diff --git "a/anli_squad_training.csv" "b/anli_squad_training.csv" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/anli_squad_training.csv" @@ -0,0 +1,6438 @@ +instruction,input,output +" Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysical ideas, about moral values and even about purposes is possible. Popper's student W.W. Bartley III tried to radicalise this idea and made the controversial claim that not only can criticism go beyond empirical knowledge, but that everything can be rationally criticised. What type of knowledge is not the only sphere of rational criticism, according to Popper's student W.W. Bartley III? ","What type of knowledge is not the only sphere of rational criticism, according to Popper's student W.W. Bartley III?", empirical +" During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis. What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus? ",What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus?, 1400 BC +" The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-al-Mutlaq (absolute missionary) who manages the affairs of the Imam-in-Concealment until re-emergence of the Imam from concealment. Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq is His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin (TUS) who succeeded his predessor the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq His Holiness Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (RA). Furthermore, there has been a split in the Dawoodi Bohra sect which has led to the formation of Qutbi Bohra sect which was formed and led by Khuzaima Qutbuddin. Who are the Bohras led by in the absence of an imam? ",Who are the Bohras led by in the absence of an imam?, Dai-al-Mutlaq +" The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two major medical centers downtown: Yale – New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street, Connecticut Mental Health Center/ across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the Hill Health Center, which serves the working-class Hill neighborhood. A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven. To the west in Milford is Milford Hospital, and to the north in Meriden is the MidState Medical Center. What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden? ",What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden?, MidState Medical Center +"From the information in: 'The Argentine Grand Prix (Spanish: ""Gran Premio de Argentina"") was a round of the Formula One championship, held intermittently from to , all at the same autodrome in the Argentine national capital of Buenos Aires. Argentine president Juan Perón was the driving force behind the creation of the circuit, after seeing the success of the country's own Juan Manuel Fangio.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Juan Peron was impressed with Fangio's successful career.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Juan Peron was impressed with Fangio's successful career.,{ neutral } After seeing Fangio's success in racing Peron was the driving force behind creating the Argentine Grand Prix circuit. +" Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animacy (for masculine nouns in the accusative or genitive singular and the nominative plural) with the nouns they modify. The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made). What does gender also affect in Czech? ",What does gender also affect in Czech?, past-tense verb endings +"Examine the information in 'Thomas ""Tim"" Buckley (May 28, 1942 – April 16, 2015) was an American anthropologist and Buddhist monastic best known for his long-term ethnographic research with the Yurok Indians of northern California, his early work in the anthropology of reproduction, and for his major reevaluation of the work of Alfred L. Kroeber.' Is the statement: 'Thomas Buckley was born on May 28, 1942.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Thomas Buckley was born on May 28, 1942.",{ neutral } His date of birth and death is included in the first sentence. +"With the premise: '""Tell Me Why"" is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album ""A Hard Day's Night"". In North America, it was released on both the American version of ""A Hard Day's Night"" and the album ""Something New"". Credited to Lennon–McCartney, it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964.' , decide if the hypothesis: '""Tell Me Why"" was never seen by John Lennon. ' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","""Tell Me Why"" was never seen by John Lennon. ",{ neutral } If he wrote it then he would've seen it. He is the one who wrote it! +" The system displays the What's New screen by default instead of the [Games] menu (or [Video] menu, if a movie was inserted) when starting up. What's New has four sections: ""Our Pick"", ""Recently Played"", latest information and new content available in PlayStation Store. There are four kinds of content the What's New screen displays and links to, on the sections. ""Recently Played"" displays the user's recently played games and online services only, whereas, the other sections can contain website links, links to play videos and access to selected sections of the PlayStation Store. What section of What's New can't show links to websites? ",What section of What's New can't show links to websites?," ""Recently Played"" " +"Examine the premise: 'Lost Souls is a 1992 horror novel by American writer Poppy Z. Brite, his first one. It is the only novel-length adventure of Brite's 'Steve and Ghost' characters, popularized in numerous short stories. The novel is an extended version of the short story ""The Seed of Lost Souls"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Lost Souls is longer than the story that inspired it.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Lost Souls is longer than the story that inspired it.,{ neutral } It said it is a novel-length adventure and that it is an extended version of a short story. Thus it is longer than the short story of which it is an extended version of. +"Given the detailed context: 'Coldwater fish, in the context of aquariums, refers to fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures than tropical fish, typically below 20 °C . Some examples are koi and goldfish. These species tend to grow more slowly and live longer than fish that live in warmer waters, and are generally felt to be easier to keep.', judge whether the statement: 'Koi and goldfish are the only coldwater fish.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Koi and goldfish are the only coldwater fish.,"{ neutral } The scenario states that koi and goldfish are examples of coldwater fish, thus indicating that there are others." +" At the beginning of the 13th century, there were reasonably accurate Latin translations of the main works of almost all the intellectually crucial ancient authors, allowing a sound transfer of scientific ideas via both the universities and the monasteries. By then, the natural philosophy contained in these texts began to be extended by notable scholastics such as Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus and Duns Scotus. Precursors of the modern scientific method, influenced by earlier contributions of the Islamic world, can be seen already in Grosseteste's emphasis on mathematics as a way to understand nature, and in the empirical approach admired by Bacon, particularly in his Opus Majus. Pierre Duhem's provocative thesis of the Catholic Church's Condemnation of 1277 led to the study of medieval science as a serious discipline, ""but no one in the field any longer endorses his view that modern science started in 1277"". However, many scholars agree with Duhem's view that the Middle Ages were a period of important scientific developments. What language did the important scientific works get translated into for universities and monasteries? ",What language did the important scientific works get translated into for universities and monasteries?, Latin +" Due to the legitimate role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely kayfabe), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar). Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements in order to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority. The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. This allows for heel characters to gain a scripted advantage by distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names. How can a wrestler gain an advantage by using a referee? ",How can a wrestler gain an advantage by using a referee? , distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. +" Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons. Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England? ",Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England?, from 1999 to 2009 +" 40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park. Which memorial park divides 122nd Street? ",Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?, Marcus Garvey +" Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create ""brand awareness"", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, however. Names and their origins can be broken up into a relatively small number of categories. What is the purpose of a pub name? ",What is the purpose of a pub name?, to identify and differentiate each pub +" In English, the country is popularly known as either ""Burma"" or ""Myanmar"" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from ""Bamar"", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century. How is the slang term for the people of Burma articulated correctly ? ",How is the slang term for the people of Burma articulated correctly ?," Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) " +" Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stain increases the contrast of a cell with its background. Staining a cell with a dye such as Giemsa stain or crystal violet allows a microscopist to describe its size, shape, internal and external components and its associations with other cells. The response of bacteria to different staining procedures is used in the taxonomic classification of microbes as well. Two methods, the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain, are the standard approaches used to classify bacteria and to diagnosis of disease. The Gram stain identifies the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, both of which contain many significant human pathogens. The acid-fast staining procedure identifies the Actinobacterial genera Mycobacterium and Nocardia. What is Geimsa stain? ",What is Geimsa stain?, a dye +" Under the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as ""being in the living presence of the orchestra"" by The New York Times music critic. The series of records was then named Mercury Living Presence. In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone. The center (single) microphone was of paramount importance, with the two side mics adding depth and space. Record masters were cut directly from a three-track to two-track mixdown console, with all editing of the master tapes done on the original three-tracks. In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording. The greater thickness and width of 35 mm magnetic film prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response. The Mercury Living Presence recordings were remastered to CD in the 1990s by the original producer, Wilma Cozart Fine, using the same method of 3-to-2 mix directly to the master recorder. What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film? ",What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film?, prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response +"Reflect on the information in: 'Guitar
Tim loved to play the guitar. He was dating a girl he liked very much. One night he played the guitar for her. She loved watching and listening to him playing the guitar. She fell in love with him after hearing him play the guitar.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Tim loves to create music with his strumming. It drives the ladies wild.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Tim loves to create music with his strumming. It drives the ladies wild.,{ neutral } The statement is true because Tim loves the guitar which you strum on to play. His girlfriend fell in love after hearing him play. I think the change in vocab fooled the system. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Corruption, wastage and mismanagement at State-owned enterprises and in government departments – that's the recipe costing South African taxpayers billions of rands every year. But how much is really going down the drain? Carte Blanche tallies up the costs and the massive losses to State coffers. Producer: Marzanne van den Berg and Anna-Maria van Niekerk Presenter: Devi Sankaree Govender' , determine if the claim: 'The corruption is occurring at the highest levels.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The corruption is occurring at the highest levels.,{ neutral } It is occurring in the federal government. +" The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed the Mahasanghika. This contradicts the Mahasanghikas' own vinaya, which shows them as on the same, winning side. The Mahāsāṅghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya and may also have challenged what they perceived were excessive claims or inhumanly high criteria for arhatship. Both parties, therefore, appealed to tradition. The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what? ",The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what?, Mahasanghika +" The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression. What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA? ",What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?, RNA +"From the information in: 'Glassroth v. Moore, CV-01-T-1268-N, 229 F. Supp. 2d 1290 (M.D. Ala. 2002), and its companion case Maddox and Howard v. Moore, CV-01-T-1269-N, concern then-Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy S. Moore and a stone monument of the Ten Commandments in the rotunda of the Alabama Judicial Building in Montgomery, Alabama.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'This case was overseen by Justice Roy S. Moore and took place in New York.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",This case was overseen by Justice Roy S. Moore and took place in New York.,{ contradiction } The supreme court justice named was correct but the location was incorrect so it can not be entirely wrong or entirely right. What made this statement difficult for the system would have been because of the mix of correct and incorrect statements. +" 187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined with store fronts and serves as a main shopping district for the Hudson Heights neighborhood. 187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west? ",187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?, Chittenden Avenue +"From the information in: 'Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Fred Wolf and written by David Spade and Fred Wolf. It is the sequel to the 2001 film ""Joe Dirt"". The film stars David Spade reprising his role as the title character, Brittany Daniel, Dennis Miller, Adam Beach, Christopher Walken, Mark McGrath and Patrick Warburton. The film premiered on Crackle on July 16, 2015.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Crackle premiered Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser 17 years after the release of the original ""Joe Dirt"" film.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Crackle premiered Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser 17 years after the release of the original ""Joe Dirt"" film.","{ entailment } The original was 2001 and the sequel was in 2015, that's only 14 years not 17 years. The system has trouble relating the dates and doing the calculation." +" The initial cost of an incandescent bulb is small compared to the cost of the energy it uses over its lifetime. Incandescent bulbs have a shorter life than most other lighting, an important factor if replacement is inconvenient or expensive. Some types of lamp, including incandescent and fluorescent, emit less light as they age; this may be an inconvenience, or may reduce effective lifetime due to lamp replacement before total failure. A comparison of incandescent lamp operating cost with other light sources must include illumination requirements, cost of the lamp and labor cost to replace lamps (taking into account effective lamp lifetime), cost of electricity used, effect of lamp operation on heating and air conditioning systems. When used for lighting in houses and commercial buildings, the energy lost to heat can significantly increase the energy required by a building's air conditioning system. During the heating season heat produced by the bulbs is not wasted, although in most cases it is more cost effective to obtain heat from the heating system. Regardless, over the course of a year a more efficient lighting system saves energy in nearly all climates. What appliance requires more energy due to the use of incandescent lighting? ",What appliance requires more energy due to the use of incandescent lighting?, a building's air conditioning system +"Based on the details provided in: 'Nickajack Lake is the reservoir created by Nickajack Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The lake stretches from Nickajack Dam to Chickamauga Dam, passing through the city of Chattanooga. The stretch of the Tennessee River commonly referred to as the ""Grand Canyon of Tennessee"" also is part of Nickajack Lake.' , determine if the claim: 'the land and the sea' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the land and the sea,{ entailment } The land and the sea rises +" But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's ""constructive post-modern"" philosophy in order to create an ""ecological civilization."" To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts. What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's ""constructive post-modern"" philosophy? ","What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's ""constructive post-modern"" philosophy?"," traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism " +" In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state. What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma? ",What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma?, Fort Smith +" Baptists, like other Christians, are defined by doctrine—some of it common to all orthodox and evangelical groups and a portion of it distinctive to Baptists. Through the years, different Baptist groups have issued confessions of faith—without considering them to be creeds—to express their particular doctrinal distinctions in comparison to other Christians as well as in comparison to other Baptists. Most Baptists are evangelical in doctrine, but Baptist beliefs can vary due to the congregational governance system that gives autonomy to individual local Baptist churches. Historically, Baptists have played a key role in encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state. Most Baptists are what in doctrine? ",Most Baptists are what in doctrine?, evangelical +"Analyze the premise: 'Trojan War is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by George Huang. It stars Will Friedle, Jennifer Love Hewitt, and Marley Shelton. The film was a critical and box office disaster. Produced for $15 million, it made only $309 in ticket sales because it was played in a single movie theater and was pulled after only a week.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'trojan war is the best romantic film of all the times' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",trojan war is the best romantic film of all the times,"{ contradiction } trojan war is a romantic film but you can't know is ""the best""" +" Many arrangements of electrical contacts are used. Large lamps may have a screw base (one or more contacts at the tip, one at the shell) or a bayonet base (one or more contacts on the base, shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support). Some tubular lamps have an electrical contact at either end. Miniature lamps may have a wedge base and wire contacts, and some automotive and special purpose lamps have screw terminals for connection to wires. Contacts in the lamp socket allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament. Power ratings for incandescent light bulbs range from about 0.1 watt to about 10,000 watts. What is the purpose of contacts in the lamp socket? ",What is the purpose of contacts in the lamp socket?, allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament +"Analyze the premise: 'To write ""The Persians,"" which opens Thursday at the Aurora Theatre in Berkeley, Ellen McLaughlin spent six days. Given the direction of U.S. foreign policy, McLaughlin says, the lessons of ""The Persians"" are particularly crucial today, 2,500 years after it was written.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The persians is clearly mentioned' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The persians is clearly mentioned,{ neutral } The persions is clearly mentioned in the statement! +" Over time, fidelity, dynamic and noise levels improved to the point that it was harder to tell the difference between a live performance in the studio and the recorded version. This was especially true after the invention of the variable reluctance magnetic pickup cartridge by General Electric in the 1940s when high quality cuts were played on well-designed audio systems. The Capehart radio/phonographs of the era with large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers, though not ideal, demonstrated this quite well with ""home recordings"" readily available in the music stores for the public to buy. What was a benefit of the use of magnetic pickup cartridge? ",What was a benefit of the use of magnetic pickup cartridge?, high quality cuts +" As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including ""Rudi"", ""Walter"", and ""Tito."" Broz himself explains: ""Rudi"", ""Walter"" and ""Tito"" are names that what person assumed? ","""Rudi"", ""Walter"" and ""Tito"" are names that what person assumed?", Josip Broz +" Definitions of ""Southeast Asia"" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was widely known as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands[citation needed] are considered part of Southeast Asia though they are governed by Australia.[citation needed] Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer. What does ASEAN mean? ",What does ASEAN mean?, Association of Southeast Asian Nations +"Given the premise: 'How to choose a dog fence for your yard
Check local fencing regulations. Your community may have laws about the materials and sizes allowed for residential fences. Don't rely on a fencing company to know the regulations.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Fencing companies have regulations about the materials and sizes allowed' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Fencing companies have regulations about the materials and sizes allowed,"{ entailment } The context state that communities may have laws/regulations, not that fencing company would. The system likely got confused between the two. " +"From the facts presented in 'EPB6 is a public access cable channel serving the Glasgow area of Barren County, Kentucky via the cable television service of the Glasgow Electric Plant Board, a provider of cable television, internet service, and electrical power. It is shown on channel 6 of the basic cable tuner of the Glasgow EPB Cable television system.' , decide if the statement: 'EPB6 is an American channel.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",EPB6 is an American channel.,{ neutral } EPB6 is a public access channel in Kentucky of the United States. +" At about the same time, Charles Coffin, leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents. General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, with the support of Drexel, Morgan & Co. Both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for many years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed. Which city was the home of GE's first headquarters? ",Which city was the home of GE's first headquarters?, Schenectady +" Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony. What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony? ",What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?, Macau +"Using the premise: 'Sophie Lang Goes West is a 1937 American crime film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Frederick Irving Anderson, Doris Anderson, Brian Marlow and Robert Wyler. The film stars Gertrude Michael, Lee Bowman, Sandra Storme, Buster Crabbe, Barlowe Borland, C. Henry Gordon and Jed Prouty. The film was released on September 10, 1937, by Paramount Pictures.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Paramount Pictures released a crime film in November 1937' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Paramount Pictures released a crime film in November 1937,{ contradiction } The context says Paramount released a crime film in September 1937. It's possible they also released a crime film in November 1937. The computer likely assumed the statement was wrong because the context says September 1937 and the computer doesn't realize both could be true. +"With the premise: 'Linked
I tried to do some work yesterday. I had to use a linkedin website. After I was done, people starting adding me. I was confused as to why they added me. I realized it was because I had been logged in.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'she used the kedin website' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",she used the kedin website,{ entailment } She used the linkedin website. Kedin is not the name of a valid website making my statement correct. The model probably got confused with the spelling for the word. +" Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?] A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing crop yield, with yield increases ranging from 10% to 212%; the observed effects were long-term, often not appearing until the third season of the study. What other country has reduced its pesticide usage? ",What other country has reduced its pesticide usage?, Indonesia +" Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be based on an autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve. However, it has long been noted that a neural mechanism that may accomplish a delay—a necessary operation of a true autocorrelation—has not been found. At least one model shows that a temporal delay is unnecessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception, appealing to phase shifts between cochlear filters; however, earlier work has shown that certain sounds with a prominent peak in their autocorrelation function do not elicit a corresponding pitch percept, and that certain sounds without a peak in their autocorrelation function nevertheless elicit a pitch. To be a more complete model, autocorrelation must therefore apply to signals that represent the output of the cochlea, as via auditory-nerve interspike-interval histograms. Some theories of pitch perception hold that pitch has inherent octave ambiguities, and therefore is best decomposed into a pitch chroma, a periodic value around the octave, like the note names in western music—and a pitch height, which may be ambiguous, that indicates the octave the pitch is in. Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception? ",Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?, unnecessary +"Consider the premise in: 'The Burial Mound (""Kjæmpehøjen"") was Henrik Ibsen's second play and his first play to be performed. It is a three-act verse drama, written in 1850 when Ibsen was 22 years old. The play was first performed at the Christiania Theater on 26 September 1850, under Ibsen's pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828,{ contradiction } He was 22 in 1850 so he was definitely born sometimes in 1828 +"Given the context: 'A recently created Danish clothing company is selling on the internet T-shirts in order to support the clandestine radio station of the Colombian guerrilla group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the graphical workshop of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). In fact the money will be used by these groups to carry on their terrorist activities. FARC activities include kidnappings, masacres, bombs, extortions and the drug trade. Fighters and Lovers is selling the T-shirts at 170 DKK (US$27.6), from which 35 DKK (US$5.7) are to be destinated to support both armed groups.' , classify the statement: 'One DKK is worth less than a dollar.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",One DKK is worth less than a dollar.,"{ contradiction } It's clear from the conversion in the context that a DKK is worth less than a dollar, I don't think the AI was designed to pick up on this?" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Squirrel
Jess was going on her evening run in the neighborhood. When she got back she noticed a baby squirrel on the lawn. It was barely moving because it had fallen out of its tree. She took it into the house, but her dad would not let her keep it. She called a shelter so they could adopt the squirrel.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jess was incapable of sweating' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jess was incapable of sweating,"{ contradiction } Nothing about Jess's sweating was mentioned, this suprised me!" +" The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan—because the United States, meant to be the fifth permanent member, left because the US Senate voted on 19 March 1920 against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League. Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council? ",Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council?," United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan " +"Analyze the premise: 'Anderson Silva and Jacare Souza provide the media with a look in on their preparations for UFC 208 at X-Gym on Thursday afternoon. Silva’s last victory in the UFC was all the way back in 2012 against Stephan Bonnar. Silva in 2017 is a 41-year-old veteran who is preparing to take on middleweight contender Derek Brunson at UFC 208 on Feb. 11 from Brooklyn, New York. ‘The Spider’ is certainly not underestimating Brunson:' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Stephan Bonnar won his match prior to the one with Silva.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Stephan Bonnar won his match prior to the one with Silva.,{ entailment } There's no mention of Bonnar's prior match. +"Consider the premise in: 'Yakshagana ( Kannada : ""ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ"", Tulu : ""ಆಟ"") is a traditional theatre form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique style and form. This theatre style is mainly found in Tulunadu and some parts of Malenadu region's of Karnataka and Kerala.Yakshagana is traditionally presented from dusk to dawn.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Yakshagana is performed under the sun.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Yakshagana is performed under the sun.,"{ entailment } Yakshagana is performed from dusk to dawn. The time between dusk and dawn is night time, so the sun is not out." + Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1 How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have? ,How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?, two copies of each chromosome +" As a non-directive and flexible analytical tool, the concept of boundaries helps both to map and to define the changeability and mutability that are characteristic of people's experiences of the self in society. While identity is a volatile, flexible and abstract 'thing', its manifestations and the ways in which it is exercised are often open to view. Identity is made evident through the use of markers such as language, dress, behaviour and choice of space, whose effect depends on their recognition by other social beings. Markers help to create the boundaries that define similarities or differences between the marker wearer and the marker perceivers, their effectiveness depends on a shared understanding of their meaning. In a social context, misunderstandings can arise due to a misinterpretation of the significance of specific markers. Equally, an individual can use markers of identity to exert influence on other people without necessarily fulfilling all the criteria that an external observer might typically associate with such an abstract identity. What concept helps map and define people's experiences of self in society? ",What concept helps map and define people's experiences of self in society?, the concept of boundaries +"Analyze the premise: 'Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! is a 2009 animated comedy film of the children's stories by H.A. Rey and Margret Rey. It is a sequel to the successful 2006 theatrical feature film ""Curious George"". It was originally titled ""Curious George 2: Monkey on the Run"". It was released straight to DVD.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Curious George 2: Follow that Monkey was released three years after the original Curious George.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Curious George 2: Follow that Monkey was released three years after the original Curious George.,"{ contradiction } The first was released in 2006, second 2009 so that is 3 years apart and math is difficult for the system so it gets confused." +" Towards the center, at the end of the groove, there is another wide-pitched section known as the lead-out. At the very end of this section the groove joins itself to form a complete circle, called the lock groove; when the stylus reaches this point, it circles repeatedly until lifted from the record. On some recordings (for example Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles, Super Trouper by Abba and Atom Heart Mother by Pink Floyd), the sound continues on the lock groove, which gives a strange repeating effect. Automatic turntables rely on the position or angular velocity of the arm, as it reaches the wider spacing in the groove, to trigger a mechanism that lifts the arm off the record. Precisely because of this mechanism, most automatic turntables are incapable of playing any audio in the lock groove, since they will lift the arm before it reaches that groove. What is the center where the data joins to complete a circle? ",What is the center where the data joins to complete a circle?, lock groove +" A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a ""brain healthy"" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory. In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have? ","In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?"," After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. " +"Examine the premise: 'The Vermont State Police (VSP) is the state police agency for the US state of Vermont. The force has jurisdiction throughout the entire state. The Vermont Public Safety Commission directs policy and selects the commander. The commander is Colonel Matthew Birmingham. The Vermont Public Safety Commissioner is Keith W. Flynn. There are 327 sworn state troopers.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Vermont State Police has authority in the city of Montpelier.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Vermont State Police has authority in the city of Montpelier.,"{ neutral } Since the context says that the VSP has authority statewide, I used the capital of Vermont, Montpelier, in my example. I think it fooled the AI since the example didn't list specific cities." +"Using the premise: 'How to find treadmills for home
Find out about the suitable products. Depending on which area of your body you would like to work on, you can choose different types of fitness equipment. Treadmills are great to work out the whole body, but if you do have specific areas, you might be looking for different fitness equipment.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Treadmills aren't great for working on specific areas of the body.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Treadmills aren't great for working on specific areas of the body.,"{ contradiction } The text says treadmills are great to work out the whole body, but not so much for targeted areas. Not sure why the model missed it." +"Considering the context: 'Brofiscin Quarry, Groes Faen is a disused limestone quarry in Groes-faen, near Llantrisant in South Wales. It has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the exposed Early Carboniferous geological formations on the site. It was used for about seven years for dumping of toxic waste including PCBs and was capped in 2011.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Brofiscin Quarry is named so because a group of bros got together and had a kegger at it.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Brofiscin Quarry is named so because a group of bros got together and had a kegger at it.,{ neutral } This is definitely not the reason that it is named. +"From the facts presented in 'Susan Sadlowski Garza is a member of the Chicago City Council serving as Alderman for the 10th ward. The 10th ward is located on Chicago's southeast side and includes East Side, Hegewisch, Jeffrey Manor, South Chicago and South Deering. She is serving her first term after defeating Rahm Emanuel ally John Pope in the 2015 election.' , decide if the statement: 'Susan Sadlowski Garza has roots in the southeast section of Chicago, and has been a long term successful Alderman for at least three terms.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Susan Sadlowski Garza has roots in the southeast section of Chicago, and has been a long term successful Alderman for at least three terms.","{ neutral } I put in many truthful phrases, but mixed in one that was incorrect." +"Consider the premise in: 'To the world, M. Larry Lawrence, the new U.S. emissary to Switzerland who hosted President Clinton on his Southern California vacation, will be known as Mr. Ambassador.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'President Clinton is still president.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",President Clinton is still president.,{ neutral } He's not president anymore. +"Using the premise: 'The Murder
Archie was found murdered in his home. The police looked for answers for years. They could never solve the case. Finally, Archie's friend confessed to the murder. He wanted to clear his conscience before he died.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Archie's friend took his secret to the grave.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Archie's friend took his secret to the grave.,{ neutral } This statement is definitely incorrect. Archie's friend confessed before he died. Perhaps the system was thinking Archie instead of his friend +"Given the context: 'Michael George Stroka (May 9, 1938 in Passaic, New Jersey – April 14, 1997) was an American actor on soap operas like ABC-TV's ""Dark Shadows"", in which he played Aristede, Bruno Hess, and Laszlo Ferrari from 1969 to 1970. In addition, he made a cameo appearance as a pallbearer in the MGM film, ""House of Dark Shadows"", the first of two feature films based on the ABC soap opera.' , classify the statement: 'Michael George Stroka was on ""Dark Shadows"" for five years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Michael George Stroka was on ""Dark Shadows"" for five years.",{ entailment } Michael George Stroka was only on Dark Shadows from 1969-1970. This is tricky because the show name does appear in the text. +"Examine the premise: 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a 2005 British-American comic science fiction film directed by Garth Jennings, based upon previous works in the media franchise of the same name, created by Douglas Adams. It stars Martin Freeman, Sam Rockwell, Mos Def, Zooey Deschanel and the voices of Stephen Fry and Alan Rickman.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Actors Stephen Fry and Alan Rickman are not physically playing characters in the film.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Actors Stephen Fry and Alan Rickman are not physically playing characters in the film.,{ contradiction } Alan Rickman and Stephen Fry were only voice actors in the film. +"Given the context: 'Donald Lee Evans (born March 14, 1964 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is a former American football defensive end who played eight seasons in the National Football League for the Los Angeles Rams, Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New York Jets. He attended high school in Raleigh at Athens Drive High School, graduating in 1982.' , classify the statement: 'Evans was born on the East coast of the United States.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Evans was born on the East coast of the United States.,{ contradiction } North Carolina is a part of the East Coast of the United States. I think it was difficult for the system because it states he was born in North Carolina and doesn't mention the term 'east coast' but it is the same thing. +"Analyze the premise: 'Hurricane Harvey has caused devastating floods in the Houston area of Texas and parts of Louisiana, home to millions of Americans. The weather disaster has overwhelmed rescuers trying to answer calls for help by stranded residents. Texas Governor Greg Abbott praised the federal government's response Sunday, and the White House said President Donald Trump is expected to travel to Houston on Tuesday to view the rescue and recovery efforts. VOA's Zlatica Hoke reports.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Hurricane Harvey has caused devastating floods in less than two states.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hurricane Harvey has caused devastating floods in less than two states.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it caused floods in both Texas and Louisiana, which is already two states. It's difficult perhaps because the system does not know what a state is." +" Most of Hume's followers have disagreed with his conclusion that belief in an external world is rationally unjustifiable, contending that Hume's own principles implicitly contained the rational justification for such a belief, that is, beyond being content to let the issue rest on human instinct, custom and habit. According to an extreme empiricist theory known as phenomenalism, anticipated by the arguments of both Hume and George Berkeley, a physical object is a kind of construction out of our experiences. Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events. Ultimately, only mental objects, properties, events, exist — hence the closely related term subjective idealism. By the phenomenalistic line of thinking, to have a visual experience of a real physical thing is to have an experience of a certain kind of group of experiences. This type of set of experiences possesses a constancy and coherence that is lacking in the set of experiences of which hallucinations, for example, are a part. As John Stuart Mill put it in the mid-19th century, matter is the ""permanent possibility of sensation"". Mill's empiricism went a significant step beyond Hume in still another respect: in maintaining that induction is necessary for all meaningful knowledge including mathematics. As summarized by D.W. Hamlin: What is phenomenalism? ",What is phenomenalism?," physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events " +" Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the cremation. For the less well-off, inhumation with ""a libation of wine, incense, and fruit or crops was sufficient"". Ceres functioned as an intermediary between the realms of the living and the dead: the deceased had not yet fully passed to the world of the dead and could share a last meal with the living. The ashes (or body) were entombed or buried. On the eighth day of mourning, the family offered further sacrifice, this time on the ground; the shade of the departed was assumed to have passed entirely into the underworld. They had become one of the di Manes, who were collectively celebrated and appeased at the Parentalia, a multi-day festival of remembrance in February. What was the multi day of remembrance for the dead? ",What was the multi day of remembrance for the dead? , Parentalia +" A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating ""the Germans"" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum ""King of the Germans"" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher (""a German"") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century. When was the Title King of the Germans first used? ",When was the Title King of the Germans first used?, late 11th century +" Hayek received new attention in the 1980s and 1990s with the rise of conservative governments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. After winning the United Kingdom general election, 1979, Margaret Thatcher appointed Keith Joseph, the director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies, as her secretary of state for industry in an effort to redirect parliament's economic strategies. Likewise, David Stockman, Ronald Reagan's most influential financial official in 1981 was an acknowledged follower of Hayek. Whom did the Prime Minister of England choose as secretary of state? ",Whom did the Prime Minister of England choose as secretary of state?, Keith Joseph +" From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s. This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement. How many chests of opium did China confiscate in 1839? ",How many chests of opium did China confiscate in 1839?," 20,000 " +"Using the premise: 'Don Wayne Reno (born February 8, 1963 in Roanoke, Virginia) is a bluegrass musician and banjo player, and also an ordained minister. He is a son of famed bluegrass musician Don Reno. Reno was for several years a mainstay of Hayseed Dixie with his brother Dale Reno as the mandolinist. He currently works with his brother and Mitch Harrell in the band Reno and Harrell.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Don Reno is the father Mitch Harrell.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Don Reno is the father Mitch Harrell.,"{ contradiction } The statement is correct because Don Wayne Reno is the father of Mitch Harrell. The system may not have been able to discern between Don Reno and Don Wayne Reno and the familial relationship between Don Wayne, Don, and Mitch. " +"Analyze the premise: 'The Boy Who Could Fly is a 2015 American live-action fantasy film directed by Julian Sol Jordan. The film is an adaptation of Scottish author J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan story, first staged in 1904. It stars Felix Delaughter, Oscar Delaughter, Julius Delaughter, and Julian Jordan as Peter Pan. It serves as a Peter Pan adaptation about one of Peter Pan's Lost Boys.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'One of its leading actors directed the movie The Boy Who Could Fly.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",One of its leading actors directed the movie The Boy Who Could Fly.,{ neutral } The director starred in his own movie. +" Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off from Artillery to form a separate arm of its own in 1990. This is in contrast to some (largely communist or ex-communist) countries where not only are there provisions for air defence in the army, navy and air force but there are specific branches that deal only with the air defence of territory, for example, the Soviet PVO Strany. The USSR also had a separate strategic rocket force in charge of nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles. Air defence in Pakistan was separated from the Army in what year? ",Air defence in Pakistan was separated from the Army in what year?, 1990 +"Examine the information in 'Yadira Sanchez Olson/News-Sun T'eon Alexander, 6, of Waukegan gets help from his mom, Nicole, in trying out The Flash for a Halloween costume on Thursday, Oct. 26. T'eon Alexander, 6, of Waukegan gets help from his mom, Nicole, in trying out The Flash for a Halloween costume on Thursday, Oct. 26. (Yadira Sanchez Olson/News-Sun)' Is the statement: 'Yadira Sanchez Olson/News-Sun T'eon Alexander is a boy' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Yadira Sanchez Olson/News-Sun T'eon Alexander is a boy,"{ neutral } Yadira Sanchez Olson/News-Sun T'eon Alexander is described two sentences in with the pronoun ""his/him"" which indicates to the reader that they are indeed a boy." +"With the premise: 'Wilhelm Killmayer (21 August 1927 – 20 August 2017) was a German composer of classical music, a conductor and an academic teacher of composition at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München from 1973 to 1992. He composed symphonies and song cycles on poems by Friedrich Hölderlin, Joseph von Eichendorff, Georg Trakl and Peter Härtling, among others.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Wilhelm Killmayer passed away after his 95th birthday.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Wilhelm Killmayer passed away after his 95th birthday.,{ entailment } Based on his birth and death dates he never made it to 95. My statement is definitely incorrect. +"With the given context: 'The American Hairless Terrier is a rare breed of dog that was derived as a variant of Rat Terrier. As of January 1, 2004, the United Kennel Club deemed the AHT a separate terrier breed, granting it full UKC recognition. An intelligent, social and energetic working breed, the American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a potential good breed choice for allergy sufferers.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The American Hairless Terrier is strongly immune to allergies' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The American Hairless Terrier is strongly immune to allergies,{ neutral } The sentence says it is a good breed choice for allergy sufferers +"Consider the premise in: 'Hell's Kitchen Australia is an Australian cooking reality competition television series which premiered on the Seven Network on 6 August 2017. The series is hosted by British chef Marco Pierre White, who previously hosted two seasons of the British version of the format and appeared in rival program ""MasterChef Australia"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The show premiered in the first decade of the new millenium.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The show premiered in the first decade of the new millenium.,{ entailment } The show premiered in the second decade of the new millennium. The wording is a little abstract. +"Consider the premise in: 'The 2013 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by head coach David Cutcliffe, in his sixth year, and played its home games at Wallace Wade Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. Duke competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in the Coastal Division.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'David Cutcliffe has coached for more than 5 years' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",David Cutcliffe has coached for more than 5 years,{ neutral } He has coached for 6 years +" The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; French: République centrafricaine pronounced: [ʁepyblik sɑ̃tʁafʁikɛn], or Centrafrique [sɑ̃tʀafʁik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update]. What country borders CAR in the North? ",What country borders CAR in the North?, Chad +"Examine the information in 'How to organize a fundraiser
Set objectives. Your objectives are what you hope to achieve with your fundraiser. This may seem obvious, but your first step should be to answer exactly why you are doing the fundraiser.' Is the statement: 'The objectives are the most important thing to answer when you are doing a fundraiser.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The objectives are the most important thing to answer when you are doing a fundraiser.,{ contradiction } The text stated that it is the first thing to do so it might be the most important thing but can be secondary as well. +" In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect. What is the name of the son of Chen Zheng? ",What is the name of the son of Chen Zheng?, Chen Yuanguang +" Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found. Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects? ",Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?, architectural associations +" Bell believed the photophone's principles were his life's ""greatest achievement"", telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was ""the greatest invention [I have] ever made, greater than the telephone"". The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s. Its master patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use. In what decade did fiber-optics become widely used? ",In what decade did fiber-optics become widely used?, 1980s +"With the premise: 'NRDC states its mission as follows: The Natural Resources Defense Council's purpose is to safeguard the Earth: its people, its plants, animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'NRDC is a mnemonic device that stands for Natural Resources Defense Council.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",NRDC is a mnemonic device that stands for Natural Resources Defense Council.,{ contradiction } NRDC is an acronym which qualifies as a mnemonic device. I think the system takes issue with that term. +"Examine the premise: 'Ancud (] ) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Castro is the largest city in Chile' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Castro is the largest city in Chile,"{ contradiction } Ancud is the second largest city after Castro, meaning Castro is the largest." +" The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it. What country is the second largest produced of paper? ",What country is the second largest produced of paper?, United States +"Given the premise: 'Monmouth Methodist Church is located in Monmouth, south east Wales. It is set well back from St James Street between buildings. Designed by George Vaughan Maddox and built in 1837, it retains its original galleries, organ loft and sophisticated pulpit.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Monmouth Methodist Church is not located on St James Street.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Monmouth Methodist Church is not located on St James Street.,"{ contradiction } The statement said the church is set well back from St. James Street, so it is not on that street, as the statement states. " +" Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica. During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed? ",During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?, late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic +"Given the premise: 'How to install openelec on a raspberry pi
Gather your supplies. It is not needed and will take up more space then needed to on your microsd card. The only thing you should have checked will be openelec _ pi2.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The microsd is for storage.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The microsd is for storage.,"{ neutral } I'm right, the microsd is for storage." +" The Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America and of Patagonia in South America. By domesticating horses, some tribes had great success: horses enabled them to expand their territories, exchange more goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game, especially bison. What kind of impact did the re-emergence of horses have on some Native American cultures? ",What kind of impact did the re-emergence of horses have on some Native American cultures?, profound +" At Princeton, the physicist Robert R. Wilson encouraged Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project—the wartime U.S. Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. Feynman said he was persuaded to join this effort to build it before Nazi Germany developed their own bomb. He was assigned to Hans Bethe's theoretical division and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the Bethe–Feynman formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb, which built upon previous work by Robert Serber. Who had previously worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman? ",Who had previously worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman?, Robert Serber +"From the facts presented in 'Rainforest Hiking
I went on a tropical vacation with some friends of mine. We wanted to go hiking in one of the island's rainforests. The tour guide warned us it would be muddy. I didn't take the warning very seriously. I ended up ruining my shoes completely on the hike.' , decide if the statement: 'The hiker does not think she can save her shoes after that muddy hike.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The hiker does not think she can save her shoes after that muddy hike.,"{ neutral } The hiker said her shoes were completely ruined, therefore they cannot be saved. The phrase was worded in a way that tricked the AI." +"Given the premise: 'Albert Ernest Clifford ""Cliff"" Young, OAM (8 February 19222 November 2003) was an Australian potato farmer and athlete from Beech Forest, Victoria, best known for his unexpected win of the inaugural Sydney to Melbourne Ultramarathon in 1983 at 61 years of age.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Everyone in the 1983 Sydney to Melbourne Ultramarathon was younger than Albert Ernest Clifford ""Cliff"" Young.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Everyone in the 1983 Sydney to Melbourne Ultramarathon was younger than Albert Ernest Clifford ""Cliff"" Young.","{ contradiction } The context doesn't state how old the other people in the marathon were. Therefore, they may have been younger or older than Young. I think this may have been confusing for the AI." +" He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful. After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's clinics for children. In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student. He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children. In 1925, he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology. Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife. When did Popper become an ordinary student rather than a guest at university? ",When did Popper become an ordinary student rather than a guest at university?, 1922 +"Given the premise: 'RJ Rockers Brewing Company is a beer brewing company based in Spartanburg, South Carolina, founded in 1997 by current owner/brewer, Mark R. Johnsen. The company is considered a microbrewery meaning it has an annual production of less than 15,000 barrels.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'RJ Rockers Brewing Company is from the Southern Hemisphere.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",RJ Rockers Brewing Company is from the Southern Hemisphere.,{ entailment } RJ Rockers Brewing Company is from the Eastern Hemisphere. +" On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning. what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill? ",what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?, rockhopper penguins +"With the given context: 'Spaceballs is a 1987 American comic science fiction film co-written, produced and directed by Mel Brooks. Starring Brooks, Bill Pullman, John Candy, and Rick Moranis, the film also features Daphne Zuniga, Dick Van Patten, and the voice of Joan Rivers. In addition to Brooks in a supporting role, the film also features Brooks regulars Dom DeLuise and Rudy De Luca in cameo appearances.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Dom DeLuise and Rudy De Luca appear in many Brooks films.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Dom DeLuise and Rudy De Luca appear in many Brooks films.,{ neutral } If they're 'regulars' they're in many shows. +" The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. In middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), Théâtre-Italien, and Théâtre Lyrique (which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville). Philharmonie de Paris, the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris, opened in January 2015. Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where the first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place in 1913. What does Opera Garnier specialize in? ",What does Opera Garnier specialize in?, classic ballets and operas +" Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough, a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France (S.A.R. le comte d'Artois), dated 23 October, requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government. Burke was forced to reply on 6 November: ""I am not in His Majesty's Service; or at all consulted in his Affairs"". Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France, begun in October, where he said: ""I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France, one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners. La Vendée is a proof of this"". In what writing did Burke comment about the importance of La Vendee? ",In what writing did Burke comment about the importance of La Vendee?, Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France +"Analyze the premise: 'Lemoyne is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in northern Keith County, Nebraska, United States. It lies along Nebraska Highway 92 on the northern shore of Lake C.W. McConaughy, north of the city of Ogallala, the county seat of Keith County. Its elevation is 3,333 feet (1,016 m). Although Lemoyne is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 69146.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The post office has a ZIP code of 69145' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The post office has a ZIP code of 69145,{ entailment } The ZIP code is 69146 not 69145. A digit difference in a ZIP code is a different location. +"Given the context: 'Stanley Elphinstone Kerr (March 30, 1894 – December 14, 1976) was an American humanitarian, clinical biochemist and educator. He was the father of Malcolm H. Kerr, former president of the American University of Beirut, and the grandfather of NBA player, general manager, broadcaster, and coach Steve Kerr.' , classify the statement: 'The American humanitaria Stanley Elphinstone Kerr was father to Malcolm H. Kerr. Stanley Elphinstone Kerr was a teenager in the 1890's.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The American humanitaria Stanley Elphinstone Kerr was father to Malcolm H. Kerr. Stanley Elphinstone Kerr was a teenager in the 1890's.,{ neutral } He wasn't a teenager in the 1890's. At maximum he would have been 6. The system probably didn't focus on the ages properly. +"Given the premise: 'TOKYO, Dec 18 (Reuters) - Japan’s Shionogi & Co said on Tuesday that it has applied to health regulators in the United States, Canada and Europe for approval of its HIV drug Dolutegravir. Shionogi developed Dolutegravir with a Viiv Healthcare, an AIDS drug joint venture between GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, in exchange for its rights to the drug.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The HIV drug is being approved for use in the usa' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The HIV drug is being approved for use in the usa,"{ entailment } We don't know if its being approved it's just been applied for ""being approved"" implies they are allowing its use. The system thinks being approved is the same as applying " +"Examine the premise: 'The Sun Also Rises is a one-act opera by Webster A. Young, based on Ernest Hemingway's ""The Sun Also Rises"". It is one of a pair of Hemingway works that Young adapted into operas. The opera's libretto is by the composer, and includes direct quotations from the novel. It premiered on May 7, 2000 at the Long Island Opera.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The opera's libretto is by Webster, and includes direct citations from the novel.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The opera's libretto is by Webster, and includes direct citations from the novel.","{ contradiction } Replaced ""the composer"" to the name Webster. Also, replaced the word ""quotations"" with the synonym ""citations.""" +"Examine the information in 'A French sauce spoon or saucier spoon is a spoon that is typically the size and shape of a dessert spoon, but with a flattened bowl that has a thinner edge and a small notch on one side. As the name suggests, a French sauce spoon is used to eat the sauce accompanying a dish. Such a spoon may be referred to simply as a sauce spoon, but this can also refer to a spoon used to serve sauce.' Is the statement: 'A dessert spoon has a deeper bowl than a saucier spoon.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A dessert spoon has a deeper bowl than a saucier spoon.,"{ contradiction } A saucier spoon is compared to the size and shape of a dessert spoon, BUT with a flattened bowl, so a dessert spoon must have a less flat or deeper bowl. The algorithm may have confused the descriptions or may not know deep is opposite of flat." +" Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not. This factor has been at work with respect to discussions between North Korea and the United States over security guarantees and nuclear proliferation. North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation? ",North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation?, to create an obligation under international law +"Consider the premise in: 'Twelve Days of OK Go is a compilation album by American rock band OK Go. It was released on December 31, 2012. OK Go started releasing the songs on December 10, with one song released each weekday. The last song, a cover of ""Any Time at All"", was released on Christmas. A bonus track, a cover of ""This Will Be Our Year,"" was released on New Year's Eve.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Twelve Days of OK Go is an album that was worked on before 2012' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Twelve Days of OK Go is an album that was worked on before 2012,"{ entailment } We don't know if it was worked on before 2012 or not, the bot just knows it was released in 2012" +" Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of ""separation of church and state"", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a ""Creator"" and ""Nature's God"", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a ""Creator"" or ""Nature's God."" What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what? ",What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what?, constitutional limitation on religious establishment +"Analyze the premise: 'RM Films International is a film distribution company based in Hollywood, California. It was started by filmmaker Russ Meyer to distribute his movies. Since Meyer’s death in 2004, RM Films International has been owned and operated by the Russ Meyer Charitable Trust and is a recognized 501(c) private foundation.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'RM Films International was named after Russ Meyer' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",RM Films International was named after Russ Meyer,"{ entailment } Although his initials make sense, it does not explicitly say it was." +" Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria may be exceptions to the general absence of internal membranes in bacteria, because they appear to have a double membrane around their nucleoids and contain other membrane-bound cellular structures. Like all living organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes, often grouped in chains called polyribosomes, for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and Archaea. Bacterial ribosomes have a sedimentation rate of 70S (measured in Svedberg units): their subunits have rates of 30S and 50S. Some antibiotics bind specifically to 70S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Those antibiotics kill bacteria without affecting the larger 80S ribosomes of eukaryotic cells and without harming the host. What are the exceptions of non-internal membrane bacteria? ",What are the exceptions of non-internal membrane bacteria?, phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria +"Consider the premise in: 'Joseph Byron Stannard (February 6, 1872 – February 22, 1952) was an American football coach. He served as the seventh head football coach for the Colgate University and he held that position for the 1899 season. His record at Colgate was 4–5. Before coaching, Stannard played football first at Colgate under Spencer Ford and then at Pennsylvania under George Washington Woodruff.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Joseph Byron Stannard was soldier in World War I.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Joseph Byron Stannard was soldier in World War I.,{ contradiction } The context statement makes no mention of whether Joseph Byron Stannard was ever a soldier in World War I. +" Attestations of Old Dutch sentences are extremely rare. The oldest one first recorded has been found in the Salic law. From this Frankish document written around 510 the oldest sentence has been identified as Dutch: Maltho thi afrio lito (I say to you, I free you, serf) used to free a serf. Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare (A fish was swimming in the water). The oldest conserved larger Dutch text is the Utrecht baptismal vow (776-800) starting with Forsachistu diobolae [...] ec forsacho diabolae (Do you forsake the devil? [...] I forsake the devil). Probably the most famous sentence Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan, hinase hic enda tu, wat unbidan we nu (All birds have started making nests, except me and you, what are we waiting for), is dated around the year 1100, written by a Flemish monk in a convent in Rochester, England. What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase ""Forsachistu diobolae""? ","What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase ""Forsachistu diobolae""?", the Utrecht baptismal vow +"Given the premise: 'PROVIDENCE, R.I. (WPRI) – A bill aimed at keeping food delivery drivers safe is headed to the governor’s desk. The Rhode Island Senate approved a bill Wednesday which would make assault of a delivery driver a felony. Penalties include up to 3 years in prison, a $3,000 fine, or both. If a weapon is used, punishment could be more severe. The bill has already been approved by the full House of Representatives.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Rhode Island Senate works Wednesdays' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Rhode Island Senate works Wednesdays,{ neutral } A bill got approved on a wednesday by the The Rhode Island Senate therefore they do work on this day of the week +"Given the detailed context: 'In mathematics, an O*-algebra is an algebra of possibly unbounded operators defined on a dense subspace of a Hilbert space. The original examples were described by and , who studied some examples of O*-algebras, called Borchers algebras, arising from the Wightman axioms of quantum field theory. and began the systematic study of algebras of unbounded operators.', judge whether the statement: 'A hilbert space is associated with art' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",A hilbert space is associated with art,"{ neutral } It is stated that the hilbert space is related to mathematics and algebra. Therefore, hilbert spaces are associated with math. I think the system got caught off guard because art isn't mentioned at all. " +" Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed? ",What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed?, reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another +" In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her ""continuance of hysterics"" over a ""miserable trifle"". After nine pregnancies, what could Victoria have been suffering from that would make her sad and depressed? ","After nine pregnancies, what could Victoria have been suffering from that would make her sad and depressed?", post-natal depression +"Consider the premise in: 'Yes, Jim. I've thought a lot about that particular question, and I see our greatest national strength coming from what we stand for in the world. I see it as a question of values. It is a great tribute to our founders that 224 years later this nation is now looked to by the peoples on every other continent and the peoples from every part of this earth as a kind of model for what their future could be.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The country was founded in 1795' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The country was founded in 1795,{ contradiction } It was founded 224 years ago but it doesn't state when this was written + Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner. Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner? ,Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner?, Foxwoods +"From the facts presented in 'The Chief of Defence of Denmark (Danish: Forsvarschefen ), under responsibility of the Defence minister, is the Chief of Defence and commander of the Royal Danish Army, the Royal Danish Navy and the Royal Danish Air Force. The Chief of Defence is the military adviser to the Defence minister and head of the Defence Command.' , decide if the statement: 'Reverends enjoy Danishes for breakfast' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Reverends enjoy Danishes for breakfast,{ contradiction } I'm just trying to trick the system. Ministers are sometimes confused with reverends and danishes are a breakfast food. +"From the information in: 'How to give up self criticism as a perfectionist
Spot your inner critic at work. Feelings of inadequacy are a major sign that you are experiencing a negative inner critic. In order to effectively quit your self-criticism habit, you must first recognize when you are being critical.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Feeling like you aren't good enough can mask bad habits.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Feeling like you aren't good enough can mask bad habits.,"{ neutral } Feelings of inadequacy can also be stated as feelings of not being good enough, but it doesn't use the word that the system is looking for. The text provided talks about a self-criticism habit, which is a bad habit in this context. It also talks about how feelings of inadequacy are a sign of a negative self critic that you have to learn to recognize, which implies that people don't always interpret it as self-criticism. This means that it is masking this bad habit. I think the system had trouble because I didn't use the term self-criticism or feelings of inadequacy." +"From the information in: 'Rage is the second full-length album by American metalcore band Attila. The album was released on May 11, 2010, through Artery Recordings. It is the band's debut release on the label. The album charted on ""Billboard"" US Heatseekers chart at number 15.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Rage is the first Billboard charting album by Attila.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rage is the first Billboard charting album by Attila.,"{ contradiction } The article doesnt say if Attilas previous album charted on the billboard list, so we do not know definitely if it is correct or incorrect. I think the system has a hard time understanding timelines and chronological lists." +"From the information in: '5W1H: 450 Dalits, including 2016 Una flogging victims, embrace Buddhism A Dalit family, whose four members were allegedly flogged by cow vigilantes in Una tehsil in Gujarat's Gir Somnath district in 2016, embraced Buddhism on Sunday at an event organised in Mota Samadhiyala village.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Cow starts with a C' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cow starts with a C,{ contradiction } Cow clearly starts with the letter C. +"Given the detailed context: 'Contrast the Leitrim story with that of Rita Levi-Montalcini, an Italian Nobel laureate who turned 100 last Wednesday. She still attends for work every day at the European Brain Research Institute in Rome, which she founded. She was appointed a senator for life in 2001, and in 2006, aged 97, she attended the opening assembly of the newly elected senate. She takes part in discussions in the Upper House, and in 2004 defended the teaching of evolution in Italian schools. There is no record of her having claimed a day off because of festival commitments. Apparently she even manages to work right through the Rose of Tralee without lifting her head from her Petri dish.', judge whether the statement: 'She still believed in evolution when she was 97.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",She still believed in evolution when she was 97.,{ entailment } The system is not familiar with the idea that people can change their opinions over time. +" The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure. This upper section is known as the fracture zone and moves mostly as a single unit over the plastically flowing lower section. When a glacier moves through irregular terrain, cracks called crevasses develop in the fracture zone. Crevasses form due to differences in glacier velocity. If two rigid sections of a glacier move at different speeds and directions, shear forces cause them to break apart, opening a crevasse. Crevasses are seldom more than 46 m (150 ft) deep but in some cases can be 300 m (1,000 ft) or even deeper. Beneath this point, the plasticity of the ice is too great for cracks to form. Intersecting crevasses can create isolated peaks in the ice, called seracs. What are seracs? ",What are seracs?, isolated peaks in the ice +" Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process. What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress? ",What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress?, therapeutic innovation +" Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a ""narco-state"". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état. Where did the drug traffickers come from? ",Where did the drug traffickers come from?, Latin America +" In India, the British retained the Northern Circars, but returned all the French trading ports. The treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt, while only minimal garrisons could be maintained there, thus rendering them worthless as military bases. Combined with the loss of France's ally in Bengal and the defection of Hyderabad to the British as a result of the war, this effectively brought French power in India to an end, making way for British hegemony and eventual control of the subcontinent. What French ally in the area abandoned the French? ",What French ally in the area abandoned the French?, loss of France's ally in Bengal +" The carefully coded word in the agreement proved no less catalytic for the other European powers. The results were absolute chaos. Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position. Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance or face ruin. Thereafter, on May 1, 1756, the First Treaty of Versailles was signed, in which both nations pledged 24.000 troops to defend each other in the case of an attack. This diplomatic revolution proved to be an important cause of the war; although both treaties were self-defensive in nature, the actions of both coalitions made the war virtually inevitable. What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement? ",What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?, Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged +" Egypt actively practices capital punishment. Egypt's authorities do not release figures on death sentences and executions, despite repeated requests over the years by human rights organisations. The United Nations human rights office and various NGOs expressed ""deep alarm"" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014. Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013. The judgment was condemned as a violation of international law. By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after the coup after the Muslim Brotherhood was labelled as terrorist organisation by the post-coup interim Egyptian government. In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing? ",In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing?, 529 +"Examine the premise: 'Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas, Inc (TMMTX) is an automobile production subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation based in San Antonio, Texas. It owns and operates a manufacturing and assembly facility for the parent company. The TMMTX assembly lines currently produce the Tundra full-size pickup truck and the Tacoma mid-size pickup truck.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Tundra is larger than the Tacoma.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Tundra is larger than the Tacoma.,{ neutral } The Tundra is full sized and the Tacoma is mid sized. The system must not know that full sized is larger than mid sized. +"From the facts presented in '""I'd Be Lost"" and ""Only One"" are two songs recorded by Australian singer-songwriter Sarah Blasko for her fifth studio album ""Eternal Return"". Both songs premiered on 13 September 2015 during Richard Kingsmill's new music segment on Triple J and were released as a double A-side on 18 September 2015.' , decide if the statement: 'Sarah Blasko has a middle name./' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Sarah Blasko has a middle name./,"{ entailment } Based on the context statement, it's unknown if Sarah Blasko has a middle name." +" His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, the Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been ""rather distressed"". Two days later, he wrote again: ""I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her"". Queen Victoria was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: ""I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good"". Consequently, he was baptised ""Albert Frederick Arthur George"" at St. Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham three months later.[a] As a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he was known formally as His Highness Prince Albert of York from birth. Within the family, he was known informally as ""Bertie"". His maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Teck, did not like the first name the baby had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name ""may supplant the less favoured one"". Who was Prince Albert's great grandmother? ",Who was Prince Albert's great grandmother?, Queen Victoria +" Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline. How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston? ",How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?, 19 ft +"Given the premise: 'Loud Snoring
Tim started to snore as he got older. It frustrated his wife. They tried different solutions. None seem to work. Eventually Tim had to take medicine to breath better.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The wife was frustrated with her snoring.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The wife was frustrated with her snoring.,"{ entailment } She was frustrated with Tim, not herself. The system does not understand pronouns." +"From the information in: 'Emperor is a Norwegian black metal band formed in 1991, regarded as highly influential by critics and emerging black metal bands. The group split up in 2001, but reunited from 2005 to 2007 for a few festival dates and brief US tours, and again reunited in 2013 to 2014. The group was founded by Ihsahn (guitar/vocal) and Samoth (then, drums).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Emperor originally played together for 10 years before first splitting up.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Emperor originally played together for 10 years before first splitting up.,{ neutral } It is definitely correct because it states that the band was formed in 1991 and split up in 2001 (10 years). I think my wording may have fooled the model. +" Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberating himself from the cycle of suffering and rebirth, and arose as a fully enlightened being (Skt. samyaksaṃbuddha). Soon thereafter, he attracted a band of followers and instituted a monastic order. Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered, traveling throughout the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and died at the age of 80 (483 BCE) in Kushinagar, India. The south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi. What was the tree called he sat under? ",What was the tree called he sat under?, Ficus religiosa +" The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War? ",What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War?, the People's Republic of China +"Reflect on the information in: 'Cleveland search crews have recovered more human remains from the wreckage of a corporate jet carrying six central Ohioans that crashed after takeoff from Burke Lakefront Airport two weeks ago. Cuayhoga County coroner Thomas Gilson says DNA testing will be required to make positive identification. Gilson has said remains found on January 6 on a seat pulled from Lake Erie were those of a male. Airport Commissioner Khalid Bahhur at least 250 pieces of debris have been recovered so far. The victims are a Columbus businessman, his wife, their two sons, their neighbor and their neighbor's daughter.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The commercial airplane crashed on takeoff.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The commercial airplane crashed on takeoff.,"{ entailment } It was a corporate jet, not a commercial one." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Sir Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of the Great Ards (c. 1560 – 15 May 1636) was an aristocrat and a soldier, known as one of the ""founding fathers"" of the Ulster-Scots along with Sir James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye. Montgomery was born in Ayrshire at Broadstone Castle, near Beith. He was the son of Adam Montgomery, the 5th Laird of Braidstane, by his wife and cousin.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sir Hugh Montgomery fought in a battle.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sir Hugh Montgomery fought in a battle.,{ neutral } He was a soldier. +"Examine the information in '""Drunk Girls"" is a song by American rock band LCD Soundsystem. It was released as the second single from their third studio album, ""This Is Happening"" (2010), on May 3, 2010. Band frontman James Murphy has described the song as ""dumb"" but added ""I like dumb, short stuff."" The 7"" single features a cover of the song by San Francisco psychedelic rock band Wooden Shjips.' Is the statement: 'Drunk Girls was the only song from LCD Soundsystem to debut that year' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Drunk Girls was the only song from LCD Soundsystem to debut that year,{ neutral } It clearly says its part of an album so all the songs debuted there +" There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday. Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event? ","Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event?", the Queen's Official Birthday +" Part of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Disneyland in Paris, France, takes place on an elevator. The ""stretching room"" on the ride is actually an elevator that travels downwards, giving access to a short underground tunnel which leads to the rest of the attraction. The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion. Because there is no roof, passengers are able to see the walls of the shaft by looking up, which gives the illusion of the room stretching. What is the illusion given by these effects? ",What is the illusion given by these effects?, the illusion of the room stretching +" It was imperative for Japanese commanders to hold Saipan. The only way to do this was to destroy the U.S. Fifth Fleet, which had 15 fleet carriers and 956 planes, 7 battleships, 28 submarines, and 69 destroyers, as well as several light and heavy cruisers. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa attacked with nine-tenths of Japan's fighting fleet, which included nine carriers with 473 planes, 5 battleships, several cruisers, and 28 destroyers. Ozawa's pilots were outnumbered 2:1 and their aircraft were becoming or were already obsolete. The Japanese had considerable antiaircraft defenses but lacked proximity fuzes or good radar. With the odds against him, Ozawa devised an appropriate strategy. His planes had greater range because they were not weighed down with protective armor; they could attack at about 480 km (300 mi)[citation needed], and could search a radius of 900 km[citation needed] (560 mi). U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters could only attack within 200 miles (320 km) and only search within a 325-mile (523 km)[citation needed] radius. Ozawa planned to use this advantage by positioning his fleet 300 miles (480 km)[citation needed] out. The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers. Ozawa also counted on about 500 land-based planes at Guam and other islands. How many fleet carriers did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have? ",How many fleet carriers did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?, 15 +" Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten per cent of males and one per cent of females in 1500. In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read? ","In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?", one +"With the given context: '""Smoke Break"" is a song recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, ""Storyteller"". It was released on August 21, 2015, through Sony Music Nashville, as the album's lead single. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, and Hillary Lindsey, and was produced by Jay Joyce. Musically, it has lyrics about escaping life's many stresses.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Smoke Break is a lenghty song.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Smoke Break is a lenghty song.,{ contradiction } Its not clear how long the song is. +"From the facts presented in 'This dialogue with western Canadians showed us that, beyond the hollow rhetoric, do-nothing attitude and piecemeal approach of the Liberal government, ways can be found to establish sound political relations, based on a new partnership that will serve the interests of both Canada and Quebec.' , decide if the statement: 'The new partnership will serve the interest of North America.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The new partnership will serve the interest of North America.,"{ neutral } The new partnership will serve the interest of Canada and Quebec, not the United States. " +" According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes ""that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal"". The empirical reality is considered as always changing and therefore ""transitory, incomplete, misleading and not what it appears to be"". The concept of ātman is of soul, self within each person, each living being. Advaita Vedantins assert that ātman is same as Brahman, and this Brahman is within each human being and all life, all living beings are spiritually interconnected, and there is oneness in all of existence. They hold that dualities and misunderstanding of māyā as the spiritual reality that matters is caused by ignorance, and are the cause of sorrow, suffering. Jīvanmukti (liberation during life) can be achieved through Self-knowledge, the understanding that ātman within is same as ātman in another person and all of Brahman – the eternal, unchanging, entirety of cosmic principles and true reality. To what do Advaita Vedantins view atman as the same? ",To what do Advaita Vedantins view atman as the same?, Brahman +"From the facts presented in 'If, in 1995, during the referendum debate in Quebec, the National Assembly had passed such a bill against the federalist vote, limiting it so that it would have less weight than the sovereignist vote, what would people have thought of the National Assembly and of its Parti Quebecois members?' , decide if the statement: 'The bill against the vote wasn't passed.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The bill against the vote wasn't passed.,{ neutral } The passage discusses what would have happened if the bill had passed. One would deduce that it didn't pass. +"With the given context: 'Nieznamierowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusinów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 4 km north of Rusinów, 12 km north of Przysucha, and 89 km south of Warsaw. The village has an approximate population of 640, and used to be a town from the late 15th century to 1720.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Niezmanierowice used to be a booming city.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Niezmanierowice used to be a booming city.,"{ contradiction } it was once a town, who knows if it was large or small." +"Given the premise: 'Lance King (born November 23, 1962) is an American heavy metal vocalist specializing in melodic rock progressive and power metal. Lance has sung with many groups over the last 35 years and started the record label Nightmare in 1990 to release his own music and is presently still at the helm of the label.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Lance King took over his friend's record label called Nightmare since it was a good way to promote his own music, specifically his melodic rock progressive and power metal.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Lance King took over his friend's record label called Nightmare since it was a good way to promote his own music, specifically his melodic rock progressive and power metal.","{ neutral } Lance King started the label himself, in the statement I said he took over a label his friend started! I'm already figuring out the best way to fool this thing, include statements that it will think are true which mask the false statement also included." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Well, let's stay on the subject for a moment. New question related to this. I figured this out; in the last 20 years there have been eight major actions that involved the introduction of U.S. ground, air or naval forces. Let me name them. Lebanon, Grenada, Panama, the Persian Gulf, Somalia, Bosnia, Haiti, Kosovo. If you had been president for any of those interventions, would any of those interventions not have happened?' . Does the hypothesis: 'The president could have intervene Somalia.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The president could have intervene Somalia.,{ entailment } It is neither correct or incorrect because it depends on many factors +"Considering the context: 'The Free State Division of the High Court of South Africa (previously named the Orange Free State Provincial Division and the Free State High Court, and commonly known as the Bloemfontein High Court) is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Free State province of South Africa. The division sits at Bloemfontein.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Bloemfontein High Court official name doesn't have the word ""Bloemfontein"" in it' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Bloemfontein High Court official name doesn't have the word ""Bloemfontein"" in it",{ contradiction } Bloemfontein High Court is an unofficial alias +"Using the premise: 'How to manage a small business at home
Set up a dedicated office for your small business. To successfully run a business from home, you need to designate space for it. [substeps] Set aside some space in a bedroom, basement or other room if you do not have enough rooms in your house for a dedicated office.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Your home can be used for sleeping and for work' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Your home can be used for sleeping and for work,{ neutral } You can manage a small business at home. +"Examine the premise: 'Word of Mouth is the third studio album by English-Irish boy band The Wanted. The album was released worldwide via Island Records on 4 November 2013. The album was preceded by the release of six singles: ""Chasing the Sun"", ""I Found You"", ""Walks Like Rihanna"", ""We Own the Night"", ""Show Me Love (America)"" and ""Glow in the Dark"", the latter of which was released two weeks prior to the album.' and assess if the subsequent statement: '""Chasing the Sun"" was on of six singles which preceded Word of Mouth, and was released three weeks prior to the Word of Mouth album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","""Chasing the Sun"" was on of six singles which preceded Word of Mouth, and was released three weeks prior to the Word of Mouth album.","{ contradiction } We don't know when ""Chasing the Sun"" was released before Word of Mouth; I stated 3 weeks, which could be correct or incorrect. All other information was accurate, which likely fooled the model." +"Given the premise: 'The Sauber C33 is a Formula One racing car designed by Sauber to compete in the 2014 Formula One season. It was driven by Esteban Gutiérrez and Adrian Sutil, who joined the team after Nico Hülkenberg returned to Force India. The C33 was designed to use Ferrari's new 1.6-litre V6 turbocharged engine, the 059/3.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Sauber C33 did not match the ferarri' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Sauber C33 did not match the ferarri,{ contradiction } it could have been slower +" Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries. One of the problems of biomass is that material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants, leading to severe health and environmental consequences, although improved cook stove programmes are alleviating some of these effects. First-generation biomass technologies can be economically competitive, but may still require deployment support to overcome public acceptance and small-scale issues. What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm? ",What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm?, Biomass for heat and power +" The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge.[c] Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, bombs, and the Clawshot (similar to the Hookshot introduced earlier in the The Legend of Zelda series).[d] While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.[c] What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies? ",What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies?, L-targeting +"Analyze the premise: 'How to write a financial report
Decide on a time frame. Before you begin, you will need to determine the period of time your financial report will cover. Most financial reports are prepared quarterly and annually, although some companies also prepare them on a monthly basis.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Financial reports are commonly prepared once every few years.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Financial reports are commonly prepared once every few years.,"{ entailment } this is incorrect because the passage says quarterly, annually or monthly but the wording confused the AI " +" In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was ""the colour of an empress"". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigment was derived from the rock lapis lazuli, a stone imported from Afghanistan of greater value than gold. Beyond a painter's retainer, patrons were expected to purchase any gold or lapis lazuli to be used in the painting. Hence, it was an expression of devotion and glorification to swathe the Virgin in gowns of blue. Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings? ",Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings?, blue +"From the facts presented in 'The 29th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA) on January 7, 2004, honored the best in film for 2003. The ceremony was originally called off because of the MPAA screener ban as members felt they could not see all the movies in time for their awards but when that was removed the show was back on.' , decide if the statement: 'The 29th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA) on January 7, 2003, honored the best in film for 2004. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The 29th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association (LAFCA) on January 7, 2003, honored the best in film for 2004. ","{ entailment } The years are wrong. I'm not sure, it got my previous attempts correct." +" In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a ""medium"" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest. What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test? ",What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?, .7984 +" The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of ""New Music"" there. Some shifted to a more commercial new wave sound (such as Gang of Four), while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock. Perhaps the most successful band to emerge from post-punk was U2, who combined elements of religious imagery together with political commentary into their often anthemic music. What else would the post-punk bands record under? ",What else would the post-punk bands record under?, pop +"Reflect on the information in: 'Divock Origi missed from a yard out before scoring the winner for Liverpool against Everton But did you see his shocking miss just moments before that? The Liverpool striker was a yard out but hit the post when it looked easier to score with two minutes left on the clock. Origi made amends eight minutes later - a WHOPPING five minutes into stoppage time. The Belgian was gifted an open goal after Virgil van Dijk mishit an ambitious volley from just outside the area.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Divock Origi has a d' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Divock Origi has a d,{ neutral } D in the name +" Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, Games Radar, GameSpy, Spacey Awards, X-Play and Nintendo Power. It was also given awards for Best Adventure Game from the Game Critics Awards, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailers, 1UP.com, and Nintendo Power. The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy. The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time. IGN ranked the game as the 4th-best Wii game. Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade. Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s? ",Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?, third +"With the premise: 'Jonathan Smith (born January 17, 1971), better known by his stage name Lil Jon, is an American rapper, record producer, and DJ. He was the frontman of the group Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz, which he formed in 1997, and they released several albums until 2004.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Jonathan Smith spent much of his time in China.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Jonathan Smith spent much of his time in China.,{ contradiction } Jonathan Smith spent much of his time in Russia. +"From the information in: '""Dangerous"" is a song by American electronic music project Big Data, from their debut EP ""1.0"" (2013) and their debut studio album ""2.0"" (2015). It features American indie rock band Joywave, with vocals being performed by the band's lead singer Daniel Armbruster.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '""Dangerous"" was recorded prior to 2013.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Dangerous"" was recorded prior to 2013.","{ contradiction } While the song was first released in 2013, it may or may not have recorded in the same year. I think it was difficult for the system to reason what date it could have possibly been recorded." +" The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname ""The Invincibles"". The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record. In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double? ",In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double?, 1997–98 +" Tuvalu participates in the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), which is a coalition of small island and low-lying coastal countries that have concerns about their vulnerability to the adverse effects of global climate change. Under the Majuro Declaration, which was signed on 5 September 2013, Tuvalu has commitment to implement power generation of 100% renewable energy (between 2013 and 2020), which is proposed to be implemented using Solar PV (95% of demand) and biodiesel (5% of demand). The feasibility of wind power generation will be considered. Tuvalu participates in the operations of the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). What type of energy does the Majuro Declaration advocate? ",What type of energy does the Majuro Declaration advocate?, 100% renewable +"Given the premise: 'Björn Kristian Ulvaeus (] ) (born 25 April 1945; credited as Björn Ulvæus) is a Swedish songwriter, producer, a former member of the Swedish musical group ABBA (1972–1982), and co-composer of the musicals ""Chess"", ""Kristina från Duvemåla"", and ""Mamma Mia!"". He co-produced the film ""Mamma Mia!"" with fellow ABBA member and close friend Benny Andersson.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Björn Kristian Ulvaeus was born the the twenty fifth day of the fourth month of a year' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Björn Kristian Ulvaeus was born the the twenty fifth day of the fourth month of a year,{ neutral } Correct date. Sounds vague. +"Examine the information in 'The Last Boy Scout is a 1991 American action comedy film directed by Tony Scott, starring Bruce Willis, Damon Wayans, Chelsea Field, Noble Willingham, Taylor Negron and Danielle Harris. The film was released in the United States on December 13, 1991.' Is the statement: 'The film released before the 2nd month of 1991' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The film released before the 2nd month of 1991,"{ entailment } The film did not get released before february of 1991, therefor making it incorrect. I think the model gets confused by labeling months as numbers probably" +"From the information in: 'Steve Roland ""Pre"" Prefontaine (January 25, 1951 – May 30, 1975) was an American middle and long-distance runner who competed in the 1972 Olympics. Prefontaine once held the American record in seven different distance track events from the 2,000 meters to the 10,000 meters. Prefontaine died in May 1975 at the age of 24 in an automobile accident in Eugene, Oregon.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Prefontaine was older than 30 when he died' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Prefontaine was older than 30 when he died,{ entailment } The article says he died before 30. I think the system has a hard time with dates. +" The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition. Does the loser of the cup gain anything? ",Does the loser of the cup gain anything?, the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place +" An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated? ",Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated?, wire filament +" In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio – and the cult of the individual had begun. There was still no dividing line between artist, architect and engineer, or any of the related vocations, and the appellation was often one of regional preference. What three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time? ",What three vocations were not really considered separate from each other at that time?," artist, architect and engineer " +"From the information in: 'Change Jar
Joy had been adding change to her big glass jar for over ten years. Now was the day she was going to count it up. She wanted to take a beach vacation with her friends for graduation. She needed $480 to be able to go. She was thrilled when she counted the last penny and had almost $700!' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Joy wanted to visit her friend dean' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Joy wanted to visit her friend dean,{ contradiction } dean not mentioned +" On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had ""no legitimacy whatsoever"" and highlighting that ""all of its activities are directed at African leaders"". That month, Amnesty International published their findings, in which they asserted that many of the accusations of mass human rights abuses made against Gaddafist forces lacked credible evidence, and were instead fabrications of the rebel forces which had been readily adopted by the western media. Amnesty International did however still accuse Gaddafi forces of numerous war crimes. On 15 July 2011, at a meeting in Istanbul, over 30 governments recognised the NTC as the legitimate government of Libya. Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television, in which he called on supporters to ""Trample on those recognitions, trample on them under your feet ... They are worthless"". Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place? ","Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place?", Istanbul +"Given the detailed context: 'Galway Bay fm newsroom – A Galway TD has called on the Health Minister to act, as nearly 700 people are on waiting lists for home care packages in Galway, Roscommon and Mayo. Galway Roscommon Fianna Fáil TD Eugene Murphy says that home care packages allow many people to be treated effectively at home, thereby freeing up hospital beds amid a serious trolley crisis. Nationally, almost five and a half thousand people are on waiting lists for home care packages. Deputy Murphy says investment in homecare packages will help tackle the trolley crisis.', judge whether the statement: 'Galway has a bigger waiting list than Roscommon and Mayo combined.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Galway has a bigger waiting list than Roscommon and Mayo combined.,"{ contradiction } The text only says Galway, Roscommon and Mayo account for nearly 700 on waiting lists - without a specific breakdown. The model made an assumption." +"Given the detailed context: 'FC Spartak Vladikavkaz (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Спартак» Владикавказ , Ossetian: Футболон клуб ""Алани"" ) is a Russian football club based in Vladikavkaz (formerly Ordzhonikidze), North Ossetia–Alania. Founded in 1921, the club played in the Soviet Top League during the communist era, and won its first and only league title in the 1995 Russian Top League.', judge whether the statement: 'FC Spartak Vladikavkaz won its first title after the Soviet Top League.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",FC Spartak Vladikavkaz won its first title after the Soviet Top League.,{ contradiction } The original statement says they won their first title in the 1995 Russian Top League but before that played in the Soviet Top League during the communist era. I specifically left the statement kind of vague but still truthful so the system wasn't able to catch it. +" Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix ""post"" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984. Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups? ",Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups?, predate the punk rock movement +"Analyze the premise: 'Olivia Genevieve Wells (born 29 April 1994 in Melbourne) is an Australian charity worker and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Australia 2013 and represented Australia at Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia on 9 November 2013. She is the first woman to be crowned Miss Universe Australia from the state of Victoria.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Olivia Genevieve Wells's parents are both alive.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Olivia Genevieve Wells's parents are both alive.,{ entailment } The context statement doesn't specify if her parents are both alive. +"With the given context: 'Nowa Słupia is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Słupia. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 34 km east of the regional capital Kielce. The village has an approximate population of 1,600.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'There are villages in southern Poland with populations of at least 1000.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",There are villages in southern Poland with populations of at least 1000.,{ neutral } There is at least one village in southern Poland with an estimated population of 1600. +" The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft. How many personnel does the Navy have? ",How many personnel does the Navy have?," 10,700 " +" In 1996–1997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA. The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores. The research further indicated that students who listened to the music prior to an examination also had positively elevated achievement scores. Students who listened to rock-and-roll or country had moderately lower scores. The study further indicated that students who used classical during the course of study had a significant leap in their academic performance; whereas, those who listened to other types of music had significantly lowered academic scores. The research was conducted over several schools within the Cherry Creek School District and was conducted through University of Colorado. This study is reflective of several recent studies (i.e. Mike Manthei and Steve N. Kelly of the University of Nebraska at Omaha; Donald A. Hodges and Debra S. O'Connell of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; etc.) and others who had significant results through the discourse of their work. What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country? ",What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country?, moderately lower +"Considering the context: 'And to make sure our society is as hopeful as it possibly can be, every single child in America must be educated. I mean every child. It starts with making sure every child learns to read. K-2 diagnostic testing so we know whether or not there's a deficiency.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'americas children do not want to be educated' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",americas children do not want to be educated,"{ contradiction } narrative does not specify children's intent, system assumes so" +" Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system? ",How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?, two +"Based on the details provided in: 'Lofar is a Telugu film directed by Puri Jagannadh. It features Varun Tej and Disha Patani in the lead roles while Revathi and Posani Krishna Murali appear in crucial supporting roles. The film was officially launched on 8 July 2015 in Hyderabad. Earlier makers revealed the first look posters and trailer of the movie which received good response in the social media.' , determine if the claim: 'Varun Tej had billing over Disha Patani in Lofar.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Varun Tej had billing over Disha Patani in Lofar.,"{ entailment } The text says Lofar features Varun Tej and Disha Patani in the lead roles, but doesn't say which was billed first. The algorithm appears to have gone by the actor named first." +"Analyze the premise: 'A New Kind of Army is a punk rock album originally released by Anti-Flag on May 25, 1999. It was reissued by A-F Records on October 19, 2004 and is also the only album to feature only Justin Sane as lead vocalist. All other albums featured at least one song sung by either Andy Flag or Chris #2.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The album was originally released on Epitaph Records.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The album was originally released on Epitaph Records.,"{ contradiction } The information is unknown to us at this time, it could be correct or incorrect based on the info given." +" The Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 182 BC, Lü Zhi issued a bronze coin that was much lighter in weight than previous coins. This caused widespread inflation that was not reduced until 175 BC when Emperor Wen allowed private minters to manufacture coins that were precisely 2.6 g (0.09 oz) in weight. Who closed the government mint? ",Who closed the government mint?, Emperor Gaozu +"Given the context: 'How to get free itunes codes
Enter to win an itunes gift card. Many websites and other companies offer chances to win a free itunes gift card if you either sign up for a newsletter, take a survey, write a review, become a "" follower, "" and so on. [substeps] Beware that some of these offers may be scams, and that the likelihood of winning may be very slim.' , classify the statement: 'the gift card will have a set price' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the gift card will have a set price,{ contradiction } it does not state how much will be put on the card or if you can choose what one it is +"Reflect on the information in: 'Metalocalypse: The Doomstar Requiem - A Klok Opera is a rock opera special for the Adult Swim animated series Metalocalypse. It was announced on May 10, 2013, by Adult Swim and was released on October 27, 2013. The special picks up directly after ""Metalocalypse"" season 4. It featured all new music from Dethklok, which was released on a soundtrack album on October 29, 2013.' . Does the hypothesis: 'A Klok Opera will be going on once the fourth of the season Metalocalypse has finished up.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",A Klok Opera will be going on once the fourth of the season Metalocalypse has finished up.,"{ neutral } This has stated it will go on direct after season 4, but I feel the agent had a hard time as I didn't key the actual number of the season, but word." +" Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its ""Recycling Works"" award for efforts to promote producer responsibility. On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier. What percentage of Dell electronics from the previous seven years were recycled? ",What percentage of Dell electronics from the previous seven years were recycled?, 12.4% +" The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969. NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20, conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five. They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop (later named Skylab) to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage, using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle. But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB (which was also the Saturn V third stage), which immediately removed Apollo 20. Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well, but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions. Apollo 13 encountered an in-flight spacecraft failure and had to abort its lunar landing in April 1970, returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again. It resumed with four successful landings on Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972). On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon? ",On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon?, April 1972 +" In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry. What religion alleged Freemasons as Satanic? ",What religion alleged Freemasons as Satanic?, Protestant +"From the facts presented in 'How to buy a golden retriever puppy
Learn about the breed. Before you commit to owning a golden retriever, you should learn a little about the breed to make sure their personality fits with your lifestyle and expectations for a pet. [substeps] Golden retrievers are very popular dogs.' , decide if the statement: 'dogs are popular pets' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",dogs are popular pets,{ entailment } some dogs cost a lot of money +"With the given context: 'Humic acids are complex organic molecules formed by the breakdown of organic matter in the soil. They are not considered to be fertilizers, but soil enhancers and improvers.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'It is toxic to the environment' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",It is toxic to the environment,{ neutral } Humic acids are described as being helpful to the environment making this statement incorrect. The model probably had issues with my vague words. +" The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a ""deception"". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated. What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST? ",What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?, golf +" Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a ""narco-state"". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état. Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a ""narco-state""? ","Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a ""narco-state""?", a United Nations official +"Reflect on the information in: 'Pan de Peace! (パンでPeace! , Pan de Pīsu , lit. ""Peace Through Bread!"") is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Emily. It is serialized in Kadokawa Corporation / Media Factory's manga magazine ""Comic Cune"". An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan between April and June 2016.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Pan de Peace! is also a movie.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Pan de Peace! is also a movie.,"{ contradiction } It says it was a manga and television series, and does not mention a movie one way or the other." +"Analyze the premise: 'Yes. I remember comments about our country being founded on Christianity and not needing to teach the faiths of other people. And I remember talking to my husband about that in the car ride home, as well, because we're both teachers and I was -- when I hear things like that, I immediately think of my students, and I was thinking about the diverse group of students that I have in my classroom, who all have different religious viewpoints, and how difficult that would be to tell one student that, you know, we can't express your belief, but we can express that person's belief in the classroom.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The speaker is fictional.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The speaker is fictional.,{ contradiction } There is no way to know if the speaker is fictional or real. It could be either. +"Given the detailed context: 'Through the Desert is a German-style board game designed by Reiner Knizia. It was originally released in 1998 by German game publisher, Kosmos, under the name ""Durch die Wüste"". Players place pastel colored plastic camels on a hexagon-based board in an attempt to score points by capturing watering holes and reaching oases.', judge whether the statement: 'the game was designed before it was released' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the game was designed before it was released,{ contradiction } the game had to be designed before it was released +" Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? ","Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", El Salvador +" The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York. Why was the Duke not a friend of Anglicanism? ",Why was the Duke not a friend of Anglicanism?," openly divine-right Catholic, " +" A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij). The papal brief was later revoked, on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies. When were the rights to publish the calendar granted? ",When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?, 3 April 1582 +" In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic. What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ? ",What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ?, The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic. +"Consider the premise in: 'Leonard Pilkington (1527–1599) was an English academic and clergyman. A Marian exile, he became Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge and Master of St John's College, Cambridge at the start of the reign of Elizabeth I. In his subsequent church career, he followed the way opened when his brother James Pilkington became Bishop of Durham.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Leonard Pilkington was not from continental europe' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Leonard Pilkington was not from continental europe,{ contradiction } system does not know difference between UK and continental europe +"Given the context: 'Steve Roland ""Pre"" Prefontaine (January 25, 1951 – May 30, 1975) was an American middle and long-distance runner who competed in the 1972 Olympics. Prefontaine once held the American record in seven different distance track events from the 2,000 meters to the 10,000 meters. Prefontaine died in May 1975 at the age of 24 in an automobile accident in Eugene, Oregon.' , classify the statement: 'Hollywood will give away free Prefontaine movies on his birthday.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Hollywood will give away free Prefontaine movies on his birthday.,{ contradiction } It's not likely this will happen but you don't know if it will of not. +"With the premise: 'How to avoid high blood pressure
Incorporate vegetables, fruits, whole grains and low-fat dairy products into your daily diet. Certain nutrients have been found to help prevent high blood pressure: potassium, calcium, magnesium, and omega-3s. There is no need to take supplements of these nutrients if you have a well-balanced diet.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Omega-3 and certain other (not all) nutrients have been found to reduce blood pressure' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Omega-3 and certain other (not all) nutrients have been found to reduce blood pressure,{ neutral } The text states that omega 3 has an effect on blood pressure +" Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees and the International Red Cross, based in Geneva, played an important part during the conflict. Strict immigration and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, but not until the end of the 20th century. How many refugees did Switzerland intern during World War II? ",How many refugees did Switzerland intern during World War II?," over 300,000 " +" Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some escaped, and somewhere inland on Santo Domingo, the first Black Indians were born. In addition, an example of African slaves' escaping from European colonists and being absorbed by Indigenous Americans occurred as far back as 1526. In June of that year, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina. The Spanish settlement was named San Miguel de Gualdape. Amongst the settlement were 100 enslaved Africans. In 1526, the first African slaves fled the colony and took refuge with local Indigenous Americans. Where did Africans escape and mate with naitves? ",Where did Africans escape and mate with naitves?, Santo Domingo +"Examine the premise: 'A. Eugene ""Gene"" Haylett (c. 1904 – ?) was an American football coach. He served as the 22nd head football coach at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska and he held that position for nine seasons, from 1933 until 1941. His coaching record at Doane was 34–30–8.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The twenty-third football coach at Doane College, Gene Haylett, had a record of thirty-four wins, thirty losses, and eight draws.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The twenty-third football coach at Doane College, Gene Haylett, had a record of thirty-four wins, thirty losses, and eight draws.","{ neutral } Haylett, was the 22nd coach, not 23rd." +"Using the premise: 'Colsterworth is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies less than half a mile (0.8 km) west of the A1, about 7 mi south of Grantham, and 12 mi north-west of Stamford. The village, with the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, had a population of 1,713 at the time of the 2011 Census in an area of 1465 ha .' , decide if the conclusion: 'Colsterworth had a population of 1,713 in 2012' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Colsterworth had a population of 1,713 in 2012",{ contradiction } The village had that population in 2011 but it is unknown whether it stayed the same in 2012 or changed. The model doesn't know the population so it's hard to accurately guess. +" Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislation across the world prohibit child labour. These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, some forms of child work common among indigenous American children, and others. Are child artists an exception to the laws with regards to child labour? ",Are child artists an exception to the laws with regards to child labour?, exceptions include work by child artists +"Based on the details provided in: 'Season seven of ""South Park"", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 19, 2003. The seventh season concluded after 15 episodes on December 17, 2003, and was written and directed by Trey Parker.' , determine if the claim: 'Matt Parker wrote and directed south park' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Matt Parker wrote and directed south park,{ entailment } Trey Parker and Matt Stone wrote and Directed South park not a person named Matt Parker +" Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral. The largest mineable amounts are found in Australia, Asia, and the United States. Zinc production includes froth flotation of the ore, roasting, and final extraction using electricity (electrowinning). What is the most common zinc ore? ",What is the most common zinc ore?, sphalerite +" Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope, uranium-233, can be produced from natural thorium and is also important in nuclear technology. While uranium-238 has a small probability for spontaneous fission or even induced fission with fast neutrons, uranium-235 and to a lesser degree uranium-233 have a much higher fission cross-section for slow neutrons. In sufficient concentration, these isotopes maintain a sustained nuclear chain reaction. This generates the heat in nuclear power reactors, and produces the fissile material for nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium (238U) is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating. What uranium isotope is produced from thorium? ",What uranium isotope is produced from thorium?, uranium-233 +"Given the premise: 'Rosetta Stone Language Learning is proprietary computer-assisted language learning (CALL) software published by Rosetta Stone Inc. The software uses images, text, and sound to teach words and grammar by spaced repetition, without translation. Rosetta Stone calls its approach Dynamic Immersion (a term which has been trademarked).' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Rosetta Stone is a proprietary software designed to be used to learn foreign languages primarily relying on softcover books.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Rosetta Stone is a proprietary software designed to be used to learn foreign languages primarily relying on softcover books.,"{ neutral } It's computer software, it's meant to be used on a computer not a printed book, the system must not know that books don't run software." +"Examine the premise: 'The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (""Nanking""), then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The massacre is also known as the Rape of Nanking or, using Pinyin romanization, the Nanjing Massacre or Rape of Nanjing.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The victims during this massacre were civilians.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The victims during this massacre were civilians.,{ neutral } This statement is definitely correct because the passage states that the victims were residents (not military) of Nanjing and the capital of the Republic of China. +"Examine the information in 'Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson is an award winning Icelandic stage and film actor who starred in and co-wrote 2011's ""Either Way"", Ragnar Bragason's ""Metalhead"" and Baltasar Kormákur's ""The Deep"". Gunnarsson stars in the film Rams which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. He also stars in the upcoming American film ""Autumn Lights"".' Is the statement: 'Gunnarson has never been to america.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Gunnarson has never been to america.,"{ contradiction } While his movie ""Rams"" premiered at the Cannes film festival that does not necessarily mean he was present at the premier. Furthermore, it says 'He also stars in the upcoming American film ""Autumn Lights""', however, films can be produced by American companies and be shot outside of America and still be considered American films, eg. Lord of the Rings. Therefore based on the given information there's nothing to confirm he has definitely been to America or not." +"Based on the details provided in: 'David K. Lam is a Chinese-born American technology entrepreneur. He founded Lam Research Corporation in 1980. He presently serves as Chairman of Multibeam Corporation (Santa Clara, CA), which manufactures complementary electron beam lithography (CEBL) systems. He also heads the David Lam Group, an investor and business advisor for high-growth technology companies.' , determine if the claim: 'David Lam was born before 1980.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",David Lam was born before 1980.,"{ contradiction } David Lam founded his company in 1980, so he would have had to be born before 1980." +"Analyze the premise: 'The 8th Race of Champions was a non-Championship motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 18 March 1973 at Brands Hatch circuit in Kent, UK. The race included several entrants in Formula 5000 cars and was won by Peter Gethin in a Chevron-Chevrolet B24 '72-05'. This was the only race other than the poorly-attended 1969 Madrid Grand Prix in which a Formula 5000 car beat a Formula One car.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The 8th race featured unimportant racers.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 8th race featured unimportant racers.,{ contradiction } Because it does not say if the racers were either famous or very important. +"Considering the context: 'How to Steal a Million is a 1966 heist comedy film, directed by William Wyler and starring Audrey Hepburn, Peter O'Toole, Eli Wallach and Hugh Griffith. The picture is set and was filmed in France, though the characters speak entirely in English. Audrey Hepburn's clothes were designed by Givenchy.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Givenchy designed clothes for Audrey Hepburn prior to the 1966 film' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Givenchy designed clothes for Audrey Hepburn prior to the 1966 film,{ entailment } The statement indicates that Givenchy worked with Audrey Hepburn before 1966 which is neither correct nor incorrect. The system doesn't have the information to determine the correct answer. +"With the premise: 'Keeping Up with the Steins is a 2006 comedy film directed by Scott Marshall, and starring Garry Marshall, Jeremy Piven, Jami Gertz and Daryl Hannah. The film is also a commentary on how too many Jewish families see a bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah not as a coming of age for their son or daughter, but rather as an excuse to throw outrageously lavish parties.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The show centers on Jewish traditions.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The show centers on Jewish traditions.,{ neutral } A bat mitzvah and bar mitzvah are Jewish traditions. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Kiss of the Spider Woman is a musical with music by John Kander and Fred Ebb, with the book by Terrence McNally. It is based on the Manuel Puig novel ""El Beso de la Mujer Araña"". The musical had runs in the West End (1992) and Broadway (1993) and won the 1993 Tony Award for Best Musical.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Kiss of the Spider Woman was inspired by classical music' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Kiss of the Spider Woman was inspired by classical music,{ contradiction } We do not know if classical music had any effect on the making of Kiss of the Spider Woman +" Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval. When the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954, Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urgings from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Vice President and the head of NCS. What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French? ",What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French?, allied participation and congressional approval +"Examine the information in 'Shanakht(Urdu: ‎ )(English Translation: ""Identity"") is a Pakistani television social drama series that debuted on Hum TV on 5 August 2014. It is written and directed by Amna Nawaz Khan and is Produced by Momina Duraid. It is produced by Momina Duraid and is a A N K Production project. The show stars Maya Ali, Fahad Mirza and Noor Hassan Rizvi in pivotal roles. The show aired Tuesdays at 8:00 pm.' Is the statement: 'Shanakht is written by a different person who directs it.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Shanakht is written by a different person who directs it.,{ entailment } It is written and directed by Amna Nawaz Khan. they are the same person. +"Analyze the premise: 'How to treat a hoof abscess in horses
Look for discomfort when your horse walks. If your horse is suddenly hesitant to walk around, it may due to an infection in its hoof that is causing it pain. Be on the look out for changes to your horse's gait or to your horse being hesitant to walk around or put pressure on one of its hooves.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'A change in your horse's gait is the only method to detect a hoof abscess.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",A change in your horse's gait is the only method to detect a hoof abscess.,"{ neutral } The agent statement details multiple ways to detect a possible hoof abscess in a horse, so a change in the horse's gate is certainly not the only way to detect it." +" Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE). Which transit line out of Union Station provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts? ","Which transit line out of Union Station provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts?", New Haven–Springfield Line +" Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The ""Dover House"" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%. The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where? ",The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where?," The ""Dover House"" " +" The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba? ",What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?, Guantánamo Bay Naval Base +"Examine the premise: 'The Kremlin described as ""complete nonsense"" on Tuesday media reports that U.S. President Donald Trump had disclosed classified intelligence during a meeting with Russian officials. ""It's not a subject for us, it's the latest piece of nonsense. We don't want to have anything do to with this nonsense. It's complete nonsense, not a subject to be denied or confirmed,"" Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on a conference call with reporters.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Kremlin used the word nonsense multiple times.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Kremlin used the word nonsense multiple times.,{ neutral } I based my statement on supposed word count based on the presented story. +"Reflect on the information in: 'SACRAMENTO (AP) _ The winning numbers in Wednesday evening”s drawing of the California Lottery”s “Daily 3 Evening” game were: 6-4-0 (six, four, zero) ¶ Ticket-holders with all three winning numbers in the order given win the top prize. Lesser amounts are also awarded to ticket-holders with other varying combinations of the winning numbers.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Daily Three Evening lotto games are held each week the day after Tuesday.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Daily Three Evening lotto games are held each week the day after Tuesday.,"{ neutral } Restated the setting in a way meant to confuse the system, specifically by using a different day of the week than aforementioned" +" On September 11, 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II. How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon? ",How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?, 125 +"Analyze the premise: 'Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia. He appears in ""The Voyage of the Dawn Treader"", ""The Silver Chair"", and ""The Last Battle"". In ""The Voyage of the Dawn Treader"", he is accompanied by Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, his cousins. In ""The Silver Chair"" and ""The Last Battle"", he is accompanied by Jill Pole, a classmate from his school.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a thicc boi' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a thicc boi,{ contradiction } Its possible that the use of Gen Z slang has thrown the AI +"Using the premise: 'Rusty went rolling helplessly over on the rug ; he picked himself up dazedly .
What sort of a cat was this who had boxed his ears ?
He looked dubiously at the Sarah-cat .
Would he or would he not ?
The Sarah-cat deliberately turned her back on him and resumed her toilet operations .
Rusty decided that he would not .' , decide if the conclusion: 'Rusty is a friendly kind of cat.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Rusty is a friendly kind of cat.,{ contradiction } Just because he didn't do anything to the other cat we still don't know whether he was friendly which makes the statement neither correct nor incorrect. +"With the given context: 'Always (; lit. Only You) is a South Korean film directed by Song Il-gon. Starring So Ji-sub and Han Hyo-joo in the lead roles, it is about a romance between an ex-boxer who has closed his heart to the world and a telemarketer who remains spirited despite slowly going blind.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Always had 3 actors in it.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Always had 3 actors in it.,{ contradiction } It said who was in the lead roles. It did not say those were the only people in the film. Most films have some extras or supporting roles. There is no way to know exactly how many people are in the film.... +"With the given context: 'The West Rail Line () is one of the MTR lines in Hong Kong, indicated by the colour dark magenta. It was formerly known as the KCR West Rail (九廣西鐵 ). The line connects Hung Hom Station in Kowloon and Tuen Mun Station in Tuen Mun, 35.7 km away, in 37 minutes. The railway runs through the cities of Kowloon, Castle Peak and Tsuen Wan.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'the West Rail Line is the only MTR line in Hong Kong.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",the West Rail Line is the only MTR line in Hong Kong.,{ neutral } The West Rail Line is one of the MTR lines in Hong Kong implying that it is not the only one. +" Later the emphasis was on classical studies, dominated by Latin and Ancient History, and, for boys with sufficient ability, Classical Greek. From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course. In the 1970s, there was just one school computer, in a small room attached to the science buildings. It used paper tape to store programs. Today, all boys must have laptop computers, and the school fibre-optic network connects all classrooms and all boys' bedrooms to the internet. How many current students take Chinese courses at Eaton? ",How many current students take Chinese courses at Eaton?, more than 100 +" Metro Detroit has an extensive toll-free network of freeways administered by the Michigan Department of Transportation. Four major Interstate Highways surround the city. Detroit is connected via Interstate 75 (I-75) and I-96 to Kings Highway 401 and to major Southern Ontario cities such as London, Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area. I-75 (Chrysler and Fisher freeways) is the region's main north–south route, serving Flint, Pontiac, Troy, and Detroit, before continuing south (as the Detroit–Toledo and Seaway Freeways) to serve many of the communities along the shore of Lake Erie. How many major interstates are serve Detroit? ",How many major interstates are serve Detroit?, Four +"Considering the context: 'Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 22 (P. Oxy. 22) contains fragments of the ""Oedipus Tyrannus"" by Sophocles, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the fifth century. It is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The fragment was made in the 400s.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The fragment was made in the 400s.,"{ contradiction } The fifth century is the 400s, not the 500s." +" On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or ""...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth."" Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō. What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender? ",What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender?, Operation Downfall +"Analyze the premise: 'Margaret Lucille Jeanne Parker (born 24 July 1943) is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East Midlands region for the UK Independence Party. She was elected in 2014. She was born in Grantham and educated at Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School and De Montfort University where she read Law.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Parker has been a MEP for 5 years.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Parker has been a MEP for 5 years.,"{ neutral } I did the math based on the year of election in the context but did not mention 2014, which confused the model." +"With the given context: 'Thomas Carr Frank (born March 21, 1965) is an American political analyst, historian, journalist, and columnist for ""Harper's Magazine"". He wrote ""The Tilting Yard"" column in the ""Wall Street Journal"" from 2008 to 2010, and he co-founded and edited ""The Baffler"". He has written several books, most notably ""What's the Matter with Kansas?"" (2004) and ""Listen, Liberal"" (2016).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Thomas Carr Frank wrote for years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Thomas Carr Frank wrote for years.,{ neutral } It said he wrote something from 2008 to 2010.... that would be writing for years... it is correct. +" Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], ""cut into sections"") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans. In what phylum are insects classified? ",In what phylum are insects classified? , arthropod +" Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christianity. According to Buddhism there ultimately is no such thing as a self independent from the rest of the universe. Buddhists also refer to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine—Nairatmyavadin or Anattavadin. Rebirth in subsequent existences must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of pratītyasamutpāda (""dependent arising"") determined by the laws of cause and effect (karma) rather than that of one being, reincarnating from one existence to the next. In Buddhism, rebirth into consecutive lives is determined by what? ","In Buddhism, rebirth into consecutive lives is determined by what?", the laws of cause and effect +" By the census of 1971, the population of Lancashire and its county boroughs had reached 5,129,416, making it the most populous geographic county in the UK. The administrative county was also the most populous of its type outside London, with a population of 2,280,359 in 1961. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county was abolished, as were the county boroughs. The urbanised southern part largely became part of two metropolitan counties, Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The new county of Cumbria incorporates the Furness exclave. What incorporated the Furness exclave? ",What incorporated the Furness exclave?, Cumbria +"Based on the details provided in: 'For example, the fields of Western farmers feed the United States and many other parts of the world, and India's irrigation systems have enabled that country to be self-sufficient in food production since 1974. In addition, in many parts of the world dams have helped to remedy life-threatening problems such as poverty from lack of economic development, famine as a result of drought, devastation from floods, and continued disease from lack of potable water supplies.' , determine if the claim: 'controlling the flow of H2O has been minor for the second nation mentioned' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",controlling the flow of H2O has been minor for the second nation mentioned,{ neutral } manipulating water has been formative for india and very important +"From the information in: 'The Federation of Indian Airlines (FIA) is an airline industry body in India. Its members are Jet Airways, IndiGo, SpiceJet and GoAir. As of March 2017, the four members of the FIA have a combined 80% share of the domestic aviation market. The functions of the FIA are carried out by an Executive Council composed of the heads of each of the member airlines.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '20% of the domestic Indian aviation market is not controlled by the FIA.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",20% of the domestic Indian aviation market is not controlled by the FIA.,"{ neutral } The statement tells us that the FIA has a combined control of 80% of the market, thus the opposite is true that they do not control the remaining 20%. I think the 20% language confuses the model as that figure doesn't exist in the first statement and it's unsure of what that percentage represents." +"Given the premise: 'Bogjurgan Hill is an elevated landform at the southern verge of the Fetteresso Forest in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Its top is at an elevation of 299 m above sea level. Historical features in this region of Kincardineshire include Fetteresso Castle, Drumtochty Castle and Muchalls Castle.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Muchalls castle still stands in Kincardineshire in it's unaltered form today.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Muchalls castle still stands in Kincardineshire in it's unaltered form today.,{ contradiction } Bogjurgan Hill is still a major tourist attraction in the Kincardineshire region of Scotland. +"Given the detailed context: 'The 1919 PGA Championship was the second PGA Championship, which is now considered one of golf's major championships. It was held September 16–20 at the Engineers Country Club in Roslyn Harbor, New York, east of New York City on Long Island in Nassau County.', judge whether the statement: 'it was held really close to New York City on Long Island.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",it was held really close to New York City on Long Island.,"{ entailment } it was close to New York City in Long Island, but we don't know how close it was" +" As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning. Who founded Harvard College? ",Who founded Harvard College?, the Puritans +"Examine the premise: 'How to limbo
Grab a long pole. Traditionally, people played limbo with a broom, but any long rod will work. For quick solutions, try using a wrapping paper roll, curtain rod, pool noodle, or a smooth stick from outside.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'You can use many different items to limbo, but wrapping paper works as a quick solution.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","You can use many different items to limbo, but wrapping paper works as a quick solution.","{ entailment } Limbo needs items that are in a ""rod"" shape, wrapping paper paper like, thin and flat. I think I fooled the system because it suggest a wrapping paper ROLL and did not recognize that I eliminated that important part from my answer." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Robert Quinn (born May 18, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at North Carolina, and was drafted by the Rams with the 14th pick in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft.' , determine if the claim: 'Robert Quinn was born in North Carolina.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Robert Quinn was born in North Carolina.,"{ entailment } The text never mentions where he was born, just that he played college football in that state. It's difficult because the text mentions the state, so this probably confused the system into thinking he must have been born there as well." +"Examine the information in 'A Brandy Alexander is a brandy-based cocktail consisting of cognac, crème de cacao, and cream that became popular during the early 20th century. It is a variation of an earlier, gin-based cocktail called simply an Alexander. The cocktail is widely known for having been John Lennon's favorite drink.' Is the statement: 'A Brandy Alexander was The Beatles Founders favorite cocktail.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A Brandy Alexander was The Beatles Founders favorite cocktail.,{ neutral } John Lennon was the founding member of The Beatles. It says in the main context that it was his favorite cocktail. I think the system couldn't recognize this. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Johann Kastenberger (born October 1, 1958, in Sankt Leonhard am Forst, died November 15, 1988, in Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria) was an Austrian marathon runner, bank robber and murderer. He infamously committed his crimes while wearing a Ronald Reagan mask, earning him the nickname ""Shotgun Ronnie"". Kastenberger's criminal life was the basis for the 2010 film ""The Robber"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Johann Kastenberger lived for more than 40 years.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Johann Kastenberger lived for more than 40 years.,"{ entailment } Based on his birth and death dates he was close to 30 when he died, not 40." +" There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994? ",What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994?, Congress +" Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. During the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north toward North America. It also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the continent. Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica? ",Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica?, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current +" The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. When was it released in Australia? ",When was it released in Australia?, 1987 +" Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby. What year was Palmerston removed from office? ",What year was Palmerston removed from office?, 1851 +"Considering the context: 'Hot
It was so hot outside this morning. My dog came in panting very hard. She was so exhausted she had to lie down. She drank an entire bowl of water. Then she asked for some food.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The dog said, ""Can I have some food?""' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","The dog said, ""Can I have some food?""",{ entailment } Dogs don't talk. +"Consider the premise in: 'Parma Airport (Italian: ""Aeroporto di Parma"" , IATA: PMF, ICAO: LIMP ) is located 1.3 NM northwest of Parma, a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The airport was opened on 5 May 1991. It is also known as Giuseppe Verdi Airport or Parma ""Giuseppe Verdi"" Airport, named after Giuseppe Verdi.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Parma airport was opened in the previous millennium.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Parma airport was opened in the previous millennium.,{ contradiction } It was opened in 1991 so previous millennium. The system didn't recognise the word millennium. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Green Lake is a city in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 960 at the 2010 census. The city is located on the north side of Green Lake. The city of Green Lake is the county seat for the county of Green Lake. The Town of Green Lake is located on the south side of Big Green Lake, opposite the city.' , determine if the claim: 'Green Lake is not green.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Green Lake is not green.,{ contradiction } It is unclear if Green Lake is green or not. The system was confused by the context. +"Given the premise: 'Stansted Mountfitchet is an English village and civil parish in Uttlesford district, Essex, near the Hertfordshire border, 35 mi north of London. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 5,533, increasing to 6,011 at the 2011 census. The village is served by Stansted Mountfitchet railway station.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Stansted Mountfitchet grows at the average rate of 48 people per year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Stansted Mountfitchet grows at the average rate of 48 people per year.,"{ neutral } According to the 2001 census it had a population of 5533, increasing to 6011 at the 2011 census." +" Once the elevator arrives at the floor, it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator. Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button. The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor, and will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car. Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated. What steps do medical personnel take at that point? ",What steps do medical personnel take at that point?," Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button " +"Examine the information in 'German Siemens and ThyssenKrupp may sell relevant core technology to China, which owns the first commercially operated maglev line.' Is the statement: 'The company's technology is important.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The company's technology is important.,{ neutral } It is their core techonology. + The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders. What was Nigeria's first satellite called? ,What was Nigeria's first satellite called?, Nigeriasat-1 +" It was imperative for Japanese commanders to hold Saipan. The only way to do this was to destroy the U.S. Fifth Fleet, which had 15 fleet carriers and 956 planes, 7 battleships, 28 submarines, and 69 destroyers, as well as several light and heavy cruisers. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa attacked with nine-tenths of Japan's fighting fleet, which included nine carriers with 473 planes, 5 battleships, several cruisers, and 28 destroyers. Ozawa's pilots were outnumbered 2:1 and their aircraft were becoming or were already obsolete. The Japanese had considerable antiaircraft defenses but lacked proximity fuzes or good radar. With the odds against him, Ozawa devised an appropriate strategy. His planes had greater range because they were not weighed down with protective armor; they could attack at about 480 km (300 mi)[citation needed], and could search a radius of 900 km[citation needed] (560 mi). U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters could only attack within 200 miles (320 km) and only search within a 325-mile (523 km)[citation needed] radius. Ozawa planned to use this advantage by positioning his fleet 300 miles (480 km)[citation needed] out. The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers. Ozawa also counted on about 500 land-based planes at Guam and other islands. How many fleet planes did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have? ",How many fleet planes did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?, 956 +" But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529. How many rides and inns does the fair have? ",How many rides and inns does the fair have?, more than 260 +" Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College. The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million. How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide? ",How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?," 2,000,000 square feet " +" Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characters still in use in Guangxi, and the almost 20,000 Nôm characters formerly used in Vietnam.[citation needed] More divergent descendents of Chinese script include Tangut script, which created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes but different formation principles to Chinese characters. What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes? ","What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes?", Tangut script +" Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon. These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. Portugal is home to fifteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ranking it 8th in Europe and 17th in the world. How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to? ",How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to?, fifteen +"Considering the context: 'Marwin Javier González (born March 14, 1989) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder with the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). Primarily a shortstop, González has appeared at every position except for pitcher and catcher for the Astros.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Marwin Javier González played left field for the Houston Astros.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Marwin Javier González played left field for the Houston Astros.,"{ neutral } He has played at every position but for catcher and pitcher, so he has played left field. It may have been difficult because it is clearly stated that he is a shortstop, and so saying he played left field seems like a lie. It requires a bit more extrapolation to agree with this statement." +"Examine the premise: 'Douglas Daniel Weight (born January 21, 1971) is an American professional ice hockey coach, executive and former player. He is currently the head coach and assistant general manager for the New York Islanders. During his 19-year National Hockey League career, he played for the New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, Carolina Hurricanes, Anaheim Ducks, St. Louis Blues and the New York Islanders.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Douglas Daniel Weight is over 60 years old today' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Douglas Daniel Weight is over 60 years old today,"{ entailment } Douglas Daniel Weight was born on 1971 and now it is 2019, which means he is 48" +" The earliest evidence of cotton use in South Asia has been found at the site of Mehrgarh, Pakistan, where cotton threads have been found preserved in copper beads; these finds have been dated to Neolithic (between 6000 and 5000 BCE). Cotton cultivation in the region is dated to the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered parts of modern eastern Pakistan and northwestern India between 3300 and 1300 BCE The Indus cotton industry was well-developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of India. Between 2000 and 1000 BC cotton became widespread across much of India. For example, it has been found at the site of Hallus in Karnataka dating from around 1000 BC. Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last? ",Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last?, industrialization +" Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context. Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities? ",Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities?, Al-Andalus +"Given the premise: 'José Eleazar Gómez Sanchez (] ; better known as Eleazar Gómez born May 29, 1986 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actor. He is noted for his performance in Mexican telenovelas. Gómez is the brother of actress Zoraida Gómez and actor Jairo Gómez. He is a member of the Mexican pop band Eme 15.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Gomez is the brother of the actess Zoraida and Jairo as provided in the original statement.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Gomez is the brother of the actess Zoraida and Jairo as provided in the original statement.,{ neutral } All their surnames are Gomez. +"Consider the premise in: 'Udinese Channel is a subscription-based channel, entirely dedicated to the Italian football team Udinese Calcio. The channel offers Udinese Calcio fans exclusive interviews with players and staff, full matches, including replays of all Serie A, Coppa Italia, and UEFA Cup games, in addition to vintage matches, footballing news, and other themed programming.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The channel is included in cable packages' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The channel is included in cable packages,{ contradiction } It doesn't state what cable companies carry the channel +"From the information in: 'Catch the Thief
The police were trying to catch a neighborhood thief. They decided to stake-out the entire area that night. They didn't catch the thief so decided to continue the stake-out. Four nights later they saw the thief. All the police officers rushed to grab the guy and they caught him.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The police didn't catch the thief during the stakeout' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The police didn't catch the thief during the stakeout,{ entailment } They caught him on the fourth night of it. +"With the premise: 'Liisi Rist (born 25 June 1991) is an Estonian racing cyclist. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence. She has won the Estonian national championships on the road twice (2013, 2014) and the time trial three times (2013, 2014, 2015). In 2013 the Estonian Cycling Federation gave her the Best Female Cyclist award. She also took part at the 2015 European Games in Baku.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Liisi Rist was born before the current century began.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Liisi Rist was born before the current century began.,{ contradiction } She was born in the 1900's but we are in the 2000's. +" Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns from 1872 on were marked by violent intimidation of blacks and Republicans by white Democratic paramilitary groups, known as the Red Shirts. Violent incidents took place in Charleston on King Street in September 6 and in nearby Cainhoy on October 15, both in association with political meetings before the 1876 election. The Cainhoy incident was the only one statewide in which more whites were killed than blacks. The Red Shirts were instrumental in suppressing the black Republican vote in some areas in 1876 and narrowly electing Wade Hampton as governor, and taking back control of the state legislature. Another riot occurred in Charleston the day after the election, when a prominent Republican leader was mistakenly reported killed. The violent 1876 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day? ",The violent 1876 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day?, September 6 +"Examine the information in 'The Peace Palace (Dutch: ""Vredespaleis"" ; ] ) is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library.' Is the statement: 'The Hague is larger in size than the Netherlands.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Hague is larger in size than the Netherlands.,"{ neutral } The text says the Peace Palace is a building in The Hague, the Netherlands. So, the Hague is in the Netherlands, meaning it must be smaller to fit in the country. The algorithm doesn't get this concept, I guess." +"Using the premise: 'How to attach photos and videos to emails on an iphone or ipad
Compose a new message in the mail app. You can insert images into your message using the mail app. This is essentially the same thing as attaching the image.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The messages app can be used to send still images.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The messages app can be used to send still images.,{ neutral } The passage states that you can insert pictures into messages on the app. A still image is a picture. +" In December 2015, West released a song titled ""Facts"". He announced in January 2016 on Twitter that SWISH would be released on February 11, after releasing new song ""Real Friends"" and a snippet of ""No More Parties in L.A."" with Kendrick Lamar. This also revived the GOOD Fridays initiative in which Kanye releases new singles every Friday. On January 26, 2016, West revealed he had renamed the album from SWISH to Waves, and also announced the premier of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden. In early 2016, several weeks prior to the release of his new album, West became embroiled in a short-lived social media altercation with rapper Wiz Khalifa on Twitter that eventually involved their mutual ex-partner, Amber Rose, who protested to West's mention of her and Khalifa's child. The feud involved allegations by Rose concerning her sexual relationship with West, and received significant media attention. As of February 2, 2016, West and Khalifa had reconciled. Several days ahead of the album's release, West again changed the title, this time to The Life of Pablo. On February 11, West premiered the album at Madison Square Garden as part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line. Following the preview, West announced that he would be modifying the track list once more before its release to the public, and further delayed its release to finalize the recording of the track ""Waves"" at the behest of co-writer Chance the Rapper. He released the album exclusively on Tidal on 14 February 2016 following a performance on SNL. What platform was The Life of Pablo officially released on? ",What platform was The Life of Pablo officially released on?, Tidal +" Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, protect, and defend in order to sustain assigned networks and missions. This includes protection measures against supply chain components plus critical C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks. The cyberspace support mission incorporates CNE and CND techniques. It incorporates all elements of Air Force Network Operations, information transport, enterprise management, and information assurance, and is dependent on ISR and all-source intelligence. What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission? ",What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission?, sustain assigned networks and missions +" The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'. How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go? ",How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go? , 7000 km +" Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program. How many people lived in the affected area? ",How many people lived in the affected area?, 15 million +"Consider the premise in: 'Rand is a small village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 9 mi north-east from the city of Lincoln and approximately 2 mi west from Wragby, and near the A158 road from Lincoln to Skegness. The nearest large town is Market Rasen, about 5 mi north-east. The village is 87 ft above sea level. The population is listed under Goltho.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'the large town near Rand is market rasen' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",the large town near Rand is market rasen,"{ contradiction } The nearest large town is Market Rasen, about 5 mi north-east. The village is 87 ft above sea level." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Rebel ""Reb"" Porter is a retired American public address (PA) announcer who worked for the Indiana Pacers basketball team of the NBA until retiring in 2010. Porter also worked as an announcer/disk jockey for the legendary WIFE (AM-1310) in Indianapolis during that station's heyday in the 1960s.' , determine if the claim: 'Rebel Porter retired 10 years after the year 2000.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rebel Porter retired 10 years after the year 2000.,{ contradiction } Maybe because the system can't do math unless it sees the numbers? +"Consider the premise in: 'Les Soirées de Nazelles, FP 84, is a set of variations for piano written by the French composer Francis Poulenc. During the evenings, the composer used to sit at the piano and improvise ""portraits"" of his friends, all based on a given theme. The work was begun in 1930, and completed at Noizay on October 1, 1936. At the beginning of the score, it reads:' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Poulenc lived in Noizay.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Poulenc lived in Noizay.,"{ entailment } We know the work was completed there, but not that he actually lived there - he could have been on holiday!" +"From the information in: 'Let the Music Do the Talking is the first of four albums by The Joe Perry Project. It was their the most successful, selling approximately 250,000 copies in the United States. The title track was re-recorded by Joe Perry's more successful band Aerosmith on their album ""Done With Mirrors"", albeit with a slightly different melody and Steven Tyler penned lyrics.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '""Done With Mirrors"" was an album by The Joe Perry Project.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Done With Mirrors"" was an album by The Joe Perry Project.","{ entailment } It states explicitly that it's an Aerosmith album, but the system sees the band and album listed and puts them together." +" The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a ""Judges' Save"" if they unanimously agree to. ""The save"" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week. Which season was the Idol Gives Back episode? ",Which season was the Idol Gives Back episode?, season six +"Reflect on the information in: 'Julian Peter McDonald Clary (born 25 May 1959) is an English comedian and novelist. Openly gay, Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s and became known for his deliberately stereotypical camp style. Since then he has also acted in films, television and stage productions, and was the winner of ""Celebrity Big Brother 10"" in 2012.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Julian Peter McDonald came out as gay before he published any novels.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Julian Peter McDonald came out as gay before he published any novels.,{ contradiction } Julian Peter McDonald Clary was openly gay when he started being on TV but it is unclear if he published novels before or after that. +"Analyze the premise: 'How to determine if you have adult adhd
Be aware of being easily distracted. Difficulty concentrating, getting bored very quickly, and a short attention span are where the' attention deficit' part of the name adhd come from. You can determine if you have adult adhd if you notice how often you are distracted.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There are three characteristics of ADHD.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There are three characteristics of ADHD.,"{ entailment } The passage lists three of them, but says that is where the name comes from. There could be other characteristics as well, or not. There is no way to know exactly how many there are. " +" In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: ""action, work"") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: ""kusala"") and bad, unskillful (Pāli: ""akusala"") actions produce ""seeds"" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called sīla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala ""fruit"" or vipāka ""result"". what does vipaka mean? ",what does vipaka mean?, result +"Reflect on the information in: 'Kevin Reece Wilson (born October 23, 1961) is an American football coach and former player who is the current offensive coordinator at Ohio State University. Wilson served as the head football coach at Indiana University Bloomington from 2011 to 2016 and was the offensive coordinator at the University of Oklahoma from 2002 to 2010.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Wilson was born the year after 1960.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Wilson was born the year after 1960.,{ contradiction } Wilson was born in 1961. The system was confused by the year. +" The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge. When Napoleon entered Moscow, he expected an offer of peace from whom? ","When Napoleon entered Moscow, he expected an offer of peace from whom?", Alexander +" Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics. Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes? ",Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes?, Samuel Rahbar +" The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP. However, one study has suggested that the early-middle Jurassic plant Schmeissneria, traditionally considered a type of ginkgo, may be the earliest known angiosperm, or at least a close relative. In addition, circumstantial chemical evidence has been found for the existence of angiosperms as early as 250 million years ago. Oleanane, a secondary metabolite produced by many flowering plants, has been found in Permian deposits of that age together with fossils of gigantopterids. Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves. What is the earliest known angiosperm? ",What is the earliest known angiosperm?, Archaefructus liaoningensis +" The so-called ""Sack of Palermo"" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city. What did Palermo expansion lack? ",What did Palermo expansion lack?," t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city " +"From the information in: 'Stanley Hugh Gallimore (14 April 1910 – September 1994) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Bucklow Hill, Cheshire and died in the Trafford district of Cheshire. He played for Witton Albion, Manchester United, Altrincham and Northwich Victoria.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Stanley Hugh Gallimore was the best footballer in September 1995.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Stanley Hugh Gallimore was the best footballer in September 1995.,"{ neutral } Stanley Hugh Gallimore died in September 1994, it is impossible for him to be playing in 1995. Using the phrase 'best footballer' is what most likely tricked the system into saying 'neither' as it likely attributed the phrase to opinion instead of realizing the date was out of the 1910-1994 range. " +"Based on the details provided in: 'The 1919–20 WPI Engineers men's basketball team represented Worcester Polytechnic Institute during the 1919–20 NCAA men's basketball season. They were coached by Henry C. Swasey. The Engineers played their home games at Alumni Gym in Worcester, Massachusetts. The team won its first ever championship and finished the season with 14 wins and 2 losses.' , determine if the claim: 'WPI Engineers beat out all other teams in 1919-20 for the honor of the best team' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",WPI Engineers beat out all other teams in 1919-20 for the honor of the best team,{ neutral } They were champions +" Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of ""separation of church and state"", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a ""Creator"" and ""Nature's God"", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a ""Creator"" or ""Nature's God."" What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified? ",What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?, many aspects of church and state +" The Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch, which was a collection of dialects, dietsc was used in Flanders and Brabant, while diets or duutsc was in use in the Northern Netherlands. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, one of the first names ever used for the non-Romance languages of Western Europe, meaning (pertaining to the language) of the people, that is, the native Germanic language. The term was used as opposed to Latin, the non-native language of writing and the Catholic Church. In the first text in which it is found, dating from 784, it refers to the Germanic dialects of Britain. In the Oaths of Strasbourg (842) it appeared as teudisca to refer to the Germanic (Rhenish Franconian) portion of the oath. What Old Germanic term was used to describe the non-Romance languages that developed in Europe? ",What Old Germanic term was used to describe the non-Romance languages that developed in Europe?, theudisk +"Analyze the premise: 'Wallace Houston Terry, II (April 21, 1938 – May 29, 2003) was an African-American journalist and oral historian, best known for his book about black soldiers in Vietnam, ""Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War"" (1984), which served as a basis for the 1995 crime thriller ""Dead Presidents"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Wallace Houston Terry, II was an executive producer for the film, Dead Presidents.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Wallace Houston Terry, II was an executive producer for the film, Dead Presidents.",{ contradiction } We have no way of knowing what Terry's involvement in Dead Presidents may have been. System may assume he was not involved with Dead Presidents. +" The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish ""recreationally"" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as ""the Box"". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency. What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture? ",What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?, 25 +" Typically, matches are staged between a protagonist (historically an audience favorite, known as a babyface, or ""the good guy"") and an antagonist (historically a villain with arrogance, a tendency to break rules, or other unlikable qualities, called a heel). In recent years, however, antiheroes have also become prominent in professional wrestling. There is also a less common role of a ""tweener"", who is neither fully face nor fully heel yet able to play either role effectively (case in point, Samoa Joe during his first run in TNA from June 2005 to November 2006). What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called? ",What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called?, tweener +"Considering the context: 'Maria Severa Onofriana (July 26, 1820November 30, 1846), also known simply as A Severa, is regarded as the first fado singer to have risen to fame, attaining a near-mythical status after her death. Fado has been described as the Portuguese expression of 'the blues,' and fado roughly means fate.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'She died at 26 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",She died at 26 years old.,"{ contradiction } her birthday is July 26, 1820 and death date of November 30 1846, which would make her 26 years old at the time of death" +" The eusocial insects build nest, guard eggs, and provide food for offspring full-time (see Eusociality). Most insects, however, lead short lives as adults, and rarely interact with one another except to mate or compete for mates. A small number exhibit some form of parental care, where they will at least guard their eggs, and sometimes continue guarding their offspring until adulthood, and possibly even feeding them. Another simple form of parental care is to construct a nest (a burrow or an actual construction, either of which may be simple or complex), store provisions in it, and lay an egg upon those provisions. The adult does not contact the growing offspring, but it nonetheless does provide food. This sort of care is typical for most species of bees and various types of wasps. What do eusocial insects build? ",What do eusocial insects build?, nest +"Using the premise: 'The Interstate 35W Mississippi River eight-lane bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota has collapsed on both sides of the highway over the Mississippi River during rush hour. Previous reports indicated at least nine people had died, but Minneapolis police revised this to four during a 7:30 a.m. (local time) press conference. Tim Dolan, the Minneapolis Police Chief later stated that ""several [adding to the four] people are confirmed dead at the scene,"" but would not elaborate on how many. At least 79 have been injured and at least 8 are still missing, still believed to be in the rubble.' , decide if the conclusion: 'There weren't many people on the bridge.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",There weren't many people on the bridge.,{ neutral } There were a lot of people on the bridge. +"Given the context: 'Thirteen Ghosts (also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck. It is a remake of the 1960 film ""13 Ghosts"" by William Castle. It follows the remake of another one of Castle's films, ""House on Haunted Hill"", and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland, British Columbia.' , classify the statement: 'Other than ""13 Ghosts"", there has been more than one remake of William Castle's films.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Other than ""13 Ghosts"", there has been more than one remake of William Castle's films.","{ entailment } Other than 13 Ghosts, we only have information that one other of Castle's films has been recreated." +" Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan. What other Iberian Romance languages are found in this area? ",What other Iberian Romance languages are found in this area?, Spanish and Portuguese +" In the year 2000, according to a study by American Association of University Professors (AAUP), affirmative action promoted diversity within colleges and universities. This has been shown to have positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students as well as the teaching of faculty members. According to a study by Geoffrey Maruyama and José F. Moreno, the results showed that faculty members believed diversity helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education, Caucasian students suffer no detrimental effects from classroom diversity, and that attention to multicultural learning improves the ability of colleges and universities to accomplish their missions. Furthermore, a diverse population of students offers unique perspectives in order to challenge preconceived notions through exposure to the experiences and ideas of others. According to Professor Gurin of the University of Michigan, skills such as ""perspective-taking, acceptance of differences, a willingness and capacity to find commonalities among differences, acceptance of conflict as normal, conflict resolution, participation in democracy, and interest in the wider social world"" can potentially be developed in college while being exposed to heterogeneous group of students. In addition, broadening perspectives helps students confront personal and substantive stereotypes and fosters discussion about racial and ethnic issues in a classroom setting. Furthermore, the 2000 AAUP study states that having a diversity of views leads to a better discussion and greater understanding among the students on issues of race, tolerance, fairness, etc. Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity? ",Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?, Caucasian students +" Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues. With its 50.1 percent ownership of af2, the AFL's bankruptcy and dissolution prompted the dissolution of af2 as well. That league was formally considered disbanded on September 8, 2009, when no owner committed his or her team to the league's eleventh season by that deadline. For legal reasons, af2 league officials and owners agreed to form a new legal entity, Arena Football 1 (AF1), with former AFL teams the Arizona Rattlers and Orlando Predators joining the former af2. What legal entity was created by af2 league owners? ",What legal entity was created by af2 league owners?, Arena Football 1 +" Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. The Moors also had a noticeable influence on the works of George Peele and William Shakespeare. Some of their works featured Moorish characters, such as Peele's The Battle of Alcazar and Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello, which featured a Moorish Othello as its title character. These works are said to have been inspired by several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century. Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors? ",Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors?," Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello " +"From the information in: 'The William Tanner House Museum, also known as the William A. Tanner House, is a historic residence and museum in Aurora, Illinois. It was built in 1857 for William A. Tanner, a hardware merchant. His descendants lived in the house until it was donated to the Aurora Historical Society in 1936. It now operates as a Victorian-period historic house museum.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'William Tanner was alive for the turn of the century.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",William Tanner was alive for the turn of the century.,{ entailment } The paragraph doesn't state when he died so he may or may not have been living in 1900. +" Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for ""Like a Prayer"". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her ""The Greatest Music Video Star Ever"" and said that ""Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."" Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever? ",Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?, MTV +"With the given context: 'Amelio Robles Avila was a colonel during the Mexican Revolution. He was born a woman with the name of Amelia Robles Ávila on November 3, 1889 in Xochipala, Guerrero. His father was named Casimiro Robles and his mother Josefa Ávila. His father was a wealthy farmer who owned 42 acres of land and owned a small Mezcal factory.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Casimiro Robles was born on November 3, 1859.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Casimiro Robles was born on November 3, 1859.","{ contradiction } The birth date of this person's father is never mentioned. It's difficult because a different, but similar birthdate is mentioned is the text which is enough to confuse the system." +" In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them. In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get? ","In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?", 20.8% +"From the information in: 'The Agassiz Brewing Company was a Canadian brewing company, founded by former Fort Garry Brewing Company brewmaster Gary De Pape. The company was established in 1998 in Winnipeg, Manitoba and based there until 2010. It was named for the prehistoric glacial Lake Agassiz which once covered much of Manitoba. Agassiz beer was available in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and British Columbia.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Ontario is bordered by British Columbia.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ontario is bordered by British Columbia.,{ entailment } It is unknown if Ontario is bordered by British Columbia. The system was confused by the context. +" Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to ""trivial"" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat for the more diverse species that preceded the conversion. In some countries lack of property rights or lax law/regulatory enforcement necessarily leads to biodiversity loss (degradation costs having to be supported by the community).[citation needed] What is systematically related to the numbers of species? ",What is systematically related to the numbers of species?, Habitat size +"Examine the information in 'William Irving Turner (1890–1950), commonly known as Tim Turner or W.I. Turner, was an American architect. He served as a U.S. Forest Service architect and is credited with much of the design of Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon, an important and influential work.' Is the statement: 'Tim Turner was not the only one who contributed the design of the Timberline Lodge.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Tim Turner was not the only one who contributed the design of the Timberline Lodge.,"{ neutral } This is ""definitely correct"" based on the information given since Turner is only credited with ""much of the design"" not all of the design of the Timberline Lodge. So, there must of been at least one other individual or contributor to the design. " +"Using the premise: 'Joseph Edward Lauzon Jr. (born May 22, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist competing in the UFC's Lightweight division. He is tied with Nate Diaz as having the most post-fight bonus awards in UFC history. Joe's younger brother, Dan Lauzon, is also a mixed martial artist.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Nate Diaz is an american mixed martial artist' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Nate Diaz is an american mixed martial artist,{ entailment } We know Joe Lauzon is a mixed martial artist. We don't know where Nate Diaz is from therefore neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. +"Given the detailed context: 'Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, also called NWTC, is one of the 16 technical and community colleges in the Wisconsin Technical College System in the United States. The college serves nine Wisconsin counties with three campuses in Green Bay, Marinette, and Sturgeon Bay and five regional learning centers in Shawano, Oconto Falls, Crivitz, Niagara and Luxemburg.', judge whether the statement: 'There are more than 17 technical and community colleges in the Wisconsin Technical College System.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There are more than 17 technical and community colleges in the Wisconsin Technical College System.,{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because the text says there are only 16 such colleges. I think it's difficult for the system because it's not good at these types of numerical comparisons and perhaps it just assumes the statement to be true if the numbers are close enough. +" Following his triumph, Napoleon imposed the first elements of the Continental System through the Berlin Decree issued in November 1806. The Continental System, which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain, was widely violated throughout his reign. In the next few months, Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807. After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides, the war restarted in June with an initial struggle at Heilsberg that proved indecisive. On 14 June, however, Napoleon finally obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland, wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle. The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French. On 19 June, Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon. The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe. On that basis, the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen. The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated: ""I hate the English as much as you do."" What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree? ", What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree?, The Continental System +" Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927. His research was distributed in Soviet, German and British scientific journals, but no practical use was made of the discovery for several decades. Kurt Lehovec, Carl Accardo and Edward Jamgochian, explained these first light-emitting diodes in 1951 using an apparatus employing SiC crystals with a current source of battery or pulse generator and with a comparison to a variant, pure, crystal in 1953. LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon? ",LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?, Electroluminescence +" Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis. What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee? ","What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee?", Dollywood +" There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir ""to boil"") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl ""bullock""), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. What language branch did Catalan share a history with? ",What language branch did Catalan share a history with?, Occitan +"With the given context: 'This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film ""This Is England"". Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne wrote the 2006 film, ""This Is England.""' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne wrote the 2006 film, ""This Is England.""","{ entailment } They wrote the spin-off mini series, but we do not know if they wrote the original film." +"Given the detailed context: 'It says, and I agree with my colleague from the New Democratic Party on this, that instead of cutting a total amount of $48 billion between now and the year 2003, cutting $48 billion in higher education, social assistance and health, the government will only be cutting $42 billion.', judge whether the statement: 'The government will only be cutting 41.99 billion.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The government will only be cutting 41.99 billion.,"{ entailment } 41.99 is close to but not exactly 42 billion, the AI is confused." +" Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines. What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains? ",What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains?, a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines +"With the premise: 'So she could only accept the situation .
`` Well , anyway , '' she thought , `` I 'll get Mary to point Sara Beaumont out to me , and I 'll store up a description of her in my mind to tell Fran tonight .
I must remember to take notice of the colour of her eyes .
Fran has always been exercised about that . ''
It was mid-forenoon when Frances arrived at Ashland station .
Grandmother Newbury 's man , Hiram , was waiting for her with the pony carriage , and Frances heartily enjoyed the three-mile drive to the Bay Shore Farm .
Grandmother Newbury came to the door to meet her granddaughter .' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The farm was 3 miles from the station.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The farm was 3 miles from the station.,"{ neutral } I think the system was fooled by the phrasing where I used the number 3 instead of writing three. It says it was a three mile ride from the station to the farm, so the statement is correct. " +"Analyze the premise: 'Important Work
Eden woke up late to work. He decided to call in sick because he didn't want to rush. His boss thought he was really needed at work that day. Eden agreed to come in late. Eden helped his boss catch up on important work.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Eden wasn't really sick' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Eden wasn't really sick,"{ neutral } Eden definitely was not sick as he was just waking up late, and agreed to come in later." +"Given the detailed context: 'Mr. Speaker, given Canada's historic role as a supporter of peace, a mosaic of different cultures and an international proponent of democracy incorporation, the petitioners feel it would be fully appropriate for Canada to join the ranks of peace blossoms worldwide with the symbolic designation as a peace nation.', judge whether the statement: 'Mr. Speaker will be Mr. Speaker next year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mr. Speaker will be Mr. Speaker next year.,"{ contradiction } Whoever the Speaker is, he may or may not be in that office next year. He could lose an election, he could die, he could retire. Or he might be Mr. Speaker for many more years." +"Given the context: 'Mark Arm (born Mark Thomas McLaughlin, February 21, 1962) is the vocalist for the grunge band Mudhoney. His former group, Green River, is one of the first grunge bands, along with Malfunkshun, Soundgarden, Skin Yard, the U-Men, and others. He is also the manager of the Sub Pop warehouse and previously worked at Fantagraphics Books.' , classify the statement: 'The vocalist for the band Mudhoney would qualify for a senior citizen discount at IHOP at the time of this writing.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The vocalist for the band Mudhoney would qualify for a senior citizen discount at IHOP at the time of this writing.,"{ neutral } The vocalist for Mudhoney is fifty seven years old at this writing, that is above fifty five years old and makes him eligible for senior citizen discounts due to his advanced age. The AI does not know when a senior citizen discount goes into effect for a person." +" While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament. What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in? ",What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?, meantone temperament +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Pistol model 2000 (also ""md. 2000"") is a semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured by RomArm via the Cugir Arsenal of Romania. The pistol, chambered in 9×19mm Luger is an almost-identical copy of the Magnum Research Jericho 941 (Baby Eagle). The pistol is the standard sidearm of the Romanian Army.' . Does the hypothesis: 'the gun is used in combat' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",the gun is used in combat,"{ neutral } it states the gun is used by the romanian army, which means it would be used in combat" +"Examine the information in 'Johan Niemann (born 26 June 1977) is best known for being the current bass player for Evergrey and co-founding the band Mind's Eye, for membership of Swedish heavy metal band Therion and as a member of the Scandinavian theatrical metal band Evil Masquerade. He is also currently live guitarist for Tiamat. He is a brother of Kristian Niemann.' Is the statement: 'Johan Niemann became the live guitarist for Tiamat after he stepped down as bass player for Evergrey.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Johan Niemann became the live guitarist for Tiamat after he stepped down as bass player for Evergrey.,"{ neutral } I said in my statement that he stepped down from Evergrey, but he's still in the band. I suppose the fact that the first part of my statement matched up is what fooled the system." +" Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain. What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting? ","What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?", (re)introducing predators +"With the given context: 'Appian Way Productions is a film production company in West Hollywood, California, established by actor and producer Leonardo DiCaprio. As of 2016, the company has produced 14 feature films, five documentaries and a television show. It has frequently collaborated with Martin Scorsese, who has directed some of the company's most well-known films.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Leonardo DiCapril has produced 14 feature films.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Leonardo DiCapril has produced 14 feature films.,{ entailment } We do not know if DiCaprio himself produced 14 films. +"Given the context: 'In my home province of Prince Edward Island during one year alone there were 6,845 calls received by Transition House Association; 1,201 calls received by the Child Abuse Line; and 757 new cases opened by Victims Services, of which 108 were sexual abuse cases, 242 wife abuse cases, and 46 other family abuse cases.' , classify the statement: 'Transition house is located at 1201 Child Abuse Line.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Transition house is located at 1201 Child Abuse Line.,{ neutral } I just made the address up by using the names of two of the agencies mentioned and one of the numbers of calls made. It is completely fabricated. I think the system just looks for words/numbers from the text. +"From the facts presented in 'St. Joseph's School is a historic former school building on Birch Street in Biddeford, Maine. Built in 1887, it was one of the first large masonry schools to be built in the state, and became a focal point for the migration of French Canadians into the state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It has been converted to residential use.' , decide if the statement: 'French Canadians migrated into Biddeford, Me before moving on to other states.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","French Canadians migrated into Biddeford, Me before moving on to other states.",{ entailment } We have no idea where the French Canadians went after being in Biddeford. The system must not have known that we don't know where they ended up. +"Given the premise: 'Never Shout Never is an EP by Never Shout Never which was released on December 8, 2009. The physical release is sold exclusively at Hot Topic. The EP features two songs from his then upcoming Sire Records full-length debut, ""What is Love?"", one song that is a B-side from ""The Summer EP"" and one live track.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'metalinguistic' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",metalinguistic,"{ neutral } Never Shout Never released ""Never Shout Never"" in 2009. The system couldn't apply logic to the wording." +" On the night of 10 August in Washington, American Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III were tasked with dividing the Korean Peninsula into Soviet and U.S. occupation zones and proposed the 38th parallel. This was incorporated into America's General Order No. 1 which responded to the Japanese surrender on 15 August. Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel, Rusk observed, ""even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces, in the event of Soviet disagreement...we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops"". He noted that he was ""faced with the scarcity of US forces immediately available, and time and space factors, which would make it difficult to reach very far north, before Soviet troops could enter the area"". As Rusk's comments indicate, the Americans doubted whether the Soviet government would agree to this. Stalin, however, maintained his wartime policy of co-operation, and on 16 August the Red Army halted at the 38th parallel for three weeks to await the arrival of U.S. forces in the south. Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel? ",Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?, Stalin +" Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits. What does temperature impact on tool kits? ",What does temperature impact on tool kits?, increased variability of tools +"Analyze the premise: 'The Ghost & Mrs. Muir is an American sitcom based on the 1947 film of the same name, which was based on the 1945 novel by R. A. Dick. It premiered in September 1968 on NBC. After NBC canceled the series, it aired on ABC for one season before being canceled a final time. The program is currently seen weekday mornings on the digital subchannel ""GetTV.""' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The audience can watch the second season of The Ghost & Mrs. Muir in the morning from Monday to Friday' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The audience can watch the second season of The Ghost & Mrs. Muir in the morning from Monday to Friday,"{ neutral } Reason: The audience can watch any season of The Ghost & Mrs. Muir in the mornings of weekdays on ""GetTV"", not just the second season. It was difficult for the system because the context said the series was cancelled after the first season aired on ABC." +" Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between ""important"" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that ""a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details."" What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation? ",What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?, Wayman v. Southard +"From the information in: 'The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane was one of four known tropical cyclones that have made landfall in New York City. Another, even more intense hurricane in pre-Columbian times (sometime between 1278 and 1438) left evidence that was detected in southern New Jersey by paleotempestological research. The third was the 1893 New York hurricane, and the fourth was Hurricane Irene in 2011.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The first tropical cyclone that hit New York City is only known from recent research.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The first tropical cyclone that hit New York City is only known from recent research.,{ neutral } The first cyclone was from pre-Columbian times and discovered by researchers from evidence in New Jersey. I think the system doesn't understand the vagueness of the sentence. +"Given the premise: 'Baaghi 2 is an upcoming Indian martial arts film directed by Ahmed Khan, written by Sanjeev Datta and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under the banners Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment and Fox Star Studios. The film features Tiger Shroff and Disha Patani in lead roles. It is a sequel to the 2016 film ""Baaghi.""' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Baaghi featured Disha Patani in a lead role.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Baaghi featured Disha Patani in a lead role.,"{ entailment } While sequels usually feature actors from the previous film, it may be that Disha Patani is a new character that is featured in the sequel. I think the system got confused between Baaghi 1 and 2. " +"Using the premise: 'The Great Mall of the Bay Area (often simply called The Great Mall) is a large indoor outlet shopping mall in Milpitas, California built by Ford Motor Land Development and Petrie Dierman Kughn in 1994. It was acquired by Mills Corporation in 2003, and by the Simon Property Group in April 2007. The mall contains approximately 1.4 million square feet of gross leaseable area.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Petrie Dierman Kughn died in 2006' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Petrie Dierman Kughn died in 2006,{ contradiction } It is neither correct or incorrect because we know the mall changed ownership in 2007 but we do not know if it because Petrie Dierman Kughn died or if he just sold it +"With the given context: 'How to teach your dog to get a beer
Make the fridge easy to open for your dog. Although your dog will likely get into anything you leave out, you probably take for granted the fact he can't get into the refrigerator. To make it easier for him, hang something from the handle of the refrigerator door.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Any dog can deliver beer' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Any dog can deliver beer,{ contradiction } It is unknown if all dogs could be trained for this +"Considering the context: 'Rana told a delegation of the Nepal Trans-Himanlyan Trade Association, the only non-governmental organization which has trade relations with China, who informed the minister of the problems existing in the bilateral trade sector.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Nepal has trade relations with the United Stattes' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Nepal has trade relations with the United Stattes,"{ contradiction } Literally nothing about the US is mentioned here. Given the context, you can not definitively say this is true or false. The system got confused because it thinks I'm saying something opposite of the prompt, not something unrelated" +" On 10 October, hostilities began between German and French republican forces near Orléans. At first, the Germans were victorious but the French drew reinforcements and defeated the Germans at the Battle of Coulmiers on 9 November. After the surrender of Metz, more than 100,000 well-trained and experienced German troops joined the German 'Southern Army'. The French were forced to abandon Orléans on 4 December, and were finally defeated at the Battle of Le Mans (10–12 January). A second French army which operated north of Paris was turned back at the Battle of Amiens (27 November), the Battle of Bapaume (3 January 1871) and the Battle of St. Quentin (13 January). Of the three battles that occured north of Paris, which was the first that forced the French army to retreat? ","Of the three battles that occured north of Paris, which was the first that forced the French army to retreat?", Battle of Amiens +"From the facts presented in 'How to get vitamin d naturally
Learn how the sun creates vitamin d. Sunlight is a form of radiation that has two forms, ultraviolet a (uva) and ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation. Your main source of vitamin d occurs when uvb radiation strikes your skin. When this happens, the first steps of vitamin d synthesis in your body is triggered.' , decide if the statement: 'sunlight comes in less than 5 forms' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",sunlight comes in less than 5 forms,{ contradiction } Sunlight is said to come in 2 forms which is assuredly less than 5 +"Using the premise: 'Raffaella Modugno is an Italian model who was crowned ""Miss Curve d'Italia Lazio 2011"" (""Miss Curvy Italy 2011""). She was the cover model of the German ""Maxim"" (2012) and Indian ""GQ"" (2013), and modeled for brands such as Dolce & Gabbana, Roberto Coin and Prada. In the end of 2013 she played a main role in the video for the song ""Timber"" by Pitbull.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Raffaella Modugno modeled before 2009' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Raffaella Modugno modeled before 2009,{ contradiction } 2009 wasnt mentioned in statement +"Examine the information in 'Philip Ramos (born April 6, 1956) is the Assembly member for the 6th District of the New York Assembly. He is a Democrat. The district includes portions of the town of Islip, including Bay Shore, Brentwood, Central Islip and Islandia in Suffolk County on Long Island' Is the statement: 'Philip Ramos' district includes small portions of the town of Islip.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Philip Ramos' district includes small portions of the town of Islip.,{ entailment } It doesn't say how big or small the portions of Islip are. +"With the given context: 'The 1987–88 Iraq FA Cup was the 11th edition of the Iraq FA Cup. The tournament was won by Al-Rasheed for the second consecutive time, beating Al-Zawraa 4–3 on penalties in the final after a 0–0 draw. Al-Rasheed won the 1987–88 Iraqi National League as well to complete their second double in a row. It was also Al-Zawraa's first FA Cup final defeat.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The 1987–88 Iraq FA Cup was the 11th edition of the Iraq FA Cup. The tournament was won by Al-Rasheed for the second consecutive time, beating Al-Zawraa 5–3 on penalties in the final after a 0–0 draw.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","The 1987–88 Iraq FA Cup was the 11th edition of the Iraq FA Cup. The tournament was won by Al-Rasheed for the second consecutive time, beating Al-Zawraa 5–3 on penalties in the final after a 0–0 draw.",{ entailment } They won 4-3 on penalties. Less important info +" Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ranges, because of the lack of stopover or feeding sites, or the lack of thermal columns for broad-winged birds. Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges? ",Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges?, the lack of stopover or feeding sites +" In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest. What did the government do when it halted reforms? ",What did the government do when it halted reforms?, started an anti-separatist campaign +" During the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival of Christians, first nation Hawaiian aesthetics, such as dark skin and ample bodies, had been considered signs of nobility. No matter how much they adapted their mannerisms to Western standard, some of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries were relentless in referring to the indigenous women as ""Hawaiian squaws."" By the last half of the 19th century, some Hawaiian women began marrying European men who found them exotic. The men, however, selected Hawaiian women who were thinner and paler in complexion. Who brought Christian missionaries to Hawaii? ",Who brought Christian missionaries to Hawaii?, traders +"Examine the information in 'Payless Car Rental, Inc. is a car rental company owned by Avis Budget Group and headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida. While mainly a franchise system, the company owns and operates several corporate locations. Payless Car Rental, Payless Car Sales, Payless Parking and REZlink International are sister companies under the umbrella of Avalon Global Group.' Is the statement: 'Avalon Global Group is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Avalon Global Group is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida.","{ entailment } The information only states that Avis is headquartered in Florida. This might confuse the AI because the data inputs include ""Florida"", and ""headquartered""." +"Reflect on the information in: 'With the exception of a limitation which illustrates the distinction between forever on the one hand and a definite number on the other, is there any limitation in the clause? Does the promotion, does the preambular recitation of promotion as such place a limit on it?' . Does the hypothesis: 'limitation in the clause is known by bill' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",limitation in the clause is known by bill,{ contradiction } doesn't state either or +"Analyze the premise: 'J. D.'s Revenge is a blaxploitation horror film released in 1976. It starred Glynn Turman and Lou Gossett. The main character becomes an unwilling host for the restless spirit of J.D. Walker, a hustler killed 30 years earlier when he was wrongfully accused of killing his sister.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Glynn Turman had 30 years when he become the main character' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Glynn Turman had 30 years when he become the main character,{ entailment } we don't know the age they had when do the rol +" From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children and adults aged 18–44 years in the United States; private insurance was the second most frequent payer. Among both children and adults in the lowest income communities in the United States there is a higher rates of hospital stays for asthma in 2010 than those in the highest income communities. How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for adults? ",How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for adults?," from $5,200 to $6,600 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Princess Juliane Henriette Ulrike of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Coburg, 23 September 1781 – Elfenau, near Bern, Switzerland, 15 August 1860), also known as Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia (Russian: Анна Фёдоровна ), was a German princess of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (after 1826, the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha) who became the wife of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Princess was born in Switzerland.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Princess was born in Switzerland.,{ contradiction } It says Near a place in Switzerland after her birth date. +" Samba Schools are large, social entities with thousands of members and a theme for their song and parade each year. In Rio Carnival, samba schoolsparade in the Sambadrome (""sambódromo"" in Portuguese). Some of the most famous include GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira, GRES Portela, GRES Imperatriz Leopoldinense, GRES Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, GRES Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, and recently, Unidos da Tijuca and GRES União da Ilha do Governador. Local tourists pay $500–950, depending on the costume, to buy a Samba costume and dance in the parade. Blocos are small informal groups with a definite theme in their samba, usually satirizing the political situation. About 30 schools in Rio gather hundreds of thousands of participants. More than 440 blocos operate in Rio. Bandas are samba musical bands, also called ""street carnival bands"", usually formed within a single neighborhood or musical back-ground. The Carnival industry chain amassed in 2012 almost US$1 billion in revenues. How many members do Samba Schools have? ",How many members do Samba Schools have?, thousands +" The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launched on April 4, 2011. SNTV broadcasts 24 hours a day, and can be viewed both within Somalia and abroad via terrestrial and satellite platforms. What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia? ",What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?, Somali National Television +" Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' chastity, provide tribute labour for the Queen mother, and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be ""induna"" (captain) of the girls and she announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She will be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the King's daughters will be her counterpart. How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance? ",How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?, eight +" New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to ""Peace Frog"" which include the line ""...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..."" This was the first time a rock star had ever been arrested in concert.[citation needed] This event is portrayed in the movie The Doors (1991), starring Val Kilmer as Morrison, with a concert hall in Los Angeles used to depict the New Haven Arena. A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was? ","A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was?", Jim Morrison +"From the facts presented in 'While the beet is roasting, make the vinaigrette: In a bowl, whisk together the orange juice, balsamic vinegar, and extra-virgin olive oil.' , decide if the statement: 'Roasting is a simple process.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Roasting is a simple process.,{ contradiction } Depending on your skill in cooking and what you are roasting it may be a very difficult process. This varies across people and experience. I'm not really sure what influenced the system on this one. +"Examine the information in 'Michael O'Keefe (born Raymond Peter O'Keefe, Jr.; April 24, 1955) is an American film and television actor, known for his roles as Danny Noonan in ""Caddyshack"" and Ben Meechum in ""The Great Santini"" — for which he received a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.' Is the statement: 'Michael O'Keefe was born in 19555' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Michael O'Keefe was born in 19555,"{ entailment } It is stated that Michael O'Keefe was born in 1955 but I added an extra ""5"" so I think that is was made it difficult for the system" +" The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure of distance, and a meter is now defined in terms of how far light travels in a certain amount of time. Two events in Minkowski spacetime are separated by an invariant interval, which can be either space-like, light-like, or time-like. Events that have a time-like separation cannot be simultaneous in any frame of reference, there must be a temporal component (and possibly a spatial one) to their separation. Events that have a space-like separation will be simultaneous in some frame of reference, and there is no frame of reference in which they do not have a spatial separation. Different observers may calculate different distances and different time intervals between two events, but the invariant interval between the events is independent of the observer (and his velocity). In Minkowski spacetime, how can distances in space be measured? ","In Minkowski spacetime, how can distances in space be measured?", by how long light takes to travel that distance +"Examine the information in 'Émile Bertrand Mbamba (born 27 October 1982 in Yaoundé) is a Cameroonian football striker, who currently plays for Indonesia Super League side Persebaya Surabaya. He also played for Vitesse Arnhem, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva, Vitória Setúbal, Arema Malang, Daegu FC and Botev Plovdiv.' Is the statement: 'Mbamba was born the year after 1981.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Mbamba was born the year after 1981.,{ contradiction } Mbamba was born in 1982. The system was confused by the year. +"With the premise: 'Towards Pollution Prevention'', the Standing Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Development recommended that the federal government take action under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act to regulate lead sinkers and jigs by prohibiting the import, sale, manufacture and use of lead sinkers and jigs by May 31, 1997.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Nobody went out of business' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Nobody went out of business,"{ contradiction } It does not say whether or not anybody went out of business due to the ban, therefor making it neither incorrect or correct." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Homebrew is a free and open-source software package management system that simplifies the installation of software on Apple's macOS operating system. Originally written by Max Howell, the package manager has gained popularity in the Ruby on Rails community and earned praise for its extensibility. Homebrew has been recommended for its ease of use as well as its integration into the command line.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Homebrew costs nothing.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Homebrew costs nothing.,{ neutral } It says it is free. That means it costs nothing. +" At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for ""Drunk in Love"", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In August, the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine was unveiled online, Beyoncé as the cover star, becoming the first African-American artist and third African-American woman in general to cover the September issue. She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month. Beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track ""Hymn for the Weekend"" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), which saw release in December. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi announced Beyoncé would perform alongside Coldplay at Super Bowl 50 in February. Knowles has previously performed at four Super Bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th Super Bowl halftime show in 2013. How many awards did Beyonce take home with her at the 57th Grammy Awards? ",How many awards did Beyonce take home with her at the 57th Grammy Awards?, three +" An influential school of phonology in the interwar period was the Prague school. One of its leading members was Prince Nikolai Trubetzkoy, whose Grundzüge der Phonologie (Principles of Phonology), published posthumously in 1939, is among the most important works in the field from this period. Directly influenced by Baudouin de Courtenay, Trubetzkoy is considered the founder of morphophonology, although this concept had also been recognized by de Courtenay. Trubetzkoy also developed the concept of the archiphoneme. Another important figure in the Prague school was Roman Jakobson, who was one of the most prominent linguists of the 20th century. What school was Trubetzkoy a member of? ",What school was Trubetzkoy a member of?, the Prague school. +"Examine the premise: 'Elizabeth ""Long Liz"" Stride (née Gustafsdotter) (27 November 1843 – 30 September 1888) is believed to be a victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer called Jack the Ripper, who killed and mutilated several women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Elizabeth Stride was born around the time of year that Thanksgiving takes place.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Elizabeth Stride was born around the time of year that Thanksgiving takes place.,{ contradiction } Elizabeth was born on November 27. Thanksgiving usually occurs during the end of November. +" Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012 census). The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi). According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands? ","According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands?"," 10,640 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to maintain the warmth of a long distance relationship
Talk to each other often once a day specially at night. If you are busy or can't contact then must drop a line mail or sms. Thanks to internet it has now become very easy to communicate inexpensively with your partner. For plenty of free communication tools check : If possible chat on cam send photos everyday. Defy the distance.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Maintaining long distance relationships requires dedication.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Maintaining long distance relationships requires dedication.,{ neutral } Maintaining long distance relationships is easier with the use of technology. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Henry II (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555), nicknamed ""Sangüesino"" because he was born at Sangüesa, was the King of Navarre from 1517, although his kingdom had been reduced to a small territory north of the Pyrenees by the Spanish conquest of 1512. Henry succeeded his mother, Queen Catherine, upon her death. His father was her husband and co-ruler, King John III, who died in 1516.' , determine if the claim: 'King John III died on 18 April 1516.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",King John III died on 18 April 1516.,"{ entailment } The date and month of his death are never mentioned, so we don't know for sure. It's difficult because April 18 is mentioned elsewhere in the text." +" Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet. Which prime minister was appointed only one time? ",Which prime minister was appointed only one time?, Margaret Thatcher +"Examine the premise: 'MIT Technology Review is a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was founded in 1899 as The Technology Review, and was re-launched without ""The"" in its name on April 23, 1998 under then publisher R. Bruce Journey. In September 2005, it underwent another transition under its then editor-in-chief and publisher, Jason Pontin, to a form resembling the historical magazine.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'MIT Technology Review was initially launched as ""MIT Technology Review"". ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","MIT Technology Review was initially launched as ""MIT Technology Review"". ","{ entailment } The magazine was re-launched without ""The"" in its name on April 23, 1998, which means the initial launch could not possibly have been ""MIT Technology Review""" +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Roque Cinchado is a rock formation, regarded as emblematic of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It lies within the Teide National Park (a World Heritage Site) in the municipality of La Orotava, near the volcano of the same name, in the heart of the island. The Roque Cinchado is one of the largest in the world by altitude, for the entire park totals more than 2000 metres.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Canary Islands' heart is a rock formation called La Orotava near a volcano called Roque Chinchado.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Canary Islands' heart is a rock formation called La Orotava near a volcano called Roque Chinchado.,{ entailment } The rock formation in the heart of the Canary Islands is Roque Chinchado and the volcano is called La Orotava. The system probably got confused by the rearrangement of the key phrases. +"Given the detailed context: 'Black River Entertainment is an independent record label in Nashville, Tennessee, specializing in country music. The company is a partially owned subsidiary of Pegula Sports and Entertainment, which otherwise specializes primarily in professional sports team ownership in Western New York (including the Buffalo Bills, Buffalo Sabres, Buffalo Bandits and Rochester Americans).', judge whether the statement: 'Pegula Sports and Entertainments owns at least 4 professional sports teams in Western New York.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Pegula Sports and Entertainments owns at least 4 professional sports teams in Western New York.,"{ neutral } Pegula Sports and Entertainment own the Buffalo Bills, Buffalo Sabres, Buffalo Bandits and Rochester Americans" +" Hume maintained that all knowledge, even the most basic beliefs about the natural world, cannot be conclusively established by reason. Rather, he maintained, our beliefs are more a result of accumulated habits, developed in response to accumulated sense experiences. Among his many arguments Hume also added another important slant to the debate about scientific method — that of the problem of induction. Hume argued that it requires inductive reasoning to arrive at the premises for the principle of inductive reasoning, and therefore the justification for inductive reasoning is a circular argument. Among Hume's conclusions regarding the problem of induction is that there is no certainty that the future will resemble the past. Thus, as a simple instance posed by Hume, we cannot know with certainty by inductive reasoning that the sun will continue to rise in the East, but instead come to expect it to do so because it has repeatedly done so in the past. Why did Hume say we expect the sun to rise? ",Why did Hume say we expect the sun to rise?, because it has repeatedly done so in the past +" In 1045, the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia. Soon, the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well. The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire. To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative, Gagik II, King of Ani, an Armenian named Roupen, went with some of his countrymen into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia. The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under King Leo I, a descendant of Prince Roupen. When was Cilicia founded? ",When was Cilicia founded?, 6 January 1198 +"With the given context: 'The 1919 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1919 college football season. Head coach Gus Welch led the team to a 2–2 mark in the PCC and 5–2 overall. This year marked the team's adoption of the ""Cougars"" nickname.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Washington State Cougars changed their name to the Washington State Jaguars in 1920.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Washington State Cougars changed their name to the Washington State Jaguars in 1920.,{ contradiction } We don't know if they changed their team name at a later date. +" Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. As slavery became a racial caste, those who were enslaved and others of any African ancestry were classified by what is termed ""hypodescent"" according to the lower status ethnic group. Many of majority European ancestry and appearance ""married white"" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry. What did many with European ancetry ""marry white"" and want to be part of the white society? ","What did many with European ancetry ""marry white"" and want to be part of the white society?", for its social and economic advantages +" In February 1853, the British government of Lord Aberdeen, the prime minister, re-appointed Stratford Canning as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.:110 Having resigned the ambassadorship in January, he had been replaced by Colonel Rose as chargé d'affaires. Lord Stratford then turned around and sailed back to Constantinople, arriving there on 5 April 1853. There he convinced the Sultan to reject the Russian treaty proposal, as compromising the independence of the Turks. The Leader of the Opposition in the British House of Commons, Benjamin Disraeli, blamed Aberdeen and Stratford's actions for making war inevitable, thus starting the process which would eventually force the Aberdeen government to resign in January 1855, over the war. Who was the Prime Minister of the British Government in 1853? ",Who was the Prime Minister of the British Government in 1853?, Lord Aberdeen +" Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant amounts of lignin and is therefore better suited for books, documents and other applications where whiteness of the paper is essential. A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood? ",A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?, lignin +" Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring them down. As well as the small and large systems, for effective air defence there must be intermediate systems. These may be deployed at regiment-level and consist of platoons of self-propelled anti-aircraft platforms, whether they are self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs), integrated air-defence systems like Tunguska or all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms like Roland or SA-8 Gecko. What does SPAAG stand for? ",What does SPAAG stand for?, self-propelled anti-aircraft guns +" The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand. How can a member state use euro coins? ",How can a member state use euro coins?, the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand +"From the information in: '""Treme"" is an American television drama series created by David Simon and Eric Overmyer. It premiered on HBO on April 11, 2010. The series follows the interconnected lives of a group of New Orleanians in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Episode titles are primarily taken from a blues or jazz song. The series concluded on December 29, 2013, after four seasons and 36 episodes.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The drama ""Treme"" played on HBO for less than four years.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The drama ""Treme"" played on HBO for less than four years.","{ contradiction } Treme premiered on April 11, 2010 and concluded on December 29, 2013. That is less than four years." +" Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation, often considered the quintessential testament to the scene. The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years. Who produced the compilation ""No New York""? ","Who produced the compilation ""No New York""?", Eno +" In the greater metropolitan area, 13% of the population live below the poverty line. According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank, Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the ""core"" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years.:55 Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73%. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government aided schools, 175 private schools and 528 community halls in the slum areas.:70 According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families, 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹20000 (US$300) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹24000 (US$360) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.72% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.17% work as child labour, of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.:59 Which percentage of Hyderabad's population is below the poverty line? ",Which percentage of Hyderabad's population is below the poverty line?, 13% +"Given the context: 'Nan followed , looking very important , with a large roll in her hand , and Demi escorted Daisy , both evidently brimful of some delightful secret .
The museum was all in order , and the sunshine among the hop-vines made pretty shadows on the floor as it peeped through the great window .' , classify the statement: 'daisy followed nan through the museum' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",daisy followed nan through the museum,{ neutral } Nan was the person following +" As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next ""BRIC-like"" economies. It is also listed among the ""Next Eleven"" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations. What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio? ",What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio? , 11 percent +" In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a division into five periods. Natufian (1) between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, Khiamian (2) between 10,200-8,800 BC, PPNA: Sultanian (Jericho), Mureybetian, early PPNB (PPNB ancien) (3) between 8,800-7,600 BC, middle PPNB (PPNB moyen) 7,600-6,900 BC, late PPNB (PPNB récent) (4) between 7,500 and 7,000 BC and a PPNB (sometimes called PPNC) transitional stage (PPNB final) (5) where Halaf and dark faced burnished ware begin to emerge between 6,900-6,400 BC. They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad. What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods? ",What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods?," social, economic and cultural characteristics " +" Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., stories, history, chronology), on future events that must be in a predetermined order (e.g., plans, schedules, procedures, timetables), or focused on the observation of past events with the expectation that the events will occur in the future (e.g., processes). The use of a sequence of events occurs in fields as diverse as machines (cam timer), documentaries (Seconds From Disaster), law (choice of law), computer simulation (discrete event simulation), and electric power transmission (sequence of events recorder). A specific example of a sequence of events is the timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. What is a specific example of a sequence of events? ",What is a specific example of a sequence of events?, the timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster +"Given the context: 'Club Atlético Unión de Mar del Plata is an Argentine sports club from Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Province. The club was founded on December 1, 1926, and its main sports are football and basketball. In football, Unión currently plays in the Torneo Argentino A, which is the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system.' , classify the statement: 'Club Atlético Unión de Mar del Plata has been around for 100 years' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Club Atlético Unión de Mar del Plata has been around for 100 years,{ neutral } Club Atlético Unión de Mar del Plata plays basketball in Torneo Argentino A +"With the premise: 'How does Mississippi's restaurant inspection grading work? Find everything you need to know about Mississippi's restaurant and food facility inspection grading system, including the State Department of Health's guidelines to food safety, and the rating system that reflects critical violations.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Alabama has a restaurant and food facility inspection grading system.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Alabama has a restaurant and food facility inspection grading system.,"{ contradiction } The context doesn't give any information about Alabama, just Mississippi. The model seems to think that the information only applies to Mississippi, but there could be an equivalent system in Alabama." +"With the premise: 'British NVC community OV6 (""Cerastium glomeratum"" - ""Fumaria muralis"" ssp. ""boraei"" community) is one of the open habitat communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of six arable weed and track-side communities of light, less-fertile acid soils.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Among the 6 arable weed and track-side communities in the British NVC system, OV6 contains the lightest, least-fertile acid soil.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Among the 6 arable weed and track-side communities in the British NVC system, OV6 contains the lightest, least-fertile acid soil.","{ entailment } The context provides the information that there are at least 6 arable weed and track-side communities of light, less-fertile acid soils, but doesn't say how the OV6 community's soil compares to the other five in that category." +" Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are thought to form. Above a pressure of five bars, the clouds may consist of ammonia, ammonium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and water. Deeper clouds of water ice should be found at pressures of about 50 bars (5.0 MPa), where the temperature reaches 273 K (0 °C). Underneath, clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide may be found. What clouds form between one and five bars on Neptune? ",What clouds form between one and five bars on Neptune? , ammonia and hydrogen sulfide +" Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US. How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members? ",How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members?, 1.8 million +" French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call ""les snacks"" or ""les petits creux"" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc. Creole food is often what? ",Creole food is often what?, spicier +" When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, ""transmit on"") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a ""handshaking"" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow; it persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique. On some systems Control-S retains its meaning but Control-Q is replaced by a second Control-S to resume output. The 33 ASR also could be configured to employ Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) to start and stop the tape punch; on some units equipped with this function, the corresponding control character lettering on the keycap above the letter was TAPE and TAPE respectively. What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop? ",What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop?, a Control-S +"Reflect on the information in: 'Rod Blagojevich, the former governor of the US state of Illinois, was indicted on Thursday on charges of corruption for allegedly planning to ""sell"" Barack Obama's Senate seat when the latter vacated it to become President. Five of his advisers, including Blagojevich's brother Robert, were also indicted. The others are former fundraiser, Christopher Kelly, former chief of staff John Harris, former aide Lon Monk, and the lobbyist William Cellini.' . Does the hypothesis: 'A grand jury decided there was enough evidence to conduct a trial for Rob Blagojevich.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",A grand jury decided there was enough evidence to conduct a trial for Rob Blagojevich.,"{ neutral } The text said Rod Blagojevich was indicted, which means a grand jury heard evidence and decided there was enough for it to go to trial, so it is definitely correct by definition. " +"Given the context: 'The Argentine Grand Prix (Spanish: ""Gran Premio de Argentina"") was a round of the Formula One championship, held intermittently from to , all at the same autodrome in the Argentine national capital of Buenos Aires. Argentine president Juan Perón was the driving force behind the creation of the circuit, after seeing the success of the country's own Juan Manuel Fangio.' , classify the statement: 'Juan Manuel was responsible for the creation of the Argentine Grand Prix' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Juan Manuel was responsible for the creation of the Argentine Grand Prix,"{ entailment } While Juan Manuel's success inspired Juan Peron to create the circuit, it was not him who was responsible for the Grand Prix being there." +" The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interest in mandolin ensembles, with little success. However, The ""Loar"" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument. What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin? ",What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin?, Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson +"From the information in: 'Sammy Gutiérrez (born 31 December 1985), is a Mexican professional boxer in the Strawweight division. Guty was born in San Martín Texmelucan de Labastida, Puebla, Mexico. On October 23, 2010, he became the interim WBA Minimumweight champion by beating Colombian Luis Carrillo by 3rd round TKO.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Sammy Gutierrez's nickname was Guty.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sammy Gutierrez's nickname was Guty.,{ neutral } The article calls Sammy Gutierrez Guty when referring to him. +"From the facts presented in 'Samuel Murez, born October 22, 1982, is a Franco-American director, choreographer, film-maker, editor, composer, producer, and dancer. He has been a member of the Paris Opera Ballet since 2001. He has been the artistic director of 3e étage, an independent group of soloists and dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet, since its founding in 2004.' , decide if the statement: 'Samuel Murez is the manager of a group of soloists and dancers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Samuel Murez is the manager of a group of soloists and dancers.,"{ entailment } The context states that Murez is a manager, director, etc. at the Paris Opera Ballet. However, it explicitly states that he is the artistic director for 3e etage, not the manager of the group. Being an artistic director could mean that he manages them, too." +" Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him ""one last chance"" to fulfil his promises, despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration. However, it did speak of its hope that the Conservatives (led by Michael Howard) would one day be fit for a return to government. This election (Blair had declared it would be his last as prime minister) resulted in Labour's third successive win but with a much reduced majority. What did Blair state about the 2005 election? ",What did Blair state about the 2005 election?, it would be his last as prime minister +"Reflect on the information in: 'State Route 204 (SR 204) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in Hancock County. It runs from State Route 3 in Trenton, passing State Route 184 in Lamoine, and ending at the intersection with Seal Point and Marlboro Beach roads. The route is 6.5 mi long.' . Does the hypothesis: 'State Route 204 is more than 6 miles long.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",State Route 204 is more than 6 miles long.,"{ contradiction } It is 6.5 miles long, which is more than 6." +" In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the ""Industrial Prince"". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds. What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards? ","What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?", Industrial Prince +" Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows some animals to organize hunts of creatures that would easily escape a single predator; thus chimpanzees can prey upon colobus monkeys, and Harris's hawks can cut off all possible escapes for a doomed rabbit. Extreme specialization of roles is evident in some hunting that requires co-operation between predators of very different species: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants. Social predation is often very complex behavior, and not all social creatures (for example, domestic cats) perform it. Even without complex intelligence but instinct alone, some ant species can destroy much larger creatures. What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys? ",What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys?, Social predation +"From the facts presented in 'Phillip Calvert (1626 – 1682), also known as Philip Calvert, was the fifth Governor of Maryland during a brief period in 1660 or 1661. He was appointed by the royally chartered proprietor of Maryland, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715), as a caretaker to replace Lt. Gen Josias Fendall (1628–1682), the fifth/sixth? provincial governor.' , decide if the statement: 'Phillip Calvert resigned from office.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Phillip Calvert resigned from office.,{ contradiction } Its not clear how he left office. +"Considering the context: 'Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968. The American Journal of Physics commented, ""Luis Alvarez was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century.""' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Luis Walter Alvarez was 79 when he died.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Luis Walter Alvarez was 79 when he died.,"{ neutral } Based on dates given, my statement is incorrect. System probably can't do the math." +"Given the detailed context: 'Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater. It is a sequel to the long-running musical ""The Phantom of the Opera"" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel ""The Phantom of Manhattan"", by Forsyth.', judge whether the statement: 'Love Never Dies is based on a book written by four men.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Love Never Dies is based on a book written by four men.,"{ contradiction } The book was written by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater. That is four different men." +"With the given context: 'Zebrie Sanders (born December 4, 1989) is a gridiron football offensive tackle. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He was considered one of the best offensive tackle prospects for the 2012 NFL Draft.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Zebrie Sanders was athletic' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Zebrie Sanders was athletic,{ neutral } System does not assume a professional athlete is necessarily athletic +"Analyze the premise: 'Ailes Gilmour (January 27, 1912 - April 16, 1993) was a Japanese American dancer who was one of the young pioneers of the American Modern Dance movement of the 1930s. She was one of the first members of Martha Graham's dance company. Ailes' older brother was sculptor Isamu Noguchi.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The American Modern Dance movement had its first pioneers in the 1940's.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The American Modern Dance movement had its first pioneers in the 1940's.,"{ entailment } She was a pioneer in the 1930's, prior to the 1940's." +" Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called ""firmware"". What type of ""ware"" is a BIOS ROM in a PC? ","What type of ""ware"" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?", software +" Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status. What type of governments are included in federalism? ",What type of governments are included in federalism? , general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments +"Considering the context: 'If the Liberals had listened to Reform in 1993 the government could have been investing in a farm safety net to protect farmers who are getting hammered by European Union subsidies and unfair trade practices by the U.S. So far there has been no response from the agriculture minister to Reform's proposals.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The minister is working on a solution' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The minister is working on a solution,"{ contradiction } This statement is neither correct nor incorrect, because we do not know what the minister is currently working on based on this context. The system may have thought the minister's lack of response indicates a lack of work, which is not necessarily the case" +" The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before they were eroded. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to any road running east-west. In what era did the mountains form? ",In what era did the mountains form?, Ordovician Period +" At the foundation of the Order, the ""Medal of the Order of the British Empire"" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the ""British Empire Medal"". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled ""A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System"" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was ""now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population"". When was it stopped being rewarded? ",When was it stopped being rewarded?, 1993 +" Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour. Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell? ","Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell?", Key Biscayne +" During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe. In the 15th century, twenty-eight new ones were created, with another eighteen added between 1500 and 1625. This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) – this was close to a 500% increase over the number of universities toward the end of the Middle Ages. This number does not include the numerous universities that disappeared, or institutions that merged with other universities during this time. It should be noted that the identification of a university was not necessarily obvious during the Early Modern period, as the term is applied to a burgeoning number of institutions. In fact, the term ""university"" was not always used to designate a higher education institution. In Mediterranean countries, the term studium generale was still often used, while ""Academy"" was common in Northern European countries. How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century? ",How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century?, 143 +" Guinea fowl originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris). It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colourful wattles and a knob on top, and was domesticated by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guinea fowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months. What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans? ",What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans?, roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. +" St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as ""Outer Ring Road"" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. Outer Ring Road is a another name for what? ",Outer Ring Road is a another name for what?, The divided highway +"Using the premise: 'Hugh Ferriss (1889 – 1962) was an American delineator (one who creates drawings and sketches of buildings) and architect. After his death a colleague said he 'influenced my generation of architects' more than any other man. Ferriss also influenced popular culture, for example Gotham City (the setting for Batman) and Kerry Conran's ""Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Hugh Ferriss first started his work as an architect in the very cold winter of 1889' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Hugh Ferriss first started his work as an architect in the very cold winter of 1889,{ neutral } He could not start working as an architect in the same year that he was born +"With the given context: 'Samuel Murez, born October 22, 1982, is a Franco-American director, choreographer, film-maker, editor, composer, producer, and dancer. He has been a member of the Paris Opera Ballet since 2001. He has been the artistic director of 3e étage, an independent group of soloists and dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet, since its founding in 2004.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Samuel Murez celebrates his birthday on October 22.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Samuel Murez celebrates his birthday on October 22.,"{ neutral } We know he was born, so thats the day he celebrates his birthday." +" Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans? ",Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans?, unclear +"Consider the premise in: 'Ezege Chiefs 2 Synopsis: This 2017 Latest Nigerian Nollywood Movie is an interesting african movie. Chiefs must go is set in a village, where there is competition in terms of who to marry. The parents see their children as investment and would want to marry off their daughters to the rich. A lot of lobbying, back-stabbing going on, watch the movie to find out the true story. Enjoy!' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'in 2018, it had already occurred that Ezege Chiefs 2 was released.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","in 2018, it had already occurred that Ezege Chiefs 2 was released.","{ contradiction } It came out in 2017, which means that by 2018 it had already been released. The statement is definitely correct. " +"Given the premise: 'The Santos-Dumont No. 6 was an airship designed and built by the Brazilian pioneer aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. In 1901 it was used by him to win the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize for a return from Parc Saint Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back. It is considered by many to be the first truly successful airship.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The first successful airship flew to Paris.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The first successful airship flew to Paris.,"{ neutral } The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, but Paris was not mentioned in the context." +" Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In 1857 Tucson became a stage station on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and in 1858 became 3rd division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail until the line shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, however following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.[citation needed] Arizona is south of which river? ",Arizona is south of which river?, Gila River +"Examine the information in 'Mud
Rick liked playing in the mud. But everyone thought it was too dirty. That didn't stop him however. And he continued to do what made him happy. But a few weeks later, he was hospitalized for a disease.' Is the statement: 'Rick was hospitalized for a disease because he played in the dirty mud.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Rick was hospitalized for a disease because he played in the dirty mud.,"{ neutral } Rick, took a microbe from the mud and he became ill, because the mud was dirty." +" The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol. Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? ",Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? , the 18th century +" Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size. Stress testing is a way to test reliability under unexpected or rare workloads. Stability testing (often referred to as load or endurance testing) checks to see if the software can continuously function well in or above an acceptable period. What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads? ",What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads?, Stress testing +"From the facts presented in 'Mama the Frog
Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months. We put her in a large aquarium in the living room. We filled it up with rocks and sticks, and a little water. We bought flies for her from the bait shop. One day my brother decided to dissect her instead of keeping her.' , decide if the statement: 'Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months as to be living in a very small location' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months as to be living in a very small location,{ entailment } wrong +" From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. As the field developed it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender.[citation needed] Cultural studies has a concern with the meaning and practices of everyday life. These practices comprise the ways people do particular things (such as watching television, or eating out) in a given culture. This field studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Watching television in order to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture, unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends in order to ""fit in"" certainly qualifies, since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. Recently, as capitalism has spread throughout the world (a process called globalization), cultural studies has begun[when?] to analyze local and global forms of resistance to Western hegemony.[citation needed] Globalization in this context can be defined as western civilization in other ways, it undermines the cultural integrity of other culture and it is therefore repressive, exploitative and harmful to most people in different places. Who did Stuart Hall work along side with? ",Who did Stuart Hall work along side with?," Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie " +"With the premise: '1/12 Top 12 cities for exploring on foot Wandering around is by far the best way to get your bearings in a new city, not to mention the cheapest. The Lonely Planet has come up with a list of the world's best cities for walking - as voted by its readers. 12. Sydney A trip to Sydney is not complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge. It's also an easy walk to the opera house at circular quay, then up through the Royal Botanic Gardnens and into the heart of the shopping and business district. Getty Images' , decide if the hypothesis: 'A trip to Sydney is complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",A trip to Sydney is complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge.,"{ entailment } The original passage states the trip would ""not be complete"" not that it would be complete." +"Analyze the premise: 'Wayne State University (WSU) is a public research university located in Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1868, WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering nearly 350 programs to more than 27,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Wayne State University is Michigan's third-largest university and one of the 100 largest universities in the United States.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Detroit has a university that is at least 145 years old' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Detroit has a university that is at least 145 years old,"{ neutral } WSU, in Detroit is 151 years old" +" Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, ""and"", i, ""and even"" or ale, ""but""). In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what? ",In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?, a verb +"Given the context: 'SEOUL, Oct 24 (Reuters) - South Korea, the United States and Japan started a two-day missile tracking drill on Tuesday, South Korea's military said, in preparation for any missile or nuclear threats from North Korea. The exercises will be held in waters off the coasts of South Korea and Japan, the South Korean military said in a statement. The drills have been taking place every few months following an agreement made during a Security Consultative Meeting between South Korea and the United States last year. (Reporting by Christine Kim; Editing by Paul Tait)' , classify the statement: 'The drills have taken place no more than twice.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The drills have taken place no more than twice.,{ entailment } It said that the drills have been taking part every few months since the prior year and the date is late February. It had to have taken place more than twice in that time if it is repeating every few months. It should have taken place more than twice. +" The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. There have since been many other emulators. The Virtual Console for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Wii U also offers emulation of many NES games. When was NESticle released? ",When was NESticle released?," April 3, 1997 " +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Nariphon (Thai: นารีผล ), also known as Makkaliphon (Thai: มักกะลีผล , from Pali ""makkaliphala""), is a tree in Buddhist mythology which bears fruit in the shape of young female creatures. The maidens grow attached by their head from the tree branches. This tree grows at the Himaphan, a mythical forest where the female fruits are enjoyed by the Gandharvas who cut the fruits and take them away.' , determine if the claim: 'The fruit of the tree does not resemble male creatures.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The fruit of the tree does not resemble male creatures.,{ contradiction } The fruit resembles female creatures. The system was confused by the wording. +"Given the premise: 'Wings Greatest is a compilation album by Wings and is their eighth album as well as Paul McCartney's 10th since leaving the Beatles. It is notable as being the first official retrospective release from McCartney's post-Beatles career. Excepting interest in its vinyl LP mix, this collection has been superseded by the releases of ""All the Best!"", """" and ""Pure McCartney"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Wings was a band McCartney was a part of.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Wings was a band McCartney was a part of.,{ neutral } McCartney was in Wings. The system was confused by the context. +" Aeromedical Evacuation is ""the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation"" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as ""the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic and/or contracted mobility airframes, with aircrew trained explicitly for this mission."" Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations. Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? ",Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? , Health Service Support +"Reflect on the information in: 'I'm for working with the groups, not just with industry but also with the citizen groups and local communities to control sprawl in ways that the local communities themselves come up with. But I disagree that we don't know the cause of global warming.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Global warming is caused by the sun.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Global warming is caused by the sun.,{ contradiction } No one really knows the cause of global warming. It could be the sun and then again it could be something else. +" DC systems (especially third-rail systems) are limited to relatively low voltages and this can limit the size and speed of trains and cannot use low-level platform and also limit the amount of air-conditioning that the trains can provide. This may be a factor favouring overhead wires and high-voltage AC, even for urban usage. In practice, the top speed of trains on third-rail systems is limited to 100 mph (160 km/h) because above that speed reliable contact between the shoe and the rail cannot be maintained. Why DC system can effect the speed of trains? ",Why DC system can effect the speed of trains?, low voltages +"Examine the information in 'Battle back
Sally had been sick for many weeks. She was feeling better. Her and a friend decided to go for a walk. It was great for Sally to get some fresh air. She felt much better after getting out of the house.' Is the statement: 'Sally felt better after going for a walk because getting fresh air cures you if you're sick.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sally felt better after going for a walk because getting fresh air cures you if you're sick.,"{ neutral } The original statement was pretty clear that Sally felt better before going for a walk, and that the fresh air made her feel better because she was tired of being cooped up. Even if you think that fresh air does cure sickness, the sentence is incorrect. I think the system did not distinguish well between the two separate instances of feeling better in the original statement." +" The GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademark ""chime"" when discovering secrets. The player controls Link's sword by swinging the Wii Remote. Other attacks are triggered using similar gestures with the Nunchuk. Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special ""lookaround"" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g] What sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game? ",What sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game?, chime +" As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians. How long have Christians made up nearly 1/3rd of the population? ",How long have Christians made up nearly 1/3rd of the population?, 100 years +" Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow. What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form? ",What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?, oil and natural gas +" Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city. Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the Ku Klux Klan beginning in 1915. ""By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK,"" whose members opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants, as well as black Americans. The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic Works Progress Administration organizer. A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder. What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called? ",What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called?, The Great Migration +" Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas. What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar? ",What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?, removal of the dividing wall or partition +"Given the context: 'Naura Hayden, originally ""Norah Helene Hayden"" (September 29, 1930 – August 10, 2013) in New York, New York) was an author (under that name), who worked in entertainment also as Nora Hayden and in modeling as Helene Hayden and was the daughter of Los Angeles Times reporter John Hayden and his wife (née Bussens). An aunt was Phyllis McGinley Hayden. She was a long-time resident of New York City.' , classify the statement: 'Naura Hayden was 82 when she passed.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Naura Hayden was 82 when she passed.,"{ neutral } If Naura Hayden was born in September 29, 1930 and she died on August 10, 2013, then she would have been 82 years old." +"Analyze the premise: 'There Is a Man in Our House (Arabic: رَجِل بيتِنا في‎ ‎ Fi baitina rajul) is a 1961 Egyptian drama, history, romance film directed by Henry Barakat, an Egyptian film director of Lebanese origin. The film is based on a novel by an Egyptian writer, Ihsan Abdel Quddous, and stars Omar Sharif.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The film is over 92 years old' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The film is over 92 years old,"{ entailment } The film is only about 60 years old, not even close to being over 92 years old. I'm not sure why it was difficult for the system." +" In the revival movement France held a foremost place, owing to the reputation and convincing power of the orator, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861). He took the habit of a Friar Preacher at Rome (1839), and the province of France was canonically erected in 1850. From this province were detached the province of Lyon, called Occitania (1862), that of Toulouse (1869), and that of Canada (1909). The French restoration likewise furnished many laborers to other provinces, to assist in their organization and progress. From it came the master general who remained longest at the head of the administration during the 19th century, Père Vincent Jandel (1850–1872). Here should be mentioned the province of St. Joseph in the United States. Founded in 1805 by Edward Fenwick, afterwards first Bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio (1821–1832), this province has developed slowly, but now ranks among the most flourishing and active provinces of the order. In 1910 it numbered seventeen convents or secondary houses. In 1905, it established a large house of studies at Washington, D.C., called the Dominican House of Studies. There are now four Dominican provinces in the United States. What country held a prominent place in the revival movement? ",What country held a prominent place in the revival movement?, France +" Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA. What was Rommel's rank? ",What was Rommel's rank?, Generalfeldmarschall +"Examine the information in 'How to put unpublished writing on line
Search on line for prospects to send to by typing "" internet writing opportunities "" in the search box. There are many to choose from. Just don't waste your time by paying for someone else to get you started.' Is the statement: 'Use your phone, computer, or other device to perform online searches for ""internet writing opportunities"".' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Use your phone, computer, or other device to perform online searches for ""internet writing opportunities"".","{ neutral } An online search is referenced, there are many ways to access online search engines." +"Analyze the premise: 'Frame by Frame is the debut solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Cassadee Pope, lead vocalist of pop punk band Hey Monday and winner of the third season of ""The Voice"". It was released on October 8, 2013 by Republic Nashville. The album was produced by Dann Huff with additional production from Nathan Chapman on three tracks, and Max Martin and Shellback on one.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Cassadee Pope has no middle name.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cassadee Pope has no middle name.,{ contradiction } Reason: Doesn't say in the context. Why: AI thinks everyone has a middle name. +" As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican. What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010? ",What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?, just under 7% +" Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order. When is the Monlam Prayer Festival? ",When is the Monlam Prayer Festival?, between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month +" On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners. This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approvals), suburban (51.2% approvals), and isolated cities (51.3% approvals) of Switzerland as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in the canton of Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) of Switzerland rather rejected it. Some news commentators claim that this proposal de facto contradicts the bilateral agreements on the free movement of persons from these respective countries. In February of 2014, what did Swiss voters narrowly approve to restrict? ","In February of 2014, what did Swiss voters narrowly approve to restrict?", immigration +"Considering the context: 'There Was a Crooked Man... is a 1970 western starring Kirk Douglas and Henry Fonda and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. This was the only western made by Mankiewicz, director of such notable films as ""All About Eve"", ""Guys and Dolls"" and ""Cleopatra"". It was written by David Newman and Robert Benton, their first script after ""Bonnie and Clyde"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Guys and Dolls is a musical.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Guys and Dolls is a musical.,"{ contradiction } Guys and Dolls is mentioned, but it is not stated what sort of film it is." +" Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats. What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection? ",What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?, eyeglasses +" The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties. The most commercially important of these have the distinction of being impervious to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. The negative thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the crystalline ceramic phase can be balanced with the positive CTE of the glassy phase. At a certain point (~70% crystalline) the glass-ceramic has a net CTE near zero. This type of glass-ceramic exhibits excellent mechanical properties and can sustain repeated and quick temperature changes up to 1000 °C. What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance? ",What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance?, lithium and aluminosilicates +"Given the context: 'Climber
Ben was talking his preteen son rock climbing. They went to an indoor rock wall and suited up. Then they climbed side by side, breathing heavily. At the end of the day, both had reached the top, but it was hard! They agreed that they both needed to be a little more fit!' , classify the statement: 'Ben took his son to collect rocks' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Ben took his son to collect rocks,{ neutral } rock climbing +" A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created. If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood? ","If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?", carbon dating + Street Lights are used to light roadways and walkways at night. Some manufacturers are designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures. What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency? ,What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?, photovoltaic luminaires +" In addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing, implying three to four million psychiatric patients. Winston Churchill told Parliament in 1934, ""We must expect that, under the pressure of continuous attack upon London, at least three or four million people would be driven out into the open country around the metropolis."" Panicked reactions during the Munich crisis, such as the migration by 150,000 to Wales, contributed to fear of societal chaos. What was the biggest fear aerial attacks would cause besides death and wounded? ",What was the biggest fear aerial attacks would cause besides death and wounded?, psychological trauma +"Using the premise: 'Anthony ""Tony"" Ulasewicz (December 14, 1918 in New York, United States – December 17, 1997 in Glens Falls, New York) was a figure in the Watergate scandal, delivering hundreds of thousands of dollars in ""hush money"" to Watergate defendants G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt. He also investigated the lives of notable Democrats like Senator Edward M. Kennedy. He was of Polish descent.' , decide if the conclusion: 'New York is the place of his creation and termination' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",New York is the place of his creation and termination,{ neutral } My statement is a fancy way of saying he was born and died in new york. It fooled the model because the model is looking for certain patterns probably +" In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a department store with 20% run by Magasin, but has individual shop owners making it a shopping centre. But in people's mind it remains a department store. Salling has two stores in Jutland with one of these being the reason for the closure of a magasin store due to the competition. What are the 3 main department store companies in Denmark? ",What are the 3 main department store companies in Denmark? ," Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). " +" The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation. Despite the high coercivity of neodymium or samarium-cobalt PMs, continuous torque density is virtually the same amongst electric machines with optimally designed armature winding sets. Continuous torque density relates to method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating of windings or PM damage. What determines continuous torque density? ",What determines continuous torque density?, size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth +" Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business. However, in 1984, Royal Dutch Shell made a bid to purchase those shares of Shell Oil Company it did not own (around 30%) and despite opposition from some minority shareholders, which led to a court case, Shell completed the buyout for a sum of $5.7 billion. What did Royal Dutch Shell's bid to purchase Shell Oil Company's shares lead to? ",What did Royal Dutch Shell's bid to purchase Shell Oil Company's shares lead to?, a court case +"Considering the context: 'The 1932 German football championship, the 25th edition of the competition, ended with the first national title for FC Bayern Munich. The title was won with a 2–0 over Eintracht Frankfurt. It was a replay of the Southern German championship final, in which Eintracht had defeated Bayern 2–0 on 24 April 1932.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Eintracht Frankfurt won the 24th edition of the German Football championship.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Eintracht Frankfurt won the 24th edition of the German Football championship.,{ contradiction } We have no idea who won the 24th edition of the German Football championship. +" HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent. As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births. How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water? ",How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?, just over half +" Between 2000 and 2004 an average of 478 crimes were reported each day in Mexico City; however, the actual crime rate is thought to be much higher ""since most people are reluctant to report crime"". Under policies enacted by Mayor Marcelo Ebrard between 2009 and 2011, Mexico City underwent a major security upgrade with violent and petty crime rates both falling significantly despite the rise in violent crime in other parts of the country. Some of the policies enacted included the installation of 11,000 security cameras around the city and a very large expansion of the police force. Mexico City has one of the world's highest police officer-to-resident ratios, with one uniformed officer per 100 citizens. How many crimes occurred around the turn of the latest century? ",How many crimes occurred around the turn of the latest century? , average of 478 crimes were reported each day +"Using the premise: 'This page is a list of present-day bridges over the River Seine and its channels, sorted by département, and then sorted from downstream to upstream. After each bridge is listed the name of the communes which it links together, with the one on the right bank of the river given first. The list does not include bridges over its tributaries.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The page lists present-day bridges only in Latin regions' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The page lists present-day bridges only in Latin regions,{ contradiction } We do not know what kind of bridges they list on the page +"Analyze the premise: '""Merry Christmas, Charlie Manson!"" is the sixteenth episode in the second season of the American animated television series ""South Park"". The 29th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on December 9, 1998. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with Nancy M. Pimental, and directed by Eric Stough.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The second season of South Park has 18 episodes and was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with Nancy M. Pimental, and directed by Eric Stough.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The second season of South Park has 18 episodes and was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with Nancy M. Pimental, and directed by Eric Stough.",{ contradiction } the statement can not be verified by the passage so it is neither but the AI identified 18 episodes in place of 16th episode and marked it as incorrect. +" The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom holds Supremacy in what jurisdictions? ",The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom holds Supremacy in what jurisdictions?," England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland " +"From the facts presented in 'Knedlington is a small hamlet located in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, and forms part of the civil parish of Asselby. It is situated approximately 1 mi west of the market town of Howden and lies to the west of the B1228 road. The M62 motorway is just over 1 mile to the south-east.' , decide if the statement: 'Howden is south-east of the motorway.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Howden is south-east of the motorway.,"{ neutral } By geographical positioning, Howden would have likely been to the north of the motorway." +"Given the premise: 'Middleton registered 17 points (3-10 FG, 1-3 3Pt, 10-10 FT), two steals, one rebound and one assist across 30 minutes in Wednesday's 110-87 loss to the Pistons. Middleton shot the ball terribly Wednesday night, but made up for it by going a perfect 10-for-10 from the charity stripe. It's discouraging to see such a low shooting percentage, but Middleton is bound to bounce back and it's good to see him getting to the line often.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Middleton has 45 players on their team.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Middleton has 45 players on their team.,"{ contradiction } We do not know from the context how many players are on Middleton'steam, therefore the statement ""Middleton has 45 players on their team"" to be neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" 13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue? ",The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?, C +"Based on the details provided in: 'ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.' , determine if the claim: 'The ALGOL 60 programming language was designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The ALGOL 60 programming language was designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.,"{ entailment } Based on the information provided, the ALGOL 68 was a programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics (and not its predecessor ALGOL 60). This is why the statement is definitely incorrect." +"Examine the information in '[id] is the third studio album by deathcore band Veil of Maya. It was released through Sumerian Records on April 6, 2010. They worked with producer Michael Keene of death metal band The Faceless on this album. Keene previously worked with the band, producing their previous album ""The Common Man's Collapse"". It is the band's only album to feature bassist Matthew C. Pantelis.' Is the statement: 'Sumerian Records was founded before 2000.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sumerian Records was founded before 2000.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say when Sumerian Records was founded, only that it existed in 2010." +"Given the premise: 'Vanessa Jean Dedmon (born 28 April 1987 in Braunfels, Hesse to Russell and Waltraud Dedmon) was a semifinalist on Germany's third season of ""Deutschland sucht den Superstar"" (the German Version of ""Pop Idol"") being voted out by the audience in the Top 3 Show. Dedmon was one of the favourites of the jury.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Vanessa Jean Dedmon is a 32 year old game show contestant.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Vanessa Jean Dedmon is a 32 year old game show contestant.,{ neutral } She was born in 1987 and Deutschland sucht den Superstar is a German game show. +"From the information in: 'The Scarlet Letter (stylized The SCARlet Letter) is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Lil' Mo. It was first released on October 27, 2014 by Penalty Entertainment. Its first and only single, ""Should've Never Let You Go"" preceded its release on September 23, 2014.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Scarlet Letter was first released on October 23, 2014 by Penalty Entertainment.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Scarlet Letter was first released on October 23, 2014 by Penalty Entertainment.","{ entailment } The Scarlet Letter was first released on October 27, not 23. A small change in the date fooled the Ai." +"Examine the information in 'Northern Kings was a Finnish symphonic metal cover supergroup, made up of four well known musicians: Jarkko Ahola from Teräsbetoni, ex-Dreamtale, Marco Hietala from Nightwish and Tarot, Tony Kakko from Sonata Arctica and Juha-Pekka Leppäluoto from Charon and Harmaja.' Is the statement: 'Marco Hietala is not from Nightwish and Sonata Arctica.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Marco Hietala is not from Nightwish and Sonata Arctica.,"{ contradiction } Actually, Marco Hietala is from Nightwish and Tarot, not Sonata Arctica. The model was fooled because the statement was half righ." +"Given the detailed context: 'Let's see if we can do the same tonight, or come close. Governor Bush, the first question goes to you. One of you is about to be elected the leader of the single-most powerful nation in the world, economically, financially, militarily, diplomatically, you name it.', judge whether the statement: 'The speaker this Governor Bush is going to be elected' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The speaker this Governor Bush is going to be elected,{ entailment } The context does not indicate any preference from the speaker +" Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use? ",What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?, formaldehyde +"Consider the premise in: 'Tomás Nistal Fernández (born 31 August 1948) is a former road cyclist from Spain. He was a professional cyclist from 1969 to 1977. He represented his native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, where he finished in 54th place in the men's individual road race.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Fernandez won a medal in the 1973 olympics' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Fernandez won a medal in the 1973 olympics,{ neutral } This is definitely incorrect because the olympics were in 1972 not 1973 +"From the facts presented in 'Brash Young Turks is a 2016 coming-of-age British crime film directed by Naeem Mahmood and co-directed by his brother Ash Mahmood that tells a fast paced struggle love, crime and power, against all odds. The film stars Melissa Latouche, Paul Chiedozie, Tom Bott, Richard Shelton and Julian Glover among a large ensemble cast.' , decide if the statement: 'Brash Young Turks was released 2016 years ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Brash Young Turks was released 2016 years ago.,{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it was released 3 years ago. It's easy to trick the system with this type of question because it always assumes that the answer is correct if the year is also written in the text and the question is structured in this manner. +" Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to resolve without treatment. Also, incorrect or suboptimal antibiotics are prescribed for certain bacterial infections. The overuse of antibiotics, like penicillin and erythromycin, has been associated with emerging antibiotic resistance since the 1950s. Widespread usage of antibiotics in hospitals has also been associated with increases in bacterial strains and species that no longer respond to treatment with the most common antibiotics. What is an example of bad treatment causing resistance? ",What is an example of bad treatment causing resistance?, overuse of antibiotics +"Based on the details provided in: 'Leila Meskhi (Georgian: ლეილა მესხი ; born 5 January 1968) is a retired Georgian professional female tennis player. She was ranked World No. 12 on 5 August 1991. Her best performance at a Grand Slam came when she got to the quarter finals of the 1990 US Open, defeating Akiko Kijimuta, Natasha Zvereva, Katia Piccolini and Linda Ferrando before losing to eventual champion Gabriela Sabatini.' , determine if the claim: 'Leila was 22 during the 1990 US Open.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Leila was 22 during the 1990 US Open.,{ neutral } it is correct because 1990 minus 1968 is 22 but the AI thought new information was added so marked it as neither. +" A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. What platform is a browser used on? ",What platform is a browser used on?, World Wide Web +" Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the ""chief justice"" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province. When was the case against the Gang of Four? ",When was the case against the Gang of Four?, 1980 +"Consider the premise in: 'Every year, about a quarter of all children sustain an injury serious enough to require medical attention, school absences, and/or bed rest.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'A fifth of all kids sustain an injury serious enough to require medical attention, school absences, and/or bed rest.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","A fifth of all kids sustain an injury serious enough to require medical attention, school absences, and/or bed rest.",{ entailment } It said 1/4 and my statement said 1/5. The statement was wrong. +" Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; ""Apology to Constantius"", the ""Apology for his Flight"", the ""Letter to the Monks"", and the ""History of the Arians"". How long did he spend in the desert? ",How long did he spend in the desert?, six years +" Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant. BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers, including current affairs, political and children's programming such as the popular Eòrpa and Dè a-nis?. BBC Wales also produces a large amount of Welsh language programming for S4C, particularly news, sport and other programmes, especially the soap opera Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley'). The UK nations also produce a number of programmes that are shown across the UK, such as BBC Scotland's comedy series Chewin' the Fat, and BBC Northern Ireland's talk show Patrick Kielty Almost Live. What is the name of a political show shown on BBC in Northern Ireland? ",What is the name of a political show shown on BBC in Northern Ireland?, Give My Head Peace +" In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July. Which candidate finished in second place in the Georgia primary? ",Which candidate finished in second place in the Georgia primary?, Edwards +" The women of Tuvalu use cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. The artistic traditions of Tuvalu have traditionally been expressed in the design of clothing and traditional handicrafts such as the decoration of mats and fans. Crochet (kolose) is one of the art forms practiced by Tuvaluan women. The material culture of Tuvalu uses traditional design elements in artefacts used in everyday life such as the design of canoes and fish hooks made from traditional materials. The design of women's skirts (titi), tops (teuga saka), headbands, armbands, and wristbands, which continue to be used in performances of the traditional dance songs of Tuvalu, represents contemporary Tuvaluan art and design. What sea creatures were used in traditional handicrafts? ",What sea creatures were used in traditional handicrafts?, shells +" Last but not least the electric double-layer capacitor (now Supercapacitors) were invented. In 1957 H. Becker developed a ""Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes"". He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors. Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent: ""It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity."". In what component of electrolytic capacitors did Becker believe was similar to the porous carbon electrodes? ",In what component of electrolytic capacitors did Becker believe was similar to the porous carbon electrodes?, the pores of the etched foils +"Analyze the premise: 'Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls, {'1': "", '2': "", '3': "", '4': ""} (9 December 19064 June 1988) was a prominent Aboriginal Australian from the Yorta Yorta people. He was a professional athlete, Churches of Christ pastor and church planter, ceremonial officer and a pioneering campaigner for reconciliation.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Nicholls was born in the early 20th century' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nicholls was born in the early 20th century,{ contradiction } Might not recognize the 20 +" The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years. How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008? ",How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?," 7,500 " +" Chemical communications in animals rely on a variety of aspects including taste and smell. Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ (i.e. taste or smell) to a chemical stimulus where the chemicals act as signals to regulate the state or activity of a cell. A semiochemical is a message-carrying chemical that is meant to attract, repel, and convey information. Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones. One example is the butterfly Phengaris arion which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation. What is a message-carrying chemical called? ",What is a message-carrying chemical called?, semiochemical +" In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook. What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia? ",What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia?, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities +" The radio signal's electrical component induces a voltage in the conductor. This causes an electrical current to begin flowing in the direction of the signal's instantaneous field. When the resulting current reaches the end of the conductor, it reflects, which is equivalent to a 180 degree change in phase. If the conductor is 1⁄4 of a wavelength long, current from the feed point will undergo 90 degree phase change by the time it reaches the end of the conductor, reflect through 180 degrees, and then another 90 degrees as it travels back. That means it has undergone a total 360 degree phase change, returning it to the original signal. The current in the element thus adds to the current being created from the source at that instant. This process creates a standing wave in the conductor, with the maximum current at the feed. What amount of phase change would return a signal to its originial state? ",What amount of phase change would return a signal to its originial state?, 360 degree +"Using the premise: 'Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 181814 July [O.S. 1 July] 1910 ) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is considered to be the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Petipa could play the piano.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Petipa could play the piano.,{ contradiction } The information given neither confirms nor disproves the statement. +" An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called ""Berbera"" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's ""Berber"" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops. What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century? ",What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?, Po-pa-li +"Given the premise: 'How to optimize a press release
Decide the overall goal of the press release. This document should convince readers to do something, whether it is to go to your website, buy a ticket or read more. Pick your audience and brainstorm ways to make the story convincing to your target demographic.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Press release should be interesting in nature.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Press release should be interesting in nature.,"{ neutral } make the story convincing to your target demographic, so it should definitely be an interesting topic" +"With the premise: 'Seven Little Monsters is a children's picture book by American author and illustrator Maurice Sendak. ""Seven Little Monsters"" was published by Harper & Row in 1977 and served as the basis for the Canadian-Chinese television production of the same name (2000-2007).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'A popular author wrote about monsters.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",A popular author wrote about monsters.,"{ neutral } It's correct, but I made the information general enough that the AI missed it." +"With the given context: 'Ekaterina ""Katia"" Alexandrovna Gordeeva (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Гордеева ) (born May 28, 1971) is a Russian (former Soviet) figure skater. Together with her partner and husband, the late Sergei Grinkov, she was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion in pair skating. After Grinkov's death, Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Ekaterina continued performing as a singles skater after she died.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Ekaterina continued performing as a singles skater after she died.,"{ entailment } Ekaterina could not have skated after she died, so she didn't die when she did singles skating." +"Consider the premise in: 'Roberto Javier Mora García (c. 1962 – 16 March 2004) was a Mexican journalist and editorial director of ""El Mañana"", a newspaper based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. He worked for a number of media outlets in Mexico, including the ""El Norte"" and ""El Diario de Monterrey"", prior to his assassination.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Another individual laid waste to Roberto Javier Mora Garcia.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Another individual laid waste to Roberto Javier Mora Garcia.,"{ neutral } The context states that Roberto Javier Mora Garcia was assassinated, so another person had to have ""laid waste to him."" The system most likely had a hard time figuring this out due to it not recognizing the phrase ""laid waste.""" +"Given the context: 'How to become a member of the ymca
Visit your local ymca and see if its facilities will meet your needs. Ymca staff take prospective members on guided tours of the site and can answer all membership questions. Services vary from one facility to another, so be sure to ask about programs of special interest to you.' , classify the statement: 'the ymca does not allow anyone to enter that does not have a membership' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the ymca does not allow anyone to enter that does not have a membership,"{ neutral } the ymca staff take prospective members on tours, therefore they do allow people to enter that do not have a membership. The system may have missed this as it assumes i meant they can use the facilities without being a member" +"Given the context: 'The Mug
Sara loved drinking coffee. She bought a new mug that was really pretty. The first time she used it, she dropped it! Hot coffee splattered everywhere and the mug broke. Sara was so upset!' , classify the statement: 'Sara made coffee.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Sara made coffee.,"{ entailment } The statement is neither correct nor incorrect, because we do not know if Sara made her own coffee. The system may have gotten this wrong because it assumed Sara made the coffee she was drinking. " +"Using the premise: 'Clear Hearts Grey Flowers is the second full-length and final album by Jack Off Jill. Produced by Chris Vrenna of Nine Inch Nails/Tweaker, it was released in July 2000 on the now-defunct label Risk Records. After ""Clear Hearts, Grey Flowers"" the band formally split up and moved on to establish other projects.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Risk Records released Jack Off Jill's initial album.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Risk Records released Jack Off Jill's initial album.,"{ entailment } The second album was released by Risk Records, but the first one is uncertain from the text. I think the computer was confused because so many of the words were similar to the description of the second album." +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Quilts of Valor program was started by a mother looking for a way to help her son. The Iraq War veteran was dealing with what she called ""war demons"" and needed something to comfort him and to help him heal. Thousands of quilters nationwide are busy putting their heart and soul into making quilts to be awarded to veterans as a thank you their service, sacrifice and valor.' , determine if the claim: 'The Quilts of Valor program was started by my mother' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Quilts of Valor program was started by my mother,{ entailment } It's not possible to know if it was started by my mother or not +"Examine the information in 'In Return (CD + EP/10"") is the second release by American stoner metal band Torche. It was released on September 18, 2007 through Robotic Empire in the United States and Rock Action Records in Europe on 15 October. Artwork and design were by Baroness singer John Dyer Baizley.' Is the statement: 'In Return (CD + EP/10"") was released in Europe before it was released in the United States.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","In Return (CD + EP/10"") was released in Europe before it was released in the United States.","{ entailment } It was released in the United States on September 18, 2007 and not released in Europe until October 15, 2007. It may have been difficult because it requires knowledge of the calendar. " +"Based on the details provided in: 'By Starla Pointer • Staff Writer • November 30, 2017 Tweet Linfield presidential finalists to visit Only online subscribers may access this article. One-day subscriptions available for just $2. Subscribe online by clicking here. Already a subscriber, please log in.' , determine if the claim: 'Starla Pointer is a Linfield presidential finalist' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Starla Pointer is a Linfield presidential finalist,"{ neutral } Stara Pointer is the writer of the article, not a presidential finalist" +" In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon. In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a ""high-style"" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection. In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry. It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds. On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil. The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses. What did Beyonce's Fashion Diva feature? ",What did Beyonce's Fashion Diva feature?, House of Deréon collection +"Given the premise: 'The Alfred G. Vanderbilt Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually near the end of July at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. A Grade I event open to horses age three and older, it is a six furlong sprint raced on dirt.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'A six year old horse can not participate in the event' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",A six year old horse can not participate in the event,"{ entailment } According to the statement any horse over three is allowed in the event. So a six year old horse should be able to race with the best of them. This makes my statement false. I think the model might have been tripped up by the word six, or maybe how I structured my question tripped it up." +"Given the context: 'Walter Harris (born 1925) is a British author and broadcaster. He is the author of ten published novels, several volumes of poetry, numerous articles and spoken word recordings. Recordings of his interviews and broadcasts are held at the BBC Sound Archive and the British Library.' , classify the statement: 'His novels are at the BBC Sound Archive' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",His novels are at the BBC Sound Archive,"{ entailment } Recordings of his interviews and broadcasts are held at the BBC Sound Archive, but it does not say his novels are held there" +" Greece played a peripheral role in the war. When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, King Otto of Greece saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had large Greek Christian majorities. However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support. Greece, an Orthodox nation, had considerable support in Russia, but the Russian government decided it was too dangerous to help Greece expand its holdings.:32–40 When the Russians invaded the Principalities, the Ottoman forces were tied down so Greece invaded Thessaly and Epirus. To block further Greek moves, the British and French occupied the main Greek port at Piraeus from April 1854 to February 1857, and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Greeks, gambling on a Russian victory, incited the large-scale Epirus Revolt of 1854 as well as uprisings in Crete. The insurrections were failures that were easily crushed by the Ottoman army. Greece was not invited to the peace conference and made no gains out of the war.:139 The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate. Who stirred up the Epirus Revolt of 1854? ",Who stirred up the Epirus Revolt of 1854?, Greeks +"Analyze the premise: 'Style
Karl was unhappy with his appearance. He felt that his wardrobe lacked style. In an effort to change that fact, he bought a number of magazines. He read through them, observing what the models wore. He stopped because he couldn't imagine himself wearing any of it.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Karl decided to accept himself as he was.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Karl decided to accept himself as he was.,{ contradiction } This statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we do not know what he did after the events in this context were over. The system probably got this wrong because it assumed past behavior predicted future behavior. +"Analyze the premise: 'How to succeed in secondary school (england )
Get your new uniform. New year 7s will need to purchase their uniform for secondary school, but users moving up can still buy uniform if their old one is small or worn out. Secondary schools in england require a uniform so that everyone looks smart, united and sophisticated.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'everyone needs a uniform in secondary' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",everyone needs a uniform in secondary,{ neutral } Secondary schools in england require a uniform +"Examine the premise: 'Camp Al-Saqr, referred to by some media sources as Camp Falcon, Forward Operating Base Falcon, Joint Service Station (JSS) Falcon, or Combat Outpost Falcon, was a United States military forward operating base in Iraq a short distance outside Baghdad, some 13 km south of the Green Zone. In OIF 2004; it was designated as ""Camp Ferrin-Huggins"". s of 2009 , the base housed up to 5,000 troops.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Camp Al-Saqr can house at least 4,000 troops.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Camp Al-Saqr can house at least 4,000 troops.","{ neutral } Camp Al-Saqr can house up to 5,000 troops. The system was confused by the numbers used." +"Reflect on the information in: 'John Zenda (July 21, 1944 – August 3, 1994) was an American actor who starred in films and on television. He is best known for his role in the horror movie ""Halloween II"" as a Marshal. His other well-known role was Supervisor Wagner in the 1983 hit drama movie ""Bad Boys"". His final film was the 1990 movie ""Catchfire"" (1990).' . Does the hypothesis: 'John Zenda was an American actor and Marshal. He played Supervisor Wagner in Bad Boys, his final film.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","John Zenda was an American actor and Marshal. He played Supervisor Wagner in Bad Boys, his final film.","{ entailment } John Zenda was not an actual Marshal, he played one in Halloween II and Bad Boys was not his final film. The system probably saw the key words in order and thought they were correct." +" There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled. What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage? ",What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage?, hold or trip +" Most cases are litigated in state courts and involve claims and defenses under state laws. In a 2012 report, the National Center for State Courts' Court Statistics Project found that state trial courts received 103.5 million newly filed cases in 2010, which consisted of 56.3 million traffic cases, 20.4 million criminal cases, 19.0 million civil cases, 5.9 million domestic relations cases, and 1.9 million juvenile cases. In 2010, state appellate courts received 272,795 new cases. By way of comparison, all federal district courts in 2010 together received only about 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases, while federal appellate courts received 56,000 new cases. How many new cases were filed in 2010? ",How many new cases were filed in 2010?, 103.5 million +" Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications. A relatively recent FET development, the high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), has a heterostructure (junction between different semiconductor materials) of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-gallium arsenide (GaAs) which has twice the electron mobility of a GaAs-metal barrier junction. Because of their high speed and low noise, HEMTs are used in satellite receivers working at frequencies around 12 GHz. HEMTs based on gallium nitride and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN HEMTs) provide a still higher electron mobility and are being developed for various applications. What is the common application of GaAs? ",What is the common application of GaAs?, high-frequency applications +" The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013. How many hotels are on the island? ",How many hotels are on the island?, 3 +"Consider the premise in: 'Olivier Rochus (] ; born 18 January 1981) is a retired Belgian tennis player. He has won two singles titles in his career and in 2004 won the French Open doubles title partnering fellow Belgian Xavier Malisse. Rochus' career-high singles ranking is World No. 24.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Olivier Rochus was 23 when he won the French Open.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Olivier Rochus was 23 when he won the French Open.,{ neutral } 2004-1981=23 +" In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912. Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year? ",Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year?, 1912 +" The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages. There had been other instructions issued by the Pope in 1964, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970 which centered on the reform of all liturgies of the Roman Church. These major reforms were not welcomed by all and in all countries. The sudden apparent ""outlawing"" of the 400-year-old Mass, the last typical edition of which being promulgated only a few years earlier in 1962 by Paul's predecessor, Pope John XXIII, was not always explained well. Further experimentation with the new Mass by liturgists, such as the usage of pop/folk music (as opposed to the Gregorian Chant advocated by Pope Pius X), along with concurrent changes in the order of sanctuaries, was viewed by some as vandalism. In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been ""juridically abrogated"", now being an ""extraordinary form of the Roman Rite"", while the other ""obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy"". What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass? ",What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass?, vernacular +" The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration. London is second only to what city in terms of its foreign population? ",London is second only to what city in terms of its foreign population?, New York City +" The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural council. The Law on Cultural Autonomy for National Minorities was reinstated in 1993. Historically, large parts of Estonia's northwestern coast and islands have been populated by indigenous ethnically Rannarootslased (Coastal Swedes). How many minorities were granted cultural autonomies? ",How many minorities were granted cultural autonomies?," more than 3,000 people " +" A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment. How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany? ",How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany?, 18 +"Consider the premise in: 'White Nights is a 1985 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and choreographed by Twyla Tharp and stars Mikhail Baryshnikov, Gregory Hines, Jerzy Skolimowski, Helen Mirren and Isabella Rossellini. It was shot in Finland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and Austria.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'White Nights was shot in the Ukraine while it was still under the Soviet Union.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",White Nights was shot in the Ukraine while it was still under the Soviet Union.,"{ contradiction } There is nothing to suggest where in the Soviet Union White Nights was shot, so it is neither correct nor incorrect to assume that it was shot in Ukraine or anywhere else within the Soviet Union." +"Given the detailed context: 'Steve Peterson (1950 – July 15, 2008) was an American technical director for NASCAR. He joined NASCAR in 1995 and worked with them up until his death. During his time he worked as a technical director and a safety adviser. He led to the improvement of safety barriers, neck and head restraints as well as seatbelts.', judge whether the statement: 'Steve Peterson worked with NASCAR for 13 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Steve Peterson worked with NASCAR for 13 years.,"{ neutral } Steve Peterson started working with NASCAR in 1995 and worked there until he died in 2008, meaning he was there for 13 years." +"Considering the context: 'The Cornerstone Christian Lady Crusaders were three sets away from claiming a state championship, but fell to Decatur Victory Christian on Saturday in Decatur. The Lady Crusaders were swept in the Texas Christian Athletic Fellowship Division II state final. CCA is coached by Richard Lauer. The team members are Annabelle Steed, Baylee Morton, Stevie McCoy, Berkley Lewis, Reagan Ives, Courtlin Coppenbarger, Marissa Allsup, Grace Crum and Madison Cox.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Cornerstone Christian Lady Crusaders have one a state championship in the past.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Cornerstone Christian Lady Crusaders have one a state championship in the past.,{ entailment } It is not said whether or not they have one in the past. +"From the information in: 'How to make a mini pond
Find a suitable waterproof container or basin. It should measure about 20 centimeter (7.9 in) long and 20 centimeter (7.9 in) wide and 10 centimeter (3.9 in) deep. Clean the container under the running water for 1 minute.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The mini pond can only be 10 centimeters deep' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The mini pond can only be 10 centimeters deep,{ entailment } It never says that it has to be that deep so it could be deeper +" House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as ""Pump Up The Volume"" by MARRS (1987), ""House Nation"" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), ""Theme from S'Express"" by S'Express (1988) and ""Doctorin' the House"" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide. What decade did House music first develop? ",What decade did House music first develop?, 1980s +" ""Hanover"" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover. Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites? ",Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?, German +"Consider the premise in: 'Lost Souls is a 1992 horror novel by American writer Poppy Z. Brite, his first one. It is the only novel-length adventure of Brite's 'Steve and Ghost' characters, popularized in numerous short stories. The novel is an extended version of the short story ""The Seed of Lost Souls"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The movie was written by a woman.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The movie was written by a woman.,{ contradiction } It isn't known the gender of the person who wrote the movie. +"Given the context: 'The American Combat Association is a small mixed martial arts company founded by Olympic wrestler, world Abu Dhabi champion and UFC fighter Kamal Shalorus and professional mixed martial arts fighter, Broadcaster and American professional wrestler Matthew ""The Granimal"" Granahan. ' , classify the statement: 'The American Combat Association was founded by two Olympic wrestlers.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The American Combat Association was founded by two Olympic wrestlers.,"{ entailment } The American Combat Association was founded by one Olympic wrestler not two. The system must have been confused because of the context saying that both founder were some sort of wrestler and interpreted that as both of them being Olympic wrestlers, hence the reason the system thought the statement was correct." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Natalie Anne Merchant (born October 26, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She joined the American alternative/folk rock band 10,000 Maniacs in 1981 and left it to begin her solo career in 1993. She has since released seven studio albums.' , determine if the claim: 'Natalie Anne Merchant was still in the band 10,000 Maniacs in 1993.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Natalie Anne Merchant was still in the band 10,000 Maniacs in 1993.",{ contradiction } Natalie Anne Merchant released her debut solo album after 1993. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Qidong is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nantong in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the north side of the Yangtze River opposite Shanghai and forms a peninsula jutting out into the East China Sea. It has a population of 1.12 million.' , determine if the claim: 'The population of Qidong is more than 1 million, but less than 1.5 million.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The population of Qidong is more than 1 million, but less than 1.5 million.",{ neutral } It's definitely correct because 1.12 million is both greater than 1 million and lower than 1.5 million. I think it's difficult for the system because it's a complex statement requiring multiple comparisons. +" Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to koshari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as ""ta'meyya""), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit. What is a polular green soup of Egypt? ",What is a polular green soup of Egypt?, mulukhiyya +" Perhaps the most prominent, controversial and far-reaching theory in all of science has been the theory of evolution by natural selection put forward by the British naturalist Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species in 1859. Darwin proposed that the features of all living things, including humans, were shaped by natural processes over long periods of time. The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology. Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society, and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of ""man's place in the universe"". In the early 20th century, the study of heredity became a major investigation after the rediscovery in 1900 of the laws of inheritance developed by the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel in 1866. Mendel's laws provided the beginnings of the study of genetics, which became a major field of research for both scientific and industrial research. By 1953, James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms. In the late 20th century, the possibilities of genetic engineering became practical for the first time, and a massive international effort began in 1990 to map out an entire human genome (the Human Genome Project). Who rediscovered the laws of inheritance? ",Who rediscovered the laws of inheritance?, Moravian monk Gregor Mendel +"Analyze the premise: 'Rocky is a series of boxing films based on the eponymous, fictional character Rocky Balboa, played in each film by Sylvester Stallone. The films by order of release date are: ""Rocky"" (1976), ""Rocky II"" (1979), ""Rocky III"" (1982), ""Rocky IV"" (1985), ""Rocky V"" (1990), ""Rocky Balboa"" (2006) and ""Creed"" (2015). The film series has grossed more than $1.4 billion at the worldwide box office.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The last movie in the Rocky series was titled Creed' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The last movie in the Rocky series was titled Creed,"{ contradiction } It clearly states that the last movie in the rocky series was titled Creed, maybe the computer didnt catch that since there is no mention of the word last in the context description" +" Interspecific crop diversity is, in part, responsible for offering variety in what we eat. Intraspecific diversity, the variety of alleles within a single species, also offers us choice in our diets. If a crop fails in a monoculture, we rely on agricultural diversity to replant the land with something new. If a wheat crop is destroyed by a pest we may plant a hardier variety of wheat the next year, relying on intraspecific diversity. We may forgo wheat production in that area and plant a different species altogether, relying on interspecific diversity. Even an agricultural society which primarily grows monocultures, relies on biodiversity at some point. What is the variety of alleles within a single species? ",What is the variety of alleles within a single species?, Interspecific crop diversity +" Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May (2010) as the starting shortstop. However, the club played poorly in the early season, finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June. In addition, long-time ace Carlos Zambrano was pulled from a game against the White Sox on June 25 after a tirade and shoving match with Derrek Lee, and was suspended indefinitely by Jim Hendry, who called the conduct ""unacceptable."" On August 22, Lou Piniella, who had already announced his retirement at the end of the season, announced that he would leave the Cubs prematurely to take care of his sick mother. Mike Quade took over as the interim manager for the final 37 games of the year. Despite being well out of playoff contention the Cubs went 24–13 under Quade, the best record in baseball during that 37 game stretch, earning Quade to have the interim tag removed on October 19. Who announced on August 22nd they were leaving the Cubs prematurely? ",Who announced on August 22nd they were leaving the Cubs prematurely? , Lou Piniella +" Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelidae) or weevils. In some of these species, sculpturing or various colored scales or hairs cause the beetle to resemble bird dung or other inedible objects. Many of those that live in sandy environments blend in with the coloration of the substrate. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators. What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive? ",What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?, Camouflage +" A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely ""liberty as non-domination."" Unlike liberals who understand liberty as ""non-interference,"" ""non-domination"" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it. What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty? ",What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty?, The resurgent republican movement +"Given the premise: 'Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas, Inc (TMMTX) is an automobile production subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation based in San Antonio, Texas. It owns and operates a manufacturing and assembly facility for the parent company. The TMMTX assembly lines currently produce the Tundra full-size pickup truck and the Tacoma mid-size pickup truck.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Toyota Motor Manufacturing is the parent company of Toyota Motor Corporation.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Toyota Motor Manufacturing is the parent company of Toyota Motor Corporation.,{ entailment } It is incorrect because Toyota Motor Corporation is the parent company for Toyota Motor Manufacturing. The system did not compare Corporation and Manufacturing in assessing the relationship. +"From the information in: 'Casper's First Christmas is a 1979 Christmas television special and crossover produced by Hanna-Barbera featuring Casper the Friendly Ghost and his friend Hairy Scary from the animated series ""Casper and the Angels"" with guest stars Yogi Bear, Boo Boo, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw, and Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Hanna-Barbera didn't include Scooby Doo as a guest star for Casper's First Christmas.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hanna-Barbera didn't include Scooby Doo as a guest star for Casper's First Christmas.,"{ contradiction } Based on the context, the guest stars for Casper's First Christmas were Yogi Bear, Boo Boo, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw, and Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy - so Scooby Doo was not included. I think the system saw Scooby Doo as an additional character that the text did not mention and assumed the statement was incorrect." +" It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of indefinite pitch, but sounds of indefinite pitch do not neatly correspond to any specific pitch. A special type of pitch often occurs in free nature when sound reaches the ear of an observer directly from the source, and also after reflecting off a sound-reflecting surface. This phenomenon is called repetition pitch, because the addition of a true repetition of the original sound to itself is the basic prerequisite. It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what? ",It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what?, indefinite pitch +"With the given context: 'Eddie Vedder (born Edward Louis Severson; December 23, 1964) is an American musician, singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Pearl Jam, with whom he performs lead vocals and is one of three guitarists. He is known for his powerful baritone vocals. He also appeared as a guest vocalist in Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to the late singer Andrew Wood.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Edward Severson dedicated a song to late singer Andrew Wood.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Edward Severson dedicated a song to late singer Andrew Wood.,{ neutral } Eddie was born Edward Louis Severson and he was a part of a band that dedicated song to late singer. +" Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the ""Cave of Shadows"" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage. What will special bundles of the game contain? ",What will special bundles of the game contain?, Wolf Link Amiibo +" The ""General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples"" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages. Along with Spanish, the law has granted them — more than 60 languages — the status of ""national languages"". The law includes all indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to the territory. As such the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the language of the Kickapoo, who immigrated from the United States, and recognizes the languages of the Guatemalan indigenous refugees. The Mexican government has promoted and established bilingual primary and secondary education in some indigenous rural communities. Nonetheless, of the indigenous peoples in Mexico, only about 67% of them (or 5.4% of the country's population) speak an indigenous language and about a sixth do not speak Spanish (1.2% of the country's population). How many of the indigenous peoples in Mexico speak an indigenous language? ",How many of the indigenous peoples in Mexico speak an indigenous language?, about 67% of them +"Given the premise: 'I am by no means a bad young man .
You shall have back your eye , safe and sound , and as bright as ever , the moment you tell me where to find the Nymphs . ''
`` The Nymphs !
Goodness me !
sisters , what Nymphs does he mean ? ''
screamed Scarecrow .
`` There are a great many Nymphs , people say ; some that go a hunting in the woods , and some that live inside of trees , and some that have a comfortable home in fountains of water .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'There are many excellent Nymphs.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",There are many excellent Nymphs.,"{ neutral } ""There are a great many Nymphs"" comes directly from the text. The system was confused by the context." +" The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting ""Indo-Muslim"" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning ""horde"" or ""camp"" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240). What language was created during the Delhi Sultanate? ",What language was created during the Delhi Sultanate? , Urdu +" Despite their usurpation of imperial authority, the Fujiwara presided over a period of cultural and artistic flowering at the imperial court and among the aristocracy. There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature. Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters, was abbreviated to hiragana, a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese. Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and, with it, to the rise in Japan's famous vernacular literature, much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts. Three late tenth century and early eleventh century women presented their views of life and romance at the Heian court in Kagerō Nikki by ""the mother of Fujiwara Michitsuna"", The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. Indigenous art also flourished under the Fujiwara after centuries of imitating Chinese forms. Vividly colored yamato-e, Japanese style paintings of court life and stories about temples and shrines became common in the mid- and late Heian periods, setting patterns for Japanese art to this day. What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters? ",What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters?, katakana +" The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas. Since the start of the war on Terrorism, attacks on US service members have occurred in which two US states? ","Since the start of the war on Terrorism, attacks on US service members have occurred in which two US states?", Arkansas and Texas +"With the premise: 'New Hampshire Route 78 (abbreviated NH 78) is a 3.456 mi secondary state highway in Cheshire County in the southern part of the U.S. state of New Hampshire. A northward extension of Massachusetts Route 78, NH 78 runs entirely within the town of Winchester from the state border to downtown, where it ends at New Hampshire Route 10 and New Hampshire Route 119.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'NH78 is south of Massachusetts.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",NH78 is south of Massachusetts.,{ entailment } NH 78 is a northward extension of Massachussetts Route 78. +" In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade. In June 1917, he released The Finished Mystery as a seventh volume of Russell's Studies in the Scriptures series. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher. It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War. As a result, Watch Tower Society directors were jailed for sedition under the Espionage Act in 1918 and members were subjected to mob violence; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920. Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917? ",Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?, Joseph Franklin Rutherford +" In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. ""No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula"". The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found. ""In 2002, researchers discovered prehistoric earthenware, jade earrings, among other items in the area"". The research team will perform accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site. What items were found on the Korean farm site? ",What items were found on the Korean farm site?," Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Bill Haley and His Comets is the title of the tenth album of rock and roll recordings by Bill Haley & His Comets. Released in April 1960, it was the band's first album release for Warner Bros. Records, following their departure from Decca Records at the end of 1959. The recordings were produced by George Avakian, who succeeded Haley's Decca producer, Milt Gabler.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Bill Haley and His Comets also left Warner Brothers.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Bill Haley and His Comets also left Warner Brothers.,{ entailment } Its not stated how long they stayed with Warner Brothers. +" In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remain one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world? ",In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world?, 30 billion +" There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as ""Anse de..."" etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills and reefs). The windward beaches are popular for windsurfing. The beach of St Jean is suitable for water sports and facilities have been created for that purpose. The long beach at Lorient has shade and is a quiet beach as compared to St. Jean. The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity? ",The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity?, windsurfing +" On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen, and convicted of high treason. On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to transportation for life, John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge. Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail. In a similar attack in 1849, unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill, London. In 1850, the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer, Robert Pate. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead. Both Hamilton and Pate were sentenced to seven years' transportation. Who fired a shot at Queen Victoria's carriage in 1849? ",Who fired a shot at Queen Victoria's carriage in 1849?, William Hamilton +" During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title ""The Szafarnia Courier""), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift. What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote? ",What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?, The Szafarnia Courier +" Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, ""as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour."" He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition. What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with? ",What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?, Protestants +"With the premise: 'How to spoil your cat
Develop a brushing ritual with your cat. Your cat will love the rhythmic, front-to-back motion of you brushing her coat. In addition to being a way to spoil your cat, brushing her coat serves several practical purposes: stimulating her skin, cleaning her fur, spreading natural oils throughout her coat, and preventing tangles.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Back to front motions are the best way to brush a cat.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Back to front motions are the best way to brush a cat.,"{ neutral } Front-to-back motions are the way to brush your cat, not back to front, therefore the statement is definitely incorrect." +" Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for healthy growth in rabbits has been reported to be at least 3 ppm in the diet. However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages. What are copper salts sometimes used for? ",What are copper salts sometimes used for?, suicide attempts +" Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. What did translators shape in the course of their work? ",What did translators shape in the course of their work?, languages +" Bird eggs are usually laid in a nest. Most species create somewhat elaborate nests, which can be cups, domes, plates, beds scrapes, mounds, or burrows. Some bird nests, however, are extremely primitive; albatross nests are no more than a scrape on the ground. Most birds build nests in sheltered, hidden areas to avoid predation, but large or colonial birds—which are more capable of defence—may build more open nests. During nest construction, some species seek out plant matter from plants with parasite-reducing toxins to improve chick survival, and feathers are often used for nest insulation. Some bird species have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet. The absence of nests is especially prevalent in ground-nesting species where the newly hatched young are precocial. What type of birds lay its eggs on bare rock? ",What type of birds lay its eggs on bare rock?, cliff-nesting common guillemot +"From the information in: 'Caroline Milmoe (born 11 January 1963) is an English stage, film and television actress best known for playing Julie in the first two series of Carla Lane's Liverpool-based BBC sit-com ""Bread"" and Lisa Duckworth in ITV's long-running soap opera ""Coronation Street"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Milmoe played one character, Lisa Duckworth, in ""coronation street""' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Milmoe played one character, Lisa Duckworth, in ""coronation street""","{ entailment } This statement is neither correct nor incorrect because it is possible that Milmoe played multiple characters in ""coronation street"" (side characters, etc) which were not mentioned in the context. The system got it wrong possibly because only the character ""Lisa Duckworth"" was mentioned in the context." +" In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep. The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault. On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is ""high risk"" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months. How long was the fault where the quake occurred? ",How long was the fault where the quake occurred?, 240 km long +" At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna? ",Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna?, Vladislaus I +"Examine the premise: 'Friday: The Animated Series was a short-lived animated television series based on the ""Friday"" film series. The show is directed by Kevin Lofton and is co-produced and co-distributed by New Line Television, a subsidiary of New Line Cinema (the distributors of the ""Friday"" movies), MTV2, and Ice Cube's Cubevision. The series only lasted for 8 episodes.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Friday: The Animated Series started in two thousand two.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Friday: The Animated Series started in two thousand two.,{ contradiction } The year it began is never mentioned in the text. It's difficult because writing out the year in words easily confuses the system. +" In the early 21st century the Cypriot economy has diversified and become prosperous. However, in 2012 it became affected by the Eurozone financial and banking crisis. In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the Cyprus Popular Bank, and this was followed by Fitch downgrading Cyprus's credit rating to junk status. Fitch said Cyprus would need an additional €4 billion to support its banks and the downgrade was mainly due to the exposure of Bank of Cyprus, Cyprus Popular Bank and Hellenic Bank, Cyprus's three largest banks, to the Greek financial crisis. What affected the Cypriot economy in 2012? ",What affected the Cypriot economy in 2012?, Eurozone financial and banking crisis +" Plato's theory of forms or ""ideas"" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine ""the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism"", while Simone Klein calls Plato ""the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism"". Nevertheless, Plato holds that matter is real, though transitory and imperfect, and is perceived by our body and its senses and given existence by the eternal ideas that are perceived directly by our rational soul. Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed] What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms? ",What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms?, ideas +"From the facts presented in 'Jeanne Evert Dubin (born October 5, 1957) is an American former professional tennis player and the younger sister of Chris Evert. She was ranked as high as 42nd by the WTA in 1975 and ninth within the United States alone in 1974. She reached the third round of the U.S. Open in 1973 and 1978. She won all 4 of her Fed Cup matches for the U.S. in 1974.' , decide if the statement: 'Jeanne Evert Dubin only played tennis up to 1978.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Jeanne Evert Dubin only played tennis up to 1978.,{ contradiction } The statement states that Jeanne Evert Dubin participated in the U.S. Open in 1978 but does not mention if she did or did not play tennis after that. +" Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane. What kind of music does Sayat Nova play? ",What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?, Armenian folk music +"Using the premise: 'The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company (defunct) was an American opera company located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that was actively performing at the Academy of Music between 1925 and 1954. In 1955 the company merged with the Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company to form the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Philadelphia Grand Opera Company was preceded by the The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Philadelphia Grand Opera Company was preceded by the The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company.,{ neutral } The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company preceded the The Philadelphia Grand Opera Company as it was one of the 2 companies that combined to form the new company. The system might not understand the term preceded. +"With the premise: 'Daniel Alexander ""Danny"" Hultzen (born November 28, 1989) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is currently a free agent. Hultzen attended the University of Virginia, where he starred for the Virginia Cavaliers baseball team. He was drafted and selected second overall by the Seattle Mariners in the 2011 MLB draft.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Currently his contract ended' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Currently his contract ended,{ neutral } Being a free agent means you are not to a team currently and that means your contract with your previous team ended +" Religion is extremely important to the Tibetans and has a strong influence over all aspects of their lives. Bön is the ancient religion of Tibet, but has been almost eclipsed by Tibetan Buddhism, a distinctive form of Mahayana and Vajrayana, which was introduced into Tibet from the Sanskrit Buddhist tradition of northern India. Tibetan Buddhism is practiced not only in Tibet but also in Mongolia, parts of northern India, the Buryat Republic, the Tuva Republic, and in the Republic of Kalmykia and some other parts of China. During China's Cultural Revolution, nearly all Tibet's monasteries were ransacked and destroyed by the Red Guards. A few monasteries have begun to rebuild since the 1980s (with limited support from the Chinese government) and greater religious freedom has been granted – although it is still limited. Monks returned to monasteries across Tibet and monastic education resumed even though the number of monks imposed is strictly limited. Before the 1950s, between 10 and 20% of males in Tibet were monks. What is the ancient religion of Tibet? ",What is the ancient religion of Tibet?, Bön +" In Du ""Cubisme"" Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher Henri Bergson according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present merging into the future. The Salon Cubists used the faceted treatment of solid and space and effects of multiple viewpoints to convey a physical and psychological sense of the fluidity of consciousness, blurring the distinctions between past, present and future. One of the major theoretical innovations made by the Salon Cubists, independently of Picasso and Braque, was that of simultaneity, drawing to greater or lesser extent on theories of Henri Poincaré, Ernst Mach, Charles Henry, Maurice Princet, and Henri Bergson. With simultaneity, the concept of separate spatial and temporal dimensions was comprehensively challenged. Linear perspective developed during the Renaissance was vacated. The subject matter was no longer considered from a specific point of view at a moment in time, but built following a selection of successive viewpoints, i.e., as if viewed simultaneously from numerous angles (and in multiple dimensions) with the eye free to roam from one to the other. In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes relate the sense of time to? ",In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes relate the sense of time to? , Henri Bergson +"Examine the information in 'Marshal of Amarillo is a 1948 American Western film directed by Philip Ford and written by Robert Creighton Williams. The film stars Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Mildred Coles, Clayton Moore, Roy Barcroft and Trevor Bardette. The film was released on July 15, 1948, by Republic Pictures.' Is the statement: 'Marshal of Amarillo stars Eddy Lane and Allan Waller.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Marshal of Amarillo stars Eddy Lane and Allan Waller.,{ entailment } I switched the names around and the AI probably only knows that all the words are right but the way they are strung together is incorrect. +" The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else? ","The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?", during protests +" Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, ""Hip hop culture in particular is popular amongst Samoan youth."" Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also ""testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves,"" and to the ""circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel."" Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths. What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company? ",What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company?, MAU +" The term ""high fidelity"" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing ""perfect"" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and 1940s. After 1949 a variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies, especially stereo recordings, which became widely available in 1958, gave a boost to the ""hi-fi"" classification of products, leading to sales of individual components for the home such as amplifiers, loudspeakers, phonographs, and tape players. High Fidelity and Audio were two magazines that hi-fi consumers and engineers could read for reviews of playback equipment and recordings. During what years did the term HiFi take off with engineers? ",During what years did the term HiFi take off with engineers?, 1930s and 1940s +" Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa). The area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually, accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum. The city falls under USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone. How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year? ",How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year?," 2,535 " +"From the facts presented in 'Algirdas (Belarusian: Альгерд , Russian: О��ьгерд , Polish: ""Olgierd"" ;  1296  – May 1377) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his brother Kęstutis (who defended the western border of the Duchy) he created an empire stretching from the present Baltic states to the Black Sea and to within fifty miles of Moscow.' , decide if the statement: 'Algirdas was Polish, Lithuanian and part Russian. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Algirdas was Polish, Lithuanian and part Russian. ",{ entailment } We do not know the exact nationality mix for Algirdas. +" Hayek's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger, who pioneered an approach to social explanation similar to that developed in Britain by Bernard Mandeville and the Scottish moral philosophers in the Scottish Enlightenment. He had a wide-reaching influence on contemporary economics, politics, philosophy, sociology, psychology and anthropology. For example, Hayek's discussion in The Road to Serfdom (1944) about truth, falsehood and the use of language influenced some later opponents of postmodernism. To whom did Hayek owe his intellectual success? ",To whom did Hayek owe his intellectual success?, Carl Menger +" Procopius wrote in 545 that ""the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."" He describes their social structure and beliefs: Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what? ",Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?, Spori +"Using the premise: 'While responding to crisis around the world, Patrice Gordon works full-time as a Family Nurse Practitioner serving remote First Nations Communities in the Chilcotin region of British Columbia Selkirk College has honoured a nursing grad from the class of 1985. Patrice Gordon was recognized as a distinguished alumna at last week’s grad ceremony. Gordon is a nurse practitioner and her career has taken her all over the globe. This includes responding to the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone in 2014.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Patrice is a very good nurse' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Patrice is a very good nurse,{ neutral } its says that she is a distinguished nurse so the implies that she is good +"Analyze the premise: 'John Wellborn Root (January 10, 1850 – January 15, 1891) was an American architect who was based in Chicago with Daniel Burnham. He was one of the founders of the Chicago School style. Two of his buildings have been designated a National Historic Landmark; others have been designated Chicago landmarks and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1958, he received the AIA Gold Medal.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'John Wellborn Root starts with an A.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",John Wellborn Root starts with an A.,{ entailment } Starts with a J +"With the premise: 'Sedalia man hit by a train SEDALIA - A Sedalia man was hit by a train while walking along railroad tracks near Highway 50 Tuesday night. Monty A. Ellis, 29, was in critical condition Wednesday at University Hospital in Columbia. Sedalia police in a news release said Ellis was near Highway 50 and Sellers Road when he was struck.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Being hit by a train is generally a very bad thing to happen to a person.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Being hit by a train is generally a very bad thing to happen to a person.,{ neutral } It is never a good thing to be hit by a train. +" Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000. What is Wayne Counties average income? ",What is Wayne Counties average income?," $38,000 " +"Examine the information in 'The North Melbourne Advertiser was a local newspaper distributed throughout the inner-northern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia, especially within the boundaries of what was then known as the borough of Hotham (later becoming the suburb of North Melbourne in 1887).' Is the statement: 'The North Melbourne Advertiser was written in Danish.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The North Melbourne Advertiser was written in Danish.,{ contradiction } It is unclear what language the North Melbourne Advertiser written in. The system was confused by the context. +"Reflect on the information in: '""Thank You"" is the third single by heavy metal band Hellyeah from their debut album ""Hellyeah"". The song is a tribute to all of the band's recently departed family members: Vinnie Paul's brother Dimebag Darrell, Tom Maxwell's mother, and Chad Gray's grandmother. The song reached #37 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The album Hellyeah is the third album by the band Hellyeah' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The album Hellyeah is the third album by the band Hellyeah,{ neutral } It is incorrect because it says it is their debut album. The system doesn't recognize debut as first +" Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor of three provinces. He facilitated the election of the former patrician Publius Clodius Pulcher to the tribunate for 58 BC. Clodius set about depriving Caesar's senatorial enemies of two of their more obstinate leaders in Cato and Cicero. Clodius was a bitter opponent of Cicero because Cicero had testified against him in a sacrilege case. Clodius attempted to try Cicero for executing citizens without a trial during the Catiline conspiracy, resulting in Cicero going into self-imposed exile and his house in Rome being burnt down. Clodius also passed a bill that forced Cato to lead the invasion of Cyprus which would keep him away from Rome for some years. Clodius also passed a law to expand the previous partial grain subsidy to a fully free grain dole for citizens. Who was elected to the tribunate in 58 BC? ",Who was elected to the tribunate in 58 BC?, Publius Clodius Pulcher +"Analyze the premise: 'The Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush (also known as Benjamin Rush, Rush Arts, or simply Rush) is a public, magnet high school located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rush Arts is known for placing its focus on both academia and the visual/performing arts, as well as encouraging creativity and the development of strong critical thinking skills.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Rush in more contered on arts.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rush in more contered on arts.,{ entailment } It says it is centered on arts and education. +"Examine the information in 'The Good Mother is a 1988 American drama film and an adaptation of Sue Miller's novel of the same name. Directed by Leonard Nimoy, the film stars Diane Keaton and Liam Neeson in the leading roles. ""The Good Mother"" explores feelings and beliefs about children's exposure to adult sexuality and challenges society's growing reliance upon courts to settle complex private and ethical matters.' Is the statement: 'The Good Mother is not describing a mom' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Good Mother is not describing a mom,{ neutral } it is a film +" The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers. What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance? ",What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?, The use of Intel microprocessors +"Examine the information in '** NMDC Ltd, India's biggest iron ore producer, falls 1.3 pct ** Motilal Oswal Securities downgrades the stock to ""sell"" from ""buy"" and cuts price target to 104 rupees from 161 ** NMDC's pricing still non-competitive, despite steep price cuts, says Motilal Oswal ** Cuts EBITDA estimates by 36 pct and 42 pct for FY16 and FY17, respectively ** Steep correction in iron ore prices and rising capital commitment to the steel project will squeeze dividend payout-Motilal Oswal (Reuters Messaging: indulal.p.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net)' Is the statement: 'The target price of NMDC is a fair price.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The target price of NMDC is a fair price.,{ contradiction } It says nothing about the price being fair just what they have set their price target at. +"Consider the premise in: 'Zafar Mahmud (1923–2016) was a Royal Indian Air Force officer during the second world war, originally stationed in Burma and subsequently stationed in Quetta (in present-day Pakistan) from 1945 to 1947 before the partition of British India. He was sent to England a number of times to train with the Royal Air Force just before and after the war.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Mahmud was born in the year after 1921.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Mahmud was born in the year after 1921.,{ entailment } Mahmud was born in 1923. The system was confused by the year. +"With the given context: 'Mini golf
Ann and her friend went mini golfing. The two had fun back and forth. Ann was winning at first. But then she hit the ball and it went in the water. She thought it was hilarious and got another ball.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Ann did not retrieve her ball that went in the water.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Ann did not retrieve her ball that went in the water.,{ neutral } The text says that Ann got a different ball after hitting her first ball into the water. This means she didn't get her first ball out of the water and continue playing with it. This is hard because the text mentions her hitting her ball into the water. +"With the premise: 'Rufus Lackland Taylor (January 6, 1910 – September 14, 1978) was an officer in the United States Navy. There he became Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence and a Vice Admiral. In 1966 he was appointed as Deputy Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), then shortly thereafter as Deputy Director of the CIA, where he served from 1966 to 1969.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Rufus Lackland Taylor was ranked higher than other individuals in the US navy' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Rufus Lackland Taylor was ranked higher than other individuals in the US navy,{ neutral } Rufus Lackland Taylor changed jobs in 1966 +"With the given context: 'Islamabad Mainly hot and humid weather is expected in most part of the country while, rain-thunderstorm is expected at few places in Gilgit-Baltistan and Kashmir during the next 24 hours. Weak seasonal low lies over northwest Balochistan. A westerly wave is affecting northern parts of the country, an official of Met office told APP. During the 24 hours weather remained hot and humid in most parts of the country.—APP' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Most people in the country should have their raincoats ready' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Most people in the country should have their raincoats ready,{ neutral } It's hot and sunny in most parts of the country +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to buy citric acid
Determine how much citric acid you need to buy. The amount you need will determine where you should shop for citric acid. Smaller quantities can generally be purchased at the grocery store, while larger quantities may need be purchased at a bulk store or online.' , determine if the claim: 'You can buy a lot of citric acid online.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You can buy a lot of citric acid online.,{ neutral } It said that you can buy larger quantities of citric acid online. +"Considering the context: 'Mr. Speaker, we are not carrying out a nuclear program with India and Pakistan, but with respect to nuclear reactors that were supplied before the program ended in 1976, we are in the light of the views of the International Atomic Energy Association helping provide information to make sure that these reactors are maintained safely in the interests of civilian populations.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The program ended after 30 ad' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The program ended after 30 ad,"{ neutral } The program ended in 1976, which is very much after 30 ad" +"Given the detailed context: 'Of Human Bondage is a 1934 American Pre-Code drama film directed by John Cromwell and is widely regarded by critics as the film that made Bette Davis a star. The screenplay by Lester Cohen is based on the 1915 novel of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham. The film was remade in 1946 and again in 1964.', judge whether the statement: 'Of Human Bondage was remade in 1946 and then one more time, one can guess the year in which it was remade again if you switch the last two numbers of the year 1946' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Of Human Bondage was remade in 1946 and then one more time, one can guess the year in which it was remade again if you switch the last two numbers of the year 1946","{ neutral } If you switch the last two numbers of the year 1946 you get 1964, when it was remade the second time, so my statement is correct" +"With the given context: 'McLeod's Daughters is a 1996 Australian television film, it aired on the Nine Network on 11 May 1996, which was Mother's Day. At the time it was the highest rated telemovie and still remains the highest rated telemovie of all time in Australia. The movie was the pilot for the later television series of the same name.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'McLeod's Daughters had high ratings because it aired on Mother's Day.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",McLeod's Daughters had high ratings because it aired on Mother's Day.,"{ entailment } Cause-effect relationship is not stated between airing on Mother's Day and getting high ratings; the algorithm connected these facts, though." +"Considering the context: 'Pavel Sergeyevich Alexandrov (Russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Алекса́ндров ), sometimes romanized Paul Alexandroff or Aleksandrov (7 May 1896 – 16 November 1982), was a Soviet mathematician. He wrote about three hundred papers, making important contributions to set theory and topology.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Aleksandrov's research was considered important and advanced knowledge of set theory and topology.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Aleksandrov's research was considered important and advanced knowledge of set theory and topology.,{ neutral } It is explicitly mentioned that his three hundred papers were important contributions to the fields of set theory and topology. I believe the system found it difficult because of the inclusion of certain terms that were not present in the original context. +"Examine the information in 'UN official condemns attacks on civilians, calls for unhindered relief access February 7, 2017 As fresh violence flared up in the Ouham – Pende province of the Central African Republic, a United Nations humanitarian official has urged to protect civilians and provide them with unobstructed relief access. ""I urge all parties to the conflict to respect international humanitarian law and to ensure the protection of civilians,"" said Michel Yao, the Acting Humanitarian Coordinator in the country. ""Attack against aid workers is a crime against humanity,"" he added.' Is the statement: 'The call for unhindered relief access came on a Thursday.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The call for unhindered relief access came on a Thursday.,{ neutral } IT was actually on a Tuesday because February 7 2017 is a Tuesday. The system doesn't know the calendar dates. +"Using the premise: 'Vision of the Apocalypse was a modern dance created by Martha Graham to music by Hermann Reutter. It premiered on April 14, 1929, at the Booth Theatre in New York City. The occasion marked the debut of Martha Graham and Group, Graham's new concert ensemble and the predecessor to the Martha Graham Dance Company. ""Vision of the Apocalypse"" was the first piece Graham choreographed for a large group.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Martha Graham Dance Company was founded in 1931.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Martha Graham Dance Company was founded in 1931.,"{ contradiction } It only says that Martha Graham and Group came before (predecssor) Martha Graham Dance Company, not when the latter was established. The system probably thought the two were the same." +" Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio. These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST. Where can the Sanskrit broadcasts be found online? ",Where can the Sanskrit broadcasts be found online?, AIR's website +"With the premise: 'The United Iraqi Alliance, endorsed by Iraq's top Shiite clerics, captured more than two-thirds of the 3.3 million votes counted so far, the election commission said.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Two thirds of three point three million is one point one five million.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Two thirds of three point three million is one point one five million.,{ neutral } 1.5 million isn't even half of 3.3 million. I think the fact that I spelled out the word point may have thrown the system. +"Reflect on the information in: 'A fight between inmates at the Regina Correctional Centre sent one person to hospital on Aug, 19. The inmate was taken to hospital with unknown injuries after the fight, but was later returned to the correctional centre. The facility was placed on lockdown after the fight to ensure the safety of all staff and inmates. The incident will be reviewed and the matter has been referred to the RCMP to determine if an investigation will be conducted.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Inmates have fought before at Regina Correctional Centre' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Inmates have fought before at Regina Correctional Centre,"{ neutral } Yes, according to the passage, it's clear that inmates have fought before (at least once) at Regina Correctional Centre" +" Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China. How many She people are there? ",How many She people are there?," 200,000 " +" In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms? ","Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms?", doors +"Consider the premise in: 'Passau is a ""Landkreis"" (district) in the southeast of Bavaria. It encloses the city of Passau geographically from two sides. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Rottal-Inn, Deggendorf, Freyung-Grafenau. To the south it borders Austria.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Passau encloses the city of Passau from the north and the east.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Passau encloses the city of Passau from the north and the east.,{ contradiction } We do not know which are the 2 sides that Passau is enclosed. +" Another 44 million acres (18 million hectares) are owned by 12 regional, and scores of local, Native corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. Regional Native corporation Doyon, Limited often promotes itself as the largest private landowner in Alaska in advertisements and other communications. Provisions of ANCSA allowing the corporations' land holdings to be sold on the open market starting in 1991 were repealed before they could take effect. Effectively, the corporations hold title (including subsurface title in many cases, a privilege denied to individual Alaskans) but cannot sell the land. Individual Native allotments can be and are sold on the open market, however. Which group claims it is Alaska's largest private land owner? ",Which group claims it is Alaska's largest private land owner?," Doyon, Limited " +"From the facts presented in 'Things Happen at Night is a 1947 British supernatural ghost comedy film directed by Francis Searle and starring Gordon Harker, Alfred Drayton, Robertson Hare and Gwynneth Vaughan. The film is based upon a stage play, ""The Poltergeist"", by Frank Harvey Jnr.' , decide if the statement: 'Things Happen at Night and ""The Poltergeist"" share the same total runtime. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Things Happen at Night and ""The Poltergeist"" share the same total runtime. ","{ entailment } The context mentions that Things Happen at Night is based off ""The Poltergeist"" but the context makes no mention of how long the film is nor does it say how long the stage play is. Therefore, we cannot know if they share the same runtime. The system might have been confused since the context mentions that one was based off of the other." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The town dates from the 8th century. Herrlisheim was the scene of very heavy fighting during ""Operation Nordwind"", an offensive launched by the German Army during World War II that inflicted considerable damage to the town.' , determine if the claim: 'The German Army fought heavily over Herrlisheim in World War II because of the town's rich history stemming back to the 8th century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The German Army fought heavily over Herrlisheim in World War II because of the town's rich history stemming back to the 8th century.,"{ entailment } The given information doesn't give any reason as to why the German Army attacked Herrlisheim, but it likely fooled the model because the 8th century was mentioned in the statement. " +"Consider the premise in: 'Jake Roberts is an English film editor. He is best known for his works on films ""Citadel"" (2012), ""Starred Up"" (2013), ""The Riot Club"" (2014) and ""Brooklyn"" (2015). For ""Hell or High Water"" (2016), Roberts was nominated (among several honors) for an Independent Spirit Award and the Academy Award for Best Film Editing at the 89th Academy Awards.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Jake Edwards worked on films that were released in five consecutive years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Jake Edwards worked on films that were released in five consecutive years.,"{ neutral } He worked on films released in 2012, 13, 14, 15 and 16." +"From the facts presented in 'The University of Wollongong Titans (or UOW Titans) is an Australian rugby league football team based in Wollongong. The club are a part of Country Rugby League and competes in the Illawarra Rugby League premiership. The club plays out of University Oval, Wollongong. The Titans wear red, navy and white jerseys. An earlier team from the University of Wollongong were nicknamed the ""Books"".' , decide if the statement: 'The University of Wollongong Titans play in a small town.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The University of Wollongong Titans play in a small town.,{ contradiction } Its not clear how big their city/town is. +" Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also frequently decorated with a dot of henna and the fingertips are dipped in the dye. Henna parties are usually held before the wedding takes place. Somali women have likewise traditionally applied kohl (kuul) to their eyes. Usage of the eye cosmetic in the Horn region is believed to date to the ancient Land of Punt. From what ancient region did kuul application come? ",From what ancient region did kuul application come?, Land of Punt +" In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person. It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine. Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced. What belief did ancient cultures consider sacred? ",What belief did ancient cultures consider sacred?, Tradition +"Considering the context: 'Puss 'N' Boots is the sixth studio album by Crash Test Dummies, released in 2003. The album began life as a Brad Roberts solo project. While the lyrics were written by Brad Roberts, most of the music was written by Stuart Cameron. Ellen Reid sang backing vocals and Dan Roberts played bass, though much of the music was performed by other musicians.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Puss 'N' Boots was created by less than five musicians.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Puss 'N' Boots was created by less than five musicians.,{ neutral } There were four named musicians plus the mention of additional unnamed musicians who worked on this album. I think it was difficult because it doe not explicitly state how many musicians worked on the album. +"With the given context: 'Spencer Chamberlain (born January 4, 1983) is an American musician, best known for being the current lead vocalist for the metalcore band Underoath. Before fronting Underoath, Chamberlain was the vocalist for the band This Runs Through in which his brother, Phil Chamberlain, was the drummer (who is also the drummer for To Speak of Wolves). He is currently the vocalist of Sleepwave.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The metalcore band Underoath was founded in two thousand three.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The metalcore band Underoath was founded in two thousand three.,{ contradiction } It's never mentioned when the band was founded. It's difficult because writing out the year in words easily confuses the system. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Haviland is a city in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 701. It is home of Barclay College and known for meteorite finds connected to the Haviland Crater and for an annual meteorite festival held in July.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Haviland is a city in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. The census said the population of the city was between 704 and 700..' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Haviland is a city in Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. The census said the population of the city was between 704 and 700..",{ contradiction } The population is between 700 and 704. +"Given the context: 'MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak said on Friday that cuts in global oil production should not be expected and that demand was likely to grow, Interfax news agency reported. Novak will attend a seminar of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Vienna on Jun.3-4, ahead of the group’s meeting on Jun.5. OPEC is not expected to cut production to shore up oil prices.' , classify the statement: 'Opec and Novak are in agreement that oil production will not be cut.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Opec and Novak are in agreement that oil production will not be cut.,{ neutral } They both mention no cuts. +" Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV. Post-punk artists such as Scritti Politti's Green Gartside and Josef K's Paul Haig, previously engaged in avant-garde practices, turned away from these approaches and pursued mainstream styles and commercial success. These new developments, in which post-punk artists attempted to bring subversive ideas into the pop mainstream, began to be categorized under the marketing term new pop. What did some post-punk artists reject their previous avant-garde practices to pursue? ",What did some post-punk artists reject their previous avant-garde practices to pursue?, commercial success +"Analyze the premise: 'There is an enormous amount of work that goes on in committees when members put aside some of their partisanship and focus on how to build an excellent health care system, on how to build a good research and development program and how to deal with issues of equity when you are looking at issues of debt reduction.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'For the greater good the group should put aside their differences so they can get work done' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",For the greater good the group should put aside their differences so they can get work done,{ neutral } The speaker suggests that groups will get work done if they put aside their differences. This makes my statement correct. The model was probably fooled by my vague word choices +"Analyze the premise: 'Chromatium okenii is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water. It belongs to the Purple sulfur bacteria. These bacteria are capable of photosynthesis and use Hydrogen sulfide (HS) as an electron donor for CO reduction and so do not produce oxygen. This type of photosynthesis is called anoxygenic photosynthesis.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Chroamtium okenii are often found in the air.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Chroamtium okenii are often found in the air.,{ neutral } It says they are found in the water. This precludes them being found in the air. +"Given the context: 'The third season of ""Gossip Girl,"" an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar. Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. Airing on The CW from September 14, 2009 to May 17, 2010 with 22 episodes. The season premiered 2.55 million viewers and a 1.4 Adults 18-49 rating, up 14% in viewers from its season two finale.' , classify the statement: '2.55 Million viewers tuned in for the fourth season of gossip girl.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",2.55 Million viewers tuned in for the fourth season of gossip girl.,"{ neutral } I wrote a correct statement but then changed the season number to make it incorrect, so that might have tricked the model" +"From the information in: 'Nick Carter and Red Club (French: ""Nick Carter et le trèfle rouge"" ) is a 1965 French action film directed by . The film features the successful literary character Nick Carter and is based on a novel by Claude Rank. The film is a sequel to ""Nick Carter va tout casser"" (1964).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Nick Carter and Red Club was the third part of a trilogy.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nick Carter and Red Club was the third part of a trilogy.,"{ neutral } This film was a sequel to one other film, so it cannot be third in a trilogy." +"Analyze the premise: 'And that means that the local law enforcement officials need help at the federal level. Programs like Project Exile where the federal government intensifies arresting people who illegally use guns. And we haven't done a very good job of that at the federal level recently.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Not all gun users have been properly vetted.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Not all gun users have been properly vetted.,"{ neutral } If local/federal police arrest those who use guns illegally, then not all gun users have gone through the proper vetting process. ""vetting"" may have confused AI" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Bjarki Már Karlsson (b. 1965) is a poet, linguist, and systems analyst. His first poetry collection, ""Árleysi alda"", won the Bókmenntaverðlaun Tómasar Guðmundssonar (Tómas Guðmundsson Award) for 2013. and the Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana in the poetry category in the same year. The book was Iceland's best-selling poetry collection in 2013.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Bjarki Már Karlsson is an award winning poet' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Bjarki Már Karlsson is an award winning poet,"{ neutral } The agent provides that Karlsson has won the Bókmenntaverðlaun Tómasar Guðmundssonar, meaning he has in fact won an award." +" In 1906, the tungsten filament was introduced. Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires. Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile. By 1910, a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten. The process required pressing tungsten powder into bars, then several steps of sintering, swaging, and then wire drawing. It was found that very pure tungsten formed filaments that sagged in use, and that a very small ""doping"" treatment with potassium, silicon, and aluminium oxides at the level of a few hundred parts per million greatly improved the life and durability of the tungsten filaments. What was the problem with manufacturing the tungsten filament? ",What was the problem with manufacturing the tungsten filament?, Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires. +"Given the detailed context: 'Three months after the FBI raided the offices of the Dorean Group in Union City, California, neighboring companies in the same office park have received letters claiming that rent for the office park should now be paid to the Dorean Group. The owner of the office park, Hanover Properties, insists that they have not sold the park and called the Dorean Group's claim fraudulent. The first letter from the Dorean Group, dated May 2nd, 2005, purported to ""inform [the tenants] of the change in ownership of the property [the tenants] now occupy,"" and asked that ""payment of rents be sent"" to the principals of the Dorean Group. The letter also included notarized documents authorizing the sale by an alleged agent of the current owner, Hanover Properties, a ""Julia Pantibratyuk.""', judge whether the statement: 'Hanover Properties supports the annual literacy fundraiser.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hanover Properties supports the annual literacy fundraiser.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know whether or not Hanover Properties supports the annual literacy fundraiser, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"Given the context: 'Say Anything is a board game designed by Dominic Crapuchettes and Satish Pillalamarri. It was released by North Star Games in 2008 as a follow up to the award-winning Wits & Wagers. Say Anything is very similar to Wits & Wagers except players answer open-ended subjective questions instead of trivia questions. The goal of Say Anything is to get people talking about interesting things and laughing.' , classify the statement: 'North Star Games was in business prior to 2008.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",North Star Games was in business prior to 2008.,"{ contradiction } North Star Games released Say Anything as a follow up to Wits & Wagers in 2008 - meaning Wits & Wagers came out prior to 2008, meaning North Star Games existed prior to 2008." +"Analyze the premise: 'How to qualify for unemployment
Understand the limitations. While all states have some form of federal-state unemployment program, the limits placed on this program can vary from state to state. [substeps] Check with your state unemployment insurance agency as soon as you lose your job to learn more specific information about whether or not you qualify for unemployment benefits.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Some states don't have unemployment.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Some states don't have unemployment.,{ entailment } All states have some form of federal-state unemployment program. +" The end result is that the resonant antenna will efficiently feed a signal into the transmission line only when the source signal's frequency is close to that of the design frequency of the antenna, or one of the resonant multiples. This makes resonant antenna designs inherently narrowband, and they are most commonly used with a single target signal. They are particularly common on radar systems, where the same antenna is used for both broadcast and reception, or for radio and television broadcasts, where the antenna is working with a single frequency. They are less commonly used for reception where multiple channels are present, in which case additional modifications are used to increase the bandwidth, or entirely different antenna designs are used. What is the most common application of resonant antennas? ",What is the most common application of resonant antennas?, single target signal +"Given the premise: 'Fina Air was an airline based in San Juan, Puerto Rico named after Josefina Canto who was the mother of Lazaro Canto. It operated charter flights to the Dominican Republic from Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Rafael Hernández Airport in Aguadilla and Eugenio María de Hostos Airport in Mayagüez. The airline has now ceased operations.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Fina Air was based in a United States territory.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Fina Air was based in a United States territory.,{ contradiction } Puerto Rico is a United States Territory and Fina Air is an airline based in Puerto Rico. I think this was difficult because one would have to know that Puerto Rico is a United States Territory. +" The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was ""the great white race"", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to ""The Problem of the Nearer East,"" which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man: The great whites were appearing as late as what time? ",The great whites were appearing as late as what time?, the 1920s +"Examine the information in 'Indonesia occupies little bandwidth in global popular music, but among fans of a revitalized breed of fusion musicians, Dewa Budjana is recognized. On his 11th solo album, the guitarist leaps easily between registers, jumping from the sonic frills of fusion jazz to the harsh roar of grunge. And that's only on ""Crowded,"" Mahandini's opening track. Much of the album sounds descended from the Steve Howe wing of '70s prog. Mahandini has many guest spots, including vocals by John Frusciante of Red Hot Chili Peppers and Soimah Pancawati, a pop and movie star in Indonesia.' Is the statement: 'Mahandini is a person.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Mahandini is a person.,{ entailment } Reason: Mahandini is the name of the album. Why: AI still sees it as a name. +" Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands Buddha names see Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō numbers 439–448). A common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief is that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya). A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what? ",A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what?, Maitreya +"Consider the premise in: 'Jia Zhangke (born 24 May 1970) is a Chinese film director and screenwriter. He is generally regarded as a leading figure of the ""Sixth Generation"" movement of Chinese cinema, a group that also includes such figures as Wang Xiaoshuai, Lou Ye, Wang Quan'an and Zhang Yuan.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Jia Zhangke's movies have never been shown outside of China' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Jia Zhangke's movies have never been shown outside of China,"{ contradiction } It is not said. I used original language. (Also, I didn't mean to submit that previous attempt with just his name, I am sorry)" +"Analyze the premise: 'Pandanus tectorius is a species of ""Pandanus"" (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English include Tahitian screwpine, thatch screwpine., hala tree; pandanus, and pu hala in Hawaiian. The fruit is sometimes known as hala fruit.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'even in hawaii people know about screwpine fruit' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",even in hawaii people know about screwpine fruit,"{ neutral } Common names in English include Tahitian screwpine, thatch screwpine., hala tree; pandanus, and pu hala in Hawaiian." +"Considering the context: 'How to receive happiness
Eat a healthier diet. Studies show that people who eat a "" normal "" american diet of refined and junk food suffer from more depression, anxiety, mood swings, and hyperactivity. Try to eat healthier if you want to boost your mood and live a happier life.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Junk food causes more depression' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Junk food causes more depression,"{ neutral } Yes Studies show that people who eat a "" normal "" american diet of refined and junk food suffer from more depression" +" Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation. What is the climate like in most areas of the US? ",What is the climate like in most areas of the US?, temperate +"Examine the information in 'The 2015 J&T Banka Prague Open was a professional tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament which was an International tournament on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place at the Sparta Prague Tennis Club in Prague, Czech Republic, from 27 April to 2 May 2015. This was the event's first edition as a WTA International tournament.' Is the statement: 'A tennis player won the tournament' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A tennis player won the tournament,{ neutral } It had to be won by a tennis player +" However, the problem of deflection settings — 'aim-off' — required knowing the rate of change in the target's position. Both France and UK introduced tachymetric devices to track targets and produce vertical and horizontal deflection angles. The French Brocq system was electrical, the operator entered the target range and had displays at guns; it was used with their 75 mm. The British Wilson-Dalby gun director used a pair of trackers and mechanical tachymetry; the operator entered the fuse length, and deflection angles were read from the instruments. Which system had electrical tracking? ",Which system had electrical tracking?, French Brocq +" Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, ""men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets"" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen people were killed in Beirut as a result of the chaos, and in Jerusalem, roughly 75,000 Arabs marched through the Old City chanting, ""Nasser will never die."" As a testament to his unchallenged leadership of the Arab people, following his death, the headline of the Lebanese Le Jour read, ""One hundred million human beings—the Arabs—are orphans."" Sherif Hetata, a former political prisoner and later member Nasser's ASU, said that ""Nasser's greatest achievement was his funeral. The world will never again see five million people crying together."" How many people marched in Jerusalem? ",How many people marched in Jerusalem?," 75,000 " +" Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative. Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005? ",Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?, European Space Agency (ESA) +" Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and its towns, expelling the Tajik mercenaries. When the storm had passed, Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan, and carried on his literary labors. Later, however, accompanied by his brother, a favorite pupil, and two slaves, Ibn Sina escaped from the city in the dress of a Sufi ascetic. After a perilous journey, they reached Isfahan, receiving an honorable welcome from the prince. How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan? ",How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan?, in the dress of a Sufi ascetic +"Examine the premise: 'Success is a 1983 studio album originally released by American singing duo The Weather Girls. The album includes the group's biggest hit, ""It's Raining Men"", which peaked at #1 on the U.S. Dance chart, #46 on the U.S. Pop chart, & #34 on the U.S. R&B chart.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Weather Girls were a one hit wonder.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Weather Girls were a one hit wonder.,{ contradiction } There was no indication whether The Weather Girls had other hits. +" Poland's AA defences were no match for the German attack and the situation was similar in other European countries. Significant AA warfare started with the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940. 3.7-inch HAA were to provide the backbone of the groundbased AA defences, although initially significant numbers of 3-inch 20-cwt were also used. The Army's Anti-aircraft command, which was under command of the Air Defence UK organisation, grew to 12 AA divisions in 3 AA corps. 40-mm Bofors entered service in increasing numbers. In addition the RAF regiment was formed in 1941 with responsibility for airfield air defence, eventually with Bofors 40mm as their main armament. Fixed AA defences, using HAA and LAA, were established by the Army in key overseas places, notably Malta, Suez Canal and Singapore. What was formed in 1941 to protect airfields? ",What was formed in 1941 to protect airfields?, RAF regiment +"Given the context: 'The 198th Infantry Brigade, was first formed as part of the United States Army Reserve's 99th Division. It was active from 1967 through 1971 and has been active since 2007 as an Infantry Training Brigade as part of the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.' , classify the statement: 'the 198th brigade ended its active status in 1971' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the 198th brigade ended its active status in 1971,{ entailment } it states it was active until 1971 and then later became active again in 2007 +" The last ruler from the Ptolemaic line was Cleopatra VII, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover Mark Antony who had died in her arms (from a self-inflicted stab wound), after Octavian had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled. The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often caused by an unwanted regime and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome. Nevertheless, Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest. What culture annexed Egypt? ",What culture annexed Egypt?, Rome +"Considering the context: 'PST Chittagong, Bangladesh-- Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh's ""Banker to the Poor"" who provides loans to help millions of people fight poverty by starting businesses, has won the Nobel Peace Prize.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Muhammad is providing financing to people who couldn't get financing from a traditional bank.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Muhammad is providing financing to people who couldn't get financing from a traditional bank.,"{ neutral } Impoverished people can't get loans at the bank, so he is providing the loan instead. " +"Examine the premise: 'Nan followed , looking very important , with a large roll in her hand , and Demi escorted Daisy , both evidently brimful of some delightful secret .
The museum was all in order , and the sunshine among the hop-vines made pretty shadows on the floor as it peeped through the great window .' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Nan is very important.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Nan is very important.,"{ entailment } Nan was looking very important, but she may or may not actually be important." +"Given the detailed context: 'NEW YORK — NBA rosters have players from a record-tying 42 countries and territories to open this season. This is the fifth consecutive season in which all 30 teams have at least one international player on the opening-night roster. Canada is represented by 11 of the 108 opening-night international players while Australia and France have nine. The Dallas Mavericks have the most international players — seven. Utah and the Los Angeles Clippers have six each. Five teams — Boston, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia and San Antonio — have five.', judge whether the statement: 'Joe Ingles, Patty Mills, and Andrew Bogut all represent Australia's international basketball impact in the NBA.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Joe Ingles, Patty Mills, and Andrew Bogut all represent Australia's international basketball impact in the NBA.",{ entailment } The article doesn't state anything about those players but they are Australian international players. +"Given the context: 'TPC Stonebrae, formerly TPC San Francisco Bay, is an American links style golf course and private golf club located at Stonebrae Country Club in the hills above Hayward, California on the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay Area. TPC Stonebrae Country Club is currently the newest Country Club in the San Francisco Bay Area and has a top 10 course rating in Northern California.' , classify the statement: 'TPC Stonebrae will be demolished in 2030.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",TPC Stonebrae will be demolished in 2030.,"{ contradiction } Nothing is mentioned about this and there's no way we could know this based on the text, so we can't say either way. I don't know why it's difficult, I guess the system makes assumptions that the course will still be around, but I really have no idea." +"Examine the information in 'The Nativity Story is a 2006 biblical drama film based on the nativity of Jesus, directed by Catherine Hardwicke and starring Keisha Castle-Hughes and Oscar Isaac. The film was released on December 1, 2006 after it premiered in Vatican City November 27, 2006. ""The Nativity Story"" was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City.' Is the statement: 'If you leave me now was the first film to hold it's world premiere in Vatican City.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",If you leave me now was the first film to hold it's world premiere in Vatican City.,"{ neutral } The Nativity Story was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City so If you leave now was not the first film to hold the premiere in Vatican City. +" +"Given the detailed context: 'The Sheshan Basilica, officially the National Shrine and Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Sheshan () and also known as Basilica of Mary, Help of Christians is a prominent Roman Catholic church in Shanghai, China. Its common name comes from its location on the western peak of Sheshan Hill, located in Songjiang District, to the west of Shanghai's metropolitan area.', judge whether the statement: 'The Sheshan Basilica is located in a small city in China.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Sheshan Basilica is located in a small city in China.,{ neutral } This is false. Shanghai is a large city +"With the given context: 'Of Human Bondage is a 1934 American Pre-Code drama film directed by John Cromwell and is widely regarded by critics as the film that made Bette Davis a star. The screenplay by Lester Cohen is based on the 1915 novel of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham. The film was remade in 1946 and again in 1964.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'John Cromwell was born in nineteen hundred ten.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",John Cromwell was born in nineteen hundred ten.,{ contradiction } His birth date is never mentioned so we don't know. It's difficult because I wrote out the year in words which for some reason seemed to confuse the sysem. +" In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be used in an execution; this has prevented executioners from using EU-manufactured anesthetics like propofol which are needed for general medical purposes. Another alternative, pentobarbital, is also only manufactured in the European Union, which has caused the Danish producer to restrict distribution to U.S. government customers. What death penalty drug ceased to be manufactured in 2011? ",What death penalty drug ceased to be manufactured in 2011?, sodium thiopental +"With the given context: 'Christopher David Mole (born 16 March 1958) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipswich from a by-election in 2001, after the death of Jamie Cann, and was re-elected in 2005. He was Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Transport, until his defeat in the 2010 general election by Ben Gummer, son of former MP John Gummer.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Christopher Mole was a politician for more than twenty-five years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Christopher Mole was a politician for more than twenty-five years.,{ entailment } We do not have a concrete start date for when Christopher Mole began as a politician. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Thirteen Ghosts (also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck. It is a remake of the 1960 film ""13 Ghosts"" by William Castle. It follows the remake of another one of Castle's films, ""House on Haunted Hill"", and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland, British Columbia.' , determine if the claim: 'Thirteen Ghosts was filmed before the 21st century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Thirteen Ghosts was filmed before the 21st century.,{ entailment } Thirteen Ghosts was filmed after the 16th century. +" In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European (or native reserves) areas with the former being two-thirds of the total land. Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy council in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land. In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate? ",In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate? , 1903 +"Given the premise: 'Share this post: According to reports, Aruwa died in the early hours of today Sunday December 9th at a private hospital in Barnawa Kaduna State. Family sources say his funeral prayer will take place at Sultan Bello Mosque Kaduna. Senator Aruwa represented Kaduna Central Senatorial zone at National Assembly from 1999-2007. May his soul rest in peace, Amen. Follow us on twitter @NigeriaTodayNG Also, Like us on facebook (Visited 22 times, 22 visits today)' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Senator Aruwa represented Kaduna Central Senatorial zone at National Assembly for more than 10 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Senator Aruwa represented Kaduna Central Senatorial zone at National Assembly for more than 10 years.,"{ entailment } The statement is in the correct category because the excerpt says that Aruwa served from 1999-2007, which means that he spent a maximum of 9 years in the National Assembly (which would be less than 10). The system may have had difficulty because the excerpt does not write out the amount of time Aruwa served, it just gives the time-frame." +" Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the ""Erich Koch Plan"" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prussia, a feat that gained admiration throughout the Reich. Koch's industrialization plans led him into conflict with R. Walther Darré, who held the office of the Reich Peasant Leader (Reichsbauernführer) and Minister of Agriculture. Darré, a neopaganist rural romantic, wanted to enforce his vision of an agricultural East Prussia. When his ""Land"" representatives challenged Koch's plans, Koch had them arrested. What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933? ",What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933?, that unemployment had been banished entirely +"From the facts presented in '""The Orange and the Green"" or ""The Biggest Mix-Up"" is a humorous Irish folk song about a man whose father was a Protestant (""Orange"") and whose mother was a Catholic (""Green""). It describes the man's trials as the product of religious intermarriage and how ""mixed up"" he became as a result of such an upbringing.' , decide if the statement: 'The Orange and Green is another name for the song titled A Big Mix-Up' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Orange and Green is another name for the song titled A Big Mix-Up,"{ entailment } The system is wrong because it isn't picking up the subtleties of the name. ""The Biggest Mix-Up"" is not the same as ""A Big Mix-Up"" so saying this is another name for the song is wrong." +" Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in Southeast Raleigh. Museums in Raleigh include the North Carolina Museum of Art in West Raleigh, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences located next to each other near the State Capitol in Downtown Raleigh. Several major universities and colleges call Raleigh home, including North Carolina State University, the largest public university in the state, and Shaw University, the first historically black university in the American South and site of the foundation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an important civil rights organization of the 1960s. One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh. What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh? ",What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh?, Walnut Creek Amphitheatre +" The first time ""affirmative action"" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that ""gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order."" He was torn between the words ""positive action"" and ""affirmative action,"" and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term ""active recruitment"" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60 What was the alternative phrase to ""affirmative action"" that was being considered? ","What was the alternative phrase to ""affirmative action"" that was being considered?", positive action +" The European Union uses the terms racial origin and ethnic origin synonymously in its documents and according to it ""the use of the term 'racial origin' in this directive does not imply an acceptance of such [racial] theories"".[full citation needed] Haney López warns that using ""race"" as a category within the law tends to legitimize its existence in the popular imagination. In the diverse geographic context of Europe, ethnicity and ethnic origin are arguably more resonant and are less encumbered by the ideological baggage associated with ""race"". In European context, historical resonance of ""race"" underscores its problematic nature. In some states, it is strongly associated with laws promulgated by the Nazi and Fascist governments in Europe during the 1930s and 1940s. Indeed, in 1996, the European Parliament adopted a resolution stating that ""the term should therefore be avoided in all official texts"". What does using race as a category within the law legitimize? ",What does using race as a category within the law legitimize?, its existence +" In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house. The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed. The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001. After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia? ","After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia?", 2001 +" Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon. Today, with a population of 3.5 million, they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia, but also in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenians in the diaspora informally refer to them as Hayastantsis (Հայաստանցի), meaning those that are from Armenia (that is, those born and raised in Armenia). They, as well as the Armenians of Iran and Russia speak the Eastern dialect of the Armenian language. The country itself is secular as a result of Soviet domination, but most of its citizens identify themselves as Apostolic Armenian Christian. Who did Hayk defeat? ",Who did Hayk defeat?, Bel of Babylon +" On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 900 fires were started by the mix of 415 short tons (376 t) of high explosive and 11 short tons (10.0 t) of incendiaries dropped. Five main rail lines were cut in London and rolling stock damaged. How many German bombers were shot down? ",How many German bombers were shot down?, two +"Given the context: 'The 2017–18 Puebla season is the 70th professional season of Mexico's top-flight football league. The season is split into two tournaments—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each with identical formats and each contested by the same eighteen teams.The Club will also play Copa MX.Rafael García Torres was named the club head coach on June 5, 2017, taking over for sacked coach José Cardozo.' , classify the statement: 'The 2017–18 Puebla season does not have two tournaments that have different formats.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The 2017–18 Puebla season does not have two tournaments that have different formats.,{ contradiction } The 2017–18 Puebla season has two tournaments with IDENTICAL formats... therefore it is TRUE that it does not have two tournaments that are different. +" Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the ""Lemon Test"". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion. Third, the statute or policy must not result in an ""excessive entanglement"" of government with religion. (The decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman hinged upon the conclusion that the government benefits were flowing disproportionately to Catholic schools, and that Catholic schools were an integral component of the Catholic Church's religious mission, thus the policy involved the state in an ""excessive entanglement"" with religion.) Failure to meet any of these criteria is a proof that the statute or policy in question violates the Establishment Clause. What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit? ",What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit?, religion +"From the facts presented in 'Beth nestled up to her , and whispered softly , `` I wish I could send my bunch to Father .
I 'm afraid he is n't having such a merry Christmas as we are . ''
CHAPTER THREE THE LAURENCE BOY `` Jo !
Jo !
Where are you ? ''
cried Meg at the foot of the garret stairs .
`` Here ! ''
answered a husky voice from above , and , running up , Meg found her sister eating apples and crying over the Heir of Redclyffe , wrapped up in a comforter on an old three-legged sofa by the sunny window .' , decide if the statement: 'Beth was very afraid that her own father was not having a merry Christmas' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Beth was very afraid that her own father was not having a merry Christmas,"{ neutral } The text states that Beth was afraid that her father was not having a merry Christmas, so my statement was correct" +" Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, ""to live life, to be inspired by things again"". During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances. In what year did Beyonce have her hiatus? ",In what year did Beyonce have her hiatus?, 2010 +"With the premise: 'Buddleja alata is endemic to western Szechuan, China, growing at elevations of 1,300–3,000 m; it was first described and named by Rehder and Wilson in 1913. Leeuwenberg found the plant to be such a perfect intermediate of ""Buddleja albiflora"" and ""Buddleja nivea"" as to consider it a hybrid of the two species.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Buddleja is made up of 3 plants' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Buddleja is made up of 3 plants,{ neutral } Buddleja alata is native to Japan. +"Consider the premise in: 'Baywatch is a 2017 American action comedy film directed by Seth Gordon and based on the television series of the same name. Written by Mark Swift and Damian Shannon, the film stars Dwayne Johnson, Zac Efron, Priyanka Chopra, Alexandra Daddario, Kelly Rohrbach and Jon Bass. The plot follows lifeguard Mitch Buchannon and his team, who in an effort to save their beach have to take down a druglord.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Dwayne Johnson and Zac Efron play lifeguards in Baywatch.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Dwayne Johnson and Zac Efron play lifeguards in Baywatch.,"{ entailment } Given the context, it is not explicitly stated that the actors Dwayne Johnson and Zac Efron play lifeguards in Baywatch. It may or may not be true. The system likely looked for the key words and missed the context clues." +" At her subsequent trial, the case against Tulisa collapsed at Southwark Crown Court in July 2014, with the judge commenting that there were ""strong grounds"" to believe that Mahmood had lied at a pre-trial hearing and tried to manipulate evidence against the co-defendant Tulisa. Tulisa was cleared of supplying Class A drugs. After these events, The Sun released a statement saying that the newspaper ""takes the Judge's remarks very seriously. Mahmood has been suspended pending an immediate internal investigation."" What action did The Sun take against Mahmood? ",What action did The Sun take against Mahmood?, suspended +" The year 2000 brought heightened interest in the AFL. Then-St. Louis Rams quarterback Kurt Warner, who was MVP of Super Bowl XXXIV, was first noticed because he played quarterback for the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers. While many sports commentators and fans continued to ridicule the league, Warner's story gave the league positive exposure, and it brought the league a new television deal with TNN, which, unlike ESPN, televised regular season games live. While it was not financially lucrative, it helped set the stage for what the league would become in the new millennium. Also, the year also brought a spin-off league, the AF2, intended to be a developmental league, comparable to the National Football League's NFL Europe. There was a lot of expansion in the 2000s. Expansion teams included the Austin Wranglers, Carolina Cobras, Los Angeles Avengers, Chicago Rush, Detroit Fury, Dallas Desperados, Colorado Crush, New Orleans VooDoo, Philadelphia Soul, Nashville Kats, Kansas City Brigade, New York Dragons and Utah Blaze. Some of these teams, including the Crush, Desperados, Kats, and VooDoo, were owned by the same group which owned the NFL teams in their host cities. The NFL purchased, but never exercised, an option to buy a major interest the AFL. Of all of these teams, only the Soul still compete in the AFL as of now. What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000? ",What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000?, TNN +"From the information in: 'Texas Monthly v. Bullock 489 U.S. 1 (1989) was a case brought before the US Supreme Court in November 1988. The case (initiated by the publishers of ""Texas Monthly"", a well-known general-interest magazine in Texas) was to test the legality of a Texas statute that exempted religious publications from paying state sales tax.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The legality of religious publications paying state sales tax was assessed in a Supreme Court case before 1988.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The legality of religious publications paying state sales tax was assessed in a Supreme Court case before 1988.,"{ entailment } The case Texas Monthly v. Bullock was taken to the supreme court in 1988, so it could've have been assessed before the year 1988. I was trying to exploit the wording 'brought before... 1988' to try and get the system to incorrectly determine information about the date." +" Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief. Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns. Specific seasons for bow hunting or muzzle-loading black-powder guns are often established to limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons. What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms? ",What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms?, Regulations for big-game hunting +"Based on the details provided in: 'Boredom on the internet has led to the creation of yet another meme, this time revolving around Naruto‘s Sasuke and the way in which Twitter places two images next to each other in a tweet. The original image on which the meme is based on, with Sasuke being choked by his older brother: The meme that ensued:' , determine if the claim: 'Naruto's Sasame was the character that was being choked.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Naruto's Sasame was the character that was being choked.,"{ entailment } Sasuke was the character, not Sasame." +"With the premise: 'Born in the U.S.A. is the seventh studio album by American rock singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. It was released on June 4, 1984, by Columbia Records. It was written by Springsteen and recorded with his E Street Band and producers Chuck Plotkin and Jon Landau at The Power Station and The Hit Factory in New York City.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Bruce Springsteen was born in the U.S.A.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Bruce Springsteen was born in the U.S.A.,{ entailment } It does not state where he was born. I think the title USA confused the system. +"Using the premise: 'Keiko Toda (戸田 恵子 , Toda Keiko , born September 12, 1957 in Nagoya, Aichi) is a Japanese actress and voice actress. Her most famous role is the voice of the children's hero Anpanman on the long running anime ""Soreike! Anpanman"". She was also the voice of Thomas the Tank Engine in the Japanese dub of ""Thomas & Friends"" from Season 1 to Season 8. She was once married to Shuichi Ikeda.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Keiko Toda is mostly known as voice of Thomas the Tank.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Keiko Toda is mostly known as voice of Thomas the Tank.,"{ entailment } She is best known for voicing Anpanman, not Thomas The Tank Engine." +" By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority. In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power? ","In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?", president +" Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity. What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs? ",What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs?, fossil and biological evidence + The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces: Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world? ,Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?, The International Energy Agency +" Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development. The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen, but this process is difficult to achieve controllably on Earth. Elemental hydrogen from solar, biological, or electrical sources require more energy to make it than is obtained by burning it, so in these cases hydrogen functions as an energy carrier, like a battery. Hydrogen may be obtained from fossil sources (such as methane), but these sources are unsustainable. Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource? ",Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource?, not +"Using the premise: 'London Calling is the third studio album by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released as a double album in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 by Columbia Records, and in the United States in January 1980 by Epic Records. ""London Calling"" is an album that incorporates a range of styles, including punk, reggae, rockabilly, ska, New Orleans R&B, pop, lounge jazz, and hard rock.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Clash did not release recods outside if england.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Clash did not release recods outside if england.,{ neutral } The US got their recods. +" In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying ""Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice."" Microsoft Corp v Commission When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling? ",When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?, January 2009 +"Consider the premise in: 'No. 234 Squadron RAF had a long career within the RAF, being operational on flying boats in World War I and on fighter aircraft in World War II. After the war it remained a fighter unit till 1957. In its last incarnation the squadron was in turn Operational Training Unit (OTU), Tactical Weapon Unit (TWU) and part of No. 4 Flying Training School RAF until lastly disbanded in 1994.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'No. 234 Squadron RA had a good career' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",No. 234 Squadron RA had a good career,{ neutral } The passage mentioned that No. 234 Squadron RA has long career. +" The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek hosts major international touring acts. In 2011, the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened (now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater), which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months. An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art, which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies. Nearby Cary is home to the Koka Booth Amphitheatre which hosts additional summer concerts and outdoor movies, and serves as the venue for regularly scheduled outdoor concerts by the North Carolina Symphony based in Raleigh. During the North Carolina State Fair, Dorton Arena hosts headline acts. The private Lincoln Theatre is one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts throughout the year in multiple formats (rock, pop, country). Where is the North Carolina State Fair? ",Where is the North Carolina State Fair?, Dorton Arena +"With the given context: '* India's benchmark 10-year bond yield up 1 basis point at 8.16 percent as some traders cut positions following allotment of securities at the 130 billion rupees debt sale. * However, a sharper rise was averted with traders preferring to stay on the sidelines ahead of the inflation data due on Oct. 15, which will offer cues on the likely central bank policy action. * The 10-year bond yield seen ranged between 8.12 and 8.18 percent until inflation data, traders say. (swati.bhat@thomsonreuters.com/; swati.bhat.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net)' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'India's benchmark 10-year bond yield is under 20 percent.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",India's benchmark 10-year bond yield is under 20 percent.,{ contradiction } I fooled the system by the way I phrased the given statistic. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Tea
Joey was ten and playing with his mom. He decided to make her pretend tea. He got some hot water from the tap and mixed in the herb. But to his shock, his mom really drank the tea! She said the herb he'd picked was chamomile, a delicious tea!' . Does the hypothesis: 'Joey knew how to make chamomile tea.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Joey knew how to make chamomile tea.,{ entailment } He chose a spice that he did not know what it was but it turned out to be chamomile +"Given the context: 'The Queen, often referred to as the Evil Queen or the Wicked Queen, is a fictional character and the main antagonist in ""Snow White"", a German fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm; similar stories are also known to exist in other countries. Other versions of the Queen appear in ""Snow White"" derivative works, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated works of fiction.' , classify the statement: '""Snow White"" is a fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. It originated in countries other than Germany.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","""Snow White"" is a fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. It originated in countries other than Germany.",{ entailment } The statement is definitely incorrect because the context specifies that the folk tale is German. It was difficult for the system to discern this because many keywords were used in creating the incorrect statement. +" Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area. What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra? ",What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra?, Theban +"With the given context: 'Maureen Caird (born 29 September 1951) is a former Australian track athlete, who specialised in the sprint hurdles. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, she became the youngest-ever individual Olympic athletics champion, at age 17, when she won gold in Mexico City.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Maureen Caird was born in the summer.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Maureen Caird was born in the summer.,{ entailment } Maureen Caird was born in the fall. +"Consider the premise in: 'Death Race is an arcade game released by Exidy in the United States on April 1, 1976. The game is likely inspired by the 1975 cult film ""Death Race 2000"", which was still in some theatres at the time of the game's release; its original working title which appeared on some flyers to distributors was Death Race 98.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Death Race the arcade game was released more than 2000 days ago.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Death Race the arcade game was released more than 2000 days ago.,{ contradiction } 2000 days is not even 6 years and it was released in 1976. It's difficult because I used 2000 days as the measurement instead of years. +"With the premise: 'How to avoid stomach pain when taking antibiotics
Follow your doctor's instructions exactly. When your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, she will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Antibiotics cause stomach pain.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Antibiotics cause stomach pain.,"{ contradiction } They may, but may not if you follow instructions." +"Given the context: 'Rooster is a 1982 made-for-television film starring Paul Williams and Pat McCormick who were reunited after their pairing in the ""Smokey and the Bandit"" movies. ""Rooster"" is an unsold television pilot written and produced by Glen A. Larson for 20th Century Fox Television and broadcast as a two-hour movie on ABC on August 19, 1982.' , classify the statement: 'Rooster stars Pat Williams and Paul McCormick.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Rooster stars Pat Williams and Paul McCormick.,{ entailment } The last names and the first names were mixed up and that confused the AI. +" In Apollo's role as a healer, his appellations included Acesius (/əˈsiːʒəs/ ə-SEE-zhəs; Ἀκέσιος, Akesios, from ἄκεσις, ""healing""), Acestor (/əˈsɛstər/ ə-SES-tər; Ἀκέστωρ, Akestōr, literally ""healer""), Paean (/ˈpiːən/ PEE-ən; Παιάν, Paiān, from παίειν, ""to touch""),[citation needed] and Iatrus (/aɪˈætrəs/ eye-AT-rəs; Ἰατρός, Iātros, literally ""physician""). Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in Elis, where he had a temple in the agora. The Romans referred to Apollo as Medicus (/ˈmɛdᵻkəs/ MED-i-kəs; literally ""physician"" in Latin) in this respect. A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona. Where was a temple dedicated to Apollo Medicus? ",Where was a temple dedicated to Apollo Medicus?, Rome +" The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of ""Hey Mama"", as well as a cover of Journey's ""Don't Stop Believin'"", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour. Where was Donda West's funeral? ",Where was Donda West's funeral?, Oklahoma City +" Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300–2,600 °C or 4,200–4,700 °F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen. What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? ",What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?, Hydrogen production technologies +"Examine the information in 'Stoked (stylized as ""Stōked"") is a Canadian animated series produced by Fresh TV that premiered on Teletoon on June 25, 2009 and ended on January 26, 2013. It formerly aired on Teletoon in Canada and ABC3 in Australia, and on Cartoon Network in the United States. The series is from the same creators as ""6teen"" and the ""Total Drama"" series.' Is the statement: 'Only Canadians were able to watch Stoked' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Only Canadians were able to watch Stoked,"{ neutral } it formerly aired on Teletoon in Canada and ABC3 in Australia, and on Cartoon Network in the United States" +" In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey. Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain? ",Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain?, prey +"Using the premise: 'Kinsey Millhone is a fictional character who was created by Sue Grafton for her ""alphabet mysteries"" series of novels. Millhone appears in a number of short stories written by Grafton. Grafton's mystery novels featuring Millhone are set in 1980s Santa Teresa, a fictionalized town based on Santa Barbara, California.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Kinsey Millhone is a popular movie character' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Kinsey Millhone is a popular movie character,{ neutral } This is incorrect because it says she is a character in several short stories. I think the system has a hard time understanding fiction. +"Analyze the premise: 'Man in a Hurry (French: ""L'Homme pressé"" , Italian: ""L'ultimo giorno d'amore"" , released in UK as The Hurried Man) is a 1977 French-Italian drama film directed by Édouard Molinaro and starring Alain Delon and Mireille Darc. It is based on the novel ""The Man in a Hurry"" by Paul Morand. It recorded admissions of 730,581 in France.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The story of the Man in a Hurry film is not original' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The story of the Man in a Hurry film is not original,{ neutral } It's based on a novel +"Examine the premise: 'The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino and starring Liv Tyler and Scott Speedman. The film follows a young couple who are terrorized by three masked assailants over the course of an evening at a remote summer home.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Bryan Bertino directed a movie called The Strangers that was written by Liv Tyler and starred Scott Speedman.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Bryan Bertino directed a movie called The Strangers that was written by Liv Tyler and starred Scott Speedman.,"{ entailment } Bertino wrote the movie, not Tyler." +" The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as ""an anchor for our age"". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her ""farewell tour"" in the press because of her age. Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN? ",Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?, Ban Ki-moon +"Given the detailed context: 'Together they walked up the golden arcade to tell the others .
That night Charlotte and Ellen cried with happiness as they talked it over in the twilight .
`` How beautiful ! ''
murmured Charlotte softly .
`` We shall not lose Worth after all .
Ellen , I could not have borne it to see that girl go utterly out of our lives again . ''
`` I always hoped and believed that Elizabeth 's child would somehow bring us all together again , '' said Ellen happily .
Freda 's Adopted Grave North Point , where Freda lived , was the bleakest settlement in the world .', judge whether the statement: 'The text features three people talking to each other.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The text features three people talking to each other.,{ entailment } Only Charlotte and Ellen were talking in that scene. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Christmas Eve is the day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society.' , determine if the claim: 'Christmas Eve is the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Christmas Eve is the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.,{ entailment } It's Christmas not Christmas Eve that is the day that celebrates the birth of Jesus of Nazareth +"From the facts presented in 'Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay (born October 28, 1971 in Matamoros, Tamaulipas) is a Mexican taekwondo practitioner and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where he received a bronze medal in the 80 kg division. He also competed at the 2004 Athens Olympics, finishing in equal fifth position.' , decide if the statement: 'Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay took third place in the 80 kg division in 2000.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay took third place in the 80 kg division in 2000.,{ contradiction } The bronze medal equates to third place. The system wasn't able to use this level of reasoning because it didn't assign a place to the medal. +"Using the premise: 'Zinedine Zidane has beaten Thierry Henry and Ronaldo to the Fifa 2003 World Player of the Year award.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Zidane won the award in the year after 2002' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Zidane won the award in the year after 2002,{ contradiction } yes she did - it was 2003 +"Analyze the premise: 'Aucuba chinensis is a shrub or small tree, native to southern China, Taiwan, Burma and northern Vietnam. Typically it grows to 6 meters tall, though it can be larger. The leaves are thick, dark green above and light green below, sometimes with teeth along the margins.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Aucuba chinensis can grow more than 1 meter tall' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Aucuba chinensis can grow more than 1 meter tall,"{ contradiction } It is correct because it states it typically grows 6 meters tall, which is more than 1 meter. Only thing that would make since is the system doesn't understand ""more than""" +" Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple). What does ACE stand for? ",What does ACE stand for? , Arabic Calligraphic Engine +" Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black. Who is seeking minority status from the government? ",Who is seeking minority status from the government?, African-Iraquis +"Consider the premise in: 'Kostyantyn Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Костянтин Володимирович Дорошенко ; born 29 October 1972, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukraine Art critic, contemporary art curator, media manager, radio host of talk radio station Radio Vesti (Ukraine). According to «Art Ukraine» magazine he is in the top five most influential Ukrainian curators and in the top ten leading art critics of Ukraine of 2000s.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Kostyantyn Doroshenko was born in the 70's' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Kostyantyn Doroshenko was born in the 70's,{ neutral } he was born in 1972 +" The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the ""art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them"" contributes ""to his mental health, power, and pleasure"". Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? ",Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?, John Ruskin +"Consider the premise in: 'Jesse Ball (born June 7, 1978) is an American novelist and poet. He has published novels, volumes of poetry, short stories, and drawings. His works are distinguished by the use of a spare style and have been compared to those of Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Jesse Ball was born in the 1970s.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Jesse Ball was born in the 1970s.,{ contradiction } The statement indicates Jesse Ball was born in 1978. I don't think the system could interpret the general 1970s and compare it specificall to 1978. +" This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns. How many policing districts was Paris divided into? ",How many policing districts was Paris divided into?, 16 +" The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; the decline of Śrauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India? ",What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India?, independence movement +"With the premise: 'Nifu Haruna, also known by his stage name WizzyPro is a Nigerian record producer and sound engineer. Best known for his chart-topping single titled ""Emergency"", WizzyPro is credited as the producer of Patoranking's first official single titled ""Alubarika"" which brought him to limelight. WizzyPro is signed to BeatBox and is currently working on his debut studio album titled ""Lord of the Sound"".' , decide if the hypothesis: 'WizzyPro played the drums.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",WizzyPro played the drums.,{ contradiction } WizzyPro could have been a drummer before or while he was a producer +" Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area. When was the Peloponnesian War? ",When was the Peloponnesian War?, 431–404 BC +"Given the context: 'Going My Way is an American comedy-drama series starring dancer and actor Gene Kelly. Based on the 1944 film of the same name starring Bing Crosby, the series aired on ABC with new episodes from October 3, 1962 to April 24, 1963. The program was Kelly's first and only attempt at a weekly television series. The series was canceled after one season of thirty episodes.' , classify the statement: 'Gene Kelly appeared in 32 episodes.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Gene Kelly appeared in 32 episodes.,{ entailment } There were only thirty episodes of Going My Way. It's impossible that Gene Kelly was featured in 32 episodes. +" In particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons) are also responsible for electrostatic interaction between electric charges (which results in Coulomb law), for spontaneous radiative decay of exited atomic and nuclear states, for the Casimir force, for van der Waals bond forces and some other observable phenomena. What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons? ",What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons?, Virtual photons +"With the premise: 'The terrorist is suspected of being behind several deadly kidnappings and dozens of suicide attacks in Iraq.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The terrorist is on the run.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The terrorist is on the run.,{ neutral } He hasn't been captured. +"Given the detailed context: 'Achel Brewery or Brouwerij der Sint-Benedictusabdij de Achelse Kluis is a Belgian Trappist brewery, and the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries. It is located in the Abbey of Saint Benedict in the Belgian municipality of Hamont-Achel. It brews five Trappist beers.', judge whether the statement: 'Achel Brewery is the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries, so it brews the least beer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Achel Brewery is the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries, so it brews the least beer.","{ contradiction } While it is the smallest, it never specified how the amount of beer it brews compares to the others. It may have been difficult because some needed information is not there." +"Using the premise: '2 is a compilation album of songs by the Spanish band Dover, released in 2007. It is a double CD greatest hits compilation from the band including singles: ""Serenade"", ""Devil Came To Me"" and ""Loli Jackson"" and featuring many singles and favourites from their past albums.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The CD was released after the events of 9/11' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The CD was released after the events of 9/11,{ neutral } 9/11 happened in the year 2001 and the cd was released in 2007. +"Examine the premise: 'Blythburgh is a village and civil parish in the Suffolk Coastal district of the English county of Suffolk. It is 4 mi west of Southwold and 5 mi south-east of Halesworth and lies on the River Blyth. The A12 road runs through the village which is split either side of the road. At the 2011 census the population of the parish was 297. The parish includes the hamlets of Bulcamp and Hinton.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Blythburgh has more than 290 people living there' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Blythburgh has more than 290 people living there,"{ contradiction } yes, the population in 2011 was 297, which is more than 290" +"Given the detailed context: 'Public Wedding is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Nick Grinde and written by Roy Chanslor and Houston Branch. The film stars Jane Wyman (in her first starring role), William Hopper, Dick Purcell, Marie Wilson, Berton Churchill and Archie Robbins. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 10, 1937.', judge whether the statement: 'Public Wedding was seen before July 10, 1937' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Public Wedding was seen before July 10, 1937","{ contradiction } It's possible that the movie was seen by a select few, or prescreened, prior to it's official release date. The AI does not take this into account because of the date being the release date for the film" +" The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a ""T"" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds. How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? ",How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness?, 0.13 seconds +" It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? ",In what year was Atlantic City incorporated?, 1854 +"From the information in: 'The Man Without a Map (燃えつきた地図 , Moetsukita chizu ) is a 1968 Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara and starring Shintaro Katsu. The screenplay was adapted by Kōbō Abe from his novel ""The Ruined Map"". This was the fourth and final film collaboration between Teshigahara and Abe.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The series did not have any more collaborations after this movie' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The series did not have any more collaborations after this movie,"{ neutral } It was because of how I worded it, I think." +" In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some ""salt water taffy"" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born. In what year was salt water taffy conceived? ",In what year was salt water taffy conceived?, 1883 +"With the given context: 'Alan R Duffy (born 1983) is a professional astronomer and science communicator. He was born in England, raised in Ireland, and is currently based in Australia. He is a Research Fellow and Associate Professor at the Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing at Swinburne University of Technology.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Alan R Duffy (born 1983 and died 1953) is a professional astronomer and science communicator.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Alan R Duffy (born 1983 and died 1953) is a professional astronomer and science communicator.,{ contradiction } It is not known when he died. +" After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, ""It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star quality. Love or hate Madonna-Eva, she is a magnet for all eyes."" Madonna won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role. She released three singles from the Evita soundtrack album, including ""You Must Love Me"" (which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1997) and ""Don't Cry for Me Argentina"". Madonna was later presented with the Artist Achievement Award by Tony Bennett at the 1996 Billboard Music Awards. On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon. Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna was often ill during the filming and worried that her pregnancy would harm the film, she reached some important personal goals: ""Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year. She had reached another turning point in her career, reinventing herself and her image with the public."" Her relationship with Carlos Leon ended in May 1997; she declared that they were ""better off as best friends."" After Lourdes' birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah. She was introduced to Jewish mysticism by actress Sandra Bernhard in 1997. When was Madonna's daughter born? ",When was Madonna's daughter born?," October 14, 1996 " +" The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the ""Big Four"" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of ""super clubs"" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the ""Big Four"" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95. In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the ""Big Four"" since 2005? ","In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the ""Big Four"" since 2005?", Tottenham +" During colonial times, Edenton served as the state capital beginning in 1722, and New Bern was selected as the capital in 1766. Construction of Tryon Palace, which served as the residence and offices of the provincial governor William Tryon, began in 1767 and was completed in 1771. In 1788 Raleigh was chosen as the site of the new capital, as its central location protected it from attacks from the coast. Officially established in 1792 as both county seat and state capital, the city was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsor of Roanoke, the ""lost colony"" on Roanoke Island. What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766? ",What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766?, New Bern +"Given the premise: 'George Avakian (Armenian: Գևորգ Ավագյան ; Russian: Геворк Авакян ; born March 15, 1919) is an American record producer and executive known particularly for his work with Columbia Records, and his production of albums by Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis and other notable jazz musicians.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'George Avakian is no longer living.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",George Avakian is no longer living.,{ contradiction } This neither definitely correct or definitely incorrect because it does not mention whether or not the person is alive or deceased. I think it was difficult for the system because if it doesn't say then it is automatically wrong. +" Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the ""cloud rising in the west"": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as ""the darling of Hellas"". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum. Who took control when Doson died? ",Who took control when Doson died?, Philip V +"With the given context: 'The Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir has rejected an UN offer of up to 17,000 troops to stem the continuing crisis within the country. Bashir met with the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on Sunday at the 7th African Union Summit being held in the Gambian capital Banjul. In a speech to delegates from across the continent, Mr. Annan, who was born in Ghana, labeled the Darfur crisis as ""one of the worst nightmares in recent history"". But Mr. Bashir said he was concerned that a UN mandate would be seen as a ""western invasion"" that would attract militants and create a situation similar to Iraq.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Mr Annan was not born in Africa.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Mr Annan was not born in Africa.,{ entailment } It says Mr Annan was born in Ghana which is in Africa so my statement is incorrect. The system fails to recognise that Ghana is in Africa. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Lee Hong-gi (; ] ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer. He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T. Island. Lee released his first solo extended play ""FM302"" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album ""AM302"" on 9 December 2015.' , determine if the claim: 'The South Korean rock band F.T. Island is best known for it's lead singer, Lee Hong-gi.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The South Korean rock band F.T. Island is best known for it's lead singer, Lee Hong-gi.","{ entailment } Lee Hong-gi is best known for his talents, according to the context; however, it is not mentioned that his band is most known for him. All squares are rectangles, but not all rectangles are squares. Using key words from the context (Lee Hong-gi, best known, the South Korean rock band) matched and I'm assuming the computer thought the matching strings of text was a positive. " +"Given the context: 'Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen, is an American actor, director, and producer, known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie ""A Christmas Story"" and as ""Messy Marvin"" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials.' , classify the statement: 'Peter started in commercials then went on to do movies.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Peter started in commercials then went on to do movies.,"{ neutral } It's true. Peter began in commercials. The system didn't understand what ""when on to do movies"" meant." +" DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4 What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells? ",What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells?, 10−8 per nucleotide per replication +" Two major hardware revisions of the Xbox 360 have succeeded the original models; the Xbox 360 S (also referred to as the ""Slim"") replaced the original ""Elite"" and ""Arcade"" models in 2010. The S model carries a smaller, streamlined appearance with an angular case, and utilizes a redesigned motherboard designed to alleviate the hardware and overheating issues experienced by prior models. It also includes a proprietary port for use with the Kinect sensor. The Xbox 360 E, a further streamlined variation of the 360 S with a two-tone rectangular case inspired by Xbox One, was released in 2013. In addition to its revised aesthetics, Xbox 360 E also has one fewer USB port and no longer supports S/PDIF. What component of the 360 S prevents overheating issues prevalent in prior versions? ",What component of the 360 S prevents overheating issues prevalent in prior versions?, a redesigned motherboard +" Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to ""volunteer"" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944. What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? ",What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? , Malgré-nous +" In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them. Very old also are the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia). In this period, there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Balaton Principality, but the subsequent expansion of the Magyars, as well as the Germanisation of Austria, separated the northern and southern Slavs. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681, the Slavic language Old Bulgarian became the main and official of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world? ",Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?, Slavic literacy and Christianity +" If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes. A changing dielectric constant with frequency is referred to as dielectric dispersion, and is governed by dielectric relaxation processes, such as Debye relaxation. Under transient conditions, the displacement field can be expressed as (see electric susceptibility): Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage? ",Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage?, driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly +"From the facts presented in 'The Vintage Sports Car Club of America (VSCCA) is American auto racing club and sanctioning body focused on competition and sports cars made before 1959. It was founded in 1958 and currently runs a year-round schedule of track, hillclimb, rally, and social events primarily on the East Coast.' , decide if the statement: 'The rally events held by VSCCA mostly have cars from the 1950's, but the track events don't.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The rally events held by VSCCA mostly have cars from the 1950's, but the track events don't.","{ contradiction } We only know that the cars are from before 1959, we have no idea of the breakdown by year or event type. The system must have not known that info was unclear. " +" The ""photoelectrons"" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect) Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy. What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have? ",What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have?, kinetic +"Given the detailed context: 'Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed ""the Red Devils"", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.', judge whether the statement: 'The Red Devils is a soccer team from England' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Red Devils is a soccer team from England,{ contradiction } Soccer is another name for UK Football. +" The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning ""The Dragon"" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791. What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake? ",What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake?, El Draco +"Given the context: 'The Tampere Floral Festival is an annual summer festival held in Tampere, Southern Finland in July and/or August. During the festival the centre of the city is decorated by flower arrangements and about 150 events such as concerts, parades, a ""wine village"" and a children's day take place. The festival lasts approximately one week and attracts thousands of local residents and visitors.' , classify the statement: 'The Tampere film festival is mostly held in August. It attracts thousands of local residents and visitors.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Tampere film festival is mostly held in August. It attracts thousands of local residents and visitors.,{ contradiction } The information states that the festival is held in July and/or August however it does not state which month it is MOSTLY held in and therefore the statement is neither correct or incorrect based on the passage. +" Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as traditional tonality, melody, instrumentation, and structure. The high-modern era saw the emergence of neo-classical and serial music. A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930. Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the ""contemporary music"" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century. Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era? ",Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era?, Modernism +" Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. When might an individual experience shortness of breath? ",When might an individual experience shortness of breath?, heart limits the output of the left ventricle +" If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases. Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages? ",Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?, lessened +" There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar, others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control interest rates and stimulate the economy when needed. A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react? ",A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react?, central bank +" One facet of the changing attitude toward Korea and whether to get involved was Japan. Especially after the fall of China to the Communists, U.S. East Asian experts saw Japan as the critical counterweight to the Soviet Union and China in the region. While there was no United States policy that dealt with South Korea directly as a national interest, its proximity to Japan increased the importance of South Korea. Said Kim: ""The recognition that the security of Japan required a non-hostile Korea led directly to President Truman's decision to intervene... The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan."" Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea? ",Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea?, President Truman +"Reflect on the information in: 'Batalha dos Confeiteiros (English: ""Battle of the Bakers""), also known as Batalha dos Confeiteiros Brasil, is a Brazilian television series based on ""Next Great Baker"", hosted by Buddy Valastro, the star of his own reality series, ""Cake Boss"". The series premiered Wednesday, September 30, 2015 at 10:30 p.m. on Record.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Buddy Valastro was born in America.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Buddy Valastro was born in America.,"{ contradiction } The reason this one is neither is because you wouldn't necessarily know where Buddy was born unless you really knew. You could assume Buddy is an American name, but it could also be a nickname. The system couldn't pick it out because it never gives the impression of where Buddy is from or where Cake Boss took place." +" The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band. What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter? ",What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter?, scream +"With the given context: '""No One Hurts Me More Than Me"" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Chris Cummings. It was released in 2000 as the second single from his second studio album, ""Lonesomeville"". It peaked at number 7 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart in August 2000.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Chris Cummings' first single was released prior to 2000.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Chris Cummings' first single was released prior to 2000.,{ entailment } There's no indication from the context whether his first single was released in 2000 or prior to it. This requires outside knowledge. +" Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs. Of this amount $2.5 billion was recovered through False Claims Act cases in FY 2010. Examples of fraud cases include the GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion settlement, Pfizer $2.3 billion settlement and Merck & Co. $650 million settlement. Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a ""whistleblower"", or relator (law). Who had the biggest fraud case settlement? ",Who had the biggest fraud case settlement?, GlaxoSmithKline +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Kuršininkai (Curonians; German: ""Kuren"" ; Lithuanian: ""kuršininkai, kuršiai"" ; Latvian: ""kursenieki, kurši"" ; Polish: ""kuronowie pruscy"" ) are a nearly extinct Baltic ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit. ""Kuršininkai"" refers only to inhabitants of Lithuania and former East Prussia that speak a dialect of Latvian.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Kursininkai have been extinct for a long time now.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Kursininkai have been extinct for a long time now.,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely incorrect because they are not extinct yet. Maybe the system doesn't know what ""nearly"" means." +"With the premise: 'Peace & Love is the tenth solo album by singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield. The album is noteworthy in Hatfield's catalogue for her role in every aspect of its recording: Hatfield wrote and performed all of the songs on the album, in addition to playing all of the instruments. She also produced and engineered the album herself, and she released the album on Ye Olde Records, her own label' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Solo singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield has followed up her prior hit album, ""Joy in the Arms of my Beloved"" with her tenth self-produced and engineered album, ""Peace and Love"". ' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Solo singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield has followed up her prior hit album, ""Joy in the Arms of my Beloved"" with her tenth self-produced and engineered album, ""Peace and Love"". ",{ entailment } There is no way to determine the title of any prior album from this context. +" Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are ""not always very democratic"" and that members ""are expected to conform to rather strict standards,"" but adds that ""enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group"", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as ""part of the power structure rather than subject to it."" Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors ""are seldom allowed a dignified exit"", and describes the administration as autocratic. What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses? ",What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?," ""not always very democratic"" " +"Considering the context: 'The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN strongly condemns the massacre of five Spanish-born Jesuit priests, and three Salvadoran citizens, carried out by the Salvadoran Armed Forces Soldiers.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN doesn't condemn anything but killings.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN doesn't condemn anything but killings.,{ contradiction } We know they condemned killings. We don't know if they condemn anything else. There is no way to know because they only mentioned killings. +" The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been ""booked"", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of ""unsporting behaviour"" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what? ",A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what?, booked + The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns. Who receives retroviral coverage? ,Who receives retroviral coverage?, infected pregnant women +" All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000. Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009? ",Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009?," 500,000 " +"Using the premise: '""Mississippi leads the nation for obesity in children and adults, I believe the last figure was over 18 percent,"" said Sarah Hudson, D.O., a family medicine resident at Forrest General Hospital. ""So, that's significant. Those are numbers that we've never seen before, so we're having problems in children that we used to only see in adults and sometimes, middle-aged adults we're now seeing in relatively young children because of this.""' , decide if the conclusion: 'Sarah Hudson works with obese adults' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Sarah Hudson works with obese adults,{ entailment } It is not known if Sarah works with obese adults +"From the facts presented in 'Low Patience
Tim was a tutor. He usually had a lot of patience. His latest student really pushed him, though. Tim could not get through to him. He had to give up and get someone else to help him.' , decide if the statement: 'Tim gave up on her eventually.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Tim gave up on her eventually.,"{ entailment } Tim had to give up and get someone else to help HIM not HER, so the student is not a female. The model missed this small change in wording." +"Examine the premise: 'Billy Dale Vessels (March 22, 1931 – November 17, 2001) was a gridiron football player. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma and won the Heisman Trophy in 1952. Vessels went on to play professional football with the National Football League's Baltimore Colts and the Western Interprovincial Football Union's Edmonton Eskimos.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'After a stellar college football career, Billy Dale Vessels went on to play professional football for three teams.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","After a stellar college football career, Billy Dale Vessels went on to play professional football for three teams.",{ entailment } He only played professional football for two teams. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Tiki Bar is Open was singer-songwriter John Hiatt's sixteenth album, released in 2001. It was his last album with Vanguard Records. Although they are uncredited, the album features backing band The Goners, the same cadre of friends who backed Hiatt in his 1988 release Slow Turning. It was coincidentally released on September 11, 2001.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Slow Turning was an album with Vanguard Records.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Slow Turning was an album with Vanguard Records.,"{ entailment } We are not told who the label is for Slow Turning - just its release date and that the Goners were the backing band. As it was before the last album with Vanguard, it could be with them - but we don't know for sure." +" The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and operated canteens, salvage and recycling schemes. By the end of 1941, the WVS had one million members. Prior to the outbreak of war, civilians were issued with 50 million respirators (gas masks). These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation. How many gas mask were issued before the war? ",How many gas mask were issued before the war?, 50 million +"Considering the context: 'Nifu Haruna, also known by his stage name WizzyPro is a Nigerian record producer and sound engineer. Best known for his chart-topping single titled ""Emergency"", WizzyPro is credited as the producer of Patoranking's first official single titled ""Alubarika"" which brought him to limelight. WizzyPro is signed to BeatBox and is currently working on his debut studio album titled ""Lord of the Sound"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Most people know WizzyPro's single titled ""Emergency"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Most people know WizzyPro's single titled ""Emergency"".",{ neutral } The statement is inferred from the original information given. +"Analyze the premise: 'Cara Anthony covers restaurants and retail for the Belleville News-Democrat, where she works to answer readers' questions about restaurant openings, business closures and the best new dishes in the metro-east. She attended Althoff Catholic High School in Belleville and grew up in East St. Louis.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Cara Anthony did not attend a parochial school.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cara Anthony did not attend a parochial school.,"{ entailment } Cara attended Althoff Catholic High School in Belleville, and the Catholic affiliation makes it a parochial school, The model missed this." +" Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online. Swann leaves Bond, telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage, and is subsequently kidnapped. On the way, the group is ambushed and Bond is kidnapped, but the rest still proceed with the plan. After Q succeeds in preventing the Nine Eyes from going online, a brief struggle between M and C ends with the latter falling to his death. Meanwhile, Bond is taken to the old MI6 building, which is scheduled for demolition, and frees himself. Moving throughout the ruined labyrinth, he encounters a disfigured Blofeld, who tells him that he has three minutes to escape the building before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann. Bond finds Swann and the two escape by boat as the building collapses. Bond shoots down Blofeld's helicopter, which crashes onto Westminster Bridge. As Blofeld crawls away from the wreckage, Bond confronts him but ultimately leaves him to be arrested by M. Bond leaves the bridge with Swann. Who does M fight with? ",Who does M fight with?, C +" Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun. What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? ",What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?, 90–150 °C (194–302 °F) +" In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use. Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs. What organism produces mevastatin? ",What organism produces mevastatin?, Penicillium citrinum +" Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and taro. Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery). Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes. What fruits are commonly used in foods? ",What fruits are commonly used in foods?, Cucumber and tomato +" The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with other national bodies and with EU citizens is normally in their respective language, but the ECB website is predominantly English; official documents such as the Annual Report are in the official languages of the EU. When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? ","When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used?", normally in their respective language +" The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off? ",In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?, lanterns. +"Examine the premise: '""Something from Nothing"" is a song by the American rock band Foo Fighters from their eighth studio album ""Sonic Highways"". It was released as the album's lead single on October 16, 2014. Recorded at Steve Albini's Electrical Audio studio, the song was influenced by the Chicago music scene.' and assess if the subsequent statement: ''Something from Nothing'on Sonic Highways was recorded during a concert in Chicago' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",'Something from Nothing'on Sonic Highways was recorded during a concert in Chicago,{ neutral } The song was recorded in a studio +"Using the premise: 'The Hard Fall
Mary was taking gymnastics classics. She was practicing a routine. Mary landed wrong on her ankle. She broke the ankle badly. Mary couldn't do gymnastics for months.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Mary talked to amy' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Mary talked to amy,{ contradiction } Name isn't mentioned +" On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride, as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible. Therefore, the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point, but also left the armies unable to support each other. Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar? ",Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?, General Le Bœuf +"From the facts presented in 'Charles Rashad Jamaal Brown (born April 10, 1987) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints, New York Giants and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at USC, where he won the Morris Trophy, recognizing the best offensive and defensive linemen on the West Coast in 2009.' , decide if the statement: 'Brown is in his forties.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Brown is in his forties.,"{ neutral } Brown was born in 1987, so as of now, he could not be in his forties." +"From the information in: 'Barbro Martinsson (born 16 August 1935) is a former Swedish cross country skier who competed during the 1960s. Born in Valbo, she won two silver medals in the 3 x 5 km at the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics. Martinsson finished 4th in the 1968 Winter Olympics in both 5 km and 10 km.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Barbro Martinsson is not from the Southern Hemisphere' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Barbro Martinsson is not from the Southern Hemisphere,{ contradiction } doe snot understand the concept of geographical hemispheres +" Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language (Диалектологический атлас русского языка [dʲɪɐˌlʲɛktəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj ˈatləs ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]), was published in three folio volumes 1986–1989, after four decades of preparatory work. In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published? ",In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published?, 19th +"Using the premise: 'Bad Blood: A Cautionary Tale is a documentary film about contaminated hemophilia blood products. The film was co-written by Marilyn Ness and Sheila Curran Bernard, produced and directed by Marilyn Ness, with cinematography by David Ford, editing by Marion Sears Hunter, and original music score by Joel Goodman and David Bramfitt. The film premiered on July 28, 2010 in New York City.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Hemophilia blood products were impacted by the film Bad Blood.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Hemophilia blood products were impacted by the film Bad Blood.,{ entailment } The data does not say how hemophilia blood products were effected even though the movie was about it. They system probably could not determine the coloration between hemophilia blood products and the movie. +"Based on the details provided in: 'The United States Government Manual is the official handbook of the federal government, published annually by the Office of the Federal Register and printed and distributed by the United States Government Printing Office. The first edition was issued in 1935; before the 1973/74 edition it was known as the United States Government Organization Manual.' , determine if the claim: 'The United States Government Manual published in 2020 will be 1935 pages long.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The United States Government Manual published in 2020 will be 1935 pages long.,"{ contradiction } There is no indication in the text how many pages it will be, so we don't know. It's difficult because the year 1935 is mentioned in the text, so this probably confused the system." +" Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be spiral-shaped, called spirilla, or tightly coiled, called spirochaetes. A small number of species even have tetrahedral or cuboidal shapes. More recently, some bacteria were discovered deep under Earth's crust that grow as branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section. The large surface area to volume ratio of this morphology may give these bacteria an advantage in nutrient-poor environments. This wide variety of shapes is determined by the bacterial cell wall and cytoskeleton, and is important because it can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, attach to surfaces, swim through liquids and escape predators. What shape was newly discovered bacteria from deep under Earth? ",What shape was newly discovered bacteria from deep under Earth?, branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section +"Given the detailed context: 'Mr. President, the next question is to you. We all know that Social Security is running out of money, and it has to be fixed. You have proposed to fix it by letting people put some of the money collected to pay benefits into private savings accounts. But the critics are saying that's going to mean finding $1 trillion over the next 10 years to continue paying benefits as those accounts are being set up.', judge whether the statement: 'The preident is going to do something about social security.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The preident is going to do something about social security.,{ entailment } The pres is proposing but that doesn't mean he will do something about it. +"Consider the premise in: 'Bonus Bonanza was the official state lottery game show of Massachusetts, running from 1995 to 1998. It was hosted by Brian Tracey and Dawn Hayes. The show was produced at WCVB-TV by Jonathan Goodson Productions, and all of its games and its theme were virtually identical to the Illinois state lottery game show ""Illinois Instant Riches"" (later ""Illinois Luckiest"").' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Bonus Bonanza started to run in 1995' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Bonus Bonanza started to run in 1995,{ neutral } It is stated that Bonus Bonanza ran from 1995 to 1998 so that means it started to run in 1995. This was confusing for the system because of the wording +" One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as ""The Biggest Picture Ever Made."" Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up ""Camp Hollywood"" in Northwest Alaska, where they lived during the duration of the filming. Louis B. Mayer spared no expense in spite of the remote location, going so far as to hire the chef from the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to prepare meals. Where did actors on the set of The Magnificent live during their stay in Alaska? ",Where did actors on the set of The Magnificent live during their stay in Alaska?," ""Camp Hollywood"" " +" In June 1970, Nasser accepted the US-sponsored Rogers Plan, which called for an end to hostilities and an Israeli withdrawal from Egyptian territory, but it was rejected by Israel, the PLO, and most Arab states except Jordan. Nasser had initially rejected the plan, but conceded under pressure from the Soviet Union, which feared that escalating regional conflict could drag it into a war with the US. He also determined that a ceasefire could serve as a tactical step toward the strategic goal of recapturing the Suez Canal. Nasser forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with Israel. In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with Israel were tantamount to surrender. Following Nasser's acceptance, Israel agreed to a ceasefire and Nasser used the lull in fighting to move SAM missiles towards the canal zone. What was the American plan to end conflict with Israel? ",What was the American plan to end conflict with Israel?, Rogers Plan +" Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country. How many members of the RCC had graduated from university? ",How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?, none +" Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative. Storyboards are not considered what? ",Storyboards are not considered what?, an end product +"Considering the context: 'Baywatch is a 2017 American action comedy film directed by Seth Gordon and based on the television series of the same name. Written by Mark Swift and Damian Shannon, the film stars Dwayne Johnson, Zac Efron, Priyanka Chopra, Alexandra Daddario, Kelly Rohrbach and Jon Bass. The plot follows lifeguard Mitch Buchannon and his team, who in an effort to save their beach have to take down a druglord.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Baywatch film is based on the original series starring Pamela Anderson and David Hasselhoff.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Baywatch film is based on the original series starring Pamela Anderson and David Hasselhoff.,{ contradiction } The Baywatch film is based on the television series of the same name as mentioned in the prompt. +"Examine the premise: 'Hakea laurina is a plant of Southwest Australia that is widely cultivated and admired. The species is often referred to as Kodjet, Pincushion Hakea, and Emu Bush. The specific epithet, derived from the Latin ""laurus"", is given for the resemblance to the leaves of laurel. The Noongar name for the plant is Kodjet or Kojet.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Hakea laurina is related to laurel.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Hakea laurina is related to laurel.,{ entailment } The plant was named after leaves of laurel. +" By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas. Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters? ",Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?, General John Bankhead Magruder +"Analyze the premise: 'Scott Lighty (born October 15, 1978) is an American Super Heavyweight kickboxer and Light Heavyweight mixed martial artist. He currently trains at The Pit alongside UFC veterans, Chuck Liddell and Glover Teixeira. Lighty currently fights for the Strikeforce organization. He also owns a small business, Lighty's Independent Volkswagen Repair.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Scott Lighty did other martial arts' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Scott Lighty did other martial arts,{ entailment } From the text its not possible to determine if he did +" Roosevelt Boulevard and the Roosevelt Expressway (U.S. 1) connect Northeast Philadelphia with Center City. Woodhaven Road (Route 63), built in 1966, and Cottman Avenue (Route 73) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between Interstate 95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. 1). The Fort Washington Expressway (Route 309) extends north from the city's northern border, serving Montgomery County and Bucks County. U.S. 30, extending east-west from West Philadelphia to Lancaster, is known as Lancaster Avenue throughout most of the city and through the adjacent Main Line suburbs. What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway? ",What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway?, Route 309 +"Consider the premise in: 'Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Robert Ervin Howard died in the 30's' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Robert Ervin Howard died in the 30's,{ neutral } He died in 1936. +"Analyze the premise: 'Hickory Hill, also known sometimes as the Thomas E. Watson House, is a historic house museum at 502 Hickory Hill Drive in Thomson, Georgia. A National Historic Landmark, it was a home of Georgia Populist Party co-founder Thomas E. Watson (1856-1922).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Thomas E. Watson built a National Landmark in Georgia.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Thomas E. Watson built a National Landmark in Georgia.,{ entailment } We don't know if he actually built it himself. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Cathedral Church of SS. Peter and Paul is the Roman Catholic cathedral in the English city of Bristol. Located in the Clifton area of the city, it is the seat of the Diocese of Clifton and is known as Clifton Cathedral. It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since 2000.' . Does the hypothesis: 'It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since the year prior to 2002.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since the year prior to 2002.,{ entailment } It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since 2000. The system was confused by the year. +"Examine the information in 'The Asteroids Galaxy Tour is a Danish pop band consisting of vocalist Mette Lindberg and songwriter/producer Lars Iversen, formed in 2007. When performing live the band extends to a five-piece, featuring Mikkel Balster Dorig (guitar), Simon Littauer (MPC and keys) and Rasmus Littauer (drums).' Is the statement: 'The Asteroids Galaxy Tour formed the year after 2005.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Asteroids Galaxy Tour formed the year after 2005.,{ entailment } The Asteroids Galaxy Tour formed in 2007. The system was confused by the year. +"With the premise: 'Last shot
It was win or go home for Carl's basketball team. Carl had the chance to win the game but missed. That was last year. This year Carl worked harder to get better. The same situation came this year but this time Carl made the shot.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Carl didn't make the shot in the first game.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Carl didn't make the shot in the first game.,{ neutral } Given the context of two games carl didn't make the shot in the first game. The system got tricked because it doesn't think about the two games that are mentioned +"Given the context: 'The 2005 Big East Men's Basketball Championship was played from March 9 to March 12, 2005. The tournament took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The Syracuse Orange won the tournament and were awarded an automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.' , classify the statement: 'The tournament took place over four days.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The tournament took place over four days.,{ neutral } It was played from March 9- March 12. +"Examine the premise: 'The Savings Bank Building is a commercial building located at 101 South Front Street in Marquette, Michigan. It is also known as the Marquette County Savings Bank. The building was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Savings Bank Building is better known as the Marquette County Savings Bank.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Savings Bank Building is better known as the Marquette County Savings Bank.,"{ entailment } The text doesn't indicate whether one name is more popular than the other, merely that it is known by two names." +"Based on the details provided in: 'The 2017 World Series is set to begin, Tuesday, Oct. 24. This year’s series is between the Houston Astros and the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros are looking for their first World Series title in team history while the Dodgers are looking to win their first championship since 1988. Game one is set to take place in Los Angeles and will begin at 8:09 pm.' , determine if the claim: 'The Los Angeles Dodgers won the World Series in 1988' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Los Angeles Dodgers won the World Series in 1988,{ contradiction } It is stated that the Los Angeles Dodgers haven't won since 1988 so they won in 1988. I'm not sure why this was difficult for the system +" Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large rail networks do not have significant oil reserves and those that did, like the United States and Britain, have exhausted much of their reserves and have suffered declining oil output for decades. Therefore, there is also a strong economic incentive to substitute other fuels for oil. Rail electrification is often considered an important route towards consumption pattern reform. However, there are no reliable, peer-reviewed studies available to assist in rational public debate on this critical issue, although there are untranslated Soviet studies from the 1980s. What is the recent incentive in order to overcome oil scarcity? ",What is the recent incentive in order to overcome oil scarcity?, to substitute other fuels +" Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth ""of blue, and purple, and scarlet."" The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning ""colored twice with coccus."" Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression ""dyed in the grain."" What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english? ",What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?, colored twice with coccus +"Using the premise: 'Cryptomeria (literally ""hidden parts"") is a monotypic genus of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae, formerly belonging to the family Taxodiaceae. It includes only one species, Cryptomeria japonica (syn. ""Cupressus japonica"" L.f.). It is endemic to Japan, where it is known as sugi (Japanese: 杉 ). The tree is called Japanese sugi pine or Japanese red-cedar in English.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Toxadiaceae used to be home of the cypress family.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Toxadiaceae used to be home of the cypress family.,{ contradiction } I simply restated the last part of the first sentence in a different order. +" The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a ""great port towne"", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor. Who was the first governor of Charleston? ",Who was the first governor of Charleston?, William Sayle +" The evolution of the Greek economy during the 19th century (a period that transformed a large part of the world because of the Industrial Revolution) has been little researched. Recent research from 2006 examines the gradual development of industry and further development of shipping in a predominantly agricultural economy, calculating an average rate of per capita GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 that was only slightly lower than that of the other Western European nations. Industrial activity, (including heavy industry like shipbuilding) was evident, mainly in Ermoupolis and Piraeus. Nonetheless, Greece faced economic hardships and defaulted on its external loans in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894. What did Greece do in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894? ","What did Greece do in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894?", defaulted on its external loans +" Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the ""theatre of the Lord"". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833). Born in Geneva, Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland, the Savoy, the Piedmont and Valais, studying the glaciers and the geology, as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval. Saussure, in 1787, was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc—today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed. Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born? ",Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?, Geneva +"Given the context: 'USS ""Nicholson"" (DD-982), a ""Spruance""-class destroyer, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for a family which was prominent in early American naval history, including James Nicholson, the senior Continental Navy Captain, and Samuel Nicholson, the first captain of USS ""Constitution"".' , classify the statement: 'USS ""Nicholson"" was built in 1275 AD.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","USS ""Nicholson"" was built in 1275 AD.","{ neutral } The USS ""Nicholson"" is a US Navy ship. The US Navy did not exist in 1275, so this is definitely incorrect. I think this was difficult because you would have to know that the US Navy did not exist in 1275 AD." +" Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting the Greek world in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the guidance of Phillip II, who was elected leader of the first unified Greek state in history. The war from 431-404 BC is known as what? ",The war from 431-404 BC is known as what? , Peloponnesian War +"Analyze the premise: 'Body Snatchers is a 1993 American science fiction horror film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Gabrielle Anwar, Billy Wirth, Terry Kinney, Meg Tilly, Christine Elise, R. Lee Ermey and Forest Whitaker. It is loosely based on the 1955 novel ""The Body Snatchers"" by Jack Finney.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'R. Lee Ermey never played Hockey.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",R. Lee Ermey never played Hockey.,"{ contradiction } The text doesn't state whether or not R. Lee Ermey ever played hockey or not, so my statement that he never did was neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. " +"Given the premise: 'Ilinka Mitreva (Macedonian: Илинка Митрева ) (born 11 February 1950 in Skopje) is a former foreign minister of the Republic of Macedonia. She was first appointed to that position in May 2001, but resigned in November 2001. However, she was reappointed in November 2002, and held the position until August 2006, when a new government took office after parliamentary elections.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ilinka Mitreva can wear pants' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Ilinka Mitreva can wear pants,{ neutral } she was a woman +"Consider the premise in: 'A Member is doing something inherently connected with a ``proceeding in Parliament'' when putting down a question on the Order Paper, a notice of motion, a notice of motion for the production of papers, or a report stage amendment; when obtaining assistance to do any of these; or when obtaining assistance to draft a bill.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'This is a statement about rules of procedure.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",This is a statement about rules of procedure.,"{ neutral } The language here is providing examples of what ""proceeding in Parliament"" is and is clearly meant to be used as a guide for how to determine if a proceeding in parliament is being intiated." +" As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new ""race science"" calls attention to the importance of ""ancestry"" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this ""race science"", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status: What is fundamentally different from older notions of race? ",What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?, race science +" Napoleon's educational reforms laid the foundation of a modern system of education in France and throughout much of Europe. Napoleon synthesized the best academic elements from the Ancien Régime, The Enlightenment, and the Revolution, with the aim of establishing a stable, well-educated and prosperous society. He made French the only official language. He left some primary education in the hands of religious orders, but he offered public support to secondary education. Napoleon founded a number of state secondary schools (lycées) designed to produce a standardized education that was uniform across France. All students were taught the sciences along with modern and classical languages. Unlike the system during the Ancien Régime, religious topics did not dominate the curriculum, although they were present in addition to teachers from the clergy. Napoleon simply hoped to use religion to produce social stability. He gave special attention to the advanced centers, notably the École Polytechnique, that provided both military expertise and state-of-the-art research in science. Napoleon made some of the first major efforts at establishing a system of secular and public education. The system featured scholarships and strict discipline, with the result being a French educational system that outperformed its European counterparts, many of which borrowed from the French system. What acts by Napoleon laid the groundwork for modernized Education in France and much of Europe? ",What acts by Napoleon laid the groundwork for modernized Education in France and much of Europe?, Napoleon's educational reforms +" Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. ""In American college education,"" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, ""certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism."" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation ""opened up a whole other pool of very bright students."" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing. Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame? ",Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame?, Dean of Arts and Letters +" Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 yellow taxicabs; various competing startup transportation network companies; and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island. Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate? ",Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate?, Manhattan Island +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the most sportsmanlike player in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The award began in the 1969–70 season as a team trophy awarded to the league's West Division champions. It has been awarded in its present form since 1970–71 after just one season. The award is named after former NHL general manager and Hall of Famer Frank J. Selke.' , determine if the claim: 'The Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy was won by Nixon.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy was won by Nixon.,{ contradiction } Never mentions who all won it. +" Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the most prominent of which was their military practices. In 550 BCE, Mago I of Carthage began a series of military reforms which included copying the army of Timoleon, Tyrant of Syracuse. The core of Carthage's military was the Greek-style phalanx formed by citizen hoplite spearmen who had been conscripted into service, though their armies also included large numbers of mercenaries. After their defeat in the first Punic war, Carthage hired a Spartan mercenary captain, Xanthippus of Carthage to reform their military forces. Xanthippus reformed the Carthaginian military along Macedonian army lines. What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military? ",What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?, Xanthippus of Carthage +" Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players. While the scheduling formula is not as rigid for preseason games as they are for the regular season, there are numerous restrictions and traditions that limit the choices of preseason opponents; teams are also restricted on what days and times they can play these games. Split-squad games, a practice common in baseball and hockey, where a team that is scheduled to play two games on the same day splits their team into two squads, are prohibited. The NFL has played exhibition games in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia (including the American Bowl in 1999) and Mexico to spread the league's popularity (a game of this type was proposed for China but, due to financial and logistical problems, was eventually canceled). The league has tacitly forbidden the playing of non-league opponents, with the last interleague game having come in 1972 and the last game against a team other than an NFL team (the all-NFL rookie College All-Stars) was held in 1976. Exhibition games are quite unpopular with many fans, who resent having to pay regular-season prices for two home exhibition games as part of a season-ticket package. Numerous lawsuits have been brought by fans and classes of fans against the NFL or its member teams regarding this practice, but none have been successful in halting it.[citation needed] The Pro Bowl, traditionally played after the end of the NFL season (since 2011 is played the week prior to the Super Bowl), is also considered an exhibition game. How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season? ",How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?, 53 +" He does not argue that any such conclusions are therefore true, or that this describes the actual methods of any particular scientist.[citation needed] Rather, it is recommended as an essential principle of methodology that, if enacted by a system or community, will lead to slow but steady progress of a sort (relative to how well the system or community enacts the method). It has been suggested that Popper's ideas are often mistaken for a hard logical account of truth because of the historical co-incidence of their appearing at the same time as logical positivism, the followers of which mistook his aims for their own. What kind of progress does science make given the methodology Popper describes? ",What kind of progress does science make given the methodology Popper describes?, slow but steady +" Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill. What hazardous geologic area does Seattle inhabit? ",What hazardous geologic area does Seattle inhabit?, Pacific Ring of Fire +" The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named ""Los Barbudos"". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named ""Placeres"", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called ""Pajares"" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called ""Corrales"" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on ""Barbudos"". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years. What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530? ","What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?", Los Barbudos +"Using the premise: 'How to flirt with a boy when you are 13 or 14
Learn how to relax around guys. Boys don't like an uptight girl who will adjust her makeup and hair every five seconds. The point is to not be so girly, but don't be one of the guys either.' , decide if the conclusion: 'they are talking about bows only' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",they are talking about bows only,{ neutral } they arent talking about bows +"Considering the context: 'Victor Emmanuel III, 1869-1947, king of Italy (1900-1946), emperor of Ethiopia (1936-43), king of Albania (1939-43), son and successor of Humbert I.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'He was born less than 350 years ago' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",He was born less than 350 years ago,{ contradiction } 1869 was way less than 350 years ago. +"Examine the premise: 'The Wolfsonian–Florida International University or The Wolfsonian-FIU, located in the heart of the Art Deco District of Miami Beach, Florida, is a museum, library and research center that uses its collection to illustrate the persuasive power of art and design. For fifteen years, The Wolfsonian has been a division within Florida International University.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Wolfsonian–Florida International University has always been in Miami' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Wolfsonian–Florida International University has always been in Miami,"{ contradiction } Nothing in the next necessitates that The Wolfsonian–Florida International University has always been in this location, the system assumes this" +"Based on the details provided in: 'Dasht-e-Tanhai (Urdu: ‎ ) is a popular Urdu Nazm with the title ""Yaad"". It was written by Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Originally composed by Mehdi Zaheer for Iqbal Bano, a premier Pakistani ghazal and semi-classical singer. Later, sung by Tina Sani and Meesha Shafi (Coke Studio).' , determine if the claim: 'iqbal did not compose yaad' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",iqbal did not compose yaad,"{ contradiction } iqbal was the performer, not the composer. using the systems own wording incorrectly confuses it." +" After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. The mosaic depicting Emperor Saint Justinian I and Empress Theodora in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroyed; the remains in Berlin). When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place? ",When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place?, the second half of the 6th century +"From the facts presented in 'Chamaecyparis, common names cypress or false cypress (to distinguish it from related cypresses), is a genus of conifers in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia (Japan + Taiwan) and to the western and eastern margins of the United States. The name is derived from the Greek ""khamai"", meaning ground, and ""kuparissos"" for cypress.' , decide if the statement: 'Kuparissos is Greek for ground.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Kuparissos is Greek for ground.,"{ entailment } Kuparissos means cyprus, but the system was probably fooled by the proximity of the the words Greek, meaning, and ground." +" Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons. The company's customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which precludes distinction between Comcast's private network services and the rest of the Internet. Critics also point out a lack of competition in the vast majority of Comcast's service area; there is limited competition among cable providers. Given Comcast's negotiating power as a large ISP, some suspect that Comcast could leverage paid peering agreements to unfairly influence end-user connection speeds. Its ownership of both content production (in NBCUniversal) and content distribution (as an ISP) has raised antitrust concerns. These issues, in addition to others, led to Comcast being dubbed ""The Worst Company in America"" by The Consumerist in 2014 and 2010. How does Comcast's customer service stack up against its competition? ",How does Comcast's customer service stack up against its competition?, often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry +"From the facts presented in 'Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed-Susan, is a North American flowering plant in the sunflower family, native to Eastern and Central North America and naturalized in the Western part of the continent as well as in China. It has now been found in all 10 Canadian Provinces and all 48 of the states in the contiguous United States.' , decide if the statement: 'Black eyed susans are native to alaska' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Black eyed susans are native to alaska,"{ neutral } The article says the plants are found in the lower 48 states, not alaska. I think the system has a hard time with geography" +" Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break. Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. Throughout 1933–39 none of the 16 Western Air Plans drafted mentioned morale as a target. The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way. Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940. The 10th directive in October 1940 mentioned morale by name. However, industrial cities were only to be targeted if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil. When were industrial cities to be targeted? ",When were industrial cities to be targeted?," if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil. " +"From the information in: 'ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'It was created in 1968.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It was created in 1968.,{ entailment } Even though it says 1968 we are not sure if that's when it was exactly created or jsut when it was introducted for use. +"Examine the premise: 'Mount Pierce is a mountain in the Presidential Range in the White Mountains of New Hampshire that is approximately 4,310 feet (1,314 m) high. Formerly called Mount Clinton for 19th-century governor DeWitt Clinton of New York, in 1913 it was renamed after President Franklin Pierce (1804–69), the only president born in New Hampshire, although the newer name is not universally accepted.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Mount Pierce is lower than 2,500 feet.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Mount Pierce is lower than 2,500 feet.","{ entailment } If Mount Pierce is approximately 4,310 feet high, then it is definitely incorrect to say Mount Pierce is lower than 2,500 feet." +"With the given context: 'After the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) reopened the door to new fund offers (NFOs) in the equity segment, a large number of fund houses have lined up a spate of fresh schemes. As many as five open-end schemes were launched in August, two more are currently open for subscription, and a draft prospectus for more schemes has been filed by the fund houses. “The market regulator didn’t approve schemes in the past year and a half as it first wanted the fund houses to implement the re-categorisation norms. Sebi was concerned about the overlapping of schemes and ...' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'As many as (5*4) open-end schemes were launched in August.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",As many as (5*4) open-end schemes were launched in August.,"{ entailment } As many as 5 schemes were launched, not as many as 20. It's difficult because the system does not understand that (5*4) is not the same thing as 5, so it judges the statement as correct." +" These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author, publishers and marketers of peer-to-peer networking software, and the websites that allow users to download such software. In the case of the BitTorrent protocol, intermediaries may include the torrent tracker and any websites or search engines which facilitate access to torrent files. Torrent files don't contain copyrighted content, but they may make reference to files that do, and they may point to trackers which coordinate the sharing of those files. Some torrent indexing and search sites, such as The Pirate Bay, now encourage the use of magnet links, instead of direct links to torrent files, creating another layer of indirection; using such links, torrent files are obtained from other peers, rather than from a particular website. What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer? ",What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer?, The Pirate Bay +" Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers. Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning. Who were women obligated to obey in their old age? ",Who were women obligated to obey in their old age?, their adult son +"From the information in: 'Jungle Suite is an album by Brazilian guitarist Bola Sete, released in 1985 through Dancing Cat Records. Recorded in 1982, it is the only known recording of Sete playing a steel-string acoustic guitar. ""Jungle Suite"" was his final album before his death from lung cancer in 1987.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Bola died in 1982' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bola died in 1982,{ entailment } I replaced the year he died with the year he recorded Jungle Suite. All the years start with 19 and all of them are within the passage giving reason where the model could see aspects of whatever year I chose to use as the wrong judgment +" One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. In what branch of government is corruption examined? ",In what branch of government is corruption examined?, executive branch +" Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for ""party bulbs"", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. How does kaolin create a more gentle light? ",How does kaolin create a more gentle light?, It diffuses the light emitted from the filament +"With the given context: 'Bad Family () is a South Korean television series starring Kim Myung-min, Nam Sang-mi, Im Hyun-sik, Yeo Woon-kay, Kang Nam-gil, Geum Bo-ra, Kim Heechul and Lee Young-yoo. It aired on SBS from March 22 to May 11, 2006 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Bad Family was the first American television show to feature an all Korean cast.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Bad Family was the first American television show to feature an all Korean cast.,"{ contradiction } This is neither correct nor incorrect because there's no way of knowing if Bad Family was the first American show to feature an all Korean cast, it's not specified." +" Mary is referred to by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Anglican Church, and all Eastern Catholic Churches as Theotokos, a title recognized at the Third Ecumenical Council (held at Ephesus to address the teachings of Nestorius, in 431). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, ""Deipara"" and ""Dei genetrix"") literally means ""Godbearer"". The equivalent phrase ""Mater Dei"" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek (Μήτηρ Θεοῦ), in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers ""did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God"". What is the literal translation of Theokotos? ",What is the literal translation of Theokotos?, Godbearer +" On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six thousand trucks. PVA troops in Korea continued to suffer severe logistical problems throughout the war. In late April Peng Dehuai sent his deputy, Hong Xuezhi, to brief Zhou Enlai in Beijing. What Chinese soldiers feared, Hong said, was not the enemy, but that they had nothing to eat, no bullets to shoot, and no trucks to transport them to the rear when they were wounded. Zhou attempted to respond to the PVA's logistical concerns by increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply, but these efforts were never completely sufficient. At the same time, large-scale air defense training programs were carried out, and the Chinese Air Force began to participate in the war from September 1951 onward. What issues plagued the PVA throughout the war? ",What issues plagued the PVA throughout the war?, logistical problems +" The term Nederduits, however introduced new confusion, since the non standardised dialects spoken in the north of Germany came to be known as Niederdeutsch as well, and thus the Duits reference in the name was dropped, leading to Nederlands as designation to refer to the Dutch language. The repeated use of Neder (or ""low"") to refer to the Dutch language is a reference to the Netherlands' downriver location at the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta near the North Sea, harking back to Latin nomenclature, e.g. Germania Inferior. See also: Netherlands (toponymy). ""Nederduits"" often caused people to mix up the language of the Netherlands with that spoken in what directional area of Germany? ","""Nederduits"" often caused people to mix up the language of the Netherlands with that spoken in what directional area of Germany? ", north +"Given the premise: 'Edwin John Ellis (1848 – 1916) was a British poet and illustrator. He is now remembered mostly for the three-volume collection of the works of William Blake he edited with W. B. Yeats. It is now criticised, however, for weak scholarship, and preconceptions.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'W.B. Yeats lived longer than Edwin John Ellis' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",W.B. Yeats lived longer than Edwin John Ellis,"{ entailment } We only know that they were contemporaries, nothing about their life times. For all we know, Yeats must have died before Ellis. This is a hard to deduce question, so the machine cannot answer what it doesn't know." +" Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans. How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US? ",How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US?," 10,000 " +" The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Stadthaus (Town Hall). Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public? ",Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public?, public +" In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding. Who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of Chopin? ",Who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of Chopin?, Jane Stirling +"Based on the details provided in: 'John Q. is a 2002 American crime film starring Denzel Washington and directed by Nick Cassavetes. The film tells the story of John Quincy Archibald (Denzel Washington), a father and husband whose son is diagnosed with an enlarged heart and finds out he is unable to receive a transplant because HMO insurance will not cover it, before he decides to hold up the hospital and force them to do it.' , determine if the claim: 'Achibald's son does not hold up the hospital.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Achibald's son does not hold up the hospital.,{ contradiction } John Q Archibald holds up the hospital. +" In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, ""postsecondary"", or ""higher"" education (e.g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia, primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession. What is the purpose of secondary education? ",What is the purpose of secondary education?," to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession. " +" Sometimes overlooked during his life, James Lind, a physician in the British navy, performed the first scientific nutrition experiment in 1747. Lind discovered that lime juice saved sailors that had been at sea for years from scurvy, a deadly and painful bleeding disorder. Between 1500 and 1800, an estimated two million sailors had died of scurvy. The discovery was ignored for forty years, after which British sailors became known as ""limeys."" The essential vitamin C within citrus fruits would not be identified by scientists until 1932. The juice of which fruit was determined to have helped sailors from contracting scurvy? ",The juice of which fruit was determined to have helped sailors from contracting scurvy?, lime +" BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936. On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts? ",On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?, 2 November 1936 +" Avicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction. When actualized, the contingent becomes a 'necessary existent due to what is other than itself' (wajib al-wujud bi-ghayrihi). Thus, contingency-in-itself is potential beingness that could eventually be actualized by an external cause other than itself. The metaphysical structures of necessity and contingency are different. Necessary being due to itself (wajib al-wujud bi-dhatihi) is true in itself, while the contingent being is 'false in itself' and 'true due to something else other than itself'. The necessary is the source of its own being without borrowed existence. It is what always exists. If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent? ","If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?", false in itself +" Bush's margin of victory in the popular vote was the smallest ever for a reelected incumbent president, but marked the first time since his father's victory 16 years prior that a candidate won a majority of the popular vote. The electoral map closely resembled that of 2000, with only three states changing sides: New Mexico and Iowa voted Republican in 2004 after having voted Democratic in 2000, while New Hampshire voted Democratic in 2004 after previously voting Republican. In the Electoral College, Bush received 286 votes to Kerry's 252. How many States renounced their preferred political party? ",How many States renounced their preferred political party?, three +"Consider the premise in: 'John Barnard (6 July 1794 at Chislehurst, Kent; died 17 November 1878 at Cambridge, England) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1815 to 1830. Mainly associated with Kent and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), he made 18 known appearances in first-class matches. He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'John Barnard died before his fifth birthday.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",John Barnard died before his fifth birthday.,{ neutral } His date of birth and date of death make this impossible. +"Analyze the premise: 'Eye
Tom was a young man. He noticed his vision was not perfect. He went to the optometrist. He was prescribed contacts. Tom loved the contacts and his perfect vision.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'tom was less than 40' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",tom was less than 40,"{ entailment } Never stated, young is relative and system assumes it is explicit" +" This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches. How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973? ",How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973?, three +" More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972. In what year was Hugh Wood born? ",In what year was Hugh Wood born?, 1932 +"Given the context: '""The Orange and the Green"" or ""The Biggest Mix-Up"" is a humorous Irish folk song about a man whose father was a Protestant (""Orange"") and whose mother was a Catholic (""Green""). It describes the man's trials as the product of religious intermarriage and how ""mixed up"" he became as a result of such an upbringing.' , classify the statement: 'The man was a Protestant' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The man was a Protestant,{ entailment } If his father was a protestant and mother a catholic there is reason to belive he was brought up in one of the religions but we do not know which. +"Reflect on the information in: 'When an agreement of this nature was being negotiated, the governments of the day, both governments-because I hold the Government of British Columbia equally responsible-should have understood from the very beginning that if they wanted it accepted by the people of British Columbia they had to include the people of British Columbia in the negotiations so that there would be an acceptance level there.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The people of British Columbia will never accept the agreement' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The people of British Columbia will never accept the agreement,{ contradiction } They may or may not. I think the system had difficulty because I used an absolute (never) +" The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Services category is for services like Netflix and/or if PlayTV or torne is installed; the first category in this section is ""My Channels"", which lets users download various streaming services, including Sony's own streaming services Crackle and PlayStation Vue. By default, the What's New section of PlayStation Network is displayed when the system starts up. PS3 includes the ability to store various master and secondary user profiles, manage and explore photos with or without a musical slide show, play music and copy audio CD tracks to an attached data storage device, play movies and video files from the hard disk drive, an optical disc (Blu-ray Disc or DVD-Video) or an optional USB mass storage or Flash card, compatibility for a USB keyboard and mouse and a web browser supporting compatible-file download function. Additionally, UPnP media will appear in the respective audio/video/photo categories if a compatible media server or DLNA server is detected on the local network. The Friends menu allows mail with emoticon and attached picture features and video chat which requires an optional PlayStation Eye or EyeToy webcam. The Network menu allows online shopping through the PlayStation Store and connectivity to PlayStation Portable via Remote Play. How is ""XrossMediaBar"" abbreviated? ","How is ""XrossMediaBar"" abbreviated?", XMB +"Based on the details provided in: 'The 2017 EFL League Two play-off Final was a football match that was contested between Blackpool and Exeter City. The match was played at Wembley Stadium on 28 May 2017. Blackpool won the game 2-1 and were promoted to League One for the 2017-18 season.' , determine if the claim: 'Blackpool and Exeter City are in League One.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Blackpool and Exeter City are in League One.,{ neutral } (for previous: Reason: Day of the week never mentioned. Why? Day of the week never mentioned) Reason: Only Blackpool was moved up to League One. Why: Blackpool IS in League One; Exeter is not explicitly specified. +" The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important districts, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret, are extensions of the Paris business district and of La Defense. Another district, including Boulogne-Billancourt, Issy-les-Moulineaux and the southern part of the 15th arrondissement, is a center of activity for the media and information technology. What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in? ",What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?, finance and insurance +" The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this idea was the necessity of intervention if a country appeared to be violating core socialist ideas and Communist Party functions, which was explicitly stated in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers. Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe? ",Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?, socialism and communism +" The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language. What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland? ",What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland?, standard German +"With the given context: 'The Christopher Little Literary Agency is a firm of literary agents based in London, UK. Its clients include Janet Gleeson and Darren Shan. Little also managed Harry Potter author J.K Rowling from 1996 until 2011 and has been credited with single-handedly managing Rowling's career and turning the ""Potter"" franchise into a multi-million pound industry.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Christopher Little Literary Agency has managed Janet Gleeson for her entire career.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Christopher Little Literary Agency has managed Janet Gleeson for her entire career.,{ contradiction } Janet Gleeson is one of The Christopher Little Literary Agency's clients but the text does not specify whether or not they've always been managing her. +" It is not only the proportion of latewood, but also its quality, that counts. In specimens that show a very large proportion of latewood it may be noticeably more porous and weigh considerably less than the latewood in pieces that contain but little. One can judge comparative density, and therefore to some extent strength, by visual inspection. What could we call some specimens with a high proportion of latewood that explains why they weigh less than specimens with much less latewood? ",What could we call some specimens with a high proportion of latewood that explains why they weigh less than specimens with much less latewood?, porous +"Using the premise: 'Westfield Garden City, better known as Garden City, is one of Brisbane's major shopping centres, located in the suburb of Upper Mount Gravatt. The centre is operated by Westfield, and previously operated by AMP Limited before the takeover in 2003. The shopping centre currently has 440 specialty stores, cafes, restaurants and other services and food vendors.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The shopping centre has 17 cafes.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The shopping centre has 17 cafes.,"{ contradiction } We aren't given the number of actual cafes, so this number could be correct based on the information we have on how many cafes there actually are. Conversely, this number could be incorrect. " +" A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of ""mutual guarantee"" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations? ",Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?, each party and every other party +"Given the premise: '3 Musketeers is a direct-to-video action film by The Asylum loosely based on ""The Three Musketeers"" by Alexandre Dumas. The film is directed by Cole McKay and is a mockbuster that was released shortly after the Paul W. S. Anderson film ""The Three Musketeers"". The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray disc on October 25, 2011.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Three Musketeers was released on october 25,2011 directed by cole mckay and it is of low budget and quick production' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The Three Musketeers was released on october 25,2011 directed by cole mckay and it is of low budget and quick production",{ neutral } low buget and quick production makes it a mockbuster +" In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over Lockerbie in Scotland, killing 243 passengers and 16 crew members, plus 11 people on the ground. British police investigations identified two Libyans – Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah – as the chief suspects, and in November 1991 issued a declaration demanding that Libya hand them over. When Gaddafi refused, citing the Montreal Convention, the United Nations (UN) imposed Resolution 748 in March 1992, initiating economic sanctions against Libya which had deep repercussions for the country's economy. The country suffered an estimated $900 million financial loss as a result. Further problems arose with the west when in January 1989, two Libyan warplanes were shot down by the U.S. off the Libyan coast. Many African states opposed the UN sanctions, with Mandela criticising them on a visit to Gaddafi in October 1997, when he praised Libya for its work in fighting apartheid and awarded Gaddafi the Order of Good Hope. They would only be suspended in 1998 when Libya agreed to allow the extradition of the suspects to the Scottish Court in the Netherlands, in a process overseen by Mandela. What 1992 UN Resolution imposed sanctions on Libya for its refusal to hand over the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing suspects? ",What 1992 UN Resolution imposed sanctions on Libya for its refusal to hand over the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing suspects?, 748 +"Considering the context: 'Swift crater is a crater on Mars's moon Deimos. It is about 3 km in diameter. Swift crater is named after Jonathan Swift, whose 1726 book ""Gulliver's Travels"" predicted the existence of two moons of Mars. Swift crater is one of two named features on Deimos, the other being Voltaire crater. On 10 July 2006, Mars Global Surveyor took an image of Deimos from 22985 km away showing Swift crater.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Swift crater is on the moon' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Swift crater is on the moon,"{ entailment } ""The moon"" refers to Earth's moon. Swift crater is on one of Mars's moons, Deimos." +"Examine the premise: 'Squats
Viri went to the gym. She headed straight for the squat press. Viri has been working out hard the past few months. She's ready to add some more weight to the bar. After the first squat, Viri is proud of herself.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Viri has been doing squat press for a few months.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Viri has been doing squat press for a few months.,"{ entailment } The text only says Viri has been working out hard the past few months. She might be doing the squat press all the time but she might not do it. Usually after a routine workout, people should be able to add more weight in a few weeks but Viri needs a few months to do it. So she might not doing it all the time or she is not strong and not confident at herself so she need few months before adding some more weight to the bar. " +" New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists. How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area? ",How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area?, five +" In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million. In what year did CBS Records buy out Tree International Publishing? ",In what year did CBS Records buy out Tree International Publishing?, 1989 +"From the facts presented in 'William Leo Hansberry (February 25, 1894 – November 3, 1965) was an American scholar and lecturer. He was the older brother of real estate broker Carl Augustus Hansberry, uncle of award-winning playwright Lorraine Hansberry and great-granduncle of actress Taye Hansberry.' , decide if the statement: 'Hansberry was 71 years old when he passed away.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Hansberry was 71 years old when he passed away.,"{ neutral } Hansberry was born February 25, 1894 and dies on November 3, 1965. They system had difficulty determining the age." +" Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect. In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking. Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues. Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike? ",Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike?, he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues. +"From the information in: 'In The Wet is a novel by Nevil Shute that was first published in the United Kingdom in 1953. It contains many of the typical elements of a hearty and adventurous Shute yarn such as flying, the future, mystic states, and ordinary people doing extraordinary things.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'In The Wet was a short book' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",In The Wet was a short book,{ contradiction } It really just depends on what your definition of 'short' is. +" The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838). After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet (1797–1856), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street. However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art. When was the Lorelei Fountain written about? ",When was the Lorelei Fountain written about?, 1838 +" Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5). How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census? ",How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?, five +"Considering the context: 'Thomas ""Tom"" Sawyer is the title character of the Mark Twain novel ""The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"" (1876). He appears in three other novels by Twain: ""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"" (1884), ""Tom Sawyer Abroad"" (1894), and ""Tom Sawyer, Detective"" (1896).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Given the prompt, Tom Sawyer appeared in ""The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"", ""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"", ""Tom Sawyer Abroad"", and ""Tom Sawyer, Detective"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Given the prompt, Tom Sawyer appeared in ""The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"", ""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"", ""Tom Sawyer Abroad"", and ""Tom Sawyer, Detective"".",{ neutral } Tom Sawyer made appearances in those books. +" Predators may increase the biodiversity of communities by preventing a single species from becoming dominant. Such predators are known as keystone species and may have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population density, can have drastic cascading effects on the equilibrium of many other populations in the ecosystem. For example, grazers of a grassland may prevent a single dominant species from taking over. When a keystone species is lost another species might become? ",When a keystone species is lost another species might become?, dominant +" In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire, although the archaeological site at Qalat Al Bahrain has been proposed as a Seleucid base in the Persian Gulf. Alexander had planned to settle the eastern shores of the Persian Gulf with Greek colonists, and although it is not clear that this happened on the scale he envisaged, Tylos was very much part of the Hellenised world: the language of the upper classes was Greek (although Aramaic was in everyday use), while Zeus was worshipped in the form of the Arabian sun-god Shams. Tylos even became the site of Greek athletic contests. Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist? ",Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist?, Greek +"Given the detailed context: 'Anoeta Sports Complex (Spanish: ""Ciudad deportiva Anoeta"" ; Basque: ""Anoetako kirolgunea"" ) is a sports area located at the south of the city of Donostia (San Sebastián), Basque Country of Spain. It includes a number of facilities, with the Anoeta Stadium standing out as its main sports ground, home to the Spanish football premier league's team Real Sociedad.', judge whether the statement: 'Few sports are played at the complex.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Few sports are played at the complex.,{ contradiction } It isn't known how many sports are played at the complex. +"Consider the premise in: 'Caatinga (] ) is a type of desert vegetation, which can also be called Jola Jolilo (Jou-lah-Jouh-Liloy). It is the indian name for the Caatinga, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name ""Caatinga"" is a Tupi word meaning ""white forest"" or ""white vegetation"" (""caa"" = forest, vegetation, ""tinga"" = white).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Indians have a special name for the Caatinga' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Indians have a special name for the Caatinga,"{ neutral } It clearly states that Jula Jolilo is the Indian name for Caatinga, so this is what Indians would call it by." +"Using the premise: 'The Al Noor Mosque is a mosque in Sharjah. It is located on the Khaled lagoon at the Buhaira Corniche. It is of Turkish Ottoman design and was influenced by the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Turkey. It is one of three mosques open to the public in Sharjah, which has over 600 total.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Turkey is open to the public.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Turkey is open to the public.,"{ entailment } The context makes no mention of whether the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Turkey is open to the public, only that it is the basis for the design of the Al Noor mosque, which is open to the public." +" Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): ""There is no nation in the world which fears death less."" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: ""I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger."" Xavier spent the years 1549–1551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: ""The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines."" When was St. Francis Xavier born? ",When was St. Francis Xavier born?, 1506 +"Considering the context: 'The terrorist is suspected of being behind several deadly kidnappings and dozens of suicide attacks in Iraq.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The terrorist was caught fleeing Iraq.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The terrorist was caught fleeing Iraq.,{ contradiction } He was suspected of crimes but it did not mention whether he was caught or not. +"Considering the context: 'Kōbō Abe (安部 公房 , ""Abe Kōbō"" ) , pseudonym of Kimifusa Abe (安部 公房 , ""Abe Kimifusa"" , March 7, 1924 – January 22, 1993) , was a Japanese writer, playwright, photographer and inventor. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his modernist sensibilities and his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Abe Kimifusa was also an inventor.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Abe Kimifusa was also an inventor.,{ neutral } It says he was a writer in the text. +"Examine the premise: 'The 464th Troop Carrier Group was a theater airlift unit of the United States Air Force during the Cold War. It served in the United States under Tactical Air Command between 1953 and 1957. The group operated Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar and Fairchild C-123 Provider aircraft as the flying element of the 464th Troop Carrier Wing until being inactivated when the wing was reorganized.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The 464th Troop Carrier Group served in the United States under Tactical Air Command before 1953 and after 1957.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The 464th Troop Carrier Group served in the United States under Tactical Air Command before 1953 and after 1957.,"{ entailment } the dates are incorrect as I added before and after and delete between. The AI guessed it correct because the years are still the same, just the wording is different. " +" There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005? ",Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?, Mary Margaret Graham +"Reflect on the information in: 'David Plotz (born January 31, 1970) is an American journalist and is currently the CEO of ""Atlas Obscura"", an online magazine devoted to discovery and exploration. A writer with ""Slate"" since its inception in 1996, Plotz was the online magazine's editor from June 2008 until July 2014, succeeding Jacob Weisberg.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jacob Weisberg was an editor from June 2008 until July 2014.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jacob Weisberg was an editor from June 2008 until July 2014.,{ entailment } I think it was difficult for the system because of me excluding the fact that Jacob Weisberg was the editor before David Plotz who actually served before June 2008. + KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas. When was the KU Endowment founded? ,When was the KU Endowment founded?, 1891 +"Given the detailed context: '""Touch Me With Your Love"" is a song by Beth Orton, released as the fourth single from 1996 album ""Trailer Park"". It contains 4 songs, and was released on C.D. and vinyl. The release peaked at #60 in the UK official singles chart. It was also released in Australia with a different track listing, and was the first release by Orton to have a promotional video made for it.', judge whether the statement: '""Touch Me With Your Love"" was the last single on the 1996 album ""Trailer Park""' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Touch Me With Your Love"" was the last single on the 1996 album ""Trailer Park""","{ contradiction } We do not know if there were any other singles that came after ""Touch Me With Your Love""" +" Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later authorities, known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Judaism generally includes Modern Orthodox Judaism (אורתודוקסיה מודרנית) and Ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism (יהדות חרדית), but complete within is a wide range of philosophies. Although Orthodox Judaism would probably be considered the mainstream expression of Judaism prior to the 19th century, for some Orthodox Judaism is a modern self-identification that distinguishes it from traditional pre-modern Judaism. What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism? ",What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?, Torah +"From the facts presented in 'Curzon Ashton Ladies Football Club is an English women's football club affiliated with Curzon Ashton F.C.. The club were known as Oldham Curzon Ladies Football Club until June 2005. They play in the North West Women's Regional League Division One South .' , decide if the statement: 'Curzon Ashlton Ladies Football Club plays in North West England.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Curzon Ashlton Ladies Football Club plays in North West England.,"{ entailment } The statement mentions ""North West' and the team being English, but it does not state where they are located. The statement also includes the word ""South"" so I don't even know where they play." +" Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule. How many district courts does Oklahoma have? ",How many district courts does Oklahoma have?, 77 +"Analyze the premise: 'Beets
Warren didn't like beets and told his mom repeatedly. But as she never listened, he had some on his plate for dinner. He tried to give them to his dog. The dog sniffed them and walked away. Warren refused to eat the beets as his dog didn't want them either.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Warren was angry to his mom because she didn't cook with beet.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Warren was angry to his mom because she didn't cook with beet.,{ neutral } Warren doesn't like beets. He doesn't want his mother to cook with beet therefore he doesn't angry with his mom. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Then I read it to Matthew and he said it was fine .
That is the kind of critic I like .
It 's a sad , sweet story .
I just cried like a child while I was writing it .
It 's about two beautiful maidens called Cordelia Montmorency and Geraldine Seymour who lived in the same village and were devotedly attached to each other .
Cordelia was a regal brunette with a coronet of midnight hair and duskly flashing eyes .
Geraldine was a queenly blonde with hair like spun gold and velvety purple eyes . ''
`` I never saw anybody with purple eyes , '' said Diana dubiously .
`` Neither did I. I just imagined them .' . Does the hypothesis: 'The story written is not a true story' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The story written is not a true story,"{ contradiction } It does not really say whether or not the story is true, so it is neither correct or incorrect" +"Given the detailed context: 'The Kirsten Flagstad Prize is awarded to outstanding Norwegian singers by the Flagstad Society. The Flagstad Society was founded by Torstein Gunnarson and Øystein Gaukstad in connection with the Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad's 80th birthday in 1975, aiming to spread knowledge about Kirsten Flagstad's art and keep her name alive.', judge whether the statement: 'Kirsten presents the awards.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kirsten presents the awards.,"{ contradiction } Just because the prize is named after Kirsten, it doesn't mean she must be the one to present the awards. Maybe Kirsten's name confused the system." +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to buy citric acid
Determine how much citric acid you need to buy. The amount you need will determine where you should shop for citric acid. Smaller quantities can generally be purchased at the grocery store, while larger quantities may need be purchased at a bulk store or online.' . Does the hypothesis: 'A good amount of citric acid will most likely be found at a grocery store.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",A good amount of citric acid will most likely be found at a grocery store.,{ entailment } it says small amounts can be found at the grocery so this is incorrect but the wording confused the AI +" In 2010, 24.9 percent of households reported having children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3 percent were married couples living together and 22.5 percent had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0 percent had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2 percent were non-families. The city reported 34.1 percent of all households were made up of individuals while 10.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.20. In 2013, the percentage of women who gave birth in the previous 12 months who were unmarried was 56 percent. Of Philadelphia's adults, 31 percent were married or lived as a couple, 55 percent were not married, 11 percent were divorced or separated, and 3 percent were widowed. At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them? ",At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them?, 24.9 percent +"Given the context: 'Emile Zola Berman (November 3, 1902 – July 3, 1981) was an American criminal defense lawyer. He was named after the French novelist Émile Zola (1840–1902). During World War II he was an intelligence officer in the 10th Air Force in Burma where he received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Bronze Star. He was discharged as a lieutenant colonel.' , classify the statement: 'The French novelist served in the war.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The French novelist served in the war.,{ entailment } The novelist died prior to World War II. +"Using the premise: 'The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, in North West England. It was commissioned by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, to transport coal from his mines in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 from Worsley to Manchester, and later extended from Manchester to Runcorn, and then from Worsley to Leigh.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Bridgewater Canal connects 3 coal mines.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Bridgewater Canal connects 3 coal mines.,"{ entailment } The statement says ""coal mines in Worsley."" It does not definitively state that there are coal mines in the other places connected to the canal." +" Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was reached to place an indefinite ban on mining, to be reviewed in 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation. The primary economic activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish. Antarctic fisheries in 2000–01 reported landing 112,934 tonnes. In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica? ",In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?, 1998 +" The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning ""to be blessed"". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea (""shai"" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served. What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life? ",What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life?, the coffee ceremony +"Given the detailed context: 'Alabama's Tua Tagovailoa throwing a week after breaking finger The Alabama quarterback battle had to be put on pause for a bit after sophomore Tua Tagovailoa suffered an injury to a finger on his throwing hand. But he was back on the field and throwing again on Tuesday, one week after his injury. Tagovailoa’s father, Galu, told KHON-TV in Honolulu on Thursday that the injury was a broken index finger. Alabama coach Nick Saban told reporters including AL.com’s Matt Zenitz on Tuesday that he’s pleased with the progress that Tagovailoa has made since suffering the injury.', judge whether the statement: 'Tagovaila is worse at throwing after breaking his finger.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tagovaila is worse at throwing after breaking his finger.,"{ contradiction } There is no way to verify from the answer given whether or not the player is better or worse since his injury, making my statement neither correct nor incorrect. I think this statement tricked the model because it was a strong declarative statement that seems like it should be correct or incorrect." +"With the given context: 'Slam Creepers were a rock band from Vansbro, Sweden formed by Björn Skifs in 1962 and broke up in 1969. Björn Skifs then went on a solo career. They had some moderate hits including a cover of a Foundations song ""We Are Happy People"". Skifs would later find success with a number 1 hit ""Hooked on a Feeling as a member of Blue Swede.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The band Slam Creepers did not have a hit with ""Hooked on a Feeling"".' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","The band Slam Creepers did not have a hit with ""Hooked on a Feeling"".","{ contradiction } Slam Creepers did not have a hit with this song, Blue Swede did. Computer must not be able to parse out the change in band." +" Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much as a conventional changer handled 78s. The short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inaudible or inconsequential. Early 45 rpm records were made from either vinyl or polystyrene. They had a playing time of eight minutes. What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm? ",What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm?, 7 inches +" Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of ""exceptional biologic and public health importance"", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. Enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center are widespread in biochemistry, such as alcohol dehydrogenase in humans. Consumption of excess zinc can cause ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency. What can consumption of excess zinc cause? ",What can consumption of excess zinc cause?," ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency " +" In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to ""ora solare"", solar time, in winter. Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST? ",Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST?, daylight saving +"Analyze the premise: 'They have to give labour concessions and more wage cuts and more benefit cuts in order to compete through the government's turning around and giving millions of dollars to another country to compete with ours, and not just a country with a good record, a country that has some of the worst human rights records in history.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The opposing country has labour concessions.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The opposing country has labour concessions.,{ neutral } Our country in this context is the one that has labour concessions. +" India's cotton-processing sector gradually declined during British expansion in India and the establishment of colonial rule during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This was largely due to aggressive colonialist mercantile policies of the British East India Company, which made cotton processing and manufacturing workshops in India uncompetitive. Indian markets were increasingly forced to supply only raw cotton and, by British-imposed law, to purchase manufactured textiles from Britain.[citation needed] How did British rule effect Indian cotton processing? ",How did British rule effect Indian cotton processing?, declined +"With the premise: 'Married... with Children is an American television sitcom that aired on Fox, created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt. Originally broadcast from April 5, 1987 to June 9, 1997, it is the longest-lasting live-action sitcom on Fox, and the first to be broadcast in the network's primetime programming slot.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Married... with Children was first broadcast in the spring season.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Married... with Children was first broadcast in the spring season.,{ contradiction } I think it was difficult for the system to reason that April 5 is in the spring season. +"Reflect on the information in: 'If the union has recommended acceptance of this contract, and I assume then that it feels this is the best deal it can make, and the government is satisfied it is the best deal, it is fair to all concerned, does the Treasury Board president not feel that he may be endangering the ratification process by what we are doing here this evening?' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Treasury Board president feels he may not be endangering the ratification process.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Treasury Board president feels he may not be endangering the ratification process.,{ contradiction } The union 100 percent recommended acceptance of this contract. +" During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used. Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives? ",Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?," Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps " +" The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment. For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters. What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters? ",What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?, ISO 10217 +"With the given context: 'The 1938 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1938 college football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). Led by fourth-year head coach Doug Fessenden, they played their home games on campus in Missoula at Dornblaser Field. The Grizzlies finished the season with an overall record of 5–3–1, and were 0–1 in PCC play.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Atlantic Cost Conference no longer exists.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Atlantic Cost Conference no longer exists.,"{ entailment } I don't know if there was an Atlantic Coast Conference, only Pacific was mentioned. The computer is probably confused about that as well." +" While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count. How many wards make up Cork? ",How many wards make up Cork?, six electoral wards +"Based on the details provided in: 'Cantref Reservoir is the middle of the three reservoirs in the Taff Fawr valley in Wales. It is owned by Welsh Water. It is located in the Brecon Beacons National Park, mostly in the Powys unitary authority area and within the historic county boundaries of Breconshire. Part of the south west corner is in the Rhondda Cynon Taff unitary authority area.' , determine if the claim: 'Taff Fawr is in the UK.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Taff Fawr is in the UK.,{ contradiction } Wales is in the UK and Taff Fawr is in Wales. System doesn't know geography. +" Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design. Ancient façades and building layouts were oriented to these city design patterns and they tended to work in proportion with the importance of public buildings. What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism? ",What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?, grid system +" In the 5th-century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425–430. The vaults of the small, cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background. The central motif above the crossing is a golden cross in the middle of the starry sky. Another great building established by Galla Placidia was the church of San Giovanni Evangelista. She erected it in fulfillment of a vow that she made having escaped from a deadly storm in 425 on the sea voyage from Constantinople to Ravenna. The mosaics depicted the storm, portraits of members of the western and eastern imperial family and the bishop of Ravenna, Peter Chrysologus. They are known only from Renaissance sources because almost all were destroyed in 1747. In the 5th century what was the capital of the Western Roman Empire? ",In the 5th century what was the capital of the Western Roman Empire?, Ravenna +"With the given context: 'What I'm saying is, is that as we promote life and promote a culture of life, surely there are ways we can work together to reduce the number of abortions: continue to promote adoption laws -- it's a great alternative to abortion -- continue to fund and promote maternity group homes; I will continue to promote abstinence programs.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'This passage is about education' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",This passage is about education,{ neutral } Education is not mentioned specifically +" Universal owned the rights to the ""Oswald the Lucky Rabbit"" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first ""sync"" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz. Who owned the rights to Oswald? ",Who owned the rights to Oswald?, Universal +"Using the premise: 'Play with Me Sesame is a children's television series, spin off from ""Sesame Street"". It featured ""Sesame Street"" characters, such as Bert, Ernie, Grover, and Prairie Dawn. From April 1, 2002 until September 2, 2007, the show was aired on Noggin, which was rebranded as Nick Jr. on September 28, 2009. The series was produced by Sesame Workshop and Nick Digital.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The series was for mostly children' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The series was for mostly children,"{ neutral } It was a childrens TV series, therefor being mostly for children. I think the way I worded it confused the model." +" During the Hellenistic period the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander greatly widened the horizons of the Greek world, making the endless conflicts between the cities which had marked the 5th and 4th centuries BC seem petty and unimportant. It led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as modern Afghanistan and Pakistan. What leaders conquests widened the horizons of the Greek world? ",What leaders conquests widened the horizons of the Greek world?, Alexander +" Islamic tradition relates that Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to Medina and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his companions to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the Quraysh who were taken prisoners at the battle of Badr regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became literate. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most suras were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both Sunni and Shia sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the revelation. When Muhammad dies, what had not yet been compiled as a book? ","When Muhammad dies, what had not yet been compiled as a book?", Quran +"Given the context: 'Discover Financial Services, Inc. is an American financial services company, which issues the Discover Card and operates the Discover and Pulse networks, and owns Diners Club International. Discover Card is the third largest credit card brand in the United States, when measured by cards in force, with nearly 50 million cardholders.' , classify the statement: 'Discover Card is a way to build credit for less than 50 million cardholders' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Discover Card is a way to build credit for less than 50 million cardholders,"{ contradiction } This is true. Nearly 50 million implies just less than 50 million, and having a credit card builds credit" +" However, early Christian writers who speak of the shape of the particular gibbet on which Jesus died invariably describe it as having a cross-beam. For instance, the Epistle of Barnabas, which was certainly earlier than 135, and may have been of the 1st century AD, the time when the gospel accounts of the death of Jesus were written, likened it to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300), and to the position assumed by Moses in Exodus 17:11–12. Justin Martyr (100–165) explicitly says the cross of Christ was of two-beam shape: ""That lamb which was commanded to be wholly roasted was a symbol of the suffering of the cross which Christ would undergo. For the lamb, which is roasted, is roasted and dressed up in the form of the cross. For one spit is transfixed right through from the lower parts up to the head, and one across the back, to which are attached the legs of the lamb."" Irenaeus, who died around the end of the 2nd century, speaks of the cross as having ""five extremities, two in length, two in breadth, and one in the middle, on which [last] the person rests who is fixed by the nails."" How is one attached to the cross? ",How is one attached to the cross?, fixed by the nails +"With the given context: 'Jaime Federico Said Camil Saldaña da Gama (born 22 July 1973), known professionally as Jaime Camil, is a Mexican actor, singer and host. He is best known for his roles as Fernando Mendiola in ""La Fea Mas Bella"" and Rogelio de la Vega in ""Jane the Virgin.""' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Jaime Federico Said Camil Saldaña da Gama is much more than just a host, he can also sing and act' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Jaime Federico Said Camil Saldaña da Gama is much more than just a host, he can also sing and act","{ neutral } Him being a host, actor and singer is mentioned in the context description, the system might have gotten confused by the more complicated language used" +" The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855. The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures. The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral. In August 1859, Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor, but had to flee to Durango two months later. In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni. Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo. Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state, but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state. The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree. The state elected General Luis Terrazas, a liberal leader, as governor; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861. The state was able to survive through which war? ",The state was able to survive through which war?, Reform War +"Analyze the premise: 'Susarion (Greek: Σουσαρίων) was an Archaic Greek comic poet, was a native of Tripodiscus in Megaris (see Megara) and is considered one of the originators of metrical comedy and, by others, he was considered the founder of Attic Comedy. Nothing of his work, however, survives except one iambic fragment (see below) and this is not from a comedy but instead seems to belong within the Iambus tradition.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Susarion's primary medium appears to be poetry.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Susarion's primary medium appears to be poetry.,"{ neutral } His famous for being a comedic poet, so his primary artistic medium is likely poetry." +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Stinky Puffs were an early 90's rock band started by then seven-year-old Simon Fair Timony, then-stepson of Jad Fair, and by Cody Linn Ranaldo, son of Sonic Youth guitarist Lee Ranaldo. After a 7"" single an LP followed in 1995 titled ""A Little Tiny Smelly Bit of...the Stinky Puffs"" and an EP in 1996 titled ""Songs and Advice for Kids Who Have Been Left Behind"".' , determine if the claim: 'The Stinky Puffs record their first single in 1994.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Stinky Puffs record their first single in 1994.,{ contradiction } We were not given information on the first single. +"With the given context: 'In other words you could have -- right now, if Congress decides to have a law, and this law is going to give copyrights in 1) the Bible, 2) Shakespeare, 3) Ben Jonson, and the reason they do it is that they think that that would lead publishers to produce those and distribute them, and they're right, they will, okay? In your view, that's perfectly constitutional?' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'if congress decided to have law it doesn't have to give copyrights.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",if congress decided to have law it doesn't have to give copyrights.,{ contradiction } The law doesn't have to have copyrights. it says if the law has copyrights. I tricked it by saying the opposite it said while being a true statement. +"Given the premise: 'Fortuna Sittard is a football club in Sittard, The Netherlands. The club currently plays its football in the 12,500 capacity Fortuna Sittard Stadion and features in the Dutch Eerste Divisie. The club was a merger of former clubs 'Fortuna 54' and 'Sittardia' who merged as the Fortuna Sittardia Combinatie on 1 July 1968.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The football club plays against 12,500 people in Fortuna Sittard Stadion.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The football club plays against 12,500 people in Fortuna Sittard Stadion.","{ entailment } The football club plays in the Fortuna Sittard Stadion which has a 12,500 capacity, but they do not play against the people there to watch the sport. The system most likely looked for the pattern of the words but didn't give the context consideration." +" As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries were mostly run by women known as ""dames"". They typically contain about fifty boys. Although classes are organised on a School basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their House. Each House has a formal name, mainly used for post and people outside the Eton community. It is generally known by the boys by the initials or surname of the House Master, the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it. Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what? ",Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?," ""dames"" " +" In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain. In 1922, which estate sold The Times? ","In 1922, which estate sold The Times?", Northcliffe estate +" The European Union uses the terms racial origin and ethnic origin synonymously in its documents and according to it ""the use of the term 'racial origin' in this directive does not imply an acceptance of such [racial] theories"".[full citation needed] Haney López warns that using ""race"" as a category within the law tends to legitimize its existence in the popular imagination. In the diverse geographic context of Europe, ethnicity and ethnic origin are arguably more resonant and are less encumbered by the ideological baggage associated with ""race"". In European context, historical resonance of ""race"" underscores its problematic nature. In some states, it is strongly associated with laws promulgated by the Nazi and Fascist governments in Europe during the 1930s and 1940s. Indeed, in 1996, the European Parliament adopted a resolution stating that ""the term should therefore be avoided in all official texts"". In what year did the European Parliament adopt a resolution to remove ""race"" from all official texts? ","In what year did the European Parliament adopt a resolution to remove ""race"" from all official texts?", 1996 +"Given the context: 'Cyrinda Foxe (born Kathleen Victoria Hetzekian; February 22, 1952 – September 7, 2002) was an American actress, model and publicist, best known for her role in ""Andy Warhol's Bad"" (1977). She was married to both David Johansen of the proto-punk band New York Dolls and Steven Tyler of the hard rock band Aerosmith. She is the mother of Mia Tyler.' , classify the statement: 'Cyrinda Foxe wasn't actually named that when she was born in 1952' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cyrinda Foxe wasn't actually named that when she was born in 1952,{ neutral } She was named Kathleen Victoria Hetzekian. I didn't expect that sentence to trick the system +" As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria. After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours. In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil (1960) and the USA (1960), including New York City, Washington, DC, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. While a cardinal, he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey, a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland. What country did Montini visit as Cardinal? ",What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?, Africa +" In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story. On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was ""packaging"" a comic book character. The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator. Schwarzenegger said he was reading scripts that included the one for what WWII film based on a true story? ",Schwarzenegger said he was reading scripts that included the one for what WWII film based on a true story?, With Wings as Eagles +" The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade). What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times? ",What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?, slaves +" Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics. The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return. In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, ""It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."" Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW? ",Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW?, Manhattan project +"Given the detailed context: 'Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed ""the Red Devils"", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.', judge whether the statement: 'Manchester United changed owners in 1902.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Manchester United changed owners in 1902.,"{ entailment } Nothing in the context says anything about who owns Manchester United, simply that they changed their name in 1902 and moved to a new stadium. It is possible whoever owned the team still owned them during that transition or it's possible they changed owners." +" Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the Mâcon region of France in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear. Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. It sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by placing itself under the protection of the papacy and by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords. In what year was Cluny Abbey founded? ",In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?, 909 +" New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary home of former presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, and Bill Clinton, as well as Secretary of State John Kerry. President Clinton met his wife, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, while the two were students at Yale Law School. Former vice presidents John C. Calhoun and Dick Cheney also studied in New Haven (although the latter did not graduate from Yale). Before the 2008 election, the last time there was not a person with ties to New Haven and Yale on either major party's ticket was 1968. James Hillhouse, a New Haven native, served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1801. What former U.S. vice president graduated from Yale University? ",What former U.S. vice president graduated from Yale University?, John C. Calhoun +" The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue. How many stories was The Traymore Hotel after its renovation? ",How many stories was The Traymore Hotel after its renovation?, 16 +" A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers. What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers? ",What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?, Territorial reform +" Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain vibrant personalities. The initial interest for many is the wage and benefits package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away. How important do NPOs consider hiring? ",How important do NPOs consider hiring?, secondary priority +" The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical extreme and declared himself king. Diodotus II, son of Diodotus, was overthrown in about 230 BC by Euthydemus, possibly the satrap of Sogdiana, who then started his own dynasty. In c. 210 BC, the Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by a resurgent Seleucid empire under Antiochus III. While victorious in the field, it seems Antiochus came to realise that there were advantages in the status quo (perhaps sensing that Bactria could not be governed from Syria), and married one of his daughters to Euthydemus's son, thus legitimising the Greco-Bactria dynasty. Soon afterwards the Greco-Bactrian kingdom seems to have expanded, possibly taking advantage of the defeat of the Parthian king Arsaces II by Antiochus. What leader overthrew Diodotus II? ",What leader overthrew Diodotus II?, Euthydemus +"Considering the context: 'How to take care of your new leopard gecko
Get the right environment. A leopard gecko does great in 10-20 gallon (37.9-75.7 l) tanks pretty much all of their life. Options are an aquarium, terrarium, or vivarium.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The article is about how to take care of your new leopard.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The article is about how to take care of your new leopard.,"{ entailment } Actually, it's about ""How to take care of your new leopard gecko"" -- a big difference with the omission of just one word, which the model overlooked." +" At low frequencies (such as AM broadcast), arrays of vertical towers are used to achieve directionality and they will occupy large areas of land. For reception, a long Beverage antenna can have significant directivity. For non directional portable use, a short vertical antenna or small loop antenna works well, with the main design challenge being that of impedance matching. With a vertical antenna a loading coil at the base of the antenna may be employed to cancel the reactive component of impedance; small loop antennas are tuned with parallel capacitors for this purpose. What is a problem one might encounter when using a portable antenna? ",What is a problem one might encounter when using a portable antenna?, impedance matching +"Given the context: 'The Hague Academy of International Law (French: ""Académie de droit international de La Haye"" ) is a center for high-level education in both public and private international law housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands. Courses are taught in English and French and, except for External Programme Courses, are held in the Peace Palace.' , classify the statement: 'Every single course is taught in the Peace Palace.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Every single course is taught in the Peace Palace.,"{ neutral } It states "" except for External Programme Courses, are held in the Peace Palace."" therefore every course is not taught in the Peace palace." +" Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepared cheat sheets for schools. Novgorod had a sewage system and wood paving not often found in other cities at the time. The Russkaya Pravda confined punishments to fines and generally did not use capital punishment. Certain rights were accorded to women, such as property and inheritance rights. What could you find in Novgorod that you couldn't in most other cities? ",What could you find in Novgorod that you couldn't in most other cities?, sewage system and wood paving +"Examine the premise: 'Kim Won-sik (Hangul: 김원식 , born February 15, 1993) better known by his stage name Ravi (Hangul: 라비 ), is a South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter, producer, signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. He is a member of the South Korean boy group VIXX and VIXX sub-unit VIXX LR. He debuted as a solo artist on January 9, 2017, with the release of his debut mini album ""R.EAL1ZE"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Kim Won-sik is the singer for the album ""R.EAL1ZE"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Kim Won-sik is the singer for the album ""R.EAL1ZE"".","{ neutral } It is correct. Kim was solo for his album ""R.EAL1ZE"". Maybe the system did not connect singer to solo artist." +" While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament. What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century? ",What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?, equal temperament +" Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker. Who in Houston tends to vote Republican? ",Who in Houston tends to vote Republican?, wealthier areas +" The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, ""Armenians"") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk. When did Xenophon visit Armenia? ",When did Xenophon visit Armenia?, 401 BC +" But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of ""The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'humanism', for the time has come to create a word for such a beautiful and necessary thing"". The latter part of the 18th and the early 19th centuries saw the creation of numerous grass-roots ""philanthropic"" and benevolent societies dedicated to human betterment and the spreading of knowledge (some Christian, some not). After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity. Humanism began to acquire a negative sense. The Oxford English Dictionary records the use of the word ""humanism"" by an English clergyman in 1812 to indicate those who believe in the ""mere humanity"" (as opposed to the divine nature) of Christ, i.e., Unitarians and Deists. In this polarised atmosphere, in which established ecclesiastical bodies tended to circle the wagons and reflexively oppose political and social reforms like extending the franchise, universal schooling, and the like, liberal reformers and radicals embraced the idea of Humanism as an alternative religion of humanity. The anarchist Proudhon (best known for declaring that ""property is theft"") used the word ""humanism"" to describe a ""culte, déification de l’humanité"" (""worship, deification of humanity"") and Ernest Renan in L’avenir de la science: pensées de 1848 (""The Future of Knowledge: Thoughts on 1848"") (1848–49), states: ""It is my deep conviction that pure humanism will be the religion of the future, that is, the cult of all that pertains to humanity—all of life, sanctified and raised to the level of a moral value."" What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time? ",What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?, idolatry of humanity +"With the premise: 'The Norwegian Newspaper Corpus is a large and self-expanding corpus of Norwegian newspaper texts. The collection of this dynamic and continually growing corpus began in 1998.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Norwegian Newspaper has been around for about 13 years.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Norwegian Newspaper has been around for about 13 years.,{ entailment } should be 21 years so this is incorrect but the AI isn't the best at math yet +" Maximum power transfer requires matching the impedance of an antenna system (as seen looking into the transmission line) to the complex conjugate of the impedance of the receiver or transmitter. In the case of a transmitter, however, the desired matching impedance might not correspond to the dynamic output impedance of the transmitter as analyzed as a source impedance but rather the design value (typically 50 ohms) required for efficient and safe operation of the transmitting circuitry. The intended impedance is normally resistive but a transmitter (and some receivers) may have additional adjustments to cancel a certain amount of reactance in order to ""tweak"" the match. When a transmission line is used in between the antenna and the transmitter (or receiver) one generally would like an antenna system whose impedance is resistive and near the characteristic impedance of that transmission line in order to minimize the standing wave ratio (SWR) and the increase in transmission line losses it entails, in addition to supplying a good match at the transmitter or receiver itself. What is SWR? ",What is SWR?, standing wave ratio +" The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October. What was the record heat spike in Multan? ",What was the record heat spike in Multan?, 54 °C +" Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the United States. According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston? ","According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston?", 2.239 million +" The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under the dominion of the Taifa of Seville of the Abbadids poets. The Taifa period ended with the conquest of the Almoravids who came from Morocco in 1086 winning a decisive victory at the Battle of Sagrajas, followed a century later in 1147, after the second period of Taifa, by the Almohads, also from Marrakesh. Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations? ",Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?, the Christian kingdoms of the north +"Given the detailed context: 'Black Dahlia is a 2006 United States production horror film inspired by the mysterious unsolved murder of the""Black Dahlia"", Hollywood actress Elizabeth Short. Instead of dramatizing the infamous 1947 murder of Short and the ensuing investigation, writer-director Ulli Lommel follows a series of contemporary L.A.-area homicides patterned after the 1947 slaying.', judge whether the statement: 'Black Dahlia starts with an A.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Black Dahlia starts with an A.,{ entailment } B is the answer. +" Two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area. In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crossed the Thames, or went to a now lost island in the river. Dendrology dated the timbers to 1500 BC. In 2010 the foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4500 BC, were found on the Thames foreshore, south of Vauxhall Bridge. The function of the mesolithic structure is not known. Both structures are on South Bank, at a natural crossing point where the River Effra flows into the River Thames. The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period? ",The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period?, Bronze Age +" The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insurgentes. As the microbuses were removed from its route, it was hoped that the Metrobús could reduce pollution and decrease transit time for passengers. In June 2013, Mexico City's mayor announced two more lines to come: Line 5 serving Eje 3 Oriente and Line 6 serving Eje 5 Norte. As of June 2013, 367 Metrobús buses transported 850,000 passengers daily. How many people ride the Metrobus every day? ",How many people ride the Metrobus every day?," 850,000 " +" In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto ""Forward"" at the bottom of the crest. What celebration did Arsenal have in the 2011-12 season? ",What celebration did Arsenal have in the 2011-12 season?, 125th year anniversary +"Given the premise: 'I do n't know as I shall tell him so , though .
He 'll just have to take it for granted .
Well , Anne , dearie , it 's a mercy the Lord does n't answer all our prayers .
I 've been praying hard right along that the operation would n't cure Dick .
Of course I did n't put it just quite so plain .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The operation did cure Dick.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The operation did cure Dick.,{ entailment } The text does not suggest or imply that the operation cured Dick. It just states that the person wished that it would not. +" The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product. What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain? ",What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?, untranslated introns +" On December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter. However, after the original AFL filed for bankruptcy, this arrangement did not carry over to the new AFL, which is a separate legal entity. On what date did ESPN buy a minority share of the AFL? ",On what date did ESPN buy a minority share of the AFL?," December 19, 2006 " +" Starting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV station broadcast their games locally and all games are available on local radio. On what channel could one watch ArenaBowl XXVII live? ",On what channel could one watch ArenaBowl XXVII live?, ESPN +" Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term ""Sanskrit"" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual. Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages. However, linguistic change led to an eventual loss of mutual intelligibility. The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India? ",The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?, Pāṇini and Patanjali +"Analyze the premise: 'Doug McConnell is a television journalist who has focused on environmental issues, with programs on the air continuously since 1982. He has created, produced and hosted many series, special programs, and news projects for local, national and international distribution. His broadcast awards include multiple Emmys, an Iris, and a Gabriel.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Doug McConnell had not been born yet in 1950.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Doug McConnell had not been born yet in 1950.,"{ entailment } His date of birth is never mentioned and there aren't any useful hints in the text as to his birth date, besides that he has had programs on the air since 1982, but he certainly could have still been born in 1950 given that information. It's difficult because 1982 is mentioned in the text which seems to be enough to confuse the system with statements like this." +"Given the detailed context: 'How to take action to help africa
Join the one campaign and receive their emails. Each email tells you something you can do to help. Write letters to your mayor and senators to keep pushing the government into helping.', judge whether the statement: 'Emails are the best way to reach your mayor.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Emails are the best way to reach your mayor.,{ contradiction } Nothing in the context says what is the best way to reach your mayor so it could be correct or incorrect. I think it was difficult because it introduced email in a different way. +" In the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement. With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought. One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism. Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds? ",Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?, era of universal agreement +" Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption. Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what? ","Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?", gombeenism +" In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries. what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities? ",what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?, 1717 +"With the given context: 'It is my duty, pursuant to Standing Order 38, to inform the House that the questions to be raised tonight at the time of adjournment are as follows: the hon. member for Mississauga West, Youth Employment; the hon. member for Cumberland-Colchester, Airport Safety; the hon. member for Wetaskiwin, Aboriginal Affairs.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'He is a member of the house' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",He is a member of the house,{ entailment } It doesn't explicitly state the person writing is a member of the house. He could be sergeant of arms or something but not be elected or an actual member. +"Using the premise: 'They are only interested when commodity prices are going up, as they were when oil prices went up and Western Canadians were reaping the benefits of world prices and hence we had the National Energy Program imposed by the Liberals, a program that redistributed billions of dollars all across Canada, money that belonged to the producing provinces.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The statement was made by a liberal person.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The statement was made by a liberal person.,{ neutral } The statement stated about the National Energy Program imposed by the Liberals that went to Canada but not the producing provinces. The statement is negative against Liberals so they are not Liberals. +"Using the premise: 'Carlos Roberto PenaVega (born Carlos Roberto Pena Jr.; August 15, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for starring on the Nickelodeon series ""Big Time Rush"" as Carlos García in addition to being a member of the band Big Time Rush. He was the host of the Nickelodeon game show ""Webheads"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Carlos Roberto PenaVega will be 30 on August 15th 2019.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Carlos Roberto PenaVega will be 30 on August 15th 2019.,"{ contradiction } Based on his date of birth, Carlos will be 30 on August 15h, 2019. The system may not be able to make such calculations?" +"From the facts presented in 'Donaldson Center Airport (IATA: GDC, ICAO: KGYH, FAA LID: GYH) is a public airport six miles (10 km) south of the central business district of Greenville, a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. It located at the Donaldson Center Industrial Air Park and is owned by the City and County of Greenville.' , decide if the statement: 'Donaldson Center Airport (IATA: GDC, ICAO: KGYH, FAA LID: GYH) is a public airport 10 minus 4 miles (15 minus 5 km) south of the central business district of Greenville.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Donaldson Center Airport (IATA: GDC, ICAO: KGYH, FAA LID: GYH) is a public airport 10 minus 4 miles (15 minus 5 km) south of the central business district of Greenville.","{ contradiction } the statement is correct, it involves math to get the correct answer which makes the figures look incorrect to the AI." +"Reflect on the information in: 'The City of Canada Bay is a local government area in the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The city was formed on 1 December 2000, following the merger of Concord and Drummoyne councils. The city covers an area of 19.82 km2 and as at the 2016 census had a resident population of . The city is ultimately named after Canada Bay, a bay on the Parramatta River.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Canada bay has had a population of 1000.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Canada bay has had a population of 1000.,{ contradiction } It may have had a population on 1000 in the past. The text neither denies or confirms this. I think it beat the system because it is unlikely to be true. +"Given the detailed context: 'Alexander Aleksandrovich Alyabyev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Аля́бьев ; 15 August [O.S. 4 August] 1787 6 March [O.S. 22 February] 1851 ), also rendered as Alabiev or Alabieff, was a Russian composer known as one of the fathers of the Russian art song. He wrote seven operas, twenty musical comedies, a symphony, three string quartets, more than 200 songs, and many other pieces.', judge whether the statement: 'Alabiev lived to be more than 200 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Alabiev lived to be more than 200 years old.,"{ neutral } His birth and death are given, and we can easily see he was nowhere near 200 years old, but the number 200 being placed elsewhere in the statement confused the model." +" Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem. Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern. A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury. Despite its name, the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem. The Hardee's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount. Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there. A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral. Started in 1973, the chain was founded in Fayetteville, with headquarters located in Raleigh. Popular pickle brand Mount Olive Pickle Company was founded in Mount Olive in 1926. Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers, Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive. Cook Out, a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers, hot dogs, and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors, was founded in Greensboro in 1989 and has begun expanding outside of North Carolina. In 2013, Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South's ""Tastiest City."" Where is the Krispy kreme headquarters? ",Where is the Krispy kreme headquarters?, Winston-Salem +" Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee. Which Notre Dame alum from the College of Science won a Nobel Prize? ",Which Notre Dame alum from the College of Science won a Nobel Prize?, Eric F. Wieschaus +" The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Peak at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first national park. Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust. When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable cabbage tree species. The island's hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis) and the St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction. What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park? ",What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park?, 1996 +" In September 1940, during the Second World War, pro-Gaullist French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari and General Leclerc established his headquarters for the Free French Forces in Bangui. In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly, becoming the first representative for CAR in the French government. Boganda maintained a political stance against racism and the colonial regime but gradually became disheartened with the French political system and returned to CAR to establish the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN) in 1950. What was Bogandas platform that he ran for? ",What was Bogandas platform that he ran for?, political stance against racism +" Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that ""fascism is a matter of taste"". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as ""inevitable"".[citation needed] A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom? ",A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?, Hitler +"Considering the context: 'This new paragraph clarifies for organizations the circumstances under which they may accede at their discretion to the legitimate requests of government institutions for personal information, for national security, law enforcement and administrative purposes where they have lawful authority.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The new paragraph makes it more clear for organizations what circumstances they must accede to requests from all authoritarian figures for personal information where they have lawful authority.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The new paragraph makes it more clear for organizations what circumstances they must accede to requests from all authoritarian figures for personal information where they have lawful authority.,"{ neutral } The consent is not to ALL authoritarian figures, only those listed." +" The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein. Who granted Utrecht city rights ",Who granted Utrecht city rights , Henry V in 1122 +" Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe. These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a limited domestic function; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies. What do oversea operations require? ",What do oversea operations require?, coordination +" Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana? ",When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?, 1866 +" In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because its authority ultimately derived from the Marshal. The marshalcy dates back to the Hundred Years' 'War, and some historians trace it back to the early 12th century. Another organisation, the Constabulary (French: Connétablie), was under the command of the Constable of France. The constabulary was regularised as a military body in 1337. Under King Francis I (who reigned 1515–1547), the Maréchaussée was merged with the Constabulary. The resulting force was also known as the Maréchaussée, or, formally, the Constabulary and Marshalcy of France. What was the Marshal's force called? ",What was the Marshal's force called?, the Marshalcy +"With the given context: '[India], Mar 21 (ANI): The Delhi Police on Wednesday filed charge sheet in connection with Bawana fire case, in which 17 people were charred to death in a massive blaze at a firecracker storage unit in Delhi's Bawana area. Earlier in January, a Delhi court sent the owners of the firecracker factory Manoj jain and Lalit Goyal, accused in the Bawana fire, to judicial custody. On January 20, 17 people were killed in a fire at a firecracker storage unit in Bawana area in New Delhi. Of the 17 killed, 10 were women. A man and woman were also injured. (ANI)' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Fireworks were not involved in the fire.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Fireworks were not involved in the fire.,"{ neutral } I'm not sure why it was difficult. The writing states that it was a fireworks storage unit, fireworks were definitely involved, making my statment that they weren't, incorrect. " +" The first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2. In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released? ",In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released?, 1988 +"Given the context: 'Definite Article is the title of British comedian Eddie Izzard's 1996 performance released on VHS. It was recorded on different nights at the Shaftesbury Theatre. Both recordings cover topics such as ""The Italian Job"", Pavlov's dogs and European languages.' , classify the statement: 'Eddie Izzard was alive in 1960.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Eddie Izzard was alive in 1960.,"{ contradiction } We know he was alive in 1996, but there is no other information available to definitively prove or disprove whether he was alive in 1960 or not. It's difficult because the system seems to always assume that someone was or wasn't alive at a different date if at least one date is mentioned in the text." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Listennn... the Album is the debut studio album by American hip hop disc jockey DJ Khaled. It was released on June 6, 2006. by Terror Squad Entertainment and Koch Records. The album features guest appearances from Young Jeezy, Bun B, Birdman, Juelz Santana, Slim Thug, Krayzie Bone, Chamillionaire, Trina, Twista, Freeway, Jadakiss, Beanie Sigel, Styles P and Lil Scrappy, among others.' . Does the hypothesis: 'At least 19 people appear on the album' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",At least 19 people appear on the album,{ entailment } The included context states that the album by DJ Khaled includes 14 guest appearances plus others. It is unclear if there are at least 19 artists on the album +" Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. When did the Vikings invade Britain? ",When did the Vikings invade Britain?, 9th century +"Analyze the premise: 'Inferno (also released with the title, Operation Cobra) is a 1997 feature film directed by Fred Olen Ray starring Don Wilson, Deepti Bhatnagar and R. Madhavan. Evan Lurie, Michael Cavanaugh and Tané McClure appear in other pivotal roles. Wilson plays the role of Interpol agent Kyle Connors on a mission set in India.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Fred Olen Ray was born in nineteen hundred fifty six.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Fred Olen Ray was born in nineteen hundred fifty six.,{ entailment } His birth year is never mentioned. It's difficult because I wrote out the year and a different year is mentioned in the text. +" In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University. What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010? ",What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010?, Bursa Technical University +"Given the context: 'Instead of taking this advantage it will soon need in international negotiation, that is the experience of harmonizing two great traditions, the civil law and the common law, the government chose to set one of these traditions aside, the French one, to bury it, and forget about it.' , classify the statement: 'The government chose to set less than 3 traditions aside.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The government chose to set less than 3 traditions aside.,{ neutral } The government chose to set one of the traditions aside. The system was confused by the number. +"Using the premise: '""Blinded"" is a song by American alternative rock band Third Eye Blind. It was released in April 2003 as the lead single from their 2003 album, ""Out of the Vein"". It was written by Stephan Jenkins, Arion Salazar, and Tony Fredianelli. The song received positive reviews from music critics and peaked at number 34 on the ""Billboard"" Pop Songs chart.' , decide if the conclusion: 'It has been less than 15 years since ""Blinded"" was released.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","It has been less than 15 years since ""Blinded"" was released.","{ entailment } It was released in 2003, so it has been more than 15 years. It may have been difficult because it involves doing math." +"Given the detailed context: 'Yeidhavan (English: The Man Who Aims ) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language crime action film written and directed by Sakthi Rajasekaran and produced by Sudhakaran. The film stars Kalaiyarasan and Satna Titus in the leading roles and features music composed by newcomer, Paartav Barggo. The film released on 12 May 2017.', judge whether the statement: 'In the United States, the film will be known as The Man Who Aims' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In the United States, the film will be known as The Man Who Aims",{ neutral } having to put together that the english name would be used in the united states? +"Considering the context: 'Johnny English Reborn is a 2011 British action comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre. The film is the sequel to ""Johnny English"" (2003), and stars Rowan Atkinson reprising his role as the title character and directed by Oliver Parker. The film is the second installment of the ""Johnny English film series"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Johnny English Reborn is a good British Action comedy film' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Johnny English Reborn is a good British Action comedy film,{ entailment } It doesn't say the ratings of the film. +"From the facts presented in 'Tommy David Morrison (January 2, 1969 – September 1, 2013) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1988 to 1996, and held the WBO heavyweight title in 1993. He retired from boxing in 1996 when he tested positive for HIV, but returned for two more fights in 2007 and 2008. Morrison is also known for starring alongside Sylvester Stallone in the 1990 film ""Rocky V"".' , decide if the statement: 'Tommy David morrison was born January 2, 1970.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Tommy David morrison was born January 2, 1970.","{ entailment } He was actually born January 2, 1969." +"Considering the context: 'The 1989 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was a football match contested between Barcelona of Spain and Sampdoria of Italy. It was the final match of the 1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 29th European Cup Winners' Cup Final. The final was held at Wankdorf Stadium in Bern, Switzerland, on 10 May 1989. Barcelona won the match 2–0 thanks to goals by Julio Salinas and Luis López Rekarte.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'In the past Barcelona lost to Sampdoria.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",In the past Barcelona lost to Sampdoria.,{ entailment } The article does not mention past matches; the system may not have understood syntax. +"Considering the context: 'How to delete a status on facebook
Log into your facebook account. Using any web browser on your computer, visit. [substeps] Enter your registered email address and password in the fields at the top right corner of the page, and click the "" log in "" button to access to your account.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Anyone can delete a Facebook account.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Anyone can delete a Facebook account.,"{ contradiction } One must have a Facebook account or access to one in order to delete it, as it requires a login." +" + Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police. What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd? ",What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd?, Istanbul +" The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year. By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, ""Atlantic City's Godfather"" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the ""Father of Atlantic City"") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who ""were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney"": By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year? ","By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year?"," 500,000 " +"Considering the context: 'Anthony Carroll ""Tony"" Knowles (born January 1, 1943) is an American politician and businessman who served as the seventh Governor of Alaska from December 1994 to December 2002. Barred from seeking a third consecutive term as governor in 2002, he ran unsuccessfully for the Senate in 2004 and again for governor in 2006.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Anthony Knowles was barred from running for a pretty unusual, third consecutive term as governor' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Anthony Knowles was barred from running for a pretty unusual, third consecutive term as governor","{ neutral } He was barred from running for a third term as governor, which would be unusual, so my statement is correct" +" Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the ""dialects"" of a ""language"" (which itself may be a ""dialect"" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several ""dialects"" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some ""branches"" of the tree changing more rapidly than others. From what language is North Germanic derived? ",From what language is North Germanic derived?, Old Norse +"From the information in: 'Pakistan's President Pervez Musharraf held talks with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown in London on Tuesday, reassuring his host that Pakistan will hold a fair election next month and is ready to continue a sustained fight against terrorism and extremism. The visit has been widely called President Musharraf's ""charm offensive."" The Pakistani leader has held talks in Brussels, Paris, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland and now in London in an effort which has been seen as an attempt to shore up European support for his government.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'President Pervez Musharraf told British Prime Minister Gordon Brown that he was going to fix the election.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",President Pervez Musharraf told British Prime Minister Gordon Brown that he was going to fix the election.,"{ neutral } President Pervez Musharraf told British Prime Minister Gordon Brown that he was going to hold a fair election, not fix it." +"From the information in: 'The Grand Prix des Frontières was a motor race held at a street circuit in Chimay, Belgium. The race was created by Jules Buisseret, who was also responsible for the circuit's existence. The first event was held in 1929 and was discontinued after the 1972 event for safety reasons.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Grand Prix des Frontières was a race that started in 1929, and it was discontinued a year after that' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Grand Prix des Frontières was a race that started in 1929, and it was discontinued a year after that","{ entailment } It was discontinued in 1972, not a year after 1929, so my statement is incorrect" +" Some critics of intellectual property, such as those in the free culture movement, point at intellectual monopolies as harming health (in the case of pharmaceutical patents), preventing progress, and benefiting concentrated interests to the detriment of the masses, and argue that the public interest is harmed by ever-expansive monopolies in the form of copyright extensions, software patents, and business method patents. More recently scientists and engineers are expressing concern that patent thickets are undermining technological development even in high-tech fields like nanotechnology. Developments in nanotechnology are being undermined by what type of IP? ",Developments in nanotechnology are being undermined by what type of IP?, patent +"Analyze the premise: 'The GVB (""Golfvaardigheidsbewijs"" in Dutch, ""Brevet d´aptitude"" in French) or golf ability license is a standardised test and licensing process which players of the game of golf must go through in order to be allowed to play on many golf courses in Belgium or the Netherlands.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The GVB is in more than 2 different languages.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The GVB is in more than 2 different languages.,{ entailment } only two languages specified. +" Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights. To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings? ",To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings?, wooden roof-mounted water towers +"From the information in: 'Monkey Business is a 1952 American screwball comedy film directed by Howard Hawks and written by Ben Hecht, which stars Cary Grant, Ginger Rogers, Charles Coburn, and Marilyn Monroe. To avoid confusion with the famous 1931 Marx Brothers film of the same name, this film is sometimes referred to as Howard Hawks' Monkey Business.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Monkey Business was made before 1950' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Monkey Business was made before 1950,{ entailment } Monkey Business is a 1952 American screwball comedy film +" Helmut Hoffman states that the Ming upheld the facade of rule over Tibet through periodic missions of ""tribute emissaries"" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas, but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance. Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet, as the various titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority as the earlier Mongol Yuan titles had. He asserts that ""by conferring titles on Tibetans already in power, the Ming emperors merely recognized political reality."" Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, the Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565), and Tsangpa (1565–1642). What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end? ",What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?, 1435–1565 +"Given the premise: 'Blackburn with Darwen is a unitary authority area in Lancashire, North West England. It consists of Blackburn, the small town of Darwen to the south of it, and the surrounding countryside. The population of the Unitary Authority taken at the 2011 census was 147,489.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Blackburn with Darwen is in the south of Lancashire' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Blackburn with Darwen is in the south of Lancashire,{ entailment } The context states that Blackburn with Darwen is in Lancashire but not where exactly. I think the system got it wrong because I used key words from the context. +" Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950. By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009? ",By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?," 13,089 " +" Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary. How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on? ",How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?, trans-generational +" In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th century, Jerome (d. 420) dreamed that God rebuked him for spending more time reading Cicero than the Bible. By the 6th century, Gregory of Tours (d. 594) had a similar dream, but instead of being chastised for reading Cicero, he was chastised for learning shorthand. By the late 6th century, the principal means of religious instruction in the Church had become music and art rather than the book. Most intellectual efforts went towards imitating classical scholarship, but some original works were created, along with now-lost oral compositions. The writings of Sidonius Apollinaris (d. 489), Cassiodorus (d. c. 585), and Boethius (d. c. 525) were typical of the age. What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible? ",What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible?, Cicero +" British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised ""Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde"" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as ""sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music""—as well as media figures such as BBC DJ John Peel, while several groups, such as PiL and Joy Division, achieved some success in the popular charts. The network of supportive record labels that included Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass continued to facilitate a large output of music, by artists such as the Raincoats, Essential Logic, Killing Joke, the Teardrop Explodes, and the Psychedelic Furs. How did critics respond to British post-punk groups in the 1980s? ",How did critics respond to British post-punk groups in the 1980s?, support +"Analyze the premise: 'Margarita la tornera (Margarita the Gatekeeper) is an opera in three acts composed by Ruperto Chapí to a libretto by Carlos Fernández Shaw, based on a dramatic poem by José Zorrilla. It premiered on February 24, 1909 at the Teatro Real in Madrid in a performance conducted by the composer. An acclaimed recording of the opera came out in 1999 with Plácido Domingo and Elisabete Matos.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Jose Zorilla's poem was created after the opera.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jose Zorilla's poem was created after the opera.,{ neutral } The opera was based off the poem so the poem had to have been created before the opera. I think the AI got confused because of the partial sentence about the poem that was tacked onto the end of the opera's main line. +"With the premise: 'Visiting Grandpa
Tyler visits his grandpa on Saturday. He meets grandpa at the nursing home. They drive to the park. Grandpa tells stories while they feed ducks. Tyler treats grandpa to ice cream before driving home.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Tyler's grandpa and grandma are at the nursing home.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Tyler's grandpa and grandma are at the nursing home.,"{ contradiction } We only know that Tyler visits his grandpa at the nursing home to take him on an outing, but we don't know anything about his grandma. The algorithm assumes only grandpa is there, because grandma is not mentioned." +"With the given context: 'ROCHESTER, Minn. – Another construction theft is under investigation in Olmsted County. Authorities say the theft happened Aug. 18-20 in the 4900 block of Mayo River Lane SW. A side door on a construction trailer was pried open and items such as air nailers, saws and drills were stolen. The value of the items is between $13,000-$15,000.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'There was construction close to Mayo River Lane SW in August.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",There was construction close to Mayo River Lane SW in August.,{ neutral } A construction trailer will be located on a construction site so the sentence is correct. +" In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the ""father of the ice-age concept"" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas. What was the cause of the severe erosion? ",What was the cause of the severe erosion?, glaciation +" The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI: In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions? ","In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?"," income, life expectancy, and education " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Roving Mars is an IMAX documentary film about the development, launch, and operation of the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. The film uses few actual photographs from Mars, opting to use computer generated animation based on the photographs and data from the rovers and other Mars probes. The film has been released on Blu-ray disc by distributor Disney.' . Does the hypothesis: 'IMAX was the distributor of Roving Mars.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",IMAX was the distributor of Roving Mars.,{ entailment } Disney was the distributor but it was an IMAX film. +"From the facts presented in 'Seth gets sick
Seth is eating his favorite burger. He enjoys it. After about 30 minutes his stomach starts feeling weird. Seth begins feeling sick. Moments later Seth vomits all over the place.' , decide if the statement: 'After vomiting Seth felt well.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",After vomiting Seth felt well.,{ contradiction } My statement is indeed neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we don't know how he felt after vomiting. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Brookpark is a station on the RTA Red Line located on the borders of Brook Park and Cleveland, Ohio, USA. It is located along Brookpark Road (Ohio State Route 17), west of the intersection of Henry Ford Boulevard (Ohio State Route 291) and east of the intersection of the Berea Freeway (Ohio State Route 237).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Brookpark has a nickname' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Brookpark has a nickname,{ entailment } The context statement doesn't state if Brookpark has a nickname or not +"Based on the details provided in: 'Trevor Clarke MLA (born 28 July 1967) is a Democratic Unionist Party politician in Northern Ireland. He was first elected in 2007 to the Northern Ireland Assembly as a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) member for South Antrim. Clarke lost his seat at the 2017 Assembly election, but was later co-opted by the DUP after Paul Girvan was elected in the 2017 general election.' , determine if the claim: 'Trevor Clarke was first elected when he was 35 years old.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Trevor Clarke was first elected when he was 35 years old.,"{ neutral } Trevor Clarke won an election in 2007, when he would have been 29 or 30 years old (not 35). I think the system was confused as his age is never specifically mentioned in the passage, though his date of birth is." +" The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013. When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency? ",When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency?, January 2001 +"From the facts presented in 'Jessica Hamby is a fictional character in the ""True Blood"" series, portrayed by Deborah Ann Woll. In the series, which chronicles the life of human waitress Sookie Stackhouse and her friends after vampires make themselves known to humans, Jessica is a newly turned vampire who must learn to deal with her vampiric abilities, weaknesses and altered lifestyle.' , decide if the statement: 'Vampires in the ""True Blood"" series drink fake blood and sparkle in sunlight.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Vampires in the ""True Blood"" series drink fake blood and sparkle in sunlight.","{ contradiction } Given the context, there are no actual specifications made about what the vampires in the ""True Blood"" series can or cannot do, so the statement is neither correct or incorrect without more information. The system probably thought it was incorrect because I used very few key words in the statement." +" Madonna moved in with boyfriend John ""Jellybean"" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production. Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced ""Holiday"", which was her third single and her first global hit. The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco, using some of the new technology of the time, like the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and the OB-X synthesizer. The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later, in 1984. It yielded two more hit singles, ""Borderline"" and ""Lucky Star"". Who remixed most of Madonna's album tracks? ",Who remixed most of Madonna's album tracks?, Benitez +" Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe. Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century? ",Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?, Hormuz +" Cuba, like many Spanish territories, wanted to break free from Spain. A pro-independence movement in Cuba was supported by the U.S., and Cuban guerrilla leaders wanted annexation to the United States, but Cuban revolutionary leader José Martí called for Cuban nationhood. When the U.S. battleship Maine sank in Havana Harbor, the U.S. blamed Spain and the Spanish–American War broke out in 1898. After the U.S. won, Spain relinquished claim of sovereignty over territories, including Cuba. The U.S. administered Cuba as a protectorate until 1902. Several decades later in 1959, the corrupt Cuban government of U.S.-backed Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by Fidel Castro. Castro installed a Marxist–Leninist government allied with the Soviet Union, which has been in power ever since. What government did Castro install? ",What government did Castro install?, Marxist–Leninist government +"Given the premise: 'The Badgers are getting preparing to host Florida Atlantic for another home game in Camp Randall. It was announced on Thursday that running back Bradrick Shaw has been limited during practice this week and is questionable for Saturday's game with a right leg injury. Running back Taiwan Deal remains out as he recovers from ankle surgery. It puts even more of a load on freshman Jonathan Taylor this weekend - who was the team's leading rusher last week. ""... More >>' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Taiwan Deal might lead the Badgers in rushing against Florida Atlantic.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Taiwan Deal might lead the Badgers in rushing against Florida Atlantic.,"{ neutral } The passage lists Taiwan Deal as being ""out"" against FAU due to ankle surgery, so he can't possibly lead the Badgers in rushing that week. I guess the agent is confused because it doesn't understand the concept of sports injuries or something." +"From the facts presented in '21 Laps Entertainment is an American film and television production company run by director-producer Shawn Levy. 21 Laps produces content in multiple genres and along with Levy, the company’s leadership includes Dan Levine (President) and Dan Cohen (Senior Vice President).' , decide if the statement: '21 Laps Entertainment is an American director-producer run by Shawn Levy.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",21 Laps Entertainment is an American director-producer run by Shawn Levy.,"{ entailment } I wrote that the company was a director-producer, but the text says it is run by the director-producer. The system was confused into thinking it was correct because I otherwise kept the same phrasing." +"Consider the premise in: 'National Security is a 2003 action comedy film, directed by Dennis Dugan, starring Martin Lawrence and Steve Zahn. In addition to Lawrence and Zahn, ""National Security"" boasts an additional cast of Bill Duke, Eric Roberts, Colm Feore, Matt McCoy, and others.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Martin Lawrence and Steve Zahn have never acted in a scene with Colm Feore.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Martin Lawrence and Steve Zahn have never acted in a scene with Colm Feore.,"{ contradiction } Martin Lawrence and Steve Zahn, and Colm Feore all starred in ""National Security"", however, whether they had any scenes together is unclear in the context, so the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. I believe the model focused on the ""never"" in the statement and assumed it negated their working together in the movie altogether, missing the nuance of the phrase ""acted in a scene with""." +"Examine the information in 'FermiLab's goal is to ensure that if a program runs and is certified on RedHat Enterprise, then it will run on the corresponding Fermi Linux LTS release. They have built Fermi Linux LTS for Fermilab's use, and that is their ultimate goal.' Is the statement: 'They've succeeded in their aims.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",They've succeeded in their aims.,{ neutral } They built the system that is their goal. +" The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt. ""It was unconscionable,"" said a UN official who was briefed on the arguments. North Korea is frequently listed among the world’s worst offenders against human rights. North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard? ",North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard?, against human rights. +"Considering the context: 'A shooting in Irvington has left one person dead on Monday night, according to the Essex County Prosecutor's Office. Essex County Chief Assistant Prosecutor Thomas Fennelly said his office is investigating a ""shooting homicide"" on 21st Street. The name of the victim has not been released and no other details were available as of 11 p.m. on Monday. Chris Sheldon may be reached at csheldon@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @chrisrsheldon Find NJ.com on Facebook.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Chris Sheldon's twitter is private.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Chris Sheldon's twitter is private.,"{ contradiction } we know he has a twitter, but we don't know if it is private or not. " +"Examine the premise: 'I would agree. And I also agree that most police officers, of course, are doing a good job and hate this practice also. I talked to an African-American police officer in Springfield, Massachusetts not long ago who raised this question and said that in his opinion one of the biggest solutions is in the training.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'I talked to an African-American police officer in Springfield, Massachusetts long ago who raised this question and said that in his opinion one of the biggest solutions is in the training. +' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","I talked to an African-American police officer in Springfield, Massachusetts long ago who raised this question and said that in his opinion one of the biggest solutions is in the training. +",{ entailment } it was not long ago it should have been not too long ago but the rest was verbatim so the AI recognized it as correct +" The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs. How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern? ",How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern?, approximately 10 +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to be a safe teenage driver
Make sure to stick to the speed limit. Even if you are running late somewhere, don't speed. It's better to get to your destination a few minutes later than planned than to be in an accident.' , determine if the claim: 'You can't drive unless you're 15' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You can't drive unless you're 15,{ contradiction } It's unknown what the age limit is +"With the given context: 'Tony Shalhoub won best actor in a comedy for ""Monk"", and James Spader won best actor in a drama for ""Boston Legal.""' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Best actor awards are awarded to males.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Best actor awards are awarded to males.,"{ neutral } Best Actor awards are given to males, and best Actress awards are given to women. It is correct that only males are given the best actor award." +" According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations. 100,960 people identified as Evangelical Protestants, 50,866 as Roman Catholic, and 32,550 as mainline Protestants. Roughly 4% are Mormon, 0.5% are Jewish, 1% are Muslim, 0.5% are Buddhist, and 0.5% are Hindu. The largest religious denominations in Alaska as of 2010[update] were the Catholic Church with 50,866 adherents, non-denominational Evangelical Protestants with 38,070 adherents, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 32,170 adherents, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 19,891 adherents. Alaska has been identified, along with Pacific Northwest states Washington and Oregon, as being the least religious states of the USA, in terms of church membership. How does Alaska compare with other states in church membership? ",How does Alaska compare with other states in church membership?, least religious states of the USA +" Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure. One might modify or omit rhyme in a singing translation, but the assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical setting places great challenges on the translator. There is the option in prose sung texts, less so in verse, of adding or deleting a syllable here and there by subdividing or combining notes, respectively, but even with prose the process is almost like strict verse translation because of the need to stick as closely as possible to the original prosody of the sung melodic line. What places a great challenge on someone trying to translate music from one language to another? ",What places a great challenge on someone trying to translate music from one language to another?, assignment of syllables to specific notes in the original musical +" From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion in the west, following the defeat of the Arab army by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732. In 739 a major Berber Revolt broke out in North Africa, which was subdued only with difficulty, but it was followed by the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus. In India the Arab armies were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and by the north Indian Pratiharas Dynasty in the 8th century and the Arabs were driven out of India. In the Caucasus, the confrontation with the Khazars peaked under Hisham: the Arabs established Derbent as a major military base and launched several invasions of the northern Caucasus, but failed to subdue the nomadic Khazars. The conflict was arduous and bloody, and the Arab army even suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardabil in 730. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the future Marwan II, finally ended the war in 737 with a massive invasion that is reported to have reached as far as the Volga, but the Khazars remained unsubdued. Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours? ",Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours?, Franks +"Consider the premise in: 'Andreas Wolfsgruber (born 1962, Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian car designer and, since 2000, Head of the Magna Steyr Design Department. Between 1997 - 2000 he was engaged as a Lecturer at the Fh Joanneum Graz – Degree Programme „Industrial Management“.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Wolfsgruber almost married a lecturer.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Wolfsgruber almost married a lecturer.,"{ neutral } He was engaged AS a lecturer, not engaged TO a lecturer." +"Consider the premise in: 'The Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (also named ""AUST""), is a public university located in Havelian (12 km from Abbottabad), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The University offers admissions in ""Bachelors"", ""Masters"", ""MS/M. Phill"" and ""PHD"" programs.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'you can receive a PHD at the school' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",you can receive a PHD at the school,"{ neutral } The University offers admissions in ""Bachelors"", ""Masters"", ""MS/M. Phill"" and ""PHD"" programs. So you could actually get a PHD degree." +" The war had also brought to an end the ""Old System"" of alliances in Europe, In the years after the war, under the direction of Lord Sandwich, the British did try to re-establish this system. But after her surprising grand success against a coalition of great powers, European states such as Austria, The Dutch Republic, Sweden, Denmark-Norway, Ottoman Empire, and Russia now saw Britain as a greater threat than France and did not join them, while the Prussians were angered by what they considered a British betrayal in 1762. Consequently, when the American War of Independence turned into a global war between 1778–83, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally. What drove Prussia away from renewing its alliance with Britain? ",What drove Prussia away from renewing its alliance with Britain?, Prussians were angered by what they considered a British betrayal in 1762 +"Given the detailed context: 'No More Censorship is an album by Scream released in 1988 through RAS Records (RAS 4001). It is the first Scream album to feature Dave Grohl on drums, who went to be a part of many successful bands, most notably Nirvana and Them Crooked Vultures as a drummer, and Foo Fighters as guitarist and vocalist.', judge whether the statement: 'RAS was selling one of the Scream's albums.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",RAS was selling one of the Scream's albums.,{ neutral } RAS records released one of Scream's albums. +" By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries. Do some ethnic groups have concerns about census changes? ",Do some ethnic groups have concerns about census changes?," Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as " +" Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by his wife, Queen Victoria, who laid the first stone. In 1907, Imperial College London was formed by Royal Charter, and soon joined the University of London, with a focus on science and technology. The college has expanded its coursework to medicine through mergers with St Mary's Hospital. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School. Imperial became an independent university from the University of London during its one hundred year anniversary. Which document allowed the Imperial College London to be formed? ",Which document allowed the Imperial College London to be formed?, Royal Charter +"Analyze the premise: 'King of the Corner is a 2004 film featured at the Newport Film Festival. It stars Peter Riegert and Isabella Rossellini, and includes Eric Bogosian, Eli Wallach, Beverly D'Angelo and Rita Moreno. It was released in 2004. Peter Riegert also co-wrote and directed the film.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The film King of the Corner has competed for awards' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The film King of the Corner has competed for awards,{ neutral } Peter Riegert has directed films that have been featured at festivals +"Analyze the premise: 'Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell is a 2002 stealth video game developed by Ubi Soft Montreal and built on the Unreal Engine 2. It is the first ""Splinter Cell"" game in the series. Endorsed by author Tom Clancy, it follows the activities of NSA black ops agent Sam Fisher. The character of Fisher is voiced by actor Michael Ironside.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There were no other Splinter Cell games after 2002.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There were no other Splinter Cell games after 2002.,"{ neutral } The scenario claims the existence of a Splinter Cell series, suggesting future releases after the initial in 2002." +" However, while Whitehead saw religion as beginning in solitariness, he also saw religion as necessarily expanding beyond the individual. In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of ""the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."" In other words, the universe is a community which makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others – meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community. Whitehead writes further that each entity ""can find no such value till it has merged its individual claim with that of the objective universe. Religion is world-loyalty. The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself."" In this way the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent. What realization did Whitehead believe religion made necessary? ",What realization did Whitehead believe religion made necessary?," ""the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."" " +"With the premise: 'Katariga is a small community in Sagnarigu District in the Northern Region of Ghana. It has a dispersed settlement having Kumbuyili, Sugashee and Gurugu as its neighboring communities. Farming is the most common occupation in this community. It is one of the few communities headed by a female(Tindana) in the Northern Region .' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Katariga has a high population.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Katariga has a high population.,"{ neutral } Reason: It's a small community, and dispersed. Why: The AI can't find any population information in the context." +" At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition. What was the dress rehearsal for? ",What was the dress rehearsal for?, Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale +" Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the ""Kulluk"" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship. At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea. However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits. The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is ""too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations"". What did Shell initate after its 2005 purchase? ",What did Shell initate after its 2005 purchase?, its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program +"Considering the context: 'The Committee of 100 is a Wilmington, Delaware based lobbying group that deals with issues relating to economic development, local finance, and land use policy in the state of Delaware, particularly the northern part of New Castle County. It was founded in 1967.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Committee of 100 was founded in the 20th century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Committee of 100 was founded in the 20th century.,{ contradiction } 1967 is in the 20th century. I guess the number I used threw off the system. +"Examine the premise: 'How to work in commercial production
Enroll in a degree program in broadcast media, television production, communications or advertising. [substeps] Most production companies and television stations will require a bachelor's degree in addition to work samples when hiring. You will also have the opportunity, as a student in one of these programs, to create projects for your portfolio.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Your project portfolio can be key in landing a job at a news station.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Your project portfolio can be key in landing a job at a news station.,{ neutral } A news station applies as broadcast media and the article itself mention its importance. I used different language so that system got confused. +" The Indonesian Archipelago is split by the Wallace Line. This line runs along what is now known to be a tectonic plate boundary, and separates Asian (Western) species from Australasian (Eastern) species. The islands between Java/Borneo and Papua form a mixed zone, where both types occur, known as Wallacea. As the pace of development accelerates and populations continue to expand in Southeast Asia, concern has increased regarding the impact of human activity on the region's environment. A significant portion of Southeast Asia, however, has not changed greatly and remains an unaltered home to wildlife. The nations of the region, with only few exceptions, have become aware of the need to maintain forest cover not only to prevent soil erosion but to preserve the diversity of flora and fauna. Indonesia, for example, has created an extensive system of national parks and preserves for this purpose. Even so, such species as the Javan rhinoceros face extinction, with only a handful of the animals remaining in western Java. What is the concern in Southeast Asian region due to development & population expansion? ",What is the concern in Southeast Asian region due to development & population expansion?, impact of human activity on the region's environment. +"Given the context: '""Boat on the River"" is a 1979 song by Styx, from their album ""Cornerstone"". It was released as a single in 1980, but did not chart in the band's native United States. However, it was popular in several German-speaking countries, becoming a top-five hit on the German, Austrian and Swiss charts (reaching number one on the latter.)' , classify the statement: 'Boat on the River is known by everybody.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Boat on the River is known by everybody.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state that it is or isn't. +"Given the detailed context: 'Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière ( or ; ] ; 15 January 162217 February 1673), was a French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature. Among Molière's best known works are ""The Misanthrope"", ""The School for Wives"", ""Tartuffe"", ""The Miser"", ""The Imaginary Invalid"", and ""The Bourgeois Gentleman"".', judge whether the statement: 'Jean-Baptiste Poquelin died on February 17, 1673' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Jean-Baptiste Poquelin died on February 17, 1673","{ neutral } His date of death is listed as February 17, 1673" +"From the facts presented in 'Bunker started XenuTV in 1999 and began to make videos that he provided for the Lisa McPherson Trust. Bunker has been a critic of the Church of Scientology since 1997. In 2006, he won a Regional Emmy Award after he and KUSI-TV news reporter Lena Lewis produced a documentary news video on the issues with the United States - Mexico border with San Diego, California.' , decide if the statement: 'Lisa McPherson trusted Bunker.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Lisa McPherson trusted Bunker.,"{ entailment } I just tried to confuse the AI by using the word ""trusted"" in my statement since ""Trust"" (different meaning) was used in the context." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas is a 2011 computer animated television special and part of the ""Ice Age"" franchise, produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Karen Disher. It premiered on November 24, 2011 on Fox in the United States and in the United Kingdom at christmas on Channel 4 and E4 and it was released two days later to DVD and Blu-ray.' , determine if the claim: 'Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas was shown in December on Fox.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas was shown in December on Fox.,"{ entailment } It said that it premiered in November, but they may have shown an encore in December. There is no way to know. " +" The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers is an important meeting point. What channel is home to the soap opera Emmerdale? ",What channel is home to the soap opera Emmerdale?, ITV +"Analyze the premise: 'I understand that that's not what the defendants want in this case, but I don't think it's called for. And, as a matter of fact, I think if I did that and I ordered that and if -- I assume that the reporters would not testify and I would predict, if it went to the Third Circuit on that basis, I would be reversed. I don't think that that's a fair area of inquiry to get into.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'the reporters would be happy to help' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the reporters would be happy to help,{ contradiction } it says the reporters would not testify but it never said they would not be happy to help and therefore it is neither correct or incorrect +" All of Britain's campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759, part of what became known as an Annus Mirabilis. Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces, cutting off French frontier forts further west. On 13 September 1759, following a three-month siege of Quebec, General James Wolfe defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham outside the city. The French staged a counteroffensive in the spring of 1760, with initial success at the Battle of Sainte-Foy, but they were unable to retake Quebec, due to British naval superiority following the battle of Neuville. The French forces retreated to Montreal, where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority. What two forts fell on the same day in 1758? ",What two forts fell on the same day in 1758?, Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces +"Based on the details provided in: '""Champions"" is a song by American singer Usher and Panamanian singer Rubén Blades, recorded for the biographical sports film, ""Hands of Stone"" and is also included on his eight studio album ""Hard II Love"". It was released by RCA on August 26, 2016, available for digital download and online streaming. The song was written by Usher, Rubén Blades, Raphael Saadiq and Taura Stinson.' , determine if the claim: '""Champions"" is by a singer from the southern hemisphere' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Champions"" is by a singer from the southern hemisphere","{ entailment } ""Champions"" is by a singer from the eastern hemisphere" +" Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page. Webcomics reach large audiences and new what? ",Webcomics reach large audiences and new what?, readers +"Analyze the premise: 'Farmer's Market
Benton was spending his morning at the farmer's market. He browsed through fruits, veggies, and local craft. Benton enjoys supporting local business. He filled bags with fruit and vegetables. Benton considers this a fruitful trip.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Nothing Benton took home from the farmer's market is capable of rotting.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nothing Benton took home from the farmer's market is capable of rotting.,"{ neutral } Benton was said to fill bags with fruits and vegetables, which can rot. The implication was that he took these bags with him. So the statement that nothing he took home can rot is false. The system likely does not understand that produce can rot." +"From the information in: 'The Volkswagen Citi Golf was a car produced by Volkswagen in South Africa from 1984 until 21 August 2009. It was a face-lifted version of the original Volkswagen Golf Mk1 hatchback, which ceased production in Germany in 1983. The car was produced only with right-hand drive.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Volkdwagen Citi Golf, which was produced from 1984 until 2009 in South Africa was produced only with right-hand drive, as opposed to the original Volkswagen Golf Mk1 hatchback which had both right and left-hand drive.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Volkdwagen Citi Golf, which was produced from 1984 until 2009 in South Africa was produced only with right-hand drive, as opposed to the original Volkswagen Golf Mk1 hatchback which had both right and left-hand drive.","{ entailment } It doesn't say anything about right or left-hand drive on the original Mk1, but I said it had both. The system probably analyzed the other stuff I said much more than that statement." +" Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces. What date did the U.S. intervention in New Mexico end? ",What date did the U.S. intervention in New Mexico end?, 7 February 1917 +" In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation. What is the cephalic phase? ",What is the cephalic phase?, saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach +" FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed ""subversive"", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups; the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled ""New Left"", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement. The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party. What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time? ",What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time?, New Left +"From the information in: 'Nana Kwame Abrokwa (born 5 October 1968) is a Ghanaian born German rapper and DJ, performing under the pseudonyms Nana or Darkman / Nana. Nana is not an actual first name, but a Ghanaian title of nobility. His most important achievement came in the second half of the 1990s, when his style was characterized as ""euro-rap"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Nana Kwame Abrokwa fought in the civil war' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nana Kwame Abrokwa fought in the civil war,{ neutral } is a rapper +" In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists. In 2009 Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best ""Ultimate Party Town"", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island of Santorini was voted as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure. The neighbouring island of Mykonos was ranked as the 5th best island Europe. Thessaloniki was the European Youth Capital in 2014. What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of? ",What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of?, their lists +"Using the premise: 'This is a list of English and Welsh cricket leagues recognised and supported by the England and Wales Cricket Board as ECB Premier Leagues, and beneath the League titles are the cricket clubs that are in their top divisions in the 2008 English cricket season. These leagues and clubs are the top echelons of the amateur, recreational game of cricket in England and Wales.' , decide if the conclusion: 'ECB Premier Leagues appear beneath cricket clubs in this list of English and Welsh Cricket leagues' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",ECB Premier Leagues appear beneath cricket clubs in this list of English and Welsh Cricket leagues,{ entailment } Clubs appear beneath leagues. Not the other way around. +" The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the ""first"" and ""second"" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success. In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas? ","In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas?"," Asia, the Pacific and later Africa " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The New Orleans Regional Transit Authority (RTA or NORTA) is a public transportation agency based in New Orleans. Since 1983 it has operated bus and historic streetcar service throughout the city. With an annual ridership of over 18.6 million riders, the Regional Transit Authority is the largest public transit agency in the state of Louisiana.' . Does the hypothesis: 'bus and street car services became part of he New Orleans Regional Transit Authority (RTA or NORTA) offering in 1983 with a yearly turn over close to 19 million passengers' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",bus and street car services became part of he New Orleans Regional Transit Authority (RTA or NORTA) offering in 1983 with a yearly turn over close to 19 million passengers,{ contradiction } the statement states that their riders every yearis over 18.6 million +" In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named ""World's Most Beautiful Woman"" by People and the ""Hottest Female Singer of All Time"" by Complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its ""100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century"" list. VH1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list. Several wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in major cities around the world, including New York, Washington, D.C., Amsterdam, Bangkok, Hollywood and Sydney. Which month and year did GQ feature Beyonce on its cover? ",Which month and year did GQ feature Beyonce on its cover?, January 2013 +" Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat production rose to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013. The largest producers were the United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%). There are two distinct models of production; the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin. This model faces the increasing costs of implementing additional food safety requirements, welfare issues and environmental regulations. In contrast, the United States model turns the product into a commodity. What is the Europeon model of the poultry business ? ",What is the Europeon model of the poultry business ?, the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin +"Considering the context: 'PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti — Paul Collier, a leading poverty guru, spent a recent morning here waxing positive about how the world's economic freefall might prove the perfect moment for Haiti to sell more exports like T-shirts and mangoes to Americans. His improbable enthusiasm coincided with appearances by a bevy of luminaries descending on Haiti this month, including Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general, and the entire Security Council. All of them came to stress that this destitute nation stands at a crossroads between salvation and ""the darkness,"" as Mr. Ban put it.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Paul will always always understand poverty' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Paul will always always understand poverty,"{ contradiction } Just because Paul might understand things now doesn't mean he'll continue to know things in the future making this statement neither correct nor incorrect. The model caught Paul will always understand poverty, but it didn't catch Paul will always always understand poverty. The repeating of the word always must have thrown it off. This suggests that the model has problems with longer statements" +" Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught something similar to the Three marks of existence, the Five Aggregates, dependent origination, karma and rebirth, the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and nirvana. Some scholars disagree, and have proposed many other theories. Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what? ",Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what?, rebirth +" New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource. Game animals were introduced here by whom? ",Game animals were introduced here by whom?, acclimatisation societies +"Given the context: 'Ronald Ray ""Ron"" Cyrus (July 10, 1935 – February 28, 2006) was an American Democratic politician and public servant in Greenup County, Kentucky. He was the father of American country music singer/actor Billy Ray Cyrus and the paternal grandfather of Trace Cyrus, Miley Cyrus and Noah Cyrus.' , classify the statement: 'Ronald Ray ""Ron"" Cyrus was a politician with communistic beliefs' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Ronald Ray ""Ron"" Cyrus was a politician with communistic beliefs",{ contradiction } We do not know what his beliefs are +" To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy. With their higher flux density, electric machines with high-energy PMs are at least competitive with all optimally designed singly-fed synchronous and induction electric machines. Miniature motors resemble the structure in the illustration, except that they have at least three rotor poles (to ensure starting, regardless of rotor position) and their outer housing is a steel tube that magnetically links the exteriors of the curved field magnets. What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble? ",What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?, steel tube +"From the facts presented in 'Fred Dominelli is a Canadian businessman and municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He served as interim City Councillor in Toronto from May until November 2003. He is perhaps best known for speculatively purchasing land directly in the path of a proposed major roadway project in Toronto. The project was later cancelled.' , decide if the statement: 'Not all of Dominelli's projects have been successful.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Not all of Dominelli's projects have been successful.,{ neutral } It starts that one of his projects has been canceled +" Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony. Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence? ",Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?, Portuguese nationals +" Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main transcontinental route incorporating the former Great Northern main line across the state. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. How long have railroads been important since in Montana ",How long have railroads been important since in Montana, 1880s +"Examine the information in 'The personnel pose for a picture in front on the new school. PP17 is in the middle of a mission in Da Nang from May 8 to May 18. This is the 11th Pacific Partnership, and the 4th time Da Nang has been a host. After Da Nang, PP17 will visit the central province of Khanh Hoa.' Is the statement: 'PP17 has three P's' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",PP17 has three P's,{ entailment } two P's +"From the facts presented in '""The Delivery"" is a two-part episode of the sixth season of the U.S. comedy series ""The Office"". Since it is an hour-long episode, it is considered to be the 17th and 18th episodes in the season's episode count. It is the 117th and 118th episode overall.' , decide if the statement: 'The Office had an episode 100.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Office had an episode 100.,{ contradiction } Reason: 100 comes before 117/118. Why: Number never mentioned in original context +" The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console. The second controller lacked the START and SELECT buttons, but featured a small microphone. Relatively few games made use of this feature. The earliest produced Famicom units initially had square A and B buttons. This was changed to the circular designs because of the square buttons being caught in the controller casing when pressed down and glitches within the hardware causing the system to freeze occasionally while playing a game. What shape did the A and B buttons eventually become? ",What shape did the A and B buttons eventually become?, circular +"With the premise: 'The Portland Timbers are an American professional soccer club based in Portland, Oregon. The Timbers compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member club of the league's Western Conference.The Timbers play their home games at Providence Park since 2011 when the team began play as an expansion team in the league.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Portland Timbers were formed in America.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Portland Timbers were formed in America.,{ neutral } The team was definitely formed in America. I think the system couldn't confirm it for sure though. +" Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population. The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska today is usually 30–60¢ higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors. Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2001? ",Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2001?," low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population " +"From the information in: 'Leonard Simon Nimoy ( ; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the ""Star Trek"" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Leonard Nimoy was best known for his role of Spock, he first starred in that role in 1931' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Leonard Nimoy was best known for his role of Spock, he first starred in that role in 1931","{ neutral } He could not have starred in the role of Spock in 1931, that was the year he was born, star trek was filmed from 1964 on. the system probably just matched the dates without the context" +"Given the detailed context: 'Christelyn Karazin is an American writer, columnist, and blogger on the subject of interracial dating, particularly black women dating outside their race. She hosts the blog ""Beyond Black & White"" and has written for ""Woman's Day"", ""Ebony"", ""Jet"", and Reuters. Karazin attended Loyola Marymount University, where she wrote for ""The Los Angeles Loyolan"".', judge whether the statement: 'Christelyn Karazin has written for African American magazines.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Christelyn Karazin has written for African American magazines.,{ neutral } Ebony and Jet are African American magazines. +"Given the context: 'The 2007–08 UMass Minutemen basketball team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst during the 2007–08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Minutemen, led by third year head coach Travis Ford, played their home games at William D. Mullins Memorial Center and are members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 25-11, 10-6 in A-10 play to finish for third place.' , classify the statement: 'Travis Ford has been head coach of three different teams.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Travis Ford has been head coach of three different teams.,"{ entailment } It talks about him being head coach of the one team, but he may have been the coach of other teams as well. There is no way to know how many teams he has coached. " +" Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, Games Radar, GameSpy, Spacey Awards, X-Play and Nintendo Power. It was also given awards for Best Adventure Game from the Game Critics Awards, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailers, 1UP.com, and Nintendo Power. The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy. The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time. IGN ranked the game as the 4th-best Wii game. Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade. Where did Twilight Princess place among Wii titles according to IGN? ",Where did Twilight Princess place among Wii titles according to IGN?, 4th +"With the premise: 'Berry Picking
Sue went to a local farm to pick berries. When she got there they handed her a basket to fill. She went outside and headed over to the berry bushes. She happily picked a full basket of them. At the end of the day she realized the berries dyed her hands red.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Sue was picking a red fruit.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Sue was picking a red fruit.,{ neutral } she was picking berries +"Examine the premise: 'The Black Tom explosion on July 30, 1916, in Jersey City, New Jersey, was an act of sabotage by German agents to destroy American-made munitions that were to be supplied to the Allies in World War I. This incident, which happened prior to American entry into the war, is also notable for causing damage to the Statue of Liberty.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the explosion took place in jersey city and did not harm any of the surroundings outside of the city' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the explosion took place in jersey city and did not harm any of the surroundings outside of the city,"{ neutral } it clearly states that while it took place in jersey city, that damage was done to the Statue of Liberty, which is in New York, therefore it DID cause damage outside of the city" +"From the information in: 'Edward VIII shocked the world in 1936 when he gave up his throne to marry an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Edward VII shocked the world in 1936 when he gave up his throne.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Edward VII shocked the world in 1936 when he gave up his throne.,"{ entailment } Edward VIII shocked the world in 1936 when he gave up his throne, not Edward VII. The system was confused by the suffix." +" In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: ""Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense. Some relationship between government and religious organizations is inevitable,"" the court wrote. ""Judicial caveats against entanglement must recognize that the line of separation, far from being a ""wall,"" is a blurred, indistinct, and variable barrier depending on all the circumstances of a particular relationship."" What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman? ",What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman?, Pennsylvania +"Given the premise: 'Hoodlum is a 1997 American crime drama film that gives a fictionalized account of the gang war between the Italian/Jewish mafia alliance and the Black gangsters of Harlem that took place in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The film concentrated on Ellsworth ""Bumpy"" Johnson (Laurence Fishburne), Dutch Schultz (Tim Roth), and Lucky Luciano (Andy García).' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Hoodlum features several prominent actors such as Andy Garcia, Laurence Fishburne, Tim Roth and Brad Pitt' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Hoodlum features several prominent actors such as Andy Garcia, Laurence Fishburne, Tim Roth and Brad Pitt","{ neutral } Brad Pitt does not star in the movie Hoodlum, so my statement was incorrect" +"Given the context: 'Logo TV (often shorted to Logo) is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Viacom Media Networks. Launched in 2005, it was originally aimed primarily at LGBT viewers, but in 2012 it shifted its focus towards general cultural and lifestyle programming.' , classify the statement: 'In 2012 Logo TV changed ownership.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",In 2012 Logo TV changed ownership.,{ entailment } It was not said who owns the company in 2012. +"From the facts presented in 'Dufton is a village and civil parish in Cumbria, England. Historically part of Westmorland, it lies in the Eden Valley and below Great Dun Fell. It is mostly around 180m above sea level. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 169, increasing to 204 at the 2011 Census.' , decide if the statement: 'In 2002, Dufton parish in Cumbria, England had a population of exactly 175.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","In 2002, Dufton parish in Cumbria, England had a population of exactly 175.",{ contradiction } There is not enough data in the text to indicate whether this is definitely correct or definitely false - it could go either way. +"Analyze the premise: '""Girl of My Dreams"" is a song by Canadian pop rock band The Moffatts. It was released in January 1999 as the third single from their third album, """". The song was a hit in Canada, reaching number 19 on Canada's singles chart and peaked at number 4 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Adult Contemporary chart. It is unrelated to the 1979 song of the same name by British band Bram Tchaikovsky.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Canadian band The Moffatts continued their racking up the hits with ""Girl of My Dreams"" which was released in 1999 which started at 19 on the singles chart and peaked at number 4 on the Adult Contemporary Canadian chart.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Canadian band The Moffatts continued their racking up the hits with ""Girl of My Dreams"" which was released in 1999 which started at 19 on the singles chart and peaked at number 4 on the Adult Contemporary Canadian chart.",{ entailment } It's neither because it's not specificed if the moffatt's had other hits. It was difficult for the system I believe because it contained true information as well. +"Examine the premise: 'Many hopes are riding on the sale of Talisman's holdings in Palm Beach and Hendry counties, which Vice President Al Gore announced with much fanfare last year at the 50th anniversary of Everglades National Park.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Talisman's holdings in Palm Beach and Hendry counties will be sold at the 50th anniversary of Everglades National Park.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Talisman's holdings in Palm Beach and Hendry counties will be sold at the 50th anniversary of Everglades National Park.,"{ entailment } The 50th anniversary of Everglades National Park has already taken place last year, yet hopes are still riding on the sale so the events cant co-occur. " +" The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as ""Lucky Cloud"". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. What is the Olympic Torch made from? ",What is the Olympic Torch made from?, aluminum. +"Consider the premise in: 'The genocide of indigenous peoples is the mass destruction of entire communities or races of indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples are understood to be people whose historical and current territory has become occupied by colonial expansion, or the formation of a state by a dominant group such as a colonial power.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'the land of the indigenous people was stolen from a dominant group' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",the land of the indigenous people was stolen from a dominant group,{ neutral } it states that a dominant group of the state caused mass genocide in order to take the land and territories of indigenous peoples +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979 is a compilation album by David Bowie released in 1998 (see 1998 in music). It follows ""The Best of David Bowie 1969/1974"" (1997) and includes material released between 1974–1979. This album was also included as the second disc of the compilation ""The Platinum Collection"" (2005/2006).' , determine if the claim: 'The Best of David Bowie was released during the last decade of the 20th century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Best of David Bowie was released during the last decade of the 20th century.,{ neutral } The Best of David Bowie was released during the 20th century. +" By 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased, and he had lost so many effective officers and generals that a new offensive was perhaps impossible. British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute, and the Russian Emperor had been overthrown by his wife, Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war. Austria, however, like most participants, was facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army, something which greatly affected its offensive power. Indeed, after having effectively sustained a long war, its administration was in disarray. By that time, it still held Dresden, the southeastern parts of Saxony, the county of Glatz, and southern Silesia, but the prospect of victory was dim without Russian support. In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe. What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain? ",What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?, British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute +" Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators. In 2010 what were the estimates for the amount of videos with advertisements uploaded without the copywriter's consent? ",In 2010 what were the estimates for the amount of videos with advertisements uploaded without the copywriter's consent?, nearly a third +" Described as being ""sexy, seductive and provocative"" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego ""Sasha Fierce"" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being ""too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy"", stating, ""I'm not like her in real life at all."" Sasha was conceived during the making of ""Crazy in Love"", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month. Beyonce brought back Sasha Fierce during which event? ",Beyonce brought back Sasha Fierce during which event?, Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live +" Rachel Cain, co-founder of an influential Trax Records, was previously involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial and post-punk record store Wax Trax! Records as an important connection between the ever-changing underground sounds of Chicago. As most proto-house DJs were primarily stuck to playing their conventional ensemble of dance records, Frankie Knuckles and Ron Hardy, two influential pioneers of house music, were known for their out-of-bounds behavior. The former, credited as ""the Godfather of House,"" worked primarily with early disco music with a hint of new and different music (whether it was post-punk or post-disco) but still enjoying a variety of music, while the latter produced unconventional DIY mixtapes which he later played straight-on in the music club Muzic Box, boiling with raw energy. Marshall Jefferson, who would later appear with the Chicago house classic ""Move Your Body (The House-Music Anthem),"" (originally released on Chicago-based Trax Records) got involved in house music after hearing Ron Hardy's music in Muzic Box. what was the nickname of frankie knuckles? ",what was the nickname of frankie knuckles?," ""the Godfather of House,"" " +"Given the premise: 'Metal Gear Solid is an action-adventure stealth video game produced by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and released for the PlayStation in 1998. The game was directed, produced, and co-written by series creator Hideo Kojima, and serves as a sequel to the MSX2 video games ""Metal Gear"" and """", which Kojima also wrote and directed.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Metal Gear Solid is played on the Sony Play Station.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Metal Gear Solid is played on the Sony Play Station.,{ contradiction } The statement is definitely correct because the context clearly states the game was released for the Play Station in 1998. It is possible that the system had trouble because I included the word Sony in the context. +" First recognized in 1900 by Max Planck, it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy, E, of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation, and the frequency, f, of its associated electromagnetic wave. In 1905 the value E, the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator, was theoretically associated by Einstein with a ""quantum"" or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself. The light quantum behaved in some respects as an electrically neutral particle, as opposed to an electromagnetic wave. It was eventually called the photon. What is considered the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator? ",What is considered the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator?, value E +"With the given context: 'Rosetta Stone Language Learning is proprietary computer-assisted language learning (CALL) software published by Rosetta Stone Inc. The software uses images, text, and sound to teach words and grammar by spaced repetition, without translation. Rosetta Stone calls its approach Dynamic Immersion (a term which has been trademarked).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Rosetta Stone Language Learning is non-open-source' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Rosetta Stone Language Learning is non-open-source,{ contradiction } It is proprietary. Maybe it doesn't know what open-source is +"Consider the premise in: 'TWO men have been seriously injured in a car crash in Brisbane's east overnight. Police say the single-car crash occurred on Wright St at Carindale about 8.20pm. It's believed the accident occurred when the driver of the Subaru ute lost control over the car and it left the road, hitting a tree. A 27-year-old man was taken to the Princess Alexandra Hospital in a critical condition. A 28-year-old male passenger also suffered serious injuries. The Forensic Crash Unit are continuing to investigate the crash. If you have information for police, contact Policelink on 131 444.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The two men injured in the accident were in Australia.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The two men injured in the accident were in Australia.,"{ neutral } The accident occurred in Brisbane, a part of Australia." +"Analyze the premise: 'Mike Hoffman (born September 20, 1980) is an American former professional ice hockey player. After leaving the University of Connecticut in 2003, he began his first pro season playing with the Worcester IceCats in the AHL and the Peoria Rivermen of the ECHL. He signed a professional contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 2005, but he has never played in the National Hockey League.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Mike Hoffman played ice hockey in 1980' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mike Hoffman played ice hockey in 1980,{ neutral } Mike Hoffman was born in 1980 and could not have played ice hockey in that year. The bot does not know how old you have to be to ice skate +" Any living organism relies on an external source of energy—radiation from the Sun in the case of green plants, chemical energy in some form in the case of animals—to be able to grow and reproduce. The daily 1500–2000 Calories (6–8 MJ) recommended for a human adult are taken as a combination of oxygen and food molecules, the latter mostly carbohydrates and fats, of which glucose (C6H12O6) and stearin (C57H110O6) are convenient examples. The food molecules are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria How many daily calories are recommended for a human adult? ",How many daily calories are recommended for a human adult?, 1500–2000 +" In recognition of his senior position in the Allied command, on December 20, 1944, he was promoted to General of the Army, equivalent to the rank of Field Marshal in most European armies. In this and the previous high commands he held, Eisenhower showed his great talents for leadership and diplomacy. Although he had never seen action himself, he won the respect of front-line commanders. He interacted adeptly with allies such as Winston Churchill, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and General Charles de Gaulle. He had serious disagreements with Churchill and Montgomery over questions of strategy, but these rarely upset his relationships with them. He dealt with Soviet Marshal Zhukov, his Russian counterpart, and they became good friends. What rank was held by de Gaulle? ",What rank was held by de Gaulle?, General +"Given the detailed context: 'Roberto Javier Mora García (c. 1962 – 16 March 2004) was a Mexican journalist and editorial director of ""El Mañana"", a newspaper based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. He worked for a number of media outlets in Mexico, including the ""El Norte"" and ""El Diario de Monterrey"", prior to his assassination.', judge whether the statement: 'Roberto Javier Mora García was the editorial director for ""El Mañana"", a newspaper based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico in 2002.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Roberto Javier Mora García was the editorial director for ""El Mañana"", a newspaper based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico in 2002.","{ contradiction } Although we know that Garcia was alive at the time, we cannot determine if he was working on ""El Mañana"" in the year 2002 from the text. The computer recognized that the year was not listed in the original paragraph, and assumed it was incorrect." +" Some bird species undertake shorter migrations, travelling only as far as is required to avoid bad weather or obtain food. Irruptive species such as the boreal finches are one such group and can commonly be found at a location in one year and absent the next. This type of migration is normally associated with food availability. Species may also travel shorter distances over part of their range, with individuals from higher latitudes travelling into the existing range of conspecifics; others undertake partial migrations, where only a fraction of the population, usually females and subdominant males, migrates. Partial migration can form a large percentage of the migration behaviour of birds in some regions; in Australia, surveys found that 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerines were partially migratory. Altitudinal migration is a form of short distance migration in which birds spend the breeding season at higher altitudes elevations and move to lower ones during suboptimal conditions. It is most often triggered by temperature changes and usually occurs when the normal territories also become inhospitable due to lack of food. Some species may also be nomadic, holding no fixed territory and moving according to weather and food availability. Parrots as a family are overwhelmingly neither migratory nor sedentary but considered to either be dispersive, irruptive, nomadic or undertake small and irregular migrations. Which family of birds are neither migratory or sedentary but considered to be dispersive, irruptive or nomadic? ","Which family of birds are neither migratory or sedentary but considered to be dispersive, irruptive or nomadic?", Parrots +"From the information in: 'Belinda Jane Cordwell (born 21 September 1965) is a sports commentator and a former professional tennis player from New Zealand, who represented her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There she lost in the first round of the women's singles competition to Great Britain's Sara Gomer.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Cordwell competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics when in her 20s.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cordwell competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics when in her 20s.,{ neutral } Cordwell was born in 1965 so she was about 23 at the 1988 Summer Olympics; maybe the model doesn't understand being in your 20s. +" Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity. Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses? ",Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?, Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses +"Given the premise: 'Josh Bilicki (born June 3, 1995) is an American professional racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports and the Nos. 8 and 78 Camaros for B. J. McLeod Motorsports, and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 51 Chevrolet SS for Rick Ware Racing.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Josh Bilicki is around 24 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Josh Bilicki is around 24 years old.,"{ neutral } Josh Bilicki was born June 3, 1995. That makes him 24 years, one month, 27 days." +" The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity. As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece (e.g. Zeus, Poseidon and Hades) became major figures of the Olympian Pantheon of later antiquity. What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that are based on ancestral ties ? ",What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that are based on ancestral ties ? ," Zeus, Poseidon and Hades " +"Consider the premise in: 'Never Shout Never is an EP by Never Shout Never which was released on December 8, 2009. The physical release is sold exclusively at Hot Topic. The EP features two songs from his then upcoming Sire Records full-length debut, ""What is Love?"", one song that is a B-side from ""The Summer EP"" and one live track.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Never Shout Never was the only album released by Never Shout never in 2009.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Never Shout Never was the only album released by Never Shout never in 2009.,"{ contradiction } We really don't know if it was the only album released in 2009, since the band could've released another EP earlier in the year. I'm not sure how the algorithm figures out the neither correct/incorrect category and therefore I'm not sure what confused it here, but probably just that there's not much to go on." +" By the late Middle Ages university towns had grown in wealth and importance as well, and this was reflected in the buildings of some of Europe's ancient universities. Particularly remarkable examples still standing nowadays include the Collegio di Spagna in the University of Bologna, built during the 14th and 15th centuries; the Collegium Carolinum of the University of Prague in Bohemia; the Escuelas mayores of the University of Salamanca in Spain; the chapel of King's College, Cambridge; or the Collegium Maius of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. What is the name of the university building in Bologna, built in the 14th and 15th centuries? ","What is the name of the university building in Bologna, built in the 14th and 15th centuries?", the Collegio di Spagna +"From the facts presented in 'How to spider curl
Locate the right equipment. Typically you're going to need access to a gym if you want to do spider curls. Some gyms may have spider curl benches, but if yours does not, you can use a preacher curl bench.' , decide if the statement: 'It's easy to spider curl' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",It's easy to spider curl,{ contradiction } It's not stated if it's easy to spider curl +"Examine the premise: 'It was impossible to help laughing at the funny conflict between Laurie 's chivalrous reluctance to speak ill of womankind , and his very natural dislike of the unfeminine folly of which fashionable society showed him many samples .
Jo knew that ` young Laurence ' was regarded as a most eligible parti by worldly mamas , was much smiled upon by their daughters , and flattered enough by ladies of all ages to make a coxcomb of him , so she watched him rather jealously , fearing he would be spoiled , and rejoiced more than she confessed to find that he still believed in modest girls .' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Laurence was regarded as chivalrous' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Laurence was regarded as chivalrous,{ neutral } They laughed at his chivalry in not speaking ill of womankind +"From the facts presented in 'Soap Opera Digest is a weekly magazine covering American daytime soap operas. It features onscreen and offscreen news about the series, interviews with and articles about performers, storyline summaries and analysis, and related promotional information. Founded in 1975, the magazine has historically included certain prime time soap operas in its coverage as well.' , decide if the statement: 'Soap Opera Digest is out of print' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Soap Opera Digest is out of print,{ contradiction } not clear if magazine is still operational +" Currents induced into this winding provide the rotor magnetic field. The shape of the rotor bars determines the speed-torque characteristics. At low speeds, the current induced in the squirrel cage is nearly at line frequency and tends to be in the outer parts of the rotor cage. As the motor accelerates, the slip frequency becomes lower, and more current is in the interior of the winding. By shaping the bars to change the resistance of the winding portions in the interior and outer parts of the cage, effectively a variable resistance is inserted in the rotor circuit. However, the majority of such motors have uniform bars. Changing the shapes of the bars creates what? ",Changing the shapes of the bars creates what?, variable resistance +" Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy. Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy. The area's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country. Boston receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health of all cities in the United States. Students from around the world contribute how much a year to Bostons economy? ",Students from around the world contribute how much a year to Bostons economy?, $4.8 billion +" In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella (Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry), Duc de ximples i corrumputs (Duke of Fools and the Corrupt), Marquès de la bona mamella (Marquis of the lovely breast), Comte de tots els barruts (Count of the Insolent), Baró de les Calaverades (Baron of Nocturnal Debaucheries), and Senyor de l'alt Plàtan florit, dels barraquers i gamberrades i artista d'honor dalt del llit (Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed). Who is upon the bed? ",Who is upon the bed?, the Artist of Honor +"Given the context: 'In the last debate, my opponent said those lawsuits only caused the cost to go up by 1 percent. Well, he didn't include the defensive practice of medicine that costs the federal government some $28 billion a year and costs our society between $60 billion and $100 billion a year.' , classify the statement: 'the federal government has money' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the federal government has money,{ neutral } Saying that the federal government has costs to pay each year is an implication that the federal government has money because that is the only way to pay said costs. +" Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered? ",What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered?, Romanesque style +" Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter, and reach 50 °F (10 °C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in June to 62.0 °F (16.7 °C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936. On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year? ","On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year?", 17 +" In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director to oversee two consecutive Bond films since John Glen directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill in 1987 and 1989. Skyfall writer John Logan resumed his role of scriptwriter, collaborating with Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, who returned for their sixth Bond film.[N 4] The writer Jez Butterworth also worked on the script, alongside Mendes and Craig. Dennis Gassner returned as the film's production designer, while cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema took over from Roger Deakins. In July 2015 Mendes noted that the combined crew of Spectre numbered over one thousand, making it a larger production than Skyfall. Craig is listed as co-producer. Who served as production designer for Spectre? ",Who served as production designer for Spectre?, Dennis Gassner +" Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, Army ROTC, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing Arts Department. Renovations are still ongoing; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company, the University's on-campus food provider, completed during spring semester 2007, as well as the Family Learning Center, operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010. For what department does the north campus location of Washington University provide off-site storage? ",For what department does the north campus location of Washington University provide off-site storage? , Performing Arts Department +" Ann Arbor's ""Tree Town"" nickname stems from the dense forestation of its parks and residential areas. The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks. In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. The city contains 157 municipal parks ranging from small neighborhood green spots to large recreation areas. Several large city parks and a university park border sections of the Huron River. Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory. How big is the Matthaei botanical garden? ",How big is the Matthaei botanical garden?, 300 acres +" Popper died of ""complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure"" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent to the ORF Centre, where his wife Josefine Anna Popper (called ‘Hennie’) had already been buried. Popper's estate is managed by his secretary and personal assistant Melitta Mew and her husband Raymond. Popper's manuscripts went to the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, partly during his lifetime and partly as supplementary material after his death. Klagenfurt University possesses Popper's library, including his precious bibliophilia, as well as hard copies of the original Hoover material and microfilms of the supplementary material. The remaining parts of the estate were mostly transferred to The Karl Popper Charitable Trust. In October 2008 Klagenfurt University acquired the copyrights from the estate. Which cemetery in Vienna received Popper's ashes? ",Which cemetery in Vienna received Popper's ashes?, Lainzer +"Given the premise: 'Harry Spencer Davis (born 24 September 1991) is an English professional footballer, who plays as a defender for Scottish Championship side St Mirren. Davis previously played with Crewe Alexandra. Early in his career, he was loaned by Crewe to Nantwich Town, Stafford Rangers and Curzon Ashton.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Harry Spencer Davis was the most successful player outside of football' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Harry Spencer Davis was the most successful player outside of football,{ contradiction } We do not know what kinds of things Harry Spencer Davis does outside of football and how much money he makes. +" Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. What should Whitehead's students organically link due to his teaching methods? ",What should Whitehead's students organically link due to his teaching methods?," different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. " +" Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today. Alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was a later addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen. Where did Abbess Hildegard live? ",Where did Abbess Hildegard live?, Bingen +"Examine the information in 'Yakshagana ( Kannada : ""ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ"", Tulu : ""ಆಟ"") is a traditional theatre form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique style and form. This theatre style is mainly found in Tulunadu and some parts of Malenadu region's of Karnataka and Kerala.Yakshagana is traditionally presented from dusk to dawn.' Is the statement: 'Dialogue takes precedence over music in traditional Yakshagana theatre.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Dialogue takes precedence over music in traditional Yakshagana theatre.,{ contradiction } We have no idea what part of the art form takes precedence. +" Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed State v. Kleypas, the Kansas Supreme Court decision that declared the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional, to the United States Supreme Court. Nebraska's death penalty statute was rendered ineffective on February 8, 2008 when the required method, electrocution, was ruled unconstitutional by the Nebraska Supreme Court. In 2009, Nebraska enacted a bill that changed its method of execution to lethal injection. In what case did the Kansas Supreme Court rule that the death penalty is unconstitutional in Kansas? ",In what case did the Kansas Supreme Court rule that the death penalty is unconstitutional in Kansas?, State v. Kleypas +"Based on the details provided in: '""For Japanese yakuza, the most important thing is staying alive, and making money is second,"" the yakuza said.' , determine if the claim: 'Making money is important to Japanese yakuza.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Making money is important to Japanese yakuza.,{ contradiction } It said making money is the second most important thing to Japanese yakuza so it is obviously important if it is the second most important thing to them. +" Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the ""gramophone"", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder ""phonograph"" and Columbia's wax cylinder ""graphophone"". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm) in diameter, and were played with a small hand-propelled machine. Both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality. In the United States in 1894, under the Berliner Gramophone trademark, Berliner started marketing records with somewhat more substantial entertainment value, along with somewhat more substantial gramophones to play them. Berliner's records had poor sound quality compared to wax cylinders, but his manufacturing associate Eldridge R. Johnson eventually improved the sound quality. Abandoning Berliner's ""Gramophone"" trademark for legal reasons, in 1901 Johnson's and Berliner's separate companies reorganized to form the Victor Talking Machine Company, whose products would come to dominate the market for many years. Emile Berliner moved his company to Montreal in 1900. The factory which became RCA Victor stills exists. There is a dedicated museum in Montreal for Berliner. What was an issue found with Berliner's records initially? ",What was an issue found with Berliner's records initially? , poor sound quality +"Considering the context: 'Let me just tell you who the jury is. The people of Texas. There's only been one governor ever elected to back-to-back four-year terms, and that was me. And I was able to do so with a lot of Democrat votes, nearly 50% of the Hispanic vote, about 27% of the African-American vote, because people know I'm a conservative person and a compassionate person.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'More than half of the Hispanic vote went to the governor' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",More than half of the Hispanic vote went to the governor,"{ entailment } It was 'nearly' 50% of hispanic vote, not 'more than' 50%" +" On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US. This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. Beyoncé received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; The New York Times noted the album's unconventional, unexpected release as significant. Musically an electro-R&B album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as ""bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood"". The single ""Drunk in Love"", featuring Jay Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In April 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, Beyoncé and Jay Z officially announced their On the Run Tour. It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. On August 24, 2014, she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Knowles also took home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for ""Pretty Hurts"", as well as best collaboration for ""Drunk in Love"". In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. Beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition. Where did Beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise? ",Where did Beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise?, the iTunes Store +"From the information in: 'Angus Scott (16 August 1927 – 16 March 1990) was a British track and field athlete who competed in sprinting events. He represented Great Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was affiliated with the Achilles Club. He was part of the winning British 4×400 metres relay team at the 1950 European Athletics Championships.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Angus Scott (16 August 1927 – 16 March 1990) was a British long jump athlete who competed in sprinting events.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Angus Scott (16 August 1927 – 16 March 1990) was a British long jump athlete who competed in sprinting events.,{ neutral } I changed what the athlete did professionally. I think the system has a hard time figuring the difference between sports. +" Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet. What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian? ",What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?, the Lacinka alphabet +"Examine the premise: 'Richard Church Thompson (October 8, 1957 – July 27, 2016) was an American illustrator and cartoonist best known for his syndicated comic strip ""Cul de Sac"" and the illustrated poem ""Make the Pie Higher"". He was given the Reuben Award for Outstanding Cartoonist of the Year for 2010.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Richard Church Thompson won an award for his comic strip ""Cul de Sac.""' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Richard Church Thompson won an award for his comic strip ""Cul de Sac.""","{ entailment } My statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because the passage does not state whether or not Richard Church Thompson won anything for ""Cul de Sac.""" +"Examine the premise: 'Genevieve A. Phillip, 96, of Hardin, died at 5:20 p.m. Friday, Feb. 24, 2017, at the Calhoun Nursing and Rehab Center in Hardin. Funeral Mass will be at 10 a.m. Tuesday, Feb. 28, at St. Joseph Catholic Church in Meppen, followed by burial at St. Joseph Cemetery in Meppen. Elias, Kallal and Schaaf Funeral Home is handling arrangements.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Genevieve A. Phillips funeral was attendedby more than one person' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Genevieve A. Phillips funeral was attendedby more than one person,"{ entailment } Attendance never assumed, system assumes" +" Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena. Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects? ",Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects?, Weimar and Gotha +" Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild. What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with? ",What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?, agriculture +" More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals. In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language? ",In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?, 2007 +" Rome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on 770,000 men at the beginning of the Second Punic War, of which 700,000 were infantry and 70,000 met the requirements for cavalry. Rome's Italian allies would be organized in alae, or wings, roughly equal in manpower to the Roman legions, though with 900 cavalry instead of 300. What allowed Rome to source some of their military from other nearby areas? ",What allowed Rome to source some of their military from other nearby areas?, military confederation with the other peoples +" From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: ""I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much."" He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him ""hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain"", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy. What has current day research suggested that Chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses? ",What has current day research suggested that Chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses?, temporal lobe epilepsy +" 1855:Kars: In the year up to May 1855 Turkish forces in the east were reduced from 120,000 to 75,000, mostly by disease. The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies. He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with cavalry and starve them out. He started in May and by June was south and west of the town. A relieving force fell back and there was a possibility of taking Erzerum, but Muravyev chose not to. In late September he learned of the fall of Sevastopol and a Turkish landing at Batum. This led him to reverse policy and try a direct attack. It failed, the Russians losing 8000 men and the Turks 1500 (29 September). The blockade continued and Kars surrendered on 8 November. What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over? ",What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?, Erzerum +"Analyze the premise: 'Ben Marshall (born 8 June 1990) is a retired rugby union player from Ireland. He primarily played as a lock or in the back row. Marshall played for Irish provincial sides Leinster and Connacht in the Pro12, but was forced to retire in 2017 due to a concussion injury.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ben Marshall is rugby player by injury.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ben Marshall is rugby player by injury.,{ entailment } This statement is neither true or false because there is no evidence that shows Ben Marshall is a rugby player as a result of any injury. We don't really know why he is a rugby player. +"From the information in: 'Making the Team
Tanner loved playing baseball. He worked hard on his hitting abilities. Tanner wondered if he was good enough to make the highschool team. He attended tryouts. Tanner was the most excited boy in school when he made the team!' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Tanner made the team as a waterboy' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tanner made the team as a waterboy,{ contradiction } We don't know if he's a player or a waterboy so it's uncertain +" Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of ""home recordings"" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB). The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard. Who made the move to standardize recordings? ",Who made the move to standardize recordings?, National Association of Broadcasters +" While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons. What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork? ",What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork?, penciller +"Analyze the premise: 'Live from the Gaiety is a live album by The Dubliners. It was recorded during the Irish leg of their tour celebrating forty years on the road. The double album was recorded at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin in June 2002. All surviving members took part. A companion double DVD of the concert in its entirety was also released.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The Dubliners are comprised of four members.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Dubliners are comprised of four members.,{ entailment } The context does not state how many members are in the group. I think that the system had trouble because there were other numbers mentioned. +"Given the premise: 'Spinnerette is an alternative rock band formed in 2007. The band consists of Brody Dalle (the Distillers), Tony Bevilacqua (the Distillers), Jack Irons (What Is This?, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Walk the Moon, Eleven, Pearl Jam) and Alain Johannes (What Is This?, Walk the Moon, Eleven, Queens of the Stone Age, Them Crooked Vultures). The band has been inactive since 2010 and its future is uncertain.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Spinnerette is an alternative rock food formed in 2007' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Spinnerette is an alternative rock food formed in 2007,{ entailment } i changed it from rock band to rock food and system was shook +" Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis. Where does federal law begin? ",Where does federal law begin?, the Constitution +"Reflect on the information in: 'The 1991 Supercopa Sudamericana Finals were the finals of the fourth edition of the Supercopa Sudamericana football tournament. It was contested by Argentina club River Plate and Brazil club Cruzeiro . The first leg of the tie was played on November 13 at River Plate's home field, with the second leg played on November 20 at Cruzeiro's.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The 1991 Supercopa Sudamericana Finals were the final edition of the Supercopa Sudamericana football tournament.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The 1991 Supercopa Sudamericana Finals were the final edition of the Supercopa Sudamericana football tournament.,{ entailment } This is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because the context doesn't say whether or not there are more editions of the Supercopa Sudamericana football tournament. The system probably had difficulties with it because it assumes the latest tournament is the last and/or final one. +"With the premise: 'Forest Hill Vineyard (also referred to as Forest Hill Wines) is an Australian winery business based in the Great Southern wine region of Western Australia. Its vineyard is west of Mount Barker, and its winery and cellar door are further south, at Denmark.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Forest Hill Vineyard processes the crops it grows' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Forest Hill Vineyard processes the crops it grows,{ neutral } It makes wine out of the grapes it grows. I think the system had trouble because I used unusual phrasing +"Reflect on the information in: 'Julie Summers (born 1960) is an English author, historical consultant and writer, best known for the book ""Jambusters."" The book focuses on several women who were members of the Women's Institute during World War II and who were inspiration for the ITV series Home Fires. She is the granddaughter of Philip Toosey and the great niece of Sandy Irvine.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Julie Summers was brought into this world during the later years of the 1960's' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Julie Summers was brought into this world during the later years of the 1960's,"{ entailment } Julie Summers was born in the year 1960, not the later years of the 1960's. The model probably saw 1960 and assumed it was correct" +"Given the context: 'Vincent Edward ""Bo"" Jackson (born November 30, 1962) is a former baseball and American football player. He is one of the few athletes to be named an All-Star in two major sports, and the only one to do so in both baseball and football. He is widely considered one of the greatest athletes of all time.' , classify the statement: 'Vincent Edward ""Bo"" Jackson was born within the last 100 years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Vincent Edward ""Bo"" Jackson was born within the last 100 years.","{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because he was born in 1962, which is within the last 100 years. It's difficult because the system has trouble calculating and comparing years in this manner." +"Given the premise: 'Highly Illogical is an album which contains a collection of songs performed by ""Star Trek"" actor Leonard Nimoy. Most of the songs were originally recorded in the 1960s. The collection includes ""The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins"", which tells the story of J.R.R. Tolkien's book ""The Hobbit"", and has been immortalized by being included on various novelty compilations over the years.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Highly Illogical was released in the 1960s.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Highly Illogical was released in the 1960s.,{ contradiction } It is unknown when Highly Illogical was released based on the context statement. +"Using the premise: 'Lamarck Island is a rocky island 250 m long, lying 300 m east of Petrel Island and 300 m north-east of Rostand Island in the Géologie Archipelago, off the Adélie Coast of Antarctica. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named by them after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the French naturalist.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Lamarck Island is located closer to the north pole than the south pole.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Lamarck Island is located closer to the north pole than the south pole.,{ neutral } Lamarck Island is located near Antarctica which is definitely closer to the south pole than the north pole. The system likely got confused with the geography. +"Analyze the premise: 'I ask today whether the parliamentary secretary, on behalf of the minister, will confirm that this commitment would not only address the issues I have listed but would also ensure that equivalent safety facilities to those of other airports with the same capacity such as Ottawa and Winnipeg are available for Halifax International Airport.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ottawa has a sunny beach.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ottawa has a sunny beach.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know whether or not Ottawa has a sunny beach, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"From the facts presented in 'How to check the real bitrate of audio files
Understand the bit rate and its affection on the audio quality. Though audio quality depends on many elements such as frequency, compressing method, up-scaled, etc. , but for almost audio files downloaded on the internet, if the bit rate is high (~ 128 kbps or higher), then the sound will be clearer and "" more comfortable "" to hear.' , decide if the statement: 'The sound quality of something with 100 kbps will generally not be better than something with 200 kbps.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The sound quality of something with 100 kbps will generally not be better than something with 200 kbps.,"{ neutral } Reason: Context says ""if the bit rate is high...then the sound will be clearer and "" more comfortable "" to hear"" Why: AI on has the positive context to go off of." +" In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff. When did his mother die? ",When did his mother die?, 20 February 1939 +"Considering the context: '""The Everlasting"" is the second single to be lift from the Manic Street Preachers's fifth studio album ""This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours"". It was released on November 30, 1998, through Epic, it peaked on number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, breaking their run of consecutive top ten hits. All three members of the band - James Dean Bradfield, Sean Moore and Nicky Wire - share the writing credits.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'James Dean Bradfield met Sean Moore for the first time at school on November 1st, 1998.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","James Dean Bradfield met Sean Moore for the first time at school on November 1st, 1998.","{ neutral } The second single from the band's fifth studio album was released on November 30, 1998. The band members could not have met for the first time on November 1st of that year." +" The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of contracting after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army Chief of Staff Raymond Odierno has projected that by 2018 the Army will eventually shrink to ""450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve."" How many divisions are there in the U.S. Army? ",How many divisions are there in the U.S. Army?, 10 +" HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994. The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV southeast of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV. The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery. The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast. What does ATSC stand for? ",What does ATSC stand for?, Advanced Television Systems Committee +" Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 B in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include $417 M to retire debts, at least $350 M in capital expenditures and an additional $500 M for new capital investment. Vanguard has agreed to assume all debts and pension obligations. The metro area has many other hospitals including William Beaumont Hospital, St. Joseph's, and University of Michigan Medical Center. How much does Vanguard plan to spend in capital investment? ",How much does Vanguard plan to spend in capital investment?, $500 M +" Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself. Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress? ",Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?, a Resident Commissioner +" Cladistics is another method of classification. A clade is a taxonomic group of organisms consisting of a single common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. Every creature produced by sexual reproduction has two immediate lineages, one maternal and one paternal. Whereas Carl Linnaeus established a taxonomy of living organisms based on anatomical similarities and differences, cladistics seeks to establish a taxonomy—the phylogenetic tree—based on genetic similarities and differences and tracing the process of acquisition of multiple characteristics by single organisms. Some researchers have tried to clarify the idea of race by equating it to the biological idea of the clade. Often mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths. These single-locus sources of DNA do not recombine and are inherited from a single parent. Individuals from the various continental groups tend to be more similar to one another than to people from other continents, and tracing either mitochondrial DNA or non-recombinant Y-chromosome DNA explains how people in one place may be largely derived from people in some remote location. How many common ancestors does a clade have? ",How many common ancestors does a clade have?, single +" It would appear that living organisms are remarkably inefficient (in the physical sense) in their use of the energy they receive (chemical energy or radiation), and it is true that most real machines manage higher efficiencies. In growing organisms the energy that is converted to heat serves a vital purpose, as it allows the organism tissue to be highly ordered with regard to the molecules it is built from. The second law of thermodynamics states that energy (and matter) tends to become more evenly spread out across the universe: to concentrate energy (or matter) in one specific place, it is necessary to spread out a greater amount of energy (as heat) across the remainder of the universe (""the surroundings"").[note 3] Simpler organisms can achieve higher energy efficiencies than more complex ones, but the complex organisms can occupy ecological niches that are not available to their simpler brethren. The conversion of a portion of the chemical energy to heat at each step in a metabolic pathway is the physical reason behind the pyramid of biomass observed in ecology: to take just the first step in the food chain, of the estimated 124.7 Pg/a of carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis, 64.3 Pg/a (52%) are used for the metabolism of green plants, i.e. reconverted into carbon dioxide and heat. Complex organisms can occupy this, that are not available to their simpler brethern? ","Complex organisms can occupy this, that are not available to their simpler brethern?", ecological niches +" His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary ""mechanical man"" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a ""big prize"" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could ""speak"", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the ""lips"" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable ""Mama"" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention. In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton? ",In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton?, 1863 +" Barbershop music is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in barbershops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS). Today the BHS has over 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. The Barbershop Harmony Society provides a highly organized competition structure for a cappella quartets and choruses singing in the barbershop style. What did the a cappella organization founded in 1938 change its name to in 2004? ",What did the a cappella organization founded in 1938 change its name to in 2004?, Barbershop Harmony Society +"With the given context: 'High Bridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,994 at the 2010 census. High Bridge includes the Echo Lake community and the former Echo Lake CDP, which was superseded by the larger High Bridge CDP in 2010.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'High Bridge is even smaller in population than it was in 2010.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",High Bridge is even smaller in population than it was in 2010.,{ contradiction } This may be true but it may not. It does not tell us how many people are in a census that is more recent than 2010. +"Given the context: 'We walked up the road in lovely creamy yellow twilight and I was , oh , so happy .
`` Is n't it just like a novel ? ''
I said .
`` I am afraid , Elizabeth , '' said Dick preachily , `` that you read too many novels , and not the right kind , either .
Some of these days I am going to ask you to promise me that you will read no more books except those your mother and I pick out for you . ''' , classify the statement: 'he might limit her access to certain books in the future because he dislikes them' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",he might limit her access to certain books in the future because he dislikes them,{ neutral } The statement is a simplified paraphrase of one of the above statements. The model was probably confused by the vague wording +"From the information in: 'We Were Soldiers is a 2002 American war film that dramatizes the Battle of Ia Drang on November 14, 1965. The film was directed by Randall Wallace and stars Mel Gibson. It is based on the book ""We Were Soldiers Once… And Young"" (1992) by Lieutenant General (Ret.) Hal Moore and reporter Joseph L. Galloway, both of whom were at the battle.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Mel Gibson wrote ""We Were Soldiers Once... And Young""' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Mel Gibson wrote ""We Were Soldiers Once... And Young""","{ entailment } I know my statement was incorrect because the statement says the book was written by Lieutenant General Hal Moore and Joseph L. Galloway, not Mel Gibson. I think it was difficult for the system because it saw Mel Gibson's name written close to the book title." +"From the facts presented in 'History will no doubt properly credit him and his government for their courage and foresight, initiatives such as the free trade agreement with the United States and NAFTA, abolishing the 13.5-per-cent manufacturers sales tax and introducing the 7-per-cent GST consumption tax to spur exports.' , decide if the statement: 'He abolished the manufacturer's sales tax and GST consumption tax.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",He abolished the manufacturer's sales tax and GST consumption tax.,"{ entailment } Actually, he & his govt. abolished the 13.5-per-cent manufacturers sales tax and INTRODUCED the 7-per-cent GST consumption tax. The partially correct statement fooled the model." +"Consider the premise in: 'Benny Bell (born Benjamin Samberg or Benjamin Zamberg, March 21, 1906 – July 6, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter who reached popularity in the 1940s, with a comeback in the 1970s. He is particularly remembered for his risqué but cheerfully optimistic songs.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Benny Bell did not always write his own songs.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Benny Bell did not always write his own songs.,{ entailment } The information says he was a singer songwriter but it does not specify he wrote all songs he performed. +"From the facts presented in '""Down and Out in New York City"" is a song written by Bodie Chandler and Barry De Vorzon and recorded by James Brown. It appears in the film ""Black Caesar"" and is included on the film's soundtrack album. It was released as a single in 1973 and charted #13 R&B and #50 Pop. The song was co-arranged by Fred Wesley. The song was sampled by the rapper Prodigy on the album Return of the Mac.' , decide if the statement: 'Down and Out in New York City is sung' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Down and Out in New York City is sung,{ neutral } it is a song +"Examine the premise: 'Collapse
An air conditioner fell in the office. Several objects started to fall afterwards. Everyone had to evacuate the building after an announcement. The office was relocated since the building was deteriorating. We didn't return into next year.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The fact that the building was deteriorating was an unknown quantity.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The fact that the building was deteriorating was an unknown quantity.,{ contradiction } It isn't stated whether or not the deterioration was known. +"From the information in: 'Gibbs also said that Obama planned to meet with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, but poor weather in Baghdad means that Obama will likely talk to the prime minister and Iraqi President Jalal Talibani by telephone. American troops are slated to leave Iraq by August 2010, with The New York Times reporting that troop levels will continue to be high until Iraq's federal elections in December. Obama told a group of university students in Turkey that despite his original opposition to the war in 2003, he realized that the troop withdrawal must be done carefully.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Poor weather canceled his trip to Iraq.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Poor weather canceled his trip to Iraq.,{ neutral } They spoke on the phone instead. +"Given the detailed context: 'John Jewell Penstone (1817–1902) was a portrait and genre artist who worked with paint, but is known mainly for his engravings, and has been associated with the Pre-Raphaelite movement. The National Portrait Gallery has two of his stipple engraving, and a lithograph (printed by Nosworthy & Wells).', judge whether the statement: 'Most people would associate John Penstone with engraving.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Most people would associate John Penstone with engraving.,"{ neutral } My statement is correct because the context says that he is mainly known for his engraving, but the computer predicts ""neither"" because it does not associate the words ""mainly known"" and ""most people would associate""." +"With the premise: 'Westfield Group was an Australian shopping centre company that existed from 1960 to 2014, when it split into two independent companies: Scentre Group, which now owns and operates the Australian and New Zealand Westfield shopping centre portfolio; and Westfield Corporation which owns and operates the UK, Europe and US portfolio.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Westfield Group started in 1961-2014.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Westfield Group started in 1961-2014.,{ entailment } It started in 1960 +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to transfer songs from an ipod onto a computer
Connect the ipod to computer transfer it normally gets synced to. In itunes, under devices (in the source pane), select your ipod. Under the ipod's summary, select enable disk use.' . Does the hypothesis: 'This method requires an internet connection.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",This method requires an internet connection.,{ neutral } Reason: It does not require a connection. Why: No internet connection is mentioned. +"Given the detailed context: 'The 337 Squadron (Norwegian: ""337-skvadronen"" ) is a maritime helicopter unit of the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF). Based at Bardufoss Air Station, the squadron operates eight NHIndustries NH90. The helicopters are used by the Norwegian Coast Guard and serve on the ""Nordkapp""-class, the ""Barentshav""-class and on NoCGV ""Svalbard"".', judge whether the statement: 'The 337 squadron is from a country next to Finland.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 337 squadron is from a country next to Finland.,{ neutral } this is true of norway +"Reflect on the information in: 'Fox Atomic Comics was formed in late 2006 as the graphic novel publishing arm of Fox Atomic. In partnership with publisher (and corporate sibling) HarperCollins, Fox Atomic Comics produced and distributed graphic novels tied to Fox Atomic theatrical releases as well as original content. It closed, along with Fox Atomic, in 2009.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Twenty years before it closed, Fox Atomic Comics was highly influential.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Twenty years before it closed, Fox Atomic Comics was highly influential.","{ neutral } This statement is definitely incorrect, because if Fox Atomic Comics closed in 2009, and was formed in 2006, it did not exist twenty years before 2009, and thus could also not have been highly influential." +"Reflect on the information in: '""Hold Me Tight"" is a rock and roll song by English rock group the Beatles from their 1963 album ""With the Beatles"". It was first recorded during the ""Please Please Me"" album session, but not selected for inclusion and re-recorded for their second album.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The album ""With the Beatles"" was released more than 1963 hours ago.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","The album ""With the Beatles"" was released more than 1963 hours ago.","{ contradiction } 1963 hours is less than 82 days and it was released many years ago. It's difficult because 1963 is contained within the text, but refers to a year and not a number of hours." +"Considering the context: 'James Michael Pouncey (born July 24, 1989) is an American football center for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Florida, was a member of a BCS National Championship team, and earned All-American honors. He was drafted by the Dolphins in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Pouncey was born the the month before July 1989.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Pouncey was born the the month before July 1989.,{ entailment } Pouncey was born in July 1989. +" Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copying of media files off of an iPod. What method of file recovery is used to retrieve data from the iPod? ",What method of file recovery is used to retrieve data from the iPod?, manual +" In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. The Iroquois philosophy in particular gave much to Christian thought of the time and in many cases actually inspired some of the institutions adopted in the United States: for example, Benjamin Franklin was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy, and much of early American literature emphasized the political philosophy of the natives. Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time? ",Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time?, The Iroquois philosophy +" Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denote corresponding sounds in other languages. The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words. The háček (ˇ) is used with certain letters to form new characters: š, ž, and č, as well as ň, ě, ř, ť, and ď (the latter five uncommon outside Czech). The last two letters are sometimes written with a comma above (ʼ, an abbreviated háček) because of their height. The character ó exists only in loanwords and onomatopoeia. What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages? ",What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages?, Czech +" PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including The Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement. Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.? ","Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?", $306 +" The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for ""Nazarene"", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning ""Christian"", derived from tars, meaning ""fear, respect"". What is the most common Persian word for Christian? ",What is the most common Persian word for Christian?, Masīhī +"Using the premise: 'Whole new Person
After Ben turned in his exam, he was furious. He didn't do well although he studied a week in advance. When his sister tried talking to him, he didn't say anything. She asked him if he was okay. He continued to be quiet and walked away.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Ben studied in a very efficient and through manner' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Ben studied in a very efficient and through manner,"{ contradiction } We do not know how Ben studied, only that he did." +"Consider the premise in: 'Pastrnak scored both Boston goals in a 3-2 overtime loss to Philadelphia on Thursday night. Pasta is on a three-game, six-point run (three goals, three assists) and has 61 points, including 30 goals, in 51 games. Pastrnak sits in a three-way tie with Brayden Point and John Tavares for third in the NHL in goals. And he's top-10 in points overall. Pastrnak is also tied with the great Nikita Kucherov for the league-lead in power-play points (29). His fantasy value is elite. Make sure he's in your lineup for every scoring period.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Pastrnak scored both Boston goals in a 3-2 overtime loss to Philadelphia on Thursday morning and night.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Pastrnak scored both Boston goals in a 3-2 overtime loss to Philadelphia on Thursday morning and night.,{ neutral } It was just night. This did not happen in the morning which make it incorrect. +" In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, ""Nuclear"". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for ""Love on Top"". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, ""God Made You Beautiful"". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album. What is the name of Beyoncé's documentary film? ",What is the name of Beyoncé's documentary film?, Life Is But a Dream +" Energy transformations in the universe over time are characterized by various kinds of potential energy that has been available since the Big Bang later being ""released"" (transformed to more active types of energy such as kinetic or radiant energy) when a triggering mechanism is available. Familiar examples of such processes include nuclear decay, in which energy is released that was originally ""stored"" in heavy isotopes (such as uranium and thorium), by nucleosynthesis, a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy released from the gravitational collapse of supernovae, to store energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth. This energy is triggered and released in nuclear fission bombs or in civil nuclear power generation. Similarly, in the case of a chemical explosion, chemical potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy and thermal energy in a very short time. Yet another example is that of a pendulum. At its highest points the kinetic energy is zero and the gravitational potential energy is at maximum. At its lowest point the kinetic energy is at maximum and is equal to the decrease of potential energy. If one (unrealistically) assumes that there is no friction or other losses, the conversion of energy between these processes would be perfect, and the pendulum would continue swinging forever. What is a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth? ",What is a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth?, nucleosynthesis +"Based on the details provided in: 'Miffy's Adventures Big and Small (Dutch: ""Nijntjes avonturen groot en klein"" ) is a Dutch-British CGI-animated television series, based on the ""Miffy"" book series by Dutch artist Dick Bruna. It is a continuation of the ""Miffy and Friends"" series, which aired from 2003 until 2007. The show airs on KRO in the Netherlands.' , determine if the claim: 'Miffy's Adventures Big and Small is made using csi' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Miffy's Adventures Big and Small is made using csi,{ entailment } uses cgi +" The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the most commonly used transistor in the 1960s and 70s. Even after MOSFETs became widely available, the BJT remained the transistor of choice for many analog circuits such as amplifiers because of their greater linearity and ease of manufacture. In integrated circuits, the desirable properties of MOSFETs allowed them to capture nearly all market share for digital circuits. Discrete MOSFETs can be applied in transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers. What are some applications of discrete MOSFETs? ",What are some applications of discrete MOSFETs?," transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers " +"With the given context: 'Kuch... Diiil Se is a Hindi language Indian television talk show series hosted by Smriti Irani, which premiered on SAB TV on June 23, 2003. The series is a discussion based show which primarily focuses on social issues where lawyers, cops, psychiatrists, doctors, social workers and celebrities answer viewer queries.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Kuch... Diiil Se has to feature people of social renown' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Kuch... Diiil Se has to feature people of social renown,"{ entailment } The show says to have social workers, which we can't know if they are famous in society." +"Given the detailed context: 'The Dixie-Narco EP is an EP by the British band Primal Scream, released in February 1992 on Creation Records. Recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis, this is the only official Primal Scream release to contain the song ""Screamadelica"", which was not used on their ""Screamadelica"" album (""Movin' on Up"" appears on ""Screamadelica"").', judge whether the statement: 'The ""Screamadelica"" album was released before the Dixie-Narco EP.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The ""Screamadelica"" album was released before the Dixie-Narco EP.",{ entailment } We don't know when that album was released. +"With the given context: 'Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre are murders that occurred on August 10, 2012 at the Forward Operating Base Delhi within Garmsir village, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. A young man, who had been allowed to live on the base, killed three unarmed US Marines and one marine was also severely injured.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The killer of the US Marines was not a US Marine, himself.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","The killer of the US Marines was not a US Marine, himself.",{ neutral } The statement that a man had been allowed to live there indicates that he was not a US Marine. +" Nowadays, France only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education. What is the official language of France? ",What is the official language of France?, French +" Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek instead of the western Latin. Theological and political differences emerged, and by the early and middle 8th century issues such as iconoclasm, clerical marriage, and state control of the church had widened to the extent that the cultural and religious differences were greater than the similarities. The formal break came in 1054, when the papacy and the patriarchy of Constantinople clashed over papal supremacy and excommunicated each other, which led to the division of Christianity into two churches—the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church and the eastern branch the Orthodox Church. Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split? ",Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split?, papal supremacy +" ""At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: ""I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, ut omnes unum sint.""[c] Van Lierde then anointed his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, Van Lierde forgot the right order of anointing. John XXIII gently helped him before bidding those present a last farewell. Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII? ",Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?, Petrus Canisius Van Lierde +" European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook's ships, HMS Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about 120 km (75 mi) of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in January 1773. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals. According to various organizations (the National Science Foundation, NASA, the University of California, San Diego, and other sources), ships captained by three men sighted Antarctica or its ice shelf in 1820: von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Imperial Russian Navy), Edward Bransfield (a captain in the Royal Navy), and Nathaniel Palmer (a sealer out of Stonington, Connecticut). The expedition led by von Bellingshausen and Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached a point within 32 km (20 mi) from Queen Maud's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at 69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W / 69.35778°S 2.24722°W / -69.35778; -2.24722, which became known as the Fimbul ice shelf. This happened three days before Bransfield sighted land, and ten months before Palmer did so in November 1820. The first documented landing on Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis, apparently at Hughes Bay, near Cape Charles, in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821, although some historians dispute this claim. The first recorded and confirmed landing was at Cape Adair in 1895. How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica? ",How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica?, 32 km +"Given the context: 'Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 262,391, and the 2016 population estimate was 286,186. Its county seat and largest town is Lexington. The county was created in 1785. Its name commemorates the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War.' , classify the statement: 'Lexington County is underpopulated' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Lexington County is underpopulated,{ contradiction } Lexington County has multiple founders +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Agatha Christie Award (アガサ・クリスティー賞 ) is a Japanese literary award established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie's birth. The award is presented by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation in association with the Agatha Christie Society, which is chaired by Mathew Pritchard, the grandson of Agatha Christie.' , determine if the claim: 'Mathew Pritchard won the Agatha Christie Award.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mathew Pritchard won the Agatha Christie Award.,"{ entailment } Pritchard could have won the award, but it is not specified. He also could not have won the award. The system mistook his association with the award for having won it. " +"Using the premise: 'Smith (suspension) was released by the Raiders on Monday Per NFL.com's Ian Rapoport, Smith is a suspect in an alleged domestic violence incident that took place over the weekend. Smith hasn't played in a game since 2015 due to repeat violations of the NFL's substance-abuse policy.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Ian Rapoport Smith is a suspect in an alleged domestic violence incident that took place over the weekend.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Ian Rapoport Smith is a suspect in an alleged domestic violence incident that took place over the weekend.,{ entailment } Smith is the suspect; the sentence construction and proximity of names fooled the model. +" Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its 667-acre campus in southeast Houston. The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston. Located in the historic community of Third Ward is Texas Southern University, one of the largest historically black colleges and universities in the United States. How many students does the University of Houston have? ",How many students does the University of Houston have?," 40,000 " +"Given the context: 'The 2014 South Dakota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota, concurrently with the election of South Dakota's Class II U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.' , classify the statement: 'The 2014 Sd election did not take place on November 5th.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The 2014 Sd election did not take place on November 5th.,"{ contradiction } IF the election took place on the 4th, then it did not take place on the 5th. I used the wrong date which fooled the system." +" Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788. Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? ",Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?, Thomas Jefferson +" Baptists are individuals who comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity. What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers? ",What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers?, Baptists +" In general, Tucson and Pima County support the Democratic Party, as opposed the state's largest metropolitan area, Phoenix, which usually supports the Republican Party. Congressional redistricting in 2013, following the publication of the 2010 Census, divided the Tucson area into three Federal Congressional districts (the first, second and third of Arizona). The city center is in the 3rd District, represented by Raul Grijalva, a Democrat, since 2003, while the more affluent residential areas to the south and east are in the 2nd District, represented by Republican Martha McSally since 2015, and the exurbs north and west between Tucson and Phoenix in the 3rd District are represented by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick since 2008. The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Tucson. The Tucson Main Post Office is located at 1501 South Cherrybell Stravenue. Who represents Tucson's city center in Congress? ",Who represents Tucson's city center in Congress?, Raul Grijalva +" From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, ""We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons."" The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): ""We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics."" The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: ""Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking"" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting. What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons? ",What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?, Corpus Juris Canonici +"From the information in: 'Jeffrey Wincott (born May 8, 1956) is a Canadian actor and martial artist best known for his Gemini Award-nominated lead role in the television series ""Night Heat."" Wincott currently lives and works in the United States, and has had numerous roles in film, television, and theatre. He is the older brother of actor Michael Wincott.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Jeffrey Wincott was born in 1956 during the eight month.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jeffrey Wincott was born in 1956 during the eight month.,{ entailment } He was born the 8th day in May. May is the 5th month. +"With the premise: 'Sulejman Vokshi (1815 - 1890) was an Albanian military commander and leader of the League of Prizren. A member of the central committee of the league as head of the finances commission, Vokshi also was an important leader of the organization's military branch and an officer of its military staff.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Sulejman Vokshi fought for Albania in World War 1.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Sulejman Vokshi fought for Albania in World War 1.,{ neutral } He died before World War 1 happened. The system did not know when this war occurred. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine was a Saturday morning variety show featuring players from the basketball team the Harlem Globetrotters singing, dancing, and performing comedy sketches. Broadcast in 1974, it was produced by Funhouse Productions for Viacom Productions.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine was broadcast less than 100 years ago' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine was broadcast less than 100 years ago,{ contradiction } While the AI is very confident in more than questions it seems to have struggled to quantify less than. +"Examine the information in 'The Rock ‘n’ Roll Mardi Gras Marathon is an annual international marathon race which takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the United States. It is part of the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series of road running competitions and it also features the Rock ‘n’ Roll Mardi Gras Half Marathon.' Is the statement: 'The marathon occurs once every 12 months.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The marathon occurs once every 12 months.,"{ contradiction } The marathon is annual, once every 12 months." +" The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conducts ""bilateral relationships"" with the countries of the ""Mediterranean – Middle East Region"" but has formulated no Near East Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East. Its regions include the Middle East, the Balkans and others. What does the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conduct? ",What does the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conduct?," ""bilateral relationships"" " +"Examine the premise: 'Interstate 29 (I-29) is an Interstate Highway in the Midwestern United States. I-29 runs from Kansas City, Missouri, at a junction with Interstate 35 and Interstate 70, to the Canada–US border near Pembina, North Dakota, where it connects with Manitoba Highway 75.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'I29 primarily runs north/south' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",I29 primarily runs north/south,"{ neutral } Interstate numbers are assigned odd numbers when they run N/S, and even numbers when they run E/W. I29 is odd, therefore it must run primarily N/S" +" Beyoncé's vocal range spans four octaves. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as ""one of the most compelling instruments in popular music"". While another critic says she is a ""Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key. Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. The Daily Mail calls Beyoncé's voice ""versatile"", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop. Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is ""velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting"". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto. Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post saying she was ""capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars."" What do other critics claim? ",What do other critics claim?, praise her range and power +" Later, von Neumann suggested a new method of linear programming, using the homogeneous linear system of Gordan (1873), which was later popularized by Karmarkar's algorithm. Von Neumann's method used a pivoting algorithm between simplices, with the pivoting decision determined by a nonnegative least squares subproblem with a convexity constraint (projecting the zero-vector onto the convex hull of the active simplex). Von Neumann's algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming. What was von Neumann's method known to be the first of? ",What was von Neumann's method known to be the first of?, algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming. +"From the information in: 'Super Caesars Palace is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System casino video game centered on Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the follow-up to Virgin's previous ""Caesars Palace"" game. ""Super Caesars Palace"" was also released for the Sega Genesis as simply Caesars Palace. The Japanese version of the game was followed by a sequel, ""Super Casino 2"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Virgin only made this game' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Virgin only made this game,{ neutral } there was another Ceaser's palace game made by virgin +"Using the premise: 'Walls (stylized as WALLS) is the seventh studio album by American rock band Kings of Leon. It was released on October 14, 2016, by RCA Records. The album title is an acronym for ""We Are Like Love Songs"", which continues the band's unwritten rule of having five-syllable album titles.' , decide if the conclusion: 'WALLS stands for ""We Age Like Love Songs""' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","WALLS stands for ""We Age Like Love Songs""","{ entailment } I changed the meaning of the acronym by changing one word. Instead of ""We Are Like Love Songs"" it is ""We Age Like Love Songs""." +"Based on the details provided in: 'In the Senate we passed the right of Americans to import drugs from Canada. But the president and his friends took it out in the House, and now you don't have that right. The president blocked you from the right to have less expensive drugs from Canada.' , determine if the claim: 'Drugs are more expensive in Canada.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Drugs are more expensive in Canada.,"{ entailment } The president blocked you from the right to have less expensive drugs from Canada, so they are less - not more - expensive. Maybe the model thinks they are more expensive because the legislation failed??" +"Analyze the premise: 'Parks Canada announced that surf conditions in P.E.I. National Park are currently considered dangerous and visitors are asked not to enter the water, according to a news release. ""Rip currents may be formed along the shores due to high winds and resulting surf conditions,"" reads the release. ""To ensure visitor safety, entering the water is not recommended in these conditions and visitors are asked to follow surf guard instructions.""' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Parks Canada allows people to surf on the local Lake Superior.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Parks Canada allows people to surf on the local Lake Superior.,{ neutral } lake superior is located somewhere else +"From the facts presented in 'Winning Team John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash and Reinhard Selten were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics. The three professors were singled out for their unique contributions to game theory, derived from studies of games such as poker or chess, in which players have to think ahead and devise a strategy based on expected countermoves from opponents.' , decide if the statement: 'Winning Team is really good at Hungry Hungry Hippo.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Winning Team is really good at Hungry Hungry Hippo.,{ contradiction } It is unclear if Winning Team is good Hungry Hungry Hippo. The system was confused by the context. +" Dreyfus writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434, several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th Dalai Lama's effective hegemony over Tibet. What year did the 5th Dalai lama start to dominate over Tibet? ",What year did the 5th Dalai lama start to dominate over Tibet?, 1642 +" In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words. +E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words. +E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'. When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word? ","When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word?", homes +"From the information in: 'Joan's on Third is a specialty food marketplace and restaurant located on Third Street in Los Angeles, California. Joan's is situated in an area popular with Angelenos for its eating and shopping establishments, located between the Beverly Center on La Cienega Boulevard and Farmer's Market at the Grove on Fairfax Avenue.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '""Joan's on Third"" is popular with Angelenos for its live entertainment.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Joan's on Third"" is popular with Angelenos for its live entertainment.","{ contradiction } It does not state whether any live entertainment occurs at ""Joan's on Third"", so we cannot say whether this is correct or not." +" In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration. When was the Domus Aurea constructed? ",When was the Domus Aurea constructed?, 64 AD +" In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been ""late to the party"" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a ""digital hub"" that linked and enabled an ""emerging digital lifestyle"". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial ""Rip, Mix, Burn"" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals. What is the name of one of Apple's unsuccessful products? ",What is the name of one of Apple's unsuccessful products?, Power Mac G4 Cube +" On December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter. However, after the original AFL filed for bankruptcy, this arrangement did not carry over to the new AFL, which is a separate legal entity. What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI? ",What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI?, ABC +"From the facts presented in 'The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company (defunct) was an American opera company located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that was actively performing at the Academy of Music between 1925 and 1954. In 1955 the company merged with the Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company to form the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company.' , decide if the statement: 'The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company actively performed at the Academy of Music for 40 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company actively performed at the Academy of Music for 40 years.,{ entailment } The Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company actively performed at the Academy of Music for 29 years. The system could not determine length of time. +"Examine the information in 'Kumasi International Airport (IATA: KMS, ICAO: DGSI) is an international airport in Ghana serving Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti Region. It is the busiest airport on the Ashantiland Peninsula. Kumasi International Airport is located 6 kilometres (4 mi) from Kumasi.' Is the statement: 'people board airplanes four miles from kumasi' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",people board airplanes four miles from kumasi,{ neutral } the airport is located 4 miles away from kumasi +"With the given context: 'In this video, Irish comedian Andrew Maxwell visits the English capital to try and smooth things over and make preparations for the last few games. Watch as he immerses himself in English culture; from partaking in favourite pastimes, admiring the spectacular wildlife of London streets and sampling the nation's favourite dish. Find out more about Whyte & Mackay' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Wildlife of London streets really refers to wild culture.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Wildlife of London streets really refers to wild culture.,"{ contradiction } It's unclear whether ""spectacular wildlife of London streets"" is meant literally, but the model seems to think it is." +" As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc. How many students moved from Africa to Russia? ",How many students moved from Africa to Russia?," about 400,000 " +"With the given context: 'King of the Corner is a 2004 film featured at the Newport Film Festival. It stars Peter Riegert and Isabella Rossellini, and includes Eric Bogosian, Eli Wallach, Beverly D'Angelo and Rita Moreno. It was released in 2004. Peter Riegert also co-wrote and directed the film.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'King of the Corner was successfully adapted for television in 2009.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",King of the Corner was successfully adapted for television in 2009.,{ contradiction } The statement only mentioned the film. +" Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas. Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey. How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate? ",How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?," 11,000 km " +" On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies. The width and height of the bars may be adjusted. In the past, the uneven parallel bars were closer together. They've been moved increasingly further apart, allowing gymnasts to perform swinging, circling, transitional, and release moves, that may pass over, under, and between the two bars. At the Elite level, movements must pass through the handstand. Gymnasts often mount the Uneven Bars using a springboard, or a small mat. Chalk and grips (a leather strip with holes for fingers to protect hands and improve performance) may be used while doing this event. The chalk helps take the moisture out of gymnast's hands to decrease friction and prevent rips (tears to the skin of the hands), dowel grips help gymnasts grip the bar. What are these bars made out of? ",What are these bars made out of?, fiberglass covered in wood laminate +" During regular, day-to-day activities, Somali women usually wear the guntiino, a long stretch of cloth tied over the shoulder and draped around the waist. It is usually made out of alandi, which is a textile common in the Horn region and some parts of North Africa. The garment can be worn in different styles. It can also be made with other fabrics, including white cloth with gold borders. For more formal settings, such as at weddings or religious celebrations like Eid, women wear the dirac. It is a long, light, diaphanous voile dress made of silk, chiffon, taffeta or saree fabric. The gown is worn over a full-length half-slip and a brassiere. Known as the gorgorad, the underskirt is made out of silk and serves as a key part of the overall outfit. The dirac is usually sparkly and very colorful, the most popular styles being those with gilded borders or threads. The fabric is typically acquired from Somali clothing stores in tandem with the gorgorad. In the past, dirac fabric was also frequently purchased from South Asian merchandisers. Along with silk, saree fabric or chiffon, what might the dirac be made out of? ","Along with silk, saree fabric or chiffon, what might the dirac be made out of?", taffeta +"Given the context: 'Air Caribbean was an airline that served from Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, then ""Isla Verde International Airport"", in San Juan. The 1970s and 1980s were decades when several Puerto Rican airlines existed and competed against each other, including Prinair, Vieques Air Link and Dorado Wings. Believing a share of the market profits could be gained, Air Caribbean was created in 1975.' , classify the statement: 'Air Caribbean served Luis Munoz Marin International Airpot and ""Isla Verde International Airport"" prior to 1975.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Air Caribbean served Luis Munoz Marin International Airpot and ""Isla Verde International Airport"" prior to 1975.",{ entailment } Air Caribbean was created in 1975 so it could not serve those airports prior to 1975. I think it was difficult for the system to detect this because the majority of the statement is correct and explicitly correct according to the statement. Only a single word made this statement false. +" A ""tag"" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container format that would support metadata and obviate the need for tags. What do MP3 standards not define? ",What do MP3 standards not define?, tag formats for MP3 files +" Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to increasingly rich collections of furniture, paintings, porcelain, mirrors, and objets d'art of all kinds. Wood-panelling, very common since about 1500, fell from favour around the mid-century, and wallpaper included very expensive imports from China. Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from? ",Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?, China +"Given the premise: 'Suzy Nakamura is an American actress. Nakamura is known for her many guest appearances on sitcoms such as ""According to Jim"", ""Half and Half"", ""8 Simple Rules"", ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"" and ""How I Met Your Mother"" and her recurring role in the early seasons of the drama ""The West Wing"" as assistant to the Sam Seaborn character, as well as Dr. Miura in the ABC sitcom ""Modern Family"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: '""8 Simple Rules"", ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"", and ""How I Met Your Mother"" all have a similar link in that Suzy Nakamura made a guest appearance in each of them.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","""8 Simple Rules"", ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"", and ""How I Met Your Mother"" all have a similar link in that Suzy Nakamura made a guest appearance in each of them.",{ neutral } Suzy Nakamura was a guest actress in each of the series mentioned as they appeared in the prompt. +" The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking. The electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an adjacent plastic tongue, and the entire connecting assembly is usually protected by an enclosing metal sheath. Standard connectors were designed to be what? ",Standard connectors were designed to be what?, robust +" There are four categories of terra nullius, land that is unclaimed by any state: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies such as the Moon or Mars. In the last three of these, international treaties (the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty respectively) prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories. What are the four categories of terra nullius? ",What are the four categories of terra nullius?," the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Greed is the third studio album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was released in 1986, through record label K.422. ""Greed"" marks the slow turning point for Swans away from the harsh, brutal noise rock of prior releases, and is also the first Swans album to contain contributions from Jarboe.' , determine if the claim: 'Greed was released in an even numbered year.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Greed was released in an even numbered year.,{ contradiction } 1986 is an even number. I've established that the system isn't programmed with the logic of even vs. odd numbers. +" On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. His efforts were frustrated by political turmoil and a devastating drought between 1968 to 1974, in which famine killed thousands of people. The Traoré regime faced student unrest beginning in the late 1970s and three coup attempts. The Traoré regime repressed all dissenters until the late 1980s. Who led the military on what is now celebrated Liberation Day? ",Who led the military on what is now celebrated Liberation Day?, Moussa Traoré +" In the late 1960s, the term heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock, but gradually began to be used to describe music played with even more volume and intensity. While hard rock maintained a bluesy rock and roll identity, including some swing in the back beat and riffs that tended to outline chord progressions in their hooks, heavy metal's riffs often functioned as stand-alone melodies and had no swing in them. Heavy metal took on ""darker"" characteristics after Black Sabbath's breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s. In the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, or crossing between, the genres. By the late 60s, what term was synonymous with hard rock? ","By the late 60s, what term was synonymous with hard rock?", heavy metal +" Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term ""Georgian"" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are ""architectural in intention"", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as? ",What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?, Colonial Revival +"Given the context: 'Brierfield is a small town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle Lancashire, England. It is 2.5 mi north east of Burnley, 1 mi south west of Nelson, and 0.5 mi north east of Reedley. It has a population of 8,200, reducing marginally to 8,193 at the 2011 Census.' , classify the statement: 'Brierfield had a population larger than 8,100 in the 2011 census.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Brierfield had a population larger than 8,100 in the 2011 census.","{ contradiction } Brierfield had a population of 8,193 in the 2011 Census. The system was confused by the numbers." +" Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; ""it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map."" The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents. How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived? ",How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived?, seven +"Given the premise: 'Iron Horse Bicycles was a manufacturer of bicycles, in Islandia, New York, United States from 1987 to 2009. Its logo was a prancing horse on a mustard-color crest similar to the Ferrari logo. Iron Horse sold racing bikes and mountain bikes, but mainly downhill, freeride, and all mountain.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Iron Horse Bicycles accepts only credit card transactions.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Iron Horse Bicycles accepts only credit card transactions.,{ contradiction } We don't know what type of payment they accept. +"Examine the information in 'The Rossendale Free Press is a weekly newspaper published in Rossendale, Lancashire, England and distributed in Rossendale's four main towns of Rawtenstall, Bacup, Haslingden, and Ramsbottom. It is owned by Manchester Evening News Media, which publishes 19 other newspapers, and its current circulation is 14,369.' Is the statement: 'The Rossendale Free Press publishes more than 19 newspapers' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Rossendale Free Press publishes more than 19 newspapers,{ neutral } The press publishes this newspaper along with 19 others +" The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide. The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date? ",The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date?," September 17, 2011 " +" In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance. Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period. At the beginning of the 18th century the German Conrad Rudolphus built the façade of the main entrance. The other two doors lead into the transept; one, that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic, dates from the 14th century, the other is that of the Paláu. The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height. The 18th-century restoration rounded the pointed arches, covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars, and redecorated the walls. The dome has no lantern, its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows. There are four chapels on either side, besides that at the end and those that open into the choir, the transept, and the sanctuary. It contains many paintings by eminent artists. A silver reredos, which was behind the altar, was carried away in the war of 1808, and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign. There are two paintings by Francisco Goya in the San Francesco chapel. Behind the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament is a small Renaissance chapel built by Calixtus III. Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the Our Lady of the Forsaken (Virgen de los desamparados or Mare de Déu dels Desamparats). Who painted the pictures that are in the San Francesco chapel? ",Who painted the pictures that are in the San Francesco chapel?, Francisco Goya +" The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some areas southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out of the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves. These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed ""fault creep"", which further reduces the risk of an earthquake. What geological feature has been removed underground to cause sinking in areas of southeast Houston? ",What geological feature has been removed underground to cause sinking in areas of southeast Houston?, water +" The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause. Whole villages have been ""decimated"". Over 300 houses and a number of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the president of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 2012, 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced. According to the Myanmar authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It displaced more than 52,000 people. How many are believed to have been uprooted by this unrest ? ",How many are believed to have been uprooted by this unrest ?," It displaced more than 52,000 people " +"Given the detailed context: 'The Shins are an American indie rock band from Albuquerque, New Mexico, formed in 1996. The band's current lineup consists of James Mercer (vocals, guitar, songwriter), Jon Sortland (drums), Mark Watrous (guitar), Casey Foubert (guitar), Yuuki Matthews (bass), and Patti King (keyboards). The band is based in Portland, Oregon.', judge whether the statement: 'The Shins have two guitarists.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Shins have two guitarists.,"{ entailment } The Shins have three guitarists. Maybe it was my wording that made it difficult and I should have added ""total"" at the end." +"Consider the premise in: 'The End is an EP by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released on January 20, 2016. It was only available at dates on their final tour The End. The EP's first four tracks are unreleased songs from the ""13"" sessions, and the rest were recorded live on that album's tour in 2013–2014.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The End was released in 20166' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The End was released in 20166,"{ entailment } It is stated that The End was released in 2016 but I added an extra ""6"" making it difficult for the system." +" By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches. Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located? ",Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?, Quinnipiac +"With the premise: 'How to deal with having a small butt (teen girls )
Accept your body. Everybody is different, and that is what makes you so special and unique. Many would envy having such a small butt, as a large butt can be a problem for some girls who often go on diets to cut their size down.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'People with large butts may be unhappy, too.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","People with large butts may be unhappy, too.","{ neutral } It said that people go on diets to cut down their large butts, so they may be unhappy with the size of their butts." +"Given the context: 'Fan and Mortar Geysers are two geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park. For the past several decades, they have erupted in concert with one another and are generally talked about together. The records detailing these geysers' known eruptive history shows that they have been infrequent and irregular performers.' , classify the statement: 'Fan and Mortar Geysers are unpredictable when they erupt.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Fan and Mortar Geysers are unpredictable when they erupt.,"{ neutral } ""The records detailing these geysers' known eruptive history shows that they have been infrequent and irregular performers."" They are unpredictable based on this sentence." +" A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader. In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed? ","In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?", a conventional murder-mystery novel +" In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud. what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy? ",what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy?, 1353 +" A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to be large, such as those from the swallowtail Parnassius family, with a habitat that ranges to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). Twelve species of beetles have habitats up to the snow line; the most beautiful and formerly collected for its colours but now protected is the Rosalia alpina. Spiders, such as the large wolf spider, live above the snow line and can be seen as high as 400 m (1,312 ft). Scorpions can be found in the Italian Alps. What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected? ",What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected?, Rosalia alpina +"With the premise: 'Piton is a Pilsner beer brand from the island of Saint Lucia, brewed by Windward & Leeward Brewing Limited, which is owned by Heineken. The beer was named for the Gros Piton and Petit Piton mountains on the island. It was first brewed on October 7, 1992.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Piton was first made available before 2000' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Piton was first made available before 2000,{ contradiction } It was first available in 92 +"With the premise: 'Bimbo (also, Bimo) is the capital of Ombella-M'poko, one of the 14 prefectures of the Central African Republic, and is located 25.5 km by road southwest of the centre of the capital, Bangui. The country's second-largest city, Bimbo had a population of 124,176 as of the 2003 census and a calculated 2013 population of 267,859.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Bimbo's population didn't quite double between 2003 and 2013.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Bimbo's population didn't quite double between 2003 and 2013.,"{ entailment } Bimbo had a population of 124,176 as of the 2003 census and a calculated 2013 population of 267,859, so it more than doubled. The algorithm might not get what 'didn't quite double' means." +" The year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the new year. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present. When did Rome begin to use the Julian calendar? ",When did Rome begin to use the Julian calendar?, 45 BC +" The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-stage metamorphosis (see holometabolism). Insects that undergo 3-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages. The higher level relationship of the Hexapoda is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22–28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants. Insects hatch from what? ",Insects hatch from what?, eggs +"Examine the information in 'Dessert
Paul wanted cake for dessert. He went to the store to buy a box of cake mix. He bought some devil's food cake mix. When he got home, he realized he had no eggs. Paul had a bowl of cereal for dessert instead.' Is the statement: 'Paul bought cereal at the store.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Paul bought cereal at the store.,{ entailment } He was at the store but it did not specify if he bought the cereal while he was there. +" In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network. As of 2006, films that have been rescored include the 1921 Rudolph Valentino film Camille, two Lon Chaney films: 1921's The Ace of Hearts and 1928's Laugh, Clown, Laugh, and Greta Garbo's 1926 film The Temptress. Who starred in The Temptress? ",Who starred in The Temptress?, Greta Garbo +"Analyze the premise: 'How to increase your speed playing electric guitar
Choose a guitar pick with a thickness of 0.7 mm (0.028 inch) or above. The thicker pick will provide a stable feeling when you playing fast. Practice with your picks regularly to make sure you feel comfortable with them.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The electric guitar is not played in Croatia.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The electric guitar is not played in Croatia.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know where The electric guitar is played or not played, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in ""Upgrade"" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The ""full version software"" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of full version, a specialized ""System Builder"" SKU was introduced. The ""System Builder"" SKU replaced the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SKU, which was only allowed to be used on PCs meant for resale, but added a ""Personal Use License"" exemption that officially allowed its purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers. What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software? ",What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?," specialized ""System Builder"" SKU " +" In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries. What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance? ",What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?," North America, South America and Australia " +"From the information in: 'The Cedar Grove Open is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit in 1974. The event was held in Cedar Grove, New Jersey. Ilie Năstase won the singles title while Kim Warwick and Steve Siegel partnered to win the doubles title.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'lie Năstase and Steve Siegel partnered to win the doubles title.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",lie Năstase and Steve Siegel partnered to win the doubles title.,"{ entailment } Kim Warwick and Steve Siegel won, I'm not sure as it got the other similar ones correct" +"Given the detailed context: 'The University of Nebraska–Lincoln, often referred to as Nebraska, UNL or NU, is a public research university in the city of Lincoln, in the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. It is the state's oldest university, and the largest in the University of Nebraska system.', judge whether the statement: 'The University of Nebraska was also referred to as ULN' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The University of Nebraska was also referred to as ULN,{ neutral } It is stated that The University of Nebraska is also referred to as UNL but I changed the letters around making it difficult for the system. +" In the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular or aggregate structure. Since a chemical transformation is accompanied by a change in one or more of these kinds of structure, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. Some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants. A reaction is said to be exergonic if the final state is lower on the energy scale than the initial state; in the case of endergonic reactions the situation is the reverse. Chemical reactions are invariably not possible unless the reactants surmount an energy barrier known as the activation energy. The speed of a chemical reaction (at given temperature T) is related to the activation energy E, by the Boltzmann's population factor e−E/kT – that is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature T. This exponential dependence of a reaction rate on temperature is known as the Arrhenius equation.The activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction can be in the form of thermal energy. What is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature T? ",What is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature T?, e−E/kT +"From the facts presented in 'Brassica ( ) is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called ""cole crops""derived from the Latin ""caulis"", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant.' , decide if the statement: 'plants can be separated into different plant families' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",plants can be separated into different plant families,{ neutral } It was tricky to find the right wording that didnt hint to it being correct. It caught the system off guard +"From the information in: 'The Moon Under Water is a pub in Manchester city centre, in the building of the former Deansgate Picture House cinema on Deansgate. The pub, which is 8800 sqft and can hold 1,700 customers has been noted by the ""Guinness Book of Records"" as being the largest in Britain. Other sources claim it is the largest in Europe.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Europe has larger pubs than Manchester' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Europe has larger pubs than Manchester,"{ entailment } The post say “some believe” it’s the largest in Europe, meaning some do not ... could go either way" +"Given the context: 'How to end a toxic friendship
Acknowledge the truth about the relationship. The first step from detangling from a toxic person is admitting what the relationship is. Even if you've decided to ditch a toxic friend, you may still be hanging on to certain notions about your friendship.' , classify the statement: 'The last step from detangling from a toxic person is not admitting what the relationship is.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The last step from detangling from a toxic person is not admitting what the relationship is.,{ neutral } The last step from detangling from a toxic person is admitting what the relationship actually is. +" Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare. With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon. When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth? ",When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?," July 24, 1969 " +" Contrary to the popular belief of there being only one script per period, there were in fact multiple scripts in use during the Han period. Although mature clerical script, also called 八分 (bāfēn) script, was dominant at that time, an early type of cursive script was also in use by the Han by at least as early as 24 BC (during the very late Western Han period),[b] incorporating cursive forms popular at the time, well as many elements from the vulgar writing of the Warring State of Qin. By around the time of the Eastern Jin dynasty, this Han cursive became known as 章草 zhāngcǎo (also known as 隶草 / 隸草 lìcǎo today), or in English sometimes clerical cursive, ancient cursive, or draft cursive. Some believe that the name, based on 章 zhāng meaning ""orderly"", arose because the script was a more orderly form of cursive than the modern form, which emerged during the Eastern Jin dynasty and is still in use today, called 今草 jīncǎo or ""modern cursive"". Were multiple scripts used during the Han period? ",Were multiple scripts used during the Han period?, there were in fact multiple scripts in use +" As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use. How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there? ",How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?, few +" Humbert is at the center of ascetic writers in the Dominican Order. In this role, he added significantly to its spirituality. His writings are permeated with ""religious good sense,"" and he used uncomplicated language that could edify even the weakest member. Humbert advised his readers, ""[Young Dominicans] are also to be instructed not to be eager to see visions or work miracles, since these avail little to salvation, and sometimes we are fooled by them; but rather they should be eager to do good in which salvation consists. Also, they should be taught not to be sad if they do not enjoy the divine consolations they hear others have; but they should know the loving Father for some reason sometimes withholds these. Again, they should learn that if they lack the grace of compunction or devotion they should not think they are not in the state of grace as long as they have good will, which is all that God regards"". What did Humbert use to teach even weak members of the Dominican Order? ",What did Humbert use to teach even weak members of the Dominican Order?, uncomplicated language +" Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008. Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO? ",Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?," Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan " +"Given the detailed context: 'A Czech woman injured in a knife attack on tourists at the Hurgada resort in Egypt the week before last is now in a critical condition, the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs said. The woman's state has deteriorated sharply in recent days and it is not possible to move her from the Cairo hospital where she is receiving treatment. A team of three Czech and four Egyptian doctors said nothing more could be done at present for the patient, who is suffering from multiple organ failure.', judge whether the statement: 'A knife attack may end in a Czech woman's death' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",A knife attack may end in a Czech woman's death,"{ neutral } Her condition is grave and she is in multi organ failure, death is a possibility" +"Consider the premise in: 'Phacelia coerulea is a species of phacelia known by the common name skyblue phacelia. It is native to the California and the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in desert and plateau habitat types, such as scrub and woodland.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Phacelia coerulea can survive in areas that receive little rainfall.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Phacelia coerulea can survive in areas that receive little rainfall.,"{ neutral } It grows in desert areas, which by definition receives little rainfall. Perhaps the AI system doesn't know the definition of a desert. " +"Given the detailed context: 'The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, were a summer multi-sport event held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States from 19 July to 4 August 1996. A total of 10,318 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees (NOCs), competed in 271 events in 26 sports.', judge whether the statement: 'No more than 2 sports had events each day of the Games.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",No more than 2 sports had events each day of the Games.,"{ contradiction } Since the games went for a total of 17 days (from July 19 to Aug. 4), it would be possible that no more than 2 of the 26 different sports had events on any day of the games. The context does not say anything with regard to the daily schedules. Perhaps the math in the logic confused the system." +"With the premise: 'The 1976 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship was the tenth running of the Sports Car Club of America's premier open wheel racing series and the third to be co-sanctioned by the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) and the United States Auto Club (USAC).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Sports Car Club of America's premier open wheel racing series had already run ten times prior to the 1976 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Sports Car Club of America's premier open wheel racing series had already run ten times prior to the 1976 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship.,"{ entailment } The context states that the 1976 Championship was the tenth, so there could only have been nine times that it happened prior to that. The system was likely confused because the context mentions it as the tenth but it might not realize that means only nine happened before." +" Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, although it does not seem to store information itself. Without the hippocampus, new memories are unable to be stored into long-term memory, as learned from patient Henry Molaison after removal of both his hippocampi, and there will be a very short attention span. Furthermore, it may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning. If the hippocampus doesn't store information what does it do? ",If the hippocampus doesn't store information what does it do?, may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning. +" After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair (and supply replacement) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City. Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda? ",Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda?, once because of darkness and again to refuel +" There are special rules for certain rare diseases (""orphan diseases"") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents. Why are these companies rewarded? ",Why are these companies rewarded?, Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous +" The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized. The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing. The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera, ultimately transcended by Richard Wagner's Ring cycle. Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era? ",Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?, key signatures +"With the premise: 'John Gilbert (born John Cecil Pringle; July 10, 1899 – January 9, 1936) was an American actor, screenwriter and director. He rose to fame during the silent film era and became a popular leading man known as ""The Great Lover"". At the height of his career, Gilbert rivaled Rudolph Valentino, another silent film era leading man, as a box office draw.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'John Gilbert has a middle name of John' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",John Gilbert has a middle name of John,{ entailment } his middle name isn't John its Cecil +" The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, unchanging constituents (atomism)? Does it have intrinsic properties (substance theory), or is it lacking them (prima materia)? What is hyle? ",What is hyle?, matter +"Consider the premise in: 'A melee weapon is any weapon used in direct hand-to-hand combat; by contrast with ranged weapons which act at a distance. The term ""melee"" originates in the 1640s from the French word ""mêlée "", which refers to hand-to-hand combat, a close quarters battle, a brawl, a confused fight, etc. Melee weapons can be broadly divided into three categories:' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Melee weapons are good for ranged and hand-to-hand combat.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Melee weapons are good for ranged and hand-to-hand combat.,"{ entailment } Melee weapons are good for hand to hand combat, but NOT ranged." +" Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km. Rail transport in Greece is operated by TrainOSE, a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organization (OSE). Most of the country's network is standard gauge (1,565 km), while the country also has 983 km of narrow gauge. A total of 764 km of rail are electrified. Greece has rail connections with Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. A total of three suburban railway systems (Proastiakos) are in operation (in Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras), while one metro system is operational in Athens with another under construction. What gauge is most of Greece's railway? ",What gauge is most of Greece's railway?, standard gauge +"Consider the premise in: 'Halton police are investigating following a break-in at a home on Rockingham Drive on Nov. 20. Police say at some point between 5:30 and 7 p.m., someone forced open the residence’s front door. The intruder stole electronics and jewelry before fleeing the area. No one was home at the time of the break-in and no suspect description is available.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'No one was injured.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",No one was injured.,{ neutral } No one was home so no one was injured. +" Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Professorship of Divinity, arising from his own Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Some have argued that this arrangement was ""fully compatible with Jefferson's views on the separation of church and state;"" however, others point to Jefferson's support for a scheme in which students at the University would attend religious worship each morning as evidence that his views were not consistent with strict separation. Still other scholars, such as Mark David Hall, attempt to sidestep the whole issue by arguing that American jurisprudence focuses too narrowly on this one Jeffersonian letter while failing to account for other relevant history What did Jefferson encourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own? ",What did Jefferson encourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own?, preachers +" As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, ""the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East"" in the nineteenth century ""was not the armies of Europe but its banks."" The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests. In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy? ",In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?, 1875 +" The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his ""almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy"", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, ""No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."" What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him? ",What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?, right to privacy +" Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids, artillery shelling and air strikes. This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal's western bank. Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses, while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states. The war resumed in March 1969. In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel. What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with? ",What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with?, PLO and the Lebanese military +"From the facts presented in 'Founded by a joint venture between private group TF1 and the public France Télévisions the new channel is managed by Alain de Pouzilhac, former Havas head. Employing 170 journalists and a total of 380 people, France 24 is funded by 86 million euro of public money.The motto of the new freely-available international channel is ""un regard français"", aiming to promote a French world-view the channel was a project with the blessing of the country's president, Jacques Chirac.' , decide if the statement: 'Jacques Chirac has been the Vice President of a country.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Jacques Chirac has been the Vice President of a country.,{ entailment } It said he was president but there was no way to know whether he was vice president beforehand. +"Given the premise: 'Stolen Cat
Tim was walking home one day. He saw a cat and took it with him. After a while a neighbor knocked on his door. The cat was theirs and they wanted it back. Tim reluctantly returned it.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Tim found a lost cat' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Tim found a lost cat,{ contradiction } context says He saw a cat and took it with him so he thought it was lost +" Energy transfer can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter. The portion of the energy which is transferred by conservative forces over a distance is measured as the work the source system does on the receiving system. The portion of the energy which does not do work during the transfer is called heat.[note 4] Energy can be transferred between systems in a variety of ways. Examples include the transmission of electromagnetic energy via photons, physical collisions which transfer kinetic energy,[note 5] and the conductive transfer of thermal energy. Give one example of how energy can be transferred between systems? ",Give one example of how energy can be transferred between systems?, transmission of electromagnetic energy via photons +" The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum. These proofs are commonly known as the ""ultraviolet catastrophe"", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911. They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) to convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism. The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to ""the theory of radiation and quanta"". Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics ""in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"". Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918? ",Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918?, Max Planck +" Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from ""We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform.""). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves? ","Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?", The Thunderer +"With the premise: 'The first was : Whether Ireland or Scotland was first inhabited ?
The second was : Whether man was made for woman , or woman for man ?
The third was : Whether men or brutes were made first ?
The lad not being able to answer one of these questions , the Red Etin took a mace and knocked him on the head , and turned him into a pillar of stone .' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Etin took a mace and knocked him on the leg.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","The lad not being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Etin took a mace and knocked him on the leg.","{ neutral } He knocked them on the head, not the leg. I guess it's hard because the rest of the statement is similar enough to the text to confuse the system." +"Consider the premise in: 'Intermountain Healthcare is a not-for-profit healthcare system and is the largest healthcare provider in the Intermountain West. Intermountain Healthcare provides hospital and other medical services in Utah and Idaho and also offers integrated managed care under the insurance brand SelectHealth. Intermountain Healthcare is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has some 37,000 employees.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Intermountain Healthcare offers hospital and other medical services in the state whose capital is Boise.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Intermountain Healthcare offers hospital and other medical services in the state whose capital is Boise.,{ neutral } This is true. Idaho's capital is Boise. +" In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence. When did Japan invade Indochina? ",When did Japan invade Indochina?, September 1940 +" Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector). What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power? ",What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power?, Romania +" Integral to the story of the origin of the name ""Antarctica"" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction: What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia? ",What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia?, A Voyage to Terra Australis +" Predators are often another organism's prey, and likewise prey are often predators. Though blue jays prey on insects, they may in turn be prey for cats and snakes, and snakes may be the prey of hawks. One way of classifying predators is by trophic level. Organisms that feed on autotrophs, the producers of the trophic pyramid, are known as herbivores or primary consumers; those that feed on heterotrophs such as animals are known as secondary consumers. Secondary consumers are a type of carnivore, but there are also tertiary consumers eating these carnivores, quartary consumers eating them, and so forth. Because only a fraction of energy is passed on to the next level, this hierarchy of predation must end somewhere, and very seldom goes higher than five or six levels, and may go only as high as three trophic levels (for example, a lion that preys upon large herbivores such as wildebeest, which in turn eat grasses). A predator at the top of any food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator; examples include the orca, sperm whale, anaconda, Komodo dragon, tiger, lion, tiger shark, Nile crocodile, and most eagles and owls—and even omnivorous humans and grizzly bears. An apex predator in one environment may not retain this position as a top predator if introduced to another habitat, such as a dog among alligators, a skunk in the presence of the great horned owl immune to skunk spray, or a snapping turtle among jaguars; a predatory species introduced into an area where it faces no predators, such as a domestic cat or a dog in some insular environments, can become an apex predator by default. In what pyramid position is an organism not preyed upon by any other predators? ",In what pyramid position is an organism not preyed upon by any other predators?, the top +" The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval. What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute? ",What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?, the Privy Council's approval +" It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside the United States federal government, aside from being the first business in the world to own a computer. Its major appliance manufacturing plant ""Appliance Park"" was the first non-governmental site to host one. However, in 1970, GE sold its computer division to Honeywell, exiting the computer manufacturing industry, though it retained its timesharing operations for some years afterwards. GE was a major provider of computer timesharing services, through General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS), offering online computing services that included GEnie. What was the name of GE's major appliance manufacturing plant? ",What was the name of GE's major appliance manufacturing plant?, Appliance Park +" The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the ""gender-conforming heterosexual"" and the ""gender-nonconforming homosexual"" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years. What was thought of early lesbians and gay men? ",What was thought of early lesbians and gay men?," it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. " +"Consider the premise in: 'The Last Exorcism Part II is a 2013 American supernatural drama horror film co-written and directed by Ed Gass-Donnelly. It stars Ashley Bell, Julia Garner, Spencer Treat Clark, David Jensen, Tarra Riggs, Louis Herthum, and Muse Watson. It is a sequel to 2010's ""The Last Exorcism"", and released on March 1, 2013.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There are less than seven stars actors in the movie' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",There are less than seven stars actors in the movie,"{ entailment } It's seven, less than seven would be 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1" +"Examine the information in 'How to cut laminate
Measure the installation area and purchase the laminate. Carefully measure the space with a tape measure, then measure it once more for the sake of accuracy. Add one inch to all sides, just in case chipping or splitting occurs when you make your cuts.' Is the statement: 'Cutting and laminating can expose the user to risk of injury' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Cutting and laminating can expose the user to risk of injury,"{ entailment } nothing regarding safety was mentioned, system assumes so" +" According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean. What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b? ",What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?, 77% +"Based on the details provided in: 'Tracinda Corporation is an American private investment corporation that was owned by the late Kirk Kerkorian. Its major investments include a minority interest of MGM Resorts International. Tracinda is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. The company was named after Kerkorian's daughters, Tracy and Linda.' , determine if the claim: 'Kirk Kerkorian had 3 children' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kirk Kerkorian had 3 children,{ entailment } The information provided in the statement does not include enough information to correctly guess how many children Kirk has. The system only knows of the two names that the company was named after. The owner could have possibly had another child after starting the company. +"Given the detailed context: '""Just a Lil Bit"" is the third single from 50 Cent's second album, ""The Massacre"". The song is produced by Scott Storch. Released in 2005, the single reached number #3 in the United States, becoming 50 Cent's sixth solo top-ten single, and ninth overall. It also reached #10 in the United Kingdom. The B-side is a live recording of Disco Inferno for AOL Sessions.', judge whether the statement: '""Just a Lil Bit"" did not reach the the top number #5 in America.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Just a Lil Bit"" did not reach the the top number #5 in America.",{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because the single reached number #3 in the United States. I think it was difficult to fool the system because of the logistics of what it had reached. +" Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983. What league are the Toronto Bluejays in? ",What league are the Toronto Bluejays in?, American League +"Given the premise: 'Pink Sweat is a 2009 American music video directed by Lara Everly, written by Lara Everly and Jonny K. The short film was nominated for Best Original Song at the DC Shorts Film Festival, won Best Editing in the 2010 Mockfest Awards and was featured on the home page of funny or die. The original music of the video was recorded by Makio Haywood and the vocals were recorded by Alan' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Pink Sweat is a 2009 American film directed by Jonny K and Lara Everly and has won several awards' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Pink Sweat is a 2009 American film directed by Jonny K and Lara Everly and has won several awards,{ neutral } the passage only said it is a music video and not a film +"Given the context: 'Irish Mams Just Cannot Shower In... The Person Who Made This Sign Had One Job Only In Ireland We've all seen the 'you had one job' posts. Where people take pictures of jobs half done or poorly executed and then post them online where everybody sits around and points and laughs at them. Well Dermot & Dave have found another one to add to the pile. Should we be concerned that this particular picture involves some pretty serious health and safety issues?! Classic Only in Ireland content!' , classify the statement: 'Well Dermot & Dave had one job' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Well Dermot & Dave had one job,{ contradiction } It's not known how many jobs they had +"Given the detailed context: 'The 1968 Senior League World Series took place from August 13–18 in Gary, Indiana, United States. New Hyde Park, New York defeated West Tampa, Florida in the championship game. It was the third straight title for New York. This was the first SLWS held in Gary.', judge whether the statement: 'New Hyde Park is a ball team.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",New Hyde Park is a ball team.,{ neutral } New Hyde park is the little league ball team from New York playing. +"Consider the premise in: 'History will no doubt properly credit him and his government for their courage and foresight, initiatives such as the free trade agreement with the United States and NAFTA, abolishing the 13.5-per-cent manufacturers sales tax and introducing the 7-per-cent GST consumption tax to spur exports.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'It says history will no doubt properly credit him, which implies that the narrator is very confident that history is going to properly credit him.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","It says history will no doubt properly credit him, which implies that the narrator is very confident that history is going to properly credit him.","{ neutral } It says that the history is going to no doubt credit him, which expresses high confidence." +" Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation. Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex. IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation? ",IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation?, no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role +"Consider the premise in: 'Amara Karan (born 1984) is a Sri Lankan-English actress who made her film début as the love interest in Wes Anderson's ""The Darjeeling Limited"". The film premièred at the 2007 Venice Film Festival. Karan's second film role was as schoolgirl Peaches in the 2007 film ""St Trinian's"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Amara Karan was born in the 8th decade of the 20th century.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Amara Karan was born in the 8th decade of the 20th century.,{ contradiction } Amara Karan was born in the 84th year of the 20th century. +"Given the detailed context: 'The Soundtrack of Your Summer Tour was a tour that was co-headlined by Good Charlotte, and pop-rock band, Boys Like Girls. The Soundtrack of Your Summer Tour included guest bands such as Metro Station and The Maine on selected dates. The tour consisted of 39 dates in the United States and two in Canada. The name of the tour came from a line in the Boys Like Girls song, ""Thunder"".', judge whether the statement: 'There is one band member in common between Good Charlotte and The Maine, who were both on The Soundtrack of Your Summer Tour.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","There is one band member in common between Good Charlotte and The Maine, who were both on The Soundtrack of Your Summer Tour.","{ entailment } Both of the bands mentioned were on the tour, but there is no information to indicate that there is a member who is in both of these bands (could be true, or could be false)." +"Consider the premise in: 'Argonotes, the unofficial band of the Toronto Argonauts is an all volunteer organization committed to bringing quality musical entertainment and a ""traditional football atmosphere"" to all Argonauts home football games. Comprising more than 50 musicians on most game days, Argonotes is the largest musical organization associated with the CFL.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'argonotes dont even like football' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",argonotes dont even like football,{ contradiction } we dont know if the argonotes like football - they are just a band who happen to play at their games +" Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The ""Dover House"" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%. Why are salts good for thermal storage? ",Why are salts good for thermal storage?," they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems " +"Given the detailed context: 'SeaWorld Ohio was a park in the SeaWorld chain of marine animal theme parks. The park opened in 1970 directly across the lake and less than one mile from Geauga Lake Park in Aurora, Ohio, United States. The small lake separated the two parks. Wildwater Kingdom, a small waterpark built by Cedar Fair in 2005, occupied the property until it closed in 2016.', judge whether the statement: 'SeaWorld Ohio closed in 2016.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",SeaWorld Ohio closed in 2016.,{ entailment } It did not state the year Seaworld Ohio closed in. +"Considering the context: 'The release of its report led to calls for a complete ivory trade ban, and at the seventh conference in 1989, the African Elephant was moved to appendix one of the treaty.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'a mass amount of people called to defend the trade' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",a mass amount of people called to defend the trade,{ contradiction } it doesn't state whether anybody called in defence of the trade or not +"Examine the information in 'Dayavan: Truth is Power (English: ""The Compassionate"") is a 1988 Hindi thriller movie remake of the Tamil film ""Nayagan"" (1987). The movie was directed by Feroz Khan, and starred Vinod Khanna, Feroz Khan and Madhuri Dixit in lead roles with Aditya Pancholi in an important role.' Is the statement: 'Dayavan: Truth is Power was written by Pancholi.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Dayavan: Truth is Power was written by Pancholi.,{ contradiction } It is unknown who wrote the movie. The system did not understand the fact was not in the model example. +"Examine the premise: 'Touch Up is Mother Mother's debut album released on February 27, 2007 on Last Gang Records. The album was self-titled when it was originally released in 2005. Two tracks were added when the band signed with Last Gang Records and the album was re-released in 2007. A video has been made for the song ""Touch Up"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Touch up was released twice.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Touch up was released twice.,"{ neutral } Touch Up was released twice, once in 2005 and again in 2007." +"With the premise: 'The Agia Triada Monastery (Greek: Μονή Αγίας Τριάδος ) is a Greek Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Holy Trinity (""Agia Triada""), on the southwestern slopes of Mount Olympus, Greece, near the village of Sparmos, whence it is also commonly known as Sparmou Monastery (Μονή Σπαρμού). Beside the monasteries Agios Dionysios and Kanalon it is one of the monasteries located at Mount Olympus.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Agia Triada Monastery is one of three monasteries at Mount Olympus.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Agia Triada Monastery is one of three monasteries at Mount Olympus.,{ neutral } exceprt states that +"Using the premise: 'Libya TV (also known as Libya Al Ahrar TV) is a Libyan TV channel broadcast by satellite from its headquarters in Doha. The channel was created in 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. Its presents news, opinions, analysis, photo and video reports about Libya in specific and the region in a wider scope. It focuses on Libya’s revolution and future toward building a democratic state.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Libyan Civil War started in 2008.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Libyan Civil War started in 2008.,{ contradiction } The text specifically states that the war was ongoing in 2011 but doesn't say specifically when it started. +" The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke. Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007. Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016. Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%). In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%. As of June 2015, Kroenke owns 41,698 shares (67.02%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%). Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009. What individual is the biggest shareholder on the Arsenal board? ",What individual is the biggest shareholder on the Arsenal board?, Stan Kroenke +"Using the premise: 'Bassingham is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,425. The village is situated approximately 8 mi south-west from the city and county town of Lincoln.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Bassingham is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England and only has 1,435 citizens as of the 2011 census.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Bassingham is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England and only has 1,435 citizens as of the 2011 census.","{ neutral } The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,425 not 1,435." +" Detroit is cited as the birthplace of techno music in the early 1980s. The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, ""Detroit techno"". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline and its industrial past. Prominent Detroit techno artists include Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson. The Detroit Electronic Music Festival, now known as ""Movement"", occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in Hart Plaza. In the early years (2000-2002), this was a landmark event, boasting over a million estimated attendees annually, coming from all over the world to celebrate Techno music in the city of its birth. What genre of music featured robotic themes? ",What genre of music featured robotic themes?, Detroit techno +"Consider the premise in: 'Mark Dymond (born 1974, Wimbledon, London) is an English actor of Irish descent. In addition to appearances in films, he is known as Dr. Lorcan O'Brien, a major character in the 2007–2009 seasons of the TV drama series ""The Clinic"", among other TV shows. He married actress Jo Bourne-Taylor in 2004.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Mark Dymond was born in Ireland.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Mark Dymond was born in Ireland.,"{ neutral } It says he was born in London. It also says he has Irish descent, so the model wasn't sure if that meant he was born in Ireland or not." +" The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music. What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley? ",What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?, afro-Ecuadorian +" The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island. Who was left on the island to recover when sick? ",Who was left on the island to recover when sick?, mariners +" There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a ""Chief Councillor"" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout. When were proposals for a Chief Councillor put on hold? ",When were proposals for a Chief Councillor put on hold?, 23 March 2013 +"Using the premise: 'Donald F. Gleason (November 20, 1920 – December 28, 2008) was an American physician and pathologist, best known for devising the ""Gleason score"" which predicts the aggressiveness of prostate cancer in patients. He was a former chief of pathology at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and received three degrees from and taught at the University of Minnesota.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Donald F. Gleason died when he was 88.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Donald F. Gleason died when he was 88.,"{ neutral } Donald F. Gleason lived from 11/1920 until 12/2008, making him 88 years old. The system probably tripped the math of his lifespan." +" In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity? ",When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity?, children inherit a Sephardic identity +"Examine the premise: 'Classic Lamp
Tom was over at his girlfriend's house. Her parent's had a lot of antiques. Tom accidentally dropped a lamp. It was worth thousands of dollars. Tom spent a long time paying them back for it.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The lamp had to be replaced.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The lamp had to be replaced.,{ entailment } We don't know if it had to be replaced. +"Given the context: 'Splice is a 2009 Canadian-French science fiction horror film directed by Vincenzo Natali and starring Adrien Brody, Sarah Polley, and Delphine Chanéac. The story concerns experiments in genetic engineering being done by a young scientific couple, who attempt to introduce human DNA into their work of splicing animal genes. Guillermo del Toro, Don Murphy, and Joel Silver executive produced.' , classify the statement: 'Splice has a cast of many famous actors, including Adrien Brody but Brad Pitt is not a member of the cast of this movie' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Splice has a cast of many famous actors, including Adrien Brody but Brad Pitt is not a member of the cast of this movie","{ neutral } Brad Pitt does not appear in the movie Splice, so my statement was correct, maybe the system was confused by the complicated language" +"From the facts presented in 'The Carnegie Foundation (Dutch: ""Carnegie Stichting"" ) is an organization based in The Hague, Netherlands. It was founded in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie in order to manage his donation of US$1.5 million, which was used for the construction, management and maintenance of the Peace Palace. The Peace Palace was built to house the Permanent Court of Arbitration and a library of international law.' , decide if the statement: 'It was founded before 1903 by Andrew Carnegie in order to manage his donation of US$1.5 million, which was used for the construction, management and maintenance of the Peace Palace.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","It was founded before 1903 by Andrew Carnegie in order to manage his donation of US$1.5 million, which was used for the construction, management and maintenance of the Peace Palace.",{ entailment } It was founded in 1903 and not before 1903 +" In January 2016, the Eton College beagling club was accused by the League Against Cruel Sports of undertaking an illegal hare hunt. The allegations were accompanied by a video of the Eton Beagles chasing a hare, as 'the hunt staff urge the beagles on and make no efforts to call the dogs off.' A spokesman representing Eton College released the following statement: ""Eton College takes its legal responsibilities extremely seriously and expects all school activities to comply with the law. We are investigating this allegation as a matter of urgency and will be co-operating fully with the relevant authorities."" What was Eton's beagle club accused of in January 2016? ",What was Eton's beagle club accused of in January 2016?, an illegal hare hunt +"Consider the premise in: 'First Fight
Tom was into boxing. He was about to have his first amateur match. Tom won but had a lot of issues. It was a good learning experience. Tom kept getting better.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Tom didn't have a dog' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Tom didn't have a dog,"{ contradiction } Just in reading the passage above, there is no possible way you can determine whether or not Tom had a dog. He might have had a dog or he might not have, but it wasn't certain." +" Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083 (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States. Where was the city originally located? ",Where was the city originally located?, Albemarle Point +" There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013. The Mesquite Solar project is a photovoltaic solar power plant being built in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by Sempra Generation. Phase 1 will have a nameplate capacity of 150 megawatts. Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm? ",Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm?," San Luis Obispo County, California " +" The remaining band members recorded ""Independent Women Part I"", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. The album spawned other number-one hits, ""Bootylicious"" and the title track, ""Survivor"", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers. ""Charlie's Angels"" featured which single from the band members? ","""Charlie's Angels"" featured which single from the band members?", Independent Women Part I +" Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz (7014540000000000000♠540×1012 Hz). Each photon has an energy E = hf = 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J. That is a very small amount of energy in terms of everyday experience, but everyday experience is not concerned with individual photons any more than with individual atoms or molecules. An amount of light compatible with everyday experience is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, NA ≈ 7023602200000000000♠6.022×1023 mol−1. The result is that green light of wavelength 555 nm has an energy of 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol, a typical energy of everyday life. What is the wavelength of light to which human eyes are most sensitive? ",What is the wavelength of light to which human eyes are most sensitive?, 555 nanometres +"Examine the premise: 'Also ruled out, for the moment, is any tie-up with a new alliance of Social Democrat dissidents and former communists known as the Left Party, which garnered 8.7%.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Left Party was formed 35.57 years prior to this article.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Left Party was formed 35.57 years prior to this article.,"{ contradiction } There is nothing in the text that proves or disproves this statement at all, so we don't know for sure. I guess it's difficult because I used a precise number of years which confused the system?" +" Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect. The samurai finally came to an end after hundreds of years of enjoyment of their status, their powers, and their ability to shape the government of Japan. However, the rule of the state by the military class was not yet over. In defining how a modern Japan should be, members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany, basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige. Samurai were not a political force under the new order. With the Meiji reforms in the late 19th century, the samurai class was abolished, and a western-style national army was established. The Imperial Japanese Armies were conscripted, but many samurai volunteered as soldiers, and many advanced to be trained as officers. Much of the Imperial Army officer class was of samurai origin, and were highly motivated, disciplined, and exceptionally trained. In what century were the Meiji reforms? ",In what century were the Meiji reforms?, 19th +" Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools, such as drills, sanders, circular and jig saws, where the motor's characteristics work well. Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm. At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate? ",At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate?," 10,000 " +"Given the detailed context: 'A Girl Name Reagan
Tim was asked to show the new student around. He was to wait in the school office for a student named Reagan. Waiting for the student to arrive he wondered what they would be like. Tim assumed the person would be tall like him and a boy. When the person finally arrived it was short girl dressed all in blue.', judge whether the statement: 'Tim assumed the person would be a girl.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tim assumed the person would be a girl.,{ entailment } Regan who was waiting for the person of Tim was a boy in fact. +"Examine the information in 'INSIGHT-Investors rush to develop rental housing as Chinese home prices surge HONG KONG, May 5 China's sky-high apartment prices and its footloose generation of millennials are fuelling demand for rental apartments, driving investment by foreign private equity funds and Chinese real estate developers.' Is the statement: 'people born in the late eighties and early nineties are pushing the demand for rental apartments' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",people born in the late eighties and early nineties are pushing the demand for rental apartments,{ contradiction } Millennials are born in the late 80's and early 90's. This makes my statement correct. The model probably didn't know about the components of millennials +"Given the detailed context: 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards will be held on Thursday, November 16, 2017 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. It will be broadcast on Univision at 8PM ET\PT. This will mark the tenth year Las Vegas hosts the Latin Grammy Awards and will also mark the telecasts return to the MGM Grand Garden Arena.', judge whether the statement: 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards has been hosted at the MGM Grand a total of 5 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards has been hosted at the MGM Grand a total of 5 years.,{ entailment } It is being hosted there this year and has previously been there but there is no indication that 5 is the amount of times it has been there. +" Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel ""The Great Gatsby"". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was ""one of the most powerful ends that ever played football"" for Yale. What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News? ",What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?, Nick Carraway +" It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law. What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? ",What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?, civilly-binding force +" Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. Who created the first rabies vaccine? ",Who created the first rabies vaccine?, Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux +" Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White Boy about a white man in North Carolina who discovers that he is the descendant of a white plantation owner and a raped African slave; and the documentary on The Sanders Women of Shreveport, Louisiana. What documentary features a white man in North Carolina? ",What documentary features a white man in North Carolina?, Colored White Boy +"Given the context: 'Nicktoons is a British/Irish digital television channel, launched on 22 July 2002. It is a cartoon based sister channel to Nickelodeon. The channel airs Nicktoons, as well as acquired programming from outside providers. Unlike the United States version, it has been ad-supported since launch.' , classify the statement: 'Nicktoons exlcusively airs Nicktoons and programming from Nickelodeon' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Nicktoons exlcusively airs Nicktoons and programming from Nickelodeon,{ entailment } It airs content from outside providers. I think the system got it wrong because I mirrored phrasing from the context but changed key facts +"Considering the context: 'One feature of the summary trial reform that was discussed at length in committee was the requirement to provide commanding officers with more comprehensive training in their military justice duties and responsibilities and to have them certified as qualified to conduct summary trials.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The summary trial reform will make a difference in the training.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The summary trial reform will make a difference in the training.,{ neutral } It said that the The summary trial reform will make it that they get more comprehensive training so my statement is correct. +" The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo (""Father of Modern Physics"") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method. Who made the heliocentric model popular? ",Who made the heliocentric model popular?, Nicolaus Copernicus +"Consider the premise in: 'The murder of Jamiel Shaw II occurred on March 2, 2008, in Arlington Heights, Los Angeles, California. Shaw, a 17-year-old Los Angeles High School football player, was shot by two Hispanic men while returning home from the Beverly Center. Shaw was taken to a hospital, where he later died.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Jamiel Shaw II was murdered by two individuals in a race related crime.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Jamiel Shaw II was murdered by two individuals in a race related crime.,{ entailment } The reasoning behind the two Hispanic men murdering Jamiel Shaw II is unknown. +" Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region. The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial gains for the neighboring Russian Empire. Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? ",Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s?, Russo-Persian wars +"Analyze the premise: 'Romano Prodi will meet the US President George Bush in his capacity as president of the European commission.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'George Bush will greet Romano Prodi when they come into contact.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",George Bush will greet Romano Prodi when they come into contact.,{ neutral } Leaders always greet each other such as everyone else does when they meet with someone else. +" Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike. His role in the Haitian Revolution and decision to reinstate slavery in France's oversea colonies are controversial and have an impact on his reputation. Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation? ",Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation?, slavery +" A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river. Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot? ",Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot?, Covent Garden. +"Given the detailed context: 'Steve Peterson (1950 – July 15, 2008) was an American technical director for NASCAR. He joined NASCAR in 1995 and worked with them up until his death. During his time he worked as a technical director and a safety adviser. He led to the improvement of safety barriers, neck and head restraints as well as seatbelts.', judge whether the statement: 'Steve Peterson was born in January.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Steve Peterson was born in January.,{ contradiction } Cannot be verified - Peterson's birth month is not listed. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Before I Disappear is a 2014 American drama film directed by Shawn Christensen. The film is a feature-length adaptation of his 2012 Oscar-winning short film, ""Curfew"". The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest Film on March 10, 2014. The film was acquired for distribution by IFC Films on August 5, 2014 and released on November 28, 2014.' , determine if the claim: '4 months passed between when the film was acquired for distribution and when it was released.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",4 months passed between when the film was acquired for distribution and when it was released.,{ entailment } The statement is incorrect because only approximately 15 weeks passed between when the film was acquired and when it was released. It may be difficult for the model to do the math. +" Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over ""Nazarenes"" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards. Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who? ",Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who?, the emperor of Rome +"Reflect on the information in: 'Bucklow Rural District was, from 1894 to 1974, a local government district in the north of the administrative county of Cheshire, England. Following the Local Government Act 1972, this rural district was split between the new Greater Manchester boroughs of Trafford and Manchester, and Macclesfield, which was retained in Cheshire.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Bucklow Rural District has a population.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Bucklow Rural District has a population.,{ neutral } Bucklow Rural District must have a population if it is named location and not a historical site. +"Using the premise: 'Now, I don't have time to preside over a deposition at this late date. And I know that you respect that. You're experienced counsel and you know that. I do know from my private practice experience that I was extremely loathed to get a judge on the telephone in mid-deposition. That could be one of the most unhappy experiences that a lawyer would have.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Speaker is a lawyer' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Speaker is a lawyer,{ neutral } The speaker says they are a lawyer and got a call from a judge in mid-deposition. +"Consider the premise in: 'The Vienna State Opera (German: Wiener Staatsoper ) is an Austria opera house and opera company based in Vienna, Austria. It was originally called the Vienna Court Opera (Wiener Hofoper). In 1920, with the replacement of the Habsburg Monarchy by the First Austrian Republic, it was renamed the Vienna State Opera. The members of the Vienna Philharmonic are recruited from its orchestra.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Philharmonic members are the only ones recruited' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Philharmonic members are the only ones recruited,{ neutral } it states in the last sentence that Philharmonic members are recruited +" Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, to 12,200,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacteria Sorangium cellulosum. Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia are a notable exception to this arrangement, with bacteria such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, containing a single linear chromosome. The genes in bacterial genomes are usually a single continuous stretch of DNA and although several different types of introns do exist in bacteria, these are much rarer than in eukaryotes. How does chromosome of Borrelia burgdoferi look like? ",How does chromosome of Borrelia burgdoferi look like?, single linear chromosome +" As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The kozane were made from either iron or leather and were bound together into small strips, the strips were coated with lacquer to protect the kozane from water. A series of strips of kozane were then laced together with silk or leather lace and formed into a complete chest armor (dou or dō). What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century? ",What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century?, a form of lamellar armor +"Using the premise: 'The Peace Palace (Dutch: ""Vredespaleis"" ; ] ) is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Peace Palace contains a room where books are kept, as well as other legal administrative offices and courts. ' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","The Peace Palace contains a room where books are kept, as well as other legal administrative offices and courts. ","{ neutral } The statement is indeed definitely correct, but the word Library was referred to as a room where books are kept. I think this is what fooled the system as it could not make the connection leading to doubt." +" The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple, that stood in Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means ""wood"" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means ""covered shelter"". This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood, and used no iron nails nor supports. According to legend, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015. What is the English translation of Mandap? ",What is the English translation of Mandap?, covered shelter +" Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to ""all samurai, regardless of rank"" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to ""...grasp the long and the short swords and to die"". He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics, especially those related to loyalty and filial piety. He is best known for his quote: ""If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily, it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death. Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one's mind well."" What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day? ",What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day?, Bushido +" There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically. What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration? ",What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?, aspiration modifier +"Analyze the premise: 'Gulf Air (Arabic: طيران الخليج‎ ‎ ""Ṭayarān al-Khalīj"") is the principal flag carrier of Bahrain. Headquartered in Muharraq, adjacent to Bahrain International Airport, the airline operates scheduled services to 41 destinations in 23 countries across Africa, Asia and Europe. Its main base is Bahrain International Airport.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Bahrain International Airport is in Ṭayarān al-Khalīj.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bahrain International Airport is in Ṭayarān al-Khalīj.,{ entailment } How can the airport be in the arabic term for Gulf Air? The correct answer would be it's in Muharraq or Bahrain. +" The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As a token of gratitude, between 50,000 and 70,000 Korean veterans that served in the PLA were sent back along with their weapons, and they later played a significant role in the initial invasion of South Korea. China promised to support the North Koreans in the event of a war against South Korea. The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim. What country helped North Korea invade South Korea? ",What country helped North Korea invade South Korea?, China +" The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States). When did Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days? ",When did Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days?, 11 September 2014 +" Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic. Boolean logic consists of what? ",Boolean logic consists of what?," AND, OR, XOR, and NOT " +"Analyze the premise: 'Gálveztown was the HMS ""West Florida"", which the Continental Navy schooner USS ""Morris"" captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. ""West Florida"" became the Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The HMS West Florida, was a British ship' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The HMS West Florida, was a British ship","{ contradiction } The Statement mentions that the HMS West Florida was in the British Provence of West Florida when it was captured, HMS also stands for Her Majesties Ship" +" The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates. The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? ",The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?, cerebral cortex +" Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the 15th-century Ars moriendi and block books, Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and William Hogarth's 17th-century sequential engravings, amongst others.[b] In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics? ","In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics?", Lascaux cave paintings +" Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia. What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920? ",What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?, independent republic +"Examine the premise: 'John Matoian (born 1949) is a businessman and television industry executive. He was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division. He later became the president of Entertainment at Fox Broadcasting in September 1995. In 1996 he became the president of HBO.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'John Matoian was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",John Matoian was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old.,{ contradiction } John Matoian may be the vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old as age is not mentioned in the context. This may be correct or incorrect. It was difficult for the system to predict as the year or any other clue is not given in the context. +" Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends. What does the Queen stand on during Investitures? ",What does the Queen stand on during Investitures?, the throne dais +"Given the premise: 'Michelle R. Paige Paterson (born April 1, 1961 in Fairfield, California) was the First Lady of New York state. The wife of New York Governor David Paterson, she became the First Lady on March 17, 2008, when her husband was sworn in as governor, following the resignation of Eliot Spitzer. Paige Paterson is the first African American First Lady in New York's history.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611,{ entailment } It is stated that Michelle R. Paige Paterson is born in 1961 but my statement says Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611. I think it was difficult for the system because there was an extra 1. +"Examine the premise: 'The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team represent Youngstown State University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They are led by third year head coach Bo Pelini and play their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They are a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team seems to have completed the season' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team seems to have completed the season,{ neutral } system misses the context +"Using the premise: 'Andrei Olegovich Minenkov (Russian: Андрей Олегович Миненков ; born 6 December 1954) is a Russian retired ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union. With partner and wife Irina Moiseeva, he is the 1976 Olympic silver medalist, 1980 Olympic bronze medalist, and two-time world champion (1975 and 1977).' , decide if the conclusion: 'There was a world championship for ice dancing in 1954.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",There was a world championship for ice dancing in 1954.,"{ contradiction } Reason: There's no information as to when the ice dancing world championship started, or what years it happened. Why: Andrei's birth is the only thing mentioned in 1954." +" The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank.[citation needed] Relations with Russia have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation. Relations with China have also improved considerably. In 2014, Egypt and China have established a bilateral ""comprehensive strategic partnership"". After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? ","After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with?", Russia +" Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Junosza). What was very important to the polish nobility? ",What was very important to the polish nobility?, Coats of arms +" The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elaborated them into new forms, which resulted in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity. Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore, the empire has been described as a Persianate empire. Intercultural marriages also played their part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture. When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear. The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate? ",The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate?, Sultanate of Rum +"Examine the premise: 'The following is a list of the film and television appearances of American actress Marlee Matlin. Matlin, who had previously acted in stage productions, made her screen debut as the female lead in the 1986 film ""Children of a Lesser God"", for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Marlee Matlin had never appeared in a film before 1986.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Marlee Matlin had never appeared in a film before 1986.,{ contradiction } Marlee Matlin made her screen debut in 1986 therefore she could not have appeared in a film before that date. Perhaps the model could not tell that screen debut meant TV or film. +" It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region. When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? ",When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?, 710 +" ""The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs"" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression ""in the doghouse"" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced. When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? ",When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?, 1980s +"Given the premise: 'Boredom on the internet has led to the creation of yet another meme, this time revolving around Naruto‘s Sasuke and the way in which Twitter places two images next to each other in a tweet. The original image on which the meme is based on, with Sasuke being choked by his older brother: The meme that ensued:' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'People on the internet are bored' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",People on the internet are bored,{ entailment } People are not always bored on the internet +" Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum). The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place. Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family. Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.). What family would you find cherries in? ",What family would you find cherries in?, Rosaceae +" While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of steel in decent quantities did not occur until the introduction of blister steel during the Middle Ages. This method introduced carbon by heating wrought iron in charcoal for long periods of time, but the penetration of carbon was not very deep, so the alloy was not homogeneous. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman began melting blister steel in a crucible to even out the carbon content, creating the first process for the mass production of tool steel. Huntsman's process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the early 1900s. When did iron start to become melted by people? ",When did iron start to become melted by people?, Middle Ages +" A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates. Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located? ",Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?, between its plates +" A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps. What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament? ",What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament?, an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode +"Considering the context: 'Anschluss (] 'joining') is the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The word's German spelling, until the German orthography reform of 1996, was Anschluß and it was also known as the Anschluss Österreichs ( , German: ""Austrian Annexation"" ).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Germany is not a city' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Germany is not a city,"{ contradiction } Germany is a country, not a city" +" By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe. In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal? ",In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?, 1944 +"Given the premise: 'The debate on the bill is whether a proper balance is being struck between the rights of the accused and the rights of society as represented by law enforcement agencies charged with the responsibility and duty to bring criminals to justice, investigate crimes and have a sufficiently strong record in terms of success that it would be a deterrent to those who plan and commit premeditated acts against an individual.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The bill is being debated because vigilante justice is taking over society' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The bill is being debated because vigilante justice is taking over society,{ neutral } The bill is being debated because law enforcement hates puppies +"Using the premise: 'Libya's case against Britain and the US concerns the dispute over their demand for extradition of Libyans charged with blowing up a Pan Am jet over Lockerbie in 1988.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Libya has held it's case against Britain and the US for extradition of Libyans regarding destruction of a Pan Am jet for over 52 years.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Libya has held it's case against Britain and the US for extradition of Libyans regarding destruction of a Pan Am jet for over 52 years.,{ neutral } If the Pan Am jet was blown up in 1988 then the case for extradition on such charges cannot have been made more than roughly 30 years ago. +"Examine the information in 'Hundreds of ancient stone religious monuments lie on the island of Java. Known as ""candi"" in Indonesian, they date from the early classical period of Javanese civilisation, beginning in the first part of the 8th century CE and ending after 900 CE. The majority were built between 780 CE and 860 CE, even though the civilisation that created them existed for many centuries.' Is the statement: 'The Javanese stone monuments were not discovered until well after 1000 CE.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Javanese stone monuments were not discovered until well after 1000 CE.,"{ contradiction } It was not mentioned in the statement when the monuments were discovered, so the statement may or may not be correct." +" The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire ""aerials"". Marconi discovered that by raising the ""aerial"" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals. What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission? ",What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission?," raising the ""aerial"" wire " +" After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greco-Macedonian colonization, spanning as far as modern-day Pakistan. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, and a departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards ""barbarian"" cultures. The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific ""mother city"". The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon, Rhodes, and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia, Antioch, Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum. This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world. What was the new, Attic-based dialect called? ","What was the new, Attic-based dialect called?", Koine Greek +" The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series. When were the actors in Spectre announced? ",When were the actors in Spectre announced?, December 2014 +"Given the premise: 'Car Emergency
Sam spent his summer working for his uncle. He spent all of his money on video games. One day his car broke down and he couldn't afford to fix it! He sold all of his games to one of his friends and got his car fixed. From then on out, he would always save money for emergencies.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Sam has many new video games.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Sam has many new video games.,{ neutral } He spent his money on video games. +" A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script. The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic? ",The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?, the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue +"Considering the context: 'Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko (Russian: Серге́й Владиленович Пономаренко ; born October 6, 1960) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union and the Unified team. With skating partner and wife Marina Klimova, he is the 1992 Olympic champion, 1988 Olympic silver medalist, 1984 Olympic bronze medalist, three-time World champion, and four-time European champion.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko is likely still alive' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko is likely still alive,"{ neutral } no death date mentioned, person is likley still alive" +" There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The second is the information-processing perspective, which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process. The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what? ",The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what?, artificial intelligence +" For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust. What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? ",What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? , carbon dioxide and water +" Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals. Who studied the shapes of crystals? ",Who studied the shapes of crystals? , Leonhard Euler +" In April 2005, Comcast and Time Warner Cable announced plans to buy the assets of bankrupted Adelphia Cable. The two companies paid a total of $17.6 billion in the deal that was finalized in the second quarter of 2006—after the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed a seven-month investigation without raising an objection. Time Warner Cable became the second largest cable provider in the U.S., ranking behind Comcast. As part of the deal, Time Warner and Comcast traded existing subscribers in order to consolidate them into larger geographic clusters. When was this deal finalized? ",When was this deal finalized?, second quarter of 2006 +" Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used as sheet metal and for methods such as deep drawing, roll forming or bending, zinc alloys with titanium and copper are used. Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes. What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys? ",What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?, cold-rolled into sheets +"Using the premise: 'How to handle a lupus flare
Get enough sleep. One of the known symptoms of a lupus flare is fatigue. A person suffering from a lupus flare needs adequate rest to overcome their symptoms and go about their daily activities.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Fatigue is not the only symptom of lupus flare.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Fatigue is not the only symptom of lupus flare.,"{ neutral } The text says ONE OF the known symptoms of a lupus flare is fatigue, so it is not the only symptom. The word ""only"" maybe confused the model since it is an absolute term." +" Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism. The energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. Photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues. Respiration is the oxidation of carbon compounds by breaking them down into simpler structures to release the energy they contain, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis. What is the basis of plant physiology? ",What is the basis of plant physiology?, internal chemical and physical activities +"Consider the premise in: 'The 5th Monkey is a 1990 drama film starring Ben Kingsley. The film was directed and written by Eric Rochat; based on the novel ""Le Cinquieme Singe"" by Jacques Zibi. The Cannon Group founder Menahem Golan produced via his 21st Century Film Corporation, following the demise of Cannon.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The 5th Monkey was produced through 21st Century Film, not The Cannon Group.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","The 5th Monkey was produced through 21st Century Film, not The Cannon Group.",{ contradiction } It was stated in the column. Maybe it was hard because the titles of the companies. +" In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. When did the reference Catelaner first appear? ",When did the reference Catelaner first appear?, mid 14th century +" There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed] What is the name of the Spinifex people? ",What is the name of the Spinifex people?, Pila Nguru +"Given the premise: 'Weldon Township is a civil township of Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 542 at the 2010 census. The township is in the south central portion of the county. One half of the village of Thompsonville is located in the township. The census-designated place of Crystal Mountain, containing the Crystal Mountain Resort, is in the southern part of the township.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Weldon Township is a civil township located in the southern part of the U.S.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Weldon Township is a civil township located in the southern part of the U.S.,"{ entailment } It is incorrect because Weldon Township is located in the U.S. state Michigan, which is not in the southern part of the U.S. It may have been difficult for the systems due to its relation to other similarly worded facts." +"Using the premise: 'Thomasin ""Tom"" McKenzie (born 2000) is a New Zealand teen actress. Most well known for playing Pixie Hannah in ""Shortland Street"", she has also starred in """" as Astrid, in ""Lucy Lewis Can't Lose"" as Lucy Lewis, and in webseries ""Bright Summer Night"" as Petra Quince. She will also have a leading role in upcoming American film ""My Abandonment"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Thomasin ""Tom"" McKenzie is 15 years old' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Thomasin ""Tom"" McKenzie is 15 years old",{ neutral } She is 19 +"Considering the context: 'The Battle of Maldon is the name given to an Old English poem of uncertain date celebrating the real Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. Only 325 lines of the poem are extant; both the beginning and the ending are lost.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Battle of Maldon was a commercial failure' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Battle of Maldon was a commercial failure,{ contradiction } The Battle of Maldon is popular today +"Given the premise: 'Stephan Lichtsteiner (born 16 January 1984) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays for Italian club Juventus and the Switzerland national team. An attacking right-back or wing-back, he is known for his energetic runs down the right wing, as well as his stamina and athleticism, which earned him the nicknames ""Forrest Gump"" and ""The Swiss Express"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Football is played mainly with one's feet.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Football is played mainly with one's feet.,"{ entailment } Football as European countries refer to it is what Americans of the USA refer to as soccer, which is a sport mainly involved with kicking a ball with one's feet. Football as Americans of the USA refer to it is a sport mainly concerned with carrying the ball instead of kicking it." +" There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use. According to Professor Bernard M. Levinson, ""This legislation was so utopian in its own time that it seems never to have been implemented...."" The Deuteronomic social vision may have influenced opponents of the divine right of kings, including Bishop John Ponet in sixteenth-century England. What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices? ",What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices?, Bible +"Based on the details provided in: '""Tequila"" is a 1958 Latin-flavored rock and roll instrumental recorded by the Champs. It is based on a Cuban mambo beat. The word ""Tequila"" is spoken three times throughout the tune. ""Tequila"" became a #1 hit on both the pop and R&B charts at the time of its release and continues to be strongly referenced in pop culture to this day.' , determine if the claim: '""Tequilla"" has few words in it. ' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Tequilla"" has few words in it. ","{ contradiction } The lyrics for ""Tequila"" consist of the word Tequila said only three times. " +"Given the context: 'The Israeli army forces carried out, on Saturday, a widespread military operation into the West Bank town of Jenin and its refugee camp, local Palestinian sources said.' , classify the statement: 'The Israeli Army is active on weekends' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Israeli Army is active on weekends,{ neutral } Saturday is part of the weekend. I think the system got it wrong because I used unfamiliar phrasing +"Consider the premise in: 'NBA 2K9 is a basketball simulation video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports. It is the tenth installment in the ""NBA 2K"" franchise and the successor to ""NBA 2K8"". It was released in 2008 for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. Kevin Garnett is the cover athlete of the game. ""NBA 2K9"" is the predecessor to ""NBA 2K10"" in the ""NBA 2K"" series.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There were 4 ways to play NBA 2K9' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",There were 4 ways to play NBA 2K9,"{ neutral } ps2, ps3, xbobx 360, pc" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Michael Blodgett (September 26, 1939 – November 14, 2007) was an American actor, novelist, and screenwriter. Of his many film and television appearances he is best known for his performance as gigolo Lance Rocke in Russ Meyer's 1970 cult classic ""Beyond the Valley of the Dolls"". He retired from acting in the late 1970s and began a writing career.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Blodgett was born in the ninth month.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Blodgett was born in the ninth month.,{ contradiction } September is the ninth month. The system was confused by the context. +"Given the premise: 'Kisimul Castle (Scottish Gaelic: ""Caisteal Chiosmuil"" ) and also known as Kiessimul Castle, is a small medieval castle located on a small island off Castlebay, Barra, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. It gets its name from the Gaelic ""cìosamul"" meaning ""castle island"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Kisimul Castle takes up the entire land mass of the island its on.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Kisimul Castle takes up the entire land mass of the island its on.,{ contradiction } The passage just says the island is located on a small island. The castle could take up all the land on that small island or it could just be a small fortress that takes up a portion of the land. +" Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even allow bacteria to survive exposure to the vacuum and radiation in space. According to scientist Dr. Steinn Sigurdsson, ""There are viable bacterial spores that have been found that are 40 million years old on Earth — and we know they're very hardened to radiation."" Endospore-forming bacteria can also cause disease: for example, anthrax can be contracted by the inhalation of Bacillus anthracis endospores, and contamination of deep puncture wounds with Clostridium tetani endospores causes tetanus. How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state? ",How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state?, for millions of years +" Small-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of global gold production comes from artisanal mines. In west Africa, in countries such as Mali - the third largest exporter of gold in Africa - between 20,000 and 40,000 children work in artisanal mining. Locally known as orpaillage, children as young as 6 years old work with their families. These children and families suffer chronic exposure to toxic chemicals including mercury, and do hazardous work such as digging shafts and working underground, pulling up, carrying and crushing the ore. The poor work practices harm the long term health of children, as well as release hundreds of tons of mercury every year into local rivers, ground water and lakes. Gold is important to the economy of Mali and Ghana. For Mali, it is the second largest earner of its export revenue. For many poor families with children, it is the primary and sometimes the only source of income. What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali? ",What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali?, primary and sometimes the only source of income +" Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title. Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup> ",Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup>, Birmingham City +"Examine the premise: 'With respect to the point that you made as it relates to their testimony at trial, that is a very valid point. However, I will tell you that the sense of my opinion as it related to their deposition testimony and as reconsidered and as honed in the reconsideration, was that it was meant to apply -- the general thrust of that, the protections, if you will, in that opinion were meant to apply in the same sense to their testimony at trial, if they chose to testify, and they would be protected in every way by the Court, and they would not be questioned in the broader sense.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The defendant in the case was not protected by the courts, as originally agreed upon.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The defendant in the case was not protected by the courts, as originally agreed upon.","{ contradiction } There was a sense that it was determined that those involved would be protected, but there is a possibility that a defendant was not given the same right." +" The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982. BYU's Ballroom dance team has won first place in Latin or Standard (or both) many times when they have competed at the Blackpool Dance Festival, and they were the first U.S. team to win the formation championships at the famed British Championships in Blackpool, England in 1972 . The NDCA National DanceSport championships have been held at BYU for several years, and BYU holds dozens of ballroom dance classes each semester and is consequently the largest collegiate ballroom dance program in the world. In addition, BYU has a number of other notable dance teams and programs. These teams include the Theatre Ballet, Contemporary Dance Theatre, Living Legends, and International Folk Dance Ensemble. The Living Legends perform Latin, Native American, and Polynesian dancing. BYU boasts one of the largest dance departments in the nation. Many students from all different majors across campus participate in various dance classes each semester. How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide? ",How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide?, the largest +"With the given context: 'The sale was made to pay Yukos' US$ 27.5 billion tax bill, Yuganskneftegaz was originally sold for US$9.4 billion to a little known company Baikalfinansgroup which was later bought by the Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The sale was made to pay Yuganskneftegaz's US$ 27.5 billion tax bill' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The sale was made to pay Yuganskneftegaz's US$ 27.5 billion tax bill,"{ entailment } The sale was made to pay Yukos' tax bill, not Yuganskneftegaz's. The system could not " +"Given the premise: 'The Pasco County Courthouse (constructed in 1909) is a historic site in Dade City, Florida, located at 37918 Meridian Avenue. It was designed by noted architect Edward Columbus Hosford in the Classical Revival style. On September 20, 2006, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed the year after 1908.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed the year after 1908.,{ contradiction } The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed in 1909. The system was confused by the year. +"Using the premise: 'Mark Dymond (born 1974, Wimbledon, London) is an English actor of Irish descent. In addition to appearances in films, he is known as Dr. Lorcan O'Brien, a major character in the 2007–2009 seasons of the TV drama series ""The Clinic"", among other TV shows. He married actress Jo Bourne-Taylor in 2004.' , decide if the conclusion: 'In the 21st century, Jo Bourne-Taylor marries an actor.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","In the 21st century, Jo Bourne-Taylor marries an actor.",{ contradiction } It is definitely correct as Mark Dymond marries Jo Bourne-Taylor in 2004 + Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011. How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria? ,How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?, 11% +"Based on the details provided in: 'Marion Mitchell (born 1941 in Seaham, County Durham), better known by her stage name, Janie Jones, was an English singer. She became renowned for holding sex parties at her home during the 1970s, and was jailed for her involvement in 'controlling prostitutes'. She first achieved notoriety in August 1964, when she attended the film premiere of ""London in the Raw"", wearing a topless dress.' , determine if the claim: 'Marion Mitchell was a singer that was actually imprisoned at one point in her life' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Marion Mitchell was a singer that was actually imprisoned at one point in her life,"{ neutral } It stated in her bio that she was jailed so the statement is correct, the system was probably fooled by the use of a different word" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Fabio Ochoa Vásquez (born May 2, 1957) is a former leading member of the Medellín cocaine trafficking cartel, along with his older brothers Juan David and Jorge Luis. His role briefly made him a billionaire. After serving a brief prison term in Colombia, he was arrested and extradited to the US in 1999 and is serving a 30 year term in US federal prison.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Fabio is not the older brother of Juan David.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Fabio is not the older brother of Juan David.,"{ contradiction } Fabio was in the cartel with his older brothers Juan David and Jorge Luis, so he is not the elder one. The model just went by the phrase 'older brother' but assigned it to the wrong one." +" Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m). How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia? ",How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia?," vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft " +" New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years. The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art? ",The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art?, Indian art +"Consider the premise in: 'Diego Cavalieri (born 1 December 1982) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Fluminense as a goalkeeper in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. He is of Italian ancestry and holds both an Italian and Brazilian passport. He elected to represent Brazil at international level and has thus far made 3 appearances for the national team.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Diego is a Latin American athlete.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Diego is a Latin American athlete.,{ contradiction } Diego is Brazilian which is part of Latin America and he is a footballer which is a type of athlete. I think the system had difficulty because it has trouble identifying synonymous terms. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Help ! ''
shrieked Sammy , spreading his wings and flying away just in time .
Paddy sat down and laughed until his sides ached .
`` Come make me another call someday , Sammy ! ''
he said .
`` And when you do , please bring some real news .
I know all about Old Man Coyote .
You can tell him for me that when he is planning to catch people he should be careful not to leave footprints to give himself away . ''
Sammy did n't reply .
He just sneaked off through the Green Forest , looking quite as foolish as he felt .
CHAPTER XVI Old Man Coyote is Very Crafty .' , determine if the claim: 'Sammy told Paddy something he didn't already know.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sammy told Paddy something he didn't already know.,{ entailment } The context says it was old news because Paddy knew all about Old Man Coyote. +" On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office. What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon? ",What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon?, Orsini +"Considering the context: 'It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us is a book published in 1996 by First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton. In it, Clinton presents her vision for the children of America. She focuses on the impact individuals and groups outside the family have, for better or worse, on a child's well-being, and advocates a society which meets all of a child's needs.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Individuals impact a child' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Individuals impact a child,"{ entailment } The statement says the book is about impact of individuals on children, but this does not mean they do impact children." +" Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012. When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated? ",When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated?, 27 September 2012 +" The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury. Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest? ",Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest?," Godolphin House, Jourdelay's " +" Herman Goldstine wrote: ""One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall. As far as I could tell, von Neumann was able on once reading a book or article to quote it back verbatim; moreover, he could do it years later without hesitation. He could also translate it at no diminution in speed from its original language into English. On one occasion I tested his ability by asking him to tell me how A Tale of Two Cities started. Whereupon, without any pause, he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes."" Ulam noted that von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one. What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability? ",What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability?," von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one. " +"Given the context: 'Increased liabilities will add a little to the cost of marine insurance but commercial vessels insured in mutual protection and indemnity associations will probably see no substantive increase in insurance rates because coverage already provided by mutual associations is unlimited.' , classify the statement: 'Unlimited marine insurance has a high cost differential to the price of a policy for individual commercial vessels.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Unlimited marine insurance has a high cost differential to the price of a policy for individual commercial vessels.,{ contradiction } The price is not actually listed and can't be compared with the limited evidence. +"Given the context: 'Getting Rid of a Cat
Tom hated his girlfriend's cat. He decided to get rid of it. He drove it out to a far away park and left it there. Tom acted like it ran away until it showed up again. Tom couldn't believe it found its way back.' , classify the statement: 'tom was very happy when the cat came back' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",tom was very happy when the cat came back,{ neutral } he hated the cat so he wont be happy it coming back +"From the facts presented in 'The Ferry County Carousel is an operational wooden carousel located three miles (5 km) east of the town of Republic, Washington on the Ferry County Fairgrounds. This carousel features 24 horses in two rows and is fitted with a jumping mechanism. The Ferry County Carousel is one of only seven classic wooden carousels in Washington state and possibly the oldest.' , decide if the statement: 'Republic is three miles west of the Ferry County Carousel.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Republic is three miles west of the Ferry County Carousel.,{ contradiction } The carousel is three miles east of Republic. The system was confused by the wording. +"Given the premise: 'The Auditor General, in his 1997 report, confirmed the importance of habitat restoration; yet this winter the federal government cancelled a mapping and inventory program developed on the coast to standardize essential salmon habitat mapping and inventory services and put displaced fishermen back to work.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The auditor general will get free fish for life.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The auditor general will get free fish for life.,{ contradiction } There is no knowing if he will get free fish. +" Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia. What part of the USSR did Armenia join? ",What part of the USSR did Armenia join?, the Transcaucasian SFSR +"From the information in: 'The Demand Institute is a non-profit think tank that focuses on understanding how consumer demand is evolving around the world. The Demand Institute was founded in 2012 by Mark Leiter and Jonathan Spector, and is jointly operated by The Conference Board and Nielsen and is headquartered in New York City.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Demand Institute was founded by two men.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Demand Institute was founded by two men.,"{ neutral } The statement did not give any information on the gender of the founders, but it's safe to assume that Mark and Jonathan are men's names." +" The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية‎, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون‎, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, ""Sons of Umayya""), hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15 million km2 (5.79 million square miles), making it the largest empire (in terms of area - not in terms of population) the world had yet seen, and the fifth largest ever to exist. How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size? ",How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size?, 5.79 +" The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence. Liberation is know as what? ",Liberation is know as what?, nirvāṇa +" The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; ""ack-ack"" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of ""AA""); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line ""Archibald, certainly not!""). Which country probably coined the term air defence? ",Which country probably coined the term air defence?, Britain +" The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path. What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department? ",What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department?, Chanakyapuri +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Love for Three Oranges, Op. 33, also known by its French language title L'amour des trois oranges (Russian: Любовь к трём апельсинам , ""Lyubov' k tryom apel'sinam""), is a satirical opera by Sergei Prokofiev. Its French libretto was based on the Italian play ""L'amore delle tre melarance"" by Carlo Gozzi. The opera premiered at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, on 30 December 1921.' , determine if the claim: 'The Love for Three Oranges had its premiere in september' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Love for Three Oranges had its premiere in september,{ entailment } it started in december +"With the premise: 'Pool Lesson
Kate was at her grandpa's nightclub in the afternoon. She was playing pool with her sister. But they had no idea what they were doing. Their uncle showed them how to play and told them the rules. She decided it was more fun to play her way without the rules.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kate has met with cathy' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kate has met with cathy,{ contradiction } name not mentioned +"From the facts presented in 'In the early Olympic games, athletes used to run a mile and then recite a poem. The first poet-in-residence of an English football team, Ian McMillan, remarked that football chants are like huge tribal poems. Generally, though, sport and poetry have never seemed natural companions in human enterprise. Until the New York Mets baseball team suffered in 2007 arguably the worst collapse in Major League Baseball history. To describe the anguish fans felt, The New York Times turned to a poet, Frank Messina. ""Nothing was really representing the fan's point of view,"" Messina told Wikinews reporter David Shankbone in an interview. ""There's a lot of hurting people out there who can't express what happened.""' , decide if the statement: 'Poetry has been involve din sports for many years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Poetry has been involve din sports for many years.,"{ contradiction } It said that it was in the Early Olympics, which was many years ago, as well as in modern times with baseball. So it has to be true that it has been many years. " +" Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state. What percentage of voters supported statehood? ",What percentage of voters supported statehood?, 61% +" Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation. When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated? ",When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?," May 2, 2014 " +"Examine the premise: 'Flying!
Lucy dreamed to fly over the ocean. She took a plane but couldn't feel the wind and was disappointed. She decided to go to the beach and try to do some parasailing. Five hundred feet above the ocean, she felt the wind. She was very happy and spread her arms very wide.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Lucy is very smart for believing that she could feel the wind while being inside of a plane.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Lucy is very smart for believing that she could feel the wind while being inside of a plane.,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely incorrect because no one in their mind who thinks that taking a plane would enable them to feel the wind somehow, and someone who does would not be considered as ""very smart"". I think the system got it wrong because it thinks that intelligence cannot be determined based on a person's belief to feel the wind while being inside of a plane. " +" The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain. Why were early mammals active at night? ",Why were early mammals active at night?, reptiles slept +" Notwithstanding these technical and commercial successes on the Macintosh platform, their systems remained fairly expensive, making them less competitive in light of the falling costs of components that made IBM PC compatibles cheaper and accelerated their adoption. In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins. Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the significantly costlier Macintosh. Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers; at one point the product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. Who was Allan Loren? ",Who was Allan Loren?, Apple USA head +" In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women. What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education? ",What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?, 39.2% +" Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene. The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2. When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? ","When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?", yellow glass +" Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries. What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production? ",What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?, the Netherlands +"Given the detailed context: 'The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7, 2012. It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5. It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip.', judge whether the statement: 'The Apple A5X is the smallest SoC ever.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Apple A5X is the smallest SoC ever.,{ contradiction } Context does not state size of chip in relation to other chips. +" Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong, Chen states that when ""the Emperor learned the actual situation of the Phachu Kargyu, the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang."" The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that ""the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor,"" while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal. How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of? ",How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of?," 1,000 households " +"Given the context: 'Paul Revere ( ; December 21, 1734 O.S.May 10, 1818) was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and Patriot in the American Revolution. He is best known for his midnight ride to alert the colonial militia in April 1775 to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, ""Paul Revere's Ride"" (1861).' , classify the statement: 'Paul Revere died young.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Paul Revere died young.,"{ neutral } Paul Revere died as an old man, not a young adult. " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Battle of Maldon is the name given to an Old English poem of uncertain date celebrating the real Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. Only 325 lines of the poem are extant; both the beginning and the ending are lost.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The middle part of The Battleof Maldon is missing.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The middle part of The Battleof Maldon is missing.,"{ entailment } This statement is definitely incorrect because the passage states that only the beginning and the end are lost, so the middle of the poem still exists." +" In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers. During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention. How did Wilson recruit more qualified police? ",How did Wilson recruit more qualified police?, an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries +"With the premise: 'I agree, and this Court has -- just talking about the judgment of the Congress the 105th Congress in 1998. This is the way the argument that somehow implicitly the initial 1790 copyright statute was saying to people, you get a copyright if you exchange whatever existing rights you have. That simply does not make any sense. There is no language, and it's a relatively late-discovered argument, because it sees its full --' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The 105th Congress was responsible for the 1790 copyright statute' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The 105th Congress was responsible for the 1790 copyright statute,{ entailment } The 105th Congress was active in 1998. I think the system got it wrong because I stitched two correct concepts together. +" Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? ",What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?, Chicago +"With the given context: 'The Legendary Majik Mijits is an album that was recorded by Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane when they reformed under the name of ""Majik Mijits"" in 1981 and gave a one-off concert at the Bridgehouse pub in East London. The lineup included Jim Leverton, Mick Green, Mick Weaver, Dave Hynes and Sam Brown.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane conspired against each other.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane conspired against each other.,"{ contradiction } The text does not talk about their relations, so it is neither supported nor refuted." +" In 1954, Eisenhower articulated the domino theory in his outlook towards communism in Southeast Asia and also in Central America. He believed that if the communists were allowed to prevail in Vietnam, this would cause a succession of countries to fall to communism, from Laos through Malaysia and Indonesia ultimately to India. Likewise, the fall of Guatemala would end with the fall of neighboring Mexico. That year the loss of North Vietnam to the communists and the rejection of his proposed European Defence Community (EDC) were serious defeats, but he remained optimistic in his opposition to the spread of communism, saying ""Long faces don't win wars"". As he had threatened the French in their rejection of EDC, he afterwards moved to restore West Germany, as a full NATO partner. What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala? ",What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala?, Mexico +" Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus. Who killed Ali? ",Who killed Ali?, Kharijite partisan +" Maternal factors also play a role in the body’s immune response. At birth, most of the immunoglobulin present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA don’t cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Some IgA is provided by breast milk. These passively-acquired antibodies can protect the newborn for up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity. These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates. Between six to nine months after birth, a child’s immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins, but there is usually no marked improvement in their response to polysaccharides until they are at least one year old. This can be the reason for distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules. In babies, what is another element impacting immune response? ","In babies, what is another element impacting immune response?", Maternal factors +"From the information in: 'Elia Kazan (born Elias Kazantzoglou September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was a Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor, described by ""The New York Times"" as ""one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Eliz Kazan lived to be 101 years old before she passed away.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Eliz Kazan lived to be 101 years old before she passed away.,"{ neutral } The context specifically gives her date of death, which is prior to being 100." +"With the given context: 'The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (or VW ""Typ 1J"") is a compact car, the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. Launched in October 1997, it was the best selling car in Europe in 2001 (though it slipped to second place, behind the Peugeot 206, in 2002).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'In 2002 the Peugeot 206 was the best selling car in Europe.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",In 2002 the Peugeot 206 was the best selling car in Europe.,"{ contradiction } Per the passage, the Volkswagen golf slipped to second place behind the Peugeot 206 in 2002. In parenthesis it is stated it slipped behind, the Peugeot, thus making the Peugeot number one." +" Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength. What category of trees show this difference greatly? ",What category of trees show this difference greatly?, coniferous +" As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India; reorganized the army and the navy; restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal. With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with? ",With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with?, British +" Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of its sections (Corinthians, Thessalonians, Philippians, Revelation of St. John of Patmos) attest to the importance of churches in Greece in early Christianity. Nevertheless, much of Greece clung tenaciously to paganism, and ancient Greek religious practices were still in vogue in the late 4th century AD, when they were outlawed by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 391-392. The last recorded Olympic games were held in 393, and many temples were destroyed or damaged in the century that followed. In Athens and rural areas, paganism is attested well into the sixth century AD and even later. The closure of the Neoplatonic Academy of Athens by the emperor Justinian in 529 is considered by many to mark the end of antiquity, although there is evidence that the Academy continued its activities for some time after that. Some remote areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remained pagan until well into the 10th century AD. Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor? ",Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor?, Theodosius I +" Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called ""the Lower 48"". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system. What are the contiguous states sometimes called? ",What are the contiguous states sometimes called?," ""the Lower 48"" " +"Given the premise: 'The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 New Zealand-American epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–1955). It is the first installment in ""The Lord of the Rings series"", and was followed by """" (2002) and """" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of ""The Lord of the Rings"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has acting.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has acting.,{ neutral } The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has a plot. +"With the premise: 'Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, {'1': "", '2': "", '3': "", '4': ""} (3 July 1870 – 26 June 1947), was a Canadian politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada, in office from 1930 to 1935. He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Richard Bedford Bennett served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada for five years. He also led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. ' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Richard Bedford Bennett served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada for five years. He also led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. ,{ neutral } both statements are true but are in different parts of the paragraph. I also wrote two sentences which may have threw it off. +"Examine the information in 'A brown field is an abandoned industrial site that just sits idle in some of our urban centers. And people are willing to invest capital in the brown fields don't want to do so for fear of lawsuit. I think we ought to have federal liability protection, depending upon whether or not standards have been met.' Is the statement: 'A brown field was used once for something quite productive' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A brown field was used once for something quite productive,"{ neutral } Industry is productive by nature, system assumes otherwise" +"With the given context: 'Simon Ambrose was the 2007 winner of the third series of the British version of reality TV show ""The Apprentice"", in which contestants compete for a £100,000-a-year job working for British business magnate Sir Alan Sugar. He is now Chairman of the London Contemporary Orchestra.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Simon Ambrose was on television prior to her role on the apprentice' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Simon Ambrose was on television prior to her role on the apprentice,"{ entailment } There was no data provided that this person was necessarily on the apprentice, but the system seems to think that this was the case" +"From the facts presented in 'Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; its manor house is now a venue for special events.' , decide if the statement: 'The barn is occassionaly staged for photo shoots.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The barn is occassionaly staged for photo shoots.,{ contradiction } The context does not say if there is a barn or what it might be used for. Maybe I'm straying too far into the ridiculous for the AI to keep up. +" Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'. How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association? ",How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?, two +" Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis. How did Armando Dias die? ",How did Armando Dias die?, electric shock +" In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Godskitchen superclub brand also began in the midst of the early 90's rave scene. After initially hosting small nights in Cambridge and Northampton, the associated events scaled up in Milton Keynes, Birmingham and Leeds. A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90's. In New York, bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house's international influence. Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb's ""Little Fluffy Clouds"" (with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones) and the Happy Mondays' ""Wrote for Luck"" (""WFL"") which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke. who transformed happy mondays' ""wrote for luck"" into a dance hit? ","who transformed happy mondays' ""wrote for luck"" into a dance hit?", Vince Clarke +"Reflect on the information in: 'Bianca Gascoigne (born 28 October 1986) is a British glamour model and television personality. She is the daughter of Sheryl Gascoigne, and adopted daughter of Paul Gascoigne, a former footballer. She has a brother Mason and a half-brother Regan Gascoigne. She came sixth in the nineteenth series of Channel 5 reality show ""Celebrity Big Brother"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'She was born the 10th month of the year' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",She was born the 10th month of the year,"{ contradiction } The 10th month of the year is October, the month she was born." +"Consider the premise in: 'Niamh Wilson ( born March 9, 1997) is a Canadian film and television actress from Oakville, Ontario, known for her role as Corbett in Saw III, reprised in Saw V; the Canadian horror film ""The Marsh"" (2006); and the title role in the Family Channel series ""Debra!""' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Niamh Wilson's 1st title role was in the Family Channel series ""Debra""' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Niamh Wilson's 1st title role was in the Family Channel series ""Debra""","{ contradiction } She played the title role in the Family Channel series ""Debra"" and other movies but it doesn't state which one was her first title role." +" Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev removed Rafiq Nishonov as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR and replaced him with Karimov, who went on to lead Uzbekistan as a Soviet Republic and subsequently as an independent state. Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? ",Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? , Rafiq Nishonov +"Examine the information in 'The Istanbul University Observatory (Turkish: ""İstanbul Üniversitesi Gözlemevi"" ) is a ground-based astronomical observatory operated by the Astronomy and Space Sciences Department at Istanbul University's Faculty of Science. Established in 1936, it is situated next to the historic Beyazıt Tower within the main campus of the university at Beyazıt Square in Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.' Is the statement: 'The Istanbul University Observatory was under construction in 1936.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Istanbul University Observatory was under construction in 1936.,{ entailment } Without the exact opening date it's impossible to determine if construction was still ongoing in 1936. +"Examine the premise: 'International Data Group, Inc. (IDG) is a Chinese-owned, American-based media, data and marketing services and venture capital organization. IDG evolved from International Data Corporation (IDC) which was founded in 1964 in Newtonville, Massachusetts, by Patrick Joseph McGovern. IDC provides market research and advisory services and is now a subsidiary of IDG.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Patrick Joseph McGovern is not Chinese.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Patrick Joseph McGovern is not Chinese.,"{ contradiction } We don't know what nationality he is, American, Chinese, or something else." +"Given the detailed context: 'Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 – April 5, 1994) was an American musician, artist, singer, songwriter, guitarist and poet. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene and grunge genre. Nirvana's debut album ""Bleach"" was released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989.', judge whether the statement: 'Cobain formed Nirvana when he was twenty years old' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cobain formed Nirvana when he was twenty years old,"{ contradiction } Cobain was born in 1967, and Nirvana was formed in 1987. Twenty years exist between these two times making my statement correct. The model might not have been able to tell apart exact numbers" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Fredrik Herman Gade was born at Frogner Manor near Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was a son of United States consul Gerhard Gade (1834–1909) and his American-born wife Helen Allyne. He was a brother of John Allyne Gade, a nephew of Fredrik Georg Gade, Sr and a first cousin of Herman Gerhard Gade and Fredrik Georg Gade, Jr.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Fredrik Herman Gade was a father' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Fredrik Herman Gade was a father,{ entailment } It never said anything about him having kids +"From the information in: 'Susan ""Dee"" Haslam is an American businesswoman, and the CEO and executive producer of the RIVR Media Companies. Dee is the owner of the Cleveland Browns, along with her husband, Jimmy Haslam. She is also part of the family ownership group of the Travel Center company Pilot Flying J.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Haslam owns more than the Browns.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Haslam owns more than the Browns.,{ neutral } Jimmy Haslam also owns a Travel Center. +"From the facts presented in 'The Mildenhall Treasure is a large hoard of masterpieces of Roman silver tableware from the 4th century AD, and by far the most valuable Roman objects artistically and by weight of bullion in Britain. It was found at West Row, near Mildenhall, Suffolk. It consists of over thirty items and includes the Great Dish weighing over 8kg alone.' , decide if the statement: 'The Great Dish weighs half of the entire Mildenhall Treasure.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Great Dish weighs half of the entire Mildenhall Treasure.,{ contradiction } The article doesn't state how much the entire treasure weighs. +"Considering the context: 'To do so requires looking beyond the legislation and the criminal justice system at ways available to our society to deal with problems such as child poverty and child abuse, which are often an underlying cause of youth crime, and to help young people not to make the kind of choices that may lead them to engage in criminal behaviour.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'All youth crime is vandalism.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",All youth crime is vandalism.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know specifically what criminal behaviour constitutes youth crime, it could be all, none, or some in regards to vandalism. Therefore, the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"Given the detailed context: 'How to drink whiskey
Pour "" two fingers "" of whiskey into a rocks or tulip glass. Rocks glasses, the classic whiskey cup, are short, round glasses made for 12-14 oz or liquid. Tulip glasses are curved wide at the bottom and thinner up top, concentrating the smells near your nose, and are used for more high-class whiskey tastings.', judge whether the statement: 'whiskey has been consumed by bart' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",whiskey has been consumed by bart,{ entailment } bart not mentioned +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Golden Gate (1986) is the first novel by poet and novelist Vikram Seth. The work is a novel in verse composed of 590 Onegin stanzas (sonnets written in iambic tetrameter, with the rhyme scheme following the ""ababccddeffegg"" pattern of ""Eugene Onegin""). It was inspired by Charles Johnston's translation of Pushkin's ""Eugene Onegin"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Golden Gate was released after 1930.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Golden Gate was released after 1930.,{ contradiction } The movie was released in 1986 which is after 1930 for sure. I think the system has a hard time grasping the concept of time. +"Consider the premise in: 'Someone like You is a 2001 romantic comedy film, based on Laura Zigman's novel ""Animal Husbandry"" which tells of a heartbroken woman who is looking for the reason she was dumped. The film stars Ashley Judd, Greg Kinnear, Hugh Jackman, Marisa Tomei and Ellen Barkin and was directed by Tony Goldwyn.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Someone like You was not released one year after Y2K' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Someone like You was not released one year after Y2K,{ entailment } system didnot recognize Y2K as meaning the year 2000 +" The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple (r. 898–922) to settle in what became Normandy.[Q] The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under continual Magyar assault until the invader's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms. In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? ",In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?, Normandy +" The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was ""the great white race"", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to ""The Problem of the Nearer East,"" which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man: In whose works were the great whites appearing? ",In whose works were the great whites appearing?, James Henry Breasted +" By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well. What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target? ",What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target?, trigonometry +"Using the premise: 'Charlie Chan in Honolulu is a 1938 American film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone, starring Sidney Toler as the fictional Chinese-American detective Charlie Chan. The film is the first appearance of both Toler as Chan and Victor Sen Yung as ""number two son"" Jimmy.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Charlie Chan is an American Film starring Charlie Chan.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Charlie Chan is an American Film starring Charlie Chan.,"{ entailment } The statement is incorrect because Charlie Chan is the name of the character, the film actually stars Sidney Toler. The system was most likely confused because the name of the character and starring actor got mixed up. " +" During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes. What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service? ",What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service?, a segment on 60 Minutes +" By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century. People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement? ",People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?, the Great Migration +" The British recognised the need for anti-aircraft capability a few weeks before World War I broke out; on 8 July 1914, the New York Times reported that the British government had decided to 'dot the coasts of the British Isles with a series of towers, each armed with two quick-firing guns of special design,' while 'a complete circle of towers' was to be built around 'naval installations' and 'at other especially vulnerable points.' By December 1914 the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) was manning AA guns and searchlights assembled from various sources at some nine ports. The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was given responsibility for AA defence in the field, using motorised two-gun sections. The first were formally formed in November 1914. Initially they used QF 1-pounder ""pom-pom"" (a 37 mm version of the Maxim Gun). Where did the New York times report say towers with guns should go? ",Where did the New York times report say towers with guns should go?, the coasts of the British Isles +"From the information in: 'Crist (Old English for ""Christ""), is the title given to a triad of Old English religious poems in the Exeter Book comprising a total of 1664 lines and dealing with Christ's Advent, Ascension and Last Judgment. It was originally thought to be one piece completed by a single author, but the poem is now broken up into three parts:' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Crist has an even number of lines.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Crist has an even number of lines.,{ contradiction } Crist has 1664 lines. The system was confused by the number. +"Consider the premise in: '""The Candidate"" is the 14th episode of the American Broadcasting Company's sixth season of the serial drama television series ""Lost"" and 117th episode overall. The episode aired on May 4, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Elizabeth Sarnoff and Jim Galasso and directed by Jack Bender. The episode is centered on Jack Shephard and John Locke.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Candidate airs in all countries on May 4, 2010.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","The Candidate airs in all countries on May 4, 2010.",{ neutral } It airs in the United States. +" Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called ""constitutional courts."" Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court? ",Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?, Senate +" In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed] What countries frowned upon this hunting? ",What countries frowned upon this hunting?, Nordic +" The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called ""kwetfwasa"". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on ""kubhula"", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill (""kushaya ematsambo"") used to determine the cause of the sickness. What is kushaya ematsambo used for? ",What is kushaya ematsambo used for?, to determine the cause of the sickness +"Using the premise: 'Imp Kerr (born June 6, 1980, Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish-French artist living in New York City, mostly known for her fake American Apparel advertisement campaign. She is The New Inquiry's creative director, and runs the blog The New Shelton Wet/Dry.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Kerr runs more than one blog.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Kerr runs more than one blog.,{ entailment } The text only mentions one blog that she runs. She may run more but the reader can not be sure from the text. I'm not sure why the system labeled this as correct. +"Consider the premise in: 'Why , Buster Bear was running away too , and he was running twice as fast as Farmer Brown 's boy !
He bumped into trees and crashed through bushes and jumped over logs , and in almost no time at all he was out of sight .
Altogether it was the most surprising thing that the little people of the Green Forest ever had seen .
-LSB- Illustration : Buster Bear was running away , too .
Page 71 . -RSB-' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The farmer's son did not outpace the bear.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The farmer's son did not outpace the bear.,"{ contradiction } I used the word ""outpace"" instead of ""outran"" or ""ran faster than"" to make it a little trickier for the AI." +" The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the beginnings of the compound tenses of Modern English. Old English verbs include strong verbs, which form the past tense by altering the root vowel, and weak verbs, which use a suffix such as -de. As in Modern English, and peculiar to the Germanic languages, the verbs formed two great classes: weak (regular), and strong (irregular). Like today, Old English had fewer strong verbs, and many of these have over time decayed into weak forms. Then, as now, dental suffixes indicated the past tense of the weak verbs, as in work and worked. What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English? ",What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?," indicative, subjunctive and imperative " +" Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London. Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery. They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and, in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science, no one else would see them again for over a century. Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria — as opposed to his famous ""animalcules"" (spermatozoa) — taken seriously. How long did it take for his discovery to be taken seriously? ",How long did it take for his discovery to be taken seriously?, over a century +"Analyze the premise: 'The Time: Night (Russian: Время ночь ) is a novella by Russian author Lyudmila Petrushevskaya. It was originally published in Russian in the literary journal ""Novy Mir"" in 1992 and translated into English by Sally Laird in 1994. In 1992 it was shortlisted for the Russian Booker Prize.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The novel ""The Time, Night"" was published in Russia, and gained American popularity in 1994.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The novel ""The Time, Night"" was published in Russia, and gained American popularity in 1994.",{ contradiction } We don't know if the book became popular. +"With the premise: 'Children enjoy Laba porridge in a temple in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu province, Jan. 24, 2018. (Photo: China News Service/ Yang Bo) Eating is a big part of the Spring Festival, and the following photos show some popular snacks in different regions during the Chinese New Year.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Chinese children like Laba porridge, but not really' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Chinese children like Laba porridge, but not really",{ neutral } This contradicts that children like Laba porridge +"From the information in: 'There are difficulties about that . ''
But difficulties only sharpened the ingenuity of this admirable king .
`` The other fellow had a Flying Horse , '' said he .
By `` the other fellow '' King Prigio meant an Italian knight , Astolfo , who , in old times , visited the moon , and there found and brought back the common sense of his friend , Orlando , as you may read in the poem of Ariosto .
`` Now , '' reasoned King Prigio , `` if there is a Flying Horse at all , he is in the stables of the King of Delhi .
I must look into this . ''' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'King Prigio does not know if there is a Flying Horse.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",King Prigio does not know if there is a Flying Horse.,"{ contradiction } The king said ""if there is a flying horse at all"" which means he does not know if there actually is one. " +" In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a ""music jukebox"", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants. What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing? ",What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing?, patent infringement +"Given the premise: 'Good is a 2008 drama film based on the stage play of the same name by C. P. Taylor. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Jason Isaacs, and Jodie Whittaker, and was directed by Vicente Amorim. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2008.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say whether C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is, although Amorim knows C. P. Taylor. " +" The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats. There are more than 25,000 matais in the country, about 5% of whom are women. The prime minister, chosen by a majority in the Fono, is appointed by the head of state to form a government. The prime minister's choices for the 12 cabinet positions are appointed by the head of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono. What position in government is chosen by Fono majority vote? ",What position in government is chosen by Fono majority vote?, prime minister +"Examine the information in 'How to use a graphic flight computer to find ground speed and true heading
Align the wind direction under the "" true index "" mark by rotating the azimuth plate. If the winds are from 330 ° at 20 knots, align 330 under the true index. Align the grid so the center grommet is over one of the heavy lines.' Is the statement: 'ground speed and true heading can are best found with a graphic flight computer' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",ground speed and true heading can are best found with a graphic flight computer,"{ entailment } The context only states it is a way to do measure flight speed, not that is the best. There might be a better method. The system could likely not interpret the use of the word best as meaning the top method. " +"From the facts presented in 'Miss Robin Crusoe is a 1954 Eastmancolor adventure film directed by Eugene Frenke, starring Amanda Blake, George Nader and Rosalind Hayes. One of many film variations of ""Robinson Crusoe"", it features a female castaway. The film was shot on location in Palos Verdes, California.' , decide if the statement: 'Eugene is a female' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Eugene is a female,{ contradiction } We can't say if Eugene is a male or female since the name works for both +" The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data. Where was the UCR created? ",Where was the UCR created?, 1920s +" There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for ""I do not allow""), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik. What is is called to nullify proceedings? ",What is is called to nullify proceedings?, liberum veto +" Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin. It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the efforts of scientists to define their properties for human health. Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections. Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? ",Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes?, anthocyanins +" Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers. Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning. Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules? ",Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules?, mothers +" By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed] Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years? ",Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years?, 1822 and 1824 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Melissa Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers ""Looney Tunes"" and ""Merrie Melodies"" series of cartoons and the animated television series ""Baby Looney Tunes"". She is featured as main character Daffy Duck's blonde girlfriend in several cartoon shorts but is only referred to as Melissa in one, ""The Scarlet Pumpernickel"", where she is voiced by Marian Richman.' , determine if the claim: 'Daffy Duck was not voiced by Marian Richman.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Daffy Duck was not voiced by Marian Richman.,"{ contradiction } Given the context, Marian Richman voiced Melissa Duck, not Daffy. The system might have tripped over the word ""not"" in the statement." +" The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas. In what state was Gary Gilmore executed? ",In what state was Gary Gilmore executed?, Utah +" Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name ""Nintendo Advanced Video System"" likewise never materialized. By the beginning of 1985, the Famicom had sold more than 2.5 million units in Japan and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that same year. The American video game press was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, with the March 1985 issue of Electronic Games magazine stating that ""the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared"" and that ""this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part."" How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? ",How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?, 2.5 million units +" After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution. The agricultural policy favoring grain production at the expense of industrial and cash crops intensified economic hardships in the province. Mao’s self-reliance policy and the reduction in maritime trade cut off the lifelines of the port cities of Ningbo and Wenzhou. While Mao invested heavily in railroads in interior China, no major railroads were built in South Zhejiang, where transportation remained poor. When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until? ",When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until?, 1955 +"From the information in: 'SACRAMENTO (AP) _ The winning numbers in Saturday evening”s drawing of the California Lottery”s “Daily Derby” game were: 1st:6 Whirl Win-2nd:2 Lucky Star-3rd:4 Big Ben, Race Time: 1:48.57 (1st: 6 Whirl Win, 2nd: 2 Lucky Star, 3rd: 4 Big Ben; Race Time: one: 48.57) Estimated jackpot: $95,000 ¶ To win the grand prize, ticket-holders must match in exact order the winning race time and the first, second and third place horses. Lesser prizes are given to ticket-holders who correctly match other horses or race times.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Grand prize winners must correctly predict the first three horse race winners' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Grand prize winners must correctly predict the first three horse race winners,{ contradiction } That’s what the blurb says they have to do +"Examine the information in 'Crystal Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,341 at the 2000 census, an increase from 5,300 in 1990. The 2010 Census reported a population of 5,514. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.' Is the statement: 'The population in Crystal Lake was lower in 1990 than in 1983.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The population in Crystal Lake was lower in 1990 than in 1983.,"{ entailment } It's neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we don't know what the population was in 1983. I guess the system got confused because of all the dates mentioned in the text, not sure exactly why it couldn't analyze this." +"Using the premise: 'Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and later incorporated in 1646. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,201. It is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Massachusetts-New Hampshire metropolitan statistical area.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The town of Andover had a population of 33,201 from 1646 to 2010. ' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","The town of Andover had a population of 33,201 from 1646 to 2010. ","{ entailment } My statement is neither correct nor incorrect because although we know that was the population in 2010, we don't know if it was or wasn't for the years from 1646-2009. The computer thought it was correct because it is just going on the numbers." +" Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks. What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on? ",What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?, Generation Z +" The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015. Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free? ",Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?, European Union +" Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles ""Run the World (Girls)"" and ""Best Thing I Never Had"", which both attained moderate success. The fourth single ""Love on Top"" was a commercial success in the US. 4 also produced four other singles; ""Party"", ""Countdown"", ""I Care"" and ""End of Time"". ""Eat, Play, Love"", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists. In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances: the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only. Where did Beyoncé perform for four nights of standing room only concerts in 2011? ",Where did Beyoncé perform for four nights of standing room only concerts in 2011?, New York's Roseland Ballroom +" The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European balance of power established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon III, then the emperor of France, demanded compensations in Belgium and on the left bank of the Rhine to secure France's strategic position, which the Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, flatly refused. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of Germany, where it sought to incorporate the southern German kingdoms, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, into a unified Prussia-dominated Germany. France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military. What established the European balance of power in 1815? ",What established the European balance of power in 1815?, the Congress of Vienna +" By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the ""Old Confederacy"" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire. Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until? ",Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?, end of the 15th century +" Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. Apps can provide toast notifications on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use ""contracts""; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr. What are contracts? ",What are contracts?, collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps +"Examine the premise: 'Chad Smith's Bombastic Meatbats is an American instrumental funk rock band from Los Angeles, California. It consists of Red Hot Chili Peppers' drummer Chad Smith, guitarist Jeff Kollman (from Cosmosquad), bassist Kevin Chown (Uncle Kracker, Tarja Turunen), and Ed Roth (Ronnie Montrose, Gamma).' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Chad Smith's Bombastic Meatbats like red hot chili peppers' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Chad Smith's Bombastic Meatbats like red hot chili peppers,"{ entailment } It is stated that Chad Smith's Bombastic Meatbats consists of the drummer from Red Hot Chili Peppers' Chad Smith but I just said that the band likes Red Hot Chili Peppers. This is not known from the original statement. I think it was difficult for the system because the statement mentions Red Hot Chili Peppers, just not in the context I used it in." +" The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule of the local king or satrap, and often had Greek-style institutions. Greek dedications, statues, architecture and inscriptions have all been found. However, local cultures were not replaced, and mostly went on as before, but now with a new Greco-Macedonian or otherwise Hellenized elite. An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae. Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon. The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? ",The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?, Interpretatio graeca +"Consider the premise in: 'Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V. (] ); often simply known as Club Necaxa, is a Mexican football club in Liga MX based in the city of Aguascalientes. It plays in the Estadio Victoria. Necaxa is a non membership-based club, with more than 35,000 members outside Mexico.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Mexican football is like American football.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Mexican football is like American football.,{ contradiction } The content does not specify whether Mexican football and American football have anything in common. The system may have assumed that since one is Mexican and the other American that they could not be alike. +" The confusion may stem from the fact that Major League Baseball did decide that, should the Cubs make it to the World Series, the American League winner would have home field advantage unless the Cubs hosted home games at an alternate site since the Cubs home field of Wrigley Field did not yet have lights. Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox. Rather than hold any games in the cross town rival Sox Park, the Cubs made arrangements with the August A. Busch, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, to use Busch Stadium in St. Louis as the Cubs ""home field"" for the World Series. This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary. At the time home field advantage was rotated between each league. Odd numbered years the AL had home field advantage. Even numbered years the NL had home field advantage. In the 1982 World Series the St. Louis Cardinals of the NL had home field advantage. In the 1983 World Series the Baltimore Orioles of the AL had home field advantage. Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games? ",Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games?, Comiskey Park +" Matthew Arnold contrasted ""culture"" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted ""culture"" with ""the state of nature"". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between ""civilized"" and ""uncivilized."" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects. ""In a state of nature"" was divided into two groups, what where they? ","""In a state of nature"" was divided into two groups, what where they?"," ""civilized"" and ""uncivilized."" " +"With the premise: 'Bill Hargate (1935-2003) was an American costume designer, known for his work on stage and screen. He won four Emmy Awards, including one for his work on the series ""Murphy Brown."" Hargate was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1935. He attended the Goodman School of Drama in Chicago, Illinois from 1953 to 1958. Hargate died from leukemia in Los Angeles on September 12, 2003.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Bill Hargate is not known for dying from leukemia.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Bill Hargate is not known for dying from leukemia.,"{ contradiction } Bill Hargate is known for being a costume designer, not dying from leukemia. They system must have looked at the key words and missed the context." +" There is little consensus on the precise beginning of the Age of Enlightenment; the beginning of the 18th century (1701) or the middle of the 17th century (1650) are often used as epochs. French historians usually place the period, called the Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments), between 1715 and 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. If taken back to the mid-17th century, the Enlightenment would trace its origins to Descartes' Discourse on Method, published in 1637. In France, many cited the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica in 1687. It is argued by several historians and philosophers that the beginning of the Enlightenment is when Descartes shifted the epistemological basis from external authority to internal certainty by his cogito ergo sum published in 1637. As to its end, most scholars use the last years of the century, often choosing the French Revolution of 1789 or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1804–15) as a convenient point in time with which to date the end of the Enlightenment. Most scholars use the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars or which other battle as a convenient date to end the Enlightenment? ",Most scholars use the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars or which other battle as a convenient date to end the Enlightenment?, French Revolution +"Reflect on the information in: 'Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The town dates from the 8th century. Herrlisheim was the scene of very heavy fighting during ""Operation Nordwind"", an offensive launched by the German Army during World War II that inflicted considerable damage to the town.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Herrlisheim is one of the oldest French towns' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Herrlisheim is one of the oldest French towns,{ neutral } It may be one of the oldest indeed. +"From the facts presented in 'Amélie Simone Mauresmo ] (born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, and a former world No. 1. Mauresmo won two Grand Slam singles titles at the Australian Open and at Wimbledon, and also won a Silver Medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.' , decide if the statement: 'Amélie Simone Mauresmo is a French former professional titres player' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Amélie Simone Mauresmo is a French former professional titres player,{ entailment } It is stated that Amélie Simone Mauresmo is a tennis player but I put titres. It was difficult for the system because the sentence was so similar +" E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue). What is another name for Fourth Avenue? ",What is another name for Fourth Avenue?, Park +"From the information in: 'Arthur Bruce McDonald, {'1': "", '2': "", '3': "", '4': ""} (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. McDonald is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute and holds the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Arthur Bruce McDonald was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1943' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Arthur Bruce McDonald was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1943,"{ neutral } Arthur McDonald was awarded the prize in 2015, and there is no mention of him being awarded an additional Nobel Prize simply for being born." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Love in the Ring (German:Liebe im Ring) is a 1930 German sports film directed by Reinhold Schünzel and starring Max Schmeling, Renate Müller and Olga Tschechowa. Schmeling was a leading German boxer of the 1930s, and the film attempted to capitalise on this. Schmeling later appeared in another boxing-themed film in ""Knockout"" (1935).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Love in the Ring is a 1930 German sports film that is kick boxing-themed.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Love in the Ring is a 1930 German sports film that is kick boxing-themed.,"{ neutral } ""Kick"" boxing was definitely not a thing at that time, and the actual film was definitely not about kick boxing. I believe ""kick"" fooled the AI system." +" There is a close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution) while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction (by finding the symbol that compresses best, given the previous history). This equivalence has been used as a justification for using data compression as a benchmark for ""general intelligence."" What has been used as a benchmark for ""general intelligence""? ","What has been used as a benchmark for ""general intelligence""?", data compression +"From the information in: 'How to get a debit card
Gather your personal information. To open an account, you need to have some personal information before you go into the bank. You will need your social security number.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Only people taller than seven feet are allowed a debit card' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Only people taller than seven feet are allowed a debit card,{ neutral } height has no bearing on getting a debit card and is not part of criteria for a debit card. it was difficult for system because height is not a factor +"Given the premise: 'Rohan Bopanna and Eric Butorac were the defending champions, but Bopanna did not participate that year.
Butorac partnered with Scott Lipsky, but lost in the first round to Denis Istomin and Leonardo Mayer.
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan won in the final 6–4, 7–6 against Benjamin Becker and Frank Moser.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Rohan Bopanna and Eric Butorac were mortal enemies' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Rohan Bopanna and Eric Butorac were mortal enemies,{ contradiction } Rohan Bopanna and Eric Butorac secretly wanted to kill eachother +"Based on the details provided in: 'PDQ Chocolate was a popular drink mix in the 1960s and 1970s. It was manufactured by Ovaltine. It has been sold as ""PDQ Chocolate Flavor Beads"" and ""PDQ Choco Chips."" ""Egg Nog Flavored PDQ"" and ""Strawberry PDQ"" were also available. These flavored beads and chips were used to mix with milk or to sprinkle over ice cream.' , determine if the claim: 'PDQ Chocolate had many fans in the 6th and 7th decades of the 20th century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",PDQ Chocolate had many fans in the 6th and 7th decades of the 20th century.,{ neutral } PDQ Chocolate created products you could ingest. +"From the information in: '""As a parent in the Dover Area School District, I must convey my shock and utter dismay at William Buckingham's comments regarding the search for new biology texts for the high school. I am especially upset with Mr. Buckingham's comments as quoted in Wednesday's York Daily Record: 'This country wasn't founded on Muslim beliefs or evolution.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'William Buckingham is a parent in the Dover Area School District.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",William Buckingham is a parent in the Dover Area School District.,{ contradiction } Reason: It doesn't mention where Buckingham is from. Why: Both the name and the area were mentioned in teh context. +"Examine the premise: 'Robert Bernard Reich ( ; born June 24, 1946) is an American political commentator, professor, and author. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'He did not write a lot of books.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",He did not write a lot of books.,{ contradiction } It never said how many books he wrote. +"From the facts presented in 'Hyams Beach is a seaside village in the City of Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia, on the shores of Jervis Bay. At the 2016 census , it had a population of 112. The village, 180 km south of Sydney, is bordered by 2 beaches, Chinaman's Beach to the north and Seaman's Beach (sometimes referred to as ""Sailors Beach"") to the south. Hyams Beach is the beach in the centre.' , decide if the statement: 'Hyams Beach has a medium sized population.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Hyams Beach has a medium sized population.,{ neutral } A population of 112 is not medium sized. +" With the building of Christian basilicas in the late 4th century, wall and ceiling mosaics were adopted for Christian uses. The earliest examples of Christian basilicas have not survived, but the mosaics of Santa Constanza and Santa Pudenziana, both from the 4th century, still exist. The winemaking putti in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza still follow the classical tradition in that they represent the feast of Bacchus, which symbolizes transformation or change, and are thus appropriate for a mausoleum, the original function of this building. In another great Constantinian basilica, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved. The so-called Tomb of the Julii, near the crypt beneath St Peter's Basilica, is a 4th-century vaulted tomb with wall and ceiling mosaics that are given Christian interpretations. The Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, converted into a Christian church during the course of the 4th century, was embellished with very high artistic quality mosaics. Only fragments survive of the original decoration, especially a band depicting saints with hands raised in prayer, in front of complex architectural fantasies. What Christian church besides the Santa Costanza was built in the 4th century? ",What Christian church besides the Santa Costanza was built in the 4th century?, Santa Pudenziana +" In June 1837 Chopin visited London incognito in the company of the piano manufacturer Camille Pleyel where he played at a musical soirée at the house of English piano maker James Broadwood. On his return to Paris, his association with Sand began in earnest, and by the end of June 1838 they had become lovers. Sand, who was six years older than the composer, and who had had a series of lovers, wrote at this time: ""I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ... I have still not recovered from my astonishment, and if I were a proud person I should be feeling humiliated at having been carried away ..."" The two spent a miserable winter on Majorca (8 November 1838 to 13 February 1839), where, together with Sand's two children, they had journeyed in the hope of improving the health of Chopin and that of Sand's 15-year-old son Maurice, and also to escape the threats of Sand's former lover Félicien Mallefille. After discovering that the couple were not married, the deeply traditional Catholic people of Majorca became inhospitable, making accommodation difficult to find. This compelled the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa, which gave little shelter from the cold winter weather. What city did Frédéric visit in June 1837? ",What city did Frédéric visit in June 1837?, London +"Given the context: 'Storm Front is a 2000 novel by science fiction and fantasy author Jim Butcher. It is the first novel in The Dresden Files, his first published series, and it follows the character of Harry Dresden, professional wizard. The novel was later adapted into a pilot for a SyFy channel television series.' , classify the statement: 'Storm Front the television series was written prior to the novel.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Storm Front the television series was written prior to the novel.,{ neutral } The novel was adapted into a tv series. The system was confused by the context of the statement. +" As with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins are recognized as organic essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is the exception: it can be synthesized in the skin, in the presence of UVB radiation.) Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not ""essential"" dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of different phytochemicals have recently been discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables), which may have desirable properties including antioxidant activity (see below); however, experimental demonstration has been suggestive but inconclusive. Other essential nutrients that are not classified as vitamins include essential amino acids (see above), choline, essential fatty acids (see above), and the minerals discussed in the preceding section. What has recently been discovered in the thousands, especially from examining fresh vegetables? ","What has recently been discovered in the thousands, especially from examining fresh vegetables?", phytochemicals +"With the premise: 'It's certainly the case that we are asserting, in light of the changed circumstances, that the opportunity to build upon works within the public domain is a fundamental First Amendment interest, and that the First Amendment values, vital speech interest at stake of this case, is that the public domain be permitted as a source for cultivating work about our culture without unnecessary legal restriction.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'public domain should not have cumbersome restrictions' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",public domain should not have cumbersome restrictions,"{ neutral } Public domain should not have cumbersome restrictions refers to legal restrictions which, in context, states that there should not be any interference from when adding to public domain." +"Given the detailed context: 'Jeremy Wade McKinnon (born December 17, 1985) is an American musician and producer, best known as a founding member and the lead vocalist of A Day to Remember. He has produced full-length albums for The Devil Wears Prada, The Ghost Inside, Neck Deep, and Wage War.', judge whether the statement: 'The band A Day to Remember was founded in 1986.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The band A Day to Remember was founded in 1986.,{ neutral } Jeremy Wade McKinnon could not have been a founding member of a band formed when he was 1 year old. +" Boston is sometimes called a ""city of neighborhoods"" because of the profusion of diverse subsections; the city government's Office of Neighborhood Services has officially designated 23 neighborhoods. What division of the City Government designated the 23 neighborhoods? ",What division of the City Government designated the 23 neighborhoods?, Office of Neighborhood Services +"With the premise: 'The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns, mainly but not exclusively, of East Lancashire. Its real importance is probably due to the history of employing professional players of international standing to play in the League.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Lancashire League is very easy' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Lancashire League is very easy,"{ contradiction } It's not stated whether The Lancashire League is easy or not. I think this was difficult for the system because it does say The Lancashire League is a competitive league but just because it's competitive, doesn't mean it's easy or hard for everyone." +"Examine the premise: 'Issa Album is the debut studio album by American rapper 21 Savage. The album was released on July 7, 2017 by Slaughter Gang and Epic Records. It features production from frequent collaborator Metro Boomin, alongside Southside, Pi'erre Bourne, Zaytoven, Wheezy, DJ Mustard and 21 Savage himself. It succeeds 21 Savage's collaborative EP with Metro Boomin, ""Savage Mode"" (2016).' and assess if the subsequent statement: '21 Savage will be in movies.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",21 Savage will be in movies.,"{ contradiction } Who know, maybe he will be in movies, maybe he will not." +" Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. This is about 20 million less than ILO estimate for child labourers in 2004. Some 60 percent of the child labour was involved in agricultural activities such as farming, dairy, fisheries and forestry. Another 25 percent of child labourers were in service activities such as retail, hawking goods, restaurants, load and transfer of goods, storage, picking and recycling trash, polishing shoes, domestic help, and other services. The remaining 15 percent laboured in assembly and manufacturing in informal economy, home-based enterprises, factories, mines, packaging salt, operating machinery, and such operations. Two out of three child workers work alongside their parents, in unpaid family work situations. Some children work as guides for tourists, sometimes combined with bringing in business for shops and restaurants. Child labour predominantly occurs in the rural areas (70%) and informal urban sector (26%). Some child work as guides for whom? ",Some child work as guides for whom?, tourists +" Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components. What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace? ",What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace?, signal +"Reflect on the information in: 'Love is a 2006 theatrical production by Cirque du Soleil which combines the re-produced and re-imagined music of the Beatles with an interpretive, circus-based artistic and athletic stage performance. The show plays at a specially built theatre at the Mirage in Las Vegas.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Love features Life Goes On.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Love features Life Goes On.,{ contradiction } It is unclear if Love features Life Goes On. The system was confused by the context. +" In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, ""Edmund Burke's Club"", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's Club remain in the collection of the Historical Society. Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748. Burke's father wanted him to read Law, and with this in mind he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe. After eschewing the Law, he pursued a livelihood through writing. When did Edmund Burke start a debate club? ",When did Edmund Burke start a debate club?, 1747 +" Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England ""Royal Peculiar""—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered? ",What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered?, Gothic +"Reflect on the information in: 'Sandra Gulland (born November 3, 1944) is an American-born Canadian novelist. She is the author of ""The Shadow Queen"" and ""Mistress of the Sun"", novels set in the court of Louis XIV, The Sun King, and a trilogy of novels based on the life of Josephine Bonaparte: ""The Many Lives & Secret Sorrows of Josephine B.""; ""Tales of Passion, Tales of Woe""; ""The Last Great Dance on Earth"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sandra Gulland likes to write' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sandra Gulland likes to write,"{ entailment } While she is a writer, there is not enough context to show she enjoys writing. " +" Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items. How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement? ",How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?, thirty +"With the premise: 'Takeover/Cloud 9 is a British music publishing company. The organisation is a co-owned subsidiary of Takeover Entertainment Ltd and EMI Music Publishing. It was founded by English rapper Kwasi Danquah III (commonly known as Tinchy Stryder) and EMI Music Publishing’s UK president and EMI European creative president, Guy Moot, as a publishing arm solely for Danquah's music in December 2008.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'EMI Music Publishing's UK and EMI European are co-owned subsidiary of Takeover/Cloud9.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",EMI Music Publishing's UK and EMI European are co-owned subsidiary of Takeover/Cloud9.,{ entailment } Takeover/Cloud9 is a co-owned subsidiary of EMI Music Publishing and EMI not EMI Music Publishing UK or EMI European. +"With the given context: 'La Cygne (pronounced ""luh SEEN"") is a city situated along the Marais des Cygnes River in the northeast part of Linn County, located in East Central Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,149. The city is named after the Marais des Cygnes River which is a French translation of an Osage appellation meaning ""marsh of the swans"".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'La Cygne existed before 2010' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",La Cygne existed before 2010,"{ neutral } It participated in the 2010 census, meaning it had to have existed before then" +"Given the premise: 'Bosnia's leading Muslim daily Dnevni Avaz writes excitedly about ""a sensational discovery"" of ""the first European pyramid"" in the central town of Visoko, just north of Sarajevo.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Discovering a pyramid is a very big deal' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Discovering a pyramid is a very big deal,{ neutral } Was called a sensational discovery +" The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate official to the GSA Administrator until the National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency on April 1, 1985. When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives? ",When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?, 1934 +"Given the detailed context: 'The Asian Institute is a research centre at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto, and is located in the historical Devonshire House, a former residential hall of the university's Trinity College. Ritu Birla is the Richard Charles Lee Director of the Asian Institute.', judge whether the statement: 'The Asian Institute has a director named Rita' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Asian Institute has a director named Rita,{ contradiction } Ritu Birla is a director at the Asia Institue +"With the premise: 'The 2007 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between AZ and Ajax on 6 May 2007 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 2006–07 KNVB Cup competition. Ajax beat AZ on penalties after the match finished 1–1 after extra time. It was Ajax' 17th KNVB Cup title.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Ajax qualified for the next stage of the KNVB Cup competition in 2007 after beating AZ.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Ajax qualified for the next stage of the KNVB Cup competition in 2007 after beating AZ.,{ neutral } text states it was a final match of this competition. i used similar words as in the text so the system didn't understand the message conveyed. +"Given the premise: 'Nick Love (born 24 December 1969) is an English film director and writer. His credits include the films ""The Football Factory"", ""The Business"", ""Goodbye Charlie Bright"", ""Outlaw"", ""The Sweeney"", and a 2009 remake of football hooliganism drama ""The Firm"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Nick Love directed four films' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Nick Love directed four films,"{ entailment } His credits include the films ""The Football Factory"", ""The Business"", ""Goodbye Charlie Bright"", ""Outlaw"", ""The Sweeney"", more than four" +"Based on the details provided in: '""Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming"" is the ninth episode of ""The Simpsons""' seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 26, 1995. In the episode, Sideshow Bob attempts to rid the world of television.' , determine if the claim: ' ""The Simpsons""' was aired by Fox network in the United States first time.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral."," ""The Simpsons""' was aired by Fox network in the United States first time.","{ neutral } +Two years after making their first appearance in short episodes on The Tracey Ullman Show, which aired on Fox., The Simpsons debuted as a half-hour series on the Fox network on December 17, 1989." +"Given the context: 'New Year's Revolution (2006) was the second annual New Year's Revolution pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on January 8, 2006, at the Pepsi Arena in Albany, New York and starred talent from the Raw brand.' , classify the statement: 'New Year's Revolution, the annual event produced by WWE, took place in New York City, New York.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","New Year's Revolution, the annual event produced by WWE, took place in New York City, New York.","{ neutral } The statement is definitely incorrect because New Year's Revolution took place in Albany, New York. Not New York City, New York." +"Reflect on the information in: 'The naming customs of Taiwanese aborigines are distinct from, though influenced by, the majority Han Chinese culture of Taiwan. Prior to contact with Han Chinese, the Taiwanese aborigines named themselves according to each tribe's tradition. The naming system varies greatly depending on the particular tribes. Some tribes do not have family names, at least as part of the personal name.' . Does the hypothesis: 'There were an even number of tribes.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",There were an even number of tribes.,"{ contradiction } It mentioned that there were multiple tribes, but it didn't say anything about the number. I didn't mention a specific number, as that is obviously neither correct nor definitely incorrect, but I mentioned a property of a number (odd/even), as it probably wouldn't understand it." +"Considering the context: 'Police are on the hunt for a carjacking suspect. Aaron Browning of Chapmanville was spotted driving a stolen pick-up last night in Kanawha City. When officers approached him on MacCorkle Avenue he ran into the area around CAMC Memorial Hospital, and got away. The hospital was on lock-down for a short time. Police say Browning is armed and dangerous.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Aaron Browning steals automobiles.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Aaron Browning steals automobiles.,"{ neutral } He was spotted driving one, so it is definitely correct that he does in fact steal automobiles. I'm not sure how the system missed this one." +"With the premise: 'The Green Beans
The family had a big garden. They grew lots of green beans. They put them in a big pot and boiled them. Then they put butter and salt on them. The beans were fresh and tasted great!' , decide if the hypothesis: 'They grow lots of carrots' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",They grow lots of carrots,{ contradiction } it doesn't mention what they grow in there garden so it could or could not be carrots in there +" For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule. What major conflict is Myanmar known for? ",What major conflict is Myanmar known for?, one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. +" Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as building blocks to escape a depressing home. Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, ""I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential – I was always fascinated by people in control of other people."" Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, ""I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes."" Eunice Kennedy Shriver was sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger. He cannot run for president as he is not a natural born citizen of the United States. In The Simpsons Movie (2007), he is portrayed as the president, and in the Sylvester Stallone movie, Demolition Man (1993, ten years before his first run for political office), it is revealed that a constitutional amendment passed which allowed Schwarzenegger to become president. Schwarzenegger shows up as the President of the United States in what 2007 animated movie? ",Schwarzenegger shows up as the President of the United States in what 2007 animated movie?, The Simpsons Movie +" The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed] What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly? ",What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly?, Helsinki-86 +"From the facts presented in 'Timothy Donald Cook (born November 1, 1960) is an American business executive, industrial engineer, and developer. Cook is the Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc., previously serving as the company's Chief Operating Officer, under its founder Steve Jobs.' , decide if the statement: 'Timothy Donald Cook moves his way up in position in Apple.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Timothy Donald Cook moves his way up in position in Apple.,"{ neutral } He started in a lower position under Jobs, but then he got a higher position when Jobs passed away. This is true. " +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Dixie-Narco EP is an EP by the British band Primal Scream, released in February 1992 on Creation Records. Recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis, this is the only official Primal Scream release to contain the song ""Screamadelica"", which was not used on their ""Screamadelica"" album (""Movin' on Up"" appears on ""Screamadelica"").' , determine if the claim: 'The song ""Screamadelica"" is on an album of a different name' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The song ""Screamadelica"" is on an album of a different name","{ neutral } The name of the album where ""Screamadelica"" appears is ""Narco-Dixie,"" which is different from the song's nme" +"Examine the information in 'Secret Files 2: Puritas Cordis (original German title Geheimakte 2: Puritas Cordis) is a point-and-click adventure game developed by Fusionsphere Systems and Animation Arts and published by Deep Silver for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS and Wii. It was unveiled at the 2007 Leipzig Games Convention. It is the sequel to the 2006 point-and-click adventure """".' Is the statement: 'Secret Files 2 is available on Windows, Wii, Xbox and Nintendo DS. ' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Secret Files 2 is available on Windows, Wii, Xbox and Nintendo DS. ","{ neutral } The statement says its available for Windows, Nintendo DS, and Wii. I think the system saw the other systems so assumed the xbox was included. " +" The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftist party of SYRIZA became the second major party, with an increase from 4% to 16%. No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012. The result of the second elections was the formation of a coalition government composed of New Democracy (29%), PASOK (12%) and Democratic Left (6%) parties. Who became the second major party after the elections? ",Who became the second major party after the elections?, The leftist party of SYRIZA +"With the premise: 'Kristine Valdresdatter is a Norwegian silent film from 1930. This was the last silent film produced in Norway and it was directed by Rasmus Breistein. Breistein also wrote the script, which was based on Hans Andersen Foss's novel ""Kristine: En fortælling fra Valdres"" (Kristine: A Tale from Valdres). The film premiered on December 26, 1930 and it has been aired several times by NRK.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kristine: En fortælling fra Valdres was a book' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kristine: En fortælling fra Valdres was a book,{ contradiction } Kristine: En fortælling fra Valdres was a book is true by all information given +" From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated. How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000? ",How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000?," 4,907 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Invisible Woman (Susan ""Sue"" Storm-Richards), previously known as the Invisible Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a founding member of the Fantastic Four and was the first female superhero created by Marvel during the Silver Age of Comics.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Silver Surfer was a founding member of the Fantastic Four.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Silver Surfer was a founding member of the Fantastic Four.,{ contradiction } It does not state anything about the silver surfer. System probably got confused since I used so many of the words from the script. +"Given the premise: 'But as we respect someone's rights, and as we profess tolerance, we shouldn't change -- or have to change -- our basic views on the sanctity of marriage. I believe in the sanctity of marriage. I think it's very important that we protect marriage as an institution, between a man and a woman.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'sanctity of marriage is a view by a lot of people' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",sanctity of marriage is a view by a lot of people,{ neutral } It's a view +"With the given context: 'And yes, I think it's something that people need to consider. This isn't something new. I read a report, or a memo, from somebody in his 1988 campaign -- I forgot the fellow's name -- warning then Senator Gore to be careful about exaggerating claims. I thought during his debate with Senator Bradley saying he authored the EITC when it didn't happen.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The name of the fellow who wrote the report in question is Mr. Bradley.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The name of the fellow who wrote the report in question is Mr. Bradley.,"{ neutral } The report was from an unnamed man in Gores 1988 campaign. Not Mr. Bradley, who was debating Gore. I think the model got confused by changing Senator Bradley to Mr. Bradley. " +" Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the ""Kulluk"" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship. At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea. However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits. The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is ""too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations"". Shell purchased what in 2005? ",Shell purchased what in 2005?, an offshore lease +" A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the ""second generation"" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining ""dead"". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being ""uncovered"" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France. When was the original system discontinued? ",When was the original system discontinued?, 1958 +" In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words ""Beijing 2008"" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder? ",Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?, LVMH Group +"Based on the details provided in: '""Pretty Good Year"" is a single by the American singer-songwriter Tori Amos, taken from her second album ""Under the Pink"". It was released as the second single from the album in Europe in March 1994, and the fourth single from the album in Australia in November 1994. It was not released as a single in North America.' , determine if the claim: 'The song was a hit when it released during the spring in Australia' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The song was a hit when it released during the spring in Australia,"{ contradiction } The song was in fact released during the spring because November is spring in Australia, but we do not know if it was a hit." +"Given the premise: 'The Everly Brothers were an American country-influenced rock and roll duo, known for steel-string acoustic guitar playing and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald ""Don"" Everly (born February 1, 1937) and Phillip ""Phil"" Everly (January 19, 1939 – January 3, 2014) were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2001.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Isaac Donald ""Don"" Everly was born February 1, 1938' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Isaac Donald ""Don"" Everly was born February 1, 1938","{ entailment } born February 1, 1937, usually gets years wrong" +" Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica. Where has evidence of volcanic activity been discovered in Antarctica? ",Where has evidence of volcanic activity been discovered in Antarctica?, Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island +"From the facts presented in 'Bonus Bonanza was the official state lottery game show of Massachusetts, running from 1995 to 1998. It was hosted by Brian Tracey and Dawn Hayes. The show was produced at WCVB-TV by Jonathan Goodson Productions, and all of its games and its theme were virtually identical to the Illinois state lottery game show ""Illinois Instant Riches"" (later ""Illinois Luckiest"").' , decide if the statement: 'Bonus Bonanza ran for 4 years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Bonus Bonanza ran for 4 years,"{ entailment } Bonus Bonanza ran from 1995-98, therefore there is no possible way it ran for 4 years" +"Given the premise: 'The Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund (FCI No, 60) (translated into English as the Small Swiss Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type from Switzerland. ""Niederlaufhund"" means short-legged hound. The breed has a number of different varieties (all of the same breed).' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund is not in English,' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund is not in English,",{ contradiction } The Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund is pre translation and therefore not in English. I think this confused the system. +" France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal. Where are France's highest courts located? ",Where are France's highest courts located?, Paris +" Controversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries later. To some extent the controversy is related to the foundation myths of modern states in the region. According to the ""Normanist"" view, the Rus' were Scandinavians, while Russian and Ukrainian nationalist historians generally argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs. Normanist theories focus on the earliest written source for the East Slavs, the Russian Primary Chronicle, although even this account was not produced until the 12th century. Nationalist accounts have suggested that the Rus' were present before the arrival of the Varangians, noting that only a handful of Scandinavian words can be found in modern Russian and that Scandinavian names in the early chronicles were soon replaced by Slavic names. Nevertheless, archaeological evidence from the area suggests that a Scandinavian population was present during the 10th century at the latest. On balance, it seems likely that the Rus' proper were a small minority of Scandinavians who formed an elite ruling class, while the great majority of their subjects were Slavs. Considering the linguistic arguments mounted by nationalist scholars, if the proto-Rus' were Scandinavians, they must have quickly become nativized, adopting Slavic languages and other cultural practices. What controversy currently surrounds the Rus? ",What controversy currently surrounds the Rus?, whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs +"Considering the context: 'Motherly Love
Bob's mother was very nasty and never made him feel loved. In adulthood, he had a hard time trusting women. He finally married Kate but was unsure about having children. When she became pregnant, Bob worried about making a child happy. When he saw Kate hold the baby, radiating love, his fears dissolved.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Kate's mother in law was Bob's mother.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Kate's mother in law was Bob's mother.,"{ contradiction } Bob married Kate, so Bob's mother is Kate's mother in law. This question is tricky because it refers to people in the text in different ways than they are written about in the text. " +" Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced ""these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business"". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage. What year did a protester attach a note to the door at Buckingham Palace saying it was to be sold? ",What year did a protester attach a note to the door at Buckingham Palace saying it was to be sold?, 1864 +" Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica? ",Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica?, Cambridge University Press +"Given the context: 'On the other hand, the article, ""Fiction and Facts About Drug Legalization"", by Joseph Califano identifies possible social problems that could occur as a result of marijuana being decriminalized in any form, whether for medical purposes or for recreational use.' , classify the statement: '""Fiction and Facts About Drug Legalization"" was written by Joseph Califerano.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","""Fiction and Facts About Drug Legalization"" was written by Joseph Califerano.","{ entailment } His name was Califano, not Califerano. It's difficult because the names are similar enough to confuse the system." +" In modern-day Germany, the Holy Roman Empire continued to rule, but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form. Further east, the kingdoms of Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia grew powerful. In Iberia, the Christian kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula; Portugal concentrated on expanding overseas during the 15th century, while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over royal succession and other concerns. After losing the Hundred Years' War, England went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses, which lasted into the 1490s and only ended when Henry Tudor (r. 1485–1509 as Henry VII) became king and consolidated power with his victory over Richard III (r. 1483–85) at Bosworth in 1485. In Scandinavia, Margaret I of Denmark (r. in Denmark 1387–1412) consolidated Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar, which continued until 1523. The major power around the Baltic Sea was the Hanseatic League, a commercial confederation of city states that traded from Western Europe to Russia. Scotland emerged from English domination under Robert the Bruce (r. 1306–29), who secured papal recognition of his kingship in 1328. During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion? ",During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion?, 15th +" In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Thus predation is often, though not always, carnivory. Other categories of consumption are herbivory (eating parts of plants), fungivory (eating parts of fungi), and detritivory (the consumption of dead organic material (detritus)). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of consumer-resource systems. It can often be difficult to separate various types of feeding behaviors. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the ""donor"" organism(s). A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed? ",A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed? , absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption +"Examine the information in 'A Message From Our Publisher Congratulations to my wife Bertha Henry on her accomplishments in receiving the 2017 Mark E. Keane ICMA Career Excellence Award When I think of you I remember Proverbs 31.10 ""Who can find a virtuous woman? For her price is far above rubies. (KJV) –Bobby R. Henry, Sr.' Is the statement: 'Mark Keane is not married to Bertha.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Mark Keane is not married to Bertha.,{ contradiction } The system may have seen Mark's name first after the words wife and Bertha's name and assumed there was a relation. +" One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called ""Big Four"" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. During this decade, and particularly from 2002 to 2009, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09 inclusive, with Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League. In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that ""Big Four"" dominance threatened the division, ""This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world."" Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: ""There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."" Which team had no losses in 2003-2004 and ended up winning the league? ",Which team had no losses in 2003-2004 and ended up winning the league?, Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04 +" Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named ""San Bartolome"". Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see? ",Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see?, Taongi +" The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. To predict clinical outcome, the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile, and several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy. What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity? ",What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity?, division of bacterial cells +"Considering the context: 'OTN profiles the Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement), which is a Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist group.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist group takes no crap from OTN.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist group takes no crap from OTN.,{ contradiction } We do not not much about how They feel about the OTN so the answer is neither. +"With the given context: 'No, absolutely not. I don't object to Pandas being in the library, just like I don't object to, you know, any of the other books being in the library, as long as -- as long as it's the appropriate level and -- you know, I mean, there is a censorship process that goes into putting books in the library. So, I mean, as long as it has gone through that process and it's approved to be there, I don't have a problem with it being there.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'I don't object to Pandas being in the library unlike some other book' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",I don't object to Pandas being in the library unlike some other book,{ entailment } doesn't object to any +" After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During fermentation, the wort becomes beer in a process which requires a week to months depending on the type of yeast and strength of the beer. In addition to producing ethanol, fine particulate matter suspended in the wort settles during fermentation. Once fermentation is complete, the yeast also settles, leaving the beer clear. What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments? ",What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments? , yeast +"Analyze the premise: 'Christmas Bounty is a 2013 television film directed by Gil Junger. It was produced by WWE Studios and stars Francia Raisa, Mike ""The Miz"" Mizanin and Will Greenberg. It premiered on ABC Family during their 25 Days of Christmas block on November 26, 2013.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Christmas Bounty debuted exactly a week before Christmas.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Christmas Bounty debuted exactly a week before Christmas.,"{ entailment } This is definitely incorrect because Christmas Bounty debuted about a month before Christmas, not a week." +"Given the context: 'Lucy-Jo Hudson (born 4 May 1983) is an English actress, best known for playing the role of Katy Harris in the long-running soap opera, ""Coronation Street"" from 2002–05 and as Rosie Trevanion in the ITV drama ""Wild at Heart"" from 2006–09. Her recurring role of Rhiannon Davis in ""Doctors"" in 2016 earned her 2017 British Soap Award for Villain of the Year.' , classify the statement: 'Lucy-Jo Hudson despised her role as Katy Harris.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Lucy-Jo Hudson despised her role as Katy Harris.,"{ contradiction } Lucy-Jo Hudson's feelings about playing Katy Harris isn't stated anywhere, and since these are her feeling. It could be correct or incorrect that she hated playing a character and that maybe she dreamed of a different role, or maybe she was content. I think the machine got it wrong because it doesn't understand that a person's feelings aren't always a matter of public knowledge." +"Given the context: 'Deus (styled as dEUS) is a rock band based in Antwerp, Belgium, whose only continuous members up to the present day are Tom Barman (vocals, guitars) and Klaas Janzoons (keyboards, violin). The rest of the band's line-up currently consists of drummer Stéphane Misseghers, bassist Alan Gevaert and guitarist/backing vocalist Mauro Pawlowski.' , classify the statement: 'Deus are from Europe.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Deus are from Europe.,{ neutral } Context states the band Belgian - Belgium is in Europe. +"Given the detailed context: '4th (County Fermanagh) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (4 UDR) was formed in 1970 as part of the 7 original battalions specified in The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969, which received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969 and was brought into force on 1 January 1970. It was amalgamated with the 6th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment in 1992 to form the 4th/6th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment.', judge whether the statement: '4th (County Fermanagh) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (4 UDR) was formed on 18 December 1969.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","4th (County Fermanagh) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (4 UDR) was formed on 18 December 1969.","{ entailment } It was formed in 1970, not 1969. The dates may be tricky for the system." +"Using the premise: 'Between March and June, scientific observers say, up to 300,000 seals are killed. In Canada, seal-hunting means jobs, but opponents say it is vicious and endangers the species, also threatened by global warming.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Between August and December, up to 350,000 seals are killed.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Between August and December, up to 350,000 seals are killed.","{ contradiction } There is no way of knowing, based on the information provided, whether or not this many seals are killed in this time period. However, the number is close enough to the number stated that it COULD be real." +"Given the context: 'The Tomb of Wang Chuzhi (Chinese 王處直墓 / 王处直墓 Wang Chizhi mu) is the grave of Wang Chuzhi (863-923 CE), a senior military governor of the late period of the Tang Dynasty and the Later Liang from the time of the Five Dynasties. It was rediscovered in 1980 in Xiyanchuan village in Quyang district of the Chinese province of Hebei.' , classify the statement: 'the grave of Wang Chuzhi was discovered in 1980' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the grave of Wang Chuzhi was discovered in 1980,{ entailment } It was rediscovered in 1980 +"Examine the information in 'Amandil is a fictional character from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. Amandil was a Lord of Andúnië, succeeding his father Númendil upon his death. Amandil is most noted for being the father of Elendil, founder of the Númenórean Realms in Exile.' Is the statement: 'Amandil had multiple titles.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Amandil had multiple titles.,{ entailment } Amandil has the title of Lord of Andúnlë but the context doesn't say whether he also had any other titles. +" Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, ""The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a ""Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story"". The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared, unattributed to Twain, in a Professor Sidgwick’s Greek Prose Composition (p. 116) under the title, ""The Athenian and the Frog""; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's ""Jumping Frog"" story. What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story? ",What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story?," ""The Athenian and the Frog"" " +"Consider the premise in: 'Peter John Reynolds (6 November 1939 – 26 September 2001) was a British archaeologist known for his research in experimental archaeology and the British Iron Age and for being recruited as the first director of Butser Ancient Farm, a working replica of an Iron Age farmstead in Hampshire.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Reynolds' life spanned into two centuries.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Reynolds' life spanned into two centuries.,{ contradiction } Peter John Reynolds was born 6 November 1939 and died 26 September 2001. The system was confused by the context. +"With the given context: 'Rewire (formerly RH Reality Check, long name Reproductive Health Reality Check) is a website focused on reproductive and sexual health from a pro-reproductive rights perspective. The website began as a UN Foundation blog in 2006, and became its own nonprofit organization in January 2012. In 2016, it was renamed ""Rewire"".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Rewire was not available prior to 2006' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Rewire was not available prior to 2006,{ neutral } Rewire has been available since 2006 +" The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console: a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model, priced at US$499 (€499) and US$599 (€599), respectively. The 60 GB model was to be the only configuration to feature an HDMI port, Wi-Fi internet, flash card readers and a chrome trim with the logo in silver. Both models were announced for a simultaneous worldwide release: November 11, 2006, for Japan and November 17, 2006, for North America and Europe. How many USB ports did the original PS3 prototype have? ",How many USB ports did the original PS3 prototype have?, six +" Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Commercial bulk hydrogen is usually produced by the steam reforming of natural gas. At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F), steam (water vapor) reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and H +2. What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane? ",What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?," 1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F " +" The degree to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous beings varies widely by culture, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. Emotional autonomy is defined in terms of an adolescent's relationships with others, and often includes the development of more mature emotional connections with adults and peers. Behavioral autonomy encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern. Cultural differences are especially visible in this category because it concerns issues of dating, social time with peers, and time-management decisions. Cognitive autonomy describes the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation. Converging influences from adolescent cognitive development, expanding social relationships, an increasingly adultlike appearance, and the acceptance of more rights and responsibilities enhance feelings of autonomy for adolescents. Proper development of autonomy has been tied to good mental health, high self-esteem, self-motivated tendencies, positive self-concepts, and self-initiating and regulating behaviors. Furthermore, it has been found that adolescents' mental health is best when their feelings about autonomy match closely with those of their parents. How is behavioral autonomy defined? ",How is behavioral autonomy defined?," encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Cairn Energy PLC is one of Europe's leading independent oil and gas exploration and development companies and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Cairn has discovered and developed oil and gas reserves in a variety of locations around the world. Cairn Energy has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.' , determine if the claim: 'Cairn Energy is listed on the New York Stock Exchange' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cairn Energy is listed on the New York Stock Exchange,"{ contradiction } many companies are listed on multiple stock exchanges, london is just one it appears on" +"Given the premise: 'Operation Damocles was a covert campaign of the Israeli Mossad in August 1962 targeting German scientists and technicians, formerly employed in Nazi Germany's rocket program, who were developing rockets for Egypt at a military site known as Factory 333. According to Otto Joklik, an Austrian scientist involved with the project, the rockets being developed were programmed to use a radioactive waste.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Operation Damocles took place in the summer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Operation Damocles took place in the summer.,"{ neutral } It took place in August, which is the Summer. The system was likely unable to infer the season from the month given. " +" The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s. When did Europe abandon standard transmission? ",When did Europe abandon standard transmission?, mid-1990s +"With the given context: 'Kelechi Udegbe is a Nigerian film actor and voice over artist. He is best known for starring as the lead character in ""Officer Titus"". Since his screen debut in 2009, Kelechi has starred in several films and soaps including ""Behind The Smile"", ""Ojuju"", """", ""Horn Free Day"" and ""Kpians: The Feast of Souls"".' , analyze if the hypothesis: '""Officer Titus"" was the screen debut of Kelechi Udegbe.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","""Officer Titus"" was the screen debut of Kelechi Udegbe.","{ entailment } We only know that he was best known for starring as the lead character in ""Officer Titus"", we don't know if it was or wasn't his debut. I don't think the system understands what debut means in this context." +" Humans regard certain insects as pests, and attempt to control them using insecticides and a host of other techniques. Some insects damage crops by feeding on sap, leaves or fruits. A few parasitic species are pathogenic. Some insects perform complex ecological roles; blow-flies, for example, help consume carrion but also spread diseases. Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated. Many other insects are considered ecologically beneficial as predators and a few provide direct economic benefit. Silkworms and bees have been used extensively by humans for the production of silk and honey, respectively. In some cultures, people eat the larvae or adults of certain insects. Humans consider most insects as what? ",Humans consider most insects as what?, pests +" The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: ""And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... And looking at those who sat in a circle around him, Jesus said, 'These are my mother and my brothers. Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother'.""[3:31-35] Other verses suggest a conflict between Jesus and his family, including an attempt to have Jesus restrained because ""he is out of his mind"", and the famous quote: ""A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home."" A leading Biblical scholar commented: ""there are clear signs not only that Jesus's family rejected his message during his public ministry but that he in turn spurned them publicly"". What do some Biblical scholars claim that Jesus' family did with his message during his ministry? ",What do some Biblical scholars claim that Jesus' family did with his message during his ministry?, rejected +"Examine the information in 'Bahman Kiarostami (Persian: بهمن کیارستمی‎ ‎ ) (born 11 August 1978 in Tehran) is an Iranian film director, cinematographer, film editor and film producer. He is the son of the late critically acclaimed Abbas Kiarostami. The main theme in Kiarostami's films are art and music.' Is the statement: 'Bahman Kiarostamiis not from the northern hemisphere' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Bahman Kiarostamiis not from the northern hemisphere,{ entailment } doe snot understand concept of hemispheres +" Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Even though the city still suffers from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, the level of crime in Palermo's has gone down dramatically, unemployment has been decreasing and many new, profitable opportunities for growth (especially regarding tourism) have been introduced, making the city safer and better to live in. What negative qualities does Palermo carry? ",What negative qualities does Palermo carry?," high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire " +"Given the detailed context: 'Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons (born July 12, 1948) is an American fitness guru, actor, and comedian. He promotes weight-loss programs, prominently through his ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" line of aerobics videos and is known for his eccentric, flamboyant, and energetic personality.', judge whether the statement: 'Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons created his ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" line of aerobics videos without help or input from anyone else.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons created his ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" line of aerobics videos without help or input from anyone else.","{ contradiction } The context gives no information as to how the ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" videos are produced, Simmons may well produce them alone, or may produce them with a team. The system may have had difficulty with this because it is unlikely that Simmons produced the videos alone." +" The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively. What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish? ",What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?, The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish +" To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history. England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year? ",England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year?, 1946 +"Given the detailed context: 'USS ""Bowfin"" (SS/AGSS-287), a ""Balao""-class submarine, was a boat of the United States Navy named for the bowfin fish. Since 1981, she has been open to public tours at the USS ""Bowfin"" Submarine Museum and Park in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center.', judge whether the statement: 'The bowfin fish was named after the submarine.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The bowfin fish was named after the submarine.,"{ entailment } It is incorrect because the submarine was named after the fish, not the other way around. The system probably didn't understand the direction of causality." +" Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers. Who owns the major papers in the city? ",Who owns the major papers in the city?, Interstate General Media +" Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems. In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod? ",In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?, 2007 +" Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become important netting materials in the aquaculture industry because they are antimicrobial and prevent biofouling, even in extreme conditions and have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments. Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper? ",Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?, ships +" The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain. The property that makes neurons unique is their ability to send signals to specific target cells over long distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body. The length of an axon can be extraordinary: for example, if a pyramidal cell, (an excitatory neuron) of the cerebral cortex were magnified so that its cell body became the size of a human body, its axon, equally magnified, would become a cable a few centimeters in diameter, extending more than a kilometer. These axons transmit signals in the form of electrochemical pulses called action potentials, which last less than a thousandth of a second and travel along the axon at speeds of 1–100 meters per second. Some neurons emit action potentials constantly, at rates of 10–100 per second, usually in irregular patterns; other neurons are quiet most of the time, but occasionally emit a burst of action potentials. Glial cells are also referred to as what? ",Glial cells are also referred to as what?, glia or neuroglia +" East 2nd Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to Bowery. The East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets is Avenue D, with East 6th Street continuing further Eastward and connecting to FDR Drive. Where is the East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets? ","Where is the East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets?", Avenue D +"Analyze the premise: 'How to use turtle wax
Wash your car before you wax it. Clean your car as thoroughly as you can on the outside. Use all the basic cleaners, such as soap and water for the body and window cleaner for your windows.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Turtle wax is to be used in the car' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Turtle wax is to be used in the car,"{ entailment } Turtle wax is to be used ON the car, not in it" +" In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that ""it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete"". The inaugural FA Cup tournament kicked off in November 1871. After thirteen games in all, Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final, on 16 March 1872. Wanderers retained the trophy the following year. The modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888–89 season, when qualifying rounds were introduced. When did the inaugural FA cup tournament take place? ",When did the inaugural FA cup tournament take place?, November 1871 +"Given the detailed context: 'How to determine the sex of a cat
Approach the cat or kitten with care. To ascertain the sex of a cat or kitten, it's necessary to pick the cat up. Some cats don't like to be handled, so take a little time to let him or her get comfortable around you.', judge whether the statement: 'The cat may be afraid of you.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The cat may be afraid of you.,{ neutral } It takes time to get comfortable with picking up a cat. +"Using the premise: 'The Lakeview Drive (also known as North Shore Road and the Road to Nowhere) is a 6.5 mi road, split in two segments, located along the north shore of Fontana Lake, wholly within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The scenic road, which was never completed, features an unused road tunnel and connects to various hiking and horse riding trails in the area.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Lakeview Drive is for cars and horses.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Lakeview Drive is for cars and horses.,{ contradiction } It does not mention that cars can drive on it. +" 122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as ""Mau Mau Land"" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black area. Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street? ",Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street?, Harlem +" According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. Muhammad descended from Abd Manāf via his son Hashim, while the Umayyads descended from Abd Manaf via a different son, Abd-Shams, whose son was Umayya. The two families are therefore considered to be different clans (those of Hashim and of Umayya, respectively) of the same tribe (that of the Quraish). However Muslim Shia historians suspect that Umayya was an adopted son of Abd Shams so he was not a blood relative of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai. Umayya was later discarded from the noble family. Sunni historians disagree with this and view Shia claims as nothing more than outright polemics due to their hostility to the Umayyad family in general. They point to the fact that the grand sons of Uthman, Zaid bin amr bin uthman bin affan and Abdullah bin Amr bin Uthman got married to the Sukaina and Fatima the daughters of Hussein son of Ali to show closeness of Banu hashem and Bani Ummayah. What son of Abd-Shams was the ancestor of the Umayyads? ",What son of Abd-Shams was the ancestor of the Umayyads?, Umayya +" During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the ""Mozart effect"": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an experiment published in Nature suggesting that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted students' IQ by 8 to 9 points. This popularized version of the theory was expressed succinctly by the New York Times music columnist Alex Ross: ""researchers... have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter."" Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect. Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music. One of the co-authors of the original studies of the Mozart effect commented ""I don't think it can hurt. I'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences. But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs."" How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music? ",How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?," $105,000 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The End is an EP by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released on January 20, 2016. It was only available at dates on their final tour The End. The EP's first four tracks are unreleased songs from the ""13"" sessions, and the rest were recorded live on that album's tour in 2013–2014.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Black Sabbath released a heavy metal album in May of 2012.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Black Sabbath released a heavy metal album in May of 2012.,{ entailment } The year 2012 and wether an album was released was not mentioned in the statement. I think the system misses sublties like these. +" Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. How is asthma classified? ",How is asthma classified?," according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate " +" Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica? ",What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?, economic part +" In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna. Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries? ",Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?, India and Pakistan +" Uranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitride, and halide compounds. Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C. Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often created with uranium hydride? ","Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often created with uranium hydride?", nitride +"Using the premise: 'James King of William (January 28, 1822 – May 20, 1856) was a crusading San Francisco, California, newspaper editor whose assassination by a criminal in 1856 resulted in the establishment of the second San Francisco Vigilance Committee and changed the politics of the city. King was among the first newspapermen to be honored by the California Journalism Hall of Fame.' , decide if the conclusion: 'James King of William died when he was 34' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",James King of William died when he was 34,"{ contradiction } It is correct because the dates given are 34 years apart, meaning he died when he was 34. The system doesn't recognize these dates as born/died" +"Analyze the premise: 'KnowledgeWare was a software company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia co-founded by James Martin and run by Fran Tarkenton. It produced a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool called IEW (Information Engineering Workbench). KnowledgeWare was sold to Sterling Software in 1994, which was in its turn acquired by Computer Associates.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'KnowledgeWare produced an interesting Computer Aided Software Engineering tool that enables people to fly' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",KnowledgeWare produced an interesting Computer Aided Software Engineering tool that enables people to fly,{ neutral } The software cannot enable people to fly so my statement is incorrect +" In response to Madero's letter to action, Pascual Orozco (a wealthy mining baron) and Chihuahua Governor Abraham González formed a powerful military union in the north, taking military control of several northern Mexican cities with other revolutionary leaders, including Pancho Villa. Against Madero's wishes, Orozco and Villa fought for and won Ciudad Juárez. After militias loyal to Madero defeated the Mexican federal army, on May 21, 1911, Madero signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez with Díaz. It required that Díaz abdicate his rule and be replaced by Madero. Insisting on a new election, Madero won overwhelmingly in late 1911, and he established a liberal democracy and received support from the United States and popular leaders such as Orozco and Villa. Orozco eventually became disappointed with the Madero's government and led a rebellion against him. He organized his own army, called ""Orozquistas""—also called the Colorados (""Red Flaggers"")—after Madero refused to agree to social reforms calling for better working hours, pay and conditions. The rural working class, which had supported Madero, now took up arms against him in support of Orozco. Orozco and Villa fought for and won which city? ",Orozco and Villa fought for and won which city?, Ciudad Juárez +" Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. What have a and e done in eastern dialects? ",What have a and e done in eastern dialects?, merged +" From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, ""We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons."" The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): ""We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics."" The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: ""Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking"" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting. What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under? ",What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?, Pope Innocent III +"Given the premise: 'The Memphis Police Department is moving out of the tenth floor of 201 Poplar Avenue. This includes Central Records, where you can obtain any police or traffic report. The department is moving to 170 North Main, the Old State Building at the intersection of Poplar. As a part of the relocation, central records will be closed Friday, May 5. Copyright 2017 WMC Action News 5. All rights reserved.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Memphis Police Department is moving out of 170 North Main on May 5. As a part of the relocation, central records will be closed.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The Memphis Police Department is moving out of 170 North Main on May 5. As a part of the relocation, central records will be closed.","{ entailment } he Memphis Police Department is moving *into* 170 North Main, not out of. The system caught only the correct statement at the end." +" Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits. What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany? ",What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?, a municipality +"Examine the information in 'For example, by suggesting that the Minister of Labour uses parliamentary immunity to take an unfair action against a person, he is implying that if he spoke outside the House of Commons the Minister of Labour would be subject to some kind of civil suit, so he is imputing motives to the Minister of Labour.' Is the statement: 'The Minister of Labor is suggesting that they all don't not go out for pizza later.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Minister of Labor is suggesting that they all don't not go out for pizza later.,"{ contradiction } The minister says nothing about pizza, but I guess the AI is confused." +"Examine the premise: 'Let us reform the budget so that some day the working poor will pay no income tax, so that some day seniors on fixed incomes will no longer fear the taxman coming, so that some day all taxpayers will pay the same percentage rate of taxation, so that some day the federal government will live within modest means and help rather than hurt, and so that some day we will have viable universal medicare for everyone.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'If the budget is reformed then low earners will take home more of their pay' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",If the budget is reformed then low earners will take home more of their pay,{ neutral } The context states that if the budget is reformed then 'the working poor will pay no income tax'. The system did likely not understand the phrase 'take home more of their pay' as meaning they will pay less tax. +" In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they ""hunt the King's deer"". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all. The importance of can be seen in what legends? ",The importance of can be seen in what legends?, Robin Hood +" The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can also occur. Early red LEDs were notable for their short service life. With the development of high-power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperatures and higher current densities than traditional devices. This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation. To quantitatively classify useful lifetime in a standardized manner it has been suggested to use L70 or L50, which are the runtimes (typically given in thousands of hours) at which a given LED reaches 70% and 50% of initial light output, respectively. What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs? ",What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs?, higher junction temperatures +"From the facts presented in '""Day In, Day Out"" is a song written by Marv Green and Thom McHugh, and recorded by American country music artist David Kersh. It was released in May 1997 as the fourth single from his album ""Goodnight Sweetheart"". The song reached number 11 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in September 1997.' , decide if the statement: 'In September 1997, there were eleven songs higher on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart than ""Day In, Day Out.""' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","In September 1997, there were eleven songs higher on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart than ""Day In, Day Out.""",{ entailment } The song peaked at number 11; this means that there were ten songs higher on the list. +" In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the ""Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma"" to the ""Union of Myanmar"" in 1989. Who lead the government coup in 1988 ? ",Who lead the government coup in 1988 ?, General Saw Maung +"Examine the information in 'Shortcut Island is a crescent-shaped island 0.4 mi long, with three prominent indentations of the north shore, lying 0.7 mi SSE of Gamage Point and Palmer Station along the SW coast of Anvers Island. The suggestive name was given by Palmer Station personnel. The narrow, deep channel separating this island from Anvers Island is a shortcut from the station to the Biscoe Bay area by water.' Is the statement: 'Shortcut Island is a huge island' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Shortcut Island is a huge island,{ neutral } It is only .4 miles long meaning it is pretty small +"Examine the premise: 'Two of Gianni Versace's favorite buzzwords were quality and future, so after the 50-year-old designer was murdered last July outside his Miami Beach, Fla. mansion, it was somehow inevitable that his family would have to go about putting those words together: They had to ask themselves how they could ensure the future of the company Versace had built without sacrificing its reputation for quality.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Gianni Versace never got to celebrate his 51st birthday, or any birthday after that' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Gianni Versace never got to celebrate his 51st birthday, or any birthday after that","{ neutral } He was 50 years old when he died, so he will never get to celebrate his 51st birthday" +" On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps. The acquisition seeks to use Watson for weather analytics and predictions. The acquisition does not include The Weather Channel itself, which will enter into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its data. The sale closed on January 29, 2016 Bain Capital is a holding company of which company? ",Bain Capital is a holding company of which company?, The Weather Company +" Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rocket firing. After his successful return, Shepard was celebrated as a national hero, honored with parades in Washington, New York and Los Angeles, and received the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy. The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom? ",The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?, Alan Shepard +"Consider the premise in: 'Comet in Moominland (Swedish: ""Kometjakten"" / ""Mumintrollet på kometjakt"" / ""Kometen kommer"") is the second in Tove Jansson's series of Moomin books. Published in 1946, it marks the first appearance of several main characters, like Snufkin and the Snork Maiden.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The character Snufkin doesn't live in Moominland in the book Comet in Moominland.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The character Snufkin doesn't live in Moominland in the book Comet in Moominland.,"{ entailment } The character Snufkin appears in the book, but we don't have any information about where the character lives. I made it difficult because I mentioned Moominland and the title of the book, Comet in Moominland, which were both in the paragraph." +" For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as ""Philadelphia rows"". A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia. While newer homes are scattered throughout the city, much of the housing is from the early 20th century or older. The great age of the homes has created numerous problems, including blight and vacant lots in many parts of the city, while other neighborhoods such as Society Hill, which has the largest concentration of 18th-century architecture in the United States, have been rehabilitated and gentrified. Which neighborhood has the oldest housing in America? ",Which neighborhood has the oldest housing in America?, Society Hill +"With the premise: 'Finding Neverland, a British-American historical fantasy drama film released in 2004, is about playwright J. M. Barrie and his relationship with a family who inspired him to create ""Peter Pan"", directed by Marc Forster. The screenplay by David Magee is based on the play ""The Man Who Was Peter Pan"" by Allan Knee.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Finding Neverland, a British-American historical fantasy drama film, debuted fifteen years ago. ' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Finding Neverland, a British-American historical fantasy drama film, debuted fifteen years ago. ","{ contradiction } The film debuted in 2004, fifteen years ago. " +"Consider the premise in: 'Yellowjackets Basketball Sweep Lions at Home Both UWS basketball teams got wins at home over Finlandia. SUPERIOR, Wisc. – Senior Hannah Norlin finished with 19 points and 15 rebounds as the Wisconsin-Superior women’s basketball team knocked off Finlandia 83-66 Monday night at the Mertz Mortorelli Gym. Eva Reinertsen also chipped in with 19 points to help the Yellowjackets win their third straight game. On the men’s side, freshman Carter Brown knocked down seven three-pointers to lead the team with 23 points in a win over the Lions.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Carter brown was a man.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Carter brown was a man.,{ contradiction } He played for the mens team so he was a man. +" Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars. Nevertheless, diverse fields such as business, industry, sports, the sciences, and the performing arts all incorporate some notion of time into their respective measuring systems. Some simple definitions of time include ""time is what clocks measure"", which is a problematically vague and self-referential definition that utilizes the device used to measure the subject as the definition of the subject, and ""time is what keeps everything from happening at once"", which is without substantive meaning in the absence of the definition of simultaneity in the context of the limitations of human sensation, observation of events, and the perception of such events. Fields such as business, industry, sports, science, and performing arts incorporate some notion of what into their measuring systems? ","Fields such as business, industry, sports, science, and performing arts incorporate some notion of what into their measuring systems?", time +" For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis. What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model? ",What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?, deeply flawed +" Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints. What were a large number of the local documents in regards to? ",What were a large number of the local documents in regards to?, lawsuits and other legal matters +" The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its ""mind-only"" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. What Indian thinkers were early idealists? ",What Indian thinkers were early idealists?, Hindu +" The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsibilities. Such milestones include driving a vehicle, having legal sexual relations, serving in the armed forces or on a jury, purchasing and drinking alcohol, voting, entering into contracts, finishing certain levels of education, and marriage. Adolescence is usually accompanied by an increased independence allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including less supervision as compared to preadolescence. Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility? ","Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility?", different ages +"Given the context: 'Robert Alexander Crookston Laidlaw {'1': "", '2': "", '3': "", '4': ""} (8 September 1885 – 12 March 1971) was a New Zealand business man who founded the Farmers Trading Company, one of the largest department store chains in New Zealand. He was also a Christian writer and philanthropist and a well-known lay preacher in the Open Brethren movement.' , classify the statement: 'The Farmers Trading Company is a successful department store in Oceania' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Farmers Trading Company is a successful department store in Oceania,"{ neutral } It says in the context: "" Farmers Trading Company, one of the largest department store chains in New Zealand."" So, it is one of the largest department stores ( successful) It is in the country New Zealand, on the continent of Oceania. Therefore, the statement ""The Farmers Trading Company is a successful department store in Oceania"" Is DEFINITELY CORRECT" +" In recent decades, the literacy rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (the rise in female literacy being 23%). At the Census 2011, Rajasthan had a literacy rate of 67.06% (80.51% male and 52.66% female). Although Rajasthan's literacy rate is below the national average of 74.04% and although its female literacy rate is the lowest in the country, the state has been praised for its efforts and achievements in raising male and female literacy rates. What was the literacy rate of Rajasthan in 2001? ",What was the literacy rate of Rajasthan in 2001?, 60.41% +" The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine. What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts? ","What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts? ", The Farmington Canal Trail +"Consider the premise in: 'Sick day from work
Tina was not feeling well. So she decided to take a sick day from work. She was hesitant because she hated sick days. But she called her boss. Luckily her boss let her stay in and just relax.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'her boss lacks empathy' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",her boss lacks empathy,"{ neutral } her boss has empathy, he let her stay home and told her to relax.if the system doesnt uderstand what empathy means it will be confused" +"Given the detailed context: 'TNT is a Norwegian heavy metal band from Trondheim, formed in 1982. The band has released twelve studio albums, three EPs and three live albums while going through numerous line-up changes since its formation. Guitarist Ronni Le Tekrø is the only consistent member of TNT. TNT has sold between 4-5 million albums worldwide as of 2016.', judge whether the statement: 'Tekro plays lead guitar.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tekro plays lead guitar.,"{ entailment } I'm not sure why it had difficulty. The paragraph reads ""Guitarist Ronni Le Tekrø is the only consistent member of TNT."" he could play rhythm or lead, but it doesn't state which. So the statement could be true or not. " +" Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a ""Chocolate District"" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan. What type of food is NYC's leading food export? ",What type of food is NYC's leading food export?, Chocolate +"Examine the information in 'Self-sufficiency has been turned into a formal public awareness campaign in San Francisco, by Mayor Gavin Newsom.' Is the statement: 'Gavin Newsom does not want his job' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Gavin Newsom does not want his job,{ contradiction } The job assumes it is incorrect that he does not want his job but this is only an assumption the system makes. +" Some organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphates). After one day, one gram of bacteria can encrust themselves with nine grams of uranyl phosphate crystals; this creates the possibility that these organisms could be used in bioremediation to decontaminate uranium-polluted water. The proteobacterium Geobacter has also been shown to bioremediate uranium in ground water. The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices increases uranium content in the roots of its symbiotic plant. What is given to Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions? ",What is given to Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions?, glycerol phosphate +" About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire. The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen. Here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, which remain the two main axes of the city. The Cardo corresponds to the existing Calle de Salvador, Almoina, and the Decumanus corresponds to Calle de los Caballeros. How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC? ",How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC?, two thousand +"Given the premise: 'Frederick ""Dennis"" Greene (January 11, 1949 – September 5, 2015) was an American singer who was a member of Sha Na Na who were formed in 1969 at Columbia University in New York as the Columbia Kingsmen. The name change to Sha Na Na occurred because of another group with a similar name, which was known for the song Louie Louie.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The group Sha Na Na formed when Frederick ""Dennis"" Greene was 21 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The group Sha Na Na formed when Frederick ""Dennis"" Greene was 21 years old.",{ neutral } He was born in 1949 and the group formed in 1969 - making him 20 when they formed. The system would have to look up the correct years for his birth and formation of the band which could be difficult. +" From 1932, it was taught that the ""little flock"" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 ""anointed"" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the ""great multitude,"" would live in a paradise restored on earth; from 1935, new converts to the movement were considered part of that class. By the mid-1930s, the timing of the beginning of Christ's presence (Greek: parousía), his enthronement as king, and the start of the ""last days"" were each moved to 1914. When was the start of the last days moved to in the mid-1930s? ",When was the start of the last days moved to in the mid-1930s?, 1914 +"From the information in: 'How to replace a dream lite led bulb
Prepare. Arrange your tools on a clean flat surface and have all your tools at hand. Make sure you have enough space to move around as well as keeping your soldering iron at a safe distance while not in use.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'It does not ever mention a incandescent bulb' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It does not ever mention a incandescent bulb,"{ neutral } The original statement never mentions an incandescent bulb, only an LED." +" On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: ""You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture"". When did Le Corbusier live and write? ",When did Le Corbusier live and write?, 20th-century +"Given the detailed context: 'How to smooth frizzy hair
Wash with a moisturizing shampoo. Frizz is often caused by dryness, so it's important to restore moisture to your hair in the shower. Always use a sulfate-free shampoo.', judge whether the statement: 'Always use a shampoo-free shampoo.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Always use a shampoo-free shampoo.,{ entailment } I replaced sulfate with shampoo. This statement is obviously incorrect because it tries to state that you should use shampoo without using shampoo. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Sunday Live with Adam Boulton was a weekend news and political show on Sky News and on Sky News HD, presented by Sky News' Political Editor Adam Boulton. From January 2011, the programme was replaced with ""Murnaghan"", a similar show presented by Dermot Murnaghan. Boulton moved to a new weekday show at 13:00 on Sky News.' , determine if the claim: 'it was rather political in nature' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",it was rather political in nature,{ neutral } The context states that the show was political. The model most certainly got it wrong because it couldn't figure out what I was referring to when I said 'it' +"Given the detailed context: 'The Volkswagen Golf Estate, also known as the Volkswagen Golf Sportswagen in the United States, and the Volkswagen Golf Variant in other countries, is the estate/station wagon version of the Volkswagen Golf Mk3, Mk4, Mk5 and Mk6, first introduced in 1993.', judge whether the statement: 'The Volkswagen Golf Estate was not introduced in the 1980's.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Volkswagen Golf Estate was not introduced in the 1980's.,"{ contradiction } The statement is definitely corrected because the Volkswagen Golf Estate was released in 1993. By saying it was NOT released in the 1980's, I think this fooled the system." +" In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911). The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians, while the latter book was intended for a larger audience, covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations. Principia Mathematica in particular is regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century. With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead collaborate to write Principia Mathematica? ",With what mathematician and philosopher did Whitehead collaborate to write Principia Mathematica?, Bertrand Russell +"Based on the details provided in: 'Helena Suková (] ) (born 23 February 1965) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. During her career, she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, 9 of them in women's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles. She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles.' , determine if the claim: 'Helena Suková started playing tennis in 1965 and won her first Grand Slam double title in 1972.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Helena Suková started playing tennis in 1965 and won her first Grand Slam double title in 1972.,{ neutral } Helena Suková was born in 1965 and can therefore not have started playing tennis in the same year. She was 7 years old in 1972 and could not have won her first Grand Slam double title in that year. +"From the facts presented in 'Latin Jam Workout is a Latin Dance Fitness Program created by professional athlete and choreographer JP Santana. Founded in 2007 in Los Angeles, California, Latin Jam Workout combines techno and Latin music with dance and aerobic movements. It is a fusion of Latin dance steps such as Salsa, Merengue, Raeggaeton, Cumbia, Samba, Soca, Belly-Dancing and the faster-paced rhythms of Pop and Techno.' , decide if the statement: 'Ernest Guiraud is a Citizen of France born in the United states of America' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Ernest Guiraud is a Citizen of France born in the United states of America,{ contradiction } Enerst Guiraud is a FRENCH (France citizen) composer born in Louisiana which is in the United States of America +" Saint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 kilometres (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,255 (2008 census). It was named after Saint Helena of Constantinople. What ocean is Saint Helena located in? ",What ocean is Saint Helena located in?, South Atlantic Ocean +"Given the detailed context: 'Fowler (ankle) was listed as a limited participant in Thursday's practice, Nicki Jhabvala of The Denver Post reports. Like top receiver Demaryius Thomas (hamstring), Fowler failed to practice Wednesday before increasing his involvement a day later. Both players don't look to be in any serious danger of missing Sunday's game against the Patriots, but Fowler won't offer nearly as much fantasy intrigue as Thomas nor Emmanuel Sanders, who returned from a two-game absence to play in the Week 9 loss to the Eagles.', judge whether the statement: 'fowler is not as popular' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",fowler is not as popular,"{ neutral } it states fowler doesn't bring as much fantasy as the other two players, therefore he is not as popular as them" +" The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War. When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military? ",When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?, Second Boer War +"Using the premise: 'Paulina Gómez Torres (born 29 July 1991) known professionally as Paulina Goto is a Mexican actress, singer, and television hostess, who first gained popularity for her debut role in the Mexican telenovela ""Niña de mi Corazón"" in 2010. She was a member of the popular Mexican-Argentine pop group, Eme 15, formed by Televisa producer Pedro Damián, from 2011 to 2014.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Paulina Gota first stared in a telenova as a child and gained her fame from there.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Paulina Gota first stared in a telenova as a child and gained her fame from there.,{ neutral } It states that she gained her popularity from a Mexican Telenovela +" A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale. What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale? ",What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?," they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa " +" The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, and the rural hinterland. The campaign was not successful, and Plymouth ceased to be a county borough on 1 April 1974 with responsibility for education, social services, highways and libraries transferred to Devon County Council. All powers returned when the city become a unitary authority on 1 April 1998 under recommendations of the Banham Commission. What document suggested that county boroughs be eliminated? ",What document suggested that county boroughs be eliminated?, 1971 Local Government White Paper +" Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed] From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself? ",From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself?, Axis +"Given the premise: 'Mate Pavić (born 4 July 1993) is a Croatian professional tennis player specialising in doubles. Mate won the 2016 US Open mixed doubles title in partnership with Laura Siegemund, and reached the 2017 Wimbledon Championships men's doubles finals partnering Oliver Marach.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Laura Siegemund is a tennis player who specialises in doubles.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Laura Siegemund is a tennis player who specialises in doubles.,"{ entailment } The statement is neither correct nor incorrect because that information is not indicated about Laura Siegemund. I think the AI is confused by all the different details in the context, including the fact that Siegemund was part of the doubles pair in which Mate (a specialist in doubles) won." +"Given the context: 'Mosquito County (also labeled on maps as Musquito County) is the historic name of one of the early counties that once comprised most of the east part of Florida. Originally Mosquito County covered the entire eastern part of Florida area presently including all of Volusia, Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie, Martin, Seminole, Osceola, Orange, Lake, Polk and Palm Beach counties.' , classify the statement: 'Mosquito County is not an official name, but a name used to refer to certain parts of Florida.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Mosquito County is not an official name, but a name used to refer to certain parts of Florida.","{ contradiction } The statement doesn't say ""Mosquito County"" is an unofficial name, but infers it. I think it's tough for the system to see these intricacies." +"With the premise: 'Carol Goodman, also known under the pseudonym Juliet Dark, is an American professor and author of gothic fiction. She has also written under the pseudonym Lee Carroll with her husband Lee Slominsky. Goodman currently serves as a creative writing professor at the State University of New York at New Paltz.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Lee Slominsky has no relation to Juliet Dark.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Lee Slominsky has no relation to Juliet Dark.,"{ neutral } Juliet Dark is the pen name of Carol Goodman. Lee Slominsky is also a pen name for Carol Goodman. They are all the same person, hence related." +"With the given context: 'Don Sinclair Davis, PhD (August 4, 1942 – June 29, 2008) was an American character actor best-known for playing General Hammond in the television series ""Stargate SG-1"" (1997–2007), and earlier for playing Major Garland Briggs on the television series ""Twin Peaks"" (1990–1991). He was also a theater professor, painter, and United States Army captain.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Don Sinclair Davis, PhD had real life experience to help him in his best known roles.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Don Sinclair Davis, PhD had real life experience to help him in his best known roles.","{ neutral } Don SInclair Davis, PhD was in the military, and his best known roles are that of men in the military, so he was able to draw from his experience in the military to channel Major Briggs and later General Hammond, both of whom are military characters themselves." +" Integral to the story of the origin of the name ""Antarctica"" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction: What country was given the name Terra Australis instead of Antarctica? ",What country was given the name Terra Australis instead of Antarctica?, Australia +" The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters, though such inventions are rarely included in official character sets. The number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory. What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory? ",What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory?, number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries +" The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.) What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election? ",What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?, MoveOn.org +"Based on the details provided in: 'Fake prehistoric rock art of a caveman with a shopping trolley has been hung on the walls of the British Museum.' , determine if the claim: 'The art is an original piece' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The art is an original piece,{ contradiction } Isn't known when the piece was painted +"Considering the context: 'Forgetting the Fire
Margo was cooking when Ted knocked at her door. She forgot to turn off the stove while she visited with Ted. Margo and Ted soon smelled something strange. Margo realized it was her food! Margo ran to the kitchen and turned off the fire.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'She and Ted sat down on the couch and started a conversation.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",She and Ted sat down on the couch and started a conversation.,{ contradiction } According to the text they were talking and we don't know where they were talking at. +" Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title ""Master of Vajradhara"" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616, but just like his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey. Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616? ",Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?, Yonten Gyatso +" At about the same time, the word ""humanism"" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German government. There has been a persistent confusion between the several uses of the terms: philanthropic humanists look to what they consider their antecedents in critical thinking and human-centered philosophy among the Greek philosophers and the great figures of Renaissance history; and scholarly humanists stress the linguistic and cultural disciplines needed to understand and interpret these philosophers and artists. What was the main difference between humanism and the religions of the time? ",What was the main difference between humanism and the religions of the time?, centred on humankind +" Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister? ",How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?, for the remainder of Victoria's reign +"From the information in: 'We Were Soldiers is a 2002 American war film that dramatizes the Battle of Ia Drang on November 14, 1965. The film was directed by Randall Wallace and stars Mel Gibson. It is based on the book ""We Were Soldiers Once… And Young"" (1992) by Lieutenant General (Ret.) Hal Moore and reporter Joseph L. Galloway, both of whom were at the battle.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'We Were Soldiers took place the month after October of 1965.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",We Were Soldiers took place the month after October of 1965.,{ contradiction } The month after october is november which is he correct month. +" Norfolk Island (i/ˈnɔːrfək ˈaɪlənd/; Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, 1,412 kilometres (877 mi) directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head, and about 900 kilometres (560 mi) from Lord Howe Island. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's external territories. It has 1,796 inhabitants living on a total area of about 35 km2 (14 sq mi). Its capital is Kingston. How many people live on Norfolk Island? ",How many people live on Norfolk Island?," 1,796 " +"Examine the information in 'Miit is a Hindi language Indian television series that aired on Zee TV channel in 2003, Monday through Thursday evenings. The show is based on the novel ""Noukadubi"", written by the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore in 1905. It follows the concept of mistaken identities, where a woman is thought to be someone who died in a train mishap.' Is the statement: 'Miit is a Hindi language television show transmitted every evening.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Miit is a Hindi language television show transmitted every evening.,"{ entailment } The TV show is transmitted from Monday through Thursday, no every evenings." +" The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the northeast and New Mexico to the north. The state is made up of three geologic regions: Mountains, Plains-Valleys, and Desert, which occur in large bands from west to east. Because of the different geologic regions there are contrasting climates and ecosystems. What percentage of the country does it make up? ",What percentage of the country does it make up?, 12.6% +" In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians. What made Armenia so easily invadable? ",What made Armenia so easily invadable?, strategic location between two continents +" In the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian Army—though these went mainly unheeded. An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province. The Franco-Prussian War thus turned out to be a significant event also in German–Polish relations, marking the beginning of a prolonged period of repressive measures by the authorities and efforts at Germanisation. What was there strong support of in Posen? ",What was there strong support of in Posen?, the French +"Analyze the premise: 'Asana ( ) is a web and mobile application designed to help teams track their work. It was founded in 2008 by Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz and ex-engineer Justin Rosenstein, who both worked on improving the productivity of employees at Facebook.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Asana is on a phone.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Asana is on a phone.,{ neutral } Apps are on phones. +" Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun. What do reflector cookers require to function? ",What do reflector cookers require to function?, direct light +"Examine the information in 'The CBO said very clearly that if you were to adopt the president's plan, there would be a $2 trillion hole in Social Security, because today's workers pay in to the system for today's retirees. And the CBO said -- that's the Congressional Budget Office; it's bipartisan -- they said that there would have to be a cut in benefits of 25 percent to 40 percent.' Is the statement: 'The CBO does not support the presidents plan' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The CBO does not support the presidents plan,"{ entailment } It doesn't say if they support it or not, they just said there'd have to be cuts. " +"Considering the context: '(b) are comparable to the employee benefits of the employee immediately before ceasing to be an employee of the local port corporation and at a rate of contribution by the employee not greater than the rate that was applicable in respect of the employee immediately before ceasing to be an employee of the local port corporation; and' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The benefits will remain relatively the same after leaving the employment as just before leaving.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The benefits will remain relatively the same after leaving the employment as just before leaving.,"{ neutral } It sates "" are comparable to the employee benefits of the employee immediately before ceasing to be an employee of the local port corporation""" +" Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms ""frequency"" and ""wavelength"" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotlight is more intense than the light from a domestic lightbulb; that is to say that the spotlight gives out more energy per unit time and per unit space(and hence consumes more electricity) than the ordinary bulb, even though the colour of the light might be very similar. Other waves, such as sound or the waves crashing against a seafront, also have their own intensity. However, the energy account of the photoelectric effect didn't seem to agree with the wave description of light. What other types of wave besides light has its own intensity? ",What other types of wave besides light has its own intensity?, sound +" In 1952, the United States elected a new president, and on 29 November 1952, the president-elect, Dwight D. Eisenhower, went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War. With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel. Upon agreeing to the armistice, the belligerents established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has since been patrolled by the KPA and ROKA, United States, and Joint UN Commands. Along with the Joint UN Commands, ROKA and KPA, what country also still patrols the demilitarized zone? ","Along with the Joint UN Commands, ROKA and KPA, what country also still patrols the demilitarized zone?", United States +" In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on ""one province to one affected county"" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget. What is the basis for this plan? ",What is the basis for this plan?, one province to one affected county +" The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government. What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently? ","What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently?", immigration +"Consider the premise in: 'Western Springs is a residential suburb and park in the city of Auckland in the north of New Zealand. It is located four kilometres to the west of the city centre, Auckland CBD. The park is situated to the north of State Highway 16 and the residential suburb is located southeast of the park on the opposite side of State Highway 16.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Western Springs is know for its mining industry' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Western Springs is know for its mining industry,{ contradiction } the paragraph does not state what western springs is known for therefore there is no way to tell if Western Springs is know for its mining industry. the system may have missed this as it is not explicitly stated above +" During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales. Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism? ",Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?, Elizabeth +" In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this ""dog"" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category ""hound"". By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting. The word ""hound"" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- ""dog"". What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound? ",What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?, mastiff. +" Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002). What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin? ",What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin?, Cornel Wilde +" The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadcast Reporters Without Borders' disruption of the torch lighting ceremony), whereas Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased. The French newspaper Libération was criticised by the Chinese State press agency Xinhua for its allegedly biased reporting; Xinhua suggested that Lib��ration needed ""a stinging slap in the face"" for having ""insulted the Olympic flame"" and ""supported a handful of saboteurs"". The Chinese State Press said the French newspaper was supporting a handful of what? ",The Chinese State Press said the French newspaper was supporting a handful of what?, saboteurs +"Reflect on the information in: 'Join Mix 106.5 this Sunday from 11am to 1pm at the Giant on Daybreak Circle in Clarksville and help a family in need this holiday season! Giant's ""Food for Families"" drive is in full swing – just drop off non-perishable items in our bins at the front of the store. From canned cranberry sauce and pumpkin to boxed stuffing – all items will be donated to local Feeding America Food banks, ensuring that local families have a happy Thanksgiving. The food drive ends on on November 23rd so be sure to donate early!' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mix 106.5 will be at the Giant on Daybreak Circle in Clarksville on Sunday for only 1 hour.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mix 106.5 will be at the Giant on Daybreak Circle in Clarksville on Sunday for only 1 hour.,"{ entailment } They will be there from 11 am to 1 pm, which is more than 1 hour. It's difficult because the system might be confusing 1 pm with 1 hour." +"Based on the details provided in: '""Thank You"" is the third single by heavy metal band Hellyeah from their debut album ""Hellyeah"". The song is a tribute to all of the band's recently departed family members: Vinnie Paul's brother Dimebag Darrell, Tom Maxwell's mother, and Chad Gray's grandmother. The song reached #37 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.' , determine if the claim: 'Chad Gray's grandmother was influential to him.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Chad Gray's grandmother was influential to him.,"{ neutral } If the song was a tribute to someone, obviously they were influential." +" Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands. What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas? ",What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?, 1884 +"With the given context: 'The 2007 Hertsmere Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Hertsmere Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Conservative party was not in control of the council prior to the 2007 elections.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Conservative party was not in control of the council prior to the 2007 elections.,"{ neutral } If the Conservative party stayed in control of the council in the 2007 elections, it would be presumed the the Conservative party was in control prior to the 2007 elections. " + The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns. What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection? ,What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection?, 1.8% +" Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism. When was the Synod of Dort? ",When was the Synod of Dort?, 1619 +" It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: ""Great Wenchuan earthquake""), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage. What was the focal depth of the quake? ",What was the focal depth of the quake?, 19 km +"Examine the information in '""Sneakin'"" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake and American rapper 21 Savage. London on da Track assisted the artists in writing the song and is also the producer. ""Sneakin'"" was released for digital download on October 29, 2016, through Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records.' Is the statement: '""Sneakin'"" was released for digital download less than a year ago.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","""Sneakin'"" was released for digital download less than a year ago.","{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it was released in 2016, which is more than a year ago. It's difficult for the system because it requires comparing dates in the past to the current date, which seems difficult for the system in my experience." +"From the information in: '""Fast Lane"" was the third single released in 2001 by American R&B/soul singer-songwriter Bilal, from his debut studio album, ""1st Born Second"". The song peaked at no. 41 on Billboards R&B Singles chart. The music video for the remix featuring Dr. Dre & Jadakiss was directed by Sanaa Hamri.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Bilel released multiple singles in 2001. Fast lane was the first to be on bilboards R&B singles chart' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bilel released multiple singles in 2001. Fast lane was the first to be on bilboards R&B singles chart,{ entailment } It dosent say whether i was first +" The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen. When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power? ",When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?, 12th century +" When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field, initially built during World War I, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators. The Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence. Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years. What world event caused this increased need for petrochemicals? ",What world event caused this increased need for petrochemicals?, World War II +" After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. In 1958, Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term ""military–industrial complex"". In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite? ",In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite?, 1957 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Honourable senators, I give notice that on Tuesday, September 21, 1999, I shall call the attention of the Senate to the financing of post-secondary education in Canada and particularly that portion of the financing that is borne by students, with a view to developing policies that will address and alleviate the debt load which post-secondary students are being burdened with in Canada.' . Does the hypothesis: 'the senate will be financing post secondary education till no longer able in the country of canada' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",the senate will be financing post secondary education till no longer able in the country of canada,{ contradiction } It did not give any frame of time to when it would stop +"Analyze the premise: 'Lubriderm is a hand and body lotion first created by the Texas Pharamacal Company of San Antonio. The company was sold to Warner Lambert and later Lubriderm was sold to Pfizer. It was then purchased by Johnson & Johnson and is now one of their consumer products.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Johnson & Johnson was first created in 1965.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Johnson & Johnson was first created in 1965.,{ contradiction } Pfizer bought Lubriderm from Warner Lambert for 3.2 million dollars. +"Given the detailed context: 'In 1969, he drew up the report proposing the expulsion from the party of the Manifesto group. In 1984, after Berlinguer's death, Natta was elected as party secretary.', judge whether the statement: 'Berlinguer has more than 18 letters.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Berlinguer has more than 18 letters.,"{ neutral } Berlinguer has only 10 letters, which is less than 18, so the statement is definitely incorrect." +" Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003. What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended? ",What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?, 23% +" Lamps designed for different voltages have different luminous efficacy. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A lamp with the same rated lifetime but designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and a similar lamp designed for 30 volts (train lighting) would produce as much as 19.8 lumens per watt. Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating. They can run hotter for the same lifetime before the filament evaporates. How many lumens per watt does a typical train light produce? ",How many lumens per watt does a typical train light produce?, as much as 19.8 lumens per watt +" Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the upper classes. Landholding patterns in the West were not uniform; some areas had greatly fragmented landholding patterns, but in other areas large contiguous blocks of land were the norm. These differences allowed for a wide variety of peasant societies, some dominated by aristocratic landholders and others having a great deal of autonomy. Land settlement also varied greatly. Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants. Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside. There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems. Unlike in the late Roman period, there was no sharp break between the legal status of the free peasant and the aristocrat, and it was possible for a free peasant's family to rise into the aristocracy over several generations through military service to a powerful lord. What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era? ",What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era?, archaeology +" On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about ""self-management"" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about ""self Management""? ","In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about ""self Management""?", 1950 +" A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end ""with some kind of stick or knife"" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public. Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi? ",Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?, Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi +" Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and other stresses), its internal environment (e.g. cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status), and its specific role if in a multicellular organism. Gene expression can be regulated at any step: from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, to post-translational modification of the protein. The regulation of lactose metabolism genes in E. coli (lac operon) was the first such mechanism to be described in 1961. At which step can gene expression be regulated? ",At which step can gene expression be regulated?, at any step +" Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. Therefore, potential risks of side-effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. What belief should bever be mixed widespread? ",What belief should bever be mixed widespread?, alcohol and antibiotics +"With the given context: 'Green Day, who arrived at the venue in the vintage green convertible from their gritty ""Boulevard of Broken Dreams"" video, won best rock video and video of the year for the clip and two of their leading eight nominations.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Green Day made three speeches at the awards show.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Green Day made three speeches at the awards show.,"{ neutral } Green Day won two awards, therefore making two speeches. The AI doesn't know how award shows operate." +"Using the premise: 'Ekaterina ""Katia"" Alexandrovna Gordeeva (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Гордеева ) (born May 28, 1971) is a Russian (former Soviet) figure skater. Together with her partner and husband, the late Sergei Grinkov, she was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion in pair skating. After Grinkov's death, Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Sergei Grinkov was a world champion singles skater.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Sergei Grinkov was a world champion singles skater.,"{ contradiction } Sergei Grinkov could be a singles skater but we do not know based on the information given. It was difficult for the system because although the information points to Grinkov being a skater, it does not specify if he was also a singles skater." +"With the premise: 'The 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup will be the 22nd edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Since its inception in 1978 as the FIFA World Youth Championship the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup will be the 22nd edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Since its inception in 1978 as the FIFA World Youth Championship the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup will be the 22nd edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA.",{ entailment } It's inception was in 1977 not 1978. A slight change in the number but added a lot of the same talk. +" Recent studies, as by the APG, show that the monocots form a monophyletic group (clade) but that the dicots do not (they are paraphyletic). Nevertheless, the majority of dicot species do form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade known as the magnoliids, containing about 9,000 species. The rest include a paraphyletic grouping of primitive species known collectively as the basal angiosperms, plus the families Ceratophyllaceae and Chloranthaceae. How many species dicot species are magnoliids? ",How many species dicot species are magnoliids?," about 9,000 " +"Given the context: 'The Steyr M1912, also known as the Steyr-Hahn, is a semi-automatic pistol developed in 1911 by the Austrian firm Steyr Mannlicher and designed by Karel Krnka, based on the mechanism of the Roth–Steyr M1907. It was developed for the Austro-Hungarian Army and adopted in 1912 as the M1912. It was in service in a limited capacity for the Wehrmacht until the end of World War II.' , classify the statement: 'The name of the Steyr M1912 was based on the Austrian firm that developed it.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The name of the Steyr M1912 was based on the Austrian firm that developed it.,{ contradiction } The Austrian firm who developed the Steyr M1912 was named Steyr Mannlicher. +" A substantial number of artists and other figures have been influenced by, or complimented, West's work, including hip hop artists RZA of Wu-Tang Clan, Chuck D of Public Enemy, and DJ Premier of Gang Starr. Both Drake and Casey Veggies have acknowledged being influenced directly by West. Non-rap artists such as English singer-songwriters Adele and Lily Allen, New Zealand artist Lorde, rock band Arctic Monkeys, pop singer Halsey, Sergio Pizzorno of English rock band Kasabian and American indie rock group MGMT have cited West as an influence. Experimental and electronic artists such as James Blake Daniel Lopatin, and Tim Hecker have also cited West's work as an inspiration. Experimental rock pioneer and Velvet Underground founder Lou Reed, in a review of West's album Yeezus, wrote that ""the guy really, really, really is talented. He's really trying to raise the bar. No one's near doing what he’s doing, it’s not even on the same planet."" Musicians such as Paul McCartney and Prince have also commended West's work. Famed Tesla Motors CEO and inventor Elon Musk complimented West in a piece for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list, writing that: Who complimented West in Time Magazine? ",Who complimented West in Time Magazine?, inventor Elon Musk +" The ground-attack aircraft of the USAF are designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as close air support for, and in proximity to, U.S. ground forces. The proximity to friendly forces require precision strikes from these aircraft that are not possible with bomber aircraft listed below. They are typically deployed as close air support to ground forces, their role is tactical rather than strategic, operating at the front of the battle rather than against targets deeper in the enemy's rear. What part of a battle line are the precision strike aircraft of the USAF deployed? ",What part of a battle line are the precision strike aircraft of the USAF deployed?, front of the battle +" Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus. IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part? ",IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?, unpleasantness +" According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, ""the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death."" In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, ""It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could.""[dubious – discuss] Who believes ""the outline of the life must be true"" in reference to Buddha? ","Who believes ""the outline of the life must be true"" in reference to Buddha?", Michael Carrithers +"From the facts presented in 'Vincent Paul Abbott, also known as Vinnie Paul (born March 11, 1964), is an American professional drummer and producer who is best known for being a former member, and co-founder, of the heavy metal band Pantera. He is currently a member of supergroup Hellyeah. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his late younger brother, Dimebag Darrell.' , decide if the statement: 'The main male subject of this context cofounded or was a member of more bands than the other male mentioned in this context.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The main male subject of this context cofounded or was a member of more bands than the other male mentioned in this context.,"{ entailment } It's neither correct or incorrect because we don't know how many bands his brother has been involved in. I think maybe the AI gets stumped when it doesn't have trigger terms to pick out, like proper names." +" The Ottoman Empire began to collapse, and in 1908, the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid. In April 1909, the Adana massacre occurred in the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire resulting in the deaths of as many as 20,000–30,000 Armenians. The Armenians living in the empire hoped that the Committee of Union and Progress would change their second-class status. Armenian reform package (1914) was presented as a solution by appointing an inspector general over Armenian issues. When did the Adana massacre take place? ",When did the Adana massacre take place?, April 1909 +"Given the premise: 'Colin Morgan (born 1 January, 1986) is a British/Irish film, television, theatre and radio actor best known for playing the title character in the BBC fantasy series ""Merlin"", the lead in ""The Living and the Dead"", and main roles in ""Humans"" and ""The Fall""; his stage role as Ariel in ""The Tempest""; and film roles in ""Testament of Youth"", ""Legend"" and """".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Colin Morgan was last featured in Legend.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Colin Morgan was last featured in Legend.,{ contradiction } Colin Morgan was last featured in Legend is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because it is not stated when his last movie was. +" In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to ""focus on the rescue and relief work"" following the Sichuan earthquake. For what events was the torch relay decided to not be held? ",For what events was the torch relay decided to not be held?, Paralympic Games +" Since the early history of the United States, Amerindians, African–Americans, and European Americans have been classified as belonging to different races. Efforts to track mixing between groups led to a proliferation of categories, such as mulatto and octoroon. The criteria for membership in these races diverged in the late 19th century. During Reconstruction, increasing numbers of Americans began to consider anyone with ""one drop"" of known ""Black blood"" to be Black, regardless of appearance.3 By the early 20th century, this notion was made statutory in many states.4 Amerindians continue to be defined by a certain percentage of ""Indian blood"" (called blood quantum). To be White one had to have perceived ""pure"" White ancestry. The one-drop rule or hypodescent rule refers to the convention of defining a person as racially black if he or she has any known African ancestry. This rule meant that those that were mixed race but with some discernible African ancestry were defined as black. The one-drop rule is specific to not only those with African ancestry but to the United States, making it a particularly African-American experience. What did efforts to track mixing between different groups lead to? ",What did efforts to track mixing between different groups lead to?, a proliferation of categories +"Given the premise: 'Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls, {'1': "", '2': "", '3': "", '4': ""} (9 December 19064 June 1988) was a prominent Aboriginal Australian from the Yorta Yorta people. He was a professional athlete, Churches of Christ pastor and church planter, ceremonial officer and a pioneering campaigner for reconciliation.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls was never knighted' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Sir Douglas Ralph Nicholls was never knighted,{ neutral } does not understand that since he is a Sir he was necessarily knighted +"Consider the premise in: 'Princess Amalie ""Auguste"" of Anhalt-Dessau (German: ""Prinzessin Amalie Auguste von Anhalt-Dessau"" ; 18 August 1793 – 12 June 1854) was a German princess of Anhalt-Dessau who was Princess consort of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1816 to 1854 as the wife of Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Princess Amalie was still married when she died.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Princess Amalie was still married when she died.,{ neutral } Princess Amalie became Princess consort of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt before the age of 24. +"From the facts presented in 'Accompanied by Sioux prayers and the keening of Scottish bagpipes, a plain cotton shirt was returned to South Dakota this past summer.' , decide if the statement: 'People didn't know about the shirt.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",People didn't know about the shirt.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if people knew about it. +" The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The rapid defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army has been argued to be a significant factor in the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II, as Japan realized the Soviets were willing and able to take the cost of invasion of its Home Islands, after their rapid conquest of Manchuria and Invasion of South Sakhalin island. What was the last campaign of World War II? ",What was the last campaign of World War II?, Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation +" The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch. Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born? ",Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?, the northeastern Indian subcontinent +" Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public. They became immediately popular, supplanting ""Levant"" and ""East Indies,"" which gradually receded to minor usages and then began to change meaning. What was said must represent usage by that administration? ",What was said must represent usage by that administration?, Meadows' terminology +" The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a ""grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound"" on records such as James Cotton's ""Cotton Crop Blues"" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental ""Rumble"" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as ""Let's Go Trippin'"" (1961) and ""Misirlou"" (1962). Who recorded ""Rumble""? ","Who recorded ""Rumble""?", Link Wray +" A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open ""superclubs"" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard ""Humpty"" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the ""rebel"" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered ""ahead of their time"" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century. who began opening ""superclubs""? ","who began opening ""superclubs""?", Major record companies +" Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F). What type of climate does Cyprus have? ",What type of climate does Cyprus have?, one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean +"Considering the context: 'Jerry Janezich (born March 16, 1950) is a Minnesota politician, a former member of the Minnesota legislature, and a former candidate for the United States Senate. Janezich served two terms in the Minnesota House of Representatives, and two terms in the Minnesota Senate.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Jerry Janezich is 69 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Jerry Janezich is 69 years old.,"{ neutral } He was born in 1950, and it is 2019, making him 69 years old." +"From the facts presented in 'State Highway 34 (abbreviated SH-34) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It runs for 188.3 mi south-to-north in the western part of the state. The highway begins northeast of Eldorado, in the southwest corner of the state, and extends north to the Kansas state line between Woodward and Coldwater, Kansas.' , decide if the statement: 'State Highway 34 (abbreviated SH-34) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is over 180 miles long in the vertical direction of a map' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",State Highway 34 (abbreviated SH-34) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is over 180 miles long in the vertical direction of a map,{ neutral } It is 188.3 miles south-to-north. I used my own language +" Akbar's son, Jahangir more or less followed father's policy. The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600. The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji. Historian Sir. J.N. Sarkar wrote, ""All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now, but in reality all was lost."" The same was echoed by Vincent Smith: ""The Deccan proved to be the graveyard not only of Aurangzeb's body but also of his empire"". What famous monument did Shah Jahan build at Agra? ",What famous monument did Shah Jahan build at Agra?, Taj Mahal +" The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: ""under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."" According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people? ","According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?", frustrate his efforts +" Although many of FBI's functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. What is the FBI comparable to? ",What is the FBI comparable to?, British MI5 and the Russian FSB +" Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College. The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million. What was the largest armory in the world? ",What was the largest armory in the world?, Kingsbridge Armory +"Considering the context: 'Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons (born July 12, 1948) is an American fitness guru, actor, and comedian. He promotes weight-loss programs, prominently through his ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" line of aerobics videos and is known for his eccentric, flamboyant, and energetic personality.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons was an actor' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons was an actor","{ contradiction } It is stated that Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons was a guru, actor, and comedian. I stated that he was an actor. I think this was difficult for the system because actor was in the middle." +" North Carolina was inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of prehistoric indigenous cultures. Before 200 AD, they were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in the Piedmont, continued to build or add on to such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Its largest city was Cahokia, located in present-day Illinois near the Mississippi River. What was the largest city in the Piedmont before European contact? ",What was the largest city in the Piedmont before European contact?, Cahokia +" The song ""Tom's Diner"" by Suzanne Vega was the first song used by Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop the MP3. Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time refining the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice. The song was listened to multiple times to try and refine what? ",The song was listened to multiple times to try and refine what?, scheme +" Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment. The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deeper in 1949, when construction was resumed at the site after World War II. This was carried out without any significant damage to the structure. Who had a wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall? ",Who had a wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall?, Henry VIII +"Consider the premise in: 'Brad learns his lesson
Brad wanted to get drunk for the first time ever. He was throwing a huge party and invited all his friends. They all got drunk as they could. Brad threw up all over the place. He woke up with a massive headache and learned to never drink again.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Brad has at least 0 friends' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Brad has at least 0 friends,"{ contradiction } It says he invited all his friends, which is at least 1. 1 is at least 0. The system gets confused by this syntax of at least 0" +" In 1901, 10-inch disc records were introduced, followed in 1903 by 12-inch records. These could play for more than three and four minutes respectively, while contemporary cylinders could only play for about two minutes. In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4½ minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile. Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929. By 1919 the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them. Analog disc records would dominate the home entertainment market until they were outsold by the digital compact disc in the late 1980s (which was in turn supplanted by digital audio recordings distributed via online music stores and Internet file sharing). What disc format was the least fragile prior to 1919? ",What disc format was the least fragile prior to 1919?, Amberol cylinder +" Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office ""with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,"" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and ""take care that the laws be faithfully executed"" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight. What term can characterize the status of bodies like the War Claims Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission? ",What term can characterize the status of bodies like the War Claims Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission?, quasi-judicial +"With the given context: 'Robert Alexis ""Bob"" Nihon (born July 4, 1950 - August 10, 2007) was a Canadian businessman, one of the heirs of the Nihon family fortune and former wrestler. He was Alexis Nihon's son along with his brother Alexis Nihon, Jr., and eventually inherited a part of his father's fortune.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Nihon spent little time on his physical fitness throughout his life.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Nihon spent little time on his physical fitness throughout his life.,"{ neutral } ""spent little time on his physical fitness"" obviously not the case if he's a former wrestler. " +"Given the premise: 'Harold Abraham McRae ( ; born July 10, 1945) is a former left fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds (1968, 1970–72) and Kansas City Royals (1973–87). Utilized as a designated hitter for most of his career, McRae batted and threw right-handed. He is the father of former major league outfielder Brian McRae.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Harold Abraham McRae is currently a left fielder in Major League Baseball.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Harold Abraham McRae is currently a left fielder in Major League Baseball.,{ entailment } Har +"Using the premise: 'Samuel Eto'o Fils (] ; born 10 March 1981) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club Antalyaspor. He is the most decorated African player of all time, having won the African Player of the Year award a record four times: in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2010. He was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2005.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Samuel Eto'o Fils was born more than 1981 years ago.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Samuel Eto'o Fils was born more than 1981 years ago.,"{ entailment } He was born in 1981 which is only 38 years ago, which is not more than 1981 years ago. It's difficult because the text mentions 1981 so this easily confuses the system." +"Analyze the premise: 'Part of the AFI 100 Years… series, AFI's 100 Years…100 Songs is a list of the top 100 songs in American cinema of the 20th century. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 22, 2004, in a CBS television special hosted by John Travolta, who appeared in two films honored by the list, ""Saturday Night Fever"" and ""Grease"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The AFI 100 years has been on for 15 years.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The AFI 100 years has been on for 15 years.,{ neutral } The AFI 100 years was unveiled 15 years ago in 2004. +" Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm. Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary. Gaddafi ordered an Egyptian submarine to target the ship, but Sadat cancelled the order, fearing a military escalation. Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace? ",Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?, sandstorm +"Given the context: 'AutoZone is the second largest retailer of aftermarket automotive parts and accessories in the United States behind Advance Auto Parts. Founded in 1979, AutoZone has over 6,000 stores across the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee.' , classify the statement: 'Autozone has been around for less than 50 years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Autozone has been around for less than 50 years.,{ contradiction } It was founded in 1979 which is only 40 years ago. The system has trouble with math as it relates to years. +" The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contrasted with ""acting white"", where black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, and possibly, from the perspective of a significant number of black youth, academic achievement. How does one ""act white""? ","How does one ""act white""?", black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans +"Examine the premise: 'Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future is a 2014 book (release date September 16, 2014) by venture capitalist, PayPal co-founder, and early Facebook investor Peter Thiel along with Blake Masters. It is a condensed and updated version of a highly popular set of online notes taken by Masters for the CS183 class on startups taught by Thiel at Stanford University in Spring 2012.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Peter Thiel has released more than one book.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Peter Thiel has released more than one book.,{ entailment } No evidence to say if he has more than one book release +"With the given context: 'How to start a forum
Figure out what your specific niche will be. [substeps] Since this will be your forum, it is best to pick something in which you are interested and knowledgeable. Since there are already so many forums out there, it is best to have a defined niche.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'it is best to pick something in which you are neutral and knowledgeable so many people will join your forum' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",it is best to pick something in which you are neutral and knowledgeable so many people will join your forum,{ neutral } should be interested not neutral +"Consider the premise in: 'The 2008–09 Tour de Ski was the 3rd edition of the Tour de Ski and took place from 27 December 2008 until 4 January 2009. The race kicked off in Oberhof, Germany, and finished in Val di Fiemme, Italy. The men's event was 102 km, won by Dario Cologna of Switzerland; and the woman's event was 60 km, won by Virpi Kuitunen of Finland.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Virpi Kuitunen of Finland won the men's event.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Virpi Kuitunen of Finland won the men's event.,"{ entailment } Virpi Kuitunen won the women's event, not the men's. The system didn't flag the differences between them." +"Given the detailed context: 'Princess Antoinette of Monaco, Baroness of Massy (Antoinette Louise Alberte Suzanne Grimaldi; 28 December 1920 – 18 March 2011) was a member of the princely family of Monaco and the elder sister of Prince Rainier III and aunt of Albert II, Prince of Monaco. Her parents were Count Pierre de Polignac and Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois.', judge whether the statement: 'Princess Antoinette of Monaco Died at the age of 91' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Princess Antoinette of Monaco Died at the age of 91,{ entailment } She passed at the age of 90 +"From the facts presented in '× Stop on by the Eastern & Alger Pop-Up Market GRAND RAPIDS, Mich.– Stop by the Eastern & Alger Pop-Up Market on Saturday for all kinds of goods. Happening from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Alger Heights Business District. Shoppers can find antiques, homemade decor, and original artwork. The market runs every third Saturday through October, so if you cannot make it, just catch it again next month. It doesn’t cost anything to go, but bring your wallet to grab some good finds.' , decide if the statement: 'The market can be visited the third saturday in september.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The market can be visited the third saturday in september.,{ contradiction } This is correct because it says it is available every third saturday through october. +" On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? ",On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?," July 10, 1918 " +"Given the context: 'How to create an indoor box turtle habitat
Set up a large enough enclosure. Box turtles need a lot of room to roam like in the wild. Each turtle in your terrarium needs at least three square feet (91 cm) of floor space for every eight inches (20 cm) of their length.' , classify the statement: 'Box turtles are indoor animals.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Box turtles are indoor animals.,"{ entailment } Box turtles can be kept indoors as pets but also live in the wild, so the statement is indefinite." +" Following the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation, yielding a coherent system of verifiable predictions and replacing a previous reliance on revelation and inspired truth. Applied to public life, this approach yielded several successful campaigns for changes in social policy. What did Newton's philosophy do when applied to life, ","What did Newton's philosophy do when applied to life, ", yielded several successful campaigns for changes in social policy. +" In India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis, who also make up a sizeable portion (Sufi-oriented). Some notable establishments include: Al Jamiatul Ashrafia, Mubarakpur, Manzar Islam Bareilly, Jamia Nizamdina New Delhi, Jamia Nayeemia Muradabad which is one of the largest learning centres for the Barelvis. The HR[clarification needed] ministry of the government of India has recently[when?] declared that a Central Madrasa Board would be set up. This will enhance the education system of madaris in India. Though the madaris impart Quranic education mainly, efforts are on to include Mathematics, Computers and science in the curriculum. In July 2015, the state government of Maharashtra created a stir de-recognised madrasa education, receiving critisicm from several political parties with the NCP accusing the ruling BJP of creating Hindu-Muslim friction in the state, and Kamal Farooqui of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board saying it was ""ill-designed"" What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India? ",What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India?, Deobandis +"Given the premise: 'The Emami Kolkata Open ATP Challenger Tour (formerly known as State Bank of India ATP Challenger Tour) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Bengal Tennis Association Stadium in Kolkata, India since 2014.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Emami Kolkata Open ATP Challenger Tour was held annually at the Bengal Tennis Association Stadium in Kolkata, India until 2014.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The Emami Kolkata Open ATP Challenger Tour was held annually at the Bengal Tennis Association Stadium in Kolkata, India until 2014.","{ neutral } The Tour IS held annually at the Stadium since 2014. I stated that it was held there until then, implying it is no longer held there. I think the system was fooled because I provided many factual points and only changed a few words making it untrue." +"Examine the premise: 'How to have a good time on a field trip
Play road games. If you're not allowed to bring electronic devices on your field trip, you can pass the time with road trip games that don't require any accessories to play. Depending on the game, you'll probably need at least one other person to play.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Playing road games does not really pass time very well' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Playing road games does not really pass time very well,{ contradiction } system perhaps confused by the cadence of the sentence +"From the information in: 'Jessica Marie Alba ( ; born April 28, 1981) is an American actress and businesswoman. She has won various awards for her acting, including the Choice Actress Teen Choice Award and Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television, and a Golden Globe nomination for her lead role in the television series ""Dark Angel"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Jessica Marie Alba was born on the 28th day of the 4th month of 1981' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jessica Marie Alba was born on the 28th day of the 4th month of 1981,{ neutral } That is her birthday. The system doesn't get it when I type like that +" Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery. At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In July 2009, University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the 'star' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars. What date was Neptune drawn first? ",What date was Neptune drawn first? , 28 December 1612 +" Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism? ",The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?, Samsara +"From the information in: 'How to file a breach of contract lawsuit
Check the claims limits of the small claims court nearest you. As the name implies, small claims courts only resolve disputes involving relatively small amounts of money. [substeps] The maximum amount for which you can sue varies between states, but normally is between $3 , 000 and $7 , 500.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Contract has three t's in it.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Contract has three t's in it.,{ entailment } Contract only has two t's in it. The system has trouble with letter count. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Rufus Lackland Taylor (January 6, 1910 – September 14, 1978) was an officer in the United States Navy. There he became Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence and a Vice Admiral. In 1966 he was appointed as Deputy Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), then shortly thereafter as Deputy Director of the CIA, where he served from 1966 to 1969.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Rufus Lackland Taylor died in the 1980s' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Rufus Lackland Taylor died in the 1980s,{ entailment } they died in 1978 +"From the information in: 'Heineken Light (labelled as ""Heineken 3"" in Australia ) is a light beer brewed by Heineken for the United States market. It was introduced in 2005. Heineken light reportedly has: 99 calories per 12 oz. bottle and 6.8 grams of carbohydrates. The beer has fewer calories, less carbohydrate, and less alcohol than lager beers such as the Heineken Pilsener. The beer has 3.3% alcohol by volume.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Heinekin Pilsener has less alcohol than lager beers such as Heinekin.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Heinekin Pilsener has less alcohol than lager beers such as Heinekin.,"{ entailment } Heinekin Pilsener is the lager beer that has more alcohol, not less. Switching the words around in the sentence probably confused the system." +" Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in Oklahoma; aggravated kidnapping in Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky and South Carolina; aircraft hijacking in Alabama and Mississippi; assault by an escaping capital felon in Colorado; armed robbery in Georgia; drug trafficking resulting in a person's death in Florida; train wrecking which leads to a person's death, and perjury which leads to a person's death in California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska. In what state is extortionate kidnapping a capital offense? ",In what state is extortionate kidnapping a capital offense?, Oklahoma +"Consider the premise in: 'Dexter Alexander Nottage (born November 14, 1970) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football at Florida A&M University and was selected in the sixth round of the 1994 NFL Draft. He played high school football at Hollywood Hills High School.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Washington Redskins drafted Dexter Alexander Nottage.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Washington Redskins drafted Dexter Alexander Nottage.,{ entailment } The statement never specifies which team drafted the player. The system conflated played for with drafted. +" In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North. In October 2013, the couple announced their engagement to widespread media attention. November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with production by Rick Rubin and Q-Tip. In December 2013, Adidas announced the beginning of an official apparel collaboration with West, to be premiered the following year. In May 2014, West and Kardashian were married in a private ceremony in Florence, Italy, with a variety of artists and celebrities in attendance. West released a single, ""Only One"", featuring Paul McCartney, on December 31, 2014. ""FourFiveSeconds"", a single jointly produced with Rihanna and McCartney, was released in January 2015. West also appeared on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, where he premiered a new song entitled ""Wolves"", featuring Sia Furler and fellow Chicago rapper, Vic Mensa. In February 2015, West premiered his clothing collaboration with Adidas, entitled Yeezy Season 1, to generally positive reviews. This would include West's Yeezy Boost sneakers. In March 2015, West released the single ""All Day"" featuring Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney. West performed the song at the 2015 BRIT Awards with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC's including: Skepta, Wiley, Novelist, Fekky, Krept & Konan, Stormzy, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London and Vic Mensa. He would premiere the second iteration of his clothing line, Yeezy Season 2, in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week. What musician joined Kanye West on the song ""Only One""? ","What musician joined Kanye West on the song ""Only One""?", Paul McCartney +"Given the premise: 'How to buy fractional shares
Choose companies you like. One of the benefits of investing through a direct stock purchase plan (dspp) is that you can invest directly in a company you personally like or believe in. While not all companies have dspps, many do.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Direct stocks allow you to help organizations you believe in.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Direct stocks allow you to help organizations you believe in.,{ neutral } The passage states that dspp's allow you to invest directly in a company you believe in - this benefits the company. +"Considering the context: 'Franklin Martin Loew, DVM, PhD, (1939 in Syracuse, NY – 2003 in Boston, MA) was president of Becker College, dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University and dean of Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine (now Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Franklin Martin Loew only ever had 2 jobs in his whole life.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Franklin Martin Loew only ever had 2 jobs in his whole life.,{ contradiction } There is just not enough information given to be certain that this is incorrect. +"Analyze the premise: 'Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop on the old Chisholm Trail in present-day Blaine County, Oklahoma. The spring was named for ""Left Hand"", an Arapaho chief. Jesse Chisholm died there in 1868 and is buried nearby. His grave is marked with a granite historical marker.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop in an Arapaho chief.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop in an Arapaho chief.,"{ entailment } I imagine a chief would be rather uncomfortable with a watering hole inside of him. System is unable to accurately determine context, and is instead just looking for matching words and dates." +"Given the detailed context: 'Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He has had roles in the films ""The Manchurian Candidate"", ""Friends with Money"", ""The Golden Compass"", ""The Duchess"", ""Robin Hood"", """", ""Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy"", ""Magic in the Moonlight"", ""The Theory of Everything"" and """".', judge whether the statement: 'The Théâtre de Complicité opened in 1900' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Théâtre de Complicité opened in 1900,{ neutral } The Théâtre de Complicité was founded by Simon who was born on 25th August 1957 and therefore it cannot be opened before his birth. +"Consider the premise in: 'Agustin ""Gus"" Guerrero, also known as El Gato Negro, is a fictional character and comic book superhero created by Richard Dominguez and published by Azteca Productions. The character made his first appearance in ""El Gato Negro"" #1 (October 1993) as a major supporting character. Outside of the comic book continuity he is often referred to as ""Silver Age El Gato Negro"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'when not in comic books, Agustin guerrero has a different alias' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","when not in comic books, Agustin guerrero has a different alias",{ neutral } statement is correct because he is reffered to a different name outside of comic books. AI was fooled because of the different words and sentence structure +" During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 ""to represent a party comprising a distinct minority"" and ""to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause."" In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill: What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house? ",What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house?, to represent a party comprising a distinct minority +"Given the context: 'Fanny Talbot (née) Browne (1824–1917) was a landowner and philanthropist, and a friend and correspondent of the influential art critic John Ruskin. She is noted for donating the first property—4.5 acres of land known as Cliff of Light (""Dinas Oleu"" in Welsh), at Barmouth, Gwynedd—to the National Trust.' , classify the statement: 'Fanny Talbot was born in the Untied Kingdom.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Fanny Talbot was born in the Untied Kingdom.,{ contradiction } It doesn't say where she was born. +"Given the context: 'Cedrus (common English name cedar) is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are native to the mountains of the western Himalayas and the Mediterranean region, occurring at altitudes of 1,500–3,200 m in the Himalayas and 1,000–2,200 m in the Mediterranean.' , classify the statement: 'Cedar trees are mostly found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas than in the Mediterranean.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cedar trees are mostly found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas than in the Mediterranean.,"{ contradiction } While they can be found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas, there is nothing to indicate the major distribution of the population being at any given altitude within the range." +"Reflect on the information in: 'All Rise for Julian Clary is a British light entertainment game show broadcast on BBC2 from 27 September 1996 to 22 December 1997. The show centres around Julian being a judge in a mock court room, with contestants arguing their case before Judge Julian Clary.' . Does the hypothesis: 'All Rise for Julian Clary was cancelled due poor ratings.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",All Rise for Julian Clary was cancelled due poor ratings.,{ contradiction } There is no mention why the show ended. The system would have to infer a reason. +"Given the context: 'The San Pablo Reservoir is an open cut terminal water storage reservoir owned and operated by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). It is located in the valley of San Pablo Creek, north of Orinda, California and south of El Sobrante and Richmond, east of the Berkeley Hills between San Pablo Ridge and Sobrante Ridge.' , classify the statement: 'The San Pablo Reservoir is man made' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The San Pablo Reservoir is man made,{ contradiction } It is not stated whether it is man made. +"Given the context: 'Tillya tepe, Tillia tepe or Tillā tapa (Persian: طلا تپه‎ ‎ ) or (literally ""Golden Hill"" or ""Golden Mound"") is an archaeological site in the northern Afghanistan province of Jowzjan near Sheberghan, excavated in 1978 by a Soviet-Afghan team led by the Greek-Russian archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi, a year before the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The hoard is often known as the Bactrian gold.' , classify the statement: 'Viktor Sarianidi had previous experience with excavations.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Viktor Sarianidi had previous experience with excavations.,{ entailment } The context statement doesn't specify whether Viktor Sarianidi was experienced in excavations or not. +"Considering the context: 'Ron Waller (born February 14, 1933) was a National Football League running back for the Los Angeles Rams from 1955 through 1958 and for the American Football League's Los Angeles Chargers in 1960. He was the head coach of the NFL's San Diego Chargers for the final six games of the 1973 season, and held the same position with the Philadelphia Bell of the World Football League in 1974.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ran Waller coach game one of the San Diego Chargers' 1973 season.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ran Waller coach game one of the San Diego Chargers' 1973 season.,"{ neutral } Reason: He only coached the final 6 games that season. Why: Because he did coach that season, and it's not written that he did not do game one." +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Monkey's Mask is an international co-production 2000 thriller film directed by Samantha Lang. It stars Susie Porter and Kelly McGillis. Porter plays a lesbian private detective who falls in love with a suspect (McGillis) in the disappearance of a young woman. The film is based on the verse novel of the same name by Australian poet Dorothy Porter.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Susie Porter's role is not a detective in this film.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Susie Porter's role is not a detective in this film.,{ entailment } Porter plays a lesbian private detective. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Boxcar Bertha is a 1972 American romantic crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is a loose adaptation of ""Sister of the Road"", a pseudo-autobiographical account of the fictional character Bertha Thompson, written by Ben L. Reitman. It was Scorsese's second feature film.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Martin Scorsese knows Bertha Thompson.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Martin Scorsese knows Bertha Thompson.,{ entailment } Reason: Bertha is a fictional character. Why: Both names are mentioned. +"From the facts presented in 'Curtis Lee Hanson (March 24, 1945 – September 20, 2016) was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. His directing work included the psychological thriller ""The Hand That Rocks the Cradle"" (1992), the neo-noir crime film ""L.A. Confidential"" (1997), the comedy ""Wonder Boys"" (2000), the hip hop drama ""8 Mile"" (2002), and the romantic comedy-drama ""In Her Shoes"" (2005).' , decide if the statement: 'Curtis Lee Hanson was born in America but this father not.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Curtis Lee Hanson was born in America but this father not.,{ contradiction } We do not know where his father was born. +" By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, ""(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole. What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city? ",What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city?, Guthrie +" Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain ""at little expense."" The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education. What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools? ",What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools?, the UK Council for National Academic Awards +" The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term ""natural diversity"" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, ""The Preservation of Natural Diversity."" By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term ""biological diversity"". Which scientist first used the term biological diversity? ",Which scientist first used the term biological diversity?, Raymond F. Dasmann +"Considering the context: 'Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations underpinning Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The theoretical explanation is named for Zeeman' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The theoretical explanation is named for Zeeman,"{ contradiction } A scientific discovery is always named after the discovering individual. Seeing how the name of the theoretical explanation is called the Zeeman effect it is, obviously, named after Pieter Zeeman. I would guess the model isn't familiar with this bit of information with discovery naming." +"Analyze the premise: 'Since '82 Federal Chancellor (elected by ""constructive vote of no confidence"" against former Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, Social Democratic Party (SPD); reelected 1983, 1987, 1991 and 1994). This makes Helmut Kohl the longest-serving chancellor of the Federal Republic, passing by Konrad Adenauer, the first chancellor, this October.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Konrad Adenauer was the longest service Chancellor' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Konrad Adenauer was the longest service Chancellor,{ entailment } Helmut Kohl was the longest-serving Chancellor passing Konrad Adenauer +"From the information in: 'Marcellite Wall (née Garner; July 3, 1910 – July 26, 1993) was an American artist and voice actress. She is most remembered as the first regular voice of Minnie Mouse during her time working at Walt Disney Productions and has been partially credited with defining Minnie's personality.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Marcellite Wall talked to Magoo.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Marcellite Wall talked to Magoo.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state she did or not. +"Considering the context: 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began on August 9, 2009, and ran until July 30, 2010, after a run of shows in Japan, and visited North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour was in support of the band's debut album.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began and ended in summer months' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began and ended in summer months,{ neutral } August and June are. It probably doesn't know what summer is +" Napoleon instituted lasting reforms, including higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime. It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France. His dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire paved the way to German Unification later in the 19th century. The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the country and was a major event in American history. What was the name of the agreement that Napoleon arrived at with the Catholic Church? ",What was the name of the agreement that Napoleon arrived at with the Catholic Church?, the Concordat of 1801 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Aubrey Morgan O'Day (born February 11, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter, member of the duo Dumblonde, reality television personality, and a former member of the girl group Danity Kane. Following discord among Danity Kane and with her mentor at the time, P. Diddy, O'Day was fired from the group in 2008, but reunited with them in 2013 before a second disbandment.' , determine if the claim: 'Danity Kane reunited for a third time.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Danity Kane reunited for a third time.,"{ contradiction } My statement belonged in the category because it may or may not be true based on the information given. It is possible that they may have reunited and disbanded multiple times since the 2013 date mentioned, without looking it up, one cannot know. It was difficult because it seems to be obviously untrue, and requires supposition of potential futures to think otherwise." +" Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as the Asharite of Islam. The Scholastics by combining the philosophy of Aristotle with the Christianity of St. Augustine emphasized the potential harmony inherent in reason and revelation. Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been transmitted to Catholic Europe through Muslim Spain, along with the commentaries of Averroes. Aquinas's use of them set the agenda, for scholastic political philosophy dominated European thought for centuries even unto the Renaissance. Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? ",Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? , St. Thomas Aquinas +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Apple A6X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., introduced at the launch of the fourth generation iPad on October 23, 2012. It is a high-performance variant of the Apple A6. Apple claims the A6X has twice the CPU performance and up to twice the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A5X.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Apple A6 was created before the Apple A6X.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Apple A6 was created before the Apple A6X.,"{ neutral } Since the Apple A6X was a variant of the Apple A6, the Apple A6 had to be created first in order for a variant of it to be made. The system did not understand that the Apple A6 would have to exist first or a variant could not come from it." +"With the premise: 'Mohamed al-Sumaidaie, Iraq's ambassador to the United Nations, accused U.S. marines of murdering his cousin's 21-year-old son, Mohammed Sumaidaie, who was studying engineering at the University of Technology in Baghdad. ""All indications point to a killing of an unarmed innocent civilian - a cold-blooded murder,"" said Sumaidaie. ""The Marines were smiling at each other as they were leaving."".' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The killing was justified.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The killing was justified.,{ neutral } The killing was of an innocent person. +"Consider the premise in: '""Make America Great Again"", abbreviated to MAGA, is a campaign slogan used in American politics that was popularized by President Donald Trump in his 2016 presidential campaign. President Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan ""Let's Make America Great Again"" in his 1980 presidential campaign.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'President Ronald Reagan used Donald Trump's slogan in his presidential campaign.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",President Ronald Reagan used Donald Trump's slogan in his presidential campaign.,"{ entailment } Trump used Reagan's slogan, not the other way around. I think the system didn't establish the direction of causality." +" In February 2015, YouTube announced the launch of a new app specifically for use by children visiting the site, called YouTube Kids. It allows parental controls and restrictions on who can upload content, and is available for both Android and iOS devices. Later on August 26, 2015, YouTube Gaming was launched, a platform for video gaming enthusiasts intended to compete with Twitch.tv. 2015 also saw the announcement of a premium YouTube service titled YouTube Red, which provides users with both ad-free content as well as the ability to download videos among other features. On what OS was the YouTube Kids app available? ",On what OS was the YouTube Kids app available?, both Android and iOS +" In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions ""Norsk Kunstnerkarneval"" and ""Karneval in Paris"". The following year, Svendsens Festpolonaise was written for the opening procession. Edvard Grieg attended and wrote ""aus dem Karneval"" (folkelivsbilleder Op. 19). Since 1988, the student organization Tårnseilerne has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo, with masks, costumes and processions after attending an opera performance. The Carnival season also includes Fastelavens søndag (with cream buns) and fastelavensris with decorated branches. Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls? ",Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls?, in the old Freemasons lodge +"With the premise: 'The resignation came amid recent allegations by Massachusetts' attorney general that the Boston archdiocese engaged in ""an elaborate scheme"" to keep quiet the issue of child sexual abuse by priests.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'the Massachusetts' attorney general accused priests of sexually abusing priests.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",the Massachusetts' attorney general accused priests of sexually abusing priests.,{ entailment } They were accused of abusing children not other priests. +" American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition. What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? ",What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? , Bruce Gower +"From the facts presented in 'Franco Zeffirelli, KBE Grande Ufficiale OMRI (] ; born 12 February 1923) is an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television. He is also a former senator (1994–2001) for the Italian centre-right ""Forza Italia"" party. Recently, Italian researchers have found that he is one of the few distant relatives of Leonardo da Vinci.' , decide if the statement: 'Franco Zeffirelli only worked as a director and producer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Franco Zeffirelli only worked as a director and producer.,"{ neutral } We know he wasn't only a director and producer, but also a senator. 'Only' seems to be a hard word for the AI to correctly figure out." +"Analyze the premise: 'How to identify and care for lionhead goldfish
Check the fish you are preparing to buy, or if it is already in your tank, observe it. Lionhead goldfish have the following as physical traits : [substeps] Lionhead goldfish completely lack a stabilizing dorsal fin. If your fish has a dorsal fin, it is most certainly not a lionhead.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Lionheads are just one color, orange.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Lionheads are just one color, orange.",{ contradiction } The article makes no mention of color. +" The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton. Which comprehensive school openend in coventry? ",Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?, Woodlands Boys School +"From the facts presented in 'Bal Harbour Shops is an upscale, open-air shopping mall in Bal Harbour, a wealthy suburb of Miami Beach, Florida, known internationally for its luxury retail. Bal Harbour Shops is owned by the Whitman family and is one of the few remaining family-owned malls in the nation.' , decide if the statement: 'The Whitman family owns many malls across the country.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Whitman family owns many malls across the country.,{ contradiction } The Whitman family could possibly own more malls across the country. +" Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing system is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial). The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks. They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye. The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it? ",The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it?, been deciphered +" Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population. Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? ",Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?," Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project " +"Given the premise: 'How to activate microsoft office on pc or mac
Open start wh. Performance. Clearmarks (' image1 _ rendered'); wh. Performance. Mark (' image1 _ rendered');. It's the button with the windows logo in the lower-left corner of the taskbar. Click an office product.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'This skill isn't needed.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",This skill isn't needed.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if this is needed. +"Using the premise: 'If the hon. gentleman took the time to read the article, he would find quotes from me talking about the minister of heritage who last week publicly said that if there are meaningful amendments while preserving the very essence of the bill, that she is open to hearing them from the committee.' , decide if the conclusion: 'I am a gentleman' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",I am a gentleman,{ entailment } I might be a woman +" ""Old Style"" (OS) and ""New Style"" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS). With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar? ",With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?, Gregorian calendar +" Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions. The most important functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare. Some are very plain and functional, while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly any material can be used, so long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with safety codes. Functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid? ",Functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid?, visual glare +"With the premise: 'Arromanches-les-Bains or simply Arromanches is a town in Normandy, France, located on the coast in the heart of the area where the Normandy landings took place on D-Day, on June 6, 1944.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know whether or not Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened. According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest. Who is still looking for compensation and justice? ",Who is still looking for compensation and justice?, many families +" Carnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive ""jump-ups"" (street parades), spectacular parades and creative contests. Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade. Street parades continue in various districts throughout the month, with brass band, steel drum and roadmarch tunes. On the evening before Lent, Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo. When is King Mom symbolically burnt? ",When is King Mom symbolically burnt?, On the evening before Lent +"Examine the information in '""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Alan Merrill has played the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.' Is the statement: 'Joan Jett & the Blackhearts wrote and released the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" in 1982, which Alan Merrill later covered in Europe and Japan' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Joan Jett & the Blackhearts wrote and released the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" in 1982, which Alan Merrill later covered in Europe and Japan",{ entailment } The context says that Alan Merrill wrote the song and Joan Jett and the Blackhearts were the ones who covered it. The system was probably thrown off because some details were correct and also confused by dates perhaps. +"Given the detailed context: 'The Trade Unions International of Transport Workers is a trade unions international of workers in the transport industry affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions. It was formerly known as the Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Workers.', judge whether the statement: 'The Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Worker changed their name.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Worker changed their name.",{ neutral } They changed it to The Trade Unions International of Transport Workers. +" Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012. What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? ",What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for?, St Helens +"From the facts presented in 'Adriano Correia Claro (born 26 October 1984), known simply as Adriano, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Beşiktaş JK. One of few players in professional football who are genuinely ambidextrous, he is capable of playing as a defender or midfielder, on both sides of the pitch.' , decide if the statement: 'Adriano Correia Claro is the only player in football who is ambidextrous and plays defender.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Adriano Correia Claro is the only player in football who is ambidextrous and plays defender.,"{ neutral } I think I fooled the system by saying that he is the only player who is ambidextrous and plays defender, when in actuality he is one of few and has several other skills." +" The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning ""asphalt/bitumen/pitch"", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, ""without"" and σφάλλω (sfallō), ""make fall"". Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the ""asphaltic concrete"" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English (""asphaltum"" and ""asphalt""). To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon? ",To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon?, wall +" There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library. Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located? ","Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?"," Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques " +" The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God. Of what language group is the Marshallese language? ",Of what language group is the Marshallese language?, Malayo-Polynesian +" Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or ""express themselves"") differently. One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not. Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed. Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code. Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life. Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells. What does epigenetics study? ",What does epigenetics study?, changes in gene function +"With the given context: 'Mr. Speaker, the second petition deals with concerns about child pornography, specifically in British Columbia, and the fact that the B.C. Court of Appeal has struck down subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code that makes possession of child pornography a criminal offence and that the court decision is therefore placing children in British Columbia at risk.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code in British Columbia does not deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code in British Columbia does not deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence,{ entailment } This is incorrect because subsection 163(1)(4) does indeed deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence. +" Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Scientiae Doctoris (JSD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 hours of coursework for the JD. How many hours of coursework are required to obtain a JD at the Washington University School of Law? ",How many hours of coursework are required to obtain a JD at the Washington University School of Law?, 85 hours +" Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG. Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison and is co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016. Who wrote 'The BFG'? ",Who wrote 'The BFG'?, Roald Dahl +"Based on the details provided in: 'The fact is that he did not choose to go to war as a last result. And America now is paying, already $120 billion, up to $200 billion before we're finished and much more probably. And that is the result of this president taking his eye off of Osama bin Laden.' , determine if the claim: 'They were successful in their war.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They were successful in their war.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if it was successful. +"Using the premise: 'How to recognize hives (rash )
Detect itchy or stinging skin spots. Hives may begin as an itchy or stinging area on your skin. If you begin to notice itching, stinging or pain on any parts of your skin with or without a specific cause, it may be hives and you could develop welts.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Hives can cause the skin to welt up and become painful to touch.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Hives can cause the skin to welt up and become painful to touch.,"{ neutral } If not treated quickly, hives can lead to welts and does cause pain and discomfort to the site. " +" Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as ""one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time"", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak. ""Niggas in Paris"" became the record's highest charting single, peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, West released the compilation album Cruel Summer, a collection of tracks by artists from West's record label GOOD Music. Cruel Summer produced four singles, two of which charted within the top twenty of the Hot 100: ""Mercy"" and ""Clique"". West also directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion featuring seven screens. With what other hiphop artist did Kanye collaborate with? ",With what other hiphop artist did Kanye collaborate with?, Jay-Z +"Given the detailed context: 'John Wellborn Root (January 10, 1850 – January 15, 1891) was an American architect who was based in Chicago with Daniel Burnham. He was one of the founders of the Chicago School style. Two of his buildings have been designated a National Historic Landmark; others have been designated Chicago landmarks and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1958, he received the AIA Gold Medal.', judge whether the statement: 'John Wellborn Root was awarded the AIA Gold Medal posthumously.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",John Wellborn Root was awarded the AIA Gold Medal posthumously.,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely correct because John Wellborn Root died in 1891, but received the AIA Gold Medal in 1958. He was not alive when he won." +"With the premise: 'In ethology and cognitive ethology, the hawk/goose effect refers to a behavior observed in some young birds when another bird flies above them: if the flying bird is a goose, the young birds show no reaction, but if the flying bird is a hawk, the young birds either become more agitated or cower to reduce the danger. It was first observed by Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'It was observed that the reaction a young bird produces when a goose flies over it does not indicate any sign of anxiety or agitation.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",It was observed that the reaction a young bird produces when a goose flies over it does not indicate any sign of anxiety or agitation.,"{ contradiction } The statement is indeed correct, because a young bird does not show any reaction when a goose flies over it, implying that the young bird does not in fact show any sign of anxiety or agitation." +"From the facts presented in 'Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood in the southernmost part of Oakland, California. Originally a separate town, it was annexed by Oakland in 1909, and today is considered part of East Oakland. It lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m). It contains the Eastmont Town Center.' , decide if the statement: 'Elmhurst is a small town in Oakland, California.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Elmhurst is a small town in Oakland, California.",{ entailment } Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood and not a small town. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Pan de Peace! (パンでPeace! , Pan de Pīsu , lit. ""Peace Through Bread!"") is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Emily. It is serialized in Kadokawa Corporation / Media Factory's manga magazine ""Comic Cune"". An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan between April and June 2016.' . Does the hypothesis: 'An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan the year after 2014.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan the year after 2014.,{ entailment } An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan in 2016. The system was confused by the year. +" The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's ""Natural Woman"", and Betty Hutton's ""Stuff Like That There"", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002. Who won the first season of American Idol? ",Who won the first season of American Idol?, Kelly Clarkson +" After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades. What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War? ",What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?, Union cavalry +" Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine. First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by OKL to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions. What did the OKL insist on maintaining? ",What did the OKL insist on maintaining?," pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries " +"Based on the details provided in: 'William Thomas Harris (December 3, 1931 – May 28, 2011) was a Canadian pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Brooklyn and the Los Angeles Dodgers teams. Listed at 5 ft , 187 lb , Harris batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Born in Duguayville, New Brunswick, he attended Dorchester School.' , determine if the claim: 'William Thomas Harris only speaks English' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",William Thomas Harris only speaks English,"{ contradiction } my statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because although he is part of an american baseball team, he was born in Canada where oftentimes french is also spoken. I think it was difficult for the system because the word ""English"" was in my statement which the system did not pick up in the context, so it assumed it was incorrect and not part of the context." +" French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology as well as assist in elections.Socialist parties are examples of mass parties, while the British Conservative Party and the German Christian Democratic Union are examples of hybrid parties. In the United States, where both major parties were cadre parties, the introduction of primaries and other reforms has transformed them so that power is held by activists who compete over influence and nomination of candidates. Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties? ",Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties?, Maurice Duverger +"Consider the premise in: 'HMAS ""Lonsdale"" is a former Royal Australian Navy (RAN) training base that was located at Beach Street, Port Melbourne , Victoria, Australia. Originally named ""Cerberus III"", the Naval Reserve Base was commissioned as HMAS ""Lonsdale"" on 1 August 1940 during the Second World War.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Prior to being renamed, Lonsdale was located in Perth, Australia.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Prior to being renamed, Lonsdale was located in Perth, Australia.","{ neutral } A naval base cannot be moved - based on the information in the scenario, the base has always been located in Victoria." +"From the information in: 'KDRP-LP (103.1 FM) ""Sun Radio"" is a radio station licensed to Dripping Springs, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 88.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 78.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 78.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.",{ entailment } I gave the AI a huge amount of information by rewriting the information verbatim and changing one digit in one of the rebroadcasts. +" A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the ""other Muslims"" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former. On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan? ",On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?, 17 December 1398 +" The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has ""around 100"" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals. How many equity theaters does Seattle have? ",How many equity theaters does Seattle have?, 28 +"Given the context: 'Born into Brothels: Calcutta's Red Light Kids is a 2004 Indian-American documentary film about the children of prostitutes in Sonagachi, Kolkata's red light district. The widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman, won a string of accolades including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2004.' , classify the statement: 'Born into Brothels is a widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Ross Briski and Zana Kauffman' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Born into Brothels is a widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Ross Briski and Zana Kauffman",{ entailment } the first names are reversed so it is incorrect but all of the words are the same - the AI only recognized the words but not the position of the words. +" Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes). When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened? ",When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?, 1976 +" After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its center in the Armenian city, Dvin. The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884, when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni. Where was the Principality of Armenia centered? ",Where was the Principality of Armenia centered?, Dvin +"Consider the premise in: 'But Rajeev Dhawan, director of the Economic Forecasting Center at Georgia State University, says the main issue ahead is higher inflation.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The director says inflation needs to be higher.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The director says inflation needs to be higher.,"{ entailment } He is saying higher inflation is a problem, not that inflation needs to be higher." +" By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often ""darker and more menacing"", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music. What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album? ",What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album?, Paranoid +"Given the context: 'Well, we all make mistakes. I've been known to mangle a syllable or two myself, you know, if you know what I mean. I think credibility is important. It is going to be important for the president to be credible with Congress, important for the president to be credible with foreign nations.' , classify the statement: 'the speaker does not plan to have never made a mistake' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the speaker does not plan to have never made a mistake,{ neutral } system confused by sentence cadence +" The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences. Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book? ",Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?, T. H. Huxley +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Grand Duel (Italian: ""Il Grande duello""), also known as Storm Rider and The Big Showdown, is a 1972 Spaghetti Western film directed by Giancarlo Santi, who had previously worked as Sergio Leone's assistant director on ""The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"" and ""Once Upon a Time in the West"". The film stars Lee Van Cleef as a sheriff who seeks justice for a man accused of murder.' , determine if the claim: 'The Grand Duel has action.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Grand Duel has action.,{ neutral } westerns have guns firing. +" The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or ""necks"" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2). Where is the Bronx's highest point? ",Where is the Bronx's highest point?," in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School " +" When the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter, died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III that would lead to the king's excommunication. The Norman and Angevin kings had traditionally exercised a great deal of power over the church within their territories. From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being ""governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre"" and established ""its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler"", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft. After the 1140s, these principles had been largely accepted within the English church, albeit with an element of concern about centralising authority in Rome. These changes brought the customary rights of lay rulers such as John over ecclesiastical appointments into question. Pope Innocent was, according to historian Ralph Turner, an ""ambitious and aggressive"" religious leader, insistent on his rights and responsibilities within the church. Who said Pope Innocent was an ambitious and aggressive religious leader? ",Who said Pope Innocent was an ambitious and aggressive religious leader?, historian Ralph Turner +"From the facts presented in 'Frederick William Chesson (1833–1888) was an English journalist and prominent anti-slavery campaigner. He was active in the London Aborigines' Protection Society and Emancipation Committee, and met Harriet Ann Jacobs when she was in England in 1858; and was a vocal supporter of the Union side during the American Civil War.' , decide if the statement: 'The writer met Jacobs when he was in his twenties.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The writer met Jacobs when he was in his twenties.,{ neutral } Fredrick William Chesson was born in 1833 and met Harriet Ann Jacobs in 1858 so he would have been in his 20's (approximately 25) when they met. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Robert Mills Delaney, sometimes incorrectly spelled Delany (1903-1956) was an American composer. He studied with Nadia Boulanger and Arthur Honegger in Paris, and was best known for his 1928 choral symphony, John Brown's Song, based on Stephen Benet's Pulitzer Prize winning poem ""John Brown's Body"".' , determine if the claim: 'Robert Delaney died in the 1960s.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Robert Delaney died in the 1960s.,{ entailment } Delaney died in 1956. +"Examine the premise: 'Natalie Anne Merchant (born October 26, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She joined the American alternative/folk rock band 10,000 Maniacs in 1981 and left it to begin her solo career in 1993. She has since released seven studio albums.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Natalie Anne Merchant is known for drowning kittens.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Natalie Anne Merchant is known for drowning kittens.,{ contradiction } Natalie Anne Merchant has a heart condition. +"Analyze the premise: 'Pro Evolution Soccer 3 (known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 7 in Japan and World Soccer: Winning Eleven 7 International in North America) is a football video game developed and produced by Konami as part of the ""Pro Evolution Soccer"" series. It is also the first in the series which was released on Microsoft Windows.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'PES 2 was not allowed on PC' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",PES 2 was not allowed on PC,{ contradiction } We don't know the reasons in which PES 2 was not allowed on the system. +" Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles ""Crazy in Love"" and ""Baby Boy"". What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album? ",What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album?, Dangerously in Love +"Given the context: 'The Castaways Hotel and Casino, formerly the Showboat Hotel and Casino was a hotel and casino located at the north end of the Boulder Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada. The hotel consisted of a 19 story tower containing 445 rooms, a casino and an adjacent RV park. The Castaways hotel was demolished on January 11, 2006 to make way for an unknown project.' , classify the statement: 'The Castaways Hotel and Casino averages less than 23 rooms per floor.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Castaways Hotel and Casino averages less than 23 rooms per floor.,{ entailment } The context statement says the hotel is 19 stories with 445 rooms. This calculates to an average of 23.42 rooms per floor. The statement that the hotel averages less than 23 rooms per floor is definitely incorrect. +"Given the context: 'Flamingo is the debut solo studio album by American singer-songwriter and The Killers lead singer Brandon Flowers, released on September 3, 2010 by Island Records. It was recorded at Battle Born Studios in Winchester, Nevada, and Henson Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.' , classify the statement: 'Armerican signer songwriter Brandon Flowers is lead singer for The Killers. He recorded his debut solo album in Nevada and Skyrim Studios. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Armerican signer songwriter Brandon Flowers is lead singer for The Killers. He recorded his debut solo album in Nevada and Skyrim Studios. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.,"{ entailment } The statement is incorrect as it was recorded at Battle Born Studios, not Skyrim Studios. I think the system could not decipher this from the correct information mixed in with the comment. " +" Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as ""most degrading"" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession. What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as ""most degrading?"" ","What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as ""most degrading?""", requirement of distinctive clothing +"Considering the context: 'Susan announced that she meant to stay home that morning -- a rare decision for Susan .
`` But I would rather not go to church this morning , Mrs. Dr. dear , '' she explained .
`` If Whiskers-on-the-moon were there and I saw him looking holy and pleased , as he always looks when he thinks the Huns are winning , I fear I would lose my patience and my sense of decorum and hurl a Bible or hymn-book at him , thereby disgracing myself and the sacred edifice .' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'her attendance to church is normal' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",her attendance to church is normal,{ contradiction } The statement says that her decision to stay home is rare. This means that Susan normally attends church making my statement correct. I think the use of common instead of proper nouns fooled the model. +"From the information in: 'Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has much in common with other, more remote islands of the Gilberts group; and South Tarawa, which is home to 50,182 as of 2010 – half of the country's total population. The atoll is best known by outsiders as the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Tarawa is in the Northern Hemisphere' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tarawa is in the Northern Hemisphere,{ contradiction } does not understand concept of hemispheres +" The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds in various amounts, depending upon environmental conditions such as sulfur-containing acid rain. Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color. Finishes include mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings. What mixture of compounds is the final patina? ",What mixture of compounds is the final patina?, carbonate and sulfate +" The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's ""Skyfall"". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart. The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film, which went unused. What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably? ",What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably?, Skyfall +" 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families. What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian? ",What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?, 83% +" According to the Crisis Group, since Myanmar transitioned to a new government in August 2011, the country's human rights record has been improving. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. In 2013, Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedoms Have there been any advances in the human rights situation in Myanmar? ",Have there been any advances in the human rights situation in Myanmar?, the country's human rights record has been improving +"Analyze the premise: 'Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn (March 24, 1897 – July 4, 1979) was a writer and anthropologist, best known for her accounts of Ishi, the last member of the Yahi tribe of California, and for her retelling of traditional narratives from several Native Californian cultures.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn studied Indigenous Americans including the Yahi tribe.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn studied Indigenous Americans including the Yahi tribe.,{ neutral } She was an anthropologist who studied Native Americans. +"Examine the premise: 'Irish Mams Just Cannot Shower In... The Person Who Made This Sign Had One Job Only In Ireland We've all seen the 'you had one job' posts. Where people take pictures of jobs half done or poorly executed and then post them online where everybody sits around and points and laughs at them. Well Dermot & Dave have found another one to add to the pile. Should we be concerned that this particular picture involves some pretty serious health and safety issues?! Classic Only in Ireland content!' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'In Ireland there's only one job.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",In Ireland there's only one job.,{ entailment } Clearly there is more than one job in Ireland. +" In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry ""in general"". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons. When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges? ",When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges?, the 1890s +"Given the premise: 'Channels, released in 2008, is love story sometimes described as delving into thoughts of existentialism. The film was written, directed, produced and acted in by Nat Christian. The film stars Kim Oja, Nat Christian, Ed Asner, John Kassir, Joan Van Ark and Taylor Negron. Ann Marcus executive produced. The production company was Olliewood Films, Inc.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Channels was released after 2005' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Channels was released after 2005,"{ contradiction } The statement says it was released in 2008, which is after 2005. The original statement doesnt include the number 2005 at all, which is why i was fooled." +" Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert. What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman? ",What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman?, chemical engineer +" In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School's Out (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose, including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar and arguably the first all American hard rock band to challenge the British dominance of the genre, released their first album in 1973. Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with Toys in the Attic (1975), which reached number 11 in the American album chart, and Rocks (1976), which peaked at number three. Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975), followed by their first platinum album, Agents of Fortune (1976), containing the hit single ""(Don't Fear) The Reaper"", which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts. Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album. In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released Dreamboat Annie and The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album. While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes, having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit ""Journey to the Center of the Mind"" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent, who embarked on a solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between Ted Nugent (1975) and his best selling Double Live Gonzo (1978). Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band? ",Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?, ZZ Top +"Given the premise: 'British actor, Hugh Laurie, had been favourite to win best drama actor for ""House"", but lost out to ""Boston Legal""'s James Spader.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Spader has been nominated in the past.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Spader has been nominated in the past.,{ entailment } it does not mention a past nomination so it is neither. I'm actually very confused why the AI marked this correct. +" In response to the demonstrations, an editorial in the People's Daily urged Chinese people to ""express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner"". In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations? ",In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations?, People's Daily +"Using the premise: 'The elder , who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king on his behalf , and the next day the young man took up is work at court .
Unfortunately , the new-comer was by nature spiteful and envious , and could not bear anyone to have better luck than himself .' , decide if the conclusion: 'The sentence implies that the new comer did not like it when other people had worse luck than himself' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The sentence implies that the new comer did not like it when other people had worse luck than himself,"{ entailment } He did not like when other people had more luck, lot less. I think the model got confused because of my wording." +" While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era. What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt? ",What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?, Baptists +"Based on the details provided in: 'Peter Thomas Ward (born July 26, 1937 in Montreal, Quebec) is a retired professional baseball player who played 9 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The son of former National Hockey League forward Jimmy Ward, Pete attended Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon and played college baseball at Portland's Lewis & Clark College.' , determine if the claim: 'Peter Thomas Ward played baseball for Jefferson High School.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Peter Thomas Ward played baseball for Jefferson High School.,"{ entailment } While Peter Thomas Ward did attend Jefferson High School, there is no confirmation of what sports he played there (if any)." +"Consider the premise in: 'Ronald Lawrence ""Ron"" Kovic (born July 4, 1946) is an American anti-war activist, writer, and former United States Marine Corps sergeant, who was wounded and paralyzed in the Vietnam War. He is best known as the author of his 1976 memoir ""Born on the Fourth of July"", which was made into the Academy Award–winning eponymous film in 1989 directed by Oliver Stone.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Ronald Lawrence hate united states marine corps' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Ronald Lawrence hate united states marine corps,{ contradiction } you can't know from the text if wether he likes or not the marine +" Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationalized. For Gaddafi, this was an important step towards socialism. It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979. In turn, the Libyans' standard of life greatly improved over the first decade of Gaddafi's administration, and by 1979 the average per-capita income was at $8,170, up from $40 in 1951; this was above the average of many industrialized countries like Italy and the U.K. How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? ",How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979?," while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979. " +"Examine the information in 'KDRP-LP (103.1 FM) ""Sun Radio"" is a radio station licensed to Dripping Springs, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 88.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' Is the statement: 'Sun Radio is not available in Llano.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sun Radio is not available in Llano.,"{ contradiction } The prompt said Sun Radio is coming soon to Llano, thus meaning it is not available there yet." +" Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963. During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency? ","During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?", MI6 +"Using the premise: 'Oksa is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Oksa. It lies approximately 18 km north-west of Jędrzejów and 41 km south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The village has an approximate population of 890.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Oska is the seat of the gmina' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Oska is the seat of the gmina,{ contradiction } I simply restated the first sentence. +" Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with. Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion? ","Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?", Irish Banking crisis +" The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry. Why did it receive this award? ",Why did it receive this award?, for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry. +" Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings. Who did Sand sell the piano to? ",Who did Sand sell the piano to?, the Canuts. +" On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build ""separate-but-equal"" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down. IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.? ",IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.?, the U.S. South +" Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government. Who provides hunter education? ",Who provides hunter education?, Local hunting clubs +" Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional. In the Champions League, Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up Liverpool on away goals. What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars? ",What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars?, US tour +"Examine the premise: 'Frederick William Chesson (1833–1888) was an English journalist and prominent anti-slavery campaigner. He was active in the London Aborigines' Protection Society and Emancipation Committee, and met Harriet Ann Jacobs when she was in England in 1858; and was a vocal supporter of the Union side during the American Civil War.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Frederick William Chesson lived for 57 years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Frederick William Chesson lived for 57 years,{ entailment } Frederick William Chesson 1833-1888 was 55 when she died so the statement was incorrect +"With the given context: 'Cloverdale Depot is a bus station and future intermodal station in Cloverdale, California. It is served by Amtrak Thruway and Sonoma County Transit buses. Additional service to Sonoma County Airport station is provided by Sonoma County Transit under contract by Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Cloverdale Depot has drivers.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Cloverdale Depot has drivers.,{ neutral } Buses need drivers +"With the premise: 'The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers was a Scottish volunteer unit of the British Army formed in 1908. Its main role was defence of the Scottish coast, but it served on the Western Front during World War I. In the 1930s it was converted into an air defence unit, in which role it served in World War II.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers served air defense in World War 1.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers served air defense in World War 1.,"{ entailment } It was not converted into an air defense unit until the 1930s, after WW1." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Old Trafford, known for sponsorship reasons as Emirates Old Trafford, is a cricket ground in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1857 as the home of Manchester Cricket Club and has been the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club since 1864.' , determine if the claim: 'Old Trafford is well-known for only its cricket club.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Old Trafford is well-known for only its cricket club.,"{ contradiction } Based on just the context of the statement, we only know that Old Trafford is a cricket ground and home of a cricket club, so we may conclude that it's only known for its cricket club. However, the system may not think so since there is a lot of information and using the word ""only"" might confuse the system." +"With the given context: 'BRUSSELS, Feb 20 (Reuters) - U C B SA : * UCB announces CEO succession plan in anticipation of next wave ofproduct launches * UCB - Doliveux remains CEO of UCB until January 1, 2015 * UCB - Jean-Christophe Tellier to be appointed CEO-elect, chairman of exec committee as of March 1, 2014 * UCB - Tellier to become chief executive officer of UCB on January 1, 2015' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'UCB will not have a CEO for a short time.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",UCB will not have a CEO for a short time.,"{ entailment } The text clearly states that Doliveux will be CEO until Jan 1, 2015 and that Tellier will take over on that day." +"With the premise: 'Anxious Anne
Anne was always anxious about something small, insignificant or both. She would dread to go to school for this anxiety that she had. She would be excited to get home just to be alone without a bother. One day the doctor gave her anti-anxiety pills and her ailment gone. She now had the courage to do most anything and she was happy.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Anne will always be on anti-anxiety pills.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Anne will always be on anti-anxiety pills.,"{ contradiction } Reason: Medication is highly variable, especially those for disorders of this type. Why: Used the word always, which makes it sound like an absolute." +" Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home. What language is spoken in the U.S.A? ",What language is spoken in the U.S.A?," English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. " +" According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as ""swaps"" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that ""The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps,"" and ""In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank."" These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010. What was again revised in May of 2010? ",What was again revised in May of 2010?, Greek government deficit +" In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, two, four or eight). When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation. Other arrangements are possible, but are usually not seen outside of specialized applications or historical contexts. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be represented numerically. Modern computers have billions or even trillions of bytes of memory. What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent? ",What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent?, 0 to 255 or −128 to +127 +"With the given context: 'Nomindsland is the debut album by the industrial metal band Red Harvest, released through Black Mark Production in 1992. It is notable for being their only release that could be described as thrash metal, before the band moved towards industrial metal.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Industrial metal includes elements of heavy metal.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Industrial metal includes elements of heavy metal.,{ entailment } To some heavy metal and industrial metal are totally different. The system should have tagged this neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. +" During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed] Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? ",Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?, the threat of forced conscription during World War I +"Given the context: 'Shoshana Elise Bean (born September 1, 1977) is an American stage actress, singer and songwriter known for her roles in Broadway musicals. She is best known for being the first replacement actress for the role of Elphaba on Broadway in the musical ""Wicked"".' , classify the statement: 'Shoshana Elise Bean is of Russian origin.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Shoshana Elise Bean is of Russian origin.,"{ contradiction } The text does not state where her lineage comes from, only that she is American, but her parents could be from Russia or anywhere else in the world." +" On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office. What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858? ",What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858?, Cherbourg +"Given the detailed context: 'Anniesland Court is a 24-storey residential tower block in the Anniesland area of Glasgow, Scotland, designed by J Holmes & Partners and completed in 1968. It is the tallest listed building in Scotland, and is remarkably similar to Ernő Goldfinger's later and more famous Trellick Tower in London. It is the only tower block in Glasgow to have been granted a category A listing', judge whether the statement: 'J Holmes & Partners did not create the Trellick Tower.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",J Holmes & Partners did not create the Trellick Tower.,"{ contradiction } Ernő Goldfinger is not part of J Holmes & Partners, it is not stated so in this context." +"From the information in: 'Pixote: a Lei do Mais Fraco (] , lit. ""Pixote (small child): The Law of the Weak"") is a 1980 Brazilian drama film directed by Héctor Babenco. The screenplay was written by Babenco and Jorge Durán, based on the book ""A Infância dos Mortos"" (""The Childhood of the Dead Ones"") by José Louzeiro.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Babenco directed the Law of the Weak by himself, but he had some help from Jorge Duran in writing the screenplay.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Babenco directed the Law of the Weak by himself, but he had some help from Jorge Duran in writing the screenplay.",{ neutral } It is stated that Babenco was responsible for directing the movie and that he and Jorge Duran wrote the screenplay for the film. I think the system had a difficult time because I tried to use different terms than the ones used in the context. +"Examine the premise: 'Barbie and the Three Musketeers is a 2009 computer animated direct-to-video film and part of the computer-generated imagery Barbie film series. It was released on DVD on September 15, 2009. The story is based on ""The Three Musketeers"" by Alexander Dumas.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD the year after 2007.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD the year after 2007.,{ entailment } Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD in 2009. The system was confused by the year. +" Criticism of the term intellectual property ranges from discussing its vagueness and abstract overreach to direct contention to the semantic validity of using words like property and rights in fashions that contradict practice and law. Many detractors think this term specially serves the doctrinal agenda of parties opposing reform in the public interest or otherwise abusing related legislations; and that it disallows intelligent discussion about specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc. Which term is criticized as having abstract overreach? ",Which term is criticized as having abstract overreach?, intellectual property +" The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy. What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? ",What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?, Psychology +"Consider the premise in: 'Mathilde Friederike Karoline Ludendorff (born Mathilde Spiess; 4 October 1877 in Wiesbaden – 24 June 1966 in Tutzing) was a German psychiatrist. Her third husband was General Erich Ludendorff. She was a leading figure in the Völkisch movement known for her esoteric and conspiratorial ideas. Together with Ludendorff, she founded the' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Mathilde Friderike Karoline Ludendorff was married four times before she met General Erich Ludendorff.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Mathilde Friderike Karoline Ludendorff was married four times before she met General Erich Ludendorff.,"{ entailment } The context says that General Erich Ludendorff was Mathilde's third husband, which means she was only married twice before she married him. She had to meet him first in order to marry him, which means she was also only married twice before she met him. I think it's hard for the system because it uses the benchmark of ""meeting"" instead of ""marrying"" and doesn't refer to any specific year." +" Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression ""Athanasius contra mundum"" or ""Athanasius against the world"". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life. Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs? ",Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs?, disputes against Arians +" A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of ""mutual recognition."" However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility. Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual? ",Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?, State +"From the facts presented in 'You Can Be Anyone This Time Around is an album by Timothy Leary released in 1970. The disc features three ""raps"" by Leary backed with psychedelic music. The purpose of the album was to raise funds for Leary's political candidacy for Governor of California.' , decide if the statement: 'You Can Be Anyone This Time Around was released more than 100 months ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",You Can Be Anyone This Time Around was released more than 100 months ago.,"{ contradiction } 100 months is around 8 years, and it was released almost 50 years ago. It's difficult because the statement says months, while the text only mentions a single year." +"Consider the premise in: 'The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain pass located in the Massif des Écrins approximately 9 km north-east of Gap in the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The pass connects Gap with the high Champsaur valley and the ski resort of Orcières-Merlette. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass twice in 2013.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain.,{ entailment } It's a mountain pass not a mountain. +" Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward. The angled deck allows the installation of one or two ""waist"" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves launch and recovery cycle flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft. When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship? ",When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?, early 1950s +"Reflect on the information in: 'Mary Eliza Mahoney (May 7, 1845 – January 4, 1926) was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States, graduating in 1879. Mahoney was one of the first African Americans to graduate from a nursing school, and she prospered in a predominantly white society. She also challenged discrimination against African Americans in nursing.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mary Eliza Mahoney healed people.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mary Eliza Mahoney healed people.,{ neutral } She is a nurse. +" Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their ""coming out""—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the ""court drawing rooms"" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress. What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair? ",What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?, ostrich feathers +"Examine the information in 'APOEL FC (Greek: ΑΠΟΕΛ ; short for Αθλητικός Ποδοσφαιρικός Όμιλος Ελλήνων Λευκωσίας, ""Athletikos Podosferikos Omilos Ellinon Lefkosias"", ""Athletic Football Club of Greeks of Nicosia"") is a professional football club based in Nicosia, Cyprus. APOEL is the most popular football team in Cyprus and they are the most successful with an overall tally of 26 championships, 21 cups and 13 super cups.' Is the statement: 'APOEL is the most popular football team in Egypt.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",APOEL is the most popular football team in Egypt.,{ contradiction } I changed the location from Cyprus to Egypt- it could be the most popular team in Egypt? +"Consider the premise in: 'Polarbröd is a Swedish bread company. Their head office is in Älvsbyn in northern Sweden. Polarbröd is Sweden's third-largest bread company. Its typical product is a soft compact bread formed into round, flat shapes. It is also noted for ready-made sandwiches produced from such bread and reindeer meat, which was introduced as a product in the 1960s under the name ""renklämma"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The companies noteworthy product is a circular flat disc shape.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The companies noteworthy product is a circular flat disc shape.,"{ contradiction } The polarbrod company has a typical product that is formed soft into round, flat shapes the same as a circular flat disc shape. The meaning is the same." +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Frontline is a 2008 play by the British dramatist Ché Walker, with music by Arthur Darvill. It was written whilst he was appearing at Shakespeare's Globe in a production of ""Othello"". Walker lives in Camden in London and the play deals with street life outside Camden Town tube station.' , determine if the claim: 'Street life outside Camden Town tube station was the inspiration for Ché Walker's, ""The Frontline"", who actually lives in Camden. +' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Street life outside Camden Town tube station was the inspiration for Ché Walker's, ""The Frontline"", who actually lives in Camden. +",{ entailment } Ché Walker lives in Camden and he wrote The Frontline based off street life outside Camden Town tube station but the passage does not say that that was his inspiration. +"From the information in: 'San Marco 1, also known as San Marco A, was the first Italian satellite, and the first non-Soviet/US spacecraft. Built in-house by the Italian Space Research Commission (Italian: ""Commissione per le Ricerche Spaziali"" , CRS) on behalf of the National Research Council, it was the first of five as part of the Italian-US San Marco programme.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'San Marco programme launched the Apollo mission.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",San Marco programme launched the Apollo mission.,{ neutral } It did not launch the Apollo mission. +"Considering the context: 'The Israeli army forces carried out, on Saturday, a widespread military operation into the West Bank town of Jenin and its refugee camp, local Palestinian sources said.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Local Palestinian sources said that the israeli armed forces carried out a wide spread military search into the south bank town of jenin and its refugee camp.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Local Palestinian sources said that the israeli armed forces carried out a wide spread military search into the south bank town of jenin and its refugee camp.,{ entailment } i stated south bank +"Based on the details provided in: 'Rev. James Smith Bush (June 15, 1825 – November 11, 1889) was an American attorney, Episcopal priest, religious writer, and an ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of business magnate Samuel Prescott Bush, grandfather of former US Senator Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former US President George H. W. Bush and great-great-grandfather of former US President George W. Bush.' , determine if the claim: 'George W. Bush was president of the United States of America.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",George W. Bush was president of the United States of America.,{ contradiction } It is correct because the statement says that he is the former president of the US. I believe the system was fooled because the original statement was focusing on Rev. James Smith Bush +"Given the premise: 'Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985), born Panagiotis Charanis (Greek: Παναγιώτης Χαρανής ), was a Greece-born American scholar of Byzantium and the Voorhees Professor of History at Rutgers University. Dr. Charanis was long associated with the Dumbarton Oaks research library.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Peter Charanis is alive' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Peter Charanis is alive,{ entailment } It says Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985).. which means he's dead +"Given the premise: 'Brixia-Zust (originally Brixia-Züst) was an Italian car manufacturer founded by engineer Roberto Züst, owner of Zust company of Milan. The affiliated company was situated in Brescia, Northern Italy. (Brixia is the antique Latin for Brescia.) These companies are often confused. The company made racing cars that participated in Targa Florio, an open road race in Sicily.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Targa Florio is held in Sicily not in France.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Targa Florio is held in Sicily not in France.,"{ neutral } Targa Florio, according to the context, is held in Sicily and not in France. System may have been confused by the addition of France in the statement." +" Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful. What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II? ",What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?, National Bishop Conferences +" After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the Thomas Jefferson administration), and rechristened Fort Nathan Hale, after the Revolutionary War hero who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the War of 1812. In 1863, during the Civil War, a second Fort Hale was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a Southern raid against New Haven be launched. The United States Congress deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year. After which revolutionary war hero and New Haven native was Black Rock Fort rechristened upon reconstruction in 1807? ",After which revolutionary war hero and New Haven native was Black Rock Fort rechristened upon reconstruction in 1807?, Nathan Hale +"Given the context: 'The tallest building in Tokyo and the second tallest building in Japan, the TMGO was conceived as a high-tech center from which Tokyo could be led into the promising twenty-first century.' , classify the statement: 'the TMGO was promising' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the TMGO was promising,"{ neutral } the TMGO is a reason for a promising future, so it in itself could be said to be promising" +"With the premise: 'That's right. That's the important hurdle, and we'd like to jump that first, but the other ones, Justice, you're right, in 1831 and in 1909 Congress extended terms in a way that is inconsistent with the strongest form of the test that we have advanced. Those extensions, however, were never challenged in any court and certainly not considered by this Court.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'In 1909 Congress made a bad decision to extend terms.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",In 1909 Congress made a bad decision to extend terms.,{ entailment } I have no idea why congress extended terms- it could have been bad or could not. +"Using the premise: 'The Magic Roundabout (released in France as Pollux - Le manège enchanté and redubbed in the United States as Doogal or The Lord of the Springs) is a 2005 French-British computer-animated adventure fantasy film based on the television series ""The Magic Roundabout"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'They changed the name of The Magic Roundabout in America because people there do not know what a roundabout is.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",They changed the name of The Magic Roundabout in America because people there do not know what a roundabout is.,{ contradiction } Who knows why they changed the name. +" ""We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate,"" he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. What options do minority party have in amendment phase? ",What options do minority party have in amendment phase?, offer our program as a substitute +"Given the context: 'The 1997 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Roda JC and Heerenveen on 8 May 1997 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 1996–97 KNVB Cup competition and the 79th KNVB Cup final. Roda won 4–2 after goals from Gerald Sibon, Ger Senden, Eric van der Luer and Maarten Schops. It was the side's first KNVB Cup trophy.' , classify the statement: 'Roda JC kept the Cup trophy at their headquarters.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Roda JC kept the Cup trophy at their headquarters.,{ contradiction } Winning the Cup does not mean the team housed it at their headquarters location. The system could have interpreted it as kept winning the Cup. +"Given the detailed context: 'The 2017 City of Onkaparinga ATP Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Happy Valley, Australia from 2 to 8 January 2017.', judge whether the statement: 'In 2017 a professional tennis tournament was played on soft courts.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",In 2017 a professional tennis tournament was played on soft courts.,{ contradiction } A pro tournament on soft courts may have been played somewhere in the world in 2017. +" In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as ""Uncle Carl."" Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, ""Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle."" Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler. What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's? ",What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's?, William Wyler +"From the information in: 'Miss Perú 2010, the 58th Miss Perú pageant was held at the on May 22, 2010. That year, 22 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winner represented Peru at the Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2010. The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'the 58th miss per pageant had 21 candidates' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the 58th miss per pageant had 21 candidates,{ entailment } The pageant actually had 22 candidates not 21 per the context provided. +" Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many romanticized characterizations of samurai behavior such as the writing of Bushido (武士道, Bushidō?) in 1905, studies of Kobudo and traditional Budō indicate that the samurai were as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior. How were samurai unrealistically portrayed? ",How were samurai unrealistically portrayed?, romanticized +"With the given context: 'Piazza Colonna is a piazza at the center of the Rione of Colonna in the historic heart of Rome, Italy. It is named for the marble Column of Marcus Aurelius, which has stood there since AD 193. The bronze statue of Saint Paul that crowns the column was placed in 1589, by order of Pope Sixtus V. The Roman Via Lata (now the Via del Corso) runs through the piazza's eastern end, from south to north.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The marble column of Marcus Aurelius has been in Rome for 430 years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The marble column of Marcus Aurelius has been in Rome for 430 years.,"{ entailment } This statement is definitely incorrect because according to the passage the column has been there since 193 AD, meaning it's been in Rome for 1,826 years. " +" Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors. This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics. Over time, this has led to complex groups of coevolved species. Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms. Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems. What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators? ",What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators?, plant toxins +"Given the detailed context: 'The flag of Adjara is a flag of Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara. It displays seven dark blue and white stripes, with the national flag of Georgia shown in canton. The dark blue stripes symbolize the Black Sea and the white stripes symbolize purity. The flag was adopted on 20 July 2004 by the Supreme Council of Adjara.', judge whether the statement: 'Georgia's flag is blue and white.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Georgia's flag is blue and white.,{ entailment } The Georgia flag is red and white. +" With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the ""Chinese New Year's Offensive"") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951. How did some UN troops react to the use of noise? ",How did some UN troops react to the use of noise?," some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south " +"With the given context: 'WJMF-LP is a low-power television station in Jackson, Mississippi. The station, which currently operates on Channel 6, is owned by Rainey Radio. The station currently acts as a radio station broadcasting a Oldies & Classic Hits format as ""EZ 87.7"", taking advantage of that station's audio signal on 87.75 MHz FM.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The radio station is called Oldies & Classic Hits.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The radio station is called Oldies & Classic Hits.,{ entailment } The radio station is called EZ 87.7; Oldies & Classic Hits is what it plays. +" 114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest. Which library is Columbia University's largest? ",Which library is Columbia University's largest?, Butler Library +"Using the premise: 'The Great Maratha is an Indian historical drama television series directed by Sanjay Khan and produced by Numero Uno International Limited. The drama, aired on Doordarshan National, is based on the life of Mahadaji Shinde. The show comprised 47 episodes. The music was composed by Mohammed Zahur Khayyam.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Mahadaji Shinde was no longer alive in 1833.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Mahadaji Shinde was no longer alive in 1833.,"{ contradiction } Their year of death is never mentioned in the text and there aren't any hints, so we don't know. It's difficult because it says ""life of Mahadaji"" in the text, so the system assumes saying he was no longer alive is correct." +" Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite. What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements? ",What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements?, U +"Analyze the premise: 'Mohanned Mehdi Al-Nadawi (Arabic: مهند مهدی الندوی‎ ‎ ) an Iraqi footballer. He is the first foreign footballer who became the Top Goal Scorer in Iranian Football League. In the 1999/2000 season, he scored a total of 14 goals, ahead of Iranian super goal scorers Behnam Seraj and Hamid Reza Ebrahimi.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Mohanned played for IFL before moving to the NFL' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mohanned played for IFL before moving to the NFL,{ neutral } It states he only played for the IFL as he was Iranian +" Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in ""head retention"", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last. The acidity of hops is a preservative. How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured? ",How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?, the International Bitterness Units scale +"Based on the details provided in: '""That's the Beat of a Heart"" is a song recorded by American country music duo The Warren Brothers featuring Sara Evans. It was released in March 2000 as the first single from their album ""King of Nothing"". It was also included on the soundtrack to the 2000 film ""Where the Heart Is"". The song was written by Tena Clark and Tim Heintz.' , determine if the claim: 'The Warren Brothers' song ""That's the Beat of a Heart"" has featured in many motion pictures. ' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Warren Brothers' song ""That's the Beat of a Heart"" has featured in many motion pictures. ",{ entailment } We know from the statement that it's been in one motion picture but there's no information that it's been in any more than that. +" In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a ""Germany"" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as ""worldview"" (Weltanschauung). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between ""civilized"" and ""primitive"" or ""tribal"" cultures. What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? ",What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era?, Weltanschauung +" As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education. While some critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence. Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs, of ""astroturfing"". what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do ",what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do , Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education +" The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's ""Give me liberty or give me death"" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood. what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond? ",what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?, Give me liberty or give me death +"From the facts presented in 'Couch
Marlon had been independent since 18. At 32 he lost everything, his house, his wife, and his job. He was now moving back into his parents house. He now had to sleep on the same couch he watched cartoons on. Marlon found a new job and moved out within four days.' , decide if the statement: 'Marlon was independent for 20 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Marlon was independent for 20 years.,"{ entailment } Marlon had been independent since 18, but at 32 he moved back into his parents house. This means he was independent for less than 20 years. The model may not know math." +" The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the ""peak of Napoleonic warfare,"" according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: ""Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered."" Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight. How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt? ",How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt?," 140,000 " +" In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: ""There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter."" This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called ""intelligence"" or ""the light of truth"", which like all observable matter ""was not created or made, neither indeed can be"". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness. Neoplatonism describes divinity as what? ",Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?," simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical " +" The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces. What is Tibet exempt from? ",What is Tibet exempt from?, all taxation +"With the premise: 'Wax Figures
Ashley and Maria went to the Historical Museum. They saw many wax figures while they were there. They wanted to learn more about wax figures. They heard about Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. They planned a vacation to go see the famous museum of wax figures.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Maria went on vacation to the Madame Tussauds museum.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Maria went on vacation to the Madame Tussauds museum.,{ entailment } They were planning a vacation to Madame Tussand's but have not gone yet. +"Given the premise: 'Texas District 6 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves an area including four counties to the south of the Dallas/Fort Worth area plus the southeast corner of Tarrant County. As of the 2000 census, District 6 represents 651,620 people. The current Representative from District 6 is Joe Barton and has been since 1985.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The current Representative is Joe Barton who has serve District 6 for 10 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The current Representative is Joe Barton who has serve District 6 for 10 years.,{ entailment } He has been serving since 1985 +" Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow. Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation? ",Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation?, rain +"Examine the premise: 'Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson is an award winning Icelandic stage and film actor who starred in and co-wrote 2011's ""Either Way"", Ragnar Bragason's ""Metalhead"" and Baltasar Kormákur's ""The Deep"". Gunnarsson stars in the film Rams which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. He also stars in the upcoming American film ""Autumn Lights"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson was born in Iceland' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson was born in Iceland,"{ neutral } For Sveinn to be Icelandic, he would need to be born in Iceland. " +" The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century. What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against? ",What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against?, Seminoles +"Given the premise: 'Wye Bridge Ward was one of four wards in the town of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. Streets in the ward included St Mary's Street, Almshouse Street, St James Street, St James Square, Whitecross Street and Monk Street. The ward existed as a division of the town by the early seventeenth century, and continued into the twentieth century.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The ward existed as a division of the town from 1620 through the twentieth century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The ward existed as a division of the town from 1620 through the twentieth century.,"{ entailment } Although there is information that the ward was a division of the town in the early 17th century, we have no information as to which specific years it existed." +"Given the detailed context: 'This page is a list of present-day bridges over the River Seine and its channels, sorted by département, and then sorted from downstream to upstream. After each bridge is listed the name of the communes which it links together, with the one on the right bank of the river given first. The list does not include bridges over its tributaries.', judge whether the statement: 'Bridge is listed before the name' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bridge is listed before the name,{ contradiction } It says after each bridge there is a name +"Reflect on the information in: 'Serial Killers Ink is a website dedicated to selling ""murderabilia"" (collectibles related to murders, murderers or other violent crimes) and serial killer art, interviewing convicted serial killers and also serves as a meeting place for those interested or involved in the murderabilia industry.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Serial Killers Ink is safe for children' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Serial Killers Ink is safe for children,{ neutral } Serial killers are not a safe place for kids +" The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire? ",What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire?, Battle of Actium +" In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses. In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale. In June 2010, Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields. What was the name of the 50:50 joint venture formed by Shell and Cosan? ",What was the name of the 50:50 joint venture formed by Shell and Cosan?, Raízen +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to move columns in excel
Select the column (or columns, if they're adjacent) that you wish to move. You can select the column by clicking on the column header which is the letter visible by the ruler. Cut the information in the column.' . Does the hypothesis: 'You can quickly move the columns in excel by first choosing one or more columns by clicking' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",You can quickly move the columns in excel by first choosing one or more columns by clicking,"{ neutral } You can move the columns in excel by clicking on them, that is the same as choosing them by clicking, so my statement is correct" +"From the information in: 'Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Temuera Morrison, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by Lucas and Jonathan Hales and written by George Lucas' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by Lucas and Jonathan Hales and written by George Lucas,{ entailment } Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales not the other way around +"Consider the premise in: 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa (Mongolian: Отрядын Гүндэгмаа , born 23 May 1978), is a Mongolian sports shooter. She competed in 10 m and 25 m pistol events at the 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, and had her best results in the 25 pistol, winning a silver medal in 2008 and placing fifth-sixth in 1996–2004.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd,"{ neutral } It is stated that Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd, 1978 and I stated that Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd. I think this was difficult for the system because of the way it was worded." +"Considering the context: 'Davenport missed Wednesday's practice due to an undisclosed injury but was seen working on the sidelines Thursday, Josh Katzenstein of The New Orleans Times-Picayune reports. It's unclear exactly what is bothering Davenport, but he was at least able to do some individual work on the side Thursday. The rookie defensive end has reportedly been going through some growing pains in his first training camp, and Davenport will need to get healthy and back on the field as soon as possible in order to prove his worth as the 14th overall pick.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Josh Katzenstein is a reporter' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Josh Katzenstein is a reporter,{ neutral } Josh Katzenstein reported a story +"Given the detailed context: 'Common Law Cabin (original title ""How Much Lovin' Does a Normal Couple Need?"") is a 1967 exploitation film directed by Russ Meyer. The movie features Alaina Capri and Meyer regulars Babette Bardot and Jack Moran. It was co-written by Russ Meyer and Jack Moran, and filmed on location on the Colorado River in Arizona. Other portions of the film were shot in the Coachella Valley, California.', judge whether the statement: 'Russ Meyer was on set in California for the movie.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Russ Meyer was on set in California for the movie.,{ entailment } We do not know if Russ was on set or not. +"With the given context: 'The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is an upcoming Canadian drama film, co-written, co-produced and directed by Xavier Dolan in his English-language debut. It stars Kit Harington, Natalie Portman, Jessica Chastain, Susan Sarandon, Kathy Bates, Jacob Tremblay, Ben Schnetzer, Thandie Newton, Amara Karan, Chris Zylka, Jared Keeso, Emily Hampshire and Michael Gambon.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is not avialable to view yet.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is not avialable to view yet.,{ neutral } The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is a film from the Northern Hemisphere. +"Reflect on the information in: 'How Green Was My Valley is a BBC Television serial based on the novel by Richard Llewellyn, and features one of the last performances by Stanley Baker. It was first shown in the UK from 29 December 1975 in six weekly parts, while producer Martin Lisemore also cast Siân Phillips in his next production, ""I Claudius"" (1976).' . Does the hypothesis: '""I Claudius"" was released to the public over ten years ago.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","""I Claudius"" was released to the public over ten years ago.","{ contradiction } Technically, 1976 was over ten years ago. I think the system got this wrong because it was an arbitrarily selected period of time." +"Using the premise: 'Zambia Sugar Plc, is a company based in Mazabuka, Southern Province, Zambia and is the largest sugar producer in Zambia. The company is listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange (symbol: ZSUG) with 82% of the shares held by Illovo Sugar Limited of South Africa (a subsidiary of Associated British Foods) and the balance by institutional and private shareholders in Zambia.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Institutional and private shareholders in Zambia own less than 20% of the shares for Zambia Sugar Plc.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Institutional and private shareholders in Zambia own less than 20% of the shares for Zambia Sugar Plc.,"{ contradiction } They own the balance which is 18% of the shares, which is less than 20%. It's difficult because verifying the statement requires multiple calculations and analyzing different parts of the text." +" Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations. What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause? ",What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause?," its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations " +"Given the context: 'Brynn Anderson/Associated Press Former NFL wide receiver Terrell Owens announced on Thursday he will not attend the 2018 Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinement ceremony Aug. 4 in Canton, Ohio. Adam Schefter of ESPN provided a statement from Owens, who was elected to the 2018 class alongside Bobby Beathard, Robert Brazile, Brian Dawkins, Jerry Kramer, Ray Lewis, Randy Moss and Brian Urlacher: This article will be updated to provide more information on this story as it becomes available. Get the best sports content from the web and social in the new B/R app. Get the app and get the game.' , classify the statement: '5 people were inducted in the class of 2018' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",5 people were inducted in the class of 2018,"{ entailment } It is incorrect because it tells us a list of 8 people that were inducted, so it wasn't only 5 people. The system confuses this because it doesn't taken into account the entire list of people" +"Examine the information in 'Uncommon Danger is the second novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937. In his autobiography, ""Here Lies"", Ambler explains the original title was ""Background To Danger"", but his British publisher disliked the word 'background', so it was published in all English-speaking countries except the US as ""Uncommon Danger"".' Is the statement: 'Uncommon Danger is the last novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Uncommon Danger is the last novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937",{ contradiction } We aren't sure if it's the last novel or not +"Consider the premise in: 'Vincent Paul Abbott, also known as Vinnie Paul (born March 11, 1964), is an American professional drummer and producer who is best known for being a former member, and co-founder, of the heavy metal band Pantera. He is currently a member of supergroup Hellyeah. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his late younger brother, Dimebag Darrell.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The metal band Pantera was founded by a member of the group Hellyeah' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The metal band Pantera was founded by a member of the group Hellyeah,{ contradiction } Vincent was a part of the group Hellyeah and he co-founded Pantera with his brother +" The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata). What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by? ",What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by?," the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata) " +"With the given context: 'Niels Bagge Hansen better known by the stage name Vinnie Who (born on 1 November 1987) is a Danish indie pop and disco singer and songwriter who released two albums, whose the debut ""Then I Met You"" in 2010 and ""Midnight Special"" and is signed to EMI Denmark. An androgynous male singer, he sings in a distinctive high-pitched feminine voice.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Vinnie Who's third album was called ""Then I Left You.""' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Vinnie Who's third album was called ""Then I Left You.""","{ neutral } The vignette clearly states that Vinnie Who released two albums; thus, there could not be a third album." +" These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the ""collective wisdom"" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances: Miller's words were considered what? ",Miller's words were considered what?, fighting words +"Using the premise: 'Japan's Toshiba Corp. announced Tuesday that it has developed the first laptop computer with its new HD DVD drive: a next-generation disc format it is promoting over a rival standard pushed by Sony Corp.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Sony and Toshiba are in the same business sector' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Sony and Toshiba are in the same business sector,"{ neutral } The text states they are rivals and have competing products, ergo in same business sector. Computer may not know synonym for sector." +"Given the context: 'Steve Ripley (born Paul Steven Ripley, January 1, 1950, Boise, Idaho, United States) is an American recording artist, record producer, songwriter, studio engineer, guitarist, and inventor. He has been active in the music industry since 1977. He is also the leader/producer of country rock band The Tractors.' , classify the statement: 'Steve Ripley is the creator and songwriter for country rock band The Lawn Tractors. +' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Steve Ripley is the creator and songwriter for country rock band The Lawn Tractors. +",{ entailment } Steve Ripley is NOT the creator of Nor songwriter for the band called the Lawn Tractors which doesn't even exist. Fa;lse +"Analyze the premise: 'Binani Industries Ltd is an Indian business group based in Mumbai. It is a 143-year old business conglomerate and belongs to the legendary Braj Binani Group. The business portfolio of Binani Industries includes sectors like cement, zinc, glass-fiber, and downstream composite products.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Braj Binani Group has enjoyed ownership of Binani Industries Ltd since its creation.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Braj Binani Group has enjoyed ownership of Binani Industries Ltd since its creation.,{ entailment } Binani Industries Ltd is part of the Braj Binani Group however the context does not state that this has always been the case. +" Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the attacks closed due to lack of need. Although the stress of the war resulted in many anxiety attacks, eating disorders, fatigue, weeping, miscarriages, and other physical and mental ailments, society did not collapse. The number of suicides and drunkenness declined, and London recorded only about two cases of ""bomb neuroses"" per week in the first three months of bombing. Many civilians found that the best way to retain mental stability was to be with family, and after the first few weeks of bombing avoidance of the evacuation programs grew.:80–81 Glover speculated that the knowledge that the entire country was being attacked, that there was no way to escape the bombs, forced people to accept and deal with the situation.:118 The entire country was being attack and Glover believe it help people to do what? ",The entire country was being attack and Glover believe it help people to do what?, accept and deal +"Considering the context: 'Walter Joseph De Maria (October 1, 1935 – July 25, 2013) was an American artist, sculptor, illustrator and composer, who lived and worked in New York City. Walter de Maria's artistic practice is connected with Minimal art, Conceptual art, and Land art of the 1960s.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Walter Joseph De Maria died when he was less than 77 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Walter Joseph De Maria died when he was less than 77 years old.,"{ entailment } Based on the birth and death dates given in the context statement, Mr. De Maria died when he was 77 years, so he could not have died when he was less than 77 years old." +"Considering the context: 'The Sea Hornet is a 1951 American adventure film directed by Joseph Kane and written by Gerald Drayson Adams. The film stars Rod Cameron, Adele Mara, Lorna Gray, Chill Wills, Jim Davis and Richard Jaeckel. The film was released on November 6, 1951, by Republic Pictures.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Adams did not want Cameron in the film.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Adams did not want Cameron in the film.,{ contradiction } It is unknown if Adams wanted Cameron in the film. The system was confused by the context. +"From the information in: 'The Third Option is Vince Flynn's third novel, and the 2nd to feature Mitch Rapp, an American agent that works for the CIA as an operative for a covert counterterrorism unit called the ""Orion Team"". The first in the Mitch Rapp series American Assassin, was written later, but was a prologue to Kill Shot.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Kill Shot was written after American Assassin.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kill Shot was written after American Assassin.,{ entailment } American Assassin was clearly written after Kill Shot. System is likely confused by ordinals or prologues. +"With the given context: 'It would seem that in the social and cultural context of Montreal, as far as that city is concerned, it is quite difficult to organize education around two religious denominations and to meet at the same time the requirement of non-discrimination called for in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The sand and the sea is truly a place to be' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The sand and the sea is truly a place to be,"{ contradiction } My statement is a nonsensical statement about the beach. Its neither correct nor incorrect because the beach very well could be a good spot, but it's totally unrelated to the statement. The model was probably looking for certain patterns, and my statement didn't reflect any of those patterns. " +"Examine the premise: 'How to claim a tenants' rights violation
Identify possible violations. A landlord can violate your rights as a tenant in a variety of ways. The most common is to violate your right to privacy.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'A landlord will violate your right to privacy.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",A landlord will violate your right to privacy.,"{ entailment } Not all landlords will necessarily violate tenants' privacy rights, but some may. No word like ""all, always,"" may have confused AI" +" In 1994, cinematographic production received a boost with the establishment of the Cinema Advisory Committee. As of the year 2000, the annual amount set aside in the national budget stands at Cy Pounds 500,000 (about 850,000 Euros). In addition to government grants, Cypriot co-productions are eligible for funding from the Council of Europe's Eurimages Fund, which finances European film co-productions. To date, four feature-length films in which a Cypriot was executive producer have received funding from Eurimages. The first was I Sphagi tou Kokora (1992), completed in 1996, Hellados (And the Trains Fly to the Sky, 1995), which is currently in post-production, and Costas Demetriou's O Dromos gia tin Ithaki (The Road to Ithaka, 1997) which premiered in March 2000. The theme song to The Road to Ithaka was composed by Costas Cacoyannis and sung by Alexia Vassiliou. In September 1999, To Tama (The Promise) by Andreas Pantzis also received funding from the Eurimages Fund. In 2009 the Greek director, writer and producer Vassilis Mazomenos filmed in Cyprus Guilt. The film was awarded in 2012 with the Best Screenwriting and Best Photography award in London Greek Film Festival (UK) and was official selection in Montreal World Film Festival, Cairo International Film Festival, India International Film Festival, Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, Fantasporto and opening film in the Panorama of European Cinema in Athens. In 2010 the film was Nominated for the best film from the Hellenic Film Academy. Who finances European film co-productions? ",Who finances European film co-productions?, Council of Europe's Eurimages Fund +" Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet ""the grandmother of Europe"". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. When did Queen Victoria get married? ",When did Queen Victoria get married?, 1840 +"With the given context: 'Nathan Green Gordon (September 4, 1916 – September 8, 2008) was an American lawyer, politician, and decorated naval aviator. A Democrat, he served as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas for ten terms, from 1947 to 1967. As a United States Navy officer in World War II, he received the U.S. military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for rescuing the crews of several downed airplanes.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Nathan Green Gordon was born in Michigan.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Nathan Green Gordon was born in Michigan.,"{ contradiction } It's never mentioned where he was born, just that he served in Arkansas. It's difficult because the text mentions Arkansas, so the system assumes he had to be born there as well, which isn't necessarily true." +" As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful NEC PC Engine and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin. The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted. The final Famicom game released in Japan is Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV (Adventure Island IV), while in North America, Wario's Woods is the final licensed game. In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new software titles, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995. However, Nintendo kept producing new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003, and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts. When did the demand for new NES software dry up? ",When did the demand for new NES software dry up?, late 1993 +"Examine the premise: 'The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7, 2012. It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5. It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Apple A5X was introduced after the second generation iPad.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Apple A5X was introduced after the second generation iPad.,{ contradiction } It wasn't introduced until the 3rd generation. +"Analyze the premise: '""Kaun Tujhe"" (English: Who Would) is a Hindi song from the soundtrack of the 2016 Hindi Film, . The song is penned by Manoj Muntashir, composed by Amaal Mallik, and sung by Palak Muchhal.The song is picturised upon Sushant Singh Rajput and Disha Patani in the film.. This song presents some respectful words about love in a form of beautiful song.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Kaun Tujhe was sung by an individual with the last name Muchhal.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kaun Tujhe was sung by an individual with the last name Muchhal.,{ contradiction } The prompt states that Kaun Tujhe was sung by Palak Muchhal. +" So an additional problem beyond canceling the unwanted reactance is of matching the remaining resistive impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. In principle this can always be done with a transformer, however the turns ratio of a transformer is not adjustable. A general matching network with at least two adjustments can be made to correct both components of impedance. Matching networks using discrete inductors and capacitors will have losses associated with those components, and will have power restrictions when used for transmitting. Avoiding these difficulties, commercial antennas are generally designed with fixed matching elements or feeding strategies to get an approximate match to standard coax, such as 50 or 75 Ohms. Antennas based on the dipole (rather than vertical antennas) should include a balun in between the transmission line and antenna element, which may be integrated into any such matching network. What is not adjustable when it comes to a transformer? ",What is not adjustable when it comes to a transformer?, turns ratio +"Analyze the premise: 'Early
Tina wanted to spend more time with her mom. So when her mom invited her to go out one morning, Tina agreed. They left at 9 AM and went to several garage sales. Tina had hated getting up so early. But she loved spending time with her mother!' . Classify the hypothesis: 'tina's parent invited her to go shopping.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",tina's parent invited her to go shopping.,{ contradiction } Tina's mom is definitely her parents and she wanted to go shopping with her mom. i think the system didn't understand that tina's mom was her parent. +" Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds. What is the largest bird? ",What is the largest bird?, ostrich +"Given the context: '""Sunny Sundae Smile"" is a song by the alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine. It was released as a non-album single in February 1987 on Lazy Records. Recorded at Alaska Studios in London, ""Sunny Sundae Smile"" was the band's first release on Lazy Records and the final release to feature original vocalist David Conway.' , classify the statement: 'Sunny Sundae Smile was released in MCMLXXXXII' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Sunny Sundae Smile was released in MCMLXXXXII,{ neutral } Roman numerals. +" There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect which fed on the branches and leaves of the oak tree. For those with even more money there was Polish Cochineal; also known as Kermes vermilio or ""Blood of Saint John"", which was made from a related insect, the Margodes polonicus. It made a more vivid red than ordinary Kermes. The finest and most expensive variety of red made from insects was the ""Kermes"" of Armenia (Armenian cochineal, also known as Persian kirmiz), made by collecting and crushing Porphyophora hamelii, an insect which lived on the roots and stems of certain grasses. The pigment and dye merchants of Venice imported and sold all of these products and also manufactured their own color, called Venetian red, which was considered the most expensive and finest red in Europe. Its secret ingredient was arsenic, which brightened the color. What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John? ",What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John?, Kermes vermilio +" One crucial innovation in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was the anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, slow migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines. In part this is due to isolation by distance. This point called attention to a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races (for example, those based on hair texture and skin color): they ignore a host of other similarities and differences (for example, blood type) that do not correlate highly with the markers for race. Thus, anthropologist Frank Livingstone's conclusion, that since clines cross racial boundaries, ""there are no races, only clines"". What is Frank Livingstone's profession? ",What is Frank Livingstone's profession?, anthropologist +" Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven. When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol? ",When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol? , after season 13 +" The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed] How long has this cultural diffusion been happening? ",How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?," last 10,000 years " +"Given the context: 'Uniformity is not a sine qua non, and this is where Pepin-Robarts in reminding us of the opting in and opting out facilities and raising the compensation in opting out provided the opportunity if there is a spirit of goodwill and of pragmatic compromise for working out arrangements to accommodate the increasing pluralism in our federal society.' , classify the statement: 'The first word in the statement is Uniformity' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The first word in the statement is Uniformity,{ contradiction } It is clear that that is the first word +" The older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 78 rpm records was an album called Young at Heart, issued November 1, 1954. As late as the 1970s, some children's records were released at the 78 rpm speed. In the United Kingdom, the 78 rpm single lasted longer than in the United States and the 45 rpm took longer to become popular. The 78 rpm was overtaken in popularity by the 45 rpm in the late 1950s, as teenagers became increasingly affluent. When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm ",When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm, 1950s +" NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China. Where was Nigeria's second satellite manufactured? ",Where was Nigeria's second satellite manufactured?, United Kingdom +" One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers ""a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions."" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region). What does CSAD stand for? ",What does CSAD stand for?, Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents +" The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.) Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from? ",Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?, its sponsors in the United States Senate +"Considering the context: 'I agree, and this Court has -- we're not just talking about the judgment of the Congress of the -- the 105th Congress in 1998. This is the way the Statute of Anne was written. This is the way the State copyright laws were written when this country became a Nation. This is the way the 1790 copyright statute, the number of --' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'anne wrote a statute in order to stop people from copying right handed people.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",anne wrote a statute in order to stop people from copying right handed people.,{ neutral } anne wrote the state to stop copyrighting not copying right handed people +"Examine the premise: 'Eme 15 is the self-titled debut studio album by Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15. The album was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 26, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Eme 15 was released in Mexico and Latin America on June 27, 2012 through Warner Music México, and features songs from the Nickelodeon Latin America and Televisa musical television series, Miss XV.","{ entailment } The album was released in June 26, 2012 not June 27, 2012. I added alot of correct info but changed one small detail." +" Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. Zwingli was a scholar and preacher, who in 1518 moved to Zurich. Although the two movements agreed on many issues of theology, some unresolved differences kept them separate. A long-standing resentment between the German states and the Swiss Confederation led to heated debate over how much Zwingli owed his ideas to Lutheranism. The German Prince Philip of Hesse saw potential in creating an alliance between Zwingli and Luther. A meeting was held in his castle in 1529, now known as the Colloquy of Marburg, which has become infamous for its failure. The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine. What did the Colloquy of Marburg become infamous for? ",What did the Colloquy of Marburg become infamous for?, its failure +" The ""Rheinische"" Carnival is held in the west of Germany, mainly in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia or Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rhineland Palatinate or Rheinland-Pfalz, but also in Hessen [including Oberhessen], Bavaria and other states. Some cities are more famous for celebrations such as parades and costume balls. Köln or Cologne Carnival, as well as Mainz and Düsseldorf are the largest and most famous. Other cities have their own, often less well-known celebrations, parades and parties such as Worms am Rhein, Speyer, Kaiserslautern, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Augsburg and München [Munich] Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday (called ""Old Women Day"" or ""The Women's Day"") in commemoration of an 1824 revolt by washer-women, women storm city halls, cut men's ties, and are allowed to kiss any passing man. What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man? ",What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?, kiss +"Examine the information in 'Babes in Arms is a 1937 musical comedy with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Lorenz Hart and book by Rodgers and Hart. It concerns a group of small-town Long Island teenagers who put on a show to avoid being sent to a work farm by the town sheriff when their actor parents go on the road for five months in an effort to earn some money by reviving vaudeville.' Is the statement: 'Babes in Arms is a musical comedy that was released over 85 years ago in 1937.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Babes in Arms is a musical comedy that was released over 85 years ago in 1937.,{ entailment } It is now 2019 and if the musical came out in 1937 that would only of been 82 years ago making the statement 85 years ago incorrect. +"Given the context: 'Them Crooked Vultures is the debut studio album by the rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures that was released on November 16, 2009. The first single from the album, ""New Fang"", was released on October 26, 2009, followed by ""Mind Eraser, No Chaser"" on November 3. The album debuted at number 12 on the ""Billboard"" 200, selling 70,000 units in the US in its first week.' , classify the statement: 'Them Crooked Vultures's debut studio album is self titled.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Them Crooked Vultures's debut studio album is self titled.,"{ contradiction } ""Self titled"" means that the album has the same name as the band, so it is self titled. It may have been difficult because you have to know what self titled means." +" The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016. From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games. A contract with what television network led to the discontinuation of exhibition games in the preseason? ",A contract with what television network led to the discontinuation of exhibition games in the preseason?, NBC +"Analyze the premise: 'But we have several issues. One is that when we filed our motion to quash last week, quite honestly, we thought we did it in a timely fashion because we filed it only after we were served with the subpoena. Your Honor summarily dismissed that motion to quash, so, in effect, if my reporters were to be called upon to testify today by the plaintiffs, they're undressed.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The speaker has issues other than the motion to quash.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The speaker has issues other than the motion to quash.,"{ neutral } The speaker says, ""But we have several issues. One is that when we filed our motion to quash..."", indicating that this is not the only issue he or she has. " +" In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the future, Parliament passed the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 into law. Thus the outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act. However, some benefactors are alleged to have attempted to circumvent this by cloaking their contributions as loans, giving rise to the 'Cash for Peerages' scandal. What did the Honours act do? ",What did the Honours act do?, outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act +"Using the premise: 'On August 21, the Polish weekly Przekrój published an advertisement for Dan-Mark exercise books, bearing the logo of 4fun.tv, a Polish music/interactive TV station. Part of the advertisement contained a definition of the word ""exercise book"". The wording looked familiar, and Wikinews consulted Wikipedia, the collaborative online encyclopedia. Upon seeing the Wikipedia definition, it appeared that the entry quoted in the promotional material was identical to the initial two paragraphs of the relevant Wikipedia entry.' , decide if the conclusion: '4fun.tv were involved in the production of the advert which was aired' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",4fun.tv were involved in the production of the advert which was aired,{ neutral } 4fun.tv had their logo included meaning they had some sort of involvement in the production +"With the given context: 'Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He has had roles in the films ""The Manchurian Candidate"", ""Friends with Money"", ""The Golden Compass"", ""The Duchess"", ""Robin Hood"", """", ""Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy"", ""Magic in the Moonlight"", ""The Theory of Everything"" and """".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Simon Montagu McBurney passed up roles' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Simon Montagu McBurney passed up roles,{ contradiction } he may or may not have +"Given the detailed context: 'Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg were the defending champions. Annacone participated with John Fitzgerald, and lost in the quarterfinals to Scott Davis and David Pate, while Van Rensburg played with Kevin Curren, and lost in the semifinals to Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata.
Rick Leach and Jim Pugh defeated Connell and Michibata 3–6, 6–4, 6–2, in the final.', judge whether the statement: 'Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg won more than 0 championships.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg won more than 0 championships.,{ neutral } Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg were victorious at least once. +" Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues. He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both entered the computer field as consultants and were involved in advancing a new method of using multiple computers to solve complex problems—later known as parallel computing. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory retained Feynman as a computational consultant during critical missions. One co-worker characterized Feynman as akin to Don Quixote at his desk, rather than at a computer workstation, ready to do battle with the windmills. What type of computing did Feynman and his son help develop? ",What type of computing did Feynman and his son help develop?, parallel computing +" On 16 March 1938, Barcelona came under aerial bombardment from the Italian Air Force, causing more than 3,000 deaths, with one of the bombs hitting the club's offices. A few months later, Catalonia came under occupation and as a symbol of the ""undisciplined"" Catalanism, the club, now down to just 3,486 members, faced a number of restrictions. All signs of regional nationalism, including language, flag and other signs of separatism were banned throughout Spain. The Catalan flag was banned and the club were prohibited from using non-Spanish names. These measures forced the club to change its name to Club de Fútbol Barcelona and to remove the Catalan flag from its crest. What flag was removed from the club's crest? ",What flag was removed from the club's crest?, Catalan +"From the facts presented in 'The 1996–97 Wessex Football League was the 11th season of the Wessex Football League. The league champions for the second time in their history were A.F.C. Lymington, after remaining unbeaten for the whole season. There was no promotion to the Southern League, but Petersfield Town finished bottom and were relegated.' , decide if the statement: 'The Southern League is below the Wessex Football League.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Southern League is below the Wessex Football League.,{ entailment } Reason: You wouldn't be 'promoted' to the league below you. Why: AI doesn't understand teh league tiers. +" After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India. Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951? ",Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951?, the Telangana uprising +"With the premise: 'Natasha Elizabeth Dupeyrón Estrada (born 3 June 1991 in Mexico City, Mexico) known professionally as Natasha Dupeyron, is a Mexican actress and singer. She has acted in various Mexican telenovelas since childhood. Dupeyrón was a member of the Mexican-Argentine pop band, Eme 15 from 2011 until 2014.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Natasha Elizabeth Dupeyrón Estrada was a member of her band when she was 20' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Natasha Elizabeth Dupeyrón Estrada was a member of her band when she was 20,"{ neutral } She was 20 in 2011, I used some complex words for algorithms" +" Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced ""these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business"". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage. What did Victoria's isolation give way to? ",What did Victoria's isolation give way to?, the growth of the republican movement +"Reflect on the information in: 'Will Wheaton, born Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. (born October 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He grew up in Los Angeles and is the son of Gospel singer Juanita Wheaton. He studied music in his teens and was eventually tutored by Furman Fordham, whose former students include Lena Horne.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Willie Mack Wheaton Jr. was born 5 days away from the end of the 10th month of 1972,{ neutral } Weird way to say date again. It hates it +"Consider the premise in: 'New York
I went to New York City to sing last year. I went to Central Park to get some nice pictures. On they way back, I saw a street market. I was so engrossed in the market, I got lost. I had to walk many extra blocks to get back to my hotel!' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'I went to New York last year to sing, i wanted to go to the market but i got lost in central park since it was so dark and rainy, so i went back to the hotel' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","I went to New York last year to sing, i wanted to go to the market but i got lost in central park since it was so dark and rainy, so i went back to the hotel",{ neutral } They did not get lost in the central park so my statement was incorrect +" The popular sports in Tuvalu include kilikiti, Ano, football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations for athletics, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, football, basketball, rugby union, weightlifting and powerlifting. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.) In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division. What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition? ",What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition? , Tuau Lapua Lapua +" Kevin Saunderson's company KMS Records contributed many releases that were as much house music as they were techno. These tracks were well received in Chicago and played on Chicago radio and in clubs.[citation needed] Blake Baxter's 1986 recording, ""When we Used to Play / Work your Body"", 1987's ""Bounce Your Body to the Box"" and ""Force Field"", ""The Sound / How to Play our Music"" and ""the Groove that Won't Stop"" and a remix of ""Grooving Without a Doubt"". In 1988, as house music became more popular among general audiences, Kevin Saunderson's group Inner City with Paris Gray released the 1988 hits ""Big Fun"" and ""Good Life"", which eventually were picked up by Virgin Records. Each EP / 12 inch single sported remixes by Mike ""Hitman"" Wilson and Steve ""Silk"" Hurley of Chicago and Derrick ""Mayday"" May and Juan Atkins of Detroit. In 1989, KMS had another hit release of ""Rock to the Beat"" which was a theme in Chicago dance clubs.[citation needed] who founded KMS Records? ",who founded KMS Records?, Kevin Saunderson +"From the information in: 'A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'A habitat refers to the food eaten by an animal, as well as the type of shelter used by the animal.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","A habitat refers to the food eaten by an animal, as well as the type of shelter used by the animal.","{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because these items are not what a habitat refers to, they are part of what an animal can do inside its habitat though. It's difficult because the statement combines parts of the text that are true, but the overall statement itself is not true." +"Consider the premise in: 'Gunby is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated close to the borders with Leicestershire and Rutland, and 9 mi south from Grantham, and 2 mi west from the A1 road. It is in the civil parish of Gunby and Stainby.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Gunby borders Rutland an Grantham.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Gunby borders Rutland an Grantham.,"{ entailment } It states ""It is situated close to the borders with Leicestershire and Rutland and 9 mi south from Grantham"" Therefore it borders Rutland and Leicestershire. " +"Examine the premise: 'How to enjoy a hayride
Find a hayride near you. Many farms offer hayride experiences near to towns and cities. Look in notices in the paper, online, or ask around for recommendations by word-of-mouth.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'There will be a notice in the paper for a local hayride.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",There will be a notice in the paper for a local hayride.,{ entailment } I said there will be a notice in the paper for a local hayride. However that is not necessarily correct or incorrect as maybe there is no notice in the paper. +"Considering the context: 'Tosca Musk is an American filmmaker. She is a producer and director of feature films, television programs and web content. Her web series, ""Tiki Bar TV"", and Hallmark television movie, ""Holiday Engagement"" have garnered some attention, with ""Holiday Engagement"" setting records for the most-watched television movie on Hallmark. She is the sister of entrepreneurs Elon and Kimbal Musk.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Tosca Musk has a least two brothers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Tosca Musk has a least two brothers.,"{ neutral } The caption identifies two brothers, so there are at least two brothers. I fooled the system because I kept the statement short and addressed an unimportant part of the caption." +"Examine the premise: 'We have to try to get to the heart of those problems: problems surrounding the murder of a Somalia civilian; the cover-up of the murder; the failure of the general staff and the government to hold anyone accountable for their actions or omissions; the cultural secrecy within the Department of National Defence; and the double standards in the military justice system all became very evident during the Somalia inquiry.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Somalia is not a person' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Somalia is not a person,{ contradiction } Somalia is not a person it is a place +" At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success. Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on? ",Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?, Maxwell Anderson +"Given the context: 'How entrenched is the term 'Fake News' in our everyday lives? So much that it's being added to the next print edition of the Collins Dictionary. John Q. Public now uses the phrase 'Fake news' so much that the Collins Dictionary has named it the ""Word of the Year"" (yes, I realize it's actually two words, not one). According to the latest numbers, usage of the phrase is up by 365% since 2016 - and that's not fake news. Sign Up for the Our Newsletter Enter your email to receive the latest news and information directly to your inbox! Name * First Last Email *' , classify the statement: 'fake news is a nickname given to the media standing against the president' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",fake news is a nickname given to the media standing against the president,"{ contradiction } My statement is not mentioned in the article, but it's popularly used by Trump. This makes it correct nor incorrect. The model was fooled by vague language " +"Given the context: 'The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team that has been based in Washington, D.C. since . The Nationals are a member of both the Major League Baseball's (MLB) National League Eastern Division and the National League (NL) itself. Since the 2008 season, the Nationals have played in Nationals Park; from 2005 through , the team played in Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.' , classify the statement: 'The Washington Nationals have played in Nationals Park for more than 1000 days.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Washington Nationals have played in Nationals Park for more than 1000 days.,"{ contradiction } They've played there since the 2008 season, which is 11 years ago, which is far more than 1000 days. It's difficult because the statement mentions days when only a year is mentioned in the text." +" In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015. What was the original name of the Arsenal team? ",What was the original name of the Arsenal team?, Dial Square +"Considering the context: 'Iron Flowers is an album released by country/folk artist and voice actress Grey DeLisle; her fourth release. It comes in an Enhanced CD format, which includes ""Analog Journey into Iron Flowers"". This enhanced content includes interviews with DeLisle detailing the album's tracks and the recording of them.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'It was released by a person whos name does not begin with the letter G' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",It was released by a person whos name does not begin with the letter G,"{ entailment } Grey starts with a G, so that statement is incorrect. I think the model gets confused by letters." +"Given the detailed context: 'The Ottawa Sun is a daily tabloid newspaper in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is published by Sun Media. It was first published in 1983 as the ""Ottawa Sunday Herald"", until it was acquired by (then) Toronto Sun Publishing Corporation in 1988. In April 2015, Sun Media papers were acquired by Postmedia.', judge whether the statement: 'Toronto Sun Publishing acquired the Ottawa Sun in the late nineties.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Toronto Sun Publishing acquired the Ottawa Sun in the late nineties.,{ entailment } Toronto Sun Publishing acquired The Ottawa Sun in 1988. +"With the premise: 'John Forsythe (born either John Lincoln Freund or Jacob Lincoln Freund; January 29, 1918 – April 1, 2010) was an American stage, film/television actor, producer, narrator, drama teacher and philanthropist whose career spanned six decades. He also appeared as a guest on several talk and variety shows and as a panelist on numerous game shows.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'John Forsythe died on April Fool's Day in 2010.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",John Forsythe died on April Fool's Day in 2010.,"{ neutral } The information provided says that he died on April 1, 2010. Thus, he died on April Fool's day. " +"Examine the information in 'How to make candy corn
Combine the powdered sugar, salt, and powdered milk. Add the three ingredients to medium to large bowl and stir or whisk them together until evenly distributed. Set it to the side as you prepare the syrup.' Is the statement: 'candy corn has a n' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",candy corn has a n,{ contradiction } Letter is present +" The racial preferences debate related to admission to US colleges and universities reflects competing notions of the mission of colleges: ""To what extent should they pursue scholarly excellence, to what extent civic goods, and how should these purposes be balanced?"". Scholars such as Ronald Dworkin have asserted that no college applicant has a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities. In this view, admission is not an honor bestowed to reward superior merit but rather a way to advance the mission as each university defines it. If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate against applicants based on hatred or contempt, then affirmative action can be judged acceptable based on the criteria related to the mission the university sets for itself. What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should not have? ",What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should not have?, a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities +"Analyze the premise: 'Clarendon is an urbanized, upper-class neighborhood in Arlington County, Virginia, located between the Rosslyn area and the Ballston area. It was named after Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, a leading statesman and historian of the English Civil War. The main thoroughfares are Wilson Boulevard (one-way westbound) and Clarendon Boulevard (one-way eastbound).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Clarendon has a D.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Clarendon has a D.,{ neutral } D in the name. +" The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for the broad-spectrum antibacterial rifampicin, these cases may be due to an increase in the activities of hepatic liver enzymes' causing increased breakdown of the pill's active ingredients. Effects on the intestinal flora, which might result in reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon, have also been suggested, but such suggestions have been inconclusive and controversial. Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives. Whhat does intestinal flora reduce? ",Whhat does intestinal flora reduce?, absorption of estrogens +"Examine the information in 'Cruel Intentions: The Musical is a jukebox musical adapted from the film ""Cruel Intentions"" by Jordan Ross and Lindsey Rosin with music direction and arrangements by Zach Spound. After two sold-out engagements in Los Angeles, the show made its New York City debut at Le Poisson Rouge in 2017.' Is the statement: 'the show only debut in new York and los angelos' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",the show only debut in new York and los angelos,{ contradiction } it doesn't state if the show debut anywhere else or not +"With the given context: 'Putnam County is a county located in North Central Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,979. Its county seat is Unionville. The county was organized February 28, 1845 and named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'the county was organised February 28 and has a population of 1845' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",the county was organised February 28 and has a population of 1845,"{ entailment } The year 1845 was the year the county was organised, and not the population of the county. the model missed it because it was programmed to accept 1845 regardless of sentence it was used in." +" In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being ""unable to solve the problems"". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest. When did the mutiny of military factions occur? ",When did the mutiny of military factions occur?, October 2004 +"With the given context: 'ABS is the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's television station in Adelaide, South Australia. It began broadcasting on 11 March 1960 from studios in the suburb of Collinswood. The station's transmitter is located at Mount Lofty, and is one of a series of relay transmitters located throughout the state.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'ABS starts with a B.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",ABS starts with a B.,{ entailment } Starts with an A. +"Using the premise: 'Videogames
Jesse loved playing video games. He was better at video games than all of his friends. Sometimes Jesse would brag about his skills to everyone. Jesse's friends did not like hearing him brag. Jesse learned to be more humble after seeing his friends' faces.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Jesse was very prideful at first.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Jesse was very prideful at first.,"{ neutral } bragging shows he was prideful, but then he did learn to be humble." +"Examine the premise: 'When it was first announced there would be another Grinch movie, not many were pleased. After the flop that was the 2000 live-action adaptation, another version of the green Christmas-hating creature was always going to be under heavy scrutiny. The Grinch, voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch, premiers in cinemas on Friday, November 9. Some like to know whether it's worth heading to the cinemas before taking the risk.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'According to them, people disliked the 2000 movie' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","According to them, people disliked the 2000 movie","{ neutral } The speaker mentions that the 2000 movie flopped, and that this movie would be judged in a harsh light this suggests that people hated the live action movie making my statement correct. The model was probably thrown off by the use of the word them instead of the speaker." +" Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that ""there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention"" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes. Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet? ",Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet?, to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools +" In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty. Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler, the Hongwu Emperor sided with the Karmapa of the nearer Kham region and southeastern Tibet, sending envoys out in the winter of 1372–1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court. Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to? ",Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?, Yuan officeholders +" Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry. Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge? ",Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?, Georges Martin +" Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall. How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show? ",How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show?, seven +" The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a ""chevet"". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral. What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as? ",What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?, chevet +" For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the ""Crimsons"", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate should be able to trace noble ancestors back for many generations and own at least 20 villages or estates. He should also hold a major office in the Commonwealth. What is another name for magnates? ",What is another name for magnates?, Crimsons +" Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith, and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille. This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars. Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs. The monastery was at Prouille would later become Dominic's headquarters for his missionary effort there. After two years on the mission field, Prior Diego died while traveling back to Spain. When his preaching companions heard of his death, all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes. Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery? ",Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery? , too poor +"Examine the information in 'Gunby is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated close to the borders with Leicestershire and Rutland, and 9 mi south from Grantham, and 2 mi west from the A1 road. It is in the civil parish of Gunby and Stainby.' Is the statement: 'The A1 road runs 100 miles west-east.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The A1 road runs 100 miles west-east.,"{ contradiction } Nothing is mentioned in the text how long the road is, so it's neither correct/incorrect. It's difficult because the text mentions ""2 mi west"" very closely to the A1 road, so this probably confused the system." +" The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying approximately 20 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. Staring in State Island, in what borough does the Staten Island Ferry's route terminate? ","Staring in State Island, in what borough does the Staten Island Ferry's route terminate?", Manhattan +"Given the premise: 'Colsterworth is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies less than half a mile (0.8 km) west of the A1, about 7 mi south of Grantham, and 12 mi north-west of Stamford. The village, with the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, had a population of 1,713 at the time of the 2011 Census in an area of 1465 ha .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The village, with the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, had a population that was more than 1,730 in 2011.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The village, with the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, had a population that was more than 1,730 in 2011.","{ entailment } The population was 1,713 which is certainly not more than 1,730. It's difficult because the numbers are close together, so this seems to cause trouble for the system when trying to compare the numbers for some reason." +"Consider the premise in: 'I think there is a privilege here, and I think the privilege sometimes gets drawn in what appears to be an ad hoc manner. But my job is to find where to put the line down in this case. To traipse into the area of why they selectively used a quote as opposed to not using other things that were said I think is to get on a very slippery slope. It really almost precipitates a bias line of questioning, and I'm not going to allow it. I am trying to narrowly draw this.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The speaker is against what happened.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The speaker is against what happened.,{ neutral } Reason: The language is strongly negative. Why: There's no mention really of what happened or the speakers views. +"Examine the information in 'Kodomo no Omocha (Japanese: こどものおもちゃ , lit. ""Child's Toy"") , also known as Kodocha for short, is a manga series by Miho Obana. The series was adapted as an OVA by J.C. Staff and released on December 16, 1995 by Shueisha under their Ribon Video label. An anime television series was created by Studio Gallop and NAS and broadcast on TV Tokyo every Friday from April 5, 1996 to March 27, 1998.' Is the statement: 'Kodocha is similar to sudoku.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Kodocha is similar to sudoku.,{ neutral } kodocha is a play and sudoko is a game - this statement is definately incorrect +" Straddling the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Therefore, the Swiss, although predominantly German-speaking, do not form a nation in the sense of a common ethnicity or language; rather, Switzerland's strong sense of identity and community is founded on a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: Schweiz [ˈʃvaɪts] (German);[note 5] Suisse [sɥis(ə)] (French); Svizzera [ˈzvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ] (Romansh).[note 6] Which four main linguistic and cultural regions make up Switzerland? ",Which four main linguistic and cultural regions make up Switzerland?," German, French, Italian and Romansh " +" In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel. What show started out in the city? ",What show started out in the city?, Bandstand +"Based on the details provided in: '""We had to make a decision between making payroll or paying the debt,"" Melton said Monday.""If we are unable to make payroll Oct. 19, we will definitely be able to make it next week Oct. 26 based on the nature of our sales taxes coming in at the end of the month. However we will have payroll the following week again on Nov. 2 and we are not sure we will be able to make that payroll because of the lack of revenue that is coming in.""' , determine if the claim: 'The company will not be able to make payroll on October 19th and will instead dispense it on October 26th' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The company will not be able to make payroll on October 19th and will instead dispense it on October 26th,"{ entailment } It's not definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because the company said ""if"" they can't make it on the 19th they will do it on the 26th, they didn't definitely say they won't make it on the 19th" +" There has been an increasing gulf between the Premier League and the Football League. Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues. Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues, many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League. In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season. Was it unusual for a new team to go back to the Football League after their first season in the Premier League? ",Was it unusual for a new team to go back to the Football League after their first season in the Premier League?," In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. " +" The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of August and first week of September and that the shift in strategy was not decisive. It has also been argued that it was doubtful the Luftwaffe could have won air superiority before the ""weather window"" began to deteriorate in October. It was also possible, if RAF losses became severe, that they could pull out to the north, wait for the German invasion, then redeploy southward again. Other historians argue that the outcome of the air battle was irrelevant; the massive numerical superiority of British naval forces and the inherent weakness of the Kriegsmarine would have made the projected German invasion, Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion), a disaster with or without German air superiority. What month would the weather window begin to decline? ",What month would the weather window begin to decline?, October +" Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized. In neutering, what is removed in a male dog? ","In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?", testicles +"Using the premise: 'Wallace Houston Terry, II (April 21, 1938 – May 29, 2003) was an African-American journalist and oral historian, best known for his book about black soldiers in Vietnam, ""Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War"" (1984), which served as a basis for the 1995 crime thriller ""Dead Presidents"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Wallace Houston Terry Died shortly before the release of the film ""Dead Presidents"", which was based on his book about black soldiers in Vietnam. ' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Wallace Houston Terry Died shortly before the release of the film ""Dead Presidents"", which was based on his book about black soldiers in Vietnam. ","{ neutral } Wallace Houston Terry died in 2003, not before the 1995 movie. I think it was difficult for the system because it couldn't recognize the difference between the dates. " +" Characteristic birds of the forest are wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), common raven (Corvus corax), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), barred owl (Strix varia), screech owl (Megascops asio), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), and northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), as well as a great variety of ""songbirds"" (Passeriformes), like the warblers in particular. What is one typical bird found in the range? ",What is one typical bird found in the range?, wild turkey +"Considering the context: 'Benjamin A. Muncil (28 Aug 1867 – 16 Dec 1930) was an American master builder in the Adirondacks early in the 20th century. He was a major figure in the architectural development of the Adirondack Great Camps; among his many projects was Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, Northbrook Lodge, and White Pine Camp, a summer White House of US President Calvin Coolidge.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Benjamin A. Muncil worked on projects while also working on Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, Northbrook Lodge, and White Pine Camp. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Benjamin A. Muncil worked on projects while also working on Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, Northbrook Lodge, and White Pine Camp. ","{ entailment } The statement mentions the architect working on Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, Northbrook Lodge, and White Pine Camp but doesn't mention that he also had side projects going on. I believe it's possible, that he did have side project, but he also might not have. " +"Using the premise: 'Sept 5 (Reuters) - Florence weakened slightly to a Category 3 hurricane, but should remain powerful for several more days, the U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) said in its latest advisory on Wednesday. The hurricane was located about 1,235 miles (1,990 km) east-southeast of Bermuda, packing maximum sustained winds of 125 miles per hour (205 km/h), the Miami, Florida-based weather forecaster said. Some gradual weakening is forecast during the next 48 hours, with restrengthening possible over the weekend, the NHC said. (Reporting by Nallur Sethuraman in BENGALURU; Editing by Tom Hogue)' , decide if the conclusion: 'The U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) has used the name Florence for a hurricane more than once.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) has used the name Florence for a hurricane more than once.,{ entailment } The text says nothing about Florence being used for a hurricane in the past. The model must be confusing multiple references about the current hurricane. +"From the facts presented in 'A Mother's Rage (also entitled Road Trip) is a 2013 television film directed by Oren Kaplan and starring Lori Loughlin, Kristen Dalton and Ted McGinley. The story starts with Rebecca Mayer and her daughter Conner, who is about to start her first day in college, being chased by a carjacker on the road. After the police are called, the case begins to be investigated by Emily Tobin, a local officer.' , decide if the statement: 'Rebecca Mayer called the police about the carjacker.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Rebecca Mayer called the police about the carjacker.,{ entailment } The story does not mention if Conner or Rebecca was the caller. +" Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. What kind of MP3 file sharing continues on? ",What kind of MP3 file sharing continues on?, Unauthorized +"Given the premise: 'Jana Brejchová (born 20 January 1940) is a Czech film actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1953. She was married to director Miloš Forman and later actor Vlastimil Brodský. Her younger sister, Hana is also an actress who appeared in Miloš Forman films: ""Loves of a Blonde"" and ""Amadeus"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Jana Brejchova' first appeared in films in 1953.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Jana Brejchova' first appeared in films in 1953.,{ neutral } Jana Brejchova' has appeared in at least 50 films. +"Using the premise: 'How to treat syphilis
Recognize the early symptoms of syphilis. If you think you have syphilis, then you will need to seek a diagnosis and medical treatment. Syphilis has multiple stages with different types of symptoms.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The person making the suggestion only suggests two things' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The person making the suggestion only suggests two things,{ neutral } The person making the statements suggests getting a diagnosis and treatment. These two things makes my statement valid. The model probably can only deal with specifics missing the big picture +"From the facts presented in 'Fenella Kernebone is an Australian radio and television presenter, MC and interviewer, based in Sydney, with a long record working across the arts, film, music, design, architecture and culture. Her most recent hosting roles include the presenter of By Design on Radio National and The Sound Lab on Triple J. In June 2016, she was appointed Head of Curation for TEDxSydney.' , decide if the statement: 'Kernebone currently hosts a radio show.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Kernebone currently hosts a radio show.,{ entailment } It is unknown if Kernebone currently hosts a radio show. The system was confused by the wording. +" In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground-support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter-service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns. Who took over for Wever after his death? ",Who took over for Wever after his death?, Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff +"Given the premise: 'NBA 2K9 is a basketball simulation video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports. It is the tenth installment in the ""NBA 2K"" franchise and the successor to ""NBA 2K8"". It was released in 2008 for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. Kevin Garnett is the cover athlete of the game. ""NBA 2K9"" is the predecessor to ""NBA 2K10"" in the ""NBA 2K"" series.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'NBA 2K9 has no N.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",NBA 2K9 has no N.,{ entailment } N in NBA +" Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat, the increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance. Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty? ",Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty?, different +"Given the context: 'Texting
Cindy loved texting more than anything. It seemed like she couldn't go two minutes without texting. One day she was texting while driving. She drove straight into a tree and was killed instantly. Cindy didn't text anymore after that.' , classify the statement: 'Cindy was unable to text after her car accident, she was sadly unable to do it because she has passed away' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Cindy was unable to text after her car accident, she was sadly unable to do it because she has passed away","{ neutral } The text stated that she died in the accident so she was unable to text, so my statement is correct" +"Given the premise: 'Eucommia jeffersonensis is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Eucommiaceae. It is known from a fossil fruit found in latest Eocene deposits of Oregon, United States. ""E. jeffersonensis"" is one of five described fossil species from North America assigned to the modern genus ""Eucommia"". The other species are ""E. constans"", ""E. eocenica"", ""E. montana"", and ""E. rolandii"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Eucommia jeffersonensis can be found outside of the United States.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Eucommia jeffersonensis can be found outside of the United States.,"{ neutral } If Eucommia jeffersonensis is an extinct species, that means it is just there, other wise wouldn't be extinct. " +" The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as ""g"" in Dutch) shifts to a voiced glottal fricative (written as ""h"" in Dutch), while the letter ""h"" in West Flemish becomes mute (just like in French). As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound. This leaves f.e. no difference between ""held"" (hero) and ""geld"" (money). Or in some cases, they are aware of the problem, and hyper-correct the ""h"" into a voiced velar fricative or g-sound, again leaving no difference. If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent ""h,"" they might over-correct into what sound? ","If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent ""h,"" they might over-correct into what sound?", g-sound +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Yomagate was a political scandal that took place in Argentina in 1991, during the government of Carlos Menem. The same name combines the last name of the involved Amira Yoma, and the suffix ""Gate"" of habitual use in journalism after the Watergate scandal (USA., 1972–1974).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Carlos Menem was involved in Yomagate in 1991.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Carlos Menem was involved in Yomagate in 1991.,"{ entailment } Carlos Menem was the governing person during the time of Yomagate. However, the text does not indicate that he was necessarily involved with Yomagate. The AI probably assumed it was correct because the governor was mentioned in the timing in the definition." +" On 24 April 2014, it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014. This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints held that meeting and positively concluded that the healing was indeed a miracle that could be attributed to the late pope. The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval. Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint? ",Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?, Pope Francis +"Using the premise: '""You Make Me Feel So Good"" is the third single released by the American synthpop band Book of Love. The song was included on the band's eponymous debut album ""Book of Love"" in 1986. The song was written by band members Susan Ottaviano and Ted Ottaviano.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The book was released in 1986.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The book was released in 1986.,{ entailment } It was an album. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Idrees Kenyatta Walker (born February 1, 1979) is a former professional American football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. Walker played college football for the University of Florida. A first-round pick in the 2001 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.' , determine if the claim: 'Kenyatta Walker did not play football at Florida State.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kenyatta Walker did not play football at Florida State.,{ contradiction } He player at Florida not Florida State. +" Edward Hallett Carr, a frequent defender of Soviet policy, stated: ""In return for 'non-intervention' Stalin secured a breathing space of immunity from German attack.""[page needed] According to Carr, the ""bastion"" created by means of the Pact, ""was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack.""[page needed] According to Carr, an important advantage was that ""if Soviet Russia had eventually to fight Hitler, the Western Powers would already be involved.""[page needed] However, during the last decades, this view has been disputed. Historian Werner Maser stated that ""the claim that the Soviet Union was at the time threatened by Hitler, as Stalin supposed ... is a legend, to whose creators Stalin himself belonged. In Maser's view, ""neither Germany nor Japan were in a situation [of] invading the USSR even with the least perspective [sic] of success,"" and this could not have been unknown to Stalin. Carr further stated that, for a long time, the primary motive of Stalin's sudden change of course was assumed to be the fear of German aggressive intentions. Edward Carr believes that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else would have been participating? ","Edward Carr believes that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else would have been participating?", the Western Powers would already be involved +"With the given context: 'Pietrusza Wola (Ukrainian: Петруша Воля , ""Petrusha Volia"") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojaszówka, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km north of Wojaszówka, 16 km north of Krosno, and 34 km south-west of the regional capital Rzeszów. Its approximate population is 300.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Pietrusza Wola has a bigger population than the United States.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Pietrusza Wola has a bigger population than the United States.,"{ neutral } Puetrusza Wola has a population of 300, which is much less than that of the United States. " +"Analyze the premise: 'The Southeast Missouri State women's basketball team defeated Murray State 70-58 Monday night at the Show Me Center to improve to 2-1 in the Ohio Valley Conference and 7-8 overall. Senior Guard Bailie Roberts led the way with a career high 22 points for the Redhawks. The SEMO Women have now won two straight games for the first time since 2010. The Redhawks will conclude three-game home stand on Wednesday night at 6:30 against Saint Louis. Copyright 2013 KFVS. All rights reserved.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Bailie Roberts was on the team in 2010' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bailie Roberts was on the team in 2010,{ entailment } The text doesn't specify how long Roberts had been on the SEMO team. +"From the information in: 'The Milwaukee Jewish Film Festival is an annual, publicly-attended film festival hosted by the Jewish Museum Milwaukee and held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The multi-day festival celebrates local, national and international Jewish films and filmmaking. Established in 1999, the film festival is held each year in October at the Jewish Museum Milwaukee's East Side location.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Milwaukee Jewish Film Festival is held on the same day each year.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Milwaukee Jewish Film Festival is held on the same day each year.,"{ contradiction } It is not clear if the event is held on the same day each year, only in October. " +" The Museo Soumaya, named after the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim, has the largest private collection of original Rodin sculptures outside Paris. It also has a large collection of Dalí sculptures, and recently began showing pieces in its masters collection including El Greco, Velázquez, Picasso and Canaletto. The museum inaugurated a new futuristic-design facility in 2011 just north of Polanco, while maintaining a smaller facility in Plaza Loreto in southern Mexico City. The Colección Júmex is a contemporary art museum located on the sprawling grounds of the Jumex juice company in the northern industrial suburb of Ecatepec. It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists. The new Museo Júmex in Nuevo Polanco was slated to open in November 2013. The Museo de San Ildefonso, housed in the Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City's historic downtown district is a 17th-century colonnaded palace housing an art museum that regularly hosts world-class exhibits of Mexican and international art. Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle, Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck. The National Museum of Art (Museo Nacional de Arte) is also located in a former palace in the historic center. It houses a large collection of pieces by all major Mexican artists of the last 400 years and also hosts visiting exhibits. What city houses the only collection of Rodin sculptures that is larger than the one in Mexico City? ",What city houses the only collection of Rodin sculptures that is larger than the one in Mexico City?, Paris +"Using the premise: 'The Girl from Jones Beach is a 1949 American comedy film directed by Peter Godfrey and written by I. A. L. Diamond. The film stars Ronald Reagan, Virginia Mayo, Eddie Bracken, Dona Drake, Henry Travers and Lois Wilson. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 16, 1949.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Reagan was one of six noted stars in the film' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Reagan was one of six noted stars in the film,{ neutral } Ronald Reagan is one of the 6 listed actors in the scenario. The model probably considered that there were more than the 6 listed +"Based on the details provided in: 'John Kerry Davis (born March 14, 1927) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general. Davis, a Vietnam War veteran and naval aviator, served as the Commanding General of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (1977–1978) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1978-1978). His final assignment was as the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1986.' , determine if the claim: 'John Kerry Davis was born before the second decade of the 20th century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",John Kerry Davis was born before the second decade of the 20th century.,{ entailment } John Kerry Davis died in infancy. +" As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The treaty was ratified in 1859. While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. What year was the treaty ratified? ",What year was the treaty ratified?, 1859 +" Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised ""torment for many years"", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a ""schocking [sic] alternative"". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock. Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried? ",Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried?, her mother +"Examine the information in 'Seven Ways from Sundown is a 1960 American Eastmancolor Western film directed by Harry Keller and starring Audie Murphy and Barry Sullivan. It is based on the novel of the same name by Clair Huffaker, who also wrote the script. Young cast member Teddy Rooney is the son of actors Mickey Rooney and Martha Vickers.' Is the statement: 'The film Seven Ways from Sundown was released more than 1212 days ago.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The film Seven Ways from Sundown was released more than 1212 days ago.,{ contradiction } 1212 days is not even 10 years and this was released in 1960. It's difficult because 1212 days is an unusual measurement. +" The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded. The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what? ",The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?, (the telencephalon +"Consider the premise in: 'Cynthia Jane Williams (born August 22, 1947) is an American actress known for starring as Shirley Feeney in the television situation-comedy ""Laverne & Shirley"", for her role as Laurie Henderson in the film ""American Graffiti."", and for playing the mysterious Ann in ""The Conversation.""' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Cynthia Williams decided she would retire after completing her role in American Graffiti.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Cynthia Williams decided she would retire after completing her role in American Graffiti.,"{ contradiction } Based on the information, there is no way to determine when she decided to retire. It's possible she did retire after this role, and it's possible she did not." +"With the given context: 'BRIEF-India cenbank says India's y-o-y money supply growth at 7 pct on May 26 * RBI says India's Y-o-Y Money Supply Growth at 7 percent on May 26 * RBI says reserve money fell 8.5 percent year on year in week to June 2 versus growth 13.5 percent year ago * RBI says currency in circulation fell 13.9 percent y-o-y in week to June 2 versus growth 14.1 percent year ago * RBI says currency in circulation up 71.8 billion rupees to 14.95 trln rupees in week to June 2' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'BRIEF-India cenbank has made more than no statements' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",BRIEF-India cenbank has made more than no statements,"{ contradiction } implied in narrative, system understands when stated in different ways" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Endem TV Tower is a TV tower in Beylikdüzü, Istanbul, Turkey. It was built between 1998 and 2002, and has a now closed revolving restaurant 154 m above ground, as well as an observation deck at 160 m . The total height of the tower si 257 m including the antenna.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Endem TV Tower was being built in 1999' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Endem TV Tower was being built in 1999,"{ contradiction } It is stated that Endem TV Tower was being built between 1998 and 2002 so it was indeed being built during 1999, it may have been difficult for the system because the statement doesn't exactly say 1999, it's just the range in between" +" The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field? ","Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field?", 5 +"From the facts presented in 'Quetta: A City of Forgotten Dreams is an upcoming Pakistani drama film directed by Murtaza Chaudary, written by Faysal Chaudary and co-produced by Faysal Chaudary, Sana Bucha under the Production banner ""Filmsaaz"", ""Sana Bucha Productions"". The film star Asal Din Khan, Abdullah Ghaznavi, Ali Karimi, Fayaz Hussain and Danyal Ali in lead roles.' , decide if the statement: 'Murtaza Chaudary has only produced one film.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Murtaza Chaudary has only produced one film.,"{ contradiction } It's uncertain if Chaudary has produced another film or not, so it could be either one, but uncertain." +" Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults. Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what? ",Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?, risky behavior +"Examine the information in 'How to bed a rifle stock
Order the correct action for your rifle. Contact the manufacturer of your rifle. Work with a company representative to determine the type of action you require.' Is the statement: 'The first thing you must do to bed a rifle stock is order the correct action for your rifle.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The first thing you must do to bed a rifle stock is order the correct action for your rifle.,{ neutral } It is the first thing listed in the instructions for what to do to bed a rifle stock +"From the information in: 'Almost at the same time a pistol-shot , flash and report , came from the hedge side .
And that was plainly the last signal of danger , for the buccaneers turned at once and ran , separating in every direction , one seaward along the cove , one slant across the hill , and so on , so that in half a minute not a sign of them remained but Pew .' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'After the buccaneers ran , there was nothing but silence' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","After the buccaneers ran , there was nothing but silence",{ contradiction } Were the buccaneers being chased ? If so wouldn't the chasers be right behind them or no? +" 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield. What enables scientists to better study plants now? ",What enables scientists to better study plants now?, modern techniques of organic chemical analysis +" The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became ""The East Is Red"", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a ""red sun"". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. In what year was the Community Party of China created? ",In what year was the Community Party of China created?, 1920 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Deanne Olivia Bell is an American television personality currently hosting CNBC's reality docu-series ""Make Me a Millionaire Inventor."" She has previously worked on PBS's ""Design Squad"", Discovery Channel's ""Smash Lab"", and National Geographic's ""The Egyptian Job"". She has also co-hosted DIY Network's ""Money Hunters"" and ESPN's ""Rise Up.""' , determine if the claim: 'Deanne Olivia Bell is her stage name' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Deanne Olivia Bell is her stage name,{ contradiction } not clear is she has a real name +"With the premise: 'Aram is a 2002 French action film. It takes place in France between 1993 and 2001, wherein French-Armenian fighters supply arms to Nagorno-Karabakh and kill a visiting Turkish general. The film was released in 2002 in theatres in France, and made its American debut in 2004 at the Armenian Film Festival in San Francisco.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Armenian Film Festival is not in North America.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Armenian Film Festival is not in North America.,"{ entailment } The text only refers to ""the Armenian Film Festival in San Francisco"", and since SF is in the USA, it is in North America. The algorithm probably assumed it was in Armenia." +" The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian *arya- (meaning ""Aryan,"" i.e., ""of the Iranians""), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ar-yo-, meaning ""skillful assembler."" In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic: Ирон – Iron). What Proto-Indo-European term means ""skillful assembler?"" ","What Proto-Indo-European term means ""skillful assembler?""", *ar-yo- +" The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. He initially characterized some of its biological properties, and attempted to use a crude preparation to treat some infections, but he was unable to pursue its further development without the aid of trained chemists. What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections? ",What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections?, mold +" In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo. Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional. ",Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.," Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival " +"Given the context: 'See This Movie is a 2004 comedy film written by David M. Rosenthal and Joseph Matthew Smith, and directed by Rosenthal. The film stars Seth Meyers and John Cho, and also features Jessica Paré, Jim Piddock, and Jessalyn Gilsig, with cameo appearances by Patton Oswalt, Miguel Arteta, and the film's executive producers Chris Weitz and Paul Weitz.' , classify the statement: 'Patton Oswalt appears on screen less often in See This Movie than Seth Meyers does.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Patton Oswalt appears on screen less often in See This Movie than Seth Meyers does.,{ neutral } Meyers is the star and Oswalt just had a cameo. I don't think the system understands the difference between star and cameo. +"With the given context: 'California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year. He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup. In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'California Chrome won the American Horse of the Year back to back.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",California Chrome won the American Horse of the Year back to back.,{ neutral } The statement clearly says that Chrome won the American Horse of the Year in 2014 and 2016. It is possible the AI missed it because it is not familiar with back to back meaning one year after the other +" Theoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period. Bushido was an ideal, and it remained fairly uniform from the 13th century to the 19th century — the ideals of Bushido transcended social class, time and geographic location of the warrior class. What did Bushido transcend? ",What did Bushido transcend?," social class, time and geographic location " +"Using the premise: 'Butterglory is an American indie rock band from Lawrence, Kansas. Contemporaries of indie rock groups like Pavement and Archers of Loaf, the band helped explore similar musical territories and expand the genre. The band released four albums with Merge Records.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Butterglory released three albums' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Butterglory released three albums,"{ contradiction } It is stated that Butterglory released four albums so because three is less than four, they also released at least three albums. I think this was difficult for the system because it didn't specifically state it. " +" The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what? ","When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what?", dukkha +"Based on the details provided in: 'Live from the Gaiety is a live album by The Dubliners. It was recorded during the Irish leg of their tour celebrating forty years on the road. The double album was recorded at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin in June 2002. All surviving members took part. A companion double DVD of the concert in its entirety was also released.' , determine if the claim: 'The double album was recorded less than 2002 years ago.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The double album was recorded less than 2002 years ago.,{ contradiction } It was recorded in 2002 which is only 17 years ago which is less than 2002 years ago. It's difficult because 2002 is also mentioned in the text. +" Tennis player Marcos Baghdatis was ranked 8th in the world, was a finalist at the Australian Open, and reached the Wimbledon semi-final, all in 2006. High jumper Kyriakos Ioannou achieved a jump of 2.35 m at the 11th IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Osaka, Japan, in 2007, winning the bronze medal. He has been ranked third in the world. In motorsports, Tio Ellinas is a successful race car driver, currently racing in the GP3 Series for Marussia Manor Motorsport. There is also mixed martial artist Costas Philippou, who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship promotion's middleweight division. Costas holds a 6-3 record in UFC bouts, and recently defeated ""The Monsoon"" Lorenz Larkin with a Knockout in the 1st round. Where does Tio Ellinas race? ",Where does Tio Ellinas race?, GP3 Series for Marussia Manor Motorsport +" Externally, towers and spires are characteristic of Gothic churches both great and small, the number and positioning being one of the greatest variables in Gothic architecture. In Italy, the tower, if present, is almost always detached from the building, as at Florence Cathedral, and is often from an earlier structure. In France and Spain, two towers on the front is the norm. In England, Germany and Scandinavia this is often the arrangement, but an English cathedral may also be surmounted by an enormous tower at the crossing. Smaller churches usually have just one tower, but this may also be the case at larger buildings, such as Salisbury Cathedral or Ulm Minster, which has the tallest spire in the world, slightly exceeding that of Lincoln Cathedral, the tallest which was actually completed during the medieval period, at 160 metres (520 ft). How many towers are found at the Salisbury Chapel? ",How many towers are found at the Salisbury Chapel?, just one tower +" Slow progress has led to frustration, expressed by executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria – Mark Dybul: ""we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it."" Several international organizations are pushing for more transparency in treatment, and more countries are implementing mandatory reporting of cases to the government, although adherence is often sketchy. Commercial treatment-providers may at times overprescribe second-line drugs as well as supplementary treatment, promoting demands for further regulations. The government of Brazil provides universal TB-care, which reduces this problem. Conversely, falling rates of TB-infection may not relate to the number of programs directed at reducing infection rates, but may be tied to increased level of education, income and health of the population. Costs of the disease, as calculated by the World Bank in 2009 may exceed 150 billion USD per year in ""high burden"" countries. Lack of progress eradicating the disease may also be due to lack of patient follow-up – as among the 250M rural migrants in China. What country covers treatment for tuberculosis for its citizens? ",What country covers treatment for tuberculosis for its citizens?, Brazil +"Consider the premise in: 'GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. – Babies are amused by all sorts of first time events in their lives, including the self-checkout lane at the grocery store. Heather McClure-Sandifer took her six-month-old daughter DeShya to Family Fare over the weekend, and the girl was just tickled by the beep as every item was checked out. Heather told FOX 17 that by the end a crowd had gathered, listening and laughing with DeShya’s joy.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Babies have usually been alive for at least 4733640 minutes.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Babies have usually been alive for at least 4733640 minutes.,{ entailment } 4733640 adds up to 9 years. A child that old would not be referred to as a baby based on standard measures of maturation. The system probably got confused by the unit of measurement. +"Considering the context: 'William Friedkin (born August 29, 1935) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter best known for directing ""The French Connection"" in 1971 and ""The Exorcist"" in 1973; for the former, he won the Academy Award for Best Director. Some of his other films include ""Sorcerer"", ""Cruising"", ""To Live and Die in L.A."", ""Jade"", ""Rules of Engagement"", ""The Hunted"", ""Bug"", and ""Killer Joe"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'William Friedkin is dead' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",William Friedkin is dead,"{ neutral } Death dates are always mentioned after birth dates for deceased individuals, this is not the case so this person is still living, the system does not assume this" +" The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by about 10°C. In fact, by the middle Cretaceous, equatorial ocean waters (perhaps as warm as 20 °C in the deep ocean) may have been too warm for sea life,[dubious – discuss][citation needed] and land areas near the equator may have been deserts despite their proximity to water. The circulation of oxygen to the deep ocean may also have been disrupted.[dubious – discuss] For this reason, large volumes of organic matter that was unable to decompose accumulated, eventually being deposited as ""black shale"". What is uncertain about the Cretaceous? ",What is uncertain about the Cretaceous?, climate +"With the premise: 'Thirdly, one of the reasons why there's still high cost in medicine is because this is -- they don't use any information technology. It's like if you looked at the -- it's the equivalent of the buggy and horse days, compared to other industries here in America.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'People admire america's heath system' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",People admire america's heath system,{ contradiction } The answer to whether people admire or don't admire the health system in america is one that is not explicitly answered in the passage above. It is possible but it isn't known by this passage. +"Given the context: 'Bucklow Rural District was, from 1894 to 1974, a local government district in the north of the administrative county of Cheshire, England. Following the Local Government Act 1972, this rural district was split between the new Greater Manchester boroughs of Trafford and Manchester, and Macclesfield, which was retained in Cheshire.' , classify the statement: 'The Bucklow rural district was split into different parts befire 1970' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Bucklow rural district was split into different parts befire 1970,{ neutral } The Bucklow Rural district was split in 1972 +"Given the detailed context: 'The 2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (formally known as the 2015 Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Yas Marina Circuit on 29 November 2015. The race was the nineteenth and final round of the 2015 season, and marked the seventh running of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix as a round of the World Championship since its inception in .', judge whether the statement: 'The 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was held on December 1, 2014' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was held on December 1, 2014",{ entailment } We don't really know if the 2014 version was indeed held on that date or any other date. The system doesn't have that information and fails to account for it. +"From the information in: 'Patricia Donoho Hughes (August 18, 1930 – January 20, 2010) was a First Lady of Maryland, married to former Maryland Governor Harry Hughes. She was educated at Sorbonne (1949) and Bryn Mawr College (1951) before getting married on June 30, 1951. She later continued her education at the University of Delaware (1966). Mrs. Hughes was a teacher and educator by profession.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Patricia Donoho Hughes got married after her last year of education.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Patricia Donoho Hughes got married after her last year of education.,{ entailment } Patricia Donoho Hughes got married in 1951 and went back to university in 1966. +" Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties within the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour. These ties led to the prevalence of the feud in aristocratic society, examples of which included those related by Gregory of Tours that took place in Merovingian Gaul. Most feuds seem to have ended quickly with the payment of some sort of compensation. Women took part in aristocratic society mainly in their roles as wives and mothers of men, with the role of mother of a ruler being especially prominent in Merovingian Gaul. In Anglo-Saxon society the lack of many child rulers meant a lesser role for women as queen mothers, but this was compensated for by the increased role played by abbesses of monasteries. Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative. In what country did Gregory of Tours live? ",In what country did Gregory of Tours live?, Merovingian Gaul +"Consider the premise in: 'Two Men And A Truck is a franchised moving company, headquartered in Lansing, Michigan, with franchises in 41 U.S. states, as well as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Ireland. The company is the largest franchised moving company in the United States with more than 410 locations.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Two Men And A Truck is a franchised moving company with 410 locations all over the world.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Two Men And A Truck is a franchised moving company with 410 locations all over the world.,"{ entailment } Based on the information provided, we know that Two Men And A Truck is a franchised moving company with 410 locations in North America and Europe. However, based on that information, the statement that they have locations all over the world is incorrect, because they only have locations in 4 countries in 2 continents. I thought that the system would perceive the statement as correct, because the main part of the statement is correct and worded exactly like in the original text and just the last addition ""all over the world"" makes the statement false." +"With the premise: 'Abesim is a town in Sunyani Municipal District in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Abesim is very close to the regional capital town of the Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani. Abesim is known for the St. James Seminary and Secondary School. It is also known for the Olistar Senior High School. The school is a second cycle institution.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Abesim has two high schools, St. James Seminary and Olistar Senior High School. ' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Abesim has two high schools, St. James Seminary and Olistar Senior High School. ","{ entailment } St. James Seminary is a secondary school, not a high school. " +"Given the detailed context: 'Montana is represented in the US House of Representatives by one at-large congressional district, among the 435 in the U.S. Congress. The district is the largest U.S. congressional district by population, with just over 1 million constituents. It is also the second-largest by land area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district.', judge whether the statement: 'There are 434 at-large congressional districts in the US, besides Montana' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","There are 434 at-large congressional districts in the US, besides Montana","{ contradiction } It has trouble distinguishing ""but"" or ""beside"" statements, because the number itself is not matching the facts" +" No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, there was a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor (""dwelling of Breno""). In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city. What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site? ",What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site?, Roman era +" The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. To whom is the Golden Boot award given to? ",To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?, the top Premier League scorer +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Macquarie University Hospital (abbreviated MUH) is a private teaching hospital. Macquarie University Hospital, together with the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, formerly known as ASAM, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, will integrate the three essential components of an academic health science centre: clinical care, education and research.' , determine if the claim: 'The Macquarie University Hospital have still not integrated the three essential components of an academic health science centre: clinical care, education and research' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Macquarie University Hospital have still not integrated the three essential components of an academic health science centre: clinical care, education and research",{ contradiction } the statement says that the universities are getting together but have not integrated the systems yet +" By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" included forms of ""saltationism"" in which new species were thought to arise through ""jumps"" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views. What was meant by the term saltationism? ",What was meant by the term saltationism?," new species were thought to arise through ""jumps"" rather than gradual adaptation " +" After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back. On the field, an influx of international players, including Ronaldinho, Deco, Henrik Larsson, Ludovic Giuly, Samuel Eto'o, and Rafael Márquez, combined with home grown Spanish players, such as Carles Puyol, Andrés Iniesta, Xavi and Víctor Valdés, led to the club's return to success. Barcelona won La Liga and the Supercopa de España in 2004–05, and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third, respectively, in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards. Under whose direction was there disappointment? ",Under whose direction was there disappointment?, Gaspart +" Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format. Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio? ","Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio?", R&B +" The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation. Who manages the defence estate? ",Who manages the defence estate?, Defence Infrastructure Organisation +"Reflect on the information in: 'Georgia Power social media center to provide quicker customer response Ga. governor: Don't leave kids in hot cars Civil rights pioneer reflects on bus desegregation in Georgia Preventing childhood lead poisoning in Georgia Macon zoning board approves Enterprise plan for new building 3:03' . Does the hypothesis: 'Georgias governors are not appointed' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Georgias governors are not appointed,"{ contradiction } The way the governor is elected was never stated, system assumes so" +"Analyze the premise: 'South Sea Rose is a 1929 American comedy-drama film distributed by the Fox Film Corporation and produced and directed by Allan Dwan. This picture was Dwan's second collaboration with star Lenore Ulric, their first being ""Frozen Justice"". Much of the cast and crew on ""Frozen Justice"" returned for this film.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Lenore Ulric was familiar with most of the cast and crew on South Sea Rose.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lenore Ulric was familiar with most of the cast and crew on South Sea Rose.,"{ neutral } The context states that most of the cast and crew on South Sea Rose had come from Frozen Justice, and that Leonore Ulric had also been on that film. So, she would have known most of the cast and crew." +" In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc. Kota is popularly referred to as, ""coaching capital of India"". Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT. Rajasthan has nine universities and more than 250 colleges, 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools. There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students. Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur,Manipal University Jaipur, OPJS University, Churu, Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh (Women's University, Sikar), RNB Global University, Bikaner. The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) that impart vocational training. How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan? ",How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan?, 41 engineering colleges +" In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Nonetheless, San Diego was rated the fifth-best place to live in the United States in 2006 by Money magazine. In 2000, what was the median salary for females in San Diego? ","In 2000, what was the median salary for females in San Diego?"," $31,076 " +" This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns. When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France? ",When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?, October 1699 +"Given the detailed context: 'Winter Soldier is a 1972 documentary film chronicling the Winter Soldier Investigation which took place in Detroit, Michigan, from January 31 to February 2, 1971. The film documents the accounts of American soldiers who returned from the War in Vietnam, and participated in this war crimes hearing.', judge whether the statement: 'Winter Soldier was filmed in Wisconsin' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Winter Soldier was filmed in Wisconsin,"{ contradiction } The Winter Soldier Investigation took place in Detroit, Michigan but it does not say where it was filmed" +"Given the context: 'Leberecht Maass (or Maaß) (24 November 1863 – 28 August 1914) was the ""Konteradmiral"" who commanded the German naval forces at the first Battle of Heligoland Bight. He lost his life when his flagship, the light cruiser SMS ""Cöln"" , was sunk by British battlecruisers commanded by Vice Admiral David Beatty.' , classify the statement: 'Vice Admiral Beatty killed Maaß in 1914.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Vice Admiral Beatty killed Maaß in 1914.,{ neutral } I think the system didn't associate Maaß with Leberecht Maass. +"Given the detailed context: 'Gymnophiona is the group of amphibians that includes the legless caecilians and all amphibians more closely related to them than to frogs or salamanders (the ""stem-caecilians""). The name derives from the Greek words γυμνος (""gymnos"", naked) and οφις (""ophis"", snake), as the caecilians were originally thought to be related to snakes.', judge whether the statement: 'The Gymnophiona are naked. +' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Gymnophiona are naked. +",{ neutral } Wild animals don't wear clothes. +" On December 3, 2013, Adidas officially confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West. After months of anticipation and rumors, West confirmed the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts with a Twitter announcement directing fans to the domain yeezy.supply. In 2015, West unveiled his Yeezy Season clothing line, premiering Season 1 in collaboration with Adidas early in the year. The release of the Yeezy Boosts and the full Adidas collaboration was showcased in New York City on February 12, 2015, with free streaming to 50 cinemas in 13 countries around the world. An initial release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts was limited to 9000 pairs to be available only in New York City via the Adidas smartphone app; the Adidas Yeezy Boosts were sold out within 10 minutes. The shoes released worldwide on February 28, 2015, were limited to select boutique stores and the Adidas UK stores. He followed with Season 2 later that year at New York Fashion Week. On February 11, West premiered his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden in conjunction with the previewing of his album The Life of Pablo. What album release coincided with Kanye's Yeezy Season 3 clothing line? ",What album release coincided with Kanye's Yeezy Season 3 clothing line?, The Life of Pablo +" Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between ""cellular"" and ""humoral"" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells. Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside? ","Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?", the organism’s “humors” +" In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter. The school delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics. The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope & Stewardson’s original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day. What firm won the Washington University national design contest? ",What firm won the Washington University national design contest?, Cope & Stewardson +"Using the premise: 'Winter sports are in full swing and that means Sports Anchor Scott Fleishman is staying busy. He joined The :30 with a look at some of the top high school and college action in Fleish's finest. Despite December being a month for holidays, there's really never any holidays in the sports department. It was another action packed month. Watch the video for more.' , decide if the conclusion: 'There are less sports casts in December than November.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",There are less sports casts in December than November.,{ contradiction } Reason: There is no actual information on how many sportscasts happen in each month. Why: There is no information in either direction for the AI to go off of. +"Analyze the premise: 'I want to -- obviously in the egregious cases we need to enforce civil rights law, but we need to make sure that internal affairs decisions at the local level do their job and be given a chance to do their job. I believe in local control of governments, and obviously if they don't there needs to be a consequence at the federal level.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'civil rights law need to be enforce intermediately.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",civil rights law need to be enforce intermediately.,"{ contradiction } according to the text, they need to enforce civil rights law, but we don't now if it has to be now. " +"With the premise: 'The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards ceremony, presented by the Lux Style Awards honours the best films of 2012 and took place between October, 12 2013. This year, the city of Pakistan played host to the Pakistani Film Industry.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The 2013 Lux Style awards took lace in the fall.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The 2013 Lux Style awards took lace in the fall.,"{ contradiction } It took place in October, which is in the fall. The system is likely unable to make the inference from October to Fall. " +" The Cubs successfully defended their National League Central title in 2008, going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906–08. The offseason was dominated by three months of unsuccessful trade talks with the Orioles involving 2B Brian Roberts, as well as the signing of Chunichi Dragons star Kosuke Fukudome. The team recorded their 10,000th win in April, while establishing an early division lead. Reed Johnson and Jim Edmonds were added early on and Rich Harden was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July. The Cubs headed into the All-Star break with the N.L.'s best record, and tied the league record with eight representatives to the All-Star game, including catcher Geovany Soto, who was named Rookie of the Year. The Cubs took control of the division by sweeping a four-game series in Milwaukee. On September 14, in a game moved to Miller Park due to Hurricane Ike, Zambrano pitched a no-hitter against the Astros, and six days later the team clinched by beating St. Louis at Wrigley. The club ended the season with a 97–64 record and met Los Angeles in the NLDS. The heavily favored Cubs took an early lead in Game 1, but James Loney's grand slam off Ryan Dempster changed the series' momentum. Chicago committed numerous critical errors and were outscored 20–6 in a Dodger sweep, which provided yet another sudden ending. Who was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July? ",Who was acquired from the Oakland Athletics in early July?, Rich Harden +" Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. ""viene vienes"" (lit. ""come on, come on""), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeleros moving the cars as required), impeding on the available lanes for traffic to pass. In order to mitigate that and other problems and to raise revenue, 721 parking meters (as of October 2013), have been installed in the west-central neighborhoods Lomas de Chapultepec, Condesa, Roma, Polanco and Anzures, in operation from 8 AM to 8 PM on weekdays and charging a rate of 2 pesos per 15 minutes, with offenders' cars booted, costing about 500 pesos to remove. 30 percent of the monthly 16 million-peso (as of October 2013) income from the parking-meter system (named ""ecoParq"") is earmarked for neighborhood improvements. The granting of the license for all zones exclusively to a new company without experience in operating parking meters, Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario, has generated controversy. What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City? ",What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City?, ecoParq +" One example of omnidirectional antennas is the very common vertical antenna or whip antenna consisting of a metal rod (often, but not always, a quarter of a wavelength long). A dipole antenna is similar but consists of two such conductors extending in opposite directions, with a total length that is often, but not always, a half of a wavelength long. Dipoles are typically oriented horizontally in which case they are weakly directional: signals are reasonably well radiated toward or received from all directions with the exception of the direction along the conductor itself; this region is called the antenna blind cone or null. What type of antenna would most likely be a half a wavelength long? ",What type of antenna would most likely be a half a wavelength long?, dipole +" Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles. When did Napoleon III visit London? ",When did Napoleon III visit London?, April 1855 +"Consider the premise in: 'Denis Villeneuve (] ; born October 3, 1967) is a French Canadian film director and writer. He is a four-time recipient of the Canadian Screen Award (formerly Genie Award) for Best Direction, for ""Maelström"" in 2001, ""Polytechnique"" in 2010, ""Incendies"" in 2011, and ""Enemy"" in 2013. The first three films also won the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Motion Picture.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Denis Villeneuve won his third Canadian Screen award for with ""Enemy"" in 2013.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Denis Villeneuve won his third Canadian Screen award for with ""Enemy"" in 2013.","{ entailment } ""Enemy"" in 2013 was Denis Villeneuve's fourth Canadian Screen Award." +"Given the detailed context: 'The El Paso Chihuahuas are a minor league baseball team representing El Paso, Texas, in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). They are the Triple-A affiliate for the San Diego Padres. The team plays its home games at Southwest University Park. The Chihuahuas moved to El Paso from Tucson, Arizona, where it was known as the Tucson Padres.', judge whether the statement: 'The Tucson Padres were in the Pacific Coast League (PCL).' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Tucson Padres were in the Pacific Coast League (PCL).,"{ entailment } We know the El Paso Chihuahuas are in the Pacific Coast League, but we are told nothing about what league they were in when the team was in Tucson as the Padres." +"From the facts presented in '""Can't Help Thinking About Me"" is a song written by David Bowie in 1965 and released as a single under the name David Bowie with The Lower Third. This was the first single released after he changed his name from David (also Davie) Jones to David Bowie.' , decide if the statement: 'David Bowie wrote all of his songs.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",David Bowie wrote all of his songs.,{ contradiction } The text states he wrote a particular song but doesn't state whether he always wrote his songs or he used song writers. +"Based on the details provided in: 'If her reference is to Premier Clark, I assume Premier Clark has by now spoken to his minister of health with whom I spoke yesterday and has been reminded that the British Columbia government was at the table, part of the discussions, part of the agreement, and stands solidly with the rest of the governments of the country behind this agreement.' , determine if the claim: 'They have an agreement with the minister.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They have an agreement with the minister.,{ neutral } They do have an agreement with the minister. +" Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East. Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere? ",Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere?, Europeans +" According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it? Either he can or he can’t. If he can’t, the argument goes, then there is something that he cannot do, namely create the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. If he can, it continues, then there is also something that he cannot do, namely lift the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. Either way, then, God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God, according to many theological models. Such a God, therefore, does not exist. Several answers to this paradox have been proposed. What is the Omnipotence paradox? ",What is the Omnipotence paradox?, can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it +" In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Further extensions were not made owing to the First World War. Two lines opened in 1925 under the Southern Railway serving Coulsdon North and Sutton railway station. The lines were electrified at 6.7 kV 25 Hz. It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929. What voltage was used in the two lines opened in 1925 of Southern Railway? ",What voltage was used in the two lines opened in 1925 of Southern Railway?, 6.7 kV 25 Hz +" By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century. What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth? ",What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?, slave trade +"Analyze the premise: 'The Demand Institute is a non-profit think tank that focuses on understanding how consumer demand is evolving around the world. The Demand Institute was founded in 2012 by Mark Leiter and Jonathan Spector, and is jointly operated by The Conference Board and Nielsen and is headquartered in New York City.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The Demand Institute brought in 100 million in revenue in 2015' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Demand Institute brought in 100 million in revenue in 2015,{ contradiction } It is neither because it tells us nothing about their financials. The system thinks it is incorrect because of the definite number +"Reflect on the information in: '""I guess you have to expect this in a growing community,"" said Mardelle Kean, who lives across the street from John Joseph Famalaro, charged in the death of Denise A. Huber, who was 23 when she disappeared in 1991.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Denise A. Huber disappeared before they found out she was murdered.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Denise A. Huber disappeared before they found out she was murdered.,{ neutral } She had to disappear before she was murdered so that makes it correct. +"Using the premise: 'Topi Raja Sweety Roja is a 1996 Telugu comedy film, produced by Dr. A. Vijayalakshmi on Sri Sai Madhavi Productions banner and directed by Dr. N. Siva Prasad. Starring Rajendra Prasad, Roja in the lead roles and music also composed by ""Hero"" Rajendra Prasad.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Topi Raja Sweety Roja is a comedy film that first aired on december 41, 1996' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Topi Raja Sweety Roja is a comedy film that first aired on december 41, 1996","{ neutral } December does not have 41 days, so my statement cant be correct" +"Based on the details provided in: 'USS ""Elrod"" (FFG-55), an ""Oliver Hazard Perry""-class frigate, is a ship of the United States Navy named after Captain Henry T. Elrod (1905–1941), a Marine aviator who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the defense of Wake Island in World War II.' , determine if the claim: 'Captain Henry died when he was 34 years old.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Captain Henry died when he was 34 years old.,{ neutral } according to the text the Captain was 36 years old when he died. +" The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as ""the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr,"" that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations. What years did Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid reign? ",What years did Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid reign?, 786 to 809 +"With the premise: 'The 1997 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Roda JC and Heerenveen on 8 May 1997 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 1996–97 KNVB Cup competition and the 79th KNVB Cup final. Roda won 4–2 after goals from Gerald Sibon, Ger Senden, Eric van der Luer and Maarten Schops. It was the side's first KNVB Cup trophy.' , decide if the hypothesis: '1997 KNVB Cup Final had a loser- Heerenveen' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",1997 KNVB Cup Final had a loser- Heerenveen,"{ contradiction } it is stated that the score of the 1997 KNVB Cup Final was 4-2 with Roda JC winning, therefore there was a loser" +"Examine the information in 'Howard Sings Ashman is a two-disc album compiled by PS Classics as part of their ""Songwriter Series"". The album features Howard Ashman singing selections from his musicals, including ""God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater"" (1979), ""Little Shop of Horrors"" (1982), ""Smile"" (1986), ""The Little Mermaid"" (1989), ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991) and ""Aladdin"" (1992).' Is the statement: 'Howard Sings Ashman is an album with songs released years apart' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Howard Sings Ashman is an album with songs released years apart,{ contradiction } The songs covered on the album are from different years. This was not said through words in the context. +" The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized. The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from. Work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873. On what geographic feature was KU built? ",On what geographic feature was KU built?, Mount Oread +"Analyze the premise: 'Mr. Speaker, Robert Kennedy once said each time a person stands up for an ideal, strikes out against injustice, they send forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centres of energy, those ripples build a current that can sweep down the mightiest walls of resistance.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Mr. Speaker was Robert Kennedy' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mr. Speaker was Robert Kennedy,{ entailment } The speaker was talking about Robert Kennedy not speaking to him directly +" Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years. When did Montini finally become a cardinal? ",When did Montini finally become a cardinal?, 15 December 1958 +"Given the detailed context: 'White Nights is a 1985 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and choreographed by Twyla Tharp and stars Mikhail Baryshnikov, Gregory Hines, Jerzy Skolimowski, Helen Mirren and Isabella Rossellini. It was shot in Finland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and Austria.', judge whether the statement: 'Twyla Tharp was the leading role in White Nights' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Twyla Tharp was the leading role in White Nights,"{ neutral } Twyla Tharp was the choreographer, but is listed in the same sentence as the other stars. " +" Carnival in the Netherlands is called Carnaval, Vastenavond or Vastelaovend(j), and is most celebrated in traditionally Catholic regions, mainly the southern provinces North Brabant and Limburg. Dutch Carnaval is officially celebrated on the Sunday through Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday. Although traditions vary from town to town, some common characteristics of Dutch Carnaval include a parade, a ""prince"" plus cortège (""Jester/adjutant and Council of 11""), a Peasant Wedding (boerenbruiloft), and eating herring (haring happen) on Ash Wednesday. What is consumed on Ash Wednesday? ",What is consumed on Ash Wednesday?, herring +" East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to Bowery. Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold. Which street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A? ",Which street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A?, East 1st Street +"Given the premise: 'How to create a cat superhighway
Think about what type of highway you want to create. Before you start building your cat superhighway you'll need to do some thinking about it. Without a comprehensive vision, your project may not be a success.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'All highways share the same concept' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",All highways share the same concept,"{ contradiction } The context explains how it is important to think about the type of highway you want to create, but all highways may share the same basic context for their construction. That is not specified by the context, however." +"Considering the context: 'In mathematics, a quadratic algebra is a filtered algebra generated by degree one elements, with defining relations of degree 2. It was pointed out by Yuri Manin that such algebras play an important role in the theory of quantum groups. The most important class of graded quadratic algebras is Koszul algebras.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'It was pointed out by Yuri Manin that quantum algebras play an important role in the theory of quadratic groups.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",It was pointed out by Yuri Manin that quantum algebras play an important role in the theory of quadratic groups.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because he pointed out that quadratic algebras play an important role in the theory of quantum groups, which is not what I wrote. It's difficult because the words look similar and switching them around was enough to confuse the system presumably due to their similarity." +"Analyze the premise: 'Health care activists participate in a rally in front of the Capitol March 22, 2017 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. Senate Democrats held the rally to highlight changes being sought in Medicaid in the Republican American Health Care Act. Alex Wong Getty Images' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The activists wanted Medicaid to go through changes.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The activists wanted Medicaid to go through changes.,"{ entailment } The rally is reported to highlight changes, but does not say if they are supported or not by the activists." +"With the given context: 'System of a Down, sometimes shortened to System and abbreviated as SOAD, is an Armenian-American heavy metal band from Glendale, California, formed in 1994. The band currently consists of Serj Tankian (lead vocals, keyboards), Daron Malakian (vocals, guitar), Shavo Odadjian (bass, backing vocals) and John Dolmayan (drums).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'SOAD formed their band after 1993.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",SOAD formed their band after 1993.,{ contradiction } The formed in 1994 which was after 1993 so it is correct but the system gets confused with the word after. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Ransom is a 1996 American crime thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Richard Price and Alexander Ignon. The film stars Mel Gibson, Rene Russo, Gary Sinise, Brawley Nolte, Delroy Lindo, Liev Schreiber, Evan Handler, Donnie Wahlberg, and Lili Taylor. Gibson was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mel Gibson won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mel Gibson won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.,"{ entailment } It just says he was nominated, it didn't say whether or not he actually won the award. The system probably just assumed he won." +"Given the detailed context: '""No, we don't get any business from beach traffic,"" said Butler, whose Men's Shop is located in a small strip mall behind Krispy Kreme on Palmetto.', judge whether the statement: 'The shop gets a lot of visitors' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The shop gets a lot of visitors,"{ contradiction } It does not say how many visitors the shop gets, making it neither incorrect or correct." +"With the premise: 'Brian Lane Bell (born December 9, 1968) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and occasional lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Weezer, with whom he has recorded ten studio albums. Bell also fronts the rock band The Relationship, and was previously the lead vocalist and guitarist of the indie rock band Space Twins.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Bell was born the year after 1966.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Bell was born the year after 1966.,{ entailment } Bell was born in 1968. The system was confused by the year. +" The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century. The mosaic displays a variety of motifs including sea-creatures, birds, terrestrial beasts, fruits, flowers, trees and abstracts – designed to depict a terrestrial paradise of God’s creation. Superimposed on this scheme are two large tablets, tabulae ansatae, carrying inscriptions. A variety of fish, a crab, a lobster, shrimps, mushrooms, flowers, a stag and two cruciform designs surround the smaller of the two inscriptions, which reads: In fulfilment of the vow (prayer) of those whose names God knows. This anonymous dedicatory inscription is a public demonstration of the benefactors’ humility and an acknowledgement of God’s omniscience. The Vrina Plain basilica is in which city? ",The Vrina Plain basilica is in which city?, Butrint +" Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast of Saba and St Eustatius, and north of St Kitts. Some small satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy including Île Chevreau (Île Bonhomme), Île Frégate, Île Toc Vers, Île Tortue and Gros Îlets (Îlots Syndare). A much bigger islet, Île Fourchue, lies on the north of the island, in the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. Other rocky islets which include Coco, the Roques (or little Turtle rocks), the Goat, and the Sugarloaf. What does ""Roques"" mean in English? ","What does ""Roques"" mean in English?", little Turtle rocks +"Reflect on the information in: 'AutoZone is the second largest retailer of aftermarket automotive parts and accessories in the United States behind Advance Auto Parts. Founded in 1979, AutoZone has over 6,000 stores across the United States, Mexico, and Brazil. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Advanced Auto Parts has a store in Memphis, Tennessee.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Advanced Auto Parts has a store in Memphis, Tennessee.",{ entailment } We presume that the largest auto retailer in the United States would have a store in Memphis. +"Examine the information in '""Riot At Xavier's"" is a four-part storyline that ran from New X-Men #135-138 (2003). It was written by Grant Morrison and features artist Frank Quitely's last work on the title. The story centers on an original character of Morrison's, the teenage mutant Quentin Quire. According to Morrison, the storyline was inspired by a playground riot he witnessed in his youth.' Is the statement: 'The storyline was inspired by a playground.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The storyline was inspired by a playground.,{ entailment } It was inspired by a playground riot. +"Given the detailed context: 'I have reviewed the question as originally submitted on October 28 by the hon. member for Delta-South Richmond and have found that proper procedures were followed and that the recommendations to divide his question were made according to Standing Order 39(2) and based on the precedents of this place.', judge whether the statement: 'The question was based on the precedents' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The question was based on the precedents,{ neutral } It says in the last line that it was based on precedents +"Examine the information in 'Frederick Hale (October 7, 1874September 28, 1963) was the United States Senator from Maine from 1917 to 1941. He was the son of Eugene Hale, the grandson of Zachariah Chandler, both also U.S. Senators. He was the brother of diplomat Chandler Hale, and the cousin of U.S. Representative Robert Hale.' Is the statement: 'Hale was born the year after 1872.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Hale was born the year after 1872.,{ entailment } Hale was born in 1874. The system was confused by the year. +"Considering the context: 'Mary isn't home
One day Jill was headed to Mary's House. They had made plans to go to the Mall. Jill was running a little late to Mary's House. She pulled into mary's driveway. Knocks on the door but no answer!' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Jill an Mary had likely met before' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Jill an Mary had likely met before,"{ neutral } this is implied in narrative, system misses this" +"With the premise: 'In my home province of Prince Edward Island during one year alone there were 6,845 calls received by Transition House Association; 1,201 calls received by the Child Abuse Line; and 757 new cases opened by Victims Services, of which 108 were sexual abuse cases, 242 wife abuse cases, and 46 other family abuse cases.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The police closed all of the cases.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The police closed all of the cases.,{ contradiction } It isn't known how many of the cases were closed. +" In his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies included experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging at specific angles and the amount of pull on each hand was measured, in cases where the feet were also secured or not. In these cases the amount of pull and the corresponding pain was found to be significant. What kind of experiments did Zugibe run? ",What kind of experiments did Zugibe run?, experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging +"Analyze the premise: 'Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó is a football team based in La Vall d'Uixó, in Castellón province, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Spain. Founded in 1975, it plays in Regional Preferente – Group 1. Its stadium is ""José Mangriñán"", which has a capacity of 4,000 seats.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó plays at a stadium that is filled to capacity.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó plays at a stadium that is filled to capacity.,{ contradiction } We cannot tell if it is always filled to capacity or not. This depends on the day. I'm not sure the system could differentiate between that and the 4k capacity. +" The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New Iranian (since 900 CE). Of the Old Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran), Parthian, and Bactrian. What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of? ",What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?, Indo-European language family +"Based on the details provided in: 'Robert L. Hass (born March 1, 1941) is an American poet. He served as Poet Laureate of the United States from 1995 to 1997. He won the 2007 National Book Award and shared the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for the collection ""Time and Materials: Poems 1997-2005."" In 2014 he was awarded the Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets.' , determine if the claim: 'Robert L. Hass has only won 2 awards' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Robert L. Hass has only won 2 awards,{ neutral } He also shared the pultizer prize in 2008 +" Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional. What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska? ",What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?, professional +" + India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing ""personal reasons"", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to ""stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle"" and protest against the PRC ""crackdown"" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the ""Olympic Games do not belong to China"" and confirms taking part in the torch relay ""with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations"". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch. How many bearers of the torch were used in India? ",How many bearers of the torch were used in India?, 70 +" Antennas are characterized by a number of performance measures which a user would be concerned with in selecting or designing an antenna for a particular application. Chief among these relate to the directional characteristics (as depicted in the antenna's radiation pattern) and the resulting gain. Even in omnidirectional (or weakly directional) antennas, the gain can often be increased by concentrating more of its power in the horizontal directions, sacrificing power radiated toward the sky and ground. The antenna's power gain (or simply ""gain"") also takes into account the antenna's efficiency, and is often the primary figure of merit. How could one deide what type of antenna is nedded for a project? ",How could one deide what type of antenna is nedded for a project?, performance measures +" After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken. Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation? ","Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation?"," Egypt, Syria and Sudan " +"Given the premise: 'The Carnival
Every year, a carnival came to town. Kids loved to ride the ferris wheel. Last year, The Scrambler made its debut. A ride always broke before the end of the carnival. All the kids in town looked forward to that week.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'When the carnival come to town, the kids go crazy' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","When the carnival come to town, the kids go crazy",{ entailment } going crazy is subjective +"Considering the context: 'Writing Degree Zero (French: ""Le degré zéro de l'écriture"" ) is a book of literary criticism by Roland Barthes. First published in 1953, it was Barthes' first full-length book and was intended, as Barthes writes in the introduction, as ""no more than an Introduction to what a History of Writing might be.""' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Writing Degree Zero was first published in nineteen hundred fifty two.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Writing Degree Zero was first published in nineteen hundred fifty two.,"{ entailment } It was first published in 1953, not 1952. It's difficult because writing out the year in words easily confuses the system." +"Analyze the premise: 'The Pickles
Ethan had cucumbers growing in his garden. He decided to make pickles with them. He chopped them and soaked them in vinegar. He added a few herbs, too. The pickles were delicious!' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ethan's wife made him make pickles with the cucumbers growing in his garden.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ethan's wife made him make pickles with the cucumbers growing in his garden.,"{ neutral } The statement is incorrect, because based on the information provided Ethan decided on his own to make pickles with the cucumbers. I think the system got confused because of the mentioning of Ethan's wife, who is not mentioned in the scenario." +"Considering the context: 'Oil prices this Tuesday rose sharply in New York and London reaching a record 42,33 US dollars per barrel, 2.45 US dollars more than last Friday.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'One barrel price was 39.88 US dollars last Friday.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",One barrel price was 39.88 US dollars last Friday.,"{ neutral } Oil prices this Tuesday rose sharply in New York and London reaching a record 42,33 US dollars per barrel, 2.45 US dollars more than last Friday. 42,33 - 2.45 = 39.88 US dollar" +" American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner‍—‌the executive producer and production leader‍—‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public. Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol? ",Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?, Simon Fuller +" The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederick Philipse, lord of Philipse Manor. The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek. In 1759, the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a ""free bridge"" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether. Who owned Kingsbridge? ",Who owned Kingsbridge?, Frederick Philipse +" The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and North districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions. How many sub-districts are there? ",How many sub-districts are there?, fifteen +" In the far north, there is a division between Berber-descendent Tuareg nomad populations and the darker-skinned Bella or Tamasheq people, due the historical spread of slavery in the region. An estimated 800,000 people in Mali are descended from slaves. Slavery in Mali has persisted for centuries. The Arabic population kept slaves well into the 20th century, until slavery was suppressed by French authorities around the mid-20th century. There still persist certain hereditary servitude relationships, and according to some estimates, even today approximately 200,000 Malians are still enslaved. The darker skinned Bella people are also refereed to as what name? ",The darker skinned Bella people are also refereed to as what name?, Tamasheq +"Given the detailed context: 'Captain Scarlett is a 1953 American Technicolor Adventure film directed by Thomas Carr, that was shot in Mexico. The film is set in France following the fall of Napoleon I, and stars Richard Greene playing the title role, a Robin Hood type avenger, and Brazilian actress Leonora Amar in her final screen role.', judge whether the statement: 'The film was not about Robin Hood.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The film was not about Robin Hood.,"{ contradiction } The character was similar to Robin Hood, but was not Robin Hood." +" Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge of this was lost during the Ming dynasty, so that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci gained much favour in 1601 by his predictions. By 635 Chinese astronomers had observed that the tails of comets always point away from the sun. What year did Chinese astronomers start to observe comets? ",What year did Chinese astronomers start to observe comets?, 635 +" Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century. The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish Highlands. The upcountry of western North Carolina was settled chiefly by Scots-Irish, English, and German Protestants, the so-called ""cohee"". Arriving during the mid- to late 18th century, the Scots-Irish from what is today Northern Ireland were the largest non-English immigrant group before the Revolution; English indentured servants were overwhelmingly the largest immigrant group before the Revolution. During the American Revolutionary War, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the British Crown, because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh, Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence from Britain. Who did the Tidewater settlers remain loyal to during the American revolution? ",Who did the Tidewater settlers remain loyal to during the American revolution?, the British Crown +"Consider the premise in: 'Albert Levitt (March 14, 1887 – June 18, 1968) was a judge, law professor, attorney, and candidate for political office. While he was a memorable teacher at Washington and Lee University, and as judge of the United States District Court for the Virgin Islands ordered that woman voters must be registered, he later came to hold what some thought were eccentric views on religion.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Albert Levitt was a hardworking, law minded individual who held several positions in the legal field during his life, (which ended in the summer of 1978) , as a professor of law, an attorney, and judge, and even making a run at political offices.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Albert Levitt was a hardworking, law minded individual who held several positions in the legal field during his life, (which ended in the summer of 1978) , as a professor of law, an attorney, and judge, and even making a run at political offices.","{ contradiction } Both true and false as all that is initially stated is correct, except for the part with him being deadin 1978 (it was 1968 actually)" +" High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges. What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by? ",What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?, colleges +" Research in the field of nutrition has greatly contributed in finding out the essential facts about how environmental depletion can lead to crucial nutrition-related health problems like contamination, spread of contagious diseases, malnutrition, etc. Moreover, environmental contamination due to discharge of agricultural as well as industrial chemicals like organocholrines, heavy metal, and radionucleotides may adversely affect the human and the ecosystem as a whole. As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health. This could directly or indirectly cause drastic changes in their diet habits. Hence, food-based remedial as well as preventive strategies are essential to address global issues like hunger and malnutrition and to enable the susceptible people to adapt themselves to all these environmental as well as socio-economic alterations. What can environmental depletion lead to? ",What can environmental depletion lead to?, crucial nutrition-related health problems +"With the premise: 'Call Northside 777 is a 1948 reality-based film noir directed by Henry Hathaway and starring James Stewart. The picture parallels a true story of a Chicago reporter who proved that a man in prison for murder was wrongly convicted 11 years before. The names of the real wrongly convicted men were Majczek and Marcinkiewicz for the murder of Chicago Traffic Police Officer William D. Lundy.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Call Northside 777 is a film about a case that took place in 1937' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Call Northside 777 is a film about a case that took place in 1937,{ contradiction } The picture parallels a true story of a Chicago reporter who proved that a man in prison for murder was wrongly convicted 11 years before and the story came out in 1948 which means that the case happened in 1937 +" During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chromatid. This has no effect if the alleles on the chromatids are the same, but results in reassortment of otherwise linked alleles if they are different.:5.5 The Mendelian principle of independent assortment asserts that each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes; which allele an organism inherits for one trait is unrelated to which allele it inherits for another trait. This is in fact only true for genes that do not reside on the same chromosome, or are located very far from one another on the same chromosome. The closer two genes lie on the same chromosome, the more closely they will be associated in gametes and the more often they will appear together; genes that are very close are essentially never separated because it is extremely unlikely that a crossover point will occur between them. This is known as genetic linkage. In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur? ","In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur?", a crossover point +" The traditional New York area accent is characterized as non-rhotic, so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant; hence the pronunciation of the city name as ""New Yawk."" There is no [ɹ] in words like park [pɑək] or [pɒək] (with vowel backed and diphthongized due to the low-back chain shift), butter [bʌɾə], or here [hiə]. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the [ɔ] vowel sound of words like talk, law, cross, chocolate, and coffee and the often homophonous [ɔr] in core and more are tensed and usually raised more than in General American. In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like ""girl"" and of words like ""oil"" became a diphthong [ɜɪ]. This would often be misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced ""goil"" and oil is pronounced ""erl""; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like ""Joizey"" (Jersey), ""Toidy-Toid Street"" (33rd St.) and ""terlet"" (toilet). The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence. What is the transliteration of the way in which New Yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city? ",What is the transliteration of the way in which New Yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city?, New Yawk +"Considering the context: 'Space Cowboys is a 2000 American space drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood. It stars Eastwood, Tommy Lee Jones, Donald Sutherland, and James Garner as four older ""ex-test pilots"" who are sent into space to repair an old Soviet satellite.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Space Cowboys was in theaters in 2000' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Space Cowboys was in theaters in 2000,{ entailment } It did not mention if it was released in theaters or not +"Based on the details provided in: 'As the terms denoting this allowance vary, it may sometimes remain unclear whether fathers have any entitlements at all, and if so, to what exactly they are entitled.' , determine if the claim: 'It may sometimes remain clear that fathers have many entitlements.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It may sometimes remain clear that fathers have many entitlements.,"{ neutral } The original text says, ""it may sometimes remain unclear whether fathers have any entitlements at all"" so it cannot also remain clear that fathers have many entitlements." +"Given the premise: 'A Red Bull and a Colonel on a horse will come , but first , my father said , will come the two men making ready the ground for these matters .
That is how my father said they always did ; and it is always so when men work magic . '
If the woman had sent Kim up to the local Jadoo-Gher with those papers , he would , of course , have been taken over by the Provincial Lodge , and sent to the Masonic Orphanage in the Hills ; but what she had heard of magic she distrusted .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'It is important to prepare the ground before the Red Bull and Colonel arrive.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",It is important to prepare the ground before the Red Bull and Colonel arrive.,"{ entailment } The text references two people preparing the ground for the Red Bull and Colonel, but the usage of the word ""important"" is relative. Some might find it important while others do not. The system was likely confused by the relativity of the word." +" Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia. After 1959 a group of Tibetan Muslims made a case for Indian nationality based on their historic roots to Kashmir and the Indian government declared all Tibetan Muslims Indian citizens later on that year. Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui, Salar, Dongxiang and Bonan. There is also a well established Chinese Muslim community (gya kachee), which traces its ancestry back to the Hui ethnic group of China. In what year were all Tibetan Muslims declared Indiana citizens? ",In what year were all Tibetan Muslims declared Indiana citizens?, 1959 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Nichols was found guilty May 26 of 161 counts of first-degree murder for 160 victims and an unborn child in a state trial.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Nichols poisoned the water system in a small town' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Nichols poisoned the water system in a small town,"{ contradiction } The context only mentioned that was guilty of murder, it never mentioned how he did it and therefore it is not known. " +" At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for ""Drunk in Love"", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In August, the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine was unveiled online, Beyoncé as the cover star, becoming the first African-American artist and third African-American woman in general to cover the September issue. She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month. Beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track ""Hymn for the Weekend"" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), which saw release in December. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi announced Beyoncé would perform alongside Coldplay at Super Bowl 50 in February. Knowles has previously performed at four Super Bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th Super Bowl halftime show in 2013. On what magazine was she the cover model? ",On what magazine was she the cover model?, Vogue +"Reflect on the information in: 'Irma Pezzia Haubold (November 20, 1908 – April 4, 1996) was an American artistic gymnast. She competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and placed fifth with the team. She was married to a fellow Olympic gymnast Frank Haubold. They were the first married couple of compete in the same Olympics.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Irma Pezzia Haubold died 60 years after she competed in the summer Olympics' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Irma Pezzia Haubold died 60 years after she competed in the summer Olympics,{ neutral } She died in 1996 and competed in the 1936 Olympics. This is 60 years. I think it was difficult because it included math not provided in the context. +" Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of passage of a bill by the Cortes Generales, the sovereign shall give his or her assent and publish the new law. Article 92 invests the monarch with the right to call for a referendum, on the advice of the president of the government (commonly referred to in English as the prime minister) and the authorisation of the cortes. In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed? ","In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed?"," Title III, The Cortes Generales " +" Furthermore, the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure activities varies greatly by culture as a result of cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors. American teenagers spend less time in school or working and more time on leisure activities—which include playing sports, socializing, and caring for their appearance—than do adolescents in many other countries. These differences may be influenced by cultural values of education and the amount of responsibility adolescents are expected to assume in their family or community. Do American teenagers spend more or less time in shool than adolescents in other countires? ",Do American teenagers spend more or less time in shool than adolescents in other countires?, less +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Enrolled Missouri Militia was a state militia organization of Missouri in 1862 during the American Civil War. It was a part-time force whose primary purpose was to serve as garrison and infrastructure guards, both to augment the Unionist Missouri State Militia in defense versus raids and to free the Missouri State Militia for offensive operations versus Confederate guerrillas and recruiters.' , determine if the claim: 'The Enrolled Missouri Militia was made in an odd year.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Enrolled Missouri Militia was made in an odd year.,{ entailment } It was formed in an even year. +" Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, alcohol is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated. Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food? ","Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food?", blood +" People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity. What survey results complement on data on health status? ",What survey results complement on data on health status?, self-reporting at the household level +" + Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to ""security worries"", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium. Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium? ","Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium?", journalists +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to remove ink stains from polyester
Blot the ink away. If you catch a stain when it happens, you may be able to simply blot it out. This can help remove the stain before it becomes too much of a problem.' , determine if the claim: 'Ink stains can't be fully removed.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ink stains can't be fully removed.,{ contradiction } No where does it state in the text that ink stains can be fully removed. I think the machine got it wrong because it doesn't realize that there are varying degrees of taking care of a stain. +"With the given context: 'LKF Cup was an annual basketball competition for Lithuanian basketball teams. It is organised by Lithuanian Basketball Federation (Lietuvos Krepšinio Federacija - LKF). Before 2007 LKF cup wasn't ran regularly, but since then its finals are organisised every January, February or March.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'A Lithuanian basketball team has won the LKF Cup every year.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",A Lithuanian basketball team has won the LKF Cup every year.,"{ neutral } It is a competition for Lithuanian teams, so it had to be won by a Lithuanian team." +" In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not. Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure). What was the main component of Japanese sailor's diet? ",What was the main component of Japanese sailor's diet?, white rice +" Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial. With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift? ",With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?, Stalin +" In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' failure. Sometimes, typically in countries with less of an established democratic tradition, it is possible the dominant party will remain in power by using patronage and sometimes by voting fraud. In the latter case, the definition between dominant and one-party system becomes rather blurred. Examples of dominant party systems include the People's Action Party in Singapore, the African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia, the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, and the National Liberation Front in Algeria. One-party dominant system also existed in Mexico with the Institutional Revolutionary Party until the 1990s, in the southern United States with the Democratic Party from the late 19th century until the 1970s, in Indonesia with the Golkar from the early 1970s until 1998. What are some examples of dominant party systems? ",What are some examples of dominant party systems?," African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia " +"Given the premise: 'Ezra Klein (born May 9, 1984) is an American journalist, blogger, and political commentator who currently serves as editor-at-large of ""Vox"". He was previously a blogger and columnist for ""The Washington Post"" and an associate editor of ""The American Prospect"". He has served as a contributor to Bloomberg News and MSNBC.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ezra Klein was born in the 1900's' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Ezra Klein was born in the 1900's,"{ contradiction } It states ""Ezra Klein (born May 9, 1984)"" therefore he was born in the 1900's." +"With the given context: 'Domestically, he has played for Khan Research Laboratories, Lahore, Lahore Eagles, Lahore Lions, Lahore Qalandars, Pakistan A and Huntly (Scotland) during his career. He was the captain of Lahore Qalandars in the first edition of the Pakistan Super League.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'He currently resides in Scotland.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",He currently resides in Scotland.,"{ contradiction } The context mentions that he played on a Scottish team, so it is possible that he live(s/d) in Scotland. Further, the context contains no present-tense information so there is no was to know for sure that he lives in Scotland. I think the AI was fooled because the context is very cryptic to begin with and it is only parenthetically mentioned that one of the several teams he has played for is based in Scotland. Further, he has also played in a Pakistani league, further obfuscating where he could live. " +"From the information in: 'The 1948 SMU Mustangs football team represented the SMU Mustangs of Southern Methodist University during the 1948 college football season. Doak Walker was a junior when he won the Heisman Trophy. Doak established several other Southwest Conference records that still stand.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'SMU stand for Souther Methodist University' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",SMU stand for Souther Methodist University,"{ neutral } SMU is the abbreviation of Southern Methodist University, hence SMU stands for Southern Methodist University" +" Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh (""Awakening""), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy ""Şair Evlenmesi"" (""The Poet's Marriage""). An earlier play, a farce entitled ""Vakâyi'-i 'Acibe ve Havâdis-i Garibe-yi Kefşger Ahmed"" (""The Strange Events and Bizarre Occurrences of the Cobbler Ahmed""), dates from the beginning of the 19th century, but there remains some doubt about its authenticity. In a similar vein, the novelist Ahmed Midhat Efendi wrote important novels in each of the major movements: Romanticism (Hasan Mellâh yâhud Sırr İçinde Esrâr, 1873; ""Hasan the Sailor, or The Mystery Within the Mystery""), Realism (Henüz On Yedi Yaşında, 1881; ""Just Seventeen Years Old""), and Naturalism (Müşâhedât, 1891; ""Observations""). This diversity was, in part, due to the Tanzimat writers' wish to disseminate as much of the new literature as possible, in the hopes that it would contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structures. What did writers of the Tanzimat period hope to accomplish with their publications? ",What did writers of the Tanzimat period hope to accomplish with their publications?, contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structures +" The term ""classical music"" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning. The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era? ",The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?, the Medieval era +" There have been instances where a country's government bans a movie, resulting in the spread of copied videos and DVDs. Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania. According to the article, she dubbed more than 3,000 movies and became the country's second-most famous voice after Ceauşescu, even though no one knew her name until many years later. What did a visitor give to Nistor? ",What did a visitor give to Nistor?, bootlegged copies of American movies +"Consider the premise in: 'Him & Her is a British television sitcom about a lazy twenty-something couple: Steve and Becky, who live in Walthamstow, London. It was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Three on 6 September 2010. It is written by Stefan Golaszewski and stars Russell Tovey and Sarah Solemani. The theme tune is the song ""Boom Bang-a-Bang"" by Lulu.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Him & Her first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Three less than 3000 years ago.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Him & Her first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Three less than 3000 years ago.,"{ contradiction } It was first broadcast 9 years ago, and 9 years ago is definitely less than 3000 years ago. It's difficult because the system seems to get confused easily by large numbers like this and these types of questions." +"Examine the premise: 'Parking Spot
I went to a city. I thought I had found a good parking spot for my scooter. I did not want to have to pay for a spot. I had it on a sidewalk by a bus station. I was told I could not park there.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'They never had a problem parking here before' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",They never had a problem parking here before,"{ contradiction } He says he thought he found a good parking spot, but was told he couldn't park there, It doesn't say either way if he has tried to park there before. So I said he never had a problem parking there before, since we don't know for sure if it was his first time parking there." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Dancing With the Stars season 24 is almost over. After a heated season with many twists and turns (including Simone Biles's shocking elimination last week), the show revealed which contestants will be competing in the finale. See the full cast below, and be sure to check back for the final results.' , determine if the claim: 'Simone Biles is an actress.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Simone Biles is an actress.,"{ contradiction } Although we know she is a gymnast in real life, nothing in the context gives any information as to what she does for a living. It only mentions that she appeared on a television show, and was eliminated. I guess it's difficult because the system thinks that she is a dancer perhaps because she was on the show." +"From the facts presented in 'Stand-In is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Tay Garnett and starring Leslie Howard, Joan Blondell, and Humphrey Bogart. The picture was produced by the independent Walter Wanger, and released by United Artists. It is set in Hollywood and parodies many aspects of the film industry during the Classical Era.' , decide if the statement: 'Tay Garnett was born in nineteen hundred six.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Tay Garnett was born in nineteen hundred six.,{ entailment } His birth date is never mentioned in the text. It's difficult because I wrote out the year in words and a different year is mentioned in the text. +" The Romantic Movement of the early 19th century reshaped science by opening up new pursuits unexpected in the classical approaches of the Enlightenment. Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry). The decline of Romanticism occurred because a new movement, Positivism, began to take hold of the ideals of the intellectuals after 1840 and lasted until about 1880. What year did Positivism end? ",What year did Positivism end?, 1880 +" Title VII was perhaps the most controversial of the entire bill. Many conservatives accused it of advocating a de facto quota system, and claimed unconstitutionality as it attempts to regulate the workplace. Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey corrected this notion: ""there is nothing in [Title VII] that will give power to the Commission to require hiring, firing, and promotion to meet a racial 'quota.' [. . .] Title VII is designed to encourage the hiring on basis of ability and qualifications, not race or religion."" Title VII prohibits discrimination. Humphrey was the silent hero of the bill's passing through Congress. He pledged that the bill required no quotas, just nondiscrimination. Doing so, he convinced many pro-business Republicans, including Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen (IL) to support Title VII.:78–80 Which section of the legislation was considered the most controversial? ",Which section of the legislation was considered the most controversial?, Title VII +" A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. What is an NPO also known as? ",What is an NPO also known as?, non-business entity +"Consider the premise in: 'Waste in the ponds produced by leaching gold from ore is a source of potential environmental dangers.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Gold is an ore.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Gold is an ore.,"{ entailment } The context holds that Gold is leached from the ore. We are to assume that we can only use information and knowledge presented by the context. The context given does not state that Gold is an ore, nor does it state that it is not an ore. Therefore the statement ""Gold is an ore."" can neither be definitely correct nor definitely incorrect when in connection with the information only found in this context." +"With the given context: 'The Pulitzer Prize for Photography was one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It was inaugurated in 1942 and replaced by two photojournalism prizes in 1968: the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography and ""Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography"". The latter was renamed for Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography in 2000.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Pulitzer Prize for Photography is one of 20 different Pulitzer prizes.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Pulitzer Prize for Photography is one of 20 different Pulitzer prizes.,"{ contradiction } According to the above, we do not know how many Pulitzer prizes there are in total. The system must have some quantitative measurement that disagrees with this." +" Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253. Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs. Kublai also made Drogön Chögyal Phagpa the director of the government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs and the ruling priest-king of Tibet, which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies. With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? ",With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? , the Phagpa lama +"Analyze the premise: 'Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1968.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Lars Onsager won the Nobel prize when he was 30 years old' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lars Onsager won the Nobel prize when he was 30 years old,{ neutral } Lars Onsager won the Nobel Prize in 1968 and he was born on 1903. He was about 65 years old +"Given the premise: 'Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court: The questions today, especially the initial questions, suggest one of the many insurmountable obstacles to petitioners' petition in, position in this case. That is that the first Congress explicitly gave copyright protection to the authors of any books already printed as well as explicitly the owners of existing copyrights.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The court session is to discuss issues other than copyright' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The court session is to discuss issues other than copyright,"{ neutral } The context makes is clear that the session is to discuss issues related to copyright, so it is incorrect to say that they are there to discuss other things. The system probably did not understand this" +" Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Windows 95. As part of its campaign, Microsoft set up 34 pop-up stores inside malls (primarily focusing on Surface), provided training for retail employees in partnership with Intel, and collaborated with the electronics store chain Best Buy to design expanded spaces to showcase devices. In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more ""personal"", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as ""Allison Brown"", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices. How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 8? ",How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 8?, $1.5–1.8 billion +"Given the premise: 'Thanks to the thirty Heads who responded to my question about maternity leave. Clearly, the amount of maternity leave offered to teachers at international schools varies greatly from school to school.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The number of Heads that responded to the question was thirty nine minus ten.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The number of Heads that responded to the question was thirty nine minus ten.,"{ entailment } The number of heads that responded to the question was thirty, thirty nine minus ten makes it twenty nine heads, making the statement definitely incorrect. It seems that the system has some problem with math." +"From the information in: 'How to make boneless buffalo wings
Put about 1½ pints of water in a 6-quart saucepan over high heat, cover and boil. Cut off the thin tips of the wings and discard or throw into the freezer for your stock. Using kitchen shears, or a knife, separate the wings at the joint.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'cutt off tips of wings and throw the water into the freezer' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",cutt off tips of wings and throw the water into the freezer,{ neutral } you throw the wings into the freezer +"Using the premise: 'Nicholas Sposato serves on Chicago City Council as alderman of the 38th Ward of the City of Chicago on the city's Northwest Side. Sposato was elected in 2011 in an election against incumbent alderman John Rice, who was endorsed by then Mayor-elect Rahm Emanuel.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Rahm Emanuel once served on Chicago City Council.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Rahm Emanuel once served on Chicago City Council.,{ contradiction } We can't exactly tell if Rahm Emanuel served on Chicago City Council. The system is not programmed to know this. +"Examine the information in 'Amdoxovir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) undergoing research for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It was discovered by Raymond F. Schinazi (Emory University) and C.K. Chu (University of Georgia). It is being developed by RFS Pharma. Currently, it is in Phase II clinical studies.' Is the statement: 'Amdoxovir is a potent antibiotic' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Amdoxovir is a potent antibiotic,{ contradiction } Amdoxovir is used for a wide variety of viral conditions +"Given the detailed context: 'Jack Tate is a Republican legislator in the U.S. State of Colorado. He represents Senate District 27 in the Denver Metro Area, which encompasses parts of unincorporated Arapahoe County, the City of Centennial, and the town of Foxfield. He serves on the Senate Local Government, the Senate Business, Labor & Technology, and Joint Technology committees.', judge whether the statement: 'There is more than twenty senate districts.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There is more than twenty senate districts.,{ neutral } Senate district 27 is in Denver meaning there must be more than 20. The system was confused by the wording. +" It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region. Who restored Persian control of the region? ",Who restored Persian control of the region?," The Samanid Empire, " +" In August 2012, the AFL announced a new project into China, known as the China American Football League. The CAFL project is headed up by ESPN NFL analyst and Philadelphia Soul majority owner president Ron Jaworski. The plans were to establish a six-team league that would play a 10-week schedule that was slated to start in October 2014. The AFL coaches and trainers will travel to China to help teach the rules of the sport to squads made up of Chinese and American players with the goal of starting an official Chinese arena league. Ganlan Media International were given exclusive rights to the new Chinese league. What team is Ron Jaworski the majority owner of? ",What team is Ron Jaworski the majority owner of?, Philadelphia Soul +" The county was subject to significant boundary reform in 1974 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same[clarification needed] with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside. What is to the north of Lancashire today? ",What is to the north of Lancashire today?, Cumbria +" Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311–1320). Rossabi writes that Kublai recognized that in order to rule China, ""he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials, yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols."" And ""in governing China, he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects, but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement. His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign,"" according to Rossabi. Van Praag writes in The Status of Tibet that the Tibetans and Mongols, on the other hand, upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers, or chakravartin. Van Praag writes that ""Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire and was never fully integrated into it,"" citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan. When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign? ",When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?, 1311–1320 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Dance
Janet was concerned about her upcoming prom. Her prom was on Friday. She came to school Wednesday concerned about not having a date. Fortunately Ben also did not have a date. So Ben asked Janet to prom and both of their problems were solved.' . Does the hypothesis: 'She came to school Wednesday concerned about going to prom alone.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",She came to school Wednesday concerned about going to prom alone.,{ contradiction } If she is going to prom alone then she doesn't have a date. I don't think the system knows it is the same thing. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The term cur refers to the lowest class of nameless dog or Pariah Dog, generally a mixed-breed dog. Originally the word ""cur"" referred to a certain English purpose-bred, short-tailed cattle driving dog known only from historical records, the cur dog, but in modern usage it applies to any mixed-breed.' . Does the hypothesis: 'cur is a term that is of english origin' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",cur is a term that is of english origin,{ contradiction } It says it is a certain english purpose-bred dog so the term is of english origin +" In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act. Is the RICO Act still used today? ",Is the RICO Act still used today?, The RICO Act is still used +"Reflect on the information in: 'Marcel Seip (] ; born 5 April 1982) is a Dutch former professional footballer who plays as a centre back for ACV in the Dutch Hoofdklasse. He previously played for Veendam, Heerenveen, Plymouth Argyle, Blackpool, Sheffield United, Charlton Athletic, Bradford City, VVV Venlo, Central Coast Mariners and FC Emmen.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Marcel Seip is over 30' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Marcel Seip is over 30,{ contradiction } born in 82 +" In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade long deflationary depression in Britain dating from Churchill's decision in 1925 to return Britain to the gold standard at the old pre-war, pre-inflationary par was the public policy backdrop for Hayek's single public engagement with Keynes over British monetary and fiscal policy, otherwise Hayek and Keynes agreed on many theoretical matters, and their economic disagreements were fundamentally theoretical, having to do almost exclusively with the relation of the economics of extending the length of production to the economics of labour inputs. What other notable figure signed the letter in which Hayek made his statement regarding private investment? ",What other notable figure signed the letter in which Hayek made his statement regarding private investment?, Lionel Robbins +" When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the host, the device drivers needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices. What happens whenever a USB host is restarted? ",What happens whenever a USB host is restarted?, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices. +"With the given context: 'The site of a former distillery in Three Mills became a dedicated centre for film and television production with the establishment in the 1980s of Bow Studios, Three Mills Island Studios, and Edwin Shirley Productions. In the mid-1990s the three studios merged to become 3 Mills Studios, under the management of Workspace Group.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The three studios were independent and did not merge until mid-1990s' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The three studios were independent and did not merge until mid-1990s,"{ contradiction } The studios merged to become 3 Mills Studios, under the management of Workspace Group." +" Semantic-phonetic compounds or pictophonetic compounds are by far the most numerous characters. These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the phonetic indicator) whose pronunciation suggests the pronunciation of the compound character. In most cases the semantic indicator is also the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries. What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries? ",What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries?, semantic indicator +" International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that ""the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,"" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was ""proud"" of his country's role in overthrowing ""this brutal dictator"". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would ""enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations"", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as ""a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr."" Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during ""the darkest moments of our struggle"". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was ""a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa."" The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was ""martyr or villain."" Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid? ",Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?, Nelson Mandela +"Given the context: 'Annie Gariepy (born May 12, 1975 in Bromont, Québec) is a female member of the Canadian cycling team and has cycled for the American team auto trader. Gariepy was the only Canadian on the team with her team mates included Sarah Ulmer, Susie Pryde, Kim Smith and WFP Shuster. she left Team Autotrader at the beginning of 2002 when she passed over to team trek more.' , classify the statement: 'Kim Smith left Team Autotrader in 2002.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Kim Smith left Team Autotrader in 2002.,{ entailment } We don't know if Kim left or not in 2002. The system wouldn't know because it's not known. +"Reflect on the information in: 'While preliminary work goes on at the Geneva headquarters of the WTO, with members providing input, key decisions are taken at the ministerial meetings.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Ministerial meetings are held few miles away from Geneva headquarters.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Ministerial meetings are held few miles away from Geneva headquarters.,{ contradiction } It's unclear from the context whether minestrial meeting happens inside the headquarter or somewhere else. System thinks it happens inside the headquarter so it marked it incorrect. +"From the information in: 'Battle back
Sally had been sick for many weeks. She was feeling better. Her and a friend decided to go for a walk. It was great for Sally to get some fresh air. She felt much better after getting out of the house.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Sally's friend helped her with her groceries.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sally's friend helped her with her groceries.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if she did anything for Sally. +"From the facts presented in 'Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( , ; born May 13, 1964) is an American comedian, television host, actor, and writer. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program ""The Colbert Report"" from 2005 to 2014, and hosting the CBS talk program ""The Late Show with Stephen Colbert"" beginning in September 2015.' , decide if the statement: 'Stephen Tyrone Colbert hosted ""The Colbert Report"" for over a decade. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Stephen Tyrone Colbert hosted ""The Colbert Report"" for over a decade. ",{ entailment } I think the statement is incorrect because the context said that he hosted from 2005 to 2014 which is nine years. I think the system found it difficult because the context proceeded to say that he hosted the Late Show starting in September 2015. It was unclear what happened between 2014 and September 2015 which would have accounted for the difficulty. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of Bathery is an eparchy of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church in Sulthan Bathery, in Kerala, India. s of 2013 Aboon Joseph Mar Thomas was the bishop. The seat of the eparchy is at St. Thomas Syro-Malankara Catholic Cathedral in Sulthan Bathery.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Thomas was a bishop before 2013.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Thomas was a bishop before 2013.,"{ entailment } ""s of 2013 Aboon Joseph Mar Thomas was the bishop"" he has been the bishop of this eparchy, but he may have been a bishop elsewhere before this." +"From the facts presented in 'Bernard Taylor, CBE (born 1934 in Wiltshire, England) is a British author of horror, suspense and romantic fiction and of true-crime non-fiction. He has written several plays for the theatre, and has also written for television and radio. He has more recently written novels under the pseudonym Jess Foley.' , decide if the statement: 'Bernard Taylor starts with an A.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Bernard Taylor starts with an A.,{ entailment } starts with a b +"Given the premise: 'How to file a complaint against a realtor in florida
Gather evidence that supports your complaint against the agent. The more documentation of misconduct or ineffectiveness you can provide, the more likely your complaint will be taken seriously. [substeps] Include copies of any supporting paperwork with your complaint.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'You can file a complaint against a realtor in Florida with or without evidence, but if you want your complaint to be taken seriously, it's better to present evidence.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","You can file a complaint against a realtor in Florida with or without evidence, but if you want your complaint to be taken seriously, it's better to present evidence.","{ neutral } Based on the text, when filing a complaint against a realtor in Florida, the more evidence you present, the more likely your complaint will be taken seriously, which makes the statement correct. I think the system got confused because the statement is very long and the first part sounds like something that might be neither correct nor incorrect if you don't realize that presenting evidence gives you better chances, but is not obligatory." +"Given the premise: 'Don 2 is the soundtrack album composed by the trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to the film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar starring Shahrukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Boman Irani, Om Puri, Lara Dutta and Kunal Kapoor. The album features nine tracks, and was released on 17 November 2011 by T-Series.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Don 2 is the soundtrack album composed by the duo Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to the film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar starring Shahrukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Boman Irani, Om Puri, Lara Dutta and Kunal Kapoor.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Don 2 is the soundtrack album composed by the duo Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to the film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar starring Shahrukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Boman Irani, Om Puri, Lara Dutta and Kunal Kapoor.","{ entailment } It was actually a trio, not a duo." +"With the given context: 'This will be a major incentive to universities and teaching and research hospitals across Canada to not only take advantage of the foundation for innovation and its assistance in upgrading and building research infrastructure but also to make use of the $400 million that has been made available to the university research granting councils to further support the performance of international quality research in this country.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Canada has places to learn in it' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Canada has places to learn in it,"{ neutral } Canada has places to learn in it, otherwise they wouldn't propose this" +"Using the premise: '""Some Velvet Morning"" is a song written by Lee Hazlewood and originally recorded by Hazlewood and Nancy Sinatra in late 1967. It first appeared on Sinatra's album ""Movin' with Nancy,"" the soundtrack to her 1967 television special of the same name, which also featured a performance of the song.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Some Velvet Morning was recorded on an odd numbered year' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Some Velvet Morning was recorded on an odd numbered year,{ contradiction } 1967 +"Given the detailed context: 'How to be invisible online
Go incognito. Every browser has an incognito feature that disables your browser or other websites from getting your browsing information, such as the sites you frequently visit, your username, and even passwords. [substeps] Open your browser's menu and inside you'll find its incognito feature.', judge whether the statement: 'incognito mode has to do with privacy' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",incognito mode has to do with privacy,"{ neutral } Saying that incognito mode has to do with privacy is the entire point of the summary I was given. It is there to provide anonymity, which in turn provides privacy." +"Given the detailed context: 'The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN strongly condemns the massacre of five Spanish-born Jesuit priests, and three Salvadoran citizens, carried out by the Salvadoran Armed Forces Soldiers.', judge whether the statement: 'The Doran Armed Forces carried out the action' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Doran Armed Forces carried out the action,{ entailment } The Doran Armed Forces does not exist making my statement incorrect. The model was not able to detect the differences in spelling +"Examine the premise: 'Investigators described the gunman as white, about 30 years old, of medium build with shoulder-length, wavy blond hair and as having a ""scruffy"" or ""grunge"" appearance.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Investigators described the gunman as a white male whose age was the number 62 minus 31.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Investigators described the gunman as a white male whose age was the number 62 minus 31.,{ entailment } mathematics fools the AI +"Consider the premise in: 'The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees is the fifth studio album by The Monkees released in April 1968. It was the first Monkees album not to reach Billboard's number one, peaking at No. 3 in the U.S. charts. It was also their first album to miss the UK charts altogether, with their four previous efforts all having reached the top ten. The album has sold over a million copies.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees was released by The Monkees in 1968, a year before the Band was formed' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees was released by The Monkees in 1968, a year before the Band was formed","{ neutral } It could not have been released a year before the band was formed, since the band did not exist yet, so my statement is incorrect" +" A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate. Some human foods can be what to dogs? ",Some human foods can be what to dogs?, toxic +" Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detailed the culinary esthetics and theory, along with a wide range of recipes from the ruling period of Qianlong during Qing Dynasty. The Manchu Han Imperial Feast originated at the court. Although this banquet was probably never common, it reflected an appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs. Nevertheless, culinary traditionalists such as Yuan Mei lambasted the opulent culinary rituals of the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, saying that it is cause in part by ""...the vulgar habits of bad chefs"" and that ""Display this trite are useful only for welcoming new relations through one’s gates or when the boss comes to visit."" (皆惡廚陋習。只可用之於新親上門，上司入境) What was the Manchu Han Imperial Feast? ",What was the Manchu Han Imperial Feast?, appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs +" A major sporting event is the ""Independence Day Sports Festival"" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009. In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games? ",In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?, 1998 +" In 1896, Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman worked with natives of Java, who also suffered from beriberi. Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact. Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice, discovering that food can cure disease. Over two decades later, nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1, also known as thiamine. Who worked with the natives to help solve their dietary issues? ",Who worked with the natives to help solve their dietary issues?, Christiaan Eijkman +"From the information in: 'Giovanni Visconti — according to Lorenzo Cardella nephew of Pope Gregory X. He was ostensibly created cardinal-bishop of Sabina by his uncle in 1275 and in 1276 was named judge in the case concerning the translation of bishop Giovanni of Potenza to the archbishopric of Monreale, postulated by the cathedral chapter of Monreale. He died in 1277 or 1278.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Giovanni Visconti never left the church' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Giovanni Visconti never left the church,{ contradiction } This is neither true or not true because it doesnt say whether or not he left the church. The system has a hard time with leaving +"Given the premise: 'Arnold Büscher (16 December 1899, Bad Oeynhausen – 2 August 1949) was a German SS officer. At the rank of SS-""Obersturmführer"", he was the second and last commandant of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, succeeding Amon Göth, from September 1944 until about January 1945.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Arnold Büscher was a German SS officer that was born on 16th of December and died in 1949 what is nowadays Germany' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Arnold Büscher was a German SS officer that was born on 16th of December and died in 1949 what is nowadays Germany,"{ entailment } The text does not specify where he died, it could be in Germany or somewhere else, so the statement could be correct or incorrect" +"Considering the context: 'Leaky Pen
Tom was at the bank. He was trying to fill out some papers. Unfortunately the bank's pen was leaky. It got all over Tom's hands. The bank apologized profusely.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The bank provided a pen to Tom.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The bank provided a pen to Tom.,"{ neutral } The context said that the bank's pen was leaky and it got all over Tom's hands, so the bank was the one that provided the pen. I think this was difficult because I introduced something different with ""provided""." +" Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated Durable Orbital Station-2 (DOS-2) on July 29, 1972, but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit. After the DOS-2 failure, the USSR attempted to launch four more Salyut-class stations through 1975, with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage, which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it wouldn't hold pressure. While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories, some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations. Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit? ",Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?, rocket failure +"With the premise: 'The Palm Harbor Open is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit in 1980. The event was held in Palm Harbor, Florida and was played on outdoor hard courts. Paul McNamee won the singles title while partnering with Paul Kronk to win the doubles title.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Paul McNamee only partnered with Paul Kronk' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Paul McNamee only partnered with Paul Kronk,{ contradiction } The text doesn't say if Paul had more than one partner +" In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003. When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels? ",When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?, April 2003 +"With the premise: 'The jet ski accident
Wendy was just an amateur jet ski driver who enjoyed the speed. She was young and careless and often rode way too fast. One day she wouldn't listen to her friends and continue to speed. She tried to do a jump near a rock and crashed horribly. Her friends tried to save her but it was too late, she was dead.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Wendy's death was due to foul play' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Wendy's death was due to foul play,{ neutral } She caused her own accidental death. I think the system got confused because I introduced a new concept +" In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé.[citation needed] Which General was involved in another coup? ",Which General was involved in another coup?, General François Bozizé +" The U.S. dollar is fiat money. It is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's most dominant reserve currency. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean: the British Virgin Islands and the Turks and Caicos islands. A few countries use only the U.S. Dollar for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar. For countries that use the dollar as their paper currency, what other currency do they make? ","For countries that use the dollar as their paper currency, what other currency do they make?", mints its own coins +"Considering the context: 'Colorz of Rage is a 1999 debut feature film for Dale Resteghini. The independent urban drama features Debbie (Nicki Richards) and Tony Mespelli (Dale Resteghini) trying to make it in New York City despite great adversity. It also features hip-hop star Redman and R&B singer Cheryl ""Pepsii"" Riley.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Colorz of Rage is a film with an unusual cast member.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Colorz of Rage is a film with an unusual cast member.,"{ neutral } R&B singer Cheryl ""Pepsii"" Riley, is not someone that would normally be cast in a film, because they are not an actor." +"With the given context: 'Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa lying wholly within the tropics. It straddles an extensive high inland plateau that drops northwards to the Zambezi valley where the border with Zambia is and similarly drops southwards to the Limpopo valley and the border with South Africa.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Zimbabwe has no border with another country that's name begins with the letter Z.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Zimbabwe has no border with another country that's name begins with the letter Z.,{ neutral } It shares a border with Zambia according to the passage. +" The Quran describes itself as ""the discernment"" (al-furqān), ""the mother book"" (umm al-kitāb), ""the guide"" (huda), ""the wisdom"" (hikmah), ""the remembrance"" (dhikr) and ""the revelation"" (tanzīl; something sent down, signifying the descent of an object from a higher place to lower place). Another term is al-kitāb (The Book), though it is also used in the Arabic language for other scriptures, such as the Torah and the Gospels. The adjective of ""Quran"" has multiple transliterations including ""quranic"", ""koranic"", and ""qur'anic"", or capitalised as ""Qur'anic"", ""Koranic"", and ""Quranic"". The term mus'haf ('written work') is often used to refer to particular Quranic manuscripts but is also used in the Quran to identify earlier revealed books. Other transliterations of ""Quran"" include ""al-Coran"", ""Coran"", ""Kuran"", and ""al-Qurʼan"". What is the Arabic term commonly used to refer to works like the Torah or the Gospels? ",What is the Arabic term commonly used to refer to works like the Torah or the Gospels?, al-kitāb +" When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Coliseum rapidly deteriorated. Believing the upkeep on the venue to be a drain of tax dollars, the DeStefano administration closed the Coliseum in 2002; it was demolished in 2007. New Haven's last professional sports team, the New Haven County Cutters, left in 2009. The DeStefano administration did, however, see the construction of the New Haven Athletic Center in 1998, a 94,000-square-foot (8,700 m2) indoor athletic facility with a seating capacity of over 3,000. The NHAC, built adjacent to Hillhouse High School, is used for New Haven public schools athletics, as well as large-scale area and state sporting events; it is the largest high school indoor sports complex in the state. When was the last time New Haven had a professional sport team? ",When was the last time New Haven had a professional sport team?, 2009 +" As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of ""quake lakes"" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream. As of May 27, 2008, 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers, and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people. Entire villages had to be evacuated because of the resultant flooding. What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding? ",What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding?, Entire villages +"Analyze the premise: 'Bodegraven-Reeuwijk is a municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland with a population of in . It was established by a merger of Bodegraven and Reeuwijk on 1 January 2011. The municipality covers 88.64 km2 of which km2 is water.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Bodegraven-Reeuwijk covers less than 55 miles.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bodegraven-Reeuwijk covers less than 55 miles.,"{ entailment } 88.65 km is 55.07 miles, so it covers over 55 miles, not under. The system most likely did not know how to convert the km to miles." +"Given the context: '""Snakes on a Plane (Bring It)"", also referred to as ""Bring It (Snakes on a Plane)"", is the debut single by Cobra Starship, released in 2006 from the soundtrack album """". The song features William Beckett of The Academy Is..., Travie McCoy of Gym Class Heroes, and Maja Ivarsson of The Sounds.' , classify the statement: 'Cobra Starship is an all girl band' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cobra Starship is an all girl band,"{ contradiction } The context says nothing about the make up of the band, so it is neither correct or incorrect to say that it is an all girl band. " +" At age eight, Beyoncé and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records. What large record company recorded Beyonce's group's first album? ",What large record company recorded Beyonce's group's first album?, Sony Music +"Examine the information in 'Fiona Chalmers is a British actress, who appeared in TV series in the late 1980s and early 1990s. She is best known for roles in series such as ""Take the High Road"" (1987), ""Tutti Frutti"" (1987), and ""The Gospel According to Vic"" (1986). In 1993 she appeared in an episode of ""Taggart"", and a year later appeared n the TV movie ""The Negotiator"" opposite Brian Cox and Ray Winstone.' Is the statement: 'Fiona Chalmers first tv appearance was in 80's' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Fiona Chalmers first tv appearance was in 80's,"{ neutral } Fiona Chalmers is a British actress, who appeared in TV series in the late 1980s " +"Given the context: 'What is certain, however, is that around 120,000 years ago, at least, the modern Homo sapiens first appeared and lived contemporaneously with the Neanderthal for at least 90,000 years, until the Neanderthal disappeared 30,000 years ago.' , classify the statement: 'Homo sapiens lived at the same time as neanderthals for more than 30,000 years ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Homo sapiens lived at the same time as neanderthals for more than 30,000 years ","{ contradiction } They lived at the same time for at least 90,000 years, and that is more than 30,000" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Shenzhen Airlines () is an airline headquartered in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It has been a member of Star Alliance since 2012, and is currently one of two Chinese airlines that is part of the global airline network.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Shenzhen Airlines joined the Star Alliance in 2012 A.D.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Shenzhen Airlines joined the Star Alliance in 2012 A.D.,"{ neutral } The airline did join the Star Alliance that year - writing ""AD"" after the year does not make the date wrong, it just confused the AI." +" The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building. What was railway area developed into ",What was railway area developed into ," were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style " +" Among his contributions to philosophy is his claim to have solved the philosophical problem of induction. He states that while there is no way to prove that the sun will rise, it is possible to formulate the theory that every day the sun will rise; if it does not rise on some particular day, the theory will be falsified and will have to be replaced by a different one. Until that day, there is no need to reject the assumption that the theory is true. Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions. Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability? ",Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability?, Popper +" Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' homes have access to the Internet, and more than 90% of American adolescents use the Internet at least occasionally. As a result of the amount of time adolescents spend using these devices, their total media exposure is high. In the last decade, the amount of time that adolescents spend on the computer has greatly increased. Online activities with the highest rates of use among adolescents are video games (78% of adolescents), email (73%), instant messaging (68%), social networking sites (65%), news sources (63%), music (59%), and videos (57%). What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation? ",What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation?, video games +"Examine the information in 'Raúl Alberto Osella (born 8 June 1984 in Morteros) is an Argentine association footballer who currently plays for FC Locarno in Swiss Challenge League. He played FIFA U-17 World Cup Final for Argentina national team 2001. He played for Boca Juniors and Tiro Federal in Argentina.' Is the statement: 'Raul Alberto Osella no longer plays for the FIFA U-17 Argentina team.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Raul Alberto Osella no longer plays for the FIFA U-17 Argentina team.,{ neutral } It is impossible for him to play for the under 17s team based on his date of birth. The system was unable to calculate this. +" Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate. Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe? ",Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?, mountain ranges of Spain and Italy +" She has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts. Her early songs were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like ""Independent Women"" and ""Survivor"", but after the start of her relationship with Jay Z she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as ""Cater 2 U"". Beyoncé has also received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers. What part of production does she do? ",What part of production does she do?, melodies +" The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the ""traditional"" definition of AC. What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day? ",What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?, oldies +" The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it is the most populous Territory. Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612 and is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World. In what year did Bermuda enter British rule? ",In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?, 1707 +"Given the detailed context: 'Mr Ferdinand Piech said that the German company did not have any confidential plans or documents about GM's ultra-low-cost factory project.', judge whether the statement: 'Ferdinand Piech said that the German company had the GM's plans for the factory, but that they did not have any other documents' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Ferdinand Piech said that the German company had the GM's plans for the factory, but that they did not have any other documents","{ neutral } They did not have any plans or documents, so my statement was incorrect" +"From the information in: 'Grandview, U.S.A. is a 1984 American comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser and starring Jamie Lee Curtis, Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Carole Cook, Ramon Bieri, John Cusack, Joan Cusack, M. Emmet Walsh, Michael Winslow, Troy Donahue and Steve Dahl. The original music score is composed by Thomas Newman. It was filmed on location in Pontiac, Illinois.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Grandview, U.S.A. is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser and starring Jamie Lee Curtis, Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Carole Cook, Ramon Bieri, John Cusack, Joan Cusack, M. Emmet Walsh, Michael Winslow, Troy Donahue and Steve Dahl. ' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Grandview, U.S.A. is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser and starring Jamie Lee Curtis, Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Carole Cook, Ramon Bieri, John Cusack, Joan Cusack, M. Emmet Walsh, Michael Winslow, Troy Donahue and Steve Dahl. ","{ entailment } It is a 1984 film. I used a whole sentence, and changed one thing" +"Using the premise: 'Spittal is a hamlet or small village in East Lothian, Scotland, UK, on the B1377, east of Longniddry, south-south-west of Aberlady and to the west of Garleton and north of Gladsmuir. It is close to both Redhouse Castle, Gosford House and Spittal House.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Spittal is in continental europe' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Spittal is in continental europe,{ entailment } Spittal is not in north america +" Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market. When was the first beta release for Safari? ",When was the first beta release for Safari?, January 2003 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Dream within a Dream
Jeremy was having a good dream. His brother punched his arm and woke him up. Jeremy missed the good dream. He chased his brother around the house. Then he woke up again and realized that was a dream too.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jeremy was not happy that dream had ended.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jeremy was not happy that dream had ended.,"{ neutral } ""Jeremy was not happy that dream had ended."" was definitely correct because it said he missed the good dream." +" In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart. Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron? ",Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?, referee +" In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups. What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the US was sent to help combat? ",What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the US was sent to help combat? , Abu Sayyaf +"Given the context: 'How to do paddleboard yoga
Get centered and balanced with child's pose. Paddleboard yoga can be a change for even experienced practitioners. To help you get balanced and used to your board, start by getting into child's pose.' , classify the statement: 'Child's pose is a yoga manouever' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Child's pose is a yoga manouever,{ neutral } It's a recommended pose for yoga. I think the system got it wrong because I used unusual phrasing +" The race was the most expensive for Congress in the country that year and four days before the general election, Durkin withdrew and endorsed Cronin, hoping to see Kerry defeated. The week before, a poll had put Kerry 10 points ahead of Cronin, with Dukin on 13%. In the final days of the campaign, Kerry sensed that it was ""slipping away"" and Cronin emerged victorious by 110,970 votes (53.45%) to Kerry's 92,847 (44.72%). After his defeat, Kerry lamented in a letter to supporters that ""for two solid weeks, [The Sun] called me un-American, New Left antiwar agitator, unpatriotic, and labeled me every other 'un-' and 'anti-' that they could find. It's hard to believe that one newspaper could be so powerful, but they were."" He later felt that his failure to respond directly to The Sun's attacks cost him the race. How many votes did Cronin get against Kerry? ",How many votes did Cronin get against Kerry?," 110,970 " +"Given the premise: 'Princess Yang Kwei-Fei (楊貴妃 , ""Yōkihi"" , a.k.a. ""The Consort Yáng Guìfēi"") is a 1955 Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It was a co-production between Daiei Film and Hong Kong's Shaw & Sons, a predecessor of Shaw Brothers Studio . It is one of Mizoguchi's two color films, the other being ""Tales of the Taira Clan"", made the same year.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'There is a sequal to the movie.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",There is a sequal to the movie.,{ entailment } I'm unsure provided on the information if their is a sequal or not. The system did not know if their was one either. +" The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Center stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park. What is the Galleria the largest of in Texas? ",What is the Galleria the largest of in Texas?, shopping mall +" Another debate developed around the (distinct) criticisms of liberal political theory made by Michael Walzer, Michael Sandel and Charles Taylor. The liberal-communitarian debate is often considered valuable for generating a new set of philosophical problems, rather than a profound and illuminating clash of perspective.These and other communitarians (such as Alasdair MacIntyre and Daniel A. Bell) argue that, contra liberalism, communities are prior to individuals and therefore should be the center of political focus. Communitarians tend to support greater local control as well as economic and social policies which encourage the growth of social capital. What type of control do communitarians tend to support? ",What type of control do communitarians tend to support?, greater local control +" According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups. According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim? ","According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?", 48.8 percent +" Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as ""the sole affair I have much heart in"". Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris. Dundas did not follow Burke's advice, however. Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee? ",Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee?, Henry Dundas +" Southern Baptist Landmarkism sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches, in an era when inter-denominational union meetings were the order of the day. James Robinson Graves was an influential Baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement. While some Landmarkers eventually separated from the Southern Baptist Convention, the influence of the movement on the Convention continued into the 20th century. Its influence continues to affect convention policies. In 2005, the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism. When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism? ",When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism?, In 2005 +"Examine the information in 'General Dynamics, the maker of land combat systems, warships and Gulfstream business jets, reported net earnings of $374m in the third quarter, or $1.84 per share.' Is the statement: 'General Dynamics is a subsidiary.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",General Dynamics is a subsidiary.,{ contradiction } The prompt does not mention whether the company has a parent company or not. +"From the information in: 'A shooting in Irvington has left one person dead on Monday night, according to the Essex County Prosecutor's Office. Essex County Chief Assistant Prosecutor Thomas Fennelly said his office is investigating a ""shooting homicide"" on 21st Street. The name of the victim has not been released and no other details were available as of 11 p.m. on Monday. Chris Sheldon may be reached at csheldon@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @chrisrsheldon Find NJ.com on Facebook.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Thomas Fennelly has a qq' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Thomas Fennelly has a qq,{ entailment } Letters aren't in the name +"Given the context: 'How to contact a dog breeder
Decide on a particular breed of dog. Before you reach out to a breeder, you will want to choose a particular breed of dog to purchase. A reputable breeder will only raise one particular type of breed of dog, so identifying your preferences will automatically narrow down your contact choices.' , classify the statement: 'The best breeders offer a variety of dog breeds.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The best breeders offer a variety of dog breeds.,{ neutral } The scenario states that the best/most reputable breeders only offer one kind of breed. +"Given the detailed context: 'Seth gets sick
Seth is eating his favorite burger. He enjoys it. After about 30 minutes his stomach starts feeling weird. Seth begins feeling sick. Moments later Seth vomits all over the place.', judge whether the statement: 'Seth got sick from hunger.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Seth got sick from hunger.,{ neutral } Seth got sick after eating a burger. This would not lead to vomiting from hunger. +" Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the most common solder resists used today is called ""LPI"" (liquid photoimageable solder mask). A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally developed where the unexposed areas are washed away. Dry film solder mask is similar to the dry film used to image the PWB for plating or etching. After being laminated to the PWB surface it is imaged and develop as LPI. Once common but no longer commonly used because of its low accuracy and resolution is to screen print epoxy ink. Solder resist also provides protection from the environment. What kind of coating gets applied to the PWB before light exposure? ",What kind of coating gets applied to the PWB before light exposure?, photo-sensitive +" With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war. North Korea also provided the Chinese Communists in Manchuria with a safe refuge for non-combatants and communications with the rest of China. Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria? ",Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria?, North Korean government +"Examine the premise: 'The Mannlicher–Schönauer (sometimes Anglicized as ""Mannlicher Schoenauer,"" Hellenized as Τυφέκιον Μάνλιχερ or Όπλον Μάνλιχερ-Σενάουερ) is a type of rotary-magazine bolt-action rifle produced by Steyr Mannlicher for the Greek Army in 1903 and later was also used in small numbers by the Austro-Hungarian armies. Post war use was for civilian use such as hunting and target practice.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Mannlicher-Schönauer were also used in situations where inanimate objects were shot at.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Mannlicher-Schönauer were also used in situations where inanimate objects were shot at.,{ neutral } Civilians used the Mannlicher-Schönauer for target partice in post war times. The system did not recognize that civilians would have used inanimate objects for target practice. +"Analyze the premise: 'How to finish wood
Sand down the wood. Wood will have flaws like scratches and dents. Whether marks have come from the machines at the mills, or it has become scratched or gouged during handling, or from wear and tear.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Sanding the wood is the first step in wood finishing.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sanding the wood is the first step in wood finishing.,{ neutral } The context looks like steps from a tutorial and sanding was the first thing brought up so it must be the first step. I think it was difficult because the context never mentioned the word steps. +" Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue ""the most beautiful street in America"" when visiting the city in 1868. In 1868, which famous author is reported to have declared New Haven's Hillhouse Avenue to be ""the most beautiful street in America?"" ","In 1868, which famous author is reported to have declared New Haven's Hillhouse Avenue to be ""the most beautiful street in America?""", Charles Dickens +" Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features. What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology? ",What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology?," failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth " +" The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care. How many regional health administrations exist in Portugal? ",How many regional health administrations exist in Portugal?, Five +" The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League? ",Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?, Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260 +"Examine the information in 'Lubriderm is a hand and body lotion first created by the Texas Pharamacal Company of San Antonio. The company was sold to Warner Lambert and later Lubriderm was sold to Pfizer. It was then purchased by Johnson & Johnson and is now one of their consumer products.' Is the statement: 'Lubriderm was first owned by Warner Lambert' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Lubriderm was first owned by Warner Lambert,{ entailment } Lubriderm was first owned by the Texas Pharamacal Company of San Antonio +"With the premise: 'Yogi the Easter Bear is a 1994 animated television special starring Yogi Bear and produced by Hanna-Barbera which was broadcast in syndication on April 3, 1994. This was the last time Don Messick voiced both Boo Boo and Ranger Smith (his last being ""Arabian Nights"" which was also first aired in September 3, 1994). Messick died in 1997.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Audiences watched the first broadcast of Yogi the Easter Bear in September of 1994.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Audiences watched the first broadcast of Yogi the Easter Bear in September of 1994.,{ neutral } Yogi the Easter Bear was first broadcast in April 1994. +" Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross. When did Britain end slavery? ",When did Britain end slavery?, 1834 +"From the facts presented in 'MOSCOW, Idaho (AP) — Authorities say a 60-year-old northern Idaho man is recovering after being shot in the buttocks with a .50-caliber muzzleloader rifle by his hunting partner who mistook him for an elk. The Latah County Sheriff's Office tells the Moscow-Pullman Daily News that the Moscow man was shot Monday near Dreary by a 72-year-old Potlatch man. Officials say the injured man was transported to a hospital and was in stable condition Tuesday. Names haven't been released.' , decide if the statement: 'the man knew the shooter' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",the man knew the shooter,{ neutral } shot by his partner +"Given the premise: 'Dean Martin Gaffney (born 14 February 1978) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as Robbie Jackson on the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"" from 1993 to 2003 and again full-time from 2017, he however made guest appearances in the soap in 2004, 2010 and 2015, and has also appeared in various reality television shows such as ""I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!""' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Being born on the 14 February 1978 means that dean is 55 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Being born on the 14 February 1978 means that dean is 55 years old.,"{ entailment } The AI had to make a maths judgment then apply it to my statement, the order i asked it to do this caused it to make a mistake." +"Examine the premise: 'Mariner Books, a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, was established in 1997 as a publisher of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry in paperback. Mariner is also the publisher of the Harvest imprint backlist, formerly published by Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Mariner Books publishes books for Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Mariner Books publishes books for Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.,"{ entailment } Mariner Books does not publish books ""for"" Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Mariner Books publishes the Harvest imprint backlist that was ""formerly published by"" Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich." +"Analyze the premise: 'Sophia Turkiewicz is an Australian film and television director known for her film ""Silver City"". ""Silver City"", which Turkiewicz began during a six-month stay in Poland, was released internationally and won 3 AFI awards. Turkiewicz has also spent six years as a lecturer in the directing department of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School before leaving to direct ""Once My Mother"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Sophia Turkiewicz worked in the US.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sophia Turkiewicz worked in the US.,{ contradiction } Sophia Turkiewicz worked in the UK. +" Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), was started. Separate organizations were created in Kathmandu to promote this activity; some of these include the Tourism Development Board, the Department of Tourism and the Civil Aviation Department. Furthermore, Nepal became a member of several international tourist associations. Establishing diplomatic relations with other nations further accentuated this activity. The hotel industry, travel agencies, training of tourist guides, and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal, and in Kathmandu in particular. When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin? ",When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?, 1956 +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to hook your friend up with her dream date
Get your friend's dream guy to notice her. Even if it's just for a few split seconds. It'll put a guy in a little pickle if he's asked if he likes a girl he doesn't even know.' , determine if the claim: 'The statement says it will put the guy in a cucumber.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The statement says it will put the guy in a cucumber.,{ entailment } The statement says little pickle. +"From the information in: 'What I have done is what every member of parliament has an obligation to do and that is to make sure that the programs that apply to the constituents under the job creation program apply to the people who voted for the member for Saint-Maurice just as the programs apply to the members for Prince George-Peace River, Kootenay-Columbia, Kootenay-Boundary-Okanagan, Dauphin-Swan River, Esquimalt-Juan de Fuca, Cariboo-Chilcotin, and so on.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'What we have done is what every member of parliament has an obligation to do and that is to make sure that the programs' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",What we have done is what every member of parliament has an obligation to do and that is to make sure that the programs,"{ entailment } The narrator says it is what they have done, not ""we"". I think the model got confused because the change is so subtle." +" The In-no-cho filled the void left by the decline of Fujiwara power. Rather than being banished, the Fujiwara were mostly retained in their old positions of civil dictator and minister of the center while being bypassed in decision making. In time, many of the Fujiwara were replaced, mostly by members of the rising Minamoto family. While the Fujiwara fell into disputes among themselves and formed northern and southern factions, the insei system allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over the throne. The period from 1086 to 1156 was the age of supremacy of the In-no-cho and of the rise of the military class throughout the country. Military might rather than civil authority dominated the government. The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras? ",The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras?, Minamoto +" Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy. What was Whitehead's final area of study? ",What was Whitehead's final area of study?, metaphysics +" Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout? ",Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout?, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade +" The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas. What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism? ","What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism?", al-Qaeda +" In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown Wipeout HD and Gran Turismo 5 Prologue in 3D as a demonstration of how the technology might work if it is implemented in the future. Firmware update 3.30 officially allowed PS3 titles to be played in 3D, requiring a compatible display for use. System software update 3.50 prepared it for 3D films. While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively. Titles with such patches include Wipeout HD, Pain, and Super Stardust HD. What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to add functions not originally programmed? ",What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to add functions not originally programmed?, patched +" The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being ""out of touch"". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement. When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted? ",When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?, 1965 +" In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can ""see"" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when taking pictures of subjects near IR-bright areas (such as near a lamp), where the resulting infrared interference can wash out the image. There is also a technique called 'T-ray' imaging, which is imaging using far-infrared or terahertz radiation. Lack of bright sources can make terahertz photography more challenging than most other infrared imaging techniques. Recently T-ray imaging has been of considerable interest due to a number of new developments such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum? ",What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum?, infrared filters +" There is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels of 100–300 mg may interfere with the utilization of copper and iron or adversely affect cholesterol. Levels of zinc in excess of 500 ppm in soil interfere with the ability of plants to absorb other essential metals, such as iron and manganese. There is also a condition called the zinc shakes or ""zinc chills"" that can be induced by the inhalation of freshly formed zinc oxide formed during the welding of galvanized materials. Zinc is a common ingredient of denture cream which may contain between 17 and 38 mg of zinc per gram. There have been claims of disability, and even death, due to excessive use of these products. What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide? ",What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide?," zinc shakes or ""zinc chills"" " +"Analyze the premise: 'Lee Jae-jin (Hangul: 이재진 ; Hanja: 李在真 ; Japanese:イ•ジェジン born December 17, 1991) is a South Korean musician and actor. He is a member of rock band F.T. Island, where he serves as the bassist and 2nd vocalist. He has also contributed to F.T. Island's body of work with several compositions of his own.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Lee Jae-jin plays multiple musical instruments as a member of rock band F.T Island.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lee Jae-jin plays multiple musical instruments as a member of rock band F.T Island.,{ entailment } Lee Jae-jin is the bassist and 2nd vocalist for F.T Island which means he only plays one instrument. +"Examine the premise: 'How to create a musical slideshow with iphoto
Choose the photos you want to show during your video. Choose your music; make sure whatever song you choose is not drm protected. You can use songs you have bought from the itunes store, and you should not use any song that you do not have express permission to use.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'You can use music from Spotify for your slideshow' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",You can use music from Spotify for your slideshow,{ contradiction } The statement suggest that you use music from itunes for the slideshow but doesn't say that you have to. It is possible that you can choose music from another source such as spotify but it isn't confirmed. +" The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk. There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online. Since what year has The Times and The Sunday Times had an online presense? ",Since what year has The Times and The Sunday Times had an online presense?, 1999 +"Given the detailed context: 'Drumtochty Castle is a neo-gothic style castellated mansion erected in the year 1812 approximately three kilometres northwest of Auchenblae, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. This castle stands on the southern edge of Drumtochty Forest. Other noted castles in Kincardineshire are Fasque House, Fetteresso Castle, Dunnottar Castle and Muchalls Castle.', judge whether the statement: 'Drumtochty Castle is less than 5 miles northwest of Auchenblae, Aberdeenshire, Scottland.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Drumtochty Castle is less than 5 miles northwest of Auchenblae, Aberdeenshire, Scottland.",{ contradiction } Drumtochty Castle is on the edge of Drumtochty Forest. +" While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relief, and West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, ""George Bush doesn't care about black people."" West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most ""disgusting moments"" of his presidency. West raised further controversy in January 2006 when he posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns. The loss of which award caused Kanye to leave the American Music Awards? ",The loss of which award caused Kanye to leave the American Music Awards?, Best New Artist +"Analyze the premise: 'The Agatha Christie Award (アガサ・クリスティー賞 ) is a Japanese literary award established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie's birth. The award is presented by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation in association with the Agatha Christie Society, which is chaired by Mathew Pritchard, the grandson of Agatha Christie.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Agatha Christie was born in the 20th century.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Agatha Christie was born in the 20th century.,"{ neutral } The award was established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie's birth, meaning she was born in 1890, which is the 19th century. The system may not understand century rule or math." +"Examine the premise: 'The Rise of Nine is a young adult teen fiction novel by Pittacus Lore and the third novel in ""The Lorien Legacies"". It is published by HarperCollins, & was released on August 21, 2012, in the US and by Penguin on August 30, 2012 in the UK. It is the first book in the series to be written after Jobie Hughes left the project.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Jobie Hughes was often very involved on the writing of The Rise of Nine.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Jobie Hughes was often very involved on the writing of The Rise of Nine.,{ neutral } Jobie Hughes was actually not involved with the writing of The Rise of Nine as he left the project. +"Given the premise: 'Courtland Park is a sub-neighbourhood of Carleton Heights in River Ward in the west end of Ottawa, Canada. It is bounded on the north by Baseline Road, on the east by the Rideau River, on the south by Dynes Road and on the west by Fisher Avenue. Prince of Wales Drive runs thorough the neighbourhood.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Courtland Park is to the south of Baseline Road.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Courtland Park is to the south of Baseline Road.,{ contradiction } I made a statement about orientation that can be inferred from the information. +" Feynman has been called the ""Great Explainer"". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feynman gained great pleasure from coming up with such a ""freshman-level"" explanation, for example, of the connection between spin and statistics. What he said was that groups of particles with spin ½ ""repel"", whereas groups with integer spin ""clump"". This was a brilliantly simplified way of demonstrating how Fermi–Dirac statistics and Bose–Einstein statistics evolved as a consequence of studying how fermions and bosons behave under a rotation of 360°. This was also a question he pondered in his more advanced lectures, and to which he demonstrated the solution in the 1986 Dirac memorial lecture. In the same lecture, he further explained that antiparticles must exist, for if particles had only positive energies, they would not be restricted to a so-called ""light cone"". Which nickname did Feynman receive? ",Which nickname did Feynman receive?, Great Explainer +" In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe ""Bobby"" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a ""culture of coziness"" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and ""a systematic breakdown"" in the FAA's culture that resulted in ""malfeasance, bordering on corruption."" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through. How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes? ",How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes?, $10.2 million +" + Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as ""thugs"". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, ""We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no."" What word was used by London officials to describe Chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters? ",What word was used by London officials to describe Chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters?, thugs +" In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations), but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females. Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places. It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual. What is an example of clothing that was once seen as exclusively for males? ",What is an example of clothing that was once seen as exclusively for males?, Trousers +"With the premise: 'Noodles
Todd loved to eat noodles. He decided to make a bowl one day. However, as he was cooking he got a phone call. When he got downstairs, the water had boiled out. His noodles were ruined.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Todd's noodles were not tasty' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Todd's noodles were not tasty,"{ neutral } ""Ruined"" food is very likely not going to taste as good as not ruined food" +" Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released ""Beautiful Life"" as his coronation single while Beckham released ""Champion"". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called ""Forcefield"". Who came in third on American Idol in season 14? ",Who came in third on American Idol in season 14?, Jax +" Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread. According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world? ","According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world?", among the worst +"Given the detailed context: 'William Sidney ""Sid"" Hatfield (May 15, 1891 or 1893 – August 1, 1921), was Police Chief of Matewan, West Virginia during the Battle of Matewan, a shootout that followed a series of evictions carried out by detectives from the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency.', judge whether the statement: 'William Hatfield did not survive the Battle of Matewan.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",William Hatfield did not survive the Battle of Matewan.,{ entailment } The text does not imply when the battle took place nor did it describe how the police chief died. +"Analyze the premise: 'Game Plan was a pinball manufacturer that produced pinball tables from 1978 to 1985. Game Plan was a subsidiary of AES Technology Systems and was located in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. Game Plan's president was former Chicago Coin table designer Wendell McAdams.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'AES was located in Chicago, Illinois.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","AES was located in Chicago, Illinois.","{ neutral } AES was located in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. Unless Elk Grove is a part of Chicago I'm not sure how the system missed this one." +"Consider the premise in: 'But if I went back to those groups that have been working on this problem for so many years and presented this option, this solution from the Reform Party, I think I would be greeted with ``oh no, not again, here we go, another attempt to try to solve this problem through legal provisions, another attempt to spend more money, more time, more effort on Criminal Code sanctions, another attempt to scratch the surface of this issue and never go beyond''.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'This issue has only two side.s' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",This issue has only two side.s,{ contradiction } It could have multiple perspectives or sides. +" North Carolinians enjoy outdoor recreation utilizing numerous local bike paths, 34 state parks, and 14 national parks. National Park Service units include the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, the Blue Ridge Parkway, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site at Flat Rock, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site at Manteo, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Guilford Courthouse National Military Park in Greensboro, Moores Creek National Battlefield near Currie in Pender County, the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Old Salem National Historic Site in Winston-Salem, the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, and Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kill Devil Hills. National Forests include Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina, Croatan National Forest in Eastern North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest in the northern mountains, and Nantahala National Forest in the southwestern part of the state. Where is Croatan National Forest located? ",Where is Croatan National Forest located?, Eastern North Carolina +" Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Israel has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines are believed to be armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles, offering nuclear second strike capability. Since the Gulf War in 1991, when Israel was attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles, all homes in Israel are required to have a reinforced security room, Merkhav Mugan, impermeable to chemical and biological substances. All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what? ",All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what?, Merkhav Mugan +" As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 the situation in Europe had cooled down sufficiently that João VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon. However, the King of Portugal remained in Brazil until the Liberal Revolution of 1820, which started in Porto, demanded his return to Lisbon in 1821. What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus? ","What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus?", the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family +"Analyze the premise: '""Beez in the Trap"" is a song by rapper Nicki Minaj for her second studio album, """" (2012). It was written by Minaj, Maurice Jordan, and 2 Chainz, who contributed a guest verse to the song, while production was handled by Kenoe. The track was released as the album's third single on May 29, 2012 following ""Starships"" and ""Right by My Side"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There were four singles on the album Beez in the Trap.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There were four singles on the album Beez in the Trap.,"{ contradiction } The context did not say how many singles were on the album, only that Beez in the Trap was the third." +" The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.) What is 16-bit support intended for? ",What is 16-bit support intended for?, CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation +"Examine the premise: 'Skillington is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 345. It is situated 1.5 mi west from the A1 road, 6 mi south from Grantham, and is within 3 mi of the Leicestershire border.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The population of Skillington in 2011 was more than 400.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The population of Skillington in 2011 was more than 400.,{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it was only 345. It's difficult for the system because it seems to have trouble comparing two numbers when the phrases more than/less than are used. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Women Hold Up Half the Sky is the solo debut studio album by Ruby Turner, released in 1986 by Jive Records. It includes a cover version of the Staple Singers song, ""If You're Ready (Come Go With Me)"", a duet with Jonathan Butler, and the Etta James standard ""I'd Rather Go Blind"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'The songs on Women Hold Up Half the Sky were written by Ruby Turner.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The songs on Women Hold Up Half the Sky were written by Ruby Turner.,{ entailment } Reason: There are multiple covers listed as tracks. Why: Because it's listed as an album by Ruby Turner. +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Chess Player's Chronicle, founded by Howard Staunton and extant from 1841–56 and 1859–62, was the world's first successful English-language magazine devoted exclusively to chess. Various unrelated but identically or similarly named publications were published until 1902.' , determine if the claim: 'Similar publications were not published until 1902' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Similar publications were not published until 1902,{ entailment } There were similar publications made before that date. +" He moved rapidly. First, he promoted Confucian orthodoxy and reversed what he saw as his father's laxness by cracking down on unorthodox sects and by decapitating an anti-Manchu writer his father had pardoned. In 1723 he outlawed Christianity and expelled Christian missionaries, though some were allowed to remain in the capital. Next, he moved to control the government. He expanded his father's system of Palace Memorials which brought frank and detailed reports on local conditions directly to the throne without being intercepted by the bureaucracy, and created a small Grand Council of personal advisors which eventually grew into the emperor's de facto cabinet for the rest of the dynasty. He shrewdly filled key positions with Manchu and Han Chinese officials who depended on his patronage. When he began to realize that the financial crisis was even greater than he had thought, Yongzheng rejected his father's lenient approach to local landowning elites and mounted a campaign to enforce collection of the land tax. The increased revenues were to be used for ""money to nourish honesty"" among local officials and for local irrigation, schools, roads, and charity. Although these reforms were effective in the north, in the south and lower Yangzi valley, where Kangxi had wooed the elites, there were long established networks of officials and landowners. Yongzheng dispatched experienced Manchu commissioners to penetrate the thickets of falsified land registers and coded account books, but they were met with tricks, passivity, and even violence. The fiscal crisis persisted. Who did Yongzheng behead? ",Who did Yongzheng behead?, anti-Manchu writer +"Given the context: 'The Time We Were Not in Love (; lit. The Time I've Loved You) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Ha Ji-won and Lee Jin-wook, adapted from the award-winning 2011 Taiwanese drama ""In Time with You"". It aired on SBS from June 27 to August 16, 2015 on Saturdays and Sundays at 22:00 for 16 episodes.' , classify the statement: '22:00 is very early in the morning.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",22:00 is very early in the morning.,"{ neutral } It is actually 11pm, and would not be considered morning." +"With the given context: 'Iola (pronounced ) is a city situated along the Neosho River in the northwestern part of Allen County, located in Southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,704. Iola is the county seat of Allen County. It is named in honor of Iola Colborn.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Iola is a city in Northwestern Kansas' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Iola is a city in Northwestern Kansas,{ entailment } It is incorrect because Iola is in South East Kansas and it was fooled because Iola is in Northwest Allen county +"From the information in: 'How to hoard food for an emergency
Make sure you have at least £ 300/$490/342 euro's (these are equivalent as of the seventh of may , 2011). Go to a shop that sells canned foods and drinks. Tinned and dried foods are best, as they last for a long time.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The currency conversions that were mentioned were relevant as of 3 years after May 7th, 2009.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The currency conversions that were mentioned were relevant as of 3 years after May 7th, 2009.","{ entailment } The article states ""seventh of may , 2011"" (May 7th, 2011), and three years after May 7th, 2009 is May 7th, 2012 - therefore, my statement is definitely incorrect, especially when you consider how much conversion rates differ from day to day. I think the system struggled because it only estimates math within a margin of error rather than definitively calculating it. " +"Examine the information in 'Sex and the Single Girl is a 1962 non-fiction book by American writer Helen Gurley Brown, written as an advice book that encouraged women to become financially independent and experience sexual relationships before or without marriage. The book sold two million copies in three weeks, was sold in 35 countries and has made the ""Los Angeles Times"", ""The New York Times"" and ""Time"" bestseller lists.' Is the statement: 'Sex and the Single Girl was read by many people in the 1960s.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sex and the Single Girl was read by many people in the 1960s.,{ neutral } It sold 2 million copies in e weeks in 1962. It had to have been read by many people. +" Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. ""Fred"" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Fred was born as ""Fritz Kohn"" before he and Ida took on the ""Kerry"" name and moved to the United States. Fred and Ida were born Jewish, and converted to Catholicism together in Austria. His maternal ancestors were of Scottish and English descent, and his maternal grandfather James Grant Forbes II was a member of the Forbes family, while his maternal grandmother Margaret Tyndal Winthrop was a member of the Dudley–Winthrop family. Margaret's paternal grandfather Robert Charles Winthrop served as the 22nd Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Robert's father was Governor Thomas Lindall Winthrop. Thomas' father John Still Winthrop was a great-great-grandson of Massachusetts Bay Colony Governor John Winthrop and great-grandson of Governor Thomas Dudley. Through his mother, John is a first cousin once removed of French politician Brice Lalonde. What was Kerry's paternal grandfather's career? ",What was Kerry's paternal grandfather's career?, shoe businessman +"Given the premise: 'One percent of America got $89 billion last year in a tax cut, but people working hard, playing by the rules, trying to take care of their kids, family values, that we're supposed to value so much in America -- I'm tired of politicians who talk about family values and don't value families.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'One percent of Americans had to pay 89 billion dollars less than they would have to pay if there would be no tax cut, so they got to keep a lot more money' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","One percent of Americans had to pay 89 billion dollars less than they would have to pay if there would be no tax cut, so they got to keep a lot more money","{ neutral } The tax cut means they paid 89 million less, so my statement was correct" +" Hayek had a long-standing and close friendship with philosopher of science Karl Popper, also from Vienna. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, ""I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski."" (See Hacohen, 2000). Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper and, in 1982, said that ""ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology"". Popper also participated in the inaugural meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society. Their friendship and mutual admiration, however, do not change the fact that there are important differences between their ideas. Which of Popper's works was the first to grasp Hayek's attention? ",Which of Popper's works was the first to grasp Hayek's attention?, Logik der Forschung +" In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians. Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia? ","Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia?", valleys of the Alps +" In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million. How much money did Spectre gross on it's opening day in the UK? ",How much money did Spectre gross on it's opening day in the UK?, $9.2 million +"Examine the information in '""Gang Up"" is a song recorded by American rappers Young Thug, 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa and PnB Rock. The track was commissioned for the of the 2017 action film ""The Fate of the Furious"". ""Gang Up"" was released on March 24, 2017, as the soundtrack's fourth single in the United States.' Is the statement: 'Young Thug, 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa and PnB Rock have released singles in the past.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Young Thug, 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa and PnB Rock have released singles in the past.",{ entailment } It wasn't stated if the rappers released singles in the past. +" The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,810 m (15,781 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,123 ft), known as the ""four-thousanders"". What is the highest mountain in the Alps? ",What is the highest mountain in the Alps?, Mont Blanc +"Analyze the premise: 'American football strategy concerns the deployment of offensive, defensive, and special teams players and the execution of plays in American football. In American football, there are a vast array of positions, formations, strategies, plays and types of play calling systems that are utilized. If a strategy is for a particular game, it is known as a ""game plan"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There is one specific game plan which is universally successful.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There is one specific game plan which is universally successful.,{ contradiction } The text summarizes what a game plan is without specifically naming any and also states there is a huge variety of systems used. +" Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen); literally, ""Land of Kings"") is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area). It is located on the western side of the country, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the ""Rajasthan Desert"" and ""Great Indian Desert"") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is bordered by the other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization at Kalibanga; the Dilwara Temples, a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the ancient Aravalli mountain range; and, in eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to two national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur and Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar. The Dilwara Temples are a pilgrimage site for whom? ",The Dilwara Temples are a pilgrimage site for whom?, Jain +" In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, ""the one of Tsang"", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsang), reigning from 1611–1621. Despite this, the leaders of Lhasa still claimed their allegiance to the Phagmodru as well as the Gelug, while the Ü-Tsang king allied with the Karmapa. Tensions rose between the nationalistic Ü-Tsang ruler and the Mongols who safeguarded their Mongol Dalai Lama in Lhasa. The fourth Dalai Lama refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king, which sparked a conflict as the latter began assaulting Gelug monasteries. Chen writes of the speculation over the fourth Dalai Lama's mysterious death and the plot of the Ü-Tsang king to have him murdered for ""cursing"" him with illness, although Chen writes that the murder was most likely the result of a feudal power struggle. In 1618, only two years after Yonten Gyatso died, the Gelug and the Karma Kargyu went to war, the Karma Kargyu supported by the secular Ü-Tsang king. The Ü-Tsang ruler had a large number of Gelugpa lamas killed, occupied their monasteries at Drepung and Sera, and outlawed any attempts to find another Dalai Lama. In 1621, the Ü-Tsang king died and was succeeded by his young son Karma Tenkyong, an event which stymied the war effort as the latter accepted the six-year-old Lozang Gyatso as the new Dalai Lama. Despite the new Dalai Lama's diplomatic efforts to maintain friendly relations with the new Ü-Tsang ruler, Sonam Rapten (1595–1657), the Dalai Lama's chief steward and treasurer at Drepung, made efforts to overthrow the Ü-Tsang king, which led to another conflict. In 1633, the Gelugpas and several thousand Mongol adherents defeated the Ü-Tsang king's troops near Lhasa before a peaceful negotiation was settled. Goldstein writes that in this the ""Mongols were again playing a significant role in Tibetan affairs, this time as the military arm of the Dalai Lama."" Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet? ",Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet?, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal +" Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe. Dominic's education helped him to overcome who? ",Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?, the Manicheans +"From the facts presented in 'Benji is an upcoming American drama film written, co-produced and directed by Brandon Camp. The film is a reboot of the 1974 film of the same name. It stars Gabriel Bateman and Darby Camp. Jason Blum is serving as a producer through his Blumhouse Productions banner and Universal Pictures is distributing the film.' , decide if the statement: 'The 1974 film Benji is directed by Brandon Camp.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The 1974 film Benji is directed by Brandon Camp.,"{ entailment } The information is that the upcoming film is directed by Brandon Camp, not that the 1974 version was directed by him. I think that system did not identify this distinction." +"Examine the information in 'No reasonable parent or reasonable member of society would say that 10 or 11 year olds who have a choice to make should not be subject to a strong rehabilitative program and a diversionary program so they can recognize what they have done and then behave more successfully and co-operatively in society.' Is the statement: 'parents are very kind to their kids' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",parents are very kind to their kids,"{ contradiction } Parents might indeed be kind to their kids, but this has little to do with the topic statement making it neither correct nor incorrect. I think the vague wording of this statement fooled the model." +"Analyze the premise: '3/9 Motel, Australia's newest wild child of style Already causing a commotion all over its UK homeland, Europe, the US, Japan and Australia, this cult brand has instantly become the must-have brand for fashionistas, musicians and celebrities alike. Georgia Knight' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Australia's newest wild child of style Already causing a commotion all over eight times.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Australia's newest wild child of style Already causing a commotion all over eight times.,{ contradiction } It is not clearly stated in the paragraph. +" The Oeselians or Osilians (Estonian saarlased; singular: saarlane) were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea. They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy's Geography III. The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as Víkingr frá Esthland (Estonian Vikings). Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century. Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships? ",Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships?, Henry of Latvia +" The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title. How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas? ",How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?, one +"Considering the context: 'How to grow gaura
Sow seeds indoors. Plan on starting the seeds indoors five to nine weeks before the date you intend to transfer the seedlings to your outdoor garden. [substeps] For annual varieties, sow the seeds five to six weeks before the anticipated last frost.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Gaura plants like to start inside and then be moved outside once they have been sowed.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Gaura plants like to start inside and then be moved outside once they have been sowed.,{ neutral } Gaura plants have success when sowed inside and then moved outside. The statement gave a more emotional side to it and less a factual confusing AI. +" After the Union of Horodło the Lithuanian nobility acquired equal status with the Polish szlachta, and over time began to become more and more polonized, although they did preserve their national consciousness, and in most cases recognition of their Lithuanian family roots. In the 16th century some of the Lithuanian nobility claimed that they were of Roman extraction, and the Lithuanian language was just a morphed Latin language. This led to paradox: Polish nobility claimed own ancestry from Sarmatian tribes, but Sarmatians were considered enemies to Romans. Thus new Roman-Sarmatian theory was created. Strong cultural ties with Polish nobility led that in the 16th century the new term to name Lithuanian nobility appeared šlėkta—a direct loanword from Polish szlachta. From the view of historical truth Lithuanians also should use this term, šlėkta (szlachta), to name own nobility, but Lithuanian linguists forbade the usage of this Polish loanword. This refusal to use word szlachta (in Lithuanian text šlėkta) complicates all naming. Who forbid the use of the word slekta? ",Who forbid the use of the word slekta?, Lithuanian linguists +" The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European balance of power established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon III, then the emperor of France, demanded compensations in Belgium and on the left bank of the Rhine to secure France's strategic position, which the Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, flatly refused. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of Germany, where it sought to incorporate the southern German kingdoms, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, into a unified Prussia-dominated Germany. France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military. As Prussia sought to incorporated several German kingdoms, what stance did France assume? ","As Prussia sought to incorporated several German kingdoms, what stance did France assume?", strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states +"Analyze the premise: 'Should Bill C-32 be enacted it will provide for the gathering of information for research and the creation of inventories of data, the publishing of objectives, guidelines and codes of practice, new powers for inspectors, investigators and laboratory analysis, many environmental protection alternative measures as well as civil suit action guidelines.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Data will be more easily accessed once this bill is passed.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Data will be more easily accessed once this bill is passed.,{ neutral } It is correct because the bill will allow for inventories of data to be accessed more effectively. The system thinks it could be either correct or incorrect because this is not a certainty. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Once on the train (according to what the channel said was a leaked police statement, aired Tuesday night) a police officer pinned de Menezes down when another officer shot him.' , determine if the claim: 'de Menezes was held down by a different person than who shot him.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",de Menezes was held down by a different person than who shot him.,{ neutral } It said one policeman held him down and the other shot him. My statement is definitely correct. +"Given the detailed context: 'How to travel safely around peru
Prepare yourself for entering into a land where over 90% of the population speaks only spanish. Basic spanish classes are recommended for a full, more confident experience in peru. Travelers can get by without spanish while within their tour groups, but one does miss a lot of the overall experience.', judge whether the statement: 'Learning spanish will make your trip to Peru more enjoyable.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Learning spanish will make your trip to Peru more enjoyable.,"{ neutral } It states that if you do not know spanihs, you will miss out on a lot of the overall experience and therefore your travel will not be as enjoyable." +" Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition. What was the first modern Egyptian novel? ",What was the first modern Egyptian novel?, Zaynab +"Consider the premise in: 'Liar is the third album by Vancouver indie band Fake Shark – Real Zombie!. It was released on February 14, 2013. The album is a bit of direction change for the band, and the first with label, Light Organ Records. Guests include Care Failure of the band Die Mannequin, Jimmy Urine of Mindless Self Indulgence, Steve Bays of Hot Hot Heat, and Henry Rollins.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Jimmy Urine featured as a guest artist on an album released valentines day 2013' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Jimmy Urine featured as a guest artist on an album released valentines day 2013,{ neutral } Jimmy Urine was a guest on the album Liar which was released valentines day 2013 +"From the information in: 'That's fine. And I note that, and that's why I wanted to do this on the record. And I understand that you object to that, and I understand the defendants have interposed not only this objection but they have also argued against that. And to the extent that this really clarifies and reasserts what I have in my prior orders, I think you've preserved your position as it relates to that, and I understand that position.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'I is said twice' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",I is said twice,{ entailment } more than twice +" Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's ""fifty years of prosperity in five"" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated. When did Kubitschek leave office? ",When did Kubitschek leave office?, 1961 +" Another 44 million acres (18 million hectares) are owned by 12 regional, and scores of local, Native corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. Regional Native corporation Doyon, Limited often promotes itself as the largest private landowner in Alaska in advertisements and other communications. Provisions of ANCSA allowing the corporations' land holdings to be sold on the open market starting in 1991 were repealed before they could take effect. Effectively, the corporations hold title (including subsurface title in many cases, a privilege denied to individual Alaskans) but cannot sell the land. Individual Native allotments can be and are sold on the open market, however. Was a law enacted in 1991 allowing corporations to sell land holdings or was it repealed? ",Was a law enacted in 1991 allowing corporations to sell land holdings or was it repealed?, repealed before they could take effect +"With the premise: 'Munich is home to several professional sports teams, including Germany's most popular club, FC Bayern. Further, the city is home to FC Bayern's professional basketball team and a professional hockey team EHC Munich. The Munich area currently has two teams in the Football (Soccer) Bundesliga system, which comprises the two top divisions of German football.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Munich has a need for a hockey team.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Munich has a need for a hockey team.,{ neutral } Munich does not have a need for a hockey team since it already has one. +"Reflect on the information in: 'A suicide attack is an attack in which the attacker or attackers intend to kill others and intend to die in the process (see suicide). In a suicide attack in the strict sense the attacker dies by the attack itself, for example in an explosion or crash caused by the attacker.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The attacker in a suicide attack wants to kill as many people as possible.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The attacker in a suicide attack wants to kill as many people as possible.,{ entailment } The passage didn't talk about them wanting to kill a lot of people... they may want to kill lots or some may just have a few people they want to kill. There is no way to know. +"Given the detailed context: 'Brenda Fricker (born 17 February 1945) is an Irish actress of theatre, film and television. She has appeared in more than 30 films and television roles. In 1989, she became the first Irish actress to win an Oscar, earning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for ""My Left Foot"". As of July 2014, she has tentatively retired from acting.', judge whether the statement: 'Fricker was born in the second month.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Fricker was born in the second month.,{ contradiction } Fricker was born in February. The system was confused by the month. +"Examine the information in 'The Gold Coast Hotel & Casino is a hotel and casino located in Paradise, Nevada. This locals' casino is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. The Gold Coast is located one mile (1.6 km) west of the Las Vegas Strip on West Flamingo Road. It is located across the street from the Palms Casino Resort and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino.' Is the statement: 'Boyd Gaming runs establishments of games of chance.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Boyd Gaming runs establishments of games of chance.,"{ neutral } It operates Casinos, which are de facto establishments of games of chance." +" During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity. Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except in the far southeastern outskirts near the Gulf coast and Galveston. To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the ""most air-conditioned place on earth"". Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000 and August 28, 2011. What weather factor produces a higher heat index? ",What weather factor produces a higher heat index?, humidity +"With the premise: 'Shout Across the River is a stage play, written by Stephen Poliakoff, which premiered at the RSC Donmar Warehouse (at that time called The Warehouse) in London in September 1978. It was directed by Bill Alexander. It featured Gwyneth Strong in the lead role of a troubled eighteen-year-old girl. The cast also included Lynn Farleigh, David Threlfall, Nigel Terry and Andrew Paul.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The youngest character in Shout Across the River is 18 years old.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The youngest character in Shout Across the River is 18 years old.,"{ entailment } Based on the context, there isn't a way to know whether the youngest character is 18 years old. It only states that the lead characters is 18. I think it's difficult for the AI, because the AI doesn't have enough information to understand if this may or may not be true." +"Examine the information in 'Curriculum that works and phonics needs to be an integral part of our reading curriculum. Intensive reading laboratories, teacher retraining. I mean, there needs to be a wholesale effort against racial profiling, which is illiterate children. We can do better in our public schools.' Is the statement: 'if they improve the curriculum then less kids will be illiterate' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",if they improve the curriculum then less kids will be illiterate,"{ neutral } the context is about improving the curriculum to make teachers more effective at reducing illiterate children, So thats they statement I made, just paraphrased the context ." +" Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly doubled between 1882 and 1907; and in the United States, millions of families operated out of home seven days a week, year round to produce garments, shoes, artificial flowers, feathers, match boxes, toys, umbrellas and other products. Children aged 5–14 worked alongside the parents. Home-based operations and child labour in Australia, Britain, Austria and other parts of the world was common. Rural areas similarly saw families deploying their children in agriculture. In 1946, Frieda Miller - then Director of United States Department of Labour - told the International Labour Organisation that these home-based operations offered, ""low wages, long hours, child labour, unhealthy and insanitary working conditions."" What time were home manufactoring activities for children taking place? ",What time were home manufactoring activities for children taking place?, year round +" The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an ""amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious."" Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home ""more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."" How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England? ",How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England?," he returned home ""more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."" " +" While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. What are the two most powerful political parties in the United States? ",What are the two most powerful political parties in the United States?, Democratic Party and the Republican Party +" The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos ""slave,"" which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own languages). The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba صقالبة (sing. Saqlabi صقلبي) by medieval Arab historiographers. However, the origin of this word is disputed. The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word? ",The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?, sclave +"Given the premise: 'The Forum Shops at Caesars (also known as simply The Forum) is a major 636000 sqft shopping mall connected to Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada. Measured in terms of sales per square foot, it is the highest grossing mall in the United States.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Forum is 6,360,000 square feet.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The Forum is 6,360,000 square feet.",{ entailment } The number is very similar to the correct answer (just added a 0). +"Reflect on the information in: 'Oh , Maria , I 've longed for years and years just to hear her sing once more .
It seems as if I MUST hear my little Joscelyn sing once again before I die .
I 've never had the chance before and I never will have it again .
Do please ask William to take me to Kensington . ''
`` Dear me , Aunty Nan , this is really childish , '' said Mrs. William , whisking her bowlful of berries into the pantry .
`` You must let other folks be the judge of what is best for you now .' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mrs. William was born in 1980.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mrs. William was born in 1980.,"{ contradiction } There is no information in the context as to what years are involved, so logically it cannot be said for certain whether or not the person named was born in 1980." +" The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon followed by intense thunderstorms and rainfall, which can cause flash floods. The evening sky at this time of year is often pierced with dramatic lightning strikes. Large areas of the city do not have storm sewers, so monsoon rains flood the main thoroughfares, usually for no longer than a few hours. A few underpasses in Tucson have ""feet of water"" scales painted on their supports to discourage fording by automobiles during a rainstorm. Arizona traffic code Title 28-910, the so-called ""Stupid Motorist Law"", was instituted in 1995 to discourage people from entering flooded roadways. If the road is flooded and a barricade is in place, motorists who drive around the barricade can be charged up to $2000 for costs involved in rescuing them. Despite all warnings and precautions, however, three Tucson drivers have drowned between 2004 and 2010. What is the legal name of the ""Stupid Motorist Law""? ","What is the legal name of the ""Stupid Motorist Law""?", Arizona traffic code Title 28-910 +" The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled. On February 20, a 30,000-strong crowd demonstrated in Theater Square, by February 22, there were 100,000, the next day 300,000, and a transport strike was declared, by February 25, there were close to 1 million demonstrators – about a quarter of Armenia's population. This was the first of the large, peaceful public demonstrations that would become a feature of communism's overthrow in Prague, Berlin, and, ultimately, Moscow. Leading Armenian intellectuals and nationalists, including future first President of independent Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian, formed the eleven-member Karabakh Committee to lead and organize the new movement. What sort of strike was called? ",What sort of strike was called?, transport +"Given the context: 'Thomas ""Tommy"" Lucchese (pronounced ] ; born Gaetano Lucchese, December 1, 1899 – July 13, 1967) was a Sicilian-born American gangster and founding member of the Mafia in the United States, an offshoot of the ""Cosa Nostra"" in Sicily. From 1951 until 1967, he was the boss of the Lucchese crime family, one of the Five Families that dominates organized crime in New York City.' , classify the statement: 'Thomas ""Tommy"" Lucchese is an american because he was born in Sicily.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Thomas ""Tommy"" Lucchese is an american because he was born in Sicily.","{ entailment } People born in Sicily are not americans, but they can emigrate to American and become American by going through a process. Therefore Thomas ""Tommy"" Lucchese did not became American because he was born in Sicily. " +"From the information in: 'How to edit music on mac
Open garageband. It's the app that has an image of a guitar and amp. The first time you open garageband, it may need to download a collection of sounds and loops.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Garageband only works on an android' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Garageband only works on an android,{ contradiction } The context does not state either one.. +" Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur. Who sent missionaries to China? ",Who sent missionaries to China?, Ashoka +" In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania). On the other hand, the Estonian political system, its flat rate of income tax, and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model, and indeed from many other European countries. What government institution did Estonia continue to show desire in joining? ",What government institution did Estonia continue to show desire in joining?, the Nordic Council +"Given the context: 'USS ""PC-1168"" was a ""PC-461""-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War II. ""PC-1168"" is notable for being the ship on which the film ""You're in the Navy Now"", which starred Gary Cooper, was filmed in 1950. The ship was later transferred to the Republic of China Navy, serving from 1954 to 1970 as ROCS ""Ching Kiang"" (PC-116).' , classify the statement: 'USS ""PC-1168 saw action in WW2' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","USS ""PC-1168 saw action in WW2",{ neutral } was used in ww2 +"From the facts presented in 'Who could claim, without raising an eyebrow, that this system is truly equitable, transparent and accessible, a system that allows corporations, which do not have the right to vote, to meddle in the electoral process by making contributions far beyond the capability of the ordinary voter, and thus unduly influencing the political policy of the parties and the candidates seeking votes?' , decide if the statement: 'the candidates seeking votes dont want any pets' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",the candidates seeking votes dont want any pets,"{ contradiction } It is not something to discern, whether they want pets or not" +" From 2000 to 2009, the AFL had its own developmental league, the af2. The AFL played 22 seasons from 1987 to 2008; internal issues caused the league to cancel its 2009 season, though the af2 did play. Later that year both the AFL and af2 were dissolved and reorganized as a new corporation comprising teams from both leagues, and the AFL returned in 2010. The Arena Football League has its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. In what city and state is the Arena Football League based? ",In what city and state is the Arena Football League based?," Chicago, Illinois " +" Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel also enjoyed success in the AC charts. Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts? ",Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?, 1980s +" In the late 1980s, according to ""Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine"", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software. Who else worked with Feynman on developing computers? ",Who else worked with Feynman on developing computers?, His son Carl +"Examine the premise: 'Jana Brejchová (born 20 January 1940) is a Czech film actress. She has appeared in more than 70 films since 1953. She was married to director Miloš Forman and later actor Vlastimil Brodský. Her younger sister, Hana is also an actress who appeared in Miloš Forman films: ""Loves of a Blonde"" and ""Amadeus"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Jana Brejchova was aborn in 1953.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Jana Brejchova was aborn in 1953.,{ entailment } Jana was born in 1940 +"Given the detailed context: '""Drivin' Around Song"" is a song recorded by American country rap singer Colt Ford and country music singer Jason Aldean. It is the third single from his fourth studio album, ""Declaration of Independence"". The song was written by Chris Tompkins and Craig Wiseman.', judge whether the statement: 'The song was written by someone with a first name not starting with a C' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The song was written by someone with a first name not starting with a C,{ entailment } Both of the writers' first names begin with C +"Considering the context: 'Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė (English: King Mindaugas Cup) is an annual basketball competition of Lithuanian basketball teams. It is organised by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation (Lietuvos krepšinio federacija – LKF) and the Lithuanian Basketball League (Lietuvos krepšinio lyga – LKL). The tournament is named in honor of Mindaugas, the first King of Lithuania.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė is played in several countries ot her than Lithuanian and is popular in Asian countries' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė is played in several countries ot her than Lithuanian and is popular in Asian countries,{ contradiction } We do not know if it is popular outside of Lithuania and if it is popular in Asian countries. +" After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon. Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signalled the end of Antigonid power in Greece. In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate. The end of Antigonid rule began in what year? ",The end of Antigonid rule began in what year?, 168 BC +" The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital. When was the Han Dynasty? ",When was the Han Dynasty?, 206 BCE - 220 CE +" According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus, with nineteen justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws. How many judges are on Estonia's supreme court? ",How many judges are on Estonia's supreme court?, nineteen +" The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does not grow in size much during adolescence. However, the creases in the brain continue to become more complex until the late teens. The biggest changes in the folds of the brain during this time occur in the parts of the cortex that process cognitive and emotional information. Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty? ",Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty?, not +"Examine the information in 'Internet Provider Security (IPS) tags are used by domain registrar to administer a domain name registration service and related Domain Name System (DNS) services. An IPS tag is the label that applies to each registrar that registers domains in the country-code top level domain ""uk"" and is required to transfer domain names from one registrar to another.' Is the statement: ' ""zd"" is a country-code top level domain.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion."," ""zd"" is a country-code top level domain.","{ contradiction } We do not know if ""zd"" is a country-code top level domain. If ""uk"" os, then ""zd"" might very well be, or it might not, we just do not know. Therefore, the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that international friendlies mostly take place during club league seasons, not between them. This has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly. What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies? ",What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies?," availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued " +"Considering the context: 'Erik Skoglund (born 24 May 1991) is a Swedish professional boxer. He currently holds the WBA International light heavyweight title. As of December 2016, he is ranked #12 in the world at light heavyweight. He previously held the IBO International light heavyweight title, the IBF Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight title, and the EBU-EU light heavyweight title which he defended three times.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Erik Skoglund was in his middle twenties when he was ranked #12 in the world at light heavyweight.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Erik Skoglund was in his middle twenties when he was ranked #12 in the world at light heavyweight.,{ contradiction } He was about 25 when ranked #12 in the world at light heavyweight.... so it is correct that he was in his middle twenties. +" There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10] How many universities are in Switzerland? ",How many universities are in Switzerland?, 12 +" Vinyl records do not break easily, but the soft material is easily scratched. Vinyl readily acquires a static charge, attracting dust that is difficult to remove completely. Dust and scratches cause audio clicks and pops. In extreme cases, they can cause the needle to skip over a series of grooves, or worse yet, cause the needle to skip backwards, creating a ""locked groove"" that repeats over and over. This is the origin of the phrase ""like a broken record"" or ""like a scratched record"", which is often used to describe a person or thing that continually repeats itself. Locked grooves are not uncommon and were even heard occasionally in radio broadcasts. What is the cause of lock grooves on vinyl records? ",What is the cause of lock grooves on vinyl records?, Dust and scratches +" T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age. How old was he when he was consecrated? ",How old was he when he was consecrated?, thirty years of age. +" Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections. More recent observations made in the laboratory of antibiosis between microorganisms led to the discovery of natural antibacterials produced by microorganisms. Louis Pasteur observed, ""if we could intervene in the antagonism observed between some bacteria, it would offer perhaps the greatest hopes for therapeutics"". The term 'antibiosis', meaning ""against life"", was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs. Antibiosis was first described in 1877 in bacteria when Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch observed that an airborne bacillus could inhibit the growth of Bacillus anthracis. These drugs were later renamed antibiotics by Selman Waksman, an American microbiologist, in 1942. Synthetic antibiotic chemotherapy as a science and development of antibacterials began in Germany with Paul Ehrlich in the late 1880s. Ehrlich noted certain dyes would color human, animal, or bacterial cells, whereas others did not. He then proposed the idea that it might be possible to create chemicals that would act as a selective drug that would bind to and kill bacteria without harming the human host. After screening hundreds of dyes against various organisms, in 1907, he discovered a medicinally useful drug, the synthetic antibacterial salvarsan now called arsphenamine. What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections? ",What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections?, medicinal folklore +"Examine the information in 'One economic study will not be the basis of Canada's public policy decisions, but Easton's research does conclusively show that there are economic benefits in the legalization of marijuana.' Is the statement: 'This study will be taken seriously' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",This study will be taken seriously,"{ contradiction } This statement fits into the neither category, because while know the info in this study is conclusive, without other studies to back it up, we do not yet know how seriously its results will be taken. The system may have taken the first phrase of the context to mean that the study will not be taken seriously." +" PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStation 3's that have been activated using a user's PlayStation Network ID. PlayStation 3 also limits the transfer of copy protected videos downloaded from its store to other machines and states that copy protected video ""may not restore correctly"" following certain actions after making a backup such as downloading a new copy protected movie. What identifier allows a player to activate a PlayStation 3? ",What identifier allows a player to activate a PlayStation 3?, PlayStation Network ID +" The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries. What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU? ",What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU?, agricultural +" Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by the surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation. What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation? ",What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation?, ceruloplasmin +" There is a theory that vinyl records can audibly represent higher frequencies than compact discs. According to Red Book specifications, the compact disc has a frequency response of 20 Hz up to 22,050 Hz, and most CD players measure flat within a fraction of a decibel from at least 20 Hz to 20 kHz at full output. Turntable rumble obscures the low-end limit of vinyl but the upper end can be, with some cartridges, reasonably flat within a few decibels to 30 kHz, with gentle roll-off. Carrier signals of Quad LPs popular in the 1970s were at 30 kHz to be out of the range of human hearing. The average human auditory system is sensitive to frequencies from 20 Hz to a maximum of around 20,000 Hz. The upper and lower frequency limits of human hearing vary per person. Does the hearing range of the human vary? ",Does the hearing range of the human vary?, The upper and lower frequency limits of human hearing vary per person +" The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa: When was the edict written? ",When was the edict written?, after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court +" The Pacific War saw the Allied powers pitted against the Empire of Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by its Axis allies, Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces, accompanied by the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on 8 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal and official surrender of Japan took place aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan. What cities were destroyed by atom bombs? ",What cities were destroyed by atom bombs?, Hiroshima and Nagasaki +" The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7). KUHF is news/talk radio and KUHA is a classical music station. The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston. What type of radio station is KUHA? ",What type of radio station is KUHA?, classical music +"Reflect on the information in: 'Diablo is a 2015 Canadian-American psychological western film co-written and directed by Lawrence Roeck and starring Scott Eastwood, Walton Goggins, Camilla Belle and Danny Glover. It was the first Western starring Eastwood, the son of Western icon Clint Eastwood.' . Does the hypothesis: 'It was the last western starring Eastwood' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",It was the last western starring Eastwood,{ neutral } i just changed one word of the context +"Using the premise: 'Junun is a 2015 album by the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur, the English composer and Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood, and the Indian ensemble the Rajasthan Express. It was produced by Greenwood and recorded, mixed, and engineered by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur will neither nor always be remembered the album Junun.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur will neither nor always be remembered the album Junun.,{ contradiction } It’s not certain that Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur will neither nor always be remembered the album Junun. +" From the 17th through 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an ""ideology of race"". According to this ideology, races are primordial, natural, enduring and distinct. It was further argued that some groups may be the result of mixture between formerly distinct populations, but that careful study could distinguish the ancestral races that had combined to produce admixed groups. Subsequent influential classifications by Georges Buffon, Petrus Camper and Christoph Meiners all classified ""Negros"" as inferior to Europeans. In the United States the racial theories of Thomas Jefferson were influential. He saw Africans as inferior to Whites especially in regards to their intellect, and imbued with unnatural sexual appetites, but described Native Americans as equals to whites. What were races considered to be, according to the ideology of race? ","What were races considered to be, according to the ideology of race?"," primordial, natural, enduring and distinct " +"With the given context: 'The Tony Award for Best Director was one of the original 11 awards given in 1947 when the Tony Awards originated. The award was presented until 1960 when it was split into two categories: Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play and Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Tony Award for Best Director was only awarded for 13 years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Tony Award for Best Director was only awarded for 13 years.,{ contradiction } The award was only awarded from 1947 to 1960 which is 13 years. The system could not make that calculation. +" Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي‎ Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the ""Brotherly Leader"" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010. What political ideology did Gaddafi create? ",What political ideology did Gaddafi create?, Third International Theory +"Analyze the premise: '""No, we don't get any business from beach traffic,"" said Butler, whose Men's Shop is located in a small strip mall behind Krispy Kreme on Palmetto.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The traffic isn't good.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The traffic isn't good.,{ neutral } There isn't a lot fo beach traffic. +"With the given context: 'Admiral Edward Stafford Fitzherbert, 13th Baron Stafford, KCB (17 April 1864 – 28 September 1941) was an English peer, holding the title Baron Stafford. He was also a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Admiral Edward Stafford Fitzherbert was a Navy officer in great Britains naval forces' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Admiral Edward Stafford Fitzherbert was a Navy officer in great Britains naval forces,"{ neutral } The context clearly states that he was a Royal Navy officer, the system probably got confused since i used great britain instead of england" +" Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a ""translating device"" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt. What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity? ",What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity?, Thunderbolt +" Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers. What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park? ",What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?, $350 million +"Examine the information in 'Iehiro Tokugawa (徳川家広 and 德川家廣 , Tokugawa Iehiro ) (born February 7, 1965) is an author, translator, and the heir of the main Tokugawa house. Members of his Tokugawa clan ruled Japan as Shoguns from 1603 to 1867. His great-great-grandfather was the famed Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu, and his maternal great-great-grandfather was Tokugawa Iesato, the sixteenth head of the Tokugawa clan.' Is the statement: 'Iehiro Tokugawa is currently 54 years old.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Iehiro Tokugawa is currently 54 years old.,"{ contradiction } If Iehiro Tokugawa was born on February 7, 1965, then that would mean that he is currently 54 years old." +" According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia. How many Buddists are outside of Asia? ",How many Buddists are outside of Asia?, Seven million +"Examine the premise: 'Far from the Madding Crowd is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and starring Carey Mulligan, Matthias Schoenaerts, Michael Sheen, Tom Sturridge and Juno Temple. It is an adaptation of the 1874 novel of the same name by Thomas Hardy, the fourth time this novel has been filmed.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Far from the Madding Crowd is a scary movie' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Far from the Madding Crowd is a scary movie,{ neutral } its a romantic film not horror +" The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these ""two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent"" and ""rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts"" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now ""firmly established"" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified. Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened? ",Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?, the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be +"Based on the details provided in: 'Tappi Tíkarrass was an Icelandic punk band which added elements of funk, rock and jazz to their music, marking a difference from other traditional bands at that time. The band is also considered the first serious music project of now renowned singer Björk Guðmundsdóttir.' , determine if the claim: 'Tappi Tíkarrass never once performed outside of Iceland.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tappi Tíkarrass never once performed outside of Iceland.,{ contradiction } Tappi Tíkarrass performed pop music. +" The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who were not in an animal-assisted program. Children who have ADHD or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan? ",Children who have ADHD or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan?, dogs +"With the given context: 'Anna Pihl is a Danish police drama produced by TV2. The series stars Charlotte Munck (""Kongekabale"") as the title character Anna Pihl, Peter Mygind, and Iben Hjejle (""High Fidelity"" and ""Blinkende Lygter"") as Mikala. Three seasons have been produced between 2006 and 2008, each having 10 episodes.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Only a few seasons of the show were made over the course of two years' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Only a few seasons of the show were made over the course of two years,"{ contradiction } Its states the show had three, which means several, seasons between 2006-2008" +"Given the premise: 'Makkari ( ), formerly known as Hurricane and Mercury, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a member of the Eternals, a race of superhumans in the Marvel Universe. He was created by writer-artist Jack Kirby in the 1976-1978 comic book series ""The Eternals"", where the name was spelled Makarri.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Jack Kirby didn't come up with the character Makkari in 1979.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Jack Kirby didn't come up with the character Makkari in 1979.,{ contradiction } He was created by writer-artist Jack Kirby in the 1976-1978 comic book series which precedes 1979. THe system must not have understood the dates sequence. +"Given the detailed context: 'La Cygne (pronounced ""luh SEEN"") is a city situated along the Marais des Cygnes River in the northeast part of Linn County, located in East Central Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,149. The city is named after the Marais des Cygnes River which is a French translation of an Osage appellation meaning ""marsh of the swans"".', judge whether the statement: 'La Cygne is a French city.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",La Cygne is a French city.,{ neutral } La Cygne is located in Central United States. +"With the given context: 'She flew to Los Angeles last week, after her 74-year-old mother had a stroke, but is expected to return to Texas in a few days.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'She flew to LA last week, then her mother had a stroke,' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","She flew to LA last week, then her mother had a stroke,","{ entailment } Reversing the events fooled the model; individually, each event happened." +"Consider the premise in: 'Manuel Romeo (September 21, 1891 – October 3, 1954 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine film director, screenwriter, dramatist and score composer, and one of the influential directors in the cinema of Argentina of the classic era. He directed and wrote over films between 1931 and 1951 even composing the musical scores for several.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Manuel Romeo wrote films when he was 40' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Manuel Romeo wrote films when he was 40,{ neutral } He was 40 in 1931. Human language +"Consider the premise in: 'Living on the Edge (full title Living on the Edge, the Poetic Works of Gérald Leblanc also known by its French language title L'extrême frontière, l'oeuvre poétique de Gérald Leblanc) is a 2005 documentary film by Canadian director of Acadian origin Rodrigue Jean. In this documentary, Rodrigue Jean pays tribute to his Acadian roots, focussing on the poetry of Gérald Leblanc.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Living on the Edge is also known by it's title in a Romance language.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Living on the Edge is also known by it's title in a Romance language.,"{ contradiction } It's also known by it's title in French, which is a Romance language." +" In 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs in the Mediterranean, and the bulk of its army was stationed in the east. The Rus’ burned towns, churches, and monasteries, butchering the people and amassing booty. The emperor arranged for a small group of retired ships to be outfitted with Greek fire throwers and sent them out to meet the Rus’, luring them into surrounding the contingent before unleashing the Greek fire. Liutprand of Cremona wrote that ""the Rus', seeing the flames, jumped overboard, preferring water to fire. Some sank, weighed down by the weight of their breastplates and helmets; others caught fire."" Those captured were beheaded. The ploy dispelled the Rus’ fleet, but their attacks continued into the hinterland as far as Nicomedia, with many atrocities reported as victims were crucified and set up for use as targets. At last a Byzantine army arrived from the Balkans to drive the Rus' back, and a naval contingent reportedly destroyed much of the Rus' fleet on its return voyage (possibly an exaggeration since the Rus' soon mounted another attack). The outcome indicates increased military might by Byzantium since 911, suggesting a shift in the balance of power. How large was the fleet that attacked the Bithynian coast along with the Pecheneg allies? ",How large was the fleet that attacked the Bithynian coast along with the Pecheneg allies?," 10,000 vessels " +"Examine the information in 'We were very poor -- but we did n't mind .
Father was so splendid -- so clever and loving and sympathetic .
We were chums as far back as I can remember .
And mother was so sweet .
She was very , very beautiful .
I look like her , but I am not so beautiful as she was . ''
`` Miss Cornelia says you are far more beautiful . ''
`` She is mistaken -- or prejudiced .
I think my figure IS better -- mother was slight and bent by hard work -- but she had the face of an angel .
I used just to look up at her in worship .' Is the statement: 'Being poor will be the fate of the family forever' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Being poor will be the fate of the family forever,{ contradiction } Just because the family is poor now does not mean that they'll be poor in the future. Still there's a strong possibility that they'll be poor putting this in the neither correct nor incorrect category. The model was probably confused by the vague and strange sentence structure. +" The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s. What was in use along the canal ",What was in use along the canal , several tramways +" The Xbox 360's advantage over its competitors was due to the release of high profile titles from both first party and third party developers. The 2007 Game Critics Awards honored the platform with 38 nominations and 12 wins – more than any other platform. By March 2008, the Xbox 360 had reached a software attach rate of 7.5 games per console in the US; the rate was 7.0 in Europe, while its competitors were 3.8 (PS3) and 3.5 (Wii), according to Microsoft. At the 2008 Game Developers Conference, Microsoft announced that it expected over 1,000 games available for Xbox 360 by the end of the year. As well as enjoying exclusives such as additions to the Halo franchise and Gears of War, the Xbox 360 has managed to gain a simultaneous release of titles that were initially planned to be PS3 exclusives, including Devil May Cry, Ace Combat, Virtua Fighter, Grand Theft Auto IV, Final Fantasy XIII, Tekken 6, Metal Gear Solid : Rising, and L.A. Noire. In addition, Xbox 360 versions of cross-platform games were generally considered superior to their PS3 counterparts in 2006 and 2007, due in part to the difficulties of programming for the PS3. What was the software attach rate in the US for the 360 by March of 2008? ",What was the software attach rate in the US for the 360 by March of 2008?, 7.5 games per console in the US +" The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some people even told government surveyors that they enjoyed air raids if they occurred occasionally, perhaps once a week. Despite the attacks, defeat in Norway and France, and the threat of invasion, overall morale remained high; a Gallup poll found only 3% of Britons expected to lose the war in May 1940, another found an 88% approval rating for Churchill in July, and a third found 89% support for his leadership in October. Support for peace negotiations declined from 29% in February. Each setback caused more civilians to volunteer to become unpaid Local Defence Volunteers, workers worked longer shifts and over weekends, contributions rose to the £5,000 ""Spitfire Funds"" to build fighters, and the number of work days lost to strikes in 1940 was the lowest in history.:60–63,67–68,75,78–79,215–216 What drink was never rationed? ",What drink was never rationed?, beer +"Using the premise: 'Agnotherium is an extinct genus of large terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, family Amphicyonidae (""bear dog""), and which inhabited Europe and North Africa from the Early Miocene subepoch to the Middle Miocene subepoch 16.9—11.6 Mya, existing for approximately .' , decide if the conclusion: 'Species of the Agnotherium genus mostly ate plants.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Species of the Agnotherium genus mostly ate plants.,"{ neutral } It's definitely incorrect because it says they were carnivores, so they ate mostly meat. It's difficult for the system because analyzing this requires a complex understanding of what it means to be a carnivore and the implications of it." +" In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Thus predation is often, though not always, carnivory. Other categories of consumption are herbivory (eating parts of plants), fungivory (eating parts of fungi), and detritivory (the consumption of dead organic material (detritus)). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of consumer-resource systems. It can often be difficult to separate various types of feeding behaviors. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the ""donor"" organism(s). What term is given to the biological interaction where a predator feeds upon prey? ",What term is given to the biological interaction where a predator feeds upon prey?, predation +" The neighbourhood of Thamel is Kathmandu's primary ""traveller's ghetto"", packed with guest houses, restaurants, shops, and bookstores, catering to tourists. Another neighbourhood of growing popularity is Jhamel, a name for Jhamsikhel coined to rhyme with Thamel. Jhochhen Tol, also known as Freak Street, is Kathmandu's original traveler's haunt, made popular by the hippies of the 1960s and 1970s; it remains a popular alternative to Thamel. Asan is a bazaar and ceremonial square on the old trade route to Tibet, and provides a fine example of a traditional neighbourhood. What Kathmandu neighborhood is noted for its abundance of tourists? ",What Kathmandu neighborhood is noted for its abundance of tourists?, Thamel +" The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage. Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage? ","Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?", first +" Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College. What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? ",What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?, Plymouth College +" Trade secret misappropriation is different from violations of other intellectual property laws, since by definition trade secrets are secret, while patents and registered copyrights and trademarks are publicly available. In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universally adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The United States also has federal law in the form of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1839), which makes the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret a federal crime. This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity. The first, 18 U.S.C. § 1831(a), criminalizes the theft of trade secrets to benefit foreign powers. The second, 18 U.S.C. § 1832, criminalizes their theft for commercial or economic purposes. (The statutory penalties are different for the two offenses.) In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right but penalties for theft are roughly the same as the United States.[citation needed] Which type of intellectual property is secret? ",Which type of intellectual property is secret?, trade secrets +" Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines. These services are usually reserved for what class of passengers? ",These services are usually reserved for what class of passengers?, First and Business class +" The high points of this cultural creativity are magnificent architecture, sculpture, and painting. The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma, and Vatsyayana who made great advancements in many academic fields. The Gupta period marked a watershed of Indian culture: the Guptas performed Vedic sacrifices to legitimize their rule, but they also patronized Buddhism, which continued to provide an alternative to Brahmanical orthodoxy. The military exploits of the first three rulers – Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II - brought much of India under their leadership. Science and political administration reached new heights during the Gupta era. Strong trade ties also made the region an important cultural centre and established it as a base that would influence nearby kingdoms and regions in Burma, Sri Lanka, Maritime Southeast Asia, and Indochina. For these reasons, historian Dr.Barnett remarked: Besides the Vedic practices, what other religion did the Guptas patronize? ","Besides the Vedic practices, what other religion did the Guptas patronize?", Buddhism +" In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya (""state of the masses""). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of ""international pariah"". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants. Name two significant events in 1986 that demonstrated the world's view of Libya. ",Name two significant events in 1986 that demonstrated the world's view of Libya., U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions +"Using the premise: 'Mon Colle Knights, known as Six Gates Far Away Mon Colle Knight (Japanese: 六門天外モンコレナイト , Hepburn: Rokumon Tengai Mon Kore Naito ) in Japan, is an anime and manga series. The original concept was made by Hitoshi Yasuda and Group SNE. The series is based on the Monster Collection trading card game.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Monster Collection was a driving force, or muse, behind the creation of an Asian TV and manga' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Monster Collection was a driving force, or muse, behind the creation of an Asian TV and manga",{ neutral } Monster Collection was the driving force behind the creature of japanese (asian) anime (tv) & manga +" All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: ""To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla."" This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirmidhi, 3713;[citation needed] as well as Ibn Maajah, 121;[citation needed] etc. The major point of conflict between the Sunni and the Shia is in the interpretation of the word 'Mawla'. For the Shia the word means 'Lord and Master' and has the same elevated significance as when the term had been used to address Muhammad himself during his lifetime. Thus, when Muhammad actually (by speech) and physically (by way of having his closest companions including Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman [the three future Caliphs who had preceded Ali as Caliph] publicly accept Ali as their Lord and Master by taking Ali's hand in both of theirs as token of their allegiance to Ali) transferred this title and manner of addressing Ali as the Mawla for all Muslims at Ghadiri Khum Oasis just a few months before his death, the people that came to look upon Ali as Muhammad's immediate successor even before Muhamamd's death came to be known as the Shia. However, for the Sunnis the word simply means the 'beloved' or the 'revered' and has no other significance at all. How many books can this quote be found? ",How many books can this quote be found?, 45 +"From the facts presented in 'How to become one with yourself
Do some positive thinking. A person who is a negative thinker is lead towards trying to be somebody else. This may be because they want to impress their friends or because they don't see purpose in themselves.' , decide if the statement: 'Lack of purpose can lead to a lack of authenticity.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Lack of purpose can lead to a lack of authenticity.,{ neutral } This definitely correct as the context implies that not seeing a purpose in oneself is related to trying to be someone else. The system may not have made this connection because of the way this relayed in the context. +" Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School. When was the Yale School of Medicine established? ",When was the Yale School of Medicine established?, 1810 +" With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period. What did The City of God change? ",What did The City of God change?, the borders between what was religious and what was political +" Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. When was the second constitutional convention held? ",When was the second constitutional convention held?, 1884 +" According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups. In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim? ","In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?", about 50% +"From the facts presented in 'World of Hell (or simply WoH) was a grey hat computer hacker group that claims to be responsible for several high profile attacks in the year 2001. It gained attention due to its high profile targets and the lighthearted messages it has posted in the aftermath of its attacks.' , decide if the statement: 'A hacker group targeted important computer systems' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",A hacker group targeted important computer systems,{ neutral } A hacker group (WoH) necessarily targets important computer systems and exploits their weaknesses to gain access. +"From the facts presented in 'The current President of Brazilian Central Bank, Henrique Meirelles, is accused of financial fraud among other accusations.' , decide if the statement: 'The President of Brazilian Central Bank admitted guilt as accused of financial fraud among other accusations.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The President of Brazilian Central Bank admitted guilt as accused of financial fraud among other accusations.,{ neutral } Henrique accused others of financial fraud among other accusations. +"Examine the information in '""Se Telefonando"" is a song performed by the Italian singer Mina, released in May 1966. The music was composed, orchestrated and conducted by Ennio Morricone to Italian lyrics by Di Chiara and Costanzo. (Reportedly Costanzo only contributed one word, in editing a previous version of a verse, to avoid censorship). The song was written for a radio broadcast, called “Aria condizionata”.' Is the statement: 'Aria condizionata was the reason Se Telefonando was made' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Aria condizionata was the reason Se Telefonando was made,"{ neutral } Se Telefonando was written for Aria condizionata, Aria condizionata was the reason for writing the song. Flipping the key words in reverse order may have made it difficult for the system" +" By the late 2000s, Dell's ""configure to order"" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland. What plant did Dell close in Texas? ",What plant did Dell close in Texas?, Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center +"Consider the premise in: 'How to write a korean song
Learn the language. Get rid of any thoughts such as "" ah, man! Why does it has to be the language first? ! "". In order to make a korean or any asian type song, you must know the language.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'These songs might need you to learn a new language.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",These songs might need you to learn a new language.,{ neutral } Learning a new language will help you. +" In 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state schools, and authorised implementation of the Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC) in private-run madaris. While there are state-recognised Islamic schools, such as Ibn Siena Integrated School in the Islamic City of Marawi, Sarang Bangun LC in Zamboanga and SMIE in Jolo, their Islamic studies programmes initially varied in application and content. When did madaris become more accepted in Mindanao? ",When did madaris become more accepted in Mindanao?, 2004 +"Using the premise: 'Among the changes made to CEPA, Bill C-32 includes the provision to implement pollution prevention, new procedures for the investigation and assessment of substances and new requirements for toxicity assessments, new provisions respecting fuels, international air and water pollution, motor emissions, federal and aboriginal land protection, the proper disposal of wastes and other matters at sea and the safer export and import of waste.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Bill C-32 will damage the oceans.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Bill C-32 will damage the oceans.,"{ neutral } Bill C-32 affects removing pollution from oceans, so it cannot damage them." +" The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, ""heading"" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position. A ball cannot be received in what type of position? ",A ball cannot be received in what type of position?, offside +" Maintaining continuity with his predecessors, John XXIII continued the gradual reform of the Roman liturgy, and published changes that resulted in the 1962 Roman Missal, the last typical edition containing the Tridentine Mass established in 1570 by Pope Pius V at the request of the Council of Trent and whose continued use Pope Benedict XVI authorized in 2007, under the conditions indicated in his motu proprio Summorum Pontificum. In response to the directives of the Second Vatican Council, later editions of the Roman Missal present the 1970 form of the Roman Rite. Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year? ",Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year?, 2007 +" The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports that could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. In its most damning assessment, the report concluded that the country had ""not been well served"" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI. While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes. Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes? ",Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes?, resisting any meaningful changes +" The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake ""prediction"" is possible. What is not an established science? ",What is not an established science?, Earthquake prediction +"Considering the context: 'Hit Parader was an American music magazine that operated between 1942 and 2008. A monthly publication, it was a general popular music title until the 1980s, when its focus turned to the genres of hard rock and heavy metal. The magazine reached its peak during the 1980s as heavy metal music achieved high levels of popularity and commercial success.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Hit Parader operated for 80 years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Hit Parader operated for 80 years,{ neutral } It did not operate that long. It doesn't do the math +"From the facts presented in 'CAIRO — Egypt's Interior Ministry says a man was killed and three members of his family were injured when a device exploded while he was cleaning up his backyard in a leafy Cairo suburb. The police didn't elaborate on whether the device is a bomb and they could not specify what exactly triggered the blast on Friday. The ministry says the blast occurred in the southern residential suburb of Maadi that is also home to many diplomatic residences in the Egyptian capital. The statement added that security forces have cordoned off the area. No further details were immediately available.' , decide if the statement: 'The bomb was set off by an animal.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The bomb was set off by an animal.,{ contradiction } It isn't known how the bomb was triggered. +"Given the premise: 'Binge
Ron hadn't lived near a big store for a long time. The first thing he did was buy a lot of ice cream. He binged out and ate it all in one sitting. Ron felt very sick for days after that. He swore to have more self-discipline no matter how close a store was.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ron looked forward to getting more ice cream tomorrow.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Ron looked forward to getting more ice cream tomorrow.,{ neutral } Ron vowed to not get it again because he felt sick. +"Given the premise: 'Akka (Tamil: அக்கா ) (English: Sister ) is a Tamil soap opera aired on Jaya TV. The show premiered on 15 September 2014 and aired Monday through Friday at 8:30PM IST. The Show Stars by Kausalya, Nithya Das, Feroz Khan and Akhila in lead roles. The show last aired on 9 April 2015 and ended with 143 episodes.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Akka was on six days a week.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Akka was on six days a week.,"{ entailment } It said it was on Monday through Friday which is five days a week, not 6." +" The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I. What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war? ",What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?, France and Prussia +"Analyze the premise: 'How to stop wheezing
Keep your living environment clean. Removing irritants from the air you breathe can stop wheezing and associated difficulties caused by external sources, so you should keep the air in both your living and working environment as clean as possible. [substeps] Dust, sweep, and vacuum your home and office regularly.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Dust and other irritants cause wheezing.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Dust and other irritants cause wheezing.,"{ neutral } If we are taking the inverse of what the text is stating, then yes - wheezing can be caused by pollutants in the air." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Andy Borowitz (born January 4, 1958) is an American writer, comedian, satirist, and actor. Borowitz is a ""New York Times""-bestselling author who won the first National Press Club award for humor. He is known for creating ""The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air"" and the satirical column ""The Borowitz Report"". In a profile on ""CBS News Sunday Morning"", he was called ""one of the funniest people in America"".' , determine if the claim: 'Andy Borowitz was born on the 4th' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Andy Borowitz was born on the 4th,"{ neutral } It is stated that Andy Borowitz was born January 4, 1958 and I just stated the day. I think it was hard for the system because it couldn't recognize only the day." +" Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Kant commits an agnostic tautology and does not offer a satisfactory answer as to the source of a philosophical right to such-or-other metaphysical claims; he ridicules his pride in tackling ""the most difficult thing that could ever be undertaken on behalf of metaphysics."" The famous ""thing-in-itself"" was called a product of philosophical habit, which seeks to introduce a grammatical subject: because wherever there is cognition, there must be a thing that is cognized and allegedly it must be added to ontology as a being (whereas, to Nietzsche, only the world as ever changing appearances can be assumed). Yet he attacks the idealism of Schopenhauer and Descartes with an argument similar to Kant's critique of the latter (see above). Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology? ",Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology?, Friedrich Nietzsche +"Considering the context: 'Lara Gilchrist (7 January 1982 in Medicine Hat, Alberta) is a Canadian actress who voiced the role of Susan Storm (Invisible Woman) in the Cartoon Network's animated TV show """". She also provided the voice for the character Angela in the movie ""Braver"", and has appeared in TV shows such as ""Smallville"" and ""Battlestar Galactica"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Lara Gilchrist has not been involved in more than three shows.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Lara Gilchrist has not been involved in more than three shows.,"{ neutral } The passage listed four different shows she was involved in , so my statement that she wasn't involved in more than three has to be wrong. " +"With the given context: 'Out of Gas
Tom was driving around. His gas needle didn't go down. Tom didn't realize something was wrong. Eventually his car broke down. Tom re filled and fixed the gauge.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Adding fuel to the car fixed the gauge.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Adding fuel to the car fixed the gauge.,{ entailment } Adding fuel to the car and fixing the gauge were two separate tasks performed by Tom. +" The Pala Empire (Bengali: পাল সাম্রাজ্য Pal Samrajyô) flourished during the Classical period of India, and may be dated during 750–1174 CE. Founded by Gopala I, it was ruled by a Buddhist dynasty from Bengal in the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. Though the Palas were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism, they also patronised Shaivism and Vaishnavism. The morpheme Pala, meaning ""protector"", was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs. The empire reached its peak under Dharmapala and Devapala. Dharmapala is believed to have conquered Kanauj and extended his sway up to the farthest limits of India in the northwest. The Pala Empire can be considered as the golden era of Bengal in many ways. Dharmapala founded the Vikramashila and revived Nalanda, considered one of the first great universities in recorded history. Nalanda reached its height under the patronage of the Pala Empire. The Palas also built many viharas. They maintained close cultural and commercial ties with countries of Southeast Asia and Tibet. Sea trade added greatly to the prosperity of the Pala kingdom. The Arab merchant Suleiman notes the enormity of the Pala army in his memoirs. What is the term used to describe the Pala Empire? ",What is the term used to describe the Pala Empire?, golden era of Bengal +" Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas. What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego? ",What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?, Torrey pine +"Analyze the premise: 'Kilimanjaro Native Cooperative Union (KNCU) is a cooperative federation in Tanzania and the oldest cooperative in Africa, founded in 1930 by Charles Dundas. KNCU is owned by the farmers of the 90 primary cooperative societies which buy coffee from the farmers on Kilimanjaro. Offices for the cooperative are located in Moshi.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'KNCUwas founded by Charles Dunsa' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",KNCUwas founded by Charles Dunsa,{ entailment } It is stated that KNCU was founded by Charles Dundas but I changed some letters making it difficult for the system +" With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won. When was the last Pyrenees Cup played? ",When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?, 1914 +"Examine the information in 'Princess Caroline of Gloucester (Caroline Augusta Maria; 24 June 177414 March 1775) was an infant member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandchild of George II, niece of George III and daughter of the 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh and his wife, Maria Walpole, daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and his mistress Dorothy Clement.' Is the statement: 'Princess Caroline died 5 months after she was born' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Princess Caroline died 5 months after she was born,{ entailment } Incorrect because March 1775 is 8-9 months after June 1774. The system must have confused some numbers +" By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity. The Left Bank was the site of the University of Paris, a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology, and later in canon law, medicine and the arts. What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century? ",What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century?, Île de la Cité +"Given the premise: 'The International University of Rabat or IUR is a semi-public university founded in 2010 in Morocco. It delivers double-degrees, in collaboration with foreign universities, in law, engineering, aeronautics, energy engineering, architecture, business management and political sciences.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The International University of Rabatat or IUR is a semi-public university.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The International University of Rabatat or IUR is a semi-public university.,"{ entailment } The International University of Rabat or IUR is a semi-public university, not The International University of Rabatat." +"With the given context: 'George Washington Baines, Sr. (December 29, 1809 – December 29, 1882), a maternal great-grandfather of U.S. President Lyndon Baines Johnson, was a Baptist clergyman in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas who served briefly as natural science professor and President of Baylor University at its first location in Independence in Washington County, Texas.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'George Washington died at age of 73' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",George Washington died at age of 73,"{ neutral } George Washington Baines, Sr. (December 29, 1809 – December 29, 1882" +"From the information in: 'Barbatodon is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous period. It lived in Transylvania at the same time as some of the last dinosaurs and was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. It is within the suborder of Cimolodonta, and the family Kogaionidae. The genus ""Barbatodon"" was named by Rãdulescu R. and Samson P. in 1986.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Barbatodon is a mammal genus from the Supper Cretaceous period.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Barbatodon is a mammal genus from the Supper Cretaceous period.,{ entailment } It's Upper not Supper +" Three milestone releases of Windows 8 leaked to the general public. Milestone 1, Build 7850, was leaked on April 12, 2011. It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered instead of aligned to the left. It was also probably the first appearance of the Metro-style font, and its wallpaper had the text shhh... let's not leak our hard work. However, its detailed build number reveals that the build was created on September 22, 2010. The leaked copy edition was Enterprise edition. The OS still reads as ""Windows 7"". Milestone 2, Build 7955, was leaked on April 25, 2011. The traditional Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) was replaced by a new Black screen, although this was later scrapped. This build introduced a new ribbon in Windows Explorer. Build 7959, with minor changes but the first 64-bit version, was leaked on May 1, 2011. The ""Windows 7"" logo was temporarily replaced with text displaying ""Microsoft Confidential"". On June 17, 2011, build 7989 64-bit edition was leaked. It introduced a new boot screen featuring the same fish as the default Windows 7 Beta wallpaper, which was later scrapped, and the circling dots as featured in the final (although the final version comes with smaller circling dots throbber). It also had the text Welcome below them, although this was also scrapped. What was special about Milestone 1? ",What was special about Milestone 1?, It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered +" The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famine, regicide, and changes in religious power and structure often adversely affected the societies that provided support for universities. Internal strife within the universities themselves, such as student brawling and absentee professors, acted to destabilize these institutions as well. Universities were also reluctant to give up older curricula, and the continued reliance on the works of Aristotle defied contemporary advancements in science and the arts. This era was also affected by the rise of the nation-state. As universities increasingly came under state control, or formed under the auspices of the state, the faculty governance model (begun by the University of Paris) became more and more prominent. Although the older student-controlled universities still existed, they slowly started to move toward this structural organization. Control of universities still tended to be independent, although university leadership was increasingly appointed by the state. Which entity started to appoint the administration of universities in the 17th century? ",Which entity started to appoint the administration of universities in the 17th century?, the state +"From the information in: 'Cai Mingjie (蔡明杰, born 1952) is a Singaporean taxicab driver and former biology researcher, known for his blog, ""A Singapore Taxi Driver's Diary"". He is described variously as ""Singapore's most educated taxi driver"" and ""the only taxi driver with a Ph.D."".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Cai Mingjie is 70 years old today' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cai Mingjie is 70 years old today,{ neutral } The system cannot detect how far the stated date is from today. The man isn't 70 due to his birthdate. +"Using the premise: 'Thomas Carr Frank (born March 21, 1965) is an American political analyst, historian, journalist, and columnist for ""Harper's Magazine"". He wrote ""The Tilting Yard"" column in the ""Wall Street Journal"" from 2008 to 2010, and he co-founded and edited ""The Baffler"". He has written several books, most notably ""What's the Matter with Kansas?"" (2004) and ""Listen, Liberal"" (2016).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Thomas Carr Frank is a former columnist with the Washington Post' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Thomas Carr Frank is a former columnist with the Washington Post,{ neutral } Thomas Carr Frank is a former columnist with the Wall Street Journal +" In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: ""When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master."" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) ""portrayed the bushi in their natural element, war, eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery, fierce family pride, and selfless, at times senseless devotion of master and man"". Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa (1350–1410 AD) stated that a warrior looked forward to a glorious death in the service of a military leader or the Emperor: ""It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by....First, a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame, but also that of his descendants. He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear....One's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general. It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one's descendants."" When did Hojo Shigetoki die? ",When did Hojo Shigetoki die?, 1261 +"Given the context: 'Choi Min-sik ( ] ; born January 22, 1962) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his critically acclaimed roles in ""Oldboy"" (2003), ""I Saw the Devil"" (2010), and """" (2014). He also starred alongside Scarlett Johansson in the 2014 French film ""Lucy"".' , classify the statement: 'choi acted before 2001' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",choi acted before 2001,{ entailment } 2001 wasnt mentioned for professional acting +"With the given context: 'Magnanimity
Charles felt his elders were mean but his little cousins were nice. Charles' parents, uncles and big cousins didn't like him. They said because he was broke, financially. But Charles marketed a self published book on Facebook. He made $300,000 and bought only kids expensive Christmas gifts.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Charles bought inexpensive gifts for his elders.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Charles bought inexpensive gifts for his elders.,"{ contradiction } The wording of the text is unclear, saying Charles ""bought only kids expensive Christmas gifts."" - this could mean either he only bought gifts for kids or the only expensive gifts he bought were for kids." +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to avoid distractions
Shut off your phone and other electronics. Before you dive into working, cleaning, writing or whatever else you need to do, turn off or silence your cell phone and anything else that might prove to be a distraction. This includes the tv, video games, etc.' , determine if the claim: 'You need to get out of the house to avoid distractions' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You need to get out of the house to avoid distractions,{ contradiction } The context does not say that you need to be indoors or outdoors to avoid distractions. So it is neither correct or incorrect to say you need to get out +" The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably his play The Alchemist—was set in the city. A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel Defoe is a fictionalisation of the events of the 1665 Great Plague. Later important depictions of London from the 19th and early 20th centuries are Dickens' novels, and Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. Modern writers pervasively influenced by the city include Peter Ackroyd, author of a ""biography"" of London, and Iain Sinclair, who writes in the genre of psychogeography. What contemporary of Williams Shakespeare wrote a play entitled The Alchemist? ",What contemporary of Williams Shakespeare wrote a play entitled The Alchemist?, Ben Jonson +" In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German. What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect? ",What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect?, Pennsylvania German +" The agglomeration of Kathmandu has not yet been officially defined. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population. They have the three highest population densities in the country. Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu). Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2. (2011 census). The following data table describes the districts considered part of the agglomeration: About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC? ",About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC?," 20,000 " +"From the facts presented in 'Peace & Love is the tenth solo album by singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield. The album is noteworthy in Hatfield's catalogue for her role in every aspect of its recording: Hatfield wrote and performed all of the songs on the album, in addition to playing all of the instruments. She also produced and engineered the album herself, and she released the album on Ye Olde Records, her own label' , decide if the statement: 'Juliana Hatfield, a talented singer and songwriter, performed all but one of the songs on the fantastic album Peace & Love' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Juliana Hatfield, a talented singer and songwriter, performed all but one of the songs on the fantastic album Peace & Love","{ neutral } She performed all of the songs on the album, so my statement was incorrect" +"Analyze the premise: 'Canada is officially a bilingual country but, with nearly 60% of the population speaking English as their mother-tongue, and only 24% speaking French as their first language, some people are questioning whether Canada is truly a bilingual nation or rather, a bilingual nation on paper only. French is not the only linguistic minority in Canada, and some of the languages spoken, in order of popularity, are Chinese, Italian, German, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Ukrainian, Arabic, Dutch, Tagalog, Greek, Vietnamese, Cree and Inuktitut.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'people who speak the second most popular language are stereotypically fans of the baguette and wear berets' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",people who speak the second most popular language are stereotypically fans of the baguette and wear berets,{ neutral } the french stereotype is that of bread and berets +"Given the detailed context: 'Advances in Space Research (ASR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published 27 times per year by Elsevier. It was established in 1981 and is the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). The editor-in-chief is Pascal Willis.', judge whether the statement: 'Pascal Willis was editor -in -chief of ASR in 1981.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Pascal Willis was editor -in -chief of ASR in 1981.,{ entailment } It is not know when he became the editor-in-chief. The system did not understand this. +" Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels, circa 1000 AD. The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where? ",The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?, Persia +" Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC), no third front ever has become significant. In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state. In the assembly elections held in December 2007, the BJP secured a landslide victory. The BJP won 41 of the 68 seats while the Congress won only 23 of the 68 seats. BJP's Prem Kumar Dhumal was sworn in as Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh on 30 December 2007. When was he sworn in? ",When was he sworn in?, 30 December 2007 +"Considering the context: 'John von Neumann's Universal Constructor is a self-replicating machine in a cellular automata (CA) environment. It was designed in the 1940s, without the use of a computer. The fundamental details of the machine were published in von Neumann's book ""Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata"", completed in 1966 by Arthur W. Burks after von Neumann's death.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Burks used a computer to complete Neumann's book.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Burks used a computer to complete Neumann's book.,"{ contradiction } We do not know whether Burks ever used a computer for any purpose, let alone completing Neumann's book." +"Examine the information in 'Princess Caroline of Gloucester (Caroline Augusta Maria; 24 June 177414 March 1775) was an infant member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandchild of George II, niece of George III and daughter of the 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh and his wife, Maria Walpole, daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and his mistress Dorothy Clement.' Is the statement: 'Princess Caroline of Gloucester was premature.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Princess Caroline of Gloucester was premature.,{ entailment } There is no mention of whether Princess Caroline of Gloucester was premature. +"From the facts presented in 'The International University of Rabat or IUR is a semi-public university founded in 2010 in Morocco. It delivers double-degrees, in collaboration with foreign universities, in law, engineering, aeronautics, energy engineering, architecture, business management and political sciences.' , decide if the statement: 'The International University of Rabat is known for its philosphy program' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The International University of Rabat is known for its philosphy program,{ contradiction } The International University of Rabat is known for its physics program +" The most notable fraud conviction was that of Gordon Foxley, head of defence procurement at the Ministry of Defence from 1981 to 1984. Police claimed he received at least £3.5m in total in corrupt payments, such as substantial bribes from overseas arms contractors aiming to influence the allocation of contracts. Who in the MoD was convicted of fraud? ",Who in the MoD was convicted of fraud?, Gordon Foxley +" Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system, the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports. What did Nintendo consider emulators? ",What did Nintendo consider emulators?, flagrant software piracy +" Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed. What is the tallest tower in Australia? ",What is the tallest tower in Australia?, Eureka Tower +"Given the detailed context: 'Prem is an Indian film actor who appears in Tamil and Kannada films. He rose to fame starring in television serials, while he was also the winner of the reality dance show ""Jodi Number One"" during season 1. In the Nadigar Sangam elections held on 18 October 2015, he was elected as Executive Committee member.', judge whether the statement: 'Prem rose to fame in movies' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Prem rose to fame in movies,{ entailment } It says he rose to fame doing tv shows +" Prior to his inauguration, Eisenhower led a meeting of advisors at Pearl Harbor addressing foremost issues; agreed objectives were to balance the budget during his term, to bring the Korean War to an end, to defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and to end price and wage controls. Eisenhower also conducted the first pre-inaugural cabinet meeting in history in late 1952; he used this meeting to articulate his anti-communist Russia policy. His inaugural address, as well, was exclusively devoted to foreign policy and included this same philosophy, as well as a commitment to foreign trade and the United Nations. What type of cabinet meeting did Eisenhower hold for the first time ever? ",What type of cabinet meeting did Eisenhower hold for the first time ever?, pre-inaugural +" Chapter VII (of the first edition) addresses the evolution of instincts. His examples included two he had investigated experimentally: slave-making ants and the construction of hexagonal cells by honey bees. Darwin noted that some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others, and he observed that many ant species will collect and store the pupae of other species as food. He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps. He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax. Darwin concluded: How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in slave-making ants? ",How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in slave-making ants?, He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps. +"Given the detailed context: 'Jacques Santer succeeded Jacques Delors as president of the European Commission in 1995, the second Luxembourger to hold this high office.', judge whether the statement: 'Jacques Delors was president of the European Commission in 1895' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jacques Delors was president of the European Commission in 1895,"{ neutral } Jacques Delors was president of the European Commission in 1995, not 1895. If he was president in 1895 he would have been president for 100 years, and likely aged at least 150 years old in 1995. Neither are feasible so it is fair to say it is an incorrect statement. The system did not have the common sense to realise this was obviously incorrect. " +" Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, which recorded at Gennett Records in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet, Louis Armstrong, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. ""They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad."" For fading instrumental parts in and out while recording, some performers were placed on a moveable platform, which could draw the performer(s) nearer or further away as required.[citation needed] What tool was used to improve sound quality in early recordings for special effects? ",What tool was used to improve sound quality in early recordings for special effects?, moveable platform +" Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, with available sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. MPEG-2 Audio Layer III allows bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz. MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III is restricted to bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 8, 11.025, and 12 kHz.[citation needed] Because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, frequency reproduction is always strictly less than half of the sampling frequency, and imperfect filters requires a larger margin for error (noise level versus sharpness of filter), so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4 kHz, while 48 kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24 kHz sound reproduction. What kind of filter requires a larger margin for error? ",What kind of filter requires a larger margin for error?, imperfect filters +"Given the detailed context: 'George Montgomery (born April 26, 1962) is a retired American basketball player. He played basketball at Illinois, and was a second-round draft selection of the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1985 NBA Draft, though he never played in the NBA. He is the biological father of Warriors center JaVale McGee, but did not raise his son.', judge whether the statement: 'George Montgomery was born in the fifth decade of the 20th century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",George Montgomery was born in the fifth decade of the 20th century.,{ entailment } George Montgomery was born in the 17th century. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Pine Gap is the commonly used name for an Australian Earth station approximately 18 km south-west of the town of Alice Springs, Northern Territory in the centre of Australia which is operated by both Australia and the United States. Since 1988, it has been officially called the Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap (JDFPG); previously, it was known as Joint Defence Space Research Facility.' , determine if the claim: 'Pine Gap is in the same territory as Alice Springs.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Pine Gap is in the same territory as Alice Springs.,"{ entailment } Alice Springs is stated to be located in the Northern Territory, however it is not confirmed that they are in the same state or territory." +" The fifty American states are separate sovereigns, with their own state constitutions, state governments, and state courts. All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. Normally, state supreme courts are the final interpreters of state constitutions and state law, unless their interpretation itself presents a federal issue, in which case a decision may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by way of a petition for writ of certiorari. State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on. What branch of government enacts state statutes? ",What branch of government enacts state statutes?, legislative branch +" Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Some believe that after first contacts with Europeans and Africans, Old World diseases caused the death of 90 to 95% of the native population of the New World in the following 150 years. Smallpox killed up to one third of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria in 1614, measles in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture. How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did? ",How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did?, 150 years +"Using the premise: 'No More Censorship is an album by Scream released in 1988 through RAS Records (RAS 4001). It is the first Scream album to feature Dave Grohl on drums, who went to be a part of many successful bands, most notably Nirvana and Them Crooked Vultures as a drummer, and Foo Fighters as guitarist and vocalist.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Dvae Grohl was the drummer for Foo Fighters, Scream, and Them Crooked Vultures where he was also the vocalist.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Dvae Grohl was the drummer for Foo Fighters, Scream, and Them Crooked Vultures where he was also the vocalist.",{ entailment } Dave Grohl is the drummer for Them Crooked Vultures. +" However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madaris also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madaris along with religious teachings also taught ""styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette."" What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? ",What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? , Islamic institutions +" On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel ""to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people."" Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons. What online service did the National Archives decide to use to showcase its photographic holdings? ",What online service did the National Archives decide to use to showcase its photographic holdings?, Flickr +"Consider the premise in: 'Whiskey School is a 2005 drama film starring Olympia Dukakis, Mary Stuart Masterson, Alexandra Eitel, Thomas Flanagan, Carlin Glynn, Lainie Kazan, Gary Swanson, Denise Lute, Mario Macaluso, David Margulies and directed by Peter Masterson and based on the play ""Intervention"" by Jo Ann Tedesco. The film is distributed by Warner Bros. and Polychrome Pictures.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Whiskey School is distributed by Warner Pictures and Polychrome Bros.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Whiskey School is distributed by Warner Pictures and Polychrome Bros.,"{ entailment } It should be Warner Bros. and Polychrome pictures, the switch of the two words confused the system" +"Examine the premise: 'Thameslink and Great Northern are the brand names used by the Govia Thameslink Railway train operating company on the Thameslink and Great Northern routes of the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise, previously operated by First Capital Connect.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Thameslink and Great Northern are the brand names used by the Govia Thameslink Railway train operating company on the Thameslink and Great Northern routes of the Southern and Great Northern franchises, only.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Thameslink and Great Northern are the brand names used by the Govia Thameslink Railway train operating company on the Thameslink and Great Northern routes of the Southern and Great Northern franchises, only.",{ neutral } It also operates as part of the Thameslink franchise. +"Given the detailed context: 'For three days we joined the anniversary trail ride commemorating the 1874 march west of the original North West Mounted Police contingent; a great adventure which originally took 275 officers and men from Fort Dufferin south of Winnipeg all through the southern part of Saskatchewan and southern Alberta to Fort Whoop-Up 125 years before.', judge whether the statement: '275 men from Fort Dufferin took 125 years to travel to Winnipeg' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",275 men from Fort Dufferin took 125 years to travel to Winnipeg,"{ entailment } It took 3 days, not 125 years" +" In the First World War, Devonport was the headquarters of Western Approaches Command until 1941 and Sunderland flying boats were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. It was an important embarkation point for US troops for D-Day. The city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe, in a series of 59 raids known as the Plymouth Blitz. Although the dockyards were the principal targets, much of the city centre and over 3,700 houses were completely destroyed and more than 1,000 civilians lost their lives. This was largely due to Plymouth's status as a major port Charles Church was hit by incendiary bombs and partially destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz, but has not been demolished, as it is now an official permanent monument to the bombing of Plymouth during World War II. How many civilian deaths occurred as a result of the Plymouth Blitz? ",How many civilian deaths occurred as a result of the Plymouth Blitz?," more than 1,000 " +" The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that ""treaties"" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law. The Supreme Court also ruled in Reid v. Covert that any treaty provision that conflicts with the Constitution are null and void under U.S. law. In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress? ",In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress?, Head Money Cases +"From the information in: '""Pirate Jenny"" (German: ""Seeräuber-Jenny "") is a well-known song from ""The Threepenny Opera"" by Kurt Weill, with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht. The English lyrics are by Marc Blitzstein. It is probably the second most famous song in the opera, after ""Mack the Knife"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Mack the Knife is not the most famous song in the opera.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mack the Knife is not the most famous song in the opera.,{ entailment } Mack the Knife is the most famous song in the opera followed by Pirate Jenny. The word probably confuses the system. +" Cordwood construction can save significant space and was often used with wire-ended components in applications where space was at a premium (such as missile guidance and telemetry systems) and in high-speed computers, where short traces were important. In cordwood construction, axial-leaded components were mounted between two parallel planes. The components were either soldered together with jumper wire, or they were connected to other components by thin nickel ribbon welded at right angles onto the component leads. To avoid shorting together different interconnection layers, thin insulating cards were placed between them. Perforations or holes in the cards allowed component leads to project through to the next interconnection layer. One disadvantage of this system was that special nickel-leaded components had to be used to allow the interconnecting welds to be made. Differential thermal expansion of the component could put pressure on the leads of the components and the PCB traces and cause physical damage (as was seen in several modules on the Apollo program). Additionally, components located in the interior are difficult to replace. Some versions of cordwood construction used soldered single-sided PCBs as the interconnection method (as pictured), allowing the use of normal-leaded components. What gets mounted in the middle of two parallel planes in a cordwood construction? ",What gets mounted in the middle of two parallel planes in a cordwood construction?, axial-leaded components +"Reflect on the information in: 'Keith Konrad Slettedahl (born August 9, 1973) is an American musician. He is the singer and songwriter for Los Angeles pop rock group The 88. In 2006, he appeared in the episode ""Best Prom Ever"" on the sitcom ""How I Met Your Mother"", playing a gig with his band on a High School-Prom.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Keith Konrad Slettedahl was born August 9, 197333' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Keith Konrad Slettedahl was born August 9, 197333","{ entailment } It is stated that Keith Konrad Slettedahl was born August 9, 1973 but I added two extra 3's to the year which made it hard for the system" +"Analyze the premise: 'Gymnocalycium fischeri is a globular cactus belonging to the family Cactaceae. The first description was in 2002 by Josef Halda Jacob, Petr Kupčák, Emil Lukasik and Jaromír Sladkovský. The specific epithet honors the Czech cactus collector Ladislav Fischer.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ladislav Fischer gave Gymnocalycium fischeri its name' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ladislav Fischer gave Gymnocalycium fischeri its name,"{ neutral } It was named after him, but he did not give it its name" +"Given the premise: 'Stanley Anthony Woods (born October 11, 1965) is a former professional American football linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Seattle Seahawks from 1987 to 1992, as well as the Los Angeles Rams and the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Stanley Anthony Woods played basketball in college.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Stanley Anthony Woods played basketball in college.,"{ contradiction } He played college football, but he might have played basketball, too. I didn't say that he played for the college team, just that he played basketball in college. He may have played a game with his friends - it's impossible to know. " +"From the facts presented in 'Dirkie Chamberlain (born 3 November 1986, Pretoria) is a South African field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed with the South Africa women's national field hockey team in the women's tournament. She has also competed at the 2010 and 2014 Commonwealth Games.' , decide if the statement: 'Dirkie Chamberlain competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Dirkie Chamberlain competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.,"{ contradiction } Well, we're living in 2019, Dirkie is 32 (or 29 in 2016) which is near a person's athletic prime, she has the pedigree of the 2012 Olympics and it is mentioned here that she was active as recently as 2014. Maybe she retired, or chose not to participate, or maybe she competed - further reading would be required to confirm this as true or not, but based on the information it is at the least a reasonable possibility, especially for an event that has already happened. I think the system got it wrong because It only mentioned the 2012 Olympics, so perhaps it is unaware of the concept of time and how it's relative to more than just information on a page." +"Consider the premise in: 'How to make cheesy garlic bread
Preheat oven to 400 ° f (204 ° c). Cut the bread in half horizontally. If the bread is too long for the cookie sheet, cut each end of the bread to be able to fit in the sheet.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'If the bread is too long, cut the bread horizontally.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","If the bread is too long, cut the bread horizontally.",{ entailment } You have cut the end of the bread but not the bread itself. +"Using the premise: 'Sylvia McNair (born June 23, 1956) is an American opera singer and classical recitalist who has also achieved notable success in the Broadway and cabaret genres. McNair, a soprano, has made several critically acclaimed recordings and has won two Grammy Awards.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Sylvia McNair achieve notable success on the Sopranos.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Sylvia McNair achieve notable success on the Sopranos.,"{ neutral } Sylvia is a Soprano singer, she did not star on the Sopranos." +" The end of the Porfiriato came in 1910 with the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. Díaz had stated that Mexico was ready for democracy and he would step down to allow other candidates to compete for the presidency, but Díaz decided to run again in 1910 for the last time against Francisco I. Madero. During the campaign Díaz incarcerated Madero on election day in 1910. Díaz was announced the winner of the election by a landslide, triggering the revolution. Madero supporter Toribio Ortega took up arms with a group of followers at Cuchillo Parado, Chihuahua on November 10, 1910. The Porfiriato ended in which year? ",The Porfiriato ended in which year?, 1910 +"From the information in: 'Sophie Charlene Akland Monk (born 14 December 1979) is an English-born Australian singer, songwriter, actress, model and radio personality. Monk was a member of the girl group Bardot and released a solo album called ""Calendar Girl"" (2003). She has appeared in films such as ""Date Movie"" (2006), ""Click"" (2006), and ""Spring Breakdown"" (2009).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Monk never found success outside the arts' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Monk never found success outside the arts,{ contradiction } We can't confirm or deny this +"Analyze the premise: '""22"" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth album, ""Red"" (2012). It was written by Swift along with Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the album's fourth single on March 12, 2013. The lyrics describe the joys of being 22 years old.' . Classify the hypothesis: '""22"" was released in 20133' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""22"" was released in 20133","{ entailment } It is stated that ""22"" was released in 2013 but I added an extra ""3"" so I think it made it difficult for the system" +"Examine the premise: 'Baseball
Sammy wanted to learn how to play baseball. He signed up for his school baseball team. He practiced everyday for a month. Bill finally had his first game. He hit a homerun!' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Sammy is a fictional character' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Sammy is a fictional character,"{ contradiction } We have no idea if Sammy is a real person or not, based on this passage. Maybe he is. Maybe he isn't. " +" In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: ""Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..."" (Meaning: ""I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ..."") This assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope; the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope was in 1378. When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal? ",When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?, 1378 +"Considering the context: 'Elisa Albert (born July 2, 1978) is the author of the short story collection ""How this Night is Different (Free Press, 2006)"", the novels ""The Book of Dahlia (Free Press, 2008)"" and ""After Birth (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015)"", and an anthology, ""Freud's Blind Spot: Writers on Siblings (Free Press, 2010)"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The books are mentioned in the original statement.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The books are mentioned in the original statement.,{ neutral } We are told that she is the author of the books. +"With the premise: 'The British government has indicated its readiness to allow Argentine companies to take part in the development of oilfields in the Falkland islands' territorial waters- provided they acknowledge that any oil extracted belongs to Britain.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The British government has made deals with the government of Brazil.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The British government has made deals with the government of Brazil.,"{ contradiction } The passage focuses on Argentine companies, not Brazil so there is no way to know what it has done with Brazil. " +" According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotrope, Lomotil) caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated. The researchers indeed themselves observed that: ""Lomotil may be contraindicated in shigellosis. Diarrhea may represent a defense mechanism"". What did Nesse and Williams learn? ",What did Nesse and Williams learn?, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism +"Given the context: 'Eric Gurr, creator of U4Prez.com, says you shouldn't be fooled be the site's MySpace-like facade. ""It's all about the politics,"" he says. ""I think most of our users have accounts on MySpace and Facebook, and use U4prez strictly for the political dialogue."" Wikinews conducted an email interview with Gurr, in which he discussed how the site works, how the Internet has affected politics, and who he is endorsing for President.' , classify the statement: 'U4Prez.com is the MySpace of politics.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",U4Prez.com is the MySpace of politics.,{ neutral } Eric Gurr says the site looks like MySpace but is strictly used for political dialogue. +" Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history. His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. He has been associated with composer John Williams since 1974, who composed music for all save five of Spielberg's feature films. How much money has all of Steven Spielberg's movies grossed worldwide? ",How much money has all of Steven Spielberg's movies grossed worldwide?, exceeds $9 billion +" Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation, often considered the quintessential testament to the scene. The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years. When was ZE Records founded? ",When was ZE Records founded?, 1978 +" Kerry ""has emerged in the past few years as an important envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan during times of crisis,"" a Washington Post report stated in May 2011, as Kerry undertook another trip to the two countries. The killing of Osama bin Laden ""has generated perhaps the most important crossroads yet,"" the report continued, as the senator spoke at a press conference and prepared to fly from Kabul to Pakistan. Among matters discussed during the May visit to Pakistan, under the general rubric of ""recalibrating"" the bilateral relationship, Kerry sought and retrieved from the Pakistanis the tail-section of the U.S. helicopter which had had to be abandoned at Abbottabad during the bin Laden strike. In 2013, Kerry met with Pakistan's army chief Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani to discuss the peace process with the Taliban in Afghanistan. Who was Pakistan's army chief in 2013? ",Who was Pakistan's army chief in 2013?, Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani +"From the information in: 'Ear
Brian loved to listen to music. Often, he would listen to it very loudly. One day, his ears hurt a lot. He rushed to the doctors immediately. The doctor stated that listening to loud things damages ears.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'His ear pain was due to loud music.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",His ear pain was due to loud music.,"{ neutral } Definitely correct, even the doc said so." +" While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use. What can be easily coined by writing on paper? ",What can be easily coined by writing on paper?, characters +" In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwaffe's Lorenz receivers were more than blind-landing devices. Jones therefore began a search for the German beams. Avro Ansons of the Beam Approach Training Development Unit (BATDU) were flown up and down Britain fitted with a 30 MHz receiver to detect them. Soon a beam was traced to Derby (which had been mentioned in Luftwaffe transmissions). The first jamming operations were carried out using requisitioned hospital electrocautery machines. A subtle form of distortion was introduced. Up to nine special transmitters directed their signals at the beams in a manner that widened its path, negating its ability to accurately locate targets. Confidence in the device was diminished by the time the Luftwaffe decided to launch large-scale raids. The counter operations were carried out by British Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) units under Wing Commander Edward Addison, No. 80 Wing RAF. The production of false radio navigation signals by re-transmitting the originals was a technique known as masking beacons (meacons). The Bean Approach Training Development Unit were fitted with what kind of transmitter to search for the Knickebein? ",The Bean Approach Training Development Unit were fitted with what kind of transmitter to search for the Knickebein? , 30 MHz receiver +"Reflect on the information in: 'Hawthorne is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Nevada, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 3,269, a decrease since the 2000 census, when it was 3,311. It is the county seat of Mineral County. The nearby Hawthorne Army Depot is the primary economic base of the town.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Hawthorne makes most of its money from military tourism' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Hawthorne makes most of its money from military tourism,{ contradiction } We do not know how Hawthorne makes money or how it makes the most money. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Eldrid Nordbø (born 12 August 1942) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was personal secretary to the Minister of Social Affairs in 1971, state secretary to the prime minister (1986-89), and Minister of Trade and Shipping (1990-91). She is married to economist and politician Bjørn Skogstad Aamo.' , determine if the claim: 'Eldrid Nordbø also was in the Labour Party in Sweden.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Eldrid Nordbø also was in the Labour Party in Sweden.,{ neutral } The system matched her name and party and did not distinguish between countries. +"Consider the premise in: 'John Thomas Ward (born in Timaru, Canterbury, on 11 March 1937) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper in 8 Tests from 1964 to 1968. Ward's Test captain John Reid said, ""He was easily the best wicketkeeper in New Zealand in his time, but was plagued by injury.""' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'John Thomas Ward was born in 19377' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",John Thomas Ward was born in 19377,{ entailment } It is stated that John Thomas Ward was born in 1937 but I added an extra 7 to the statement to confuse the system because the statements are so similar +" During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval. What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900? ",What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?, 23.8 +"With the premise: 'Leeds Rhinos R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Founded in 1870, they compete in the Super League, the top-level European rugby league club competition, and have won the competition a record seven times since its inception in 1996, most recently in 2015. They play their home matches at Headingley Rugby Stadium.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Leeds Rhinos R.L.F.C won the Super League most recently in 2016.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Leeds Rhinos R.L.F.C won the Super League most recently in 2016.,{ entailment } They most recently won in 2015. I used some language from the context. +" Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI. Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994? ",Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?, IBM +" Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction. :) What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density? ",What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density?, Variation +" Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled by way of dust into the lungs, pose a more serious exposure hazard. After entering the bloodstream, the absorbed uranium tends to bioaccumulate and stay for many years in bone tissue because of uranium's affinity for phosphates. Uranium is not absorbed through the skin, and alpha particles released by uranium cannot penetrate the skin. Where does uranium accumulate in the body? ",Where does uranium accumulate in the body?, bone tissue +"Examine the premise: 'The Aurora Subdivision or Aurora Sub is a railway line in Wisconsin and Illinois operated by BNSF Railway. It is part of BNSF's Chicago, Illinois, to Seattle, Washington, Northern Transcon. This segment runs about 262 mi from the St. Croix Subdivision in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to the Chicago Subdivision in Aurora, Illinois.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Aurora Sub is a railway line that runs less than 300 miles from the St. Croix Subdivision' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Aurora Sub is a railway line that runs less than 300 miles from the St. Croix Subdivision,"{ contradiction } Yes, the Aurora Sub runs 262 miles from the St. Croix Subdivision, which is less than 300" +"Given the context: 'BUtterfield 8 is a 1960 drama film directed by Daniel Mann, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey. Taylor won her first Academy Award for her performance in a leading role. The film was based on a 1935 novel written by John O'Hara in the wake of the success of his critically acclaimed ""Appointment in Samarra"".' , classify the statement: 'BUtterfield 8 was directed within the past 75 years' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",BUtterfield 8 was directed within the past 75 years,{ contradiction } BUtterfield 8 was directed after the 1920s +" In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title ""Empress of India"" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877. Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed? ",Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed? , Delhi Durbar +"With the premise: 'A Grand Griffon Vendéen is a breed of hunting dog originating in France. It existed as early as the 16th Century, and was the first of the Vendée griffons to be bred. It is a descendant of the Canis Segusius used by the Gauls, through the so-called King's whites and the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne, which is also an ancestor of the Basset Fauve de Bretagne.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Gauls used Canis Segusius for breeding as well.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Gauls used Canis Segusius for breeding as well.,"{ entailment } The text does not specify what the Gauls used Canis Segusius for, so it is neither correct or incorrect. The system probably tripped on key words but didn't take context into account." +"Examine the information in 'The process of receiving Hajj applications is continuing across the country. According to spokesperson of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the intending pilgrims can submit their applications till Wednesday. The Spokesperson said balloting for successful applicants will be held on Friday.' Is the statement: 'Applications will not be accepted after Wednesday.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Applications will not be accepted after Wednesday.,"{ neutral } The article states they can turn applications in until Wednesday, but not after Wednesday." +" The majority of simplified characters are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms, or ancient standard forms. For example, the orthodox character 來 lái (""come"") was written with the structure 来 in the clerical script (隶书 / 隸書, lìshū) of the Han dynasty. This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted as a simplified form. The character 雲 yún (""cloud"") was written with the structure 云 in the oracle bone script of the Shang dynasty, and had remained in use later as a phonetic loan in the meaning of ""to say"" while the 雨 radical was added to differentiate meanings. The simplified form adopts the original structure. What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms? ",What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms?, majority of simplified characters +"Based on the details provided in: 'Club Deportivo Dénia is a Spanish football team based in Dénia, in the autonomous community of Valencia. Founded in 1927 it plays in Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community, holding home games at ""Estadio Diego Mena Cuesta"", with a capacity of 3.000 seats.' , determine if the claim: 'Club Deportivo Dénia plays in the Spanish village ""Estadio Diego Mena Cuesta"".' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Club Deportivo Dénia plays in the Spanish village ""Estadio Diego Mena Cuesta"".","{ entailment } Estadio Diego Mena Cuesta is the name of the stadium, not the town." +"Examine the premise: 'Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation ""Apollo 13"", directed by Ron Howard.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space,{ neutral } there wouldnt have been a failed mission if we never tried to go to space +" The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment. The first journal, the Parisian Journal des Sçavans, appeared in 1665. However, it was not until 1682 that periodicals began to be more widely produced. French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication, but there was also a steady demand for material in German and Dutch. There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent, which was echoed by England's similar lack of desire for French works. Languages commanding less of an international market – such as Danish, Spanish and Portuguese – found journal success more difficult, and more often than not, a more international language was used instead. French slowly took over Latin's status as the lingua franca of learned circles. This in turn gave precedence to the publishing industry in Holland, where the vast majority of these French language periodicals were produced. Which two languages were the most dominant languages of scientific and literary publications? ",Which two languages were the most dominant languages of scientific and literary publications?, French and Latin +"Examine the information in 'I suggest to the members opposite that what they really should be focusing on here is to let farmers, the ten members, the majority of members who will be sitting on that board, do their job and let them provide the Canadian Wheat Board with the leadership in concert with the Government of Canada, in concert with all the people of Canada, the best options for all farmers.' Is the statement: 'The Canadian Wheat Board has a dozen members.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Canadian Wheat Board has a dozen members.,{ contradiction } It doesn't list exactly how many members are on the Canadian Wheat Board. +"From the facts presented in 'Atlee or Atlee Station is an unincorporated community in northerneastern Hanover County in the Mid-Atlantic state of Virginia, United States. Atlee is located 11 mi north of Richmond on Route 637 approximately .6 mi north-northwest of the intersection of Route 637 and Virginia State Route 2. and approximately 50 mi south of Fredericksburg, Virginia' , decide if the statement: 'Atlee is an unincorporated community in northwestern Hanover County.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Atlee is an unincorporated community in northwestern Hanover County.,{ entailment } It says northeastern not northwestern. The system matched all the other words from the sentence. +" The fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The French troops who did not surrender retreated westward, leaving behind 1,000 dead and wounded and another 1,000 prisoners and all of their remaining ammunition. The final attack by the Prussian troops also cost c. 1,000 casualties. The German cavalry then failed to pursue the French and lost touch with them. The attackers had an initial superiority of numbers, a broad deployment which made envelopment highly likely but the effectiveness of French Chassepot rifle-fire inflicted costly repulses on infantry attacks, until the French infantry had been extensively bombarded by the Prussian artillery. Which town's people surrendered to the Germans? ",Which town's people surrendered to the Germans?, Wissembourg +"Given the detailed context: 'John Charles Hockenberry (born June 4, 1956) is an American journalist and author, a four-time Emmy Award winner and three-time Peabody Award winner. From April 2008 until August 2017, Hockenberry was the host of ""The Takeaway"", a live national news program created by Public Radio International and WNYC New York.', judge whether the statement: 'John Charles Hockenberry was born in New York on June 4th, 1956.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","John Charles Hockenberry was born in New York on June 4th, 1956.","{ entailment } It's neither correct nor incorrect because we don't know where he was born, only on what date. I think it's difficult because the question contains a mixture of information that is correct, and also information that is within the text (New York), but the combination of information might not be correct." +" Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like ""MPF"" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts of other naming schemes, for example a PN2222A is a (possibly Fairchild Semiconductor) 2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices). What is a plastic version of a BC108? ",What is a plastic version of a BC108?, PN108 +" In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting. To what should a building be friendly? ",To what should a building be friendly?, environment +" The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day. How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive? ",How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?," 174,000 " +"Examine the premise: 'Orphan X is a 2016 thriller novel written by Gregg Hurwitz. It is the first in a five-book series of the same name from publisher Minotaur Books with the film rights belonging to Warner Bros. Bradley Cooper is likely to produce and possibly star the movie.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Orphan X was made in 2016' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Orphan X was made in 2016,{ contradiction } Orphan X was made in 2016 + Sugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electrical activity in the brains of newborns one second after the heel lance procedure. Sweet oral liquid moderately reduces the incidence and duration of crying caused by immunization injection in children between one and twelve months of age. Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure? ,Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure?, pain-related +" Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe. What helps define the work of the Dominican Order? ",What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?, charity +" Motors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use directly. The most common DC voltages are listed in the previous section. Third (and fourth) rail systems almost always use voltages below 1 kV for safety reasons while overhead wires usually use higher voltages for efficiency. (""Low"" voltage is relative; even 600 V can be instantly lethal when touched.) Why 1kV voltage is almost always used by rail systems? ",Why 1kV voltage is almost always used by rail systems?, safety reasons +" Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers. How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of? ",How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of?," 53,400 " +"With the premise: 'By doing so it has started a bold venture that will be one of the cornerstones of our effort as a government to ensure that Canada is the place to be, the place to live, the place that people want to come to and the place where people want to stay in the third millennium to take full advantage of the knowledge based society and economy of the 21st century.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Canada is en route to becoming a desirable place to live' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Canada is en route to becoming a desirable place to live,"{ neutral } By doing so it has started a bold venture that will be one of the cornerstones of our effort as a government to ensure that Canada is the place to be, the place to live, the place that people want to come to and the place where people want to stay in the third millennium" +" By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:45 by the Prussian 1st Guards Infantry Brigade. All of the Prussian Guard attacks were pinned down by lethal French gunfire from the rifle pits and trenches. At 18:15 the Prussian 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade, the last of the 1st Guards Infantry Division, was committed to the attack on St. Privat while Steinmetz committed the last of the reserves of the First Army across the Mance Ravine. By 18:30, a considerable portion of the VII and VIII Corps disengaged from the fighting and withdrew towards the Prussian positions at Rezonville. Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat? ",Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?, General Canrobert +" In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe ""Bobby"" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a ""culture of coziness"" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and ""a systematic breakdown"" in the FAA's culture that resulted in ""malfeasance, bordering on corruption."" In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through. When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris attempted to ground Southwest Airlines? ",When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?, 2007 +" Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the ""seat of government"" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a ""municipal legislature for local purposes,"" Madison did not address the district's role in national voting. Legal scholars disagree on whether a simple act of Congress can admit the District as a state, due to its status as the seat of government of the United States, which Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution requires to be under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; depending on the interpretation of this text, admission of the full District as a state may require a Constitutional amendment, which is much more difficult to enact. However, the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District. Its size has already changed once before, when Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac. So the constitutional requirement for a federal district can be satisfied by reducing its size to the small central core of government buildings and monuments, giving the rest of the territory to the new state. What limits does the constitution have for the size of Washington, D.C.? ","What limits does the constitution have for the size of Washington, D.C.?", the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District +" On October 31, 2013, after outcry from media outlets, including heavy criticism from Nick Bilton of The New York Times, the FAA announced it will allow airlines to expand the passengers use of portable electronic devices during all phases of flight, but mobile phone calls will still be prohibited. Implementation will vary among airlines. The FAA expects many carriers to show that their planes allow passengers to safely use their devices in airplane mode, gate-to-gate, by the end of 2013. Devices must be held or put in the seat-back pocket during the actual takeoff and landing. Mobile phones must be in airplane mode or with mobile service disabled, with no signal bars displayed, and cannot be used for voice communications due to Federal Communications Commission regulations that prohibit any airborne calls using mobile phones. If an air carrier provides Wi-Fi service during flight, passengers may use it. Short-range Bluetooth accessories, like wireless keyboards, can also be used. Are short-range bluetooth accessories able to be used? ",Are short-range bluetooth accessories able to be used?, can also be used. +"With the premise: 'We are going to simply have them testify for the purpose of authenticating the contents of that article, nothing more, nothing less, because I really believe that to do more than that is to create, I think, a precedent which would have reporters called -- Mr. Benn, I think, fears that even this would do that. I don't share that fear. But to go any further than that would mean that a reporter's veracity could be questioned each and every time something like this comes up. I strain mightily not to have to do that. That's what I'm talking about. Now, I don't know if that clarifies it.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'they can refuse to testify' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",they can refuse to testify,{ contradiction } because of the wording +"With the given context: 'Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester. The club was formed in Newton Heath in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR F.C., and played their first competitive match in October 1886, when they entered the First Round of the 1886–87 FA Cup. The club was renamed Manchester United F.C. in 1902, and moved to Old Trafford in 1910.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester. The club was formed in Newton Heath in 1879' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester. The club was formed in Newton Heath in 1879",{ entailment } Formed one year prior. It always doesn't play much attention to the years +" Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of ""possible innocence"" or ""disproportionality."" How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991? ",How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?, four +"Analyze the premise: 'North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. The population of the Unitary Authority at the 2011 census was 167,446. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire. There are three significant towns: Scunthorpe (the administrative centre), Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Lincolnshire is a unitary region in England with a census of 167,446 in 2011. It has three significant towns, the administrative centre Scunthrope, educational centre of Brigg and judicial centre in Carton-upon-Humber. ' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Lincolnshire is a unitary region in England with a census of 167,446 in 2011. It has three significant towns, the administrative centre Scunthrope, educational centre of Brigg and judicial centre in Carton-upon-Humber. ","{ entailment } It's neither definitely correct or incorrect because I added more information to it which may or may not be true. I think it was difficult for the system because it had a combination of things that were true and not true, and followed a similar format to the original question. " +"Given the detailed context: 'The Armed Forces Press Committee (COPREFA) admitted that the government troops sustained 11 casualties in these clashes, adding that they inflicted three casualties on the rebels.', judge whether the statement: 'In the process of eliminating three eleven men died' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",In the process of eliminating three eleven men died,{ neutral } The statement mentioned 11 casualties in the attack making my statement correct. The model probably had issues with the language I used. +" John von Neumann (/vɒn ˈnɔɪmən/; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos, pronounced [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics. When did John Von Neuman die? ",When did John Von Neuman die?," February 8, 1957 " +"Examine the information in 'Night of Terror is a 1933 American Pre-Code horror film directed by Benjamin Stoloff, and starring Bela Lugosi, Sally Blane, Wallace Ford, and Tully Marshall. Despite receiving top billing, Bela Lugosi has a relatively small part. The film is also known as He Lived to Kill and Terror in the Night.' Is the statement: 'Some people prefer to call Night of Terror by it's alternate title, He Lived to Kill.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Some people prefer to call Night of Terror by it's alternate title, He Lived to Kill.",{ neutral } The text states that it is also known by this name. +" Feynman has been called the ""Great Explainer"". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feynman gained great pleasure from coming up with such a ""freshman-level"" explanation, for example, of the connection between spin and statistics. What he said was that groups of particles with spin ½ ""repel"", whereas groups with integer spin ""clump"". This was a brilliantly simplified way of demonstrating how Fermi–Dirac statistics and Bose–Einstein statistics evolved as a consequence of studying how fermions and bosons behave under a rotation of 360°. This was also a question he pondered in his more advanced lectures, and to which he demonstrated the solution in the 1986 Dirac memorial lecture. In the same lecture, he further explained that antiparticles must exist, for if particles had only positive energies, they would not be restricted to a so-called ""light cone"". Feynman believed that if a topic was not easily accessible to freshmen than it was not yet what? ",Feynman believed that if a topic was not easily accessible to freshmen than it was not yet what?, fully understood +" In recent years, Apple has seen a significant boost in sales of Macs. This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs. Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers. What is partially credited for the significant boost in sales of Macs in recent years? ",What is partially credited for the significant boost in sales of Macs in recent years?, the success of the iPod and the iPhone +" Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that details the computation. The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper. In 1945 Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory and began work on developing an electronic stored-program digital computer. His 1945 report ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’ was the first specification for such a device. John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania, also circulated his First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945. The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom? ",The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom?, Alan Turing +"Examine the information in 'Have a Little Faith is a Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie. The film debuted on ABC on November 27, 2011, as the first ""Hallmark Hall of Fame"" film broadcast since CBS cancelled the series earlier in 2011. It was the first ""Hallmark Hall of Fame"" film broadcast on ABC since 1995.' Is the statement: 'Have a Little Faith was first seen on the twenty seventh of November' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Have a Little Faith was first seen on the twenty seventh of November,"{ contradiction } The scenario states Have a Little Faith was first debuted on ABC November 27, 2011. It was first seen on the twenty seventh of November. I simply put the date into word form which confused the model." +" Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004–2013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA. Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days? ",Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days?, the EPA +"With the given context: 'I think that we also have to keep a weather eye toward Saddam Hussein because he is taking advantage of this situation to once again make threats, and he needs to understand that he's not only dealing with Israel, he is dealing -- he's dealing with us if he is making the kind of threats that he's talking about there.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Hussein has seven letters in his first name.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Hussein has seven letters in his first name.,{ entailment } Saddam has six letters. The system was confused by the context. +" From 2000 to 2009, the AFL had its own developmental league, the af2. The AFL played 22 seasons from 1987 to 2008; internal issues caused the league to cancel its 2009 season, though the af2 did play. Later that year both the AFL and af2 were dissolved and reorganized as a new corporation comprising teams from both leagues, and the AFL returned in 2010. The Arena Football League has its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. What Arena Football League season was cancelled? ",What Arena Football League season was cancelled?, 2009 +" The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves ""Czechoslavs"" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs. During the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938), although ""Czechoslovak"" was designated as the republic's official language both Czech and Slovak written standards were used. Standard written Slovak was partially modeled on literary Czech, and Czech was preferred for some official functions in the Slovak half of the republic. Czech influence on Slovak was protested by Slovak scholars, and when Slovakia broke off from Czechoslovakia in 1938 as the Slovak State (which then aligned with Nazi Germany in World War II) literary Slovak was deliberately distanced from Czech. When the Axis powers lost the war and Czechoslovakia reformed, Slovak developed somewhat on its own (with Czech influence); during the Prague Spring of 1968, Slovak gained independence from (and equality with) Czech. Since then, ""Czechoslovak"" refers to improvised pidgins of the languages which have arisen from the decrease in mutual intelligibility. Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language? ",Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language?, The similarities +" After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the ""half-caste menace"" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that: What did this menace undermine? ",What did this menace undermine?, the White Australia ideal +" Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five followers. However, his accusers were excommunicated both by Ambrose of Milan and Pope Siricius, who opposed Priscillian's heresy, but ""believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil"". For some years after the Reformation, Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics, including Catholics. The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826. The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various ""ecclesiastical authorities""[note 1] is not known.[note 2] One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was"" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure. But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma, and they will be ruled heretically"". What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation? ",What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?, Catholics +"Examine the premise: 'When she was barely 20 years old, Dutch singer Edsilia Rombley got her first large taste of international acclaim. Already a winner of the smaller imitation contest Soundmix Show, she decided to shoot higher. With a great deal of determination, she performed in front of hundreds of millions of television viewers at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Her song, the R&B flavored ""Hemel en aarde"" (Heaven and earth), placed fourth and gave her country their highest placing at Eurovision since their last win in 1975. No Dutch contestant after her has been able to place similarly.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Dutch singer Edsilia Rombley got her first large taste of international acclaim as a teenager' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Dutch singer Edsilia Rombley got her first large taste of international acclaim as a teenager,"{ entailment } It says in the context: "" at barely 20 years old (Not a teenager any more) Dutch singer Edsilia Rombley got her (first) large taste of international acclaim as a teenager."" +So the statement "" Dutch singer Edsilia Rombley got her (first) large taste of international acclaim as a (teenager)"" Is Definitely Incorrect" +" At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime organisations of the armies. Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally ""circle"") around the chief city in an area. Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot. By contrast, French regiments generally served far from their depots, which in turn were not in the areas of France from which their soldiers were drawn. Reservists often faced several days' journey to report to their depots, and then another long journey to join their regiments. Large numbers of reservists choked railway stations, vainly seeking rations and orders. What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word ""Kreis?"" ","What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word ""Kreis?"""," literally ""circle"" " +"Examine the information in 'In November, the results of the 2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota showed Republican Norm Coleman with a 215 vote lead over the Democratic challenger Franken. The close margin ―less than 0.0075 percent ―triggered an automatic recount which resulted in Franken leading by 225 votes, the total ratified by the Minnesota Canvasing Board January 5. The Coleman campaign filed a motion January 6 in court to block the certification of Franken's victory and prevent Franken from taking a seat in the United States Senate. On March 31, a three-judge panel hearing the case ordered 400 additional ballots be counted.' Is the statement: 'The election was a fairly won and none of the parties were mean to each other.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The election was a fairly won and none of the parties were mean to each other.,{ contradiction } We aren't exactly sure if it was fairly won and if both parties were nice. We jsut known it was a close race and had to be a recount. +"Consider the premise in: 'Second, the aim of the initiative is to expand the category of offences for which a young offender may be brought before a regular court, which will include, in addition to murder, attempted murder, manslaughter and violent sexual assault, the reiteration of the facts of the crime and will lower from 16 to 14 the age at which young offenders may be transferred to an ordinary court.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'the age to go to court goes from 16 up to 14' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",the age to go to court goes from 16 up to 14,"{ entailment } I said it goes UP to 14, that makes no sense" +"Examine the information in 'The Sea Hornet is a 1951 American adventure film directed by Joseph Kane and written by Gerald Drayson Adams. The film stars Rod Cameron, Adele Mara, Lorna Gray, Chill Wills, Jim Davis and Richard Jaeckel. The film was released on November 6, 1951, by Republic Pictures.' Is the statement: 'Republic Pictures produced the Sea Hornet.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Republic Pictures produced the Sea Hornet.,"{ neutral } It's correct given that it was released by a production company named in the snipped, ""The film was released on November 6, 1951, by Republic Pictures.""" +" The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in Wenchuan, a student proposed a landing spot online and it was chosen as the first touchdown place for the helicopters[not in citation given]. Volunteers also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims and evacuees. On May 31, a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crashed in fog and turbulence in Wenchuan county. No-one survived. Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing? ",Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing?, Wenchuan +" In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO. In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States? ",In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?, 1954 +"Given the detailed context: '""Kiss and Tell"" is a song by Bryan Ferry, the erstwhile lead vocalist for Roxy Music. It was released as the second single from his seventh album ""Bête Noire"" in early 1988, being Ferry's twenty-sixth single. The song peaked at number 41 on the UK Singles Chart and at number 31 on the US Billboard 100. It also appears in the film ""Bright Lights, Big City"", adapted from the Jay McInerney novel.', judge whether the statement: 'Kiss and Tell starts with a B.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kiss and Tell starts with a B.,{ entailment } Starts with a K. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Victoria's Secret supermodel Adriana Lima confirms to People that she secretly got married (to basketball player Marko Jaric) on Valentine's Day! JJ reported on their engagement in June of 2008. The pair eloped in Jackson Hole, Wyoming in a small, private civil ceremony. Adriana said, ""We are so excited about our future together. And we are really looking forward to a big romantic wedding this summer with all of our friends and family."" The happy couple will look to celebrate next in Adriana's native Brazil or Marko's native Serbia.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jaric plays basketball in Serbia' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jaric plays basketball in Serbia,"{ entailment } He is from Serbia, but may or may not have played basketball there." +" Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational. What other denominations are there in Raleigh? ",What other denominations are there in Raleigh?," Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, " +"Using the premise: '-- what weighs in that balance, because to go back for one second, in practical, economic terms I gather the difference between a copyright that lasts for 100 years, lasts for 1,000 years, lasts forever, is probably something less than 1,000 -- on $1,000 a penny.' , decide if the conclusion: 'A penny does not equal $1000' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",A penny does not equal $1000,"{ contradiction } Yes a penny is equal to $0.01, which is not equal to $1000" +" Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature ""grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse"", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged. Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country. Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period. Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar? ",Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar?, states were all multi-ethnic polities +" With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of ""apprenticeship"". When was the Slave Trade Act enacted? ",When was the Slave Trade Act enacted?, 1807 +"With the premise: 'Sick Individuals is a Dutch electronic dance music act consisting of Rinze ""Ray"" Hofstee and Joep ""Jim"" Smeele. The two met in Hilversum, Netherlands (2008) while studying Music Composition. Jim and Ray had been composing for television commercials until their mutual fascination for both classical and modern music inspired their business partnership in 2010, when Sick Individuals was born.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Rinze ""Ray"" Hofstee wasn't interested in classical music but was fascinated by modern music.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Rinze ""Ray"" Hofstee wasn't interested in classical music but was fascinated by modern music.",{ neutral } It says they were both fascinated by classical music. +"Consider the premise in: 'The Vow is a 2012 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Sucsy and written by Abby Kohn, Marc Silverstein, and Jason Katims, inspired by the true story of Kim and Krickitt Carpenter. The film stars Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum as the Collins, with Sam Neill, Scott Speedman and Jessica Lange in supporting roles.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Vow is a romantic drama based on the true story that occurred in 2002.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Vow is a romantic drama based on the true story that occurred in 2002.,"{ contradiction } The context does state that the film is based on a true story, but only states the year the film was shown; 2012. The timing of when the true story occurred is unknown and cannot be reasoned out by the context (beyond that they needed a few years before 2012 to decide on and make the film, but 10 years is enough time for that). " +" A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was ""Free and Fair Elections"". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair. What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election? ",What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election?, Free and Fair Elections +"Analyze the premise: '2009, Year of Us is the third extended play (EP) by South Korean boy group Shinee. It consists of six tracks and it incorporates alternative rock and hip-hop music genres. The digital version of the album was released on October 19, 2009, with a physical release on October 22. The title track, ""Ring Ding Dong"" was released on October 14, 2009 through various music sites.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Year of Us was released over five days.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Year of Us was released over five days.,"{ entailment } The digital version was released on October 19, 2009 and the physical release occurred three days later. " +"Given the premise: 'Mark Knowles (born 4 September 1971) is a former tennis player from the Bahamas, specialising in doubles tennis. He has won a number of Grand Slam tournaments, most notably partnering with Daniel Nestor. At various times between 2002 and 2005 he was ranked World No. 1 in doubles. He is a five-time Olympian.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Knowles was ranked world no. 1 in 2004.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Knowles was ranked world no. 1 in 2004.,{ entailment } It is possible that he either was or was not ranked world no. 1 in 2004. +"Examine the premise: 'Persona: A Biography of Yukio Mishima is a 2012 biography of Yukio Mishima written by Naoki Inose with Hiroaki Sato, and published by Stone Bridge Press. It is an expanded adaptation in English of Inose's 1995 Mishima biography, ""Persona: Mishima Yukio den"", published by Bungeishunjū in Tokyo, Japan.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Inose wrote and published the biography' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Inose wrote and published the biography,"{ entailment } possibly because there were 2 things to consider, it made AI confused" +" In ultra high vacuum systems, some very ""odd"" leakage paths and outgassing sources must be considered. The water absorption of aluminium and palladium becomes an unacceptable source of outgassing, and even the adsorptivity of hard metals such as stainless steel or titanium must be considered. Some oils and greases will boil off in extreme vacuums. The permeability of the metallic chamber walls may have to be considered, and the grain direction of the metallic flanges should be parallel to the flange face. What can boil away in extreme vaccum exposure? ",What can boil away in extreme vaccum exposure?, Some oils and greases +"Examine the premise: 'How to downgrade minecraft
Start minecraft. You can use the minecraft launcher to load earlier versions of minecraft. You must be running version 1.6 or later to access this option.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Minecraft can be downloaded' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Minecraft can be downloaded,{ neutral } It says that you can load earlier versions of minecraft +" The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body. The City of San Diego is responsible for police, public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders. San Diego is a sanctuary city, however, San Diego County is a participant of the Secure Communities program. As of 2011[update], the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million. In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government? ",In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?, 2004 +"Analyze the premise: 'Carneros Creek is a southward flowing stream originating in the Santa Ynez Mountains, in Santa Barbara County, California. It flows to Lake Los Carneros Park, under U. S. Highway 101 where it runs in a man-made channel diverted to the west of Santa Barbara Municipal Airport, until it meets Goleta Slough, from whence its waters flow to the Santa Barbara Channel of the Pacific Ocean.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Carneros Creek is a man made creek.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Carneros Creek is a man made creek.,{ entailment } The channel is man made not the creek. +" The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on? ",What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on?, Greece and Rome +"With the given context: 'Puss in Boots is an action game based on the DreamWorks Animation SKG movie of the same name. It was developed by Blitz Games, and released by THQ on October 25, 2011 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii and Nintendo DS. It features support for Kinect and PlayStation Move on the respective platforms. It was released on October 25, 2011 in North America and December 2 for Europe.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Dreamworks released a movie in 2012' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Dreamworks released a movie in 2012,"{ contradiction } Even though dreamworks release a movie in 2011, its not certain they will release another in 2012. It was difficult for the system because of the 2012" +" Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery. What type of weapon is the Polybolos? ",What type of weapon is the Polybolos?, ballista +"Given the premise: 'Mazda is recalling around 174,000 cars because they have faulty seats. The recall is tied to the Mazda 2 Subcompact made in 2011, along with the Mazda 3 and Mazda Speed 3 compacts from 2010 and 2011. The problem? Seat height adjustment links can break or detach from the seat frame, making the vehicles hard to drive. The recall is expected to begin March 31.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Mazda issued a recall on the Mazda 2 and 3 vehicles because they were hard to drive until the seat height adjustment links break and detach from the seat frame.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Mazda issued a recall on the Mazda 2 and 3 vehicles because they were hard to drive until the seat height adjustment links break and detach from the seat frame.,"{ neutral } The statement is definitely incorrect because the context is that the cars are recalled because the seat height adjustment linkage breaks. The linkage break causes difficulty. However, the statement indicates that they are recalled because the vehicle is hard to drive unless the linkage breaks which is the opposite of the context. Again, the AI model is not recognizing cause and effect. " +"Using the premise: 'Cape Verde is a volcanic archipelago situated above an oceanic rise that puts the base of the islands 2 km above the rest of the seafloor. Cape Verde has been identified as a hotspot and it has been argued that a mantle plume might be underneath it causing the volcanic activity and associated geothermal anomalies.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Cape Verde is names after a color' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Cape Verde is names after a color,{ contradiction } IT could be named after a color (verde=green) or maybe not. +" The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new features are implementation of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) (which replace the old steam catapults) and unmanned aerial vehicles. With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012 (decommissioning scheduled for 2016), the U.S. fleet comprises 10 active supercarriers. On 24 July 2007, the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommended seven or eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships able to deploy squadrons of F-35B of which one is already active, another is under construction and nine more are planned. When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned? ",When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?, 2016 +" In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us? ",what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?, The World +"From the information in: 'Helvering v. Horst, 311 U.S. 112 (1940) , is an opinion of the United States Supreme Court which further developed the “fruit-and-tree” metaphor established in ""Lucas v. Earl"", 281 U.S. 111 (1930) . ""Horst"" is the leading case that applies the assignment of income doctrine to income from property.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Helvering v. Horst, 311 U.S. 112 is not considered an important precedent' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Helvering v. Horst, 311 U.S. 112 is not considered an important precedent",{ contradiction } Nothing necessitates this in the statement +" Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? ",When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?, 1970s +" Over the course of the 20th century, the world's per-capita gross domestic product grew by a factor of five, much more than all earlier centuries combined (including the 19th with its Industrial Revolution). Many economists make the case that this understates the magnitude of growth, as many of the goods and services consumed at the end of the 20th century, such as improved medicine (causing world life expectancy to increase by more than two decades) and communications technologies, were not available at any price at its beginning. However, the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider, and the majority of the global population remained in the poor side of the divide. What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by? ",What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by?, two decades +"Examine the information in '""For Japanese yakuza, the most important thing is staying alive, and making money is second,"" the yakuza said.' Is the statement: 'The second most important thing for Japanese yakuza is not dying.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The second most important thing for Japanese yakuza is not dying.,{ neutral } My statement is definitely incorrect because it stated that the most important thing for Japanese yakuza is making staying alive. The second most important thing is money. +" Raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread commercial and critical success, and founded record label GOOD Music. He went on to explore a variety of different musical styles on subsequent albums that included the baroque-inflected Late Registration (2005), the arena-inspired Graduation (2007), and the starkly polarizing 808s & Heartbreak (2008). In 2010, he released his critically acclaimed fifth album, the maximalist My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, and the following year he collaborated with Jay-Z on the joint LP Watch the Throne (2011). West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. Following a series of recording delays and work on non-musical projects, West's seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016. What year did Kanye West release his first rap CD? ",What year did Kanye West release his first rap CD?, 2004 +"Considering the context: 'Lucas Franchoys the Younger or Lucas Franchoys II (alternative spellings of name: Lucas Franchois, Lucas François, Louis Franchoys) (28 June 1616 in Mechelen – 3 April 1681 in Mechelen) was a Flemish Baroque painter from Mechelen, who painted numerous altarpieces and portraits in a style reminiscent of Anthony van Dyck.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Lucas Franchoys was the first member of his family named so.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Lucas Franchoys was the first member of his family named so.,"{ neutral } Lucas Franchoys was known as Lucas Franchoys the Younger or Lucas Franchoys II, so it stands to reason that his father or another family member was named Lucas Franchoys." +"Given the detailed context: '""Happy Birthday"" is a 1980 song and by The Boys Next Door. It was released as a single on 16 February 1980 on Missing Link. The song is not related to the popular birthday song ""Happy Birthday to You"". The first album it appeared on was ""The Birthday Party"". It was later included as track two on the 1992 compilation ""Hits"".', judge whether the statement: 'Happy Birthday to You was released as a single in February 1980.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Happy Birthday to You was released as a single in February 1980.,"{ contradiction } Happy Birthday to You could have been released as a single by someone in February 1980. I think the model only noted that my statement was not about the ""Happy Birthday"" by The Boys Next Door and concluded that it was wrong." +"With the given context: 'Saudi Arabia's production mix will shift to a higher proportion of lighter crudes. Unlike last year's Qatif and Abu Safah developments, nearly all of the proposed projects produce Arab Light or lighter crudes.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Production is not confirmed.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Production is not confirmed.,"{ neutral } Given the context, it has been decided that production WILL shift and it has been confirmed." +"Considering the context: '""Can't Leave 'em Alone"" is a R&B song recorded by American singer Ciara and rapper 50 Cent for Ciara's second album, """" (2006). Written by Ciara, LaShawn Daniels, Rodney Jerkins, and 50 Cent, it is the fourth release and official third single from the album (see 2007 in music). It was solicited to Mainstream Urban radio stations on June 12, 2007 and Rhythmic stations on July 10, 2007.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ciara's debut album featured 50 Cent on at least one song.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ciara's debut album featured 50 Cent on at least one song.,"{ entailment } This statement is regarding her second album, we have no idea who was on her first album. The system must not have known this wasn't about her debut album." +" Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practicing Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth. What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons? ",What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?, Geoffrey Fisher +" Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and the Academy of Music, the nation's oldest continually operating opera house, home to the Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and Philadelphia Theatre Company have new buildings constructed in the last decade on the avenue. They produce a variety of new works. Several blocks to the east are the Walnut Street Theatre, America's oldest theatre and the largest subscription theater in the world; as well as the Lantern Theatre at St. Stephens Church, one of a number of smaller venues. What is the countries oldest opera house? ",What is the countries oldest opera house?, Academy of Music +"Using the premise: 'Fest : ""In the Name of the Father"" an Academy Award contender starring Daniel Day-Lewis as a man wrongly convicted for an IRA bombing, won the Golden Bear Award for best picture Monday at the Berlin International Film Festival.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The man in the movie was not guilty of the IRA bombing.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The man in the movie was not guilty of the IRA bombing.,{ neutral } If he is wrongfully convicted that means he must be innocent of the bombing. +"Examine the information in 'If you can dream it, you can achieve it — unless you're a goose trying to play a very human game of rugby. In the video above, one bold bird took a chance when it ran onto a rugby field mid-play. Things got dicey when it got into a tussle with another player, but it shook it off and kept right on running. After the play ended, the players escorted the feisty goose off the pitch. It was a risky move, but the crowd chanting its name was well worth it. Video credit: Storyful / Nathan Swarbrick @swazza1990' Is the statement: 'The crowd believed they knew the name of the goose running on the field.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The crowd believed they knew the name of the goose running on the field.,"{ neutral } Because the crowd was chanting its name, the crowd must have believed they knew the goose's name. The word ""believe"" may have made the system think this was an ambiguous statement. " +" Animals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts, which also include the choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists. The name comes from the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells, such as most animal spermatozoa, whereas other eukaryotes tend to have anterior flagella. What are the closest known living relatives of animals? ",What are the closest known living relatives of animals?, choanoflagellates +" In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective. What does the release of vesicles seem to demenstrate? ",What does the release of vesicles seem to demenstrate?, response to stress conditions +" In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter. Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures? ",Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures?, IntercontinentalExchange +" During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology. How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in? ",How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?, 13 +"Given the detailed context: 'Sarah Beth Noriega (born April 24, 1976) is a former indoor volleyball player. She played for Loyola Marymount University from 1994 to 1997 and was named the 1997 West Coast Conference Player of the Year. She also played for the United States national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics.', judge whether the statement: 'Sarah Beth Noriega was the best player in the 1997 West Coast Conference' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sarah Beth Noriega was the best player in the 1997 West Coast Conference,{ neutral } Yes she won the 1997 West Coast Conference Player of the Year +"Given the context: 'The report of the special joint committee quotes from Mr. Borovoy, page 9: ``The state of equality and fairness can only benefit by the abolition of special preferences for any denominational groups even if those denominations happen to comprise a large percentage of the population.' , classify the statement: 'Special preferences does not help equality and fairness.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Special preferences does not help equality and fairness.,{ contradiction } That is what Borovoy was suggesting. +" Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world. The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The Holland Tunnel, connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey, was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927. The Queens-Midtown Tunnel, built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it. The Hugh L. Carey Tunnel runs underneath Battery Park and connects the Financial District at the southern tip of Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn. In what New Jersey city does the Holland Tunnel terminate? ",In what New Jersey city does the Holland Tunnel terminate?, Jersey City +" Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology. What simple plant has been used to study plant cells? ",What simple plant has been used to study plant cells?, red alga +"Consider the premise in: 'The Florida Scholastic Press Association (FSPA) is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1946. It is the scholastic press association for the state of Florida and its members consist of more than 300 student publications, online media teams and broadcast programs from the state. The main mission of the organization is to educate, train and support scholastic journalists and their advisers.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The FSPA has over 300 members' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The FSPA has over 300 members,{ neutral } The article states that it's members come from over 300 places +"Reflect on the information in: 'Humans Need Not Apply is a 2014 short Internet documentary film, directed, produced, written, and edited by CGP Grey. The film focuses on the future of the integration of automation into economics, as well as the impact of this integration to the worldwide workforce. It was released online as a YouTube video.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Humans Need Not Apply is long' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Humans Need Not Apply is long,{ contradiction } Humans Need Not Apply may be long +" The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened. What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do? ",What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?, rot +"Analyze the premise: 'Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (Maria Gabriella Giuseppa Aldegonda Adelaide Ludovica Felicita Gennara; born 24 February 1940) is the middle daughter of Italy's last king, Umberto II, and Marie José of Belgium, the ""May Queen"", and a sister of the pretender to their father's throne, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. She is an historical writer.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy is the daughter of Umberto II.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy is the daughter of Umberto II.,{ contradiction } Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy is the middle daughter of Umberto II and Maria Jose of Belgium. +" The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea. In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held? ",In what month each year is the Southampton Boat Show held?, September +"From the facts presented in 'Pisnia zavzhdy z namy (Ukrainian: Пісня завжди з нами ) is a 1975 Soviet Ukrainian musical film, produced by Viktor Storozhenko starring Sofia Rotaru in the main role, as well as Soviet Ukrainian Smerichka vocal-instrumental band. The movie features songs in Ukrainian, Moldovan and Russian of Sofia Rotaru filmed in the background of Ukrainian Carpathian mountains.' , decide if the statement: 'Pisnia zavzhdy z namy was released less than 1975 years ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Pisnia zavzhdy z namy was released less than 1975 years ago.,"{ contradiction } It was released in 1975, which is clearly less than 1975 years ago, because it is only 44 years ago. This question type easily confuses the system because the year is also contained within the text." +"With the premise: 'The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers was a Scottish volunteer unit of the British Army formed in 1908. Its main role was defence of the Scottish coast, but it served on the Western Front during World War I. In the 1930s it was converted into an air defence unit, in which role it served in World War II.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'All Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers were born in Scotland.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",All Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers were born in Scotland.,"{ contradiction } Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers was a Scottish unit, but text does not state all members were born in Scotland; being Scottish could mean being of Scot descent but born elsewhere. System may confuse birthplace with nationality." +"From the facts presented in 'Simon Wincer (born 1943 in Sydney) is an Australian film director and film producer. He attended Cranbrook School, Bellevue Hill, Sydney from 1950 to 1961. On leaving school he worked as a stage hand at TV Station Channel 7. By the 1980s he directed over 200 hours of television. In 1986 he directed the made-for-TV movie ""The Last Frontier"" and also won a Christopher Award.' , decide if the statement: '""The Last Frontier"" was released in movie theaters in 1986.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","""The Last Frontier"" was released in movie theaters in 1986.",{ neutral } Because it said it was a made for TV movie. Clearly it wouldn't be released to the theater if it was made for TV. +"Given the premise: 'Derek Ervin Smith (November 1, 1961 – August 9, 1996) was an American professional basketball player. He won a national championship with the Louisville Cardinals in 1980, and spent nine years in the NBA in a career shortened by a knee injury. He would later become an assistant coach for the Washington Bullets from 1994 until his death.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Derek Ervin Smith hurt his arm playing basketball.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Derek Ervin Smith hurt his arm playing basketball.,"{ contradiction } It said he had a knee injury but at some point he may have hurt his arm, too. Or he may not have. There's really no way to know because it may have healed. " +" In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD. What group was significant in the expansion of the Christian faith ? ",What group was significant in the expansion of the Christian faith ?, Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity +" In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually. What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces? ",What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?, the Canada First Defence Strategy +" Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia ""appears to be leveling off."" As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans. What is the life expectancy in Namibia? ",What is the life expectancy in Namibia?, 52.2 +"With the premise: 'Yeah, I asked her why she said that, and she said in school what they had been talking about or amongst her friends and what's going on. She seemed to be under the impression that as a Christian, she could not believe that evolution was a science that, you know, was true.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'A Christian can't believe in evolution.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",A Christian can't believe in evolution.,{ entailment } The statement does not say definitively whether a true Christian can believe in evolution. It simply says that this girl was under the impression that a Christian couldn't. But the passage does not say whether it is true or not.... +"With the premise: 'Rishika Lulla Singh serves as the CEO of Eros Digital, the streaming arm of Indian film company Eros International. At the recently concluded Times National Awards for Marketing Excellence, Singh won the award for 'Women Leadership in Industry. (Rishika Lulla Singh/LinkedIn photo)' , decide if the hypothesis: 'At the recently concluded Times National Awards for Marketing Excellence, Singh won many awards for Women in Leadership in Industry.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","At the recently concluded Times National Awards for Marketing Excellence, Singh won many awards for Women in Leadership in Industry.",{ neutral } it just says she won one award not many so it was incorrect but the AI took it as in general and marked it neither +"From the facts presented in 'John Arnold ""Johnny"" Logan (January 1, 1921 – September 16, 1977) was an American professional basketball player and coach born in Richmond, Indiana. A 6'2"" guard who played at Indiana University, Logan played for four seasons with the now-defunct St. Louis Bombers, and a fifth season with the Tri-Cities Blackhawks. While with the Blackhawks, he served three games as an interim player-coach.' , decide if the statement: 'John Arnold ""Johnny"" Logan died in the 70s' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","John Arnold ""Johnny"" Logan died in the 70s",{ contradiction } He died in 77 +"Given the premise: 'Geoffrey Zakarian (born July 25, 1959) is an American Iron Chef, restaurateur, television personality and author. He is the executive chef of several restaurants in New York City, Atlantic City and Miami. He is featured on several television programs on the Food Network, including ""Chopped"" and in 2011, ""The Next Iron Chef"", where he won the right to join ""Iron Chef America"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Geoffrey Zakarian's middle name is July.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Geoffrey Zakarian's middle name is July.,{ entailment } Geoffrey Zakarian's middle name is not mentioned in the context. The system might have been confused by his birthday being in July. +"From the facts presented in 'The San Diego Gulls were a professional ice hockey team in the West Coast Hockey League (WCHL) and later in the ECHL. The team, the third to use the ""Gulls"" nickname, was founded in 1995 immediately upon the departure of the IHL team of the same name. The Gulls played at the San Diego Sports Arena.' , decide if the statement: 'The ""Gulls"" played in the ECHL before playing in the WCHL.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The ""Gulls"" played in the ECHL before playing in the WCHL.","{ entailment } According to the context, it is implied that the San Diego Gulls began in the WCHL and then later moved to the ECHL." +" Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny. In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period. Some species of moths and insects show evidence of what? ",Some species of moths and insects show evidence of what?, having been indigenous to the area +"Reflect on the information in: 'Mr. Palomar is a 1983 novel by the Italian writer Italo Calvino. Its original Italian title is Palomar. In an interview with Gregory Lucente, Calvino stated that he began writing ""Mr. Palomar"" in 1975, making it a predecessor to earlier published works such as ""If on a winter's night a traveler"". ""Mr. Palomar"" was published in an English translation by William Weaver in 1985.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mr Palomar was the last work written by Italo Calvino' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mr Palomar was the last work written by Italo Calvino,{ neutral } If it was a predecessor it was not his last. +" Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed ""true migration"" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or in only one direction (dispersal, movement of young away from natal area). Migration is marked by its annual seasonality. Non-migratory birds are said to be resident or sedentary. Approximately 1800 of the world's 10,000 bird species are long-distance migrants. How many bird species are long distance migrants? ",How many bird species are long distance migrants?, 1800 +" The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians. What was the result of the victory for the Austrians? ",What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?, The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough +"Given the context: 'Taina is an American sitcom that aired on Nickelodeon and distributed by Nelvana Limited. It was one of the last live-action comedy shows taped at Nickelodeon Studios but later moved to the Nickelodeon on Sunset in Hollywood, for its second season. The show aired from January 14, 2001 to May 11, 2002.' , classify the statement: 'Nickelodeon Studios is located on Sunset in Hollywood.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Nickelodeon Studios is located on Sunset in Hollywood.,"{ entailment } By saying that the show moved from Nickelodeon Studios to Nickelodeon on Sunset in Hollywood, the implication is that Nickelodeon Studios is not on Sunset in Hollywood." +" The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective. Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication? ","Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?", Richmond Free Press +"Given the context: '× Monday Morning Movie Reviews: Oscar Predictions, The Great Wall, Fist Fight Nick Digilio, Erik Childress, and Collin Souter review the weekend’s new movies including The Great Wall, Fist Fight, A Cure For Wellness, A United Kingdom and XX. Plus analysis of the box office, the best movies of 1987 and Oscar predictions! To download this or any of Nick’s podcast visit our I-Tunes page. Like us on Facebook (/nickdshow) and follow us on Twitter (@nickdshow.)' , classify the statement: 'People only listen to the podcast during the week.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",People only listen to the podcast during the week.,{ contradiction } It isn't known when they listen to the podcast. +" It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region. Who took control of the regin in 710? ",Who took control of the regin in 710?, Umayyads +"Considering the context: 'BAKERSFIELD, Calif. - The Bakersfield College Industrial Automation program is holding an info session to educate prospective students about their program and career opportunities. Students who graduate from the program are prepared for careers in the design, operation, and management of industrial automation systems. The three info sessions will be on:' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The exact dates and times of the info sessions are not mentioned.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The exact dates and times of the info sessions are not mentioned.,"{ neutral } It's definitely correct because they would be in the last sentence, but it gets cut off. It's difficult because I guess it's asking about something that's not present at all so the system inherently thinks the statement is neither correct/incorrect, not sure." +"Given the premise: 'Sterling Knight (born March 5, 1989) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing the roles as Alex in ""17 Again"", Chad Dylan Cooper in Disney Channel Original Series ""Sonny with a Chance"" and its spinoff ""So Random!"", Zander Carlson in ""Melissa & Joey"", and Christopher Wilde in the Disney Channel Original Movie ""Starstruck"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Sterling Knight is well known as a musician.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Sterling Knight is well known as a musician.,"{ entailment } By stating that he is well known as a musician, I'm pulling a trait given to him in the text and assigning it to him, but tricking the AI by saying he is a well known musician. Just because he is best known for his acting roles and also a musician does not make him well known as a musician, and a human would easily spot that." +"Using the premise: 'The city of Rock Falls is evacuating parts of the city following a high-pressure gas leak. The city posted to its Facebook page around 8:30 a.m. saying the area of 2nd Street between 1st - 4th Avenues were blocked off. The city said due to wind speed and direction, the location continues to change. The city is asking residents to avoid the area of 212 3rd Avenue and the surrounding area while they work on the leak.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Rock Falls is in washington' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Rock Falls is in washington,"{ contradiction } it does not mention what state Rock Falls is in, therefore it is impossible to say if it is in washington or not. Not sure how the system missed this" +" Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. ""If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power"", she wrote, ""we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY."" Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: ""It is not in our custom to annexe countries"", she said, ""unless we are obliged & forced to do so."" To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister. When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by ""fast falling tears"", and erected a memorial tablet ""placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I."" What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy? ",What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy?, Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War +" Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides. In what city was the French Academy of Science founded ",In what city was the French Academy of Science founded, Paris +" Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called ""voodoo dolls"" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense or rejection. Others appeal for divine redress of wrongs, in terms familiar to any Roman magistrate, and promise a portion of the value (usually small) of lost or stolen property in return for its restoration. None of these defixiones seem produced by, or on behalf of the elite, who had more immediate recourse to human law and justice. Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era. What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong? ",What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong?, law and justice +"With the premise: 'Heinrich Karl Ludwig Herault de Seigneur de Hautcharmoy (1689 in Wesel – 11 May 1757 in Margaret monastery at Prague) was a Prussian Lieutenant-General, Knight of the Black Eagle and commander of Brieg. His family was originally from Kingdom of France, and his father served as subordinate to Friedrich von Schomberg, and was killed with him at the Battle of the Boyne.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Heinrich Karl Ludwig Herault de Seigneur de Hautcharmoy was born in 1689 at the Margaret monastery at Prague.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Heinrich Karl Ludwig Herault de Seigneur de Hautcharmoy was born in 1689 at the Margaret monastery at Prague.,{ contradiction } Hautcharmoy was born in Wesel. He *died* at the Margaret monastery at Prague. +" Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9% of disease-causing bacteria within just two hours when cleaned regularly. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the registrations of these copper alloys as ""antimicrobial materials with public health benefits,"" which allows manufacturers to legally make claims as to the positive public health benefits of products made with registered antimicrobial copper alloys. In addition, the EPA has approved a long list of antimicrobial copper products made from these alloys, such as bedrails, handrails, over-bed tables, sinks, faucets, door knobs, toilet hardware, computer keyboards, health club equipment, shopping cart handles, etc. (for a comprehensive list of products, see: Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces#Approved products). Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaires' disease is suppressed by copper tubing in plumbing systems. Antimicrobial copper alloy products are now being installed in healthcare facilities in the U.K., Ireland, Japan, Korea, France, Denmark, and Brazil[citation needed] and in the subway transit system in Santiago, Chile, where copper-zinc alloy handrails will be installed in some 30 stations between 2011–2014. 355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria? ",355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria?, 99.9% +"With the premise: 'Honourable senators will remember that the committee which reported just prior to Christmas received information about a number of cases in which claims were brought by people living in poverty in Canada, usually women and children, both alluded to by my colleagues who spoke before me, against our federal and provincial governments.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'there are cases of men living in poverty in canada' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",there are cases of men living in poverty in canada,"{ neutral } the cases are usually women and children, this means there are other cases. The only missing category is men so man have also made cases. " +"Given the premise: 'Nalin Jayawardena (Sinhala : නලින් ජයවර්ධන) (born 18 April 1957) is a popular Sri Lankan singer and vocalist. He was the first Sri Lankan singer to release an internet based audio album in Sinhala allowing his fans from around the world to download the album free of charge. This album titled Kanda Paamule was released in 2004. Nalin Jayawardena lives in Perth, Australia.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Nalin Jayawardena's audio album was the first Sri Lankan album that foreigners could download for free.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Nalin Jayawardena's audio album was the first Sri Lankan album that foreigners could download for free.,{ neutral } It was correct because Jayawardena's album was the first downloadable album for free for anyone around the world +"Given the detailed context: 'Biff Burger (Best In Fast Food) was a burger fast food franchise that originated in Clearwater, Florida. Early success in the late 1950s and early 1960s led the franchise to spread to many parts of the Southeastern United States. However, financial woes in the 1970s sent the chain on a decline and most of its restaurants out of business by the 1980s. Today, two Biff Burger restaurants remain.', judge whether the statement: 'Biff Burger sold steaks.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Biff Burger sold steaks.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state it did or didn't. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Life, Love, and the Pursuit of Justice is the first solo album by Justin Sane, lead singer of the punk rock band Anti-Flag. The album is entirely his own work, featuring his vocal and guitar work and demonstrating obvious influence from Billy Bragg's earlier recordings. The album is about, exactly as the title simply states, life, love, and justice.' , determine if the claim: 'Religion is not a major theme of Sane's first solo album.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Religion is not a major theme of Sane's first solo album.,"{ neutral } ""The album is about, exactly as the title simply states, life, love, and justice""- if it is exactly about those concepts, then religion is not a major theme. The algorithm didn't understand that another concept was excluded." +"With the given context: 'The name for the newest James Bond film has been announced today. The 22nd film, previously known only as ""Bond 22"", will be called ""Quantum of Solace"". EON Productions who are producing the film made the announcement today at Pinewood Studios, where production for the film has been under way since last year. The name of the film was inspired by a short story (of the same name) from For Your Eyes Only by Bond creator, Ian Fleming.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'It is being produced by the energy company E-ON.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",It is being produced by the energy company E-ON.,{ neutral } it is being produced by EON productions not the energy company E-ON. The system does not confirm the former. +" Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons. There are both public and private schools, including many private international schools. The minimum age for primary school is about six years in all cantons, but most cantons provide a free ""children's school"" starting at four or five years old. Primary school continues until grade four, five or six, depending on the school. Traditionally, the first foreign language in school was always one of the other national languages, although recently (2000) English was introduced first in a few cantons. Who has authority of school systems in Switzerland? ",Who has authority of school systems in Switzerland?, the cantons +"Examine the premise: 'Daddy and Them is a 2001 American film written, directed by, and starring Billy Bob Thornton. In addition to Thornton, it stars Laura Dern, Andy Griffith, Ben Affleck, Kelly Preston, Diane Ladd, Brenda Blethyn, Tuesday Knight, Jamie Lee Curtis and Jim Varney. This was Jim Varney's last live-action film; he died a year before the movie's release. It was also his penultimate movie.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Daddy and Them is a 2001 American film written, directed by, and starring Laura Dern.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Daddy and Them is a 2001 American film written, directed by, and starring Laura Dern.",{ entailment } It was by Billy Bob Thornton. Her name was also mentioned +" Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. The presence of the disease in Victoria's descendants, but not in her ancestors, led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac. There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill. It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers. Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases. Which of Victoria's daughters were carriers of haemophilia? ",Which of Victoria's daughters were carriers of haemophilia?, Alice and Beatrice +"Using the premise: 'Kevin Ray Turner (born February 5, 1958 in Fremont, California) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the New York Giants, Washington Redskins, Seattle Seahawks, and the Cleveland Browns. He played college football at the University of the Pacific.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Kevin Ray Turner played football in 1959' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Kevin Ray Turner played football in 1959,"{ neutral } A 1 year old could not play football, but the computer doesn't know that." +"From the facts presented in 'How to protect chicken combs from winter cold
Wait until the evening. To keep a better control over your birds, wait until they have entered the roost for the night before applying any covering. Overnight is when the temperature will be lowest, so it is when your chickens will be most susceptible to frostbite.' , decide if the statement: 'Chickens must be protected by their caretakers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Chickens must be protected by their caretakers.,{ neutral } System does not seem to understand the cadence of the narrative +"From the information in: 'Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment LLC (formerly Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc., doing business as 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment) is the home video distribution arm of the 20th Century Fox film studio. It was established in 1977 as Magnetic Video and was later known as 20th Century Fox Video, CBS/Fox Video and FoxVideo, Inc.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'FoxVideo, Inc later became known as CBS/FOX video' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","FoxVideo, Inc later became known as CBS/FOX video",{ entailment } It was named CBS/FOX video before it was FoxVideo +" Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in Archival Research Catalog (ARC). The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts. As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records. There are also 922,000 digital copies of already digitized materials. As of the end mid December of 2012, how many logical data records are stored at NARA? ","As of the end mid December of 2012, how many logical data records are stored at NARA?", 10 billion +"Reflect on the information in: 'Josef Matthias Hauer (March 19, 1883 – September 22, 1959) was an Austrian composer and music theorist. He is most famous for developing, independent of and a year or two before Arnold Schoenberg, a method for composing with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Hauer was also an important early theorist of twelve-tone music and composition.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Josef Matthias Hauer composed befor Arnold Schoenberg' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Josef Matthias Hauer composed befor Arnold Schoenberg,{ contradiction } It is true that he knew him. +" One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988–1993). The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team. Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games? ",Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games?, Joe Louis Arena +"Given the premise: 'Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, Southern Presbyterian pastor, Confederate States Army chaplain, and architect. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson. His biography of Jackson remains in print today.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Dabney wrote the biography of Jackson in 1899.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Dabney wrote the biography of Jackson in 1899.,{ neutral } It was impossible for him to write it in 1899 because he died in 1898. I don't think the AI caught his birth and death dates. +"Analyze the premise: 'Demi Lovato: Live in Concert (also known as the Summer Tour 2009) was the debut headlining concert tour by American singer Demi Lovato, launched in support of her debut album ""Don't Forget"" (2008) and the second studio album ""Here We Go Again"" (2009).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Demi Lovato: Live in Concert was cancelled' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Demi Lovato: Live in Concert was cancelled,{ contradiction } it could have been cancelled +"Examine the information in 'Melinda Heather ""Mindy"" Cohn (born May 20, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian and singer. She is known for her role as Natalie Green, the student of Edna Garrett (played by Charlotte Rae) in the long-running sitcom ""The Facts of Life"", and for being the voice of Velma Dinkley in the ""Scooby-Doo"" franchise from 2002 to 2015.' Is the statement: 'Melinda Heather ""Mindy"" Cohn is likely still alive' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Melinda Heather ""Mindy"" Cohn is likely still alive","{ neutral } no death date after birth date means person is likely still alive, the system did not assume this" +" Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi (Alkindus), al-Farabi (Abunaser), İbn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and Ibn Khaldun. The political conceptions of Islam such as kudrah (power), sultan, ummah, cemaa (obligation)-and even the ""core"" terms of the Qur'an—i.e., ibadah (worship), din (religion), rab (master) and ilah (deity)—is taken as the basis of an analysis. Hence, not only the ideas of the Muslim political philosophers but also many other jurists and ulama posed political ideas and theories. For example, the ideas of the Khawarij in the very early years of Islamic history on Khilafa and Ummah, or that of Shia Islam on the concept of Imamah are considered proofs of political thought. The clashes between the Ehl-i Sunna and Shia in the 7th and 8th centuries had a genuine political character. What is taken as the basis of an analysis? ",What is taken as the basis of an analysis?, The political conceptions of Islam +"Considering the context: 'The mine would operate nonstop seven days a week and use tons of cyanide each day to leach the gold from crushed ore.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The mine was shut down.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The mine was shut down.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if this is the case. +"Based on the details provided in: '""Klaatu barada nikto"" is a phrase that originated in the 1951 science fiction film ""The Day the Earth Stood Still"". The humanoid alien protagonist of the film, Klaatu (Michael Rennie), instructs Helen Benson (Patricia Neal) that if any harm befalls him, she must say the phrase to the robot Gort (Lockard Martin). In response Gort relents from destroying the Earth and resurrects Klaatu from death.' , determine if the claim: 'Klaatu barada nikto is never translated in the film.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Klaatu barada nikto is never translated in the film.,"{ contradiction } The text doesn't say that ""Klaatu barada nikto"" was translated in the film, only that it is a phrase that needed to be said. The algorithm must have assumed the meaning was given in the film." +"Considering the context: 'Channels, released in 2008, is love story sometimes described as delving into thoughts of existentialism. The film was written, directed, produced and acted in by Nat Christian. The film stars Kim Oja, Nat Christian, Ed Asner, John Kassir, Joan Van Ark and Taylor Negron. Ann Marcus executive produced. The production company was Olliewood Films, Inc.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Nat Christian was the main actor in Channels in 2008.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Nat Christian was the main actor in Channels in 2008.,{ entailment } We don't know if he was the main actor or just another person in the film. +"Examine the information in 'La Valentina is a 1966 Mexican romantic comedy film directed by Rogelio A. González, produced by Gregorio Walerstein, and starring María Félix and Eulalio González in the leading roles. The supporting cast features José Elías Moreno, José Venegas, and Raúl Meraz. The film is a dramatization of the Mexican Revolution corrido of the same name.' Is the statement: 'The movie was released after 1930.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The movie was released after 1930.,{ contradiction } The movie came out in 1966 which is definitely after 1930. I think the time in years confused the system. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Cupid Car Club, also known as Cupid Car Club M.P., was a short-lived American post-hardcore band consisting of Ian Svenonius on vocals, James Canty on drums, Steve Gamboa on guitar (all of which were previously members of Nation of Ulysses and later went on to form The Make-Up), and Kim Thompson (of The Delta 72) on bass and vocals.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Cupid Car Club won an Oscar.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Cupid Car Club won an Oscar.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state they did or not. +"Given the context: 'Lorenzo Sotomayor Collazo (born 16 February 1985) is an Cuban-born Azerbaijani light-welterweight boxer who won a silver medal at the 2016 Olympics. He is a nephew of the high jumper Javier Sotomayor. In 2013 he moved from Cuba to Azerbaijan to increase his chances for Olympic selection. He chose to compete as Collazo, which means ""shining star"".' , classify the statement: 'Javer Sotomayor was in the Olympics.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Javer Sotomayor was in the Olympics.,{ entailment } It is unknown if Javier Sotomayor was in the Olympics. The system was confused by the context. +"From the facts presented in 'Wang Tieguan ()is a Chinese noted geologist,Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Professor of China University of Petroleum,PhD Tutor born in December,1937,born in Shanghai City,People's Republic of China in December,1937, graduated from Beijing Petroleum Geology School(predecessor of Yangtze University)in 1956 and from Beijing Petroleum Institute in 1965.' , decide if the statement: 'Wang Tieguan has lived in a national capital' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Wang Tieguan has lived in a national capital,{ neutral } He attended schools in Beijing. I think the system got it wrong because the statement requires an inference +"Examine the premise: 'High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane is a 1980 made-for television film sequel to the classic 1952 Western film ""High Noon"". It starred Lee Majors in the title role, as well as David Carradine and Pernell Roberts. It first aired on CBS on November 15, 1980, in a two-hour time-slot. The film's screenplay was written by famed crime novelist Elmore Leonard.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane first aired at least 25 years after the film ""High Noon"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane first aired at least 25 years after the film ""High Noon"".","{ contradiction } High Noon, Part II: The return of Will Kane aired around 28 years after the film ""High Noon"", which is at least 25 years. I believe the system can't extrapolate this information." +"Reflect on the information in: 'David Plotz (born January 31, 1970) is an American journalist and is currently the CEO of ""Atlas Obscura"", an online magazine devoted to discovery and exploration. A writer with ""Slate"" since its inception in 1996, Plotz was the online magazine's editor from June 2008 until July 2014, succeeding Jacob Weisberg.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Weisberg was born January 31, 1970.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Weisberg was born January 31, 1970.","{ contradiction } There was no date given for Jacob Weisberg's birthday, so while it is unlikely he has the same birthday as David Plotz, we don't know for sure. I think this was difficult for the system because it is the same date as Plotz, but Weisberg's birth date was not given." +" Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as ""Master's Teas,"" but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college. Who established Yale's residential college system? ",Who established Yale's residential college system?, Edward S. Harkness +"With the premise: 'Kali Michele Rocha (born December 5, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Karen Rooney, the mother of four Rooney children and school's vice principal, in the Disney Channel sitcom, ""Liv and Maddie"". She has also co-written four episodes of the show.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Rocha has co-directed four episodes of the show.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Rocha has co-directed four episodes of the show.,"{ contradiction } We know she has co-written four episodes, but not if she has directed any of them." +"Examine the information in 'The statue of the Earl Mountbatten is an outdoor bronze statue of Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, located on Mountbatten Green, off Horse Guards Road, Whitehall, London, England. The sculptor was Franta Belsky and the work was unveiled in 1983.' Is the statement: 'The statue of the Earl Mountbatten is in a remote area.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The statue of the Earl Mountbatten is in a remote area.,{ contradiction } Its not clear how populated the area is. +"Given the premise: 'Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The town dates from the 8th century. Herrlisheim was the scene of very heavy fighting during ""Operation Nordwind"", an offensive launched by the German Army during World War II that inflicted considerable damage to the town.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-western France.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-western France.,{ entailment } It is in north-eastern France not north- western. +" Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg. Upon starting high school, Feynman was quickly promoted into a higher math class. An unspecified school-administered IQ test estimated his IQ at 123—high, but ""merely respectable"" according to biographer James Gleick. When he turned 15, he taught himself trigonometry, advanced algebra, infinite series, analytic geometry, and both differential and integral calculus. In high school he was developing the mathematical intuition behind his Taylor series of mathematical operators. Before entering college, he was experimenting with and deriving mathematical topics such as the half-derivative using his own notation. What IQ score did Feyman attain in high school? ",What IQ score did Feyman attain in high school?, 123 +" Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised ""torment for many years"", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a ""schocking [sic] alternative"". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock. Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign? ",Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign?, was required by social convention +"From the facts presented in 'STOCKHOLM - Sweden's civil protection agency says the country needs more water-dropping resources to fight serious wildfires like the ones last year and improve co-operation between the rescue services. Agency head Dan Eliasson says the path ahead is ""to get us the skills and ability"" to use water-dropping planes before the summer.' , decide if the statement: 'More people are needed to fight wildfires.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",More people are needed to fight wildfires.,"{ entailment } This is probably correct, but the passage says resources are needed and doesn't specify if people are needed or something else." +"Considering the context: 'The McLaren MP4/1 (initially known as the MP4) was a Formula One racing car produced by the McLaren team. It was used during the 1981, 1982 and 1983 seasons. It was the first Formula One car to use a carbon fibre composite monocoque, a concept which is now ubiquitous.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The McLaren MP4/1 won an emmy' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The McLaren MP4/1 won an emmy,{ neutral } its a car +" Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year. The station presented news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Herald. It closed on 25 December 2012 to make way for a new three-channel FM service, also funded by St. Helena Government and run by the South Atlantic Media Services (formerly St. Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee) Corporation). What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with? ",What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with?, St Helena Herald +" Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man. Though the Vikings were eventually neutralised in Ireland, their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford. England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy, in northern France, lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which conquered England, remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day. A century later the marriage of the future Henry II of England to Eleanor of Aquitaine created the Angevin Empire, partially under the French Crown. At the invitation of a provincial king and under the authority of Pope Adrian IV (the only Englishman to be elected pope), the Angevins invaded Ireland in 1169. Though initially intended to be kept as an independent kingdom, the failure of the Irish High King to ensure the terms of the Treaty of Windsor led Henry II, as King of England, to rule as effective monarch under the title of Lord of Ireland. This title was granted to his younger son but when Henry's heir unexpectedly died the title of King of England and Lord of Ireland became entwined in one person. When did the Norman Conquest occur? ",When did the Norman Conquest occur?, 1066 +" The Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. The empire is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and indigenous powers. They fought battles with the Kalingas, Satavahanas, the Indo-Greeks, and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras. Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flowered during this period including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the Stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi. The Shunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of learning and art. The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language. The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place. What was the time span of the Shunga Empire? ",What was the time span of the Shunga Empire?, 187 to 78 BCE +"From the facts presented in 'Mastermind or Master Mind is a code-breaking game for two players. The modern game with pegs was invented in 1970 by Mordecai Meirowitz, an Israeli postmaster and telecommunications expert. It resembles an earlier pencil and paper game called Bulls and Cows that may date back a century or more.' , decide if the statement: 'Mastermind is like playing checkers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Mastermind is like playing checkers.,{ contradiction } It doesn't say specifically if mastermind is similar to any other games or not. +"Given the premise: 'Mount Torrens is a town in the eastern Adelaide Hills region of South Australia, 46 kilometres east-north-east of the state capital, Adelaide and 8 km east of Lobethal along the Onkaparinga River. It is located in the Adelaide Hills Council local government area. At the 2006 census, Mount Torrens had a population of 337.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Mount Torrens is considered a very Southern city in austrailia' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Mount Torrens is considered a very Southern city in austrailia,"{ contradiction } It is in south austrailia, but this statement cannot be proven unless you are australian, and I used the word south" +" During the rule of the succeeding Hanoverian dynasty, power was gradually exercised more by parliament and the government. The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George III and George IV both openly opposed Catholic Emancipation and asserted that to grant assent to a Catholic emancipation bill would violate the Coronation Oath, which required the sovereign to preserve and protect the established Church of England from Papal domination and would grant rights to individuals who were in league with a foreign power which did not recognise their legitimacy. However, George IV reluctantly granted his assent upon the advice of his ministers. Thus, as the concept of ministerial responsibility has evolved, the power to withhold royal assent has fallen into disuse, both in the United Kingdom and in the other Commonwealth realms. What did George III and George IV both oppose? ",What did George III and George IV both oppose?, Catholic Emancipation +" DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of their persistence in the environment and human toxicity. DDT use is not always effective, as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by 1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT. Why have DDTs been banned in some areas? ",Why have DDTs been banned in some areas?, persistence in the environment and human toxicity +" The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city population), Mexican (5,961 or 1.0% of total city population), and Guatemalan (4,451 or 0.7% of total city population) ethnic origin. When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917. In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+. How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston? ",How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?," 175,000+ " +" Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. The record is part of what wind family? ",The record is part of what wind family?, the flute family +" The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region. During which months are portions of the US affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California? ",During which months are portions of the US affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California?, July to September +" Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it. Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying. Which name did Madonna adopted as her confirmation name? ",Which name did Madonna adopted as her confirmation name?, Veronica +"With the given context: 'Jon L. Luther is an American foodservice industry executive. He was the chairman and chief executive officer of Dunkin' Brands. Luther is the Chairman of the Board of the Culinary Institute of America and Arby's Restaurant Group, and a director at Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, Wingstop Restaurants, and Tempur Sealy International.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Luther worked at a company known for their spicey wings' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Luther worked at a company known for their spicey wings,"{ neutral } Wingstop is well known for their combinations of sauces and, of course, wings. Luther did work there in the capacity of director which I guess the model didn't understand due to the lack of knowledge" +"Using the premise: 'How to learn trigonometry
Define the parts of a triangle. At its core, trigonometry is the study of relationships present in triangles. A triangle has three sides and three angles.' , decide if the conclusion: 'A triangle cannot be found in Nova Scotia.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",A triangle cannot be found in Nova Scotia.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do no know whether or not triangles can be found in Nova Scotia, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (Indus River valley of North India) and Anxi (the Parthian Empire). All of these countries eventually received Han embassies. These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China. Which network was used to exchange goods with Rome? ",Which network was used to exchange goods with Rome?, Silk Road +"Examine the information in 'It is Tuesday and here is your thought for today. The greatest statement that can be made about you is the same statement made about the apostles. “They had been with Jesus.” There is an old chorus that makes this very statement. Have you been with Jesus today? Have your prayed and read the bible? Have you had a time of worship. These things help you be with Jesus. Do this today and it will impact your life and others.' Is the statement: 'Jesus is a just a phone call away.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Jesus is a just a phone call away.,{ neutral } My statement is definitely incorrect. You can't call Jesus on the phone. +" In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when the violation is necessary in order to obey a higher-ranked constraint. The approach was soon extended to morphology by John McCarthy and Alan Prince, and has become a dominant trend in phonology. The appeal to phonetic grounding of constraints and representational elements (e.g. features) in various approaches has been criticized by proponents of 'substance-free phonology', especially Mark Hale and Charles Reiss. When did Prince and Smolensky develop their theory? ",When did Prince and Smolensky develop their theory?, 1991 +"Using the premise: 'Nicola or Niccolo Massaro (died 1704) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active in his native city of Naples. He painted mainly marine vedute and landscapes in the style of his master, Salvatore Rosa. One of his colleagues was Marzio Masturzo. One of his pupils was Gaetano Martoriello, and Massaro's son's Girolamo and Gennaro.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Salvatore Rosa was active in the city of Rome' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Salvatore Rosa was active in the city of Rome,{ contradiction } There is no information pertaining to where Salvatore Rosa was active. Niccolo Massaro was active in Naples. +"With the premise: 'Darrell Horcher (born July 28, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Lightweight division of the UFC. A professional mixed martial artist since 2010, he formerly competed for Bellator and the Cage Fury Fighting Championships, where he was the Lightweight Champion.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Darrel Horcher has competed in more than two championships.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Darrel Horcher has competed in more than two championships.,{ entailment } The statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because the context does not specify whether or not Darrel Horcher has competed in more championships that the ones mentioned. +" The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles. The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market? ",The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market?, widening of the market +" From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the ""Queen City"". Seattle's current official nickname is the ""Emerald City"", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the ""Gateway to Alaska"" for being the nearest major city in the contiguous US to Alaska, ""Rain City"" for its frequent cloudy and rainy weather, and ""Jet City"" from the local influence of Boeing. The city has two official slogans or mottos: ""The City of Flowers"", meant to encourage the planting of flowers to beautify the city, and ""The City of Goodwill"", adopted prior to the 1990 Goodwill Games. Seattle residents are known as Seattleites. Since Seattle is near Alaska, what is the city called? ","Since Seattle is near Alaska, what is the city called?", Gateway to Alaska +" Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orthodox men wear a skullcap known as a kipa and often fringes called ""tzitzit"". Haredi men often grow beards and always wear black hats and suits, indoors and outdoors. However, Modern Orthodox Jews are commonly indistinguishable in their dress from those around them. what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf? ",what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf?, hair +" In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century but the majority of the mosaics are works of local artists from the 12th–13th centuries. The decoration of the church was finished only in the 16th century. One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204). The mosaics were executed in the 1220s. When was the sack of Constantinople? ",When was the sack of Constantinople?, 1204 +" The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science. As Thomas Kuhn put it, the history of science may be seen in more nuanced terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science. ""Partly by selection and partly by distortion, the scientists of earlier ages are implicitly presented as having worked upon the same set of fixed problems and in accordance with the same set of fixed canons that the most recent revolution in scientific theory and method made seem scientific."" What idea did social science add to science as a whole? ",What idea did social science add to science as a whole?, positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science +"With the given context: 'A Grand Griffon Vendéen is a breed of hunting dog originating in France. It existed as early as the 16th Century, and was the first of the Vendée griffons to be bred. It is a descendant of the Canis Segusius used by the Gauls, through the so-called King's whites and the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne, which is also an ancestor of the Basset Fauve de Bretagne.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'A Grand Griffon Vendéen existed as early as the century after the 14th.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",A Grand Griffon Vendéen existed as early as the century after the 14th.,{ neutral } A Grand Griffon Vendéen existed as early as the 16th century. The system was confused by the time. +" Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James' ""At Last"" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball. Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than Cadillac Records—on a budget of $20 million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight. Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records? ",Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?, Phoenix House +" Whitehead describes causal efficacy as ""the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."" It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as ""pure sense perception"", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for ""the real thing""). How do the senses affect causal efficacy? ",How do the senses affect causal efficacy?, unmediated by the senses +" Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas. All three unexpectedly landed on the bottom three on the top seven result show, with Hudson controversially eliminated. Elton John, who was one of the mentors that season, called the results of the votes ""incredibly racist"". The prolonged stays of John Stevens and Jasmine Trias in the finals, despite negative comments from the judges, had aroused resentment, so much so that John Stevens reportedly received a death threat, which he dismissed as a joke 'blown out of proportion'. Which season three contestant on American Idol was the recipient of reported death threats? ",Which season three contestant on American Idol was the recipient of reported death threats?, John Stevens +" KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art. The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University. Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas? ",Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?, Anschutz Library +"Based on the details provided in: 'The following is a list of athletes with dual nationality. It includes both players who can trace their origins to a foreign country and those who have attained foreign nationality during their career, as well as players who hail from semi-autonomous regions within countries.' , determine if the claim: 'The list only includes athletes with dual nationality.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The list only includes athletes with dual nationality.,"{ contradiction } Because the agent told me the list was made up of athletes with dual nationality. I think it was difficult for the system because of the ""only"" I included." +"Based on the details provided in: 'A biker is critically ill in hospital after colliding with a lamppost in Pete The incident happened at 1.50pm yesterday in Thorpe Road. The 23-year-old was riding a Lexmoto Arrow 125 when, for an unknown reason, he left the road and collided with a lamppost. He was taken to James Cook University Hospital, in Middlesbrough, where he remains in a critical condition. Any witnesses to the collision are asked to call Durham Police on 101, quoting incident number 288 of July 9.' , determine if the claim: 'The Lamppost was stationary.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Lamppost was stationary.,{ neutral } Lampposts don't typically move. +"With the given context: 'A company investigation turned up metal in roughly 200 pills of the 70 million it passed through a metal detector, according to the FDA.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'A lot of the pills had metal.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",A lot of the pills had metal.,{ entailment } Only 200 out of 70 million had metal. That's a low rate. The system can't do percentages. +" The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup. After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed. Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February. What law made Valencia the capital of its region? ",What law made Valencia the capital of its region?, Statute of Autonomy +" It criticised Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry as an abuse of teacher–student confidentiality and said ""It is clear whichever version of the evidence is accepted that Mr Burke did ask the claimant to assist Prince Harry with text for his expressive art project ... It is not part of this tribunal's function to determine whether or not it was legitimate."" In response to the tribunal's ruling concerning the allegations about Prince Harry, the School issued a statement, saying Forsyth's claims ""were dismissed for what they always have been - unfounded and irrelevant."" A spokesperson from Clarence House said, ""We are delighted that Harry has been totally cleared of cheating."" The School dismissed claims that Prince Harry was cheating by saying the claims were what? ",The School dismissed claims that Prince Harry was cheating by saying the claims were what?, unfounded and irrelevant +" The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the ""Boston Pilgrims"" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves. What was the name of Bostons first baseball team? ",What was the name of Bostons first baseball team?, Red Stockings +" In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church. What does management of canon law aim to regulate? ",What does management of canon law aim to regulate?, external organization and government +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Disenchanted Forest is a 1999 documentary film that follows endangered orphan orangutans on the island of Borneo as they are rehabilitated and returned to their rainforest home. It centres on the three main Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOS) projects - Wanariset, Nyaru Menteng and Mawas. It is narrated by Brooke Shields.' , determine if the claim: 'The Disenchanted Forest is a documentary about orangutans trying to learn how to fly by building their own planes on the tiny island of Borneo' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Disenchanted Forest is a documentary about orangutans trying to learn how to fly by building their own planes on the tiny island of Borneo,"{ neutral } orangutans cannot build planes, so my statement is incorrect" +" Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own ""private"" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised. Zeng Guofan's original intention for the Xiang Army was simply to eradicate the Taiping rebels. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government. Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army? ",Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?, Qi Jiguang +" In coniferous or softwood species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure than that of most hardwoods. There are no vessels (""pores"") in coniferous wood such as one sees so prominently in oak and ash, for example. Are hardwood or softwood species more uniform in structure? ",Are hardwood or softwood species more uniform in structure?, softwood +" Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes. Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe? ",Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe?, The European Socrates-Erasmus Program +"Given the detailed context: 'EyeToy: Play 3 is the third game in the """" series, for up to four players. The camera takes snapshots during the game for your player and is a requirement to play the game. Unlike previous ""EyeToy: Play"" games, ""Play 3"" was not released in North America. Unlike the previous games, 4 players were able to play on screen at the same time as opposed to taking it in turns like the previous games.', judge whether the statement: 'Play 3 was first released in Canada and allows 3 player on screen at the same time, unlike the previous games.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Play 3 was first released in Canada and allows 3 player on screen at the same time, unlike the previous games.","{ neutral } This statement is definitely incorrect because Play 3 was not released in North America, where Canada is located." +" Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city. In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns. Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia fell into Ottoman hands, while Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian. During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive? ",During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive?, 1520–1566 +" The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Thar Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical center of Rajasthan. What is the average elevation of the south-eastern region of Rajasthan? ",What is the average elevation of the south-eastern region of Rajasthan?, 100 to 350 m above sea level + Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. When was the Kao Gong Ji written? ,When was the Kao Gong Ji written?, 7th–5th centuries BCE +" The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religion and ended official support for all other creeds and cults. He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to the Western and Eastern emperors. Ambrose, the influential Bishop of Milan and future saint, wrote urging the rejection of Symmachus's request for tolerance. Yet Theodosius accepted comparison with Hercules and Jupiter as a living divinity in the panegyric of Pacatus, and despite his active dismantling of Rome's traditional cults and priesthoods could commend his heirs to its overwhelmingly Hellenic senate in traditional Hellenic terms.[clarification needed] He was the last emperor of both East and West. What group did Gratian seek the abolish? ",What group did Gratian seek the abolish?, Vestals +" According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that ""Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."" What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians? ",What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?, Brick +" Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an electron acceptor, to release the energy of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis as heat or light may be triggered suddenly by a spark, in a forest fire, or it may be made available more slowly for animal or human metabolism, when these molecules are ingested, and catabolism is triggered by enzyme action. What may be triggered suddenly by a spark? ",What may be triggered suddenly by a spark?, Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis +" Dannatt criticised a remnant ""Cold War mentality"", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the ""land environment""—at a time when Britain was engaged in land-based wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Which years make up the time span mentioned for the military budget numbers? ",Which years make up the time span mentioned for the military budget numbers?, 2003 and 2018 +"Given the context: 'Kiki Shepard (born Chiquita Renee Shepard; July 15, 1951) is an American television host, best known as the longtime co-host of ""It's Showtime at the Apollo"". She is a native of Tyler, Texas. Besides her work on ""Showtime..."", Shepard has also worked as an actress and voice actor.' , classify the statement: 'She hated her career' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",She hated her career,{ contradiction } There's no way to be able to tell whether or not she liked or hated her career. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Nathaniel Robert Bauman (born June 22, 1987 in Petoskey, Michigan) is an American born entertainment consultant and drummer. Currently, he is the drummer for The Band Royale and a monthly contributor for the music publication Modern Drummer. Aside from drumming, he is also known for his development of various start-ups, brands, venues, musicians and athletes.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Nathaniel Bauman celebrated his 42nd birthday on June 22.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Nathaniel Bauman celebrated his 42nd birthday on June 22.,{ neutral } AI probably cannot do math correctly. If he was born in 1987 he cannot be 42. +" The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it ""arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement"". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book's effectiveness is that it ""inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion"" and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set. Young views the novel as ""an act of humanity"" in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices. Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel ""gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view."" What other book did Mark Childress compare it to? ",What other book did Mark Childress compare it to?, Uncle Tom's Cabin +" Despite efforts to revive Hebrew as the national language of the Jewish people, knowledge of the language is not commonly possessed by Jews worldwide and English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora. Although many Jews once had sufficient knowledge of Hebrew to study the classic literature, and Jewish languages like Yiddish and Ladino were commonly used as recently as the early 20th century, most Jews lack such knowledge today and English has by and large superseded most Jewish vernaculars. The three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today are Hebrew, English, and Russian. Some Romance languages, particularly French and Spanish, are also widely used. Yiddish has been spoken by more Jews in history than any other language, but it is far less used today following the Holocaust and the adoption of Modern Hebrew by the Zionist movement and the State of Israel. In some places, the mother language of the Jewish community differs from that of the general population or the dominant group. For example, in Quebec, the Ashkenazic majority has adopted English, while the Sephardic minority uses French as its primary language. Similarly, South African Jews adopted English rather than Afrikaans. Due to both Czarist and Soviet policies, Russian has superseded Yiddish as the language of Russian Jews, but these policies have also affected neighboring communities. Today, Russian is the first language for many Jewish communities in a number of Post-Soviet states, such as Ukraine and Uzbekistan, as well as for Ashkenazic Jews in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Tajikistan. Although communities in North Africa today are small and dwindling, Jews there had shifted from a multilingual group to a monolingual one (or nearly so), speaking French in Algeria, Morocco, and the city of Tunis, while most North Africans continue to use Arabic as their mother tongue.[citation needed] What are the three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today? ",What are the three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today?," Hebrew, English, and Russian " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Kinky is the self-titled album by Mexican group Kinky. It was released on March 26, 2002 on Nettwerk. The most popular song, Cornman, is part of the soundtrack for the PlayStation 3 video game LittleBigPlanet. Another of their songs, ""Más"", is featured in the PS2 video game SSX 3 and in the 2004 film Man on Fire.' . Does the hypothesis: '""Más"", is featured in the Play Station 2 video game.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","""Más"", is featured in the Play Station 2 video game.",{ contradiction } Play Station 2 = PS2. The system did not know that. +"Consider the premise in: 'Anthony ""Tony"" Ulasewicz (December 14, 1918 in New York, United States – December 17, 1997 in Glens Falls, New York) was a figure in the Watergate scandal, delivering hundreds of thousands of dollars in ""hush money"" to Watergate defendants G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt. He also investigated the lives of notable Democrats like Senator Edward M. Kennedy. He was of Polish descent.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Tony knew a lot about the Kennedies.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Tony knew a lot about the Kennedies.,"{ entailment } Even though the context tells us Tony investigated the Kennedies, we do not know the extent of the information Tony gathered about them. " +" In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft. Most children born in the city died before reaching their third birthday. The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press. On average, when did children born in the City of London die? ","On average, when did children born in the City of London die? ", before reaching their third birthday +" Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. ""Everyone likes flattery,"" he said, ""and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel."" With the phrase ""we authors, Ma'am"", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were ""a public meeting rather than a woman"". Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston? ",Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston?, Russell +"With the given context: 'Orphan X is a 2016 thriller novel written by Gregg Hurwitz. It is the first in a five-book series of the same name from publisher Minotaur Books with the film rights belonging to Warner Bros. Bradley Cooper is likely to produce and possibly star the movie.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Bradley Cooper was not happy with the director and fired him in the middle of the movie' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Bradley Cooper was not happy with the director and fired him in the middle of the movie,{ contradiction } This may or may not have happened +" Modern separation techniques such as milling, centrifugation, and pressing have enabled concentration of particular components of food, yielding flour, oils, juices, and so on, and even separate fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Inevitably, such large-scale concentration changes the nutritional content of food, saving certain nutrients while removing others. Heating techniques may also reduce food's content of many heat-labile nutrients such as certain vitamins and phytochemicals, and possibly other yet-to-be-discovered substances. Because of reduced nutritional value, processed foods are often 'enriched' or 'fortified' with some of the most critical nutrients (usually certain vitamins) that were lost during processing. Nonetheless, processed foods tend to have an inferior nutritional profile compared to whole, fresh foods, regarding content of both sugar and high GI starches, potassium/sodium, vitamins, fiber, and of intact, unoxidized (essential) fatty acids. In addition, processed foods often contain potentially harmful substances such as oxidized fats and trans fatty acids. What kind of nutritional value do the processed foods have in comparison to their fresh variants? ",What kind of nutritional value do the processed foods have in comparison to their fresh variants?, reduced +" Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that ""a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."" Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old. What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God? ",What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?," ""a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."" " +"From the facts presented in 'press release: Happy Anniversary to all of us! The Sequoya Library is celebrating 10 years in our ""new"" building at 4340 Tokay Blvd and everyone is invited to the party! Join us from 1-4pm on Saturday, November 10, to learn about the community groups that use the library, try your hand at screenprinting, add to a community art project and more. And did we mention there will be cake?! All ages are welcome.' , decide if the statement: 'Participants can eat cake in the library.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Participants can eat cake in the library.,"{ neutral } It is correct, I think it is difficult because the party isn't mentioned." +"From the facts presented in 'The UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science (informally the Jill Dando Institute or the JDI) is an institute of crime science located in London, United Kingdom and a part of University College London (UCL). It was founded in 2001, becoming the first university institute in the world devoted specifically to crime science.' , decide if the statement: 'The JDI was the first school in Europe devoted to crime science.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The JDI was the first school in Europe devoted to crime science.,"{ neutral } JDI was first in the world, so it was definitely first in Europe." +" Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. ""White"" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. What shape do grapes usually resemble? ",What shape do grapes usually resemble?, prolate spheroid +" Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2011 IEA report said: ""A portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost-competitive in an increasingly broad range of circumstances, in some cases providing investment opportunities without the need for specific economic support,"" and added that ""cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue."" As of 2011[update], there have been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies: As of what year have there been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies? ",As of what year have there been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?, 2011 +" The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for ""Nazarene"", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning ""Christian"", derived from tars, meaning ""fear, respect"". What is the Syriac word for Nazarene? ",What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?, Nasrānī +"Given the detailed context: 'Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu (English translation: ""Hariharan Pillai is happy"") is a 2003 Malayalam film by Viswanath starring Mohanlal and Jyothirmayi. This was Viswanathan's debut film as a director and the debut music directorial venture of renowned pianist and arranger, Stephen Devassy.', judge whether the statement: 'Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu was filmed in Asia' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu was filmed in Asia,"{ contradiction } We know that the people involved in the movie were Indian (based on language/name/description as a ""Malayalam film,"" but that doesn't necessarily mean the movie was filmed in India" +"Given the premise: 'Tartuffe, or The Impostor, or The Hypocrite ( ; French: ""Tartuffe, ou l'Imposteur"" , ] ), first performed in 1664, is one of the most famous theatrical comedies by Molière. The characters of Tartuffe, Elmire, and Orgon are considered among the greatest classical theatre roles.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Tartuffe was performed before America became a country' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Tartuffe was performed before America became a country,"{ neutral } America became its own country after 1776, Tartuffe was first performed in 1664" +" More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in the levels of corruption amongst high-income democracies can vary significantly depending on the level of accountability of decision-makers. Evidence from fragile states also shows that corruption and bribery can adversely impact trust in institutions. Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what? ",Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what?, bought and sold +"Analyze the premise: 'Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG 9) (English: Border Protection Group 9 ) is the elite Police Tactical Unit of the German Federal Police (German: ""Bundespolizei"" ). GSG 9 counterparts on the state level are the Special Deployment Commandos (German: ""Spezialeinsatzkommandos (SEK)"" ).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'In the context, ""Bundespolizei"" does not appear in quotation marks.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In the context, ""Bundespolizei"" does not appear in quotation marks.","{ entailment } The statement is incorrect because ""Bundespolizei"" DOES appear in quotation marks in the context. Maybe the AI has trouble sometimes understanding the somewhat self-referential concept of ""the context"", and maybe it doesn't know what quotation marks are?" +" Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin. Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier. Who performs research for Bond? ",Who performs research for Bond?, Moneypenny +"Examine the premise: 'The call was made to “Proto Thema” in the morning hours of Wednesday A phone call warning of multiple bombs that will explode at 10:30′ at the at the Court of Appeals and the Courthouse at Evelpidon, Athens was made just before the 8:00′ in the morning to “Proto Thema”. “Proto Thema” immediately informed the police. The person did not give any more details and said a manifesto for the Prespa Agreement will be sent within the next few days.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Proto Thema talked to the police over the phone' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Proto Thema talked to the police over the phone,{ entailment } It didn't state how Proto Thema contacted the police +" Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization. Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies? ",Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?, Verité +" ""We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate,"" he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed? ","If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?", motion to recommit and get a vote on that +"With the given context: 'Walking on Sunshine is a 2014 British romantic musical comedy-drama film directed by Max Giwa and Diana Pasquini. The film features covers of songs from the 1980s and was released on 27 June 2014. It is also a debut role for singer-songwriter Leona Lewis.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The film is filled with singing and is similar to what you would see on broadway' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The film is filled with singing and is similar to what you would see on broadway,{ neutral } it states that the film is a musical and musicals are what are played on broadway +" In a study published in the Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, and reported on in early May 2014, researchers from the University of Portsmouth in the UK discussed findings from examining the illegal downloading behavior of 6,000 Finnish people, aged seven to 84. The list of reasons for downloading given by the study respondents included money saving; the ability to access material not on general release, or before it was released; and assisting artists to avoid involvement with record companies and movie studios. What researchers conducted a study in the early part of May 2014? ",What researchers conducted a study in the early part of May 2014?, University of Portsmouth +" The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading performing arts ensembles, the auditorium also broadcasts Grand Opera performances from New York's Metropolitan Opera on giant, high definition screens. In 2007 National Auditorium was selected world's best venue by multiple genre media. How many people does the National Auditorium hold? ",How many people does the National Auditorium hold?," 10,000 " +" In Western culture, the study of politics is first found in Ancient Greece. The antecedents of European politics trace their roots back even earlier than Plato and Aristotle, particularly in the works of Homer, Hesiod, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Euripides. Later, Plato analyzed political systems, abstracted their analysis from more literary- and history- oriented studies and applied an approach we would understand as closer to philosophy. Similarly, Aristotle built upon Plato's analysis to include historical empirical evidence in his analysis. Where did studying politics originate? ",Where did studying politics originate?, Ancient Greece +"Given the context: 'Mr Lopez Obrador has alleged electoral fraud cost him the presidency, despite a recount confirming Felipe Calderon as Mexico's president-elect.' , classify the statement: 'Obra alleged electoral fraud' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Obra alleged electoral fraud,{ entailment } Obra isn't a person making my statement incorrect the model has problems with spelling +" A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. ""If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species."" At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the ""Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment"", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP). Who conducted the 2007 study? ",Who conducted the 2007 study?, National Science Foundation +"Based on the details provided in: 'In 1869 Sumner resigned his see, but continued to live at the official residence at Farnham until his death on the 15th of August 1874.' , determine if the claim: 'Sumner was unemployed from 1869 until his death.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sumner was unemployed from 1869 until his death.,"{ contradiction } He ""resigned his see"" but he may have been otherwise employed elsewhere." +"Examine the information in 'Take Two is a duet album by Motown label mates Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston, released August 25, 1966 on the Motown's Tamla label. The album was titled after its most successful selection, the Top 5 R&B/Top 20 Pop hit ""It Takes Two"", which was to this point Gaye's most successful duet with another singer. The album also featured the modest hit ""What Good Am I Without You?"".' Is the statement: 'Take Two was released more than 1000 seconds ago.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Take Two was released more than 1000 seconds ago.,{ contradiction } It was released over 50 years ago which is well over 1000 seconds. It's difficult because I used seconds as the measurement. +"Examine the premise: 'The Burial Mound (""Kjæmpehøjen"") was Henrik Ibsen's second play and his first play to be performed. It is a three-act verse drama, written in 1850 when Ibsen was 22 years old. The play was first performed at the Christiania Theater on 26 September 1850, under Ibsen's pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Henrik Ibsen had 2 plays performed before The Burial Mound.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Henrik Ibsen had 2 plays performed before The Burial Mound.,"{ entailment } The passage states ""his first play to be performed."" therefore he could not have had performed before. " +"Examine the information in 'This is a list of feature films produced by the Fox Film Corporation, including those films produced by its corporate predecessor, the Box Office Attractions Company. Some of the later films in this list were produced by Fox Film, but were released and distributed by 20th Century Fox after the 1935 merger with Twentieth Century Pictures.' Is the statement: 'Fox Film Corporation produced films before Box Office Attractions Company.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Fox Film Corporation produced films before Box Office Attractions Company.,{ entailment } Box Office Attractions Company was the predecessor to Fox Film Corporation. The context of the statement fooled the system. +" According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the ""matter"" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about what these are made of. What type of matter does the model consider it to be? ",What type of matter does the model consider it to be?, dark matter +" Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast. Name at least two major suburbs of Richmond. ",Name at least two major suburbs of Richmond.," Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast " +" The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I.T. centres of the city – such as Amazon.com, the online retailer, which has set up in Cork Airport Business Park. What online retail giant has operations at the Cork Airport Business Park? ",What online retail giant has operations at the Cork Airport Business Park?, Amazon.com +" The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname ""Skid Road"", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term which later entered the wider American lexicon as Skid Row.) Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder. After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline? ","After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline?", Skid Row +" In higher organisms (like people), these two modes of perception combine into what Whitehead terms ""symbolic reference"", which links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it. By way of illustration, Whitehead uses the example of a person's encounter with a chair. An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair. However, an artist, Whitehead supposes, ""might not have jumped to the notion of a chair"", but instead ""might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape."" This is not the normal human reaction; most people place objects in categories by habit and instinct, without even thinking about it. Moreover, animals do the same thing. Using the same example, Whitehead points out that a dog ""would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."" In this way symbolic reference is a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, and that it is in fact the causal relationships that dominate the more basic mentality (as the dog illustrates), while it is the sense perceptions which indicate a higher grade mentality (as the artist illustrates). What does symbolic reference link appearance with? ",What does symbolic reference link appearance with?, causation +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Mayor (, lit. ""Special Citizen"") is a 2017 South Korean political drama film written and directed by Park In-je. It stars Choi Min-sik, Kwak Do-won, Shim Eun-kyung, Moon So-ri, Ra Mi-ran, Ryu Hye-young and Ki Hong Lee. The film was released in South Korea on April 26, 2017 and in the US and Canada on April 28.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Mayor was released first in the US.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Mayor was released first in the US.,{ neutral } The Mayor was released first in Canada. +"Analyze the premise: 'In the state of Texas, United States, local schools are typically operated as independent school districts or consolidated school districts. Consolidated School Districts are typically one or more independent school districts that were consolidated due to low attendance or governance issues. Independent School Districts typically serve one community, but sometimes serve multiple small communities.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'One couldn't tell if a school is an independent or consolidated school district' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",One couldn't tell if a school is an independent or consolidated school district,"{ contradiction } Some can, some can't. " +" Groups are also applied in many other mathematical areas. Mathematical objects are often examined by associating groups to them and studying the properties of the corresponding groups. For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group. By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image at the right shows some loops in a plane minus a point. The blue loop is considered null-homotopic (and thus irrelevant), because it can be continuously shrunk to a point. The presence of the hole prevents the orange loop from being shrunk to a point. The fundamental group of the plane with a point deleted turns out to be infinite cyclic, generated by the orange loop (or any other loop winding once around the hole). This way, the fundamental group detects the hole. What topological properties translate into properties of groups? ",What topological properties translate into properties of groups?, proximity and continuity +"Reflect on the information in: 'Allen West (born October 17, 1967, Brandon, Florida) is an American death metal guitarist who has been a member of Massacre, Obituary, Six Feet Under, Lowbrow, and Southwicked. He is considered to be a pioneering figure of the death metal genre in the 1980s.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Allen West will be 52 years old on his next birthday.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Allen West will be 52 years old on his next birthday.,{ contradiction } this is correct because 2019 minus 1967 will make him 52 on his birthday in October. The AI wasn't able to do the math +" A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing. More significantly, non-functional dimensions of quality (how it is supposed to be versus what it is supposed to do)—usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability—can be highly subjective; something that constitutes sufficient value to one person may be intolerable to another. What is the primary issue with running software testing? ",What is the primary issue with running software testing?, testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible +"Reflect on the information in: 'The 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the twentieth edition of the U-20 World Cup since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship. The competition took place for the first time in New Zealand, the third time on Oceanian soil after Australia staged the 1981 and 1993 editions. A total of 52 matches were played in seven host cities.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Australia voted to allow New Zealand the rights to host the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup after hosting the 1981 and 1993 editions.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Australia voted to allow New Zealand the rights to host the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup after hosting the 1981 and 1993 editions.,{ contradiction } There's no way of telling whether Australia voted to let New Zealand host the 2015 World Cup. +" Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour. How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas? ",How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas?, one foreign tour every four years +"With the given context: 'Errol Leslie Flynn (20 June 1909 – 14 October 1959) was an Australian-born American actor who achieved fame in Hollywood after 1935. He was known for his romantic swashbuckler roles in Hollywood films, as well as frequent partnerships with Olivia de Havilland. He became a U.S. citizen in 1942.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Errol Leslie Flynn lived to be sixty-two.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Errol Leslie Flynn lived to be sixty-two.,{ entailment } Based on the born and died years he didn't live that long. +"Consider the premise in: 'The Master of Revenge () is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Chun Jung-myung, Jo Jae-hyun, Jeong Yoo-mi, Lee Sang-yeob and Gong Seung-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from April 27, 2016 to June 30, 2016 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Master of Revenge was produced in the southern hemisphere' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Master of Revenge was produced in the southern hemisphere,{ neutral } does not understand geographical hemispheres well +"Given the premise: '""Your Love Had Taken Me That High"" is a song written by Jack Dunham and Galen Raye, and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in November 1978 as the second single from his album, ""Conway"". The song peaked at No. 3 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached No. 1 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart in Canada.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: '""Your Love Had Taken Me That High"" was released before the year 2007.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","""Your Love Had Taken Me That High"" was released before the year 2007.",{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because it was released in 1978. It's difficult because the system seems to struggle at comparing dates and understanding which dates come before/after certain dates. +"From the facts presented in 'Hard Landing is a 2004 thriller novel by British author Stephen Leather. Published in 2004 by Hodder & Stoughton, it is the first book in the Dan ‘Spider’ Shepherd series. ""Hard Landing"" is an international bestseller and is available in ebook and paperback.' , decide if the statement: 'There were other books to follow after Hard Landing was released.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",There were other books to follow after Hard Landing was released.,{ neutral } it says that Hard Landing was the first book in the series so there are others that follow but the wording indicated to the AI that it was neither. +"Given the context: 'Bye Bye Birdie is a 1963 American musical comedy film from Columbia Pictures. It is a film adaptation of the stage production of the same name. The screenplay was adapted from Michael Stewart's book for the musical by Irving Brecher, with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Lee Adams.' , classify the statement: 'Michael Stewart did not write the screenplay for Bye Bye Birdie.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Michael Stewart did not write the screenplay for Bye Bye Birdie.,"{ contradiction } Irving Brecher wrote the screenplay, which was an adaptation of a book by Michael Stewart." +"Given the context: 'Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (""""Supporters of Islamic Law in Tunisia"""") is a radical Islamist group that operates in Tunisia. It has around 1,000 people as part of the movement. It has been listed as a terrorist group by the Tunisian government as well by the United Nations, the UAE, the United Kingdom and the United States. Some of its members may be linked to the 2015 Sousse attacks.' , classify the statement: 'Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia has around as many members as the Catholic Church.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia has around as many members as the Catholic Church.,"{ neutral } The Catholic Church has millions of members, but the system may not have been able to get this information from the wording of my statement." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Wonders of the Universe is a 2011 book by the theoretical physicists Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen. The book is about cosmology and the universe, and is explained in a way that is accessible to a general reader. The book is based on a series with the same name ""Wonders of the Universe"".' , determine if the claim: 'Wonders of the Universe was finished in 2010' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Wonders of the Universe was finished in 2010,"{ contradiction } We know it was published in 2011, but we do not know when it was finished. There is often time between a book being finished and published in order to market it." +"Consider the premise in: 'In Greek mythology, the Hesperides ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἑσπερίδες , ] ) are the nymphs of evening and golden light of sunset, who were the ""Daughters of the Evening"" or ""Nymphs of the West"". They tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, located near the Atlas mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus, the world-ocean.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Hesperides are not real beings' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Hesperides are not real beings,{ neutral } system seems not to understand what mythology is +"Analyze the premise: 'How to get your cat to tolerate a bath
Begin bathing your cat when they are a kitten. Introduce your cat to the water when they are still a kitten so they can get accustomed to bathing. [substeps] You should also let your cat get used to being in the sink or the tub a few weeks before you bathe them.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Adult cats are easier to bathe than kittens.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Adult cats are easier to bathe than kittens.,{ neutral } The paragraph states it is best to start bathing cats when they are kittens +" Min Nan texts, all Hokkien, can be dated back to the 16th century. One example is the Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china, presumably written after 1587 by the Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines. Another is a Ming Dynasty script of a play called Romance of the Lychee Mirror (1566), supposedly the earliest Southern Min colloquial text. Xiamen University has also developed an alphabet based on Pinyin, which has been published in a dictionary called the Minnan Fangyan-Putonghua Cidian (閩南方言普通話詞典) and a language teaching book, which is used to teach the language to foreigners and Chinese non-speakers. It is known as Pumindian. What year was Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china written? ",What year was Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china written?, after 1587 +" In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont. What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors? ",What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors?, 12.2 +"From the information in: 'Ashton-under-Lyne bus station is a bus station that is located in the town of Ashton-under-Lyne in Greater Manchester, run by Transport for Greater Manchester. The bus station is situated on Wellington Road and adjoins the Arcades Shopping Centre. The bus station was opened in 1994 and replaced the previous bus station that was built on the current site.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The station has been on Wellington Road for over thirty years.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The station has been on Wellington Road for over thirty years.,{ neutral } The statement is definitely incorrect because the bus station was built in 1994. The system did not recognize that 1994 was not over thirty years ago. +" Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013–14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012–13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014–15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference? ","Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference?", Central Collegiate Hockey Association +" The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. Who leads the CAF? ",Who leads the CAF?, the Chief of the Defence Staff +" An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men: Socrates, Pythagoras, and ""the wise king"" of the Jews. Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the ""king of the Jews"" is about the crucifixion of Jesus, while others place less value in the letter, given the possible ambiguity in the reference. What does the letter reference? ",What does the letter reference?, retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men +" Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that ""Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-Indo-European *kal-n-eH2 'hill', through a local relational suffix -aik-, so meaning 'the hill (people)'; or either from Proto-Celtic *kallī- 'forest', so meaning 'the forest (people)'. In any case, Galicia, being per se a derivation of the ethnic name Kallaikói, would mean 'the land of the Galicians'. What does Galicia's name mean? ",What does Galicia's name mean?, the land of the Galicians +" Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outside the government, determine the curriculum and accreditation of new schools and colleges. Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling. Arabic colleges (over eleven of which exist within the state-run University of Calicut and the Kannur University) provide B.A. and Masters' level degrees. At all levels, instruction is co-educational, with many women instructors and professors. Islamic education boards are independently run by the following organizations, accredited by the Kerala state government: Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board, Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools? ",Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?, State-appointed committees +" Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him. His Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, are treatises giving a synoptic view of Aristotelian doctrine, though Metaphysics demonstrates a significant departure from the brand of Neoplatonism known as Aristotelianism in Ibn Sīnā's world; Arabic philosophers[who?][year needed] have hinted at the idea that Ibn Sīnā was attempting to ""re-Aristotelianise"" Muslim philosophy in its entirety, unlike his predecessors, who accepted the conflation of Platonic, Aristotelian, Neo- and Middle-Platonic works transmitted into the Muslim world. What is a rare discipline that Avicenna worked on? ",What is a rare discipline that Avicenna worked on?, alchemy +"Analyze the premise: 'Tonight the topic will be domestic affairs, but the format will be the same as that first debate. I'll moderate our discussion under detailed rules agreed to by the candidates, but the questions and the areas to be covered were chosen by me. I have not told the candidates or anyone else what they are.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'the topic will be domestic affairs, moderated on rules and questions agreed to by the candidates.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","the topic will be domestic affairs, moderated on rules and questions agreed to by the candidates.","{ entailment } i wrote ""the topic will be domestic affairs, moderated on rules and QUESTIONS agreed to by the candidates.""" +" During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes. Which time period came into the spotlight, during the fall of 2004? ","Which time period came into the spotlight, during the fall of 2004?", the late 1960s and early 1970s +" Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Constantine had triumphed under the signum (sign) of the Christ: Christianity was therefore officially embraced along with traditional religions and from his new Eastern capital, Constantine could be seen to embody both Christian and Hellenic religious interests. He may have officially ended – or attempted to end – blood sacrifices to the genius of living emperors but his Imperial iconography and court ceremonial outstripped Diocletian's in their supra-human elevation of the Imperial hierarch. His later direct intervention in Church affairs proved a political masterstroke. Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and ""divus"". What edict defined imperial ideas as being those of toleration? ",What edict defined imperial ideas as being those of toleration?, edict of Milan +"Reflect on the information in: 'Project Gasbuggy was an underground nuclear detonation carried out by the United States Atomic Energy Commission on December 10, 1967 in rural northern New Mexico. It was part of Operation Plowshare, a program designed to find peaceful uses for nuclear explosions.' . Does the hypothesis: 'It started on December 9, 1967.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","It started on December 9, 1967.",{ neutral } The date was the 10th not the 9th. +"Using the premise: 'William Stanley Beveridge (July 1, 1909 - February 13, 1995) was a professional ice hockey goaltender who played 9 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Cougars, Ottawa Senators, St. Louis Eagles, Montreal Maroons and New York Rangers.' , decide if the conclusion: 'After 1995, William Stanley Beveridge did not play for the New York Rangers.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","After 1995, William Stanley Beveridge did not play for the New York Rangers.",{ neutral } William Stanley Beveridge could not have played for the New York Rangers or any other team after the date of his death in 1995 because he would have been deceased. +" Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). Which current affects Paris' weather? ",Which current affects Paris' weather?, North Atlantic Current +" He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device that helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, including the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and later others, to approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes. Feynman's mental picture for these diagrams started with the hard sphere approximation, and the interactions could be thought of as collisions at first. It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman diagrams more closely. Feynman painted Feynman diagrams on the exterior of his van. What did Feynman digrams allow him and others to do? ",What did Feynman digrams allow him and others to do?, approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes +" The Gram stain, developed in 1884 by Hans Christian Gram, characterises bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the ""Gram-positive"" cell wall stain purple, while the thin ""Gram-negative"" cell wall appears pink. By combining morphology and Gram-staining, most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci and Gram-negative bacilli). Some organisms are best identified by stains other than the Gram stain, particularly mycobacteria or Nocardia, which show acid-fastness on Ziehl–Neelsen or similar stains. Other organisms may need to be identified by their growth in special media, or by other techniques, such as serology. What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained? ",What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained?, purple +" From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle. The Government of India Act 1935 was a major success in this regard. All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947. What leader started a mass movement against British rule? ",What leader started a mass movement against British rule?, Mahatma Gandhi +" In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors. Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms? ",Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?, (gigaflops) +" The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level. What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago? ","What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago?", Sangamonian +"Given the detailed context: 'Jesse Ball (born June 7, 1978) is an American novelist and poet. He has published novels, volumes of poetry, short stories, and drawings. His works are distinguished by the use of a spare style and have been compared to those of Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino.', judge whether the statement: 'Jesse Ball produced works with a sparse style and Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino were his main influences.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jesse Ball produced works with a sparse style and Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino were his main influences.,{ entailment } The statement said that Jesse Ball produced works with a sparse style and that he was compared to Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino. It doesn't say however that they were his main influences but they could have been in reality. +" More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance. When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published? ",When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?, 1868 +"Examine the information in 'Tilman Frasch is a historian working at Manchester Metropolitan University. He is a leading expert in Burmese historical sources of the Pagan period. Frasch received his PhD in Heidelberg in 1994 with a work about the Pagan kingdom, titled ""Pagan: Stadt und Staat.' Is the statement: 'Frasch became a doctor six years prior to the turn of the century.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Frasch became a doctor six years prior to the turn of the century.,{ neutral } This was 1994. +"Given the premise: 'RM Films International is a film distribution company based in Hollywood, California. It was started by filmmaker Russ Meyer to distribute his movies. Since Meyer’s death in 2004, RM Films International has been owned and operated by the Russ Meyer Charitable Trust and is a recognized 501(c) private foundation.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'RM Fils is a non profit film company based in California's capital.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",RM Fils is a non profit film company based in California's capital.,"{ entailment } RM films is based in Hollywood, California. Sacramento is the capital of California, not Hollywood. I think the system was fooled because it did not know what the capital of California was." +"Using the premise: 'How to handle being in love with two people
Look into any differences between how you love each person. If you find yourself in love with two people, these people may be meeting different emotional needs. Identifying the different reasons you love each person can help you figure out how to move forward.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Thinking about the reasons for this situation may resolve it' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Thinking about the reasons for this situation may resolve it,{ neutral } This is just rephrasing the advice given +"With the premise: 'Justin Smith (born 9 August 1977 in Narromine, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league footballer. A utility player, Smith played for the St. George Illawarra Dragons, South Sydney Rabbitohs and the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League (NRL).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Smith grew up in New Zealand' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Smith grew up in New Zealand,{ contradiction } Doesn't say where he grew up +" The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly filled with small fecal pellets may be evidence that earthworms were present in the early Triassic period from 251 to 245 million years ago. Body fossils going back to the mid Ordovician, from 472 to 461 million years ago, have been tentatively classified as oligochaetes, but these identifications are uncertain and some have been disputed. What era did oligochaetes evolve in? ",What era did oligochaetes evolve in?, early Cretaceous +" The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becoming Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic. Ruling by decree, he implemented measures to remove what he viewed as foreign imperialist influence from Libya, and strengthened ties to Arab nationalist governments. Intent on pushing Libya towards ""Islamic socialism"", he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and nationalized the oil industry, using the increased revenues to bolster the military, implement social programs and fund revolutionary militants across the world. In 1973 he initiated a ""Popular Revolution"" with the formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), purported to be a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions. He outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in The Green Book. What was Gaddafi's ethnicity? ",What was Gaddafi's ethnicity?, Bedouin +"Reflect on the information in: 'Darrell Abbott (August 20, 1966 – December 8, 2004), also known as Diamond Darrell and Dimebag Darrell, was an American musician and songwriter who was a co-founder of Pantera alongside his brother Vinnie Paul, and founder of Damageplan. He was considered to be one of the driving forces behind groove metal.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Pantera and Damageplan were two bands active at the same time.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Pantera and Damageplan were two bands active at the same time.,{ entailment } The text mentions Darrell Abbott was in both bands but does not specify his active years in either or which years the two bands were active. +" Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great ""Sumerian renaissance"", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites) who were to found several competing local powers including Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and eventually Babylon. The last of these eventually came to dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC. The Sumerian language continued as a sacerdotal language taught in schools in Babylonia and Assyria, much as Latin was used in the Medieval period, for as long as cuneiform was utilized. Even during the 3rd dynasty, what was happening to the racial makeup of the region? ","Even during the 3rd dynasty, what was happening to the racial makeup of the region?", more Semitic than Sumerian +" In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3. With whom did Chopin go to Berlin? ",With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?, Feliks Jarocki +" Men typically wore a toga, and women a stola. The woman's stola differed in looks from a toga, and was usually brightly coloured. The cloth and the dress distinguished one class of people from the other class. The tunic worn by plebeians, or common people, like shepherds and slaves, was made from coarse and dark material, whereas the tunic worn by patricians was of linen or white wool. A knight or magistrate would wear an augusticlavus, a tunic bearing small purple studs. Senators wore tunics with broad red stripes, called tunica laticlavia. Military tunics were shorter than the ones worn by civilians. Boys, up until the festival of Liberalia, wore the toga praetexta, which was a toga with a crimson or purple border. The toga virilis, (or toga pura) was worn by men over the age of 16 to signify their citizenship in Rome. The toga picta was worn by triumphant generals and had embroidery of their skill on the battlefield. The toga pulla was worn when in mourning.[citation needed] Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping? ",Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?, Senators +"Based on the details provided in: 'Termed ""Operation Baylout"", the group claims that hundreds of volunteers are taking part in coordinated efforts to jam the websites of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry and MAQS, a law firm working with the prosecution in the Pirate Bay case. As of Friday evening MAQS's website read ""Our website is currently under attack and we have therefore decided to shut it down until the attack ceases."" The group is also coordinating efforts to jam the fax lines of the MPAA's anti-piracy office and of prosecuting attorney Monique Wadsted. Andrew Norton of Pirate Party International rejected the attacks, saying, ""While we can't condone these acts, it does show there is a wealth of feeling that opposes the decisions and actions of this trade body.' , determine if the claim: 'A group of lawyers pronounces that people want to bottleneck the site' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",A group of lawyers pronounces that people want to bottleneck the site,"{ contradiction } It states that a law firm working against the case belibes that hundreds of people are going to jam, another word for bottleneck, the website" +" In the Battle of Cowan's Ford, Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan's Ford on February 1, 1781, in an attempt to engage General Morgan's forces during a tactical withdrawal. Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene's newly recruited forces. Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present-day Greensboro on March 15, 1781. Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle, their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling. Following this ""Pyrrhic victory"", Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements, and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army. This decision would result in Cornwallis' eventual defeat at Yorktown, Virginia, later in 1781. The Patriots' victory there guaranteed American independence. After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where? ","After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where?", Virginia coastline +" In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know ""everything that was being done in those ministries"", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration. Documents released in 2009 (but not used in the court case) reveal that Shell regularly made payments to the Nigerian military in order to prevent protests. For what purpose did Shell make regular payments to the entity cited in the documents released in 2009? ",For what purpose did Shell make regular payments to the entity cited in the documents released in 2009?, to prevent protests +" Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine Ann ""Tina"" Knowles (née Beyincé), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager. Beyoncé's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name. Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child. Mathew is African-American, while Tina is of Louisiana Creole descent (with African, Native American, French, Cajun, and distant Irish and Spanish ancestry). Through her mother, Beyoncé is a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard. She was raised in a Methodist household. What is the name of Beyoncé's younger sister? ",What is the name of Beyoncé's younger sister?, Solange +"From the facts presented in 'Were I to have had the opportunity to elaborate on the comments that I began, I would demonstrate to the member opposite that the amount of latitude leads us into the situation where we have to wonder whether the bill, as currently written, is going to have the effect that we desire.' , decide if the statement: 'The speaker is unsure about the bill' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The speaker is unsure about the bill,{ neutral } The speaker's statement reflects the words written in the statement making my statement correct. The model was probably looking for a certain pattern of words. My statement passed because it didn't reflect that pattern of words. +" The view of the Roman Catholic Church is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered churches but rather that they are ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant communities have no sacramental ministerial priesthood and therefore lack true apostolic succession. According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same view on the subject. What is lacking in Protestantism, according to the Roman Catholic Church? ","What is lacking in Protestantism, according to the Roman Catholic Church?", true apostolic succession +" Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before. To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning. The combined three forms of reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach ""presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth"". What did fallibilism say? ",What did fallibilism say?, the conclusions of science are always tentative +"Given the detailed context: 'The Return of the Condor Heroes, also called The Giant Eagle and Its Companion, is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). It is the second part of the ""Condor Trilogy"" and was preceded by ""The Legend of the Condor Heroes"" and followed by ""The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber"". It was first serialised between 20 May 1959 and 5 July 1961 in the Hong Kong newspaper ""Ming Pao"".', judge whether the statement: 'The Return of the Condor Heroes was not the only novel that Louis Cha ever wrote' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Return of the Condor Heroes was not the only novel that Louis Cha ever wrote,"{ neutral } The Return of the Condor Heroes is part of a trilogy, so my statement that it is not the only novel written by the author must be correct" +"Based on the details provided in: 'The 1986–87 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1986–87 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Lou Carnesecca in his nineteenth year at the school. St. John's home games are played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference.' , determine if the claim: 'Lou Carnesecca's first season as coach of the St. John's Redmen basketball team was in 1974.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lou Carnesecca's first season as coach of the St. John's Redmen basketball team was in 1974.,"{ entailment } His 19th season as coach was in 1986, therefore his first season as coach was in 1967, not 1974. It's difficult because this requires a complex understanding of the text and some mathematical calculations as well." +" Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation. What sector provides key communication services? ",What sector provides key communication services?, telecom +"Analyze the premise: 'Almost Sunrise is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Michael Collins. It recounts the story of two Iraq veterans, Tom Voss and Anthony Anderson, who, in an attempt to put their combat experience behind them, embark on a 2,700-mile trek on foot across America. It made its world premiere on the opening night of the Telluride Mountainfilm Festival on 27 May, 2016.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Tom and Anthony have both killed someone.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tom and Anthony have both killed someone.,"{ contradiction } The prompt references combat experience, but is vague, so you don't know if that entailed killing anyone. The system might have gotten this wrong because it doesn't understand the relationship between combat in Iraq and death." +" The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League. How many members does the European Club Association elect for the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee? ",How many members does the European Club Association elect for the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?, The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee +"Using the premise: 'An election campaign was held ahead of a general election for the 54th Parliament of New South Wales on Saturday, 24 March 2007. The result—a win for the social-democratic Australian Labor Party and its new leader Morris Iemma—was widely perceived as a foregone conclusion, with opposition leader Peter Debnam conceding as much the week before the poll.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Morris Iemma later resigned and joined the opposition party' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Morris Iemma later resigned and joined the opposition party,{ contradiction } She may or may not have resigned to join the opposition party +"From the information in: 'The Sector 15A locality in Noida, India, which is considered an elite enclave of rich industrialists, bureaucrats and professionals was in for a shock when Anant Gupta, son of Adobe India CEO Naresh Gupta was abducted in broad daylight by two unidentified men on Monday. The Noida police was subsequently notified but they were unable to locate the motor-cycle used by the kidnappers as no one was able to take down the registration number of the vehicle. A number of raiding teams have been formed by the police to track down the offenders.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Guptas family called Noida police to report the kidnapping.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Guptas family called Noida police to report the kidnapping.,{ entailment } It does not state who called the police. It could have been the witnesses or his family. The wording was close enough to correct that it fooled the AI. +" The Kerry Committee report found that ""the Contra drug links included..... payments to drug traffickers by the U.S. State Department of funds authorized by the Congress for humanitarian assistance to the Contras, in some cases after the traffickers had been indicted by federal law enforcement agencies on drug charges, in others while traffickers were under active investigation by these same agencies."" The U.S. State Department paid over $806,000 to known drug traffickers to carry humanitarian assistance to the Contras. Kerry's findings provoked little reaction in the media and official Washington. Who was the State Department giving money to? ",Who was the State Department giving money to?, drug traffickers +" On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not ""state"" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed] When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales? ","When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?"," Saturday September 6, 1997 " +"Consider the premise in: 'The Weavers (German: Die Weber) is a 1927 German silent historical drama film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Paul Wegener, Valeska Stock and Hermann Picha. The film is based on the 1892 play ""of the same title"" by Gerhart Hauptmann based on a historical event. The film's art direction was by Andrej Andrejew.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Frederic Zelnik wrote The Weavers' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Frederic Zelnik wrote The Weavers,{ entailment } The Weaver's could have been written and directed by Frederic Zelnik +" The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz as well as Soyuz/Salyut). The module was also necessary as an airlock to allow the men to visit each other's craft, which had incompatible cabin atmospheres. The USSR used the Soyuz 16 mission in December 1974 to prepare for ASTP. ASTP stands for what? ",ASTP stands for what?, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project +" The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a ""Nation of Poets"" and a ""Nation of Bards"" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence. Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a ""Nation of Bards""? ","Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a ""Nation of Bards""?", Canadian +"With the given context: 'Two teenagers are arrested in connection to a suspicious fire that engulfed a vacant house on Howard Avenue in Rockford. The Rockford Fire Department is still looking for one teen wanted on arson charges in connection to the fire, according to Chief Derek Bergsten. Their names are not released because the suspects are minors. This comes as the fire department investigates a string of vacant building fires over the summer. The teens are only being charged in connection to fire on Howard Avenue.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Two teenagers were placed in jail' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Two teenagers were placed in jail,"{ entailment } jail time not discussed in narrative, system assumes" +"Examine the information in 'Dean Young (born 1955) is a contemporary American poet in the poetic lineage of John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, and Kenneth Koch. Often cited as a second-generation New York School poet, Young also derives influence and inspiration from the work of André Breton, Paul Éluard, and the other French Surrealist poets.' Is the statement: 'Young derived inspiration from Yeats.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Young derived inspiration from Yeats.,"{ contradiction } We don't know if he derived inspiration from Yeats, therefore it fits the requested statement. I was surprised this fooled the model, so I'm not sure why." +" However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's Day. In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning. Pubs near London's Smithfield market, Billingsgate fish market and Covent Garden fruit and flower market could stay open 24 hours a day since Victorian times to provide a service to the shift working employees of the markets. In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday? ","In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?", 11 am +" The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words ""grass"" and ""grow"". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. For what do some animals use the color green? ",For what do some animals use the color green?, camouflage +" Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year. Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000. In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title? ",In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title?, 1999 +" Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called ""Fourth of June"", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the ""Fourth of June"" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.[citation needed] When is the Fourth of June celebrated? ",When is the Fourth of June celebrated?, the Wednesday before the first weekend of June +" During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling ""a setback to privacy rights"". In June 2010, Viacom's lawsuit against Google was rejected in a summary judgment, with U.S. federal Judge Louis L. Stanton stating that Google was protected by provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling. Who was the residing judge of the lawsuit? ",Who was the residing judge of the lawsuit?, Louis L. Stanton +"With the premise: '""The Heart"" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music artist Kris Kristofferson on his 1986 album ""Repossessed"". It was covered by American country music artist Lacy J. Dalton on her 1989 album ""Survivor"" and released in January 1989 as the album's first single. Dalton's version of the song peaked at number 13 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'A cover of the song The heart was released four years after it's original debut.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",A cover of the song The heart was released four years after it's original debut.,{ entailment } It was only three years. +"From the facts presented in 'Terry Pratchett's Going Postal is a two-part television film adaptation of ""Going Postal"" by Terry Pratchett, adapted by Richard Kurti and Bev Doyle and produced by The Mob, which was first broadcast on Sky1, and in high definition on Sky1 HD, at the end of May 2010.' , decide if the statement: 'Sky1 was the first to broadcast Going Postal in HD in the winter of 2010.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Sky1 was the first to broadcast Going Postal in HD in the winter of 2010.,"{ neutral } Statement refers to Sky1 being the first to broadcast Going Postal but instead of indicating the month, the statement indicates it was broadcast in the winter of 2010 and not May which is also not a winter month. " +" In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and chemical products. Estonia also exports 1.562 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. At the same time Estonia imports machinery and equipment, chemical products, textiles, food products and transportation equipment. Estonia imports 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually. How much electricity is exported by Estonia annually? ",How much electricity is exported by Estonia annually?, 1.562 billion kilowatt hours +" As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his retirement, but denied the heredity of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them. The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown. Who did Kexi thing should take over for him? ",Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?, his son +"Based on the details provided in: 'Al Overton (May 20, 1912 – August 1, 1985) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film ""Diamonds Are Forever"". He worked on more than 90 films between 1954 and 1975. His son, Al Overton, Jr., was later nominated for four Academy Awards for Best Sound.' , determine if the claim: 'Al Overton died before the age of 70.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Al Overton died before the age of 70.,"{ entailment } Al Overton (May 20, 1912 – August 1, 1985) died at the age of 73." +"With the premise: 'Nassau County is a suburban county on the western side of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2010 census, the county's population was 1,339,532, estimated to have increased to 1,361,500 in 2016. The county seat is in the Village of Garden City, within the boundaries of the Mineola 11501 zip code.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Nassau County seat resides in Mineola' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Nassau County seat resides in Mineola,{ contradiction } The county seat is located in Garden City which is located in Mineola +" Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacitors are used to conduct a varying signal from the plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage. A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube. In power amplifiers this can cause the plates to glow red, or current limiting resistors to overheat, even fail. Similar considerations apply to component fabricated solid-state (transistor) amplifiers, but owing to lower heat production and the use of modern polyester dielectric barriers this once-common problem has become relatively rare. With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to? ",With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to?, Leakage +" In June 1837 Chopin visited London incognito in the company of the piano manufacturer Camille Pleyel where he played at a musical soirée at the house of English piano maker James Broadwood. On his return to Paris, his association with Sand began in earnest, and by the end of June 1838 they had become lovers. Sand, who was six years older than the composer, and who had had a series of lovers, wrote at this time: ""I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ... I have still not recovered from my astonishment, and if I were a proud person I should be feeling humiliated at having been carried away ..."" The two spent a miserable winter on Majorca (8 November 1838 to 13 February 1839), where, together with Sand's two children, they had journeyed in the hope of improving the health of Chopin and that of Sand's 15-year-old son Maurice, and also to escape the threats of Sand's former lover Félicien Mallefille. After discovering that the couple were not married, the deeply traditional Catholic people of Majorca became inhospitable, making accommodation difficult to find. This compelled the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa, which gave little shelter from the cold winter weather. During Sands and Chopin's visit to Majorca who were they fleeing? ",During Sands and Chopin's visit to Majorca who were they fleeing?, Félicien Mallefille +" Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as ""Athanasius Contra Mundum"" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World). What conflict shaped his career? ",What conflict shaped his career?, Conflict with Arius and Arianism +" Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, ""I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen."" Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. What is the name given to Victoria on official documents? ",What is the name given to Victoria on official documents?, Alexandrina Victoria +" A servomotor is a motor, very often sold as a complete module, which is used within a position-control or speed-control feedback control system mainly control valves, such as motor-operated control valves. Servomotors are used in applications such as machine tools, pen plotters, and other process systems. Motors intended for use in a servomechanism must have well-documented characteristics for speed, torque, and power. The speed vs. torque curve is quite important and is high ratio for a servo motor. Dynamic response characteristics such as winding inductance and rotor inertia are also important; these factors limit the overall performance of the servomechanism loop. Large, powerful, but slow-responding servo loops may use conventional AC or DC motors and drive systems with position or speed feedback on the motor. As dynamic response requirements increase, more specialized motor designs such as coreless motors are used. AC motors' superior power density and acceleration characteristics compared to that of DC motors tends to favor PM synchronous, BLDC, induction, and SRM drive applications. What factors limit performance of servo motors? ",What factors limit performance of servo motors?, winding inductance and rotor inertia +" These scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws and ILO conventions came later. Edmonds suggests, even in contemporary times, the incidence of child labour in Vietnam has rapidly reduced following economic reforms and GDP growth. These scholars suggest economic engagement, emphasis on opening quality schools rather than more laws and expanding economically relevant skill development opportunities in the third world. International legal actions, such as trade sanctions increase child labour. What caused child labour to decrease in Vietnam? ",What caused child labour to decrease in Vietnam?, economic reforms +"Given the detailed context: 'Paradise Lost is a 2011 Chinese teen sex comedy film and the sequel to the film ""Pubescence"" and the second film in the ""Pubescence"" film series. It was directed and written by Guan Xiaojie, starring Zhao Yihuan and Wang Yi. It was released in China on Singles Day.', judge whether the statement: 'Pubescence was directed by Guan Xiaojie as well' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Pubescence was directed by Guan Xiaojie as well,{ contradiction } It is the first movie of the sequel and usually sequels are directed by the same director and sometimes they have different director. +" The most serious objection to regarding the Demoiselles as the origin of Cubism, with its evident influence of primitive art, is that ""such deductions are unhistorical"", wrote the art historian Daniel Robbins. This familiar explanation ""fails to give adequate consideration to the complexities of a flourishing art that existed just before and during the period when Picasso's new painting developed."" Between 1905 and 1908, a conscious search for a new style caused rapid changes in art across France, Germany, Holland, Italy, and Russia. The Impressionists had used a double point of view, and both Les Nabis and the Symbolists (who also admired Cézanne) flattened the picture plane, reducing their subjects to simple geometric forms. Neo-Impressionist structure and subject matter, most notably to be seen in the works of Georges Seurat (e.g., Parade de Cirque, Le Chahut and Le Cirque), was another important influence. There were also parallels in the development of literature and social thought. What did Daniel Robbins say about Demoiselles being the beginning of Cubism? ",What did Daniel Robbins say about Demoiselles being the beginning of Cubism?, such deductions are unhistorical +" The 5th Regiment was sent to intercept him and made contact just south of Grenoble on March 7, 1815. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was within gunshot range, shouted to the soldiers, ""Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish."" The soldiers quickly responded with, ""Vive L'Empereur!"" Ney, who had boasted to the restored Bourbon king, Louis XVIII, that he would bring Napoleon to Paris in an iron cage, affectionately kissed his former emperor and forgot his oath of allegiance to the Bourbon monarch. The two then marched together towards Paris with a growing army. The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support. On March 13, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared Napoleon an outlaw. Four days later, Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia each pledged to put 150,000 men into the field to end his rule. On what date was Napoleon contacted by the 5th Regiment? ",On what date was Napoleon contacted by the 5th Regiment?," March 7, 1815 " +" Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they ""produce"" and ""construct"" scientific knowledge. Since the 1960s, a common trend in science studies (the study of the sociology and history of science) has been to emphasize the ""human component"" of scientific knowledge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data are self-evident, value-free, and context-free. The field of Science and Technology Studies, an area that overlaps and often informs historical studies of science, focuses on the social context of science in both contemporary and historical periods. What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies? ",What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies?," to emphasize the ""human component"" of scientific knowledge " +"With the premise: 'St. Silvester (French: ""Saint-Silvestre"" ) is a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is one of the municipalities with a large majority of German speakers in the mostly French speaking Canton of Fribourg.' , decide if the hypothesis: '""St."" in St. Silvester stands for ""Saint.""' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","""St."" in St. Silvester stands for ""Saint.""",{ neutral } St. is the abbreviation for Saint. +" Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called ""voodoo dolls"" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense or rejection. Others appeal for divine redress of wrongs, in terms familiar to any Roman magistrate, and promise a portion of the value (usually small) of lost or stolen property in return for its restoration. None of these defixiones seem produced by, or on behalf of the elite, who had more immediate recourse to human law and justice. Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era. Until what era did spells persist in the empire? ",Until what era did spells persist in the empire?, 7th century AD +" After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large fleet was raised in the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea of Cilician pirates. During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities. In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates? ",In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?, Mediterranean Sea +" A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device. What region within a capacitor develops an electric field? ",What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?, the dielectric +" While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill. In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges? ",In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?, Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic +" The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands? ",In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands?, 1539 +" Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majority of DNA without an identified function. This DNA has often been referred to as ""junk DNA"". However, more recent analyses suggest that, although protein-coding DNA makes up barely 2% of the human genome, about 80% of the bases in the genome may be expressed, so the term ""junk DNA"" may be a misnomer. What is referred to as ""junk DNA""? ","What is referred to as ""junk DNA""?", DNA without an identified function +"Given the detailed context: 'Since 1987, however, Brazil has taken steps to dramatically reduce the destruction, including stepped-up enforcement and the elimination of tax incentives that led to large-scale land clearing.', judge whether the statement: 'Brazil continues to clear land.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Brazil continues to clear land.,"{ contradiction } There were steps taken in the 80's that doesn't mean that Brazil hasn't continued to clear its land. In fact, I believe they actually are. I think the system doesn't account for changes in policy over the passage of time." +"Examine the information in 'Odrzywół is a village in Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Odrzywół. It lies in northern part of historic Lesser Poland, approximately 18 km north of Przysucha and 84 km south of Warsaw. The village has an approximate population of 1,300.' Is the statement: 'Odrzywół is closer to Przysucha than it its to Warsaw.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Odrzywół is closer to Przysucha than it its to Warsaw.,"{ neutral } Odrzywół is 18km from Przysucha, but 84km from Warsaw." +"Consider the premise in: 'one of the orders issued by Ochola in April Login to license this image from 1$. In short At Kira Road police station, the photocopier business has moved behind the station, far away from the prying eyes of those passing on the road to Bukoto while at Old Kampala Police station, clients are now buying the forms across the road.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The decision to move the photocopier business was done for privacy reasons.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The decision to move the photocopier business was done for privacy reasons.,{ neutral } I made an obvious inference from the text that a human would understand. This is not something that can be found by literally reading the words on the page. +"Given the premise: 'Johnny Kidd (born Frederick Albert Heath, 23 December 1935 – 7 October 1966) was an English singer and songwriter, best remembered as the lead vocalist for the rock and roll band Johnny Kidd & the Pirates. He was one of the few pre-Beatles British rockers to achieve worldwide fame, mainly for his 1960 hit, ""Shakin' All Over"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Johnny Kidd did not play guitar for Johnny Kidd & the Pirates.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Johnny Kidd did not play guitar for Johnny Kidd & the Pirates.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say whether Johnny Kidd played guitar for the band or not, but I suggested he did not. I think the AI may have focused on matching whether Kidd participated at all with the band, rather than what his specific role was. I almost used the word ""never"" but I kind of think the AI has an easier time with absolutes like that, for some reason." +"From the facts presented in 'Boy Hits Car is a 2001 album by the alternative metal band Boy Hits Car released on Wind-Up Records. It remains their most popular and well-known album, with ""I'm A Cloud"" being popular, and even making it into the soundtrack of some works in popular culture, such as ""Aggressive Inline"".' , decide if the statement: 'Boy Hits Car released their most popular album shortly after Y2K.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Boy Hits Car released their most popular album shortly after Y2K.,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely correct as it was the most popular album for that band, and it was released in 2001 which is shortly after Y2K as Y2K represents the year 2000. I think the system was fooled by the term Y2K." +" In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%. In 1995, Zocor and Mevacor both made Merck over US$1 billion. Endo was awarded the 2006 Japan Prize, and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008. For his ""pioneering research into a new class of molecules"" for ""lowering cholesterol,""[sentence fragment] How much did Zocor reduce the chance of dying from a heart attack? ",How much did Zocor reduce the chance of dying from a heart attack?, 42% +" In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo (""maiden"" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, ""maiden""-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga (""wand"") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread). In Norman schools (following the French practice), the habit was to anglicize Latin names by dropping their Latin endings, hence Virgil. In the 19th century, some German-trained classicists in the United States suggested modification to Vergil, as it is closer to his original name, and is also the traditional German spelling.[citation needed] Modern usage permits both, though the Oxford guide to style recommends Vergilius to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Some post-Renaissance writers liked to affect the sobriquet ""The Swan of Mantua"".[citation needed] During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius? ",During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius?, Late Empire and Middle Ages +" Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball. Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame? ",Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?, Duncan Hall +" The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as 'The Sun', 'The Star' and 'The Cross' were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes being adapted to incorporate elements of the heraldry (e.g. the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have Latin inscriptions. Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign? ","Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign?", The Cross +" Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast, one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze, Zhenjiang to the east, one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze, and Changzhou to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui province, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cities, Chuzhou to the northwest, Wuhu, Chaohu and Maanshan to the west and Xuancheng to the southwest. What city is northeast of Nanjing? ",What city is northeast of Nanjing?, Yangzhou +"Considering the context: '""I Don't Ever Want to See You Again"" is a song performed by American contemporary R&B singer Uncle Sam. It is the closing track on his eponymous debut album and was issued as the album's lead single. The song was written and produced by Boyz II Men member Nathan Morris. Released in 1997, it was Sam's only hit on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, peaking at #6 in 1998.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Nathan Morris was born in nineteen hundred sixty six.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Nathan Morris was born in nineteen hundred sixty six.,{ contradiction } His year of birth is never mentioned in the text. It's difficult because I wrote out the year in words which typically confuses the system. +" Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011. When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket? ",When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?, 2011 +" The NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immediately prior to a scheduled broadcast. (In at least once incidence this actually happened, resulting in a non-competitive game being played with replacement players, and further such incidents were threatened.) Once the labor issues were resolved, the NFL Network resumed the practice of broadcasting a live Friday night game. NFL Network dropped the league at the end of the 2012 season. On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network? ",On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network?, Friday +"Given the premise: 'Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev (Bashkir: Рудольф Хәмит улы Нуриев , Tatar: Рудольф Хәмит улы Нуриев , Russian: Рудо́льф Хаме́тович Нуре́ев ; 17 March 1938 – 6 January 1993) was a Soviet ballet dancer and choreographer. He was director of the Paris Opera Ballet from 1983 to 1989 and its chief choreographer until October 1992.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Rudolf practiced dancing alot' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Rudolf practiced dancing alot,{ neutral } ballet dancing practice all the time +"Given the detailed context: 'Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, Southern Presbyterian pastor, Confederate States Army chaplain, and architect. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson. His biography of Jackson remains in print today.', judge whether the statement: 'Robert Lewis Dabney read the bible.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Robert Lewis Dabney read the bible.,{ neutral } Pastors read bibles. +" An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called ""Berbera"" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's ""Berber"" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops. Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis? ",Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?, the Abyssinian Emperor +"Given the premise: 'Amara Karan (born 1984) is a Sri Lankan-English actress who made her film début as the love interest in Wes Anderson's ""The Darjeeling Limited"". The film premièred at the 2007 Venice Film Festival. Karan's second film role was as schoolgirl Peaches in the 2007 film ""St Trinian's"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Amara had no film roles after 2007.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Amara had no film roles after 2007.,{ contradiction } It does not list film roles after St. Trinians. She may or may not have had more. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Proctor is a former town located in Swain County, North Carolina, U.S.A. It was on Hazel Creek. It is named after Moses Proctor, first white settler to this area. The town was flooded by Fontana Lake, which was created by the construction of the Fontana Dam, and remains submerged unless lake levels are very low.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Moses Proctor didn't have any other white settlers to show him around when he got to the area.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Moses Proctor didn't have any other white settlers to show him around when he got to the area.,{ neutral } He was the first white settler so no other white settlers could have been there before him to show him around. The system had trouble understanding that he was the first white settler in the area. +" Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that ""a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals"". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: ""Lawyers, I suppose, were children once."" Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's ""fanatical"" attempts to place her in them made her feel ""a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]"". Johnson states, ""[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."" Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman? ",Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?, Dolphus Raymond +"Examine the premise: 'How to set up a chinchilla's cage
Choose the right cage. [substeps] Chinchilla cages must be well ventilated to keep the chinchilla cool, thus making metal wire mesh cages a good option. However it's of note that it's easier for the chinchilla to knock messes out of their cage and onto the floor with a wire cage.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'A wire cage will be a good choice if you want the floor to stay clean' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",A wire cage will be a good choice if you want the floor to stay clean,"{ entailment } Statement is exact opposite of the meaning in the passage, the idea was to subvert the message to make floor cleanliness a focal point." +" As of 2009[update], the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month; the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month. The data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, what size did the data saved by Wayback Machine reach? ","In 2009, what size did the data saved by Wayback Machine reach?", three petabytes +"Reflect on the information in: 'He remained sitting on the floor and held his breath , wondering how she knew that he had come back .
If she said ` Peter ' again , he meant to cry ` Mother ' and run to her .
But she spoke no more , she made little moans only , and when he next peeped at her she was once more asleep , with tears on her face .
It made Peter very miserable , and what do you think was the first thing he did ?
Sitting on the rail at the foot of the bed , he played a beautiful lullaby to his mother on his pipe .' . Does the hypothesis: 'Peter was the woman's son.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Peter was the woman's son.,{ neutral } He said that he would cry Mother if she said his name again so she was his mother. +" The second approach to the problem took as its base the notion of class, and defines a set as a class which belongs to other classes, while a proper class is defined as a class which does not belong to other classes. Under the Zermelo–Fraenkel approach, the axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves. In contrast, under the von Neumann approach, the class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set. Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves? ",Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves?, Zermelo–Fraenkel +" On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US). What label did Queen join in August 2010? ",What label did Queen join in August 2010?, Universal Music +"With the premise: 'LONDON, July 28 (Reuters) - Italy's Elio Verde beat Peru's Juan Postigos in the Olympic men's Judo 60kg last 64 at the 2012 London Games on Saturday. Verde won 0100-0001 at ExCeL in London to reach the next round. Results Table Elio Verde (Italy) beat Juan Postigos (Peru) 0100-0001 Kenny Alexander Godoy Godoy (Honduras) beat Zakari Gourouza (Niger) Betkil Shukvani (Georgia) beat Arnie Dickens (Australia) 0103-0000 Ludwig Paischer (Austria) beat Jacob Nel Gnahoui (Benin) 0100-0000' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Juan Postigos is from South America.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Juan Postigos is from South America.,"{ neutral } Reason: Peru is in S. America. Why: Country was mentioned, but not continent in the context." +"Consider the premise in: 'Seth gets sick
Seth is eating his favorite burger. He enjoys it. After about 30 minutes his stomach starts feeling weird. Seth begins feeling sick. Moments later Seth vomits all over the place.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Seth vomited up the hamburger.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Seth vomited up the hamburger.,"{ neutral } If Seth vomited 30 minutes after eating, he threw up the hamburger because it was still on his stomach. It doesn't mean the burger was the cause of the vomiting, but being the thing Seth ate very recently, it would have been thrown up. " +" Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication with the chip in the game to work. Dirty, aging and bent connectors would often disrupt the communication, resulting in the blink effect. Alternatively, the console would turn on but only show a solid white, gray, or green screen. Users attempted to solve this problem by blowing air onto the cartridge connectors, inserting the cartridge just far enough to get the ZIF to lower, licking the edge connector, slapping the side of the system after inserting a cartridge, shifting the cartridge from side to side after insertion, pushing the ZIF up and down repeatedly, holding the ZIF down lower than it should have been, and cleaning the connectors with alcohol. These attempted solutions often became notable in their own right and are often remembered alongside the NES. Many of the most frequent attempts to fix this problem instead ran the risk of damaging the cartridge and/or system.[citation needed] In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles. What was the console's most common problem? ",What was the console's most common problem?, blinking red power light +"With the given context: 'Tight is the debut album by the American rock band Mindless Self Indulgence. The album was originally released on April 20, 1999 through Uppity Cracker Recording Group. After having been out of print for many years, the album was reissued as Tighter on April 26, 2011 through The End Records. The reissue features updated artwork and packaging, 12 previously unreleased tracks, and a bonus DVD.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'It took Mindless Self Indulgence two years to release Tight.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",It took Mindless Self Indulgence two years to release Tight.,"{ contradiction } We don't know the length of time the band worked on the album Tight, therefore the system cannot say for certain that they didn't spend two years on it." +"Given the premise: 'Anderson Souza Conceição (born 1 February 1994), known as Anderson Talisca or simply Talisca, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Beşiktaş, on loan from Portuguese club Benfica. He can play as an attacking midfielder or a forward.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Anderson Souza Conceição is from south america' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Anderson Souza Conceição is from south america,{ contradiction } is brazillian +" From the fifth century to the thirteenth, Śrauta sacrifices declined, and initiatory traditions of Buddhism, Jainism or more commonly Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism expanded in royal courts. This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the main spiritual and philosophical systems which continued to be in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty. His empire collapsed after his death. What happened to Harsha's empire after his death? ",What happened to Harsha's empire after his death?, collapsed +" The nitrogen fixing Rhizobia are an interesting case, wherein conjugative elements naturally engage in inter-kingdom conjugation. Such elements as the Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids contain elements that can transfer to plant cells. Transferred genes enter the plant cell nucleus and effectively transform the plant cells into factories for the production of opines, which the bacteria use as carbon and energy sources. Infected plant cells form crown gall or root tumors. The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant. What happens to infected plant cells? ",What happens to infected plant cells?, end +" Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits ""Déjà Vu"", ""Irreplaceable"", and ""Beautiful Liar"". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for ""Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes. After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce? ","After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?", Cadillac Records +" Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor—Karl Dönitz—would—on the intervention of Hitler—gain control of one unit (KG 40), but Göring would soon regain it. Göring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For Göring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder. Who was Raeder's successor? ",Who was Raeder's successor? , Karl Dönitz +"Given the context: 'RMS ""Queen Mary 2 (also referred to as the QM2"") is a transatlantic ocean liner. She is the largest and only major ocean liner built for the British Cunard Line since ""Queen Elizabeth 2"" in 1969, the vessel she succeeded as flagship of the Cunard Line.' , classify the statement: '""Queen Mary 2"" should come after ""Queen Elizabeth 2"" when you rank them alphabetically.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","""Queen Mary 2"" should come after ""Queen Elizabeth 2"" when you rank them alphabetically.",{ neutral } The letter E comes before the letter M in the alphabet. +"Considering the context: 'The Mercedes-Benz W221 is a chassis code of S-Class, the successor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) and the predecessor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222). The S-Class are the flagship vehicles of Mercedes-Benz and each generation typically introduces a range of technical innovations and developments that over time will find their way into smaller cars.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Mercedes-Benz is a not a good car' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Mercedes-Benz is a not a good car,{ contradiction } This is an opinion and while it it is a flagship of the range that doesn't make it a good car. If the AI is happy that my earlier Phrase The Mercedes-Benz is a good car is neither correct nor incorrect than it not being a good car should give the same reaction. +" The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port, but the river silted up in the early 11th century and forced the mariners and merchants to settle at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. The name Plym Mouth, meaning ""mouth of the River Plym"" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440. See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym. In what year was the first written reference to Plymouth made? ",In what year was the first written reference to Plymouth made?, 1211 +"Examine the premise: 'G & H Restaurant Specialties has not released a statement regarding the violations, but the corporate offices in Louisville, Kentucky for KFC said, ""our franchisee has finalized a plan for some structural repairs... The units will be temporarily closed while these building maintenance issues are addressed. [They will be] re-opened as soon as the repairs are complete."" The health department also gave violations out to the East Delevan store for failing to maintain a clean floor throughout the restaurant and for not stopping food from becoming contaminated. Several rat traps were also found inside the storage cooler and around the kitchen area, but the establishment was ""not free of rodents,"" said Commissioner of the Erie County Health Department, Dr. Anthony Billittier.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'It is a health violation in Erie County to have contaminated food.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",It is a health violation in Erie County to have contaminated food.,{ neutral } The statement puts together information from different sentences. The East Delevan store was cited by the Erie County Health department so it is located in Erie County. The violation was for not stopping food from being contaminated so contaminated food is a violation. +"Reflect on the information in: 'New Hampshire Route 4 is a 3.78 mi state highway located in eastern Strafford County, New Hampshire. Its western terminus is at an intersection with New Hampshire Route 9 and New Hampshire Route 108 in Dover. Its northern terminus is at the Maine state border in Rollinsford, where it continues as Maine State Route 4.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Route 4 is one of England's longest routes' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Route 4 is one of England's longest routes,{ neutral } New Hampshire Route 4 is located in the US +"Reflect on the information in: 'EXCLUSIVE: Astronaut Gene Cernan dead today at 82. A conversation with the last man to ever walk on the moon... by Gary Buzel EXCLUSIVE: Astronaut Gene Cernan passed away today at 82. Starting out as a Navy fighter pilot later to head on NASA space missions Gemini 9, Apollo 10, and Apollo 17. Cernan was the last man to walk on the moon. A true American hero. Reporter Gary Buzel interviewed Cernan in March of 2015 at the San Diego Air and Space Museum and this is the entire interview from that day.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Gene Cernan will be the last man to walk on the moon.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Gene Cernan will be the last man to walk on the moon.,{ entailment } It is a possible that we might go to the moon again. +" In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings. Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake. After the quake what kind of international team was sent to the area? ",After the quake what kind of international team was sent to the area?, team of engineers +"Examine the information in 'Utamaro and His Five Women or Five Women Around Utamaro (Japanese: 歌麿をめぐる五人の女 , Hepburn: Utamaro o meguru gonin no onna ) is a 1946 Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It is based on the novel of the same title by Kanji Kunieda, itself a fictionalized account of the life of printmaker Kitagawa Utamaro. It was Mizoguchi's first film made under the American occupation.' Is the statement: 'Kanji Kunieda released a book in 1946' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Kanji Kunieda released a book in 1946,"{ entailment } It is neither because the only date given is for a film, which he didn't write. The system thinks the given date is for a novel" +" The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. When did the romantic era end? ",When did the romantic era end?, about 1910 +" One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands. Northern Rock's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions. Who did Northern Rock request security from? ",Who did Northern Rock request security from?, Bank of England +"Considering the context: 'Communal riots occurred in Bihar from 24 October to 11 November 1946, in which Hindu mobs targeted Muslim families. The riots were triggered by the Great Calcutta Killings, as well as the Noakhali riots earlier that year. Mahatma Gandhi declared that he would fast unto death if the riots did not stop. The riots were part of a sequence of communal violence that culminated in the partition of India.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'People were killer in the riots of BIhar.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",People were killer in the riots of BIhar.,{ entailment } Riots tend to be violent but no were in the context was it ever stated that anyone died. +" In May 2013, Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966. President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms, and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the United States. Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar but Obama assured Thein Sein that Myanmar will receive US support. The two leaders discussed to release more political prisoners, the institutionalisation of political reform and rule of law, and ending ethnic conflict in Myanmar—the two governments agreed to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013. Was the visit from the Burmese delegate welcome in the United States in 2010? ",Was the visit from the Burmese delegate welcome in the United States in 2010?, Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar +"Examine the premise: 'Charles de Gaulle retired as an earl and died in November. He wished a simple funeral for himself: he would be buried in his village in a seventy-two dollar oak coffin, borne to his grave by his fellow villagers-a butcher's assistant, a cheesemaker, and a farmhand.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The funeral arraignments were planned ahead.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The funeral arraignments were planned ahead.,{ neutral } Charles de Gaulle outlined his simple funeral beforehand. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Rise of Nine is a young adult teen fiction novel by Pittacus Lore and the third novel in ""The Lorien Legacies"". It is published by HarperCollins, & was released on August 21, 2012, in the US and by Penguin on August 30, 2012 in the UK. It is the first book in the series to be written after Jobie Hughes left the project.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Rise of Nine was made after Y2k' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Rise of Nine was made after Y2k,{ neutral } does not equate Y2k with the year 2000 +"Examine the premise: 'The twenty-first season of British science fiction television series ""Doctor Who"" began on 5 January 1984 with the 5th Doctor (Peter Davison) serial ""Warriors of the Deep"", and ended with Colin Baker's first serial ""The Twin Dilemma"". For only the second time (the first being during season 4), the entire TARDIS crew changed over the course of a single season.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Warriors of the Deep and The Twin Dilemma were both the first and last shows of the series.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Warriors of the Deep and The Twin Dilemma were both the first and last shows of the series.,{ contradiction } The statement both makes sense and doesn't make sense. +" Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as ""jumps"" and allow for loops (instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow). Instructions that change the program counter are called what? ",Instructions that change the program counter are called what?," ""jumps"" " +"With the premise: 'How to register a gun
Look up your state's gun laws online before purchasing a gun. Depending on the state you live in, gun registration may or not be necessary. Visit your state's website to get information about its particular gun regulations.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'In some states, registration is not necessary but in others it is a requirement.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","In some states, registration is not necessary but in others it is a requirement.",{ neutral } I just re-summarized part of the information regarding registration. I do not know why it fooled the AI; maybe because the sentence was long? +"From the facts presented in 'With respect to the lobster and fishing licences purchased by the government for first nations in Atlantic Canada: ( a ) how many licences were purchased, and of these (i) how many were inshore licences; (ii) how many were offshore licences; ( b ) what species are covered by these licences; and ( c ) what bands have been given these licences?' , decide if the statement: 'The government purchased fishing licenses for first nations in Canada that enables them to fish and catch lobsters legally' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The government purchased fishing licenses for first nations in Canada that enables them to fish and catch lobsters legally,"{ neutral } The canadian government purchased the licenses for first nations in Canada, according to the text so my statement was correct" +"Given the detailed context: 'Out of the Easy is a 2013 novel by Ruta Sepetys. It is her second published novel. It features Josie Moraine, a young woman in the 1950s French Quarter of New Orleans who struggles to escape her family and become the author of her own destiny. The novel became a New York Times bestseller and was chosen as an Editor’s Choice in the New York Times on February 15, 2013.', judge whether the statement: 'Out of the Easy was published in the 1950s.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Out of the Easy was published in the 1950s.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it says it was a 2013 novel, so it can't be published in the 1950s. The system probably got it wrong because the sentence also contains the phrase 1950s, so it got confused by that." +"Considering the context: 'Snow White: A Tale of Terror is a 1997 American dark fantasy horror television film based on the fairy tale ""Snow White"". Also known as Snow White in the Black Forest it was directed by Michael Cohn and stars Sigourney Weaver, Sam Neill and Monica Keena. The original music score was composed by John Ottman. The film was marketed with the tagline ""The fairy tale is over"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Snow White: A Tale of Terror was directed by Michael Cohen, who was born on Christmas Day 1948.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Snow White: A Tale of Terror was directed by Michael Cohen, who was born on Christmas Day 1948.","{ contradiction } I do not know the birthdate of the director of the show, and tried to trick the system with an obscure unknown fact." +" Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports petroleum products from western Europe and Russia. Oil shale energy, telecommunications, textiles, chemical products, banking, services, food and fishing, timber, shipbuilding, electronics, and transportation are key sectors of the economy. The ice-free port of Muuga, near Tallinn, is a modern facility featuring good transshipment capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and new oil tanker off-loading capabilities.[citation needed] The railroad serves as a conduit between the West, Russia, and other points to the East.[citation needed] How much of consumed electricity does Estonia produce by itself? ",How much of consumed electricity does Estonia produce by itself?, 75% +"Given the premise: 'Maps is the debut release by Ohio/Detroit-based pop punk band Mixtapes. The album was recorded over one weekend and released for free on Death to False Hope Records. It was later re-released in November 2011 on vinyl via Animal Style Records, featuring the 10 songs from ""Maps ""and a newly recorded EP titled ""Companions"". The album was re-titled ""Maps & Companions"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Maps was released in the 2nd to last month of 2011.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Maps was released in the 2nd to last month of 2011.,{ contradiction } the 2nd to last month of 2011 is November +" Vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vocalization led to an increase in the number of readings during the 10th century. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from Baghdad, Ibn Mujāhid, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of Mecca, Medina, Kufa, Basra and Damascus. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose seven readers, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven ""ahruf"" (meaning seven letters or modes). Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by Ḥafṣ (d.796) and Warsh (d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud (Kufa, d. 745) and Nafi‘ al-Madani (Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard Quran of Cairo (1924) uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran. The absence of which language feature made early Quranic recitation more diverse? ",The absence of which language feature made early Quranic recitation more diverse?, Vocalization markers +" The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012. What is solar energy's yearly potential? ",What is solar energy's yearly potential?," 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) " +"Examine the information in 'Patrick Brontë ( , ""commonly"" ; 17 March 1777 – 7 June 1861) was an Irish priest and author who spent most of his adult life in England. He was the father of the writers Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë, and of Branwell Brontë, his only son. Patrick outlived his wife, the former Maria Branwell, by forty years by which time all of their children had died as well.' Is the statement: 'Patrick Bronte was 84 when he died.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Patrick Bronte was 84 when he died.,{ neutral } It is a simple matter of subtracting his birth and death dates to derive 84. The system probably cannot do these calculations without specific instructions. +"Considering the context: 'Interlude in Prague is a 2017 film about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart starring Aneurin Barnard, James Purefoy, Samantha Barks, Morfydd Clark, Adrian Edmondson and Anna Rust. It was directed by John Stephenson, written by Brian Ashby, and screenplay by Brian Ashby, Helen Clare Cromarty, and John Stephenson.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Reasoning-Plausibility-Likely, Numerical-Cardinal-Dates, Tricky-Wordplay' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Reasoning-Plausibility-Likely, Numerical-Cardinal-Dates, Tricky-Wordplay",{ entailment } The person's date of birth is not mentioned and there is no other information in the text that would allow us to definitively conclude whether or not they were alive in 1952. It's difficult perhaps because the year 2017 is mentioned which somehow confuses the system. +" Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years. What group took issue with the Roman canons? ",What group took issue with the Roman canons?, the Presbyterians +"Examine the premise: 'On the darts circuit his nickname is The Excellent Dude, which is a reference from the film ""Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"". He is also known for using Metallica's 'Enter Sandman' as his walk-on music, which he plays air guitar as he enters the stage.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Excellent Dude plays a song by Metallica whenever he goes on stage.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Excellent Dude plays a song by Metallica whenever he goes on stage.,"{ neutral } his nickname is The Excellent Dude is also known for using Metallica's 'Enter Sandman' as his walk-on music, which he plays air guitar as he enters the stage." +"Examine the information in 'Mary Cecilia Robinson (born 22 May 1924 in Canterbury, Kent) is a former cricketer who played 14 Test matches for the England women's cricket team between 1948/49 and 1963. A right hand opening batsman she scored two Test centuries against Australia.' Is the statement: 'Mary Cecilia has won 18 test matches for England women's cricket team between 1948 and 1963' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Mary Cecilia has won 18 test matches for England women's cricket team between 1948 and 1963,{ entailment } She only played 14 test matches so could not have won 18 +"Analyze the premise: 'Idrees Kenyatta Walker (born February 1, 1979) is a former professional American football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. Walker played college football for the University of Florida. A first-round pick in the 2001 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Idrees Kenyatta Walker played baseball.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Idrees Kenyatta Walker played baseball.,{ contradiction } Idrees Kenyatta Walker also played baseball. +" The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital ""Tallinn"", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms. What was the capital of Danish Estonia? ",What was the capital of Danish Estonia?, Reval +"Given the premise: 'Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram were the defending champions, but Erlich chose not to participate due to an elbow injury, and only Ram competed that year.Ram partnered with Max Mirnyi, but lost to Feliciano López and Fernando Verdasco in the second round.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram have won multiple championships.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram have won multiple championships.,{ entailment } The context only mentions a recent championship and the system is not aware of past games they have played. +"With the premise: 'William Irving Turner (1890–1950), commonly known as Tim Turner or W.I. Turner, was an American architect. He served as a U.S. Forest Service architect and is credited with much of the design of Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon, an important and influential work.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'William Irving Turner talked to Cammy.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",William Irving Turner talked to Cammy.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state the name. +"Consider the premise in: 'Tanya McQueen is an American reality television personality and interior designer on TV's . She made her debut on ""Extreme Makeover"" in an October 2005 episode titled, ""The Teas Family"". On August 2, 2011, McQueen and fellow Extreme Makeover personality Tracy Hutson debuted the show ""Picker Sisters"" on Lifetime.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The show ""Picker Sisters"" debuted on Lifetime more than 1001 days ago.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","The show ""Picker Sisters"" debuted on Lifetime more than 1001 days ago.",{ contradiction } 1001 days is not even 3 years and it debuted over 8 years ago. It's difficult because I used 1001 days as the measurement. +" Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own ""smart"" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others. They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices. Some even have refresh rates in the kHz range, allowing for basic video applications. How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected? ",How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected?, in a daisy chain +"Given the context: 'The Committee of 100 is a Wilmington, Delaware based lobbying group that deals with issues relating to economic development, local finance, and land use policy in the state of Delaware, particularly the northern part of New Castle County. It was founded in 1967.' , classify the statement: 'The committee of 100 has 99 members.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The committee of 100 has 99 members.,{ neutral } The committee of 100 implies there are 100 members within the context. Not 99. Not 101. 100 members. +"Using the premise: 'An October 22, 1998 article by Dianne Rinehart reported that according to an Angus Read poll, 51 per cent of British Columbians viewed the Nisga'a Final Agreement as a step in the right direction, with 33 per cent of those polled holding the opposite view and 16 per cent unsure of their views.' , decide if the conclusion: 'dianne rinehart was a reporter' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",dianne rinehart was a reporter,"{ neutral } Not sure why that fooled the AI, maybe the context of the wording" +"From the information in: 'Allied Press is a New Zealand publishing company based in Dunedin. The company's main asset is the Otago Daily Times, New Zealand's oldest daily newspaper. Allied Press also has a number of other daily and community newspapers and commercial printing operations throughout southern New Zealand. It also operates Dunedin's regional television station, 39 Dunedin Television, on Freeview HD.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Southern New Zealand is north of northern New Zealand.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Southern New Zealand is north of northern New Zealand.,"{ neutral } North is always north, so southern New Zealand is not north of northern New Zealand. I think this was difficult because it introduced know information that is not part of the context." +"Considering the context: 'The Outsiders are a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Kevin Nash and Scott Hall, best known for their first appearances in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1996. They later teamed also in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'They competed in the WCW in 1990 + 6' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",They competed in the WCW in 1990 + 6,"{ contradiction } 1990 + 6 is 1996, the year they competed in the WCW. I think the model struggles to interpret addition to years." +"Consider the premise in: 'The Asko Concerto is a concerto for chamber orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Dutch chamber group Asko Ensemble, for which the piece is titled. It was composed in January 2000 and was first performed in Concertgebouw, Amsterdam on April 26, 2000, by the Asko ensemble under the conductor Oliver Knussen. The piece is dedicated to Asko/Schönberg.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Asko Concerto was first performed in the continent of Europe' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Asko Concerto was first performed in the continent of Europe,{ neutral } The system must not associate Netherlands with the hierarchy of Europe +"Consider the premise in: 'Shahzad Hasan (also known as Shahi Hasan), is a Pakistani musician, record producer, occasional actor, bass guitarist, backing vocalist and music industry executive. Co-founding the pop and rock band, Vital Signs, with keyboardist Rohail Hyatt in 1986, he earned recognition of playing bass guitar and as an original member of Vital Signs.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Shahzad Hasan plays in more than one band.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Shahzad Hasan plays in more than one band.,"{ entailment } Vital Signs is the only band listed, there is no indication of playing in other bands. The system could not identify the band names." +" The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or ""Pub"" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village. How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready? ",How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready?, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole +" The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor? ",How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?, eight +" The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,810 m (15,781 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,123 ft), known as the ""four-thousanders"". How long has it taken for the Alps to form? ",How long has it taken for the Alps to form? , over tens of millions of years +"Given the detailed context: '""The Button"" is a 2017 comic book crossover created and published by DC Comics. The story arc consists of four issues from DC's Batman and Flash publications, functioning in part as a larger buildup towards the ""Doomsday Clock"" event. The plot was written by Joshua Williamson and Tom King, with art by Jason Fabok and Howard Porter.', judge whether the statement: 'Tom King is not one of a writer of this book.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tom King is not one of a writer of this book.,{ entailment } The plot was written by Joshua Williamson and Tom King. +"Using the premise: 'The scheme he had devised before had been of no use , and now good counsel was scarce .
` Oh , no ' said the steward , ` there are good enough ways yet .
The squire can send him this evening to fish in Devilmoss Lake : he will never escape alive from there , for no one can go there by night for Old Eric . '
That was a grand idea , both the squire and his wife thought , and so he limped out again to Hans , and said that he would punish his men for having tried to make a fool of him .
Meanwhile , Hans could do a little job where he would be free from these rascals .' , decide if the conclusion: 'He will succeed in this new scheme' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",He will succeed in this new scheme,"{ contradiction } This statement fits into the neither category, because while the first scheme failed, we do not yet know how this new plan will work out. The system may have mistaken my mention of the ""new scheme"" with the previous failed scheme. " +" In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was ""the colour of an empress"". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigment was derived from the rock lapis lazuli, a stone imported from Afghanistan of greater value than gold. Beyond a painter's retainer, patrons were expected to purchase any gold or lapis lazuli to be used in the painting. Hence, it was an expression of devotion and glorification to swathe the Virgin in gowns of blue. Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal? ",Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal?, gold +" Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. Out of the Frankfurt School, thinkers like Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas combined Marxian and Freudian perspectives. Along somewhat different lines, a number of other continental thinkers—still largely influenced by Marxism—put new emphases on structuralism and on a ""return to Hegel"". Within the (post-) structuralist line (though mostly not taking that label) are thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Claude Lefort, and Jean Baudrillard. The Situationists were more influenced by Hegel; Guy Debord, in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ideology formation. Who in particular moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption? ",Who in particular moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption? , Guy Debord +" What drove circadian rhythms to evolve has been an enigmatic question. Previous hypotheses emphasized that photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms may have originated together in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting replicating DNA from high levels of damaging ultraviolet radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. However, evidence for this is lacking, since the simplest organisms with a circadian rhythm, the cyanobacteria, do the opposite of this - they divide more in the daytime. Recent studies instead highlight the importance of co-evolution of redox proteins with circadian oscillators in all three kingdoms of life following the Great Oxidation Event approximately 2.3 billion years ago. The current view is that circadian changes in environmental oxygen levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of daylight are likely to have driven a need to evolve circadian rhythms to preempt, and therefore counteract, damaging redox reactions on a daily basis. What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect? ",What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?, replicating DNA +" Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt. Comcast acquired Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999. In March 1999, Comcast offered to buy MediaOne for $60 billion. However, MediaOne decided to accept AT&T Corporation's offer of $62 billion instead. Comcast University started in 1999 as well as Comcast Interactive Capital Group to make technology and Internet related investments taking its first investment in VeriSign. What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in? ",What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in?, VeriSign +" The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most ""notorious liar"" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 ""suicide package"" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him ""You are done. There is only one way out for you..."" with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions. What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK? ",What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?, anonymous +" A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities. What is the traditional sport on Tuvalu? ",What is the traditional sport on Tuvalu?, kilikiti +" To pay for his military campaigns and colonial expansion, Emperor Wu nationalized several private industries. He created central government monopolies administered largely by former merchants. These monopolies included salt, iron, and liquor production, as well as bronze-coin currency. The liquor monopoly lasted only from 98 to 81 BC, and the salt and iron monopolies were eventually abolished in early Eastern Han. The issuing of coinage remained a central government monopoly throughout the rest of the Han dynasty. The government monopolies were eventually repealed when a political faction known as the Reformists gained greater influence in the court. The Reformists opposed the Modernist faction that had dominated court politics in Emperor Wu's reign and during the subsequent regency of Huo Guang (d. 68 BC). The Modernists argued for an aggressive and expansionary foreign policy supported by revenues from heavy government intervention in the private economy. The Reformists, however, overturned these policies, favoring a cautious, non-expansionary approach to foreign policy, frugal budget reform, and lower tax-rates imposed on private entrepreneurs. Which political faction favored budgetary reform? ",Which political faction favored budgetary reform?, The Reformists +"Examine the premise: 'Beyond the Gates of Splendor (also Beyond the Gates) is a feature-length documentary film that was released in 2004. It chronicles the events leading up to and following Operation Auca, an attempt to contact the Huaorani tribe of Ecuador in which five American missionaries were killed. The film was produced by Bearing Fruit Productions and distributed by Every Tribe Entertainment.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The film was produced by Every Tribe Entertainment' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The film was produced by Every Tribe Entertainment,{ entailment } my statement is definitely incorrect because it clearly says in the context that the film was produced by Bearing Fruit Productions and distributed by Every Tribe Entertainment +" The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track. New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world? ",New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world?, subway systems +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to qualify for unemployment
Understand the limitations. While all states have some form of federal-state unemployment program, the limits placed on this program can vary from state to state. [substeps] Check with your state unemployment insurance agency as soon as you lose your job to learn more specific information about whether or not you qualify for unemployment benefits.' . Does the hypothesis: 'You will qualify for unemployment as soon as you lose your job.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",You will qualify for unemployment as soon as you lose your job.,"{ contradiction } Based on the context, you could qualify for unemployment after losing a job but you also could not." +" On 20 June 1995, the Southern Baptist Convention voted to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots and apologizing for its past defense of slavery. More than 20,000 Southern Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta. The resolution declared that messengers, as SBC delegates are called, ""unwaveringly denounce racism, in all its forms, as deplorable sin"" and ""lament and repudiate historic acts of evil such as slavery from which we continue to reap a bitter harvest."" It offered an apology to all African-Americans for ""condoning and/or perpetuating individual and systemic racism in our lifetime"" and repentance for ""racism of which we have been guilty, whether consciously or unconsciously."" Although Southern Baptists have condemned racism in the past, this was the first time the predominantly white convention had dealt specifically with the issue of slavery. How many Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta? ",How many Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta?," More than 20,000 " +"With the premise: 'Well, Justice, that certainly is the reason the Government offers for this pattern. It, of course, doesn't explain actually what Congress has done and, even in this case, when a work has passed into the public domain, then there is precisely the same week before/week after problem that you advert to, that extension does not extend to all subsisting works, it only extends to all subsisting copyrights. So that line is already drawn in the practice that Congress has adopted, but our point is, the only way to assure --' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The US congress is always in the United states, in it's entirety.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","The US congress is always in the United states, in it's entirety.",{ contradiction } narrative never speaks about the location of all members of congress +" Flexible or so-called ""unbreakable"" records made of unusual materials were introduced by a number of manufacturers at various times during the 78 rpm era. In the UK, Nicole records, made of celluloid or a similar substance coated onto a cardboard core disc, were produced for a few years beginning in 1904, but they suffered from an exceptionally high level of surface noise. In the United States, Columbia Records introduced flexible, fiber-cored ""Marconi Velvet Tone Record"" pressings in 1907, but the advantages and longevity of their relatively noiseless surfaces depended on the scrupulous use of special gold-plated Marconi Needles and the product was not a success. Thin, flexible plastic records such as the German Phonycord and the British Filmophone and Goodson records appeared around 1930 but also did not last long. The contemporary French Pathé Cellodiscs, made of a very thin black plastic, which uncannily resembles the vinyl ""sound sheet"" magazine inserts of the 1965–1985 era, were similarly short-lived. In the US, Hit of the Week records, made of a patented translucent plastic called Durium coated on a heavy brown paper base, were introduced in early 1930. A new issue came out every week and they were sold at newsstands like a weekly magazine. Although inexpensive and commercially successful at first, they soon fell victim to the Great Depression and production in the US ended in 1932. Related Durium records continued to be made somewhat later in the UK and elsewhere, and as remarkably late as 1950 in Italy, where the name ""Durium"" survived far into the LP era as a trademark on ordinary vinyl records. Despite all these attempts at innovation, shellac compounds continued to be used for the overwhelming majority of commercial 78 rpm records during the lifetime of the format. What year were Durium records no longer released in the US? ",What year were Durium records no longer released in the US?, 1932 +"Given the premise: 'Omar Azmy Shama (born 1976) (Arabic: عمر عزمي شامة‎ ‎ ) (Various spellings include ""Omar Schama"", ""Omar Chama"") is an Egyptian screenwriter and film producer born in Cairo, Egypt. Following university, he worked as a reporter at the Associated Press news agency. He later quit his job to focus on a career in the film industry.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Omar enjoyed making films' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Omar enjoyed making films,{ neutral } he left job to make films +"From the facts presented in 'In the mathematical field of topology, the Alexandroff extension is a way to extend a noncompact topological space by adjoining a single point in such a way that the resulting space is compact. It is named for the Russian mathematician Pavel Alexandrov.' , decide if the statement: 'Pavel Alexandrov made an equation for topological math' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Pavel Alexandrov made an equation for topological math,"{ neutral } Alexandroff extensions are an equation, the bot didn't understand the wording." +"Analyze the premise: 'Gary LeVox (born Gary Wayne Vernon, Jr., July 10, 1970), is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for being the lead vocalist of the contemporary Country Pop trio Rascal Flatts, and his stage name is taken from the studio-console label for his lead-vocal track.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Gary LeVox sings lead in a band called the contemporary.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Gary LeVox sings lead in a band called the contemporary.,"{ entailment } I took part of the description of Rascal Flatts and wrote as if it were the name of the band. When there are a lot of details/categories/modifiers, I think the AI is confused by the many details." +" Today, computer security comprises mainly ""preventive"" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network stack (or, in the case of most UNIX-based operating systems such as Linux, built into the operating system kernel) to provide real time filtering and blocking. Another implementation is a so-called physical firewall which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic. Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet. What type of machines normall have a firewall? ",What type of machines normall have a firewall?, permanently connected to the Internet +" Original master discs are created by lathe-cutting: a lathe is used to cut a modulated groove into a blank record. The blank records for cutting used to be cooked up, as needed, by the cutting engineer, using what Robert K. Morrison describes as a ""metallic soap,"" containing lead litharge, ozokerite, barium sulfate, montan wax, stearin and paraffin, among other ingredients. Cut ""wax"" sound discs would be placed in a vacuum chamber and gold-sputtered to make them electrically conductive for use as mandrels in an electroforming bath, where pressing stamper parts were made. Later, the French company Pyral invented a ready-made blank disc having a thin nitro-cellulose lacquer coating (approximately 7 mils thickness on both sides) that was applied to an aluminum substrate. Lacquer cuts result in an immediately playable, or processable, master record. If vinyl pressings are wanted, the still-unplayed sound disc is used as a mandrel for electroforming nickel records that are used for manufacturing pressing stampers. The electroformed nickel records are mechanically separated from their respective mandrels. This is done with relative ease because no actual ""plating"" of the mandrel occurs in the type of electrodeposition known as electroforming, unlike with electroplating, in which the adhesion of the new phase of metal is chemical and relatively permanent. The one-molecule-thick coating of silver (that was sprayed onto the processed lacquer sound disc in order to make its surface electrically conductive) reverse-plates onto the nickel record's face. This negative impression disc (having ridges in place of grooves) is known as a nickel master, ""matrix"" or ""father."" The ""father"" is then used as a mandrel to electroform a positive disc known as a ""mother"". Many mothers can be grown on a single ""father"" before ridges deteriorate beyond effective use. The ""mothers"" are then used as mandrels for electroforming more negative discs known as ""sons"". Each ""mother"" can be used to make many ""sons"" before deteriorating. The ""sons"" are then converted into ""stampers"" by center-punching a spindle hole (which was lost from the lacquer sound disc during initial electroforming of the ""father""), and by custom-forming the target pressing profile. This allows them to be placed in the dies of the target (make and model) record press and, by center-roughing, to facilitate the adhesion of the label, which gets stuck onto the vinyl pressing without any glue. In this way, several million vinyl discs can be produced from a single lacquer sound disc. When only a few hundred discs are required, instead of electroforming a ""son"" (for each side), the ""father"" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper. Production by this latter method, known as the ""two-step-process"" (as it does not entail creation of ""sons"" but does involve creation of ""mothers,"" which are used for test playing and kept as ""safeties"" for electroforming future ""sons"") is limited to a few hundred vinyl pressings. The pressing count can increase if the stamper holds out and the quality of the vinyl is high. The ""sons"" made during a ""three-step"" electroforming make better stampers since they don't require silver removal (which reduces some high fidelity because of etching erasing part of the smallest groove modulations) and also because they have a stronger metal structure than ""fathers"". What is the two step process? ",What is the two step process?," ""father"" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper " +" In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area and wintered over. In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor. These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor. The Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection. Where did the settlers came from? ",Where did the settlers came from?, Massachusetts Bay Colony +" Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms. Where was Johannes Leche from? ",Where was Johannes Leche from?, Finland +"Given the premise: 'Feel the burn
Bernie Sanders wanted to be president. Bernie Sanders had great ideas. But the people did not believe Bernie's ideas could be pulled off. So the people voted for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Now America is screwed!' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'All of Bernie Sanders' ideas are achievable.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",All of Bernie Sanders' ideas are achievable.,{ contradiction } The context doesn't say what Bernie's ideas are or how many of them are achievable. +" In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. Who needed Soviet financial and military aid? ",Who needed Soviet financial and military aid?, China +" Under the Bretton Woods system established after World War II, the value of gold was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, gold stocks dwindled as banks and international investors began to convert dollars to gold, and as a result the value of the dollar began to decline. Facing an emerging currency crisis and the imminent danger that the United States would no longer be able to redeem dollars for gold, gold convertibility was finally terminated in 1971 by President Nixon, resulting in the ""Nixon shock"". What did banks and investors do that devalued the dollar? ",What did banks and investors do that devalued the dollar?, convert dollars to gold +"With the given context: 'Hill College is a comprehensive community college located in Hillsboro, Cleburne, Burleson, Glen Rose and Meridian, Texas. Hill College opened its doors in 1923, one year before North Central Texas College, which is the oldest continuously-operating community college in Texas because Hill College was closed during the 1950s.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'several colleges opened its doors in 1923' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",several colleges opened its doors in 1923,{ entailment } we only know of one college opening its doors in 1923; there could be more or there could not be. I think the system recognized that hill college had multiple campuses and assumed these all opened at the same time. +" To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the early 1980s' common perception of a troubled and shallow video game market, the company freshened its product nomenclature and positioning, and it established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall system was referred to as an ""Entertainment System"" instead of a ""video game system"", which was centered upon a machine called a ""Control Deck"" instead of a ""console"", and which featured software cartridges called ""Game Paks"" instead of ""video games"". The 10NES lockout chip system acted as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck, deterring the copying or production of NES games which had not first achieved Nintendo's licensed approval. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bore pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game, which were of sufficiently recognizable quality on their own. Symbols on the launch games' packaging clearly indicated the genre of the game, in order to reduce consumer confusion. A 'seal of quality' was printed on all appropriately licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal stated, ""This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product"". This text was later changed to ""Official Nintendo Seal of Quality"". What did Nintendo use instead of the word console? ",What did Nintendo use instead of the word console?, Control Deck +" Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to: How many missions are carried out internally in Canada? ",How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?, six core missions +" Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry. Which entity oversees the Judicial Police? ",Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?, the Public Ministry. +"Using the premise: 'CapX is a British online news website and aggregator founded by the Centre for Policy Studies, and features columnists and contributors such as Tim Montgomerie, Daniel Hannan and V. S. Naipaul. The site offers original content and aggregated news and blogs, and features opinion on politics, economics, and business issues.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Centre for Policy Studies is a news site and aggregator.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Centre for Policy Studies is a news site and aggregator.,"{ entailment } I misnamed the site as the Centre that runs it. Again, I think the AI is confused by little details. Maybe it's even confused by capitalization." +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to remove mold odors from inside automobiles
Inspect the interior of the car. Check everywhere, even in places that are hidden from you view like under the floor mats and seats. Look for any traces of moisture or mildew.' , determine if the claim: 'He enjoyed the slow dance with her.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",He enjoyed the slow dance with her.,{ contradiction } It didn't say either way. +"Examine the premise: 'How to take iodine
Choose an iodine supplement of 0.5 milligrams or less. If you think you aren't getting enough iodine and you don't want to visit the doctor, take a low dose of iodine. You shouldn't take more than 0.5 milligrams a day, as too much iodine can wreak havoc on your thyroid gland.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The person writing these instructions would agree that a 50 milligram iodine supplement would not be good for one's thyroid gland.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The person writing these instructions would agree that a 50 milligram iodine supplement would not be good for one's thyroid gland.,"{ neutral } He says taking any more than 0.5 milligrams would ""wreak havoc"" on the thyroid, and 50 milligrams is 100 times more than that. " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Wedding Toasts I’ll Never Give is a memoir by Ada Calhoun about marriage. It was inspired by the success of her ""New York Times"" “Modern Love” column, “The Wedding Toast I’ll Never Give,” which the paper named one of its most-read stories of 2015. The book was released on May 16, 2017 by W. W. Norton & Company.' , determine if the claim: 'Ada Calhoun's article was published in the New York Times before her book came out.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ada Calhoun's article was published in the New York Times before her book came out.,"{ neutral } Her book wasn't released until 2017, the article was published in the New York Times in 2015. The system couldn't compare the dates." +" On 18 January 2014, the interim government successfully institutionalised a more secular constitution. The president is elected to a four-year term and may serve 2 terms. The parliament may impeach the president. Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute freedom of thought. The military retains the ability to appoint the national Minister of Defence for the next 8 years. Under the constitution, political parties may not be based on ""religion, race, gender or geography"". When was new constitution institutionalised? ",When was new constitution institutionalised?, 18 January 2014 +" On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an ""open city"". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. None of the children came back. On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army. General Charles de Gaulle led a huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris, and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville. How many Jews were arrested following German orders? ",How many Jews were arrested following German orders?," 12,884 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Sioux Ghost Shirt was a feature of Glasgow's Kelvingrove Museum for more than 100 years before being repatriated to its land of origin.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The shirt is an antique.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The shirt is an antique.,{ neutral } It is 100 years old. +" After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended. What was used to aim the guns after electrical commands were sent? ",What was used to aim the guns after electrical commands were sent?, hydraulics +"Based on the details provided in: 'The 1938 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1938 college football season. They were led by head coach Wallace Wade, who was in his eight season at the school. Known as the ""Iron Dukes,"" the 1938 Blue Devils went undefeated and unscored upon during the entire regular season, earning them the Southern Conference championship.' , determine if the claim: 'Wallace Wade, of the 1938 Duke Blue Devils football team, went without scoring the entire regular season, earning the Blue Devils the Southern Conference championship.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Wallace Wade, of the 1938 Duke Blue Devils football team, went without scoring the entire regular season, earning the Blue Devils the Southern Conference championship.","{ entailment } If you went without scoring the entire season, you would never win a game. " +" An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of ""Take Me Out to the Ball Game"" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of ""Talkin' Baseball"" (subtitled ""Baseball and the Cubs"") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field. How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album? ",How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?, 17 songs +"Examine the information in 'Healthier Life
Maddie wanted to lead a healthier life. She began to exercise, and she especially enjoyed running. At first, Maddie could only run for a few minutes at a time. With practice, she was able to finish a 5k race with a good time. Maddie then felt strong and healthy, accomplishing her goal.' Is the statement: 'Maddie liked the idea of being healthy' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Maddie liked the idea of being healthy,"{ neutral } noted she was trying to live a healthier life, system seems to have missed this" +" Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical translation, hymns and hagiography) flourished. Old Czech texts, including poetry and cookbooks, were produced outside the university as well. Later in the century Jan Hus contributed significantly to the standardization of Czech orthography, advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners (particularly in religion) and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language. When was Charles University founded in Prague? ",When was Charles University founded in Prague?, 1348 +" In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John. Tudor historians were generally favourably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king. Revisionist histories written by John Foxe, William Tyndale and Robert Barnes portrayed John as an early Protestant hero, and John Foxe included the king in his Book of Martyrs. John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine in 1632 praised John's ""great renown"" as a king; he blamed the bias of medieval chroniclers for the king's poor reputation. What praised John's ""great renown"" as a king? ","What praised John's ""great renown"" as a king?", John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine +"Consider the premise in: 'The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino and starring Liv Tyler and Scott Speedman. The film follows a young couple who are terrorized by three masked assailants over the course of an evening at a remote summer home.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Bryan Bertino directed a drama film starring Liv Tyler' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Bryan Bertino directed a drama film starring Liv Tyler,{ contradiction } It is unstated whether Bryan Bertino ever worked with Liv Tyler on another film. I think the system got it wrong because the statement was intentionally phrased to contradict something in the context +" Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral. What was hung from the Eiffel Tower? ",What was hung from the Eiffel Tower?, banner +" According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not. Which state received Kerry's yacht's sales tax? ",Which state received Kerry's yacht's sales tax?, Massachusetts +"Analyze the premise: 'Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf has ordered security forces to take firm action against rioters following the assassination of opposition leader Benazir Bhutto. The violence has left at least 44 people dead and dozens injured. Mr. Musharraf insisted the measures were to protect people. VOA's Ayaz Gul reports from Islamabad that a bitter dispute has also erupted over how the 54-year-old politician died and who was behind her assassination.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Perez Musharraf is a 54-year-old politician.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Perez Musharraf is a 54-year-old politician.,"{ contradiction } The context states that Bhutto is a 54-year-old politician, but maybe Musharraf is too?" +"Given the premise: 'The Sound of Waves (潮騒 , Shiosai ) is a 1954 novel by the Japanese author Yukio Mishima. It is a coming-of-age story of the protagonist Shinji and his romance with Hatsue, the beautiful daughter of the wealthy ship owner Terukichi. For this book Mishima was awarded the Shincho Prize from Shinchosha Publishing in 1954. It has been adapted for film five times.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The novel was written in Japanese.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The novel was written in Japanese.,"{ entailment } Although the writer has a Japanese name, we do not know from the context if they wrote in the Japanese language." +" In 1526, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern day Uzbekistan), swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Empire, which at its zenith covered modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. However, his son Humayun was defeated by the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri in the year 1540, and Humayun was forced to retreat to Kabul. After Sher Shah's death, his son Islam Shah Suri and the Hindu emperor Hemu Vikramaditya, who had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels and forces of Akbar, from Punjab to Bengal and had established a secular rule in North India from Delhi till 1556 after winning Battle of Delhi. Akbar's forces defeated and killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat on 6 November 1556. Who defeated Babur's son in 1540? ",Who defeated Babur's son in 1540?, Sher Shah Suri +"Based on the details provided in: '""Sun Goes Down"" is a song by German DJ and record producer Robin Schulz. It features the vocals from British singer Jasmine Thompson. The song was released in Germany as a digital download on 24 October 2014. The song peaked at number two on the German Singles Chart.' , determine if the claim: '""Sun Goes Down"" is a song by british singer Jasmine Thompson' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Sun Goes Down"" is a song by british singer Jasmine Thompson","{ entailment } The song features the vocals from British singer Jasmine Thompson, but the author is Robin Schulz." +"With the premise: 'New Orleans Square is a themed land found at Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California. Based on 19th-century New Orleans, Louisiana, the roughly three-acre area was the first land to be added to Disneyland after the park's opening, at a cost of $18 million. It is exclusive to Disneyland, although a similarly themed area can be found within Adventureland at Tokyo Disneyland.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The square is far from New Orleans.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The square is far from New Orleans.,{ contradiction } It's in Anaheim which is far from New Orleans. +"Examine the information in 'How to write a growth plan
Identify growth opportunities. Unlike a regular business plan, a growth plan focuses specifically on growth opportunities. There are many ways to grow your business, including the following : [substeps] Add new products or services.' Is the statement: 'A growth plan will have different content than a regular business plan.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A growth plan will have different content than a regular business plan.,{ neutral } A growth plan focuses on growth which is different than a business plan so the content of the two will not be the same. +" The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian *arya- (meaning ""Aryan,"" i.e., ""of the Iranians""), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ar-yo-, meaning ""skillful assembler."" In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic: Ирон – Iron). What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages? ",What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages?, the gentilic +" With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. In what year did Hayek come to London? ",In what year did Hayek come to London?, 1931 +" Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly. However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This nutrient limitation has led the evolution of different growth strategies (see r/K selection theory). Some organisms can grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have adaptations to harsh environments, such as the production of multiple antibiotics by Streptomyces that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. In nature, many organisms live in communities (e.g., biofilms) that may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection from environmental stresses. These relationships can be essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy). What can create a subsequent increase of nutrients in natural environment? ",What can create a subsequent increase of nutrients in natural environment?, biofilms +" The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later fought against Herod the great. The hellenization of the Nabateans accured relatively late in comparison to the surrounding regions. Nabatean material culture does not show any Greek influence until the reign of Aretas III Philhellene in the 1st century BCE. Aretas captured Damascus and built the Petra pool complex and gardens in the Hellenistic style. Though the Nabateans originally worshipped their traditional gods in symbolic form such as stone blocks or pillars, during the Hellenistic period they began to identify their gods with Greek gods and depict them in figurative forms influenced by Greek sculpture. Nabatean art shows Greek influences and paintings have been found depicting Dionysian scenes. They also slowly adopted Greek as a language of commerce along with Aramaic and Arabic. Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? ",Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence?, Aretas III Philhellene +" Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches. What is the largest body of Lutheran churches? ",What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?, The Lutheran World Federation +" Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it. Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying. Where was Madonna raised? ",Where was Madonna raised?, Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township +" Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can maintain a persistent infection by infecting different cells of the body. Some viruses once acquired never leave the body. A typical example is the herpes virus, which tends to hide in nerves and become reactivated when specific circumstances arise. Where does the herpes virus hide? ",Where does the herpes virus hide?, in nerves +" The regions in their inventory were Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia and Abyssinia. Explicitly excluded is India. No mention is made of the Balkans. What region was explicitly excluded? ",What region was explicitly excluded?, India +" Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition. What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments? ",What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments?, events +" The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England. Who was The Times first correspondent with an army? ",Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?, W. H. Russell +" The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron. Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011? ",Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?, Dr. Osotimehin +"Analyze the premise: 'Lost and Found
Aya lost her gold anklet in gym class. She was distraught! But then she went to the guidance office. There, she checked the Lost And Found box. Thankfully, her anklet had been found and turned in.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Aya was distraught, but not after finding her anklet.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Aya was distraught, but not after finding her anklet.","{ contradiction } The original statement states that Aya was distraught after losing her anklet, so one can reasonably assume she was no longer distraught after finding it. The system was fooled by the creator statement because the original statement did not explicitly state she was no longer distraught." +"Analyze the premise: 'Otoyol 32 (English: Motorway 3 ), also known as the Izmir-Çeşme Motorway (Turkish: ""İzmir-Çeşme Otoyolu"" ) and abbreviated as the O-32 is a 77.7 km long toll motorway located entirely within the Izmir Province in Turkey. The O-32 runs from Balçova, Izmir to the coastal resort town of Çeşme on the Karaburun Peninsula. The motorway connects to the O-30 (Izmir Beltway) in Izmir.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Otoyol 32 is longer than 80 km.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Otoyol 32 is longer than 80 km.,{ entailment } Otoyol 32 is 77.7 km long. The system was confused by the length of the motorway. +"With the given context: 'The Toffee Crisp bar is a chocolate bar first manufactured in the United Kingdom by Mackintosh's in 1963. It is now produced by Nestlé in the UK. It consists of puffed rice embedded in soft toffee and shaped into a rectangular cuboid, the whole bar being covered by milk chocolate.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Toffee Crisp bar is not sold in the US.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Toffee Crisp bar is not sold in the US.,{ entailment } The candy bar is sold in the UK but it doesn't say if it's sold in the US. The system knows it's sold in the UK. +" Holometabolism, or complete metamorphosis, is where the insect changes in four stages, an egg or embryo, a larva, a pupa and the adult or imago. In these species, an egg hatches to produce a larva, which is generally worm-like in form. This worm-like form can be one of several varieties: eruciform (caterpillar-like), scarabaeiform (grub-like), campodeiform (elongated, flattened and active), elateriform (wireworm-like) or vermiform (maggot-like). The larva grows and eventually becomes a pupa, a stage marked by reduced movement and often sealed within a cocoon. There are three types of pupae: obtect, exarate or coarctate. Obtect pupae are compact, with the legs and other appendages enclosed. Exarate pupae have their legs and other appendages free and extended. Coarctate pupae develop inside the larval skin.:151 Insects undergo considerable change in form during the pupal stage, and emerge as adults. Butterflies are a well-known example of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, although most insects use this life cycle. Some insects have evolved this system to hypermetamorphosis. What is an imago? ",What is an imago?, the adult +"Examine the information in 'Edward C. Rochette (born February 17, 1927) has devoted nearly all of his adult life in service to the American Numismatic Association. His first exposure to the ANA was as an editor of ""The Numismatist"" in 1966. Later, he would spend most of his 20 years as executive vice president. In 1987 he was elected to the ANA Board of Governors, and would serve as its president from 1991 to 1993.' Is the statement: '20 years before 1966 Rochette was exposed to the ANA.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",20 years before 1966 Rochette was exposed to the ANA.,"{ entailment } The context said he was first exposed to the ANA in 1966, so he could not be exposed 20 years before then. I think it was difficult because I used many of the same words and numbers that were in the context" +" New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource. What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand? ",What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?, bats +" The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states. Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US? ",Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?, National Institute for Early Education Research +"Examine the information in 'Nevertheless , he remembered shortly what he had come for to the palace , and improving the occasion , he set to work to hunt for his dear money .
But in vain he rummaged in all the drawers ; he found nothing ; all had been spent .
And ferreting thus from room to room he came at last to the one with the throne in it , and feeling fatigued , he sat himself down on it to think over his adventure .' Is the statement: 'The money got up and walked away.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The money got up and walked away.,{ contradiction } We do not know whether this was a fictional story so the money could have or may not have got up and walked away which makes it neither correct nor incorrect. +"With the premise: 'Then , all at once , down at the far end of the garden , I saw a woman walking .
I thought at first that it must be Mary Sloane ; but , as she crossed a moonlit path , I saw it was not our old servant 's stout , homely figure .
This woman was tall and erect .
Although no suspicion of the truth came to me , something about her reminded me of Hester .
Even so had Hester liked to wander about the garden in the twilight .
I had seen her thus a thousand times .
I wondered who the woman could be .
Some neighbor , of course .
But what a strange way for her to come !' , decide if the hypothesis: 'It was a neighbor' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",It was a neighbor,{ neutral } The summary says it was some neighbor of course +" Retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight, as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. In 1984, Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million. A 1999 study estimated that DST increases the revenue of the European Union's leisure sector by about 3%. What category of goods that are used in outdoor activities benefit from the extra hour of daylight from DST? ",What category of goods that are used in outdoor activities benefit from the extra hour of daylight from DST?, sporting goods +"With the given context: 'Robert Louis Boozer (April 26, 1937 – May 19, 2012) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He won a gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics and won an NBA Championship as a member of the Milwaukee Bucks in 1971.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Robert Boozer was younger than twenty-five when he won a medal in the Olympic games in the nineteen sixties.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Robert Boozer was younger than twenty-five when he won a medal in the Olympic games in the nineteen sixties.,{ contradiction } He was 23 so he was under 25 when he won the medal (this AI is hard to beat!!) and I think it fooled the AI because was confused and it read that he was 25 when he won the medal +" The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not. What was to become the Manchu state was founded by Nurhaci, the chieftain of a minor Jurchen tribe – the Aisin Gioro – in Jianzhou in the early 17th century. Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhachi embarked on an intertribal feud in 1582 that escalated into a campaign to unify the nearby tribes. By 1616, he had sufficiently consolidated Jianzhou so as to be able to proclaim himself Khan of the Great Jin in reference to the previous Jurchen dynasty. What type of lifestyle did the Jurchen live? ",What type of lifestyle did the Jurchen live?, sedentary farming +"Reflect on the information in: 'Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 741,096. It is the most populous county in Kentucky and is more than twice as large as the second most populous, Fayette. The county was formed in 1780 and named for future President Thomas Jefferson, who was Governor of Virginia at the time.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jefferson County is located in the south' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jefferson County is located in the south,{ neutral } Kentucky is considered in the south +"Examine the information in 'Along With The Gods – Part 1 () is an upcoming South Korean fantasy drama film based on a webcomic of the same name. The film will be released in two parts, and stars Ha Jung-woo, Cha Tae-hyun, Ju Ji-hoon, Lee Jung-jae, Do Kyung-soo and Kim Hyang-gi. The first part of the film will be released on December 20, 2017.' Is the statement: 'Along With The Gods – Part 1 was very popular in Nepal.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Along With The Gods – Part 1 was very popular in Nepal.,{ contradiction } Along With The Gods – Part 1 was very popular in Tibet. +" The local government continuously strives for a reduction of massive traffic congestion, and has increased incentives for making a bicycle-friendly city. This includes North America's second-largest bicycle sharing system, EcoBici, launched in 2010, in which registered residents can get bicycles for 45 minutes with a pre-paid subscription of 300 pesos a year. There are, as of September 2013, 276 stations with 4,000 bicycles across an area stretching from the Historic center to Polanco. within 300 metres (980 feet) of one another and are fully automatic using a transponder based card. Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometres (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line. The city's initiative is inspired by forward thinking examples, such as Denmark's Copenhagenization. What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City? ",What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City?, Ciclovías +" According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others. What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death? ",What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?, transcribed and edited +" One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females? ",Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?, meant only to describe males +"From the facts presented in 'hard work
Carl had been hired to work at a local factory. It was very hot with temperatures typically over one hundred degrees. Carl hated the job and wanted to quit. However, he had to stick with it to pay the bills. Eventually, Carl got use to job and learned to enjoy it.' , decide if the statement: 'Carl didn't have a job at first, but then he got one' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Carl didn't have a job at first, but then he got one",{ neutral } This is definitely correct. He got a job and thus had a job. +" Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues ""on message,"" they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested press releases or ""talking points"" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize ""town meetings"" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as health care or education; they sponsor party ""retreats"" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create ""theme teams"" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public. What items are discussed at party retreats? ",What items are discussed at party retreats?," issues and assess the party's public image; they create ""theme teams"" to craft party messages " +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Survey
Greg was answering questions. He had been asked to take a survey about his living arrangements. He gave all the information he felt comfortable sharing. Greg hoped the survey would improve things around his apartment. THe complex had really gone downhill lately.' , determine if the claim: 'He gave some of the information he felt comfortable sharing.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",He gave some of the information he felt comfortable sharing.,"{ entailment } Greg gave all of the information he felt comfortable, not some. It was difficult for the system because it couldn't tell a significant difference between to word ""some"" and ""all.""" +"Examine the premise: 'The renewed attention to the war came as peace activists, camping near the president's ranch, awaited a performance Sunday evening by peace movement icon Joan Baez.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Joan Baez has got a lot of fans' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Joan Baez has got a lot of fans,{ neutral } Activists eagerly waited for Joan Baez perfomance +" The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the viral protein hemagglutinin to bind red blood cells together into a detectable matrix may also be characterized as a biochemical test for viral infection, although strictly speaking hemagglutinin is not an enzyme and has no metabolic function. What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? ",What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections?, RNA replicases +" Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 (""Rec. 709"") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding. Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content? ",Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?, MBAFF +"Given the detailed context: 'It contains -- the clause itself contains limitations, limited times, authors, exclusive rights and things of that nature. I don't think -- and the petitioners expressly disclaim the assertion that any substantive limitations in the ""Promote the- Clause. What the Framers were saying is, we want to give Congress the authority to promote the progress of useful arts and sciences, and --', judge whether the statement: 'Framers were thinking will be the development in the art when is Congress has the authority of useful arts and sciences.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Framers were thinking will be the development in the art when is Congress has the authority of useful arts and sciences.,"{ entailment } What the Framers were saying is, we want to give Congress the authority to promote the progress of useful arts and sciences but We don't sure what were Framers were thinking exactly. What is the reason?" +" The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants might refuse to leave. Underground officials were ordered to lock station entrances during raids; but by the second week of heavy bombing the government relented and ordered the stations to be opened. Each day orderly lines of people queued until 4 pm, when they were allowed to enter the stations. In mid-September 1940 about 150,000 a night slept in the Underground, although by the winter and spring months the numbers had declined to 100,000 or less. Noises of battle were muffled and sleep was easier in the deepest stations, but many were killed from direct hits on several stations. Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders? ",Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?, by the second week +"Given the context: 'I just let my thoughts run and I thought of the most surprising things . ''
Marilla felt helplessly that all this should be sternly reproved , but she was hampered by the undeniable fact that some of the things Anne had said , especially about the minister 's sermons and Mr. Bell 's prayers , were what she herself had really thought deep down in her heart for years , but had never given expression to .' , classify the statement: 'Marilla deep down liked the sermon' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Marilla deep down liked the sermon,"{ neutral } As stated, Marilla deep down believed the sermon was not good." +" The Estonian Academy of Sciences is the national academy of science. The strongest public non-profit research institute that carries out fundamental and applied research is the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB; Estonian KBFI). The first computer centres were established in the late 1950s in Tartu and Tallinn. Estonian specialists contributed in the development of software engineering standards for ministries of the Soviet Union during the 1980s. As of 2011[update], Estonia spends around 2.38% of its GDP on Research and Development, compared to an EU average of around 2.0%. What is the main science institution in Estonia? ",What is the main science institution in Estonia?, The Estonian Academy of Sciences +" Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument. Blacks were mistreated in the past for a morally irrelevant characteristic of being black so society today should compensate for the injuries. This causes reverse discrimination in the form of preferential hirings, contracts, and scholarships as a means to ameliorate past wrongs. Many opponents argue that this form of reparation is morally indefensible because if blacks were harmed for being black in the past, then preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical. In addition, arguments are made that whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over. Therefore, they are being reverse discriminated against because they are receiving the punishment that should be given to people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices What is a typical argument in favor of affirmative action? ",What is a typical argument in favor of affirmative action?, compensation argument +"Given the premise: 'On the other hand, they've said that it enhances state standards and critical thinking. In my mind, everything that you do in a classroom is teaching. And I don't necessarily think that's just in my mind. I believe that's true of all educators. The way I dress when I go to work tells my students something.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Everything you do and wear in every classroom, even the minor details such as what clothes you have on, is teaching' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Everything you do and wear in every classroom, even the minor details such as what clothes you have on, is teaching","{ neutral } The statement stated that even the clothes that you wear teach something, so my statement was correct" +"Using the premise: '""I will take a brief vacation with some priest friends after Christmas and then I will go on retreat at a monastery,"" Law, reading from a brief statement, told reporters.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Law and his friends are going to a vacation for Christmas.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Law and his friends are going to a vacation for Christmas.,{ entailment } They are going after Christmas. +" The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels. Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: ""the chief priests, with the scribes and elders""; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of Luke presents as the penitent thief and the impenitent thief; ""the soldiers"", ""the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus""; passers-by; ""bystanders"", ""the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle""; and ""his acquaintances"" Name one other group present at the Crucifixion? ",Name one other group present at the Crucifixion?, acquaintances +"With the given context: 'one of the orders issued by Ochola in April Login to license this image from 1$. In short At Kira Road police station, the photocopier business has moved behind the station, far away from the prying eyes of those passing on the road to Bukoto while at Old Kampala Police station, clients are now buying the forms across the road.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Ochola released an order in March about water fountains.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Ochola released an order in March about water fountains.,{ contradiction } The text only talks about an order issued in April. This falls outside the scope of the text. The system probably has trouble seeing dates as points in time. +" While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not ""yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses."" The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz. Who was Favre speaking on behalf of? ",Who was Favre speaking on behalf of?, Government of National Defense +" A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the ""Anahat"" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts ""Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest. Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent? ",Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?, South Asians +"Examine the information in 'The literature of England is literature written in what is now England, or by English writers. It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages.' Is the statement: 'The literature of England has non english examples.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The literature of England has non english examples.,"{ neutral } there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages. +" +"Examine the premise: 'The Mercantil Tower (also known as the Mercantil Building) is a skyscraper located in the Venezuelan city of Caracas, is known for being the fourth tallest tower in the city and the country with 179 m in height and 40 floors, is located at Avenida Andres Bello, Candelaria Parish of Libertador municipality northwest of the capital.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'There are four towers that are taller than the Mercantil Tower in Caracas.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",There are four towers that are taller than the Mercantil Tower in Caracas.,"{ entailment } The statement in incorrect because the excerpt states that the Mercantil Tower is the fourth tallest tower in Caracas, which means that there are only 3 towers that are taller than it. The model may have been confused by the wording in the excerpt." +"With the premise: 'Mary Isobel Downer, Lady Downer (13 December 1924 – 14 October 2014) was a prominent South Australian patron, wife of federal MP and high commissioner Sir Alexander ""Alick"" Downer, and mother of Liberal Party leader, Australian Foreign Minister and high commissioner Alexander Downer.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Lady Downer lived to be 100.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Lady Downer lived to be 100.,"{ entailment } If she was born in 1924 and died in 2014, she would have been 90." +"From the information in: 'A semi-automatic pistol is a type of pistol that is semiautomatic, meaning it uses the energy of the fired cartridge to cycle the action of the firearm and advance the next available cartridge into position for firing. One cartridge is fired each time the trigger of a semi-automatic pistol is pulled; the pistol's ""disconnector"" ensures this behavior.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'No matter how long you press the trigger it will only fire once' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",No matter how long you press the trigger it will only fire once,{ neutral } You have to press it again to fire more +"From the information in: 'Ahmad Jovdat Ismayil oglu Hajiyev (June 18, 1917 - January 18, 2002) was one of the major Azerbaijani composers of the Soviet period. He is remembered for his monumental orchestral works, having been the first Azerbaijani to compose a symphony (1936). He studied under Azerbaijan's Founder of Composed Music, Uzeyir Hajibeyov and under Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Hajiyev did not study under American tutelage.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hajiyev did not study under American tutelage.,{ neutral } The context states that Hajiyev studied music with Azerbaijani and Russian composers. Therefore he did not study with an American teacher. +"Using the premise: 'Simonstone is a small village and civil parish in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 1,154. It is about 4 mi west of Burnley and south of Pendle Hill and Clitheroe along the A671 road. The village adjoins the village of Read, Lancashire and neighbours Padiham.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Simonstone has a population greater than 1,000 today.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Simonstone has a population greater than 1,000 today.","{ contradiction } We only know that the population of the civil parish [Simonstone] taken at the 2011 census was 1,154 - we don't know its population today and we can't assume it has grown. The algorithm may have went by the 2011 figure." +" There have been modern studies that have supported the original autopsy finding. In a 2008 study, researchers analysed samples of Napoleon's hair from throughout his life, as well as samples from his family and other contemporaries. All samples had high levels of arsenic, approximately 100 times higher than the current average. According to these researchers, Napoleon's body was already heavily contaminated with arsenic as a boy, and the high arsenic concentration in his hair was not caused by intentional poisoning; people were constantly exposed to arsenic from glues and dyes throughout their lives.[note 7] Studies published in 2007 and 2008 dismissed evidence of arsenic poisoning, and confirmed evidence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer as the cause of death. Studies published in 2007 and 2008 support what possible causes of Napoleon's death? ",Studies published in 2007 and 2008 support what possible causes of Napoleon's death?, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer +"Given the context: 'This story goes back a number of years to when a company from Nova Scotia, related by the way to the leader of the NDP, the L.E. Shaw group of companies, a very reputable company I might add, proposed doing a similar type of business, a quarrying business on the banks of the Saint Croix River in the Bayside Ports area.' , classify the statement: 'This story goes back more than 4 years ago' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",This story goes back more than 4 years ago,"{ entailment } We don't know how many years ago it goes back, just several years which could mean anything" +"Given the context: 'Fille Saint Merced Nombres Cainglet-Cayetano (born January 30, 1990) is a Filipina volleyball player of the Pocari Sweat Lady Warriors in the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). Fille also played for the Petron Blaze Spikers in the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) from 2013-2016.' , classify the statement: 'Fille Saint Merced Nombres Cainglet-Cayetano was at least 22 years old when she started playing for the Spikers.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Fille Saint Merced Nombres Cainglet-Cayetano was at least 22 years old when she started playing for the Spikers.,"{ neutral } It is definitely correct because she was born in 1990 and started playing for the Spikers in 2013, so she was at least 22. The system was most likely confused because it was required to use math to determine if the statement was correct." +"Consider the premise in: 'The 1998 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Vandals, led by fourth-year head coach Chris Tormey, were members of the Big West Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The 1998 Idaho Vandals football team played football in nineteen hundred and ninety eight' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The 1998 Idaho Vandals football team played football in nineteen hundred and ninety eight,{ contradiction } system did not comprehend the year when I wrote it out +"Given the premise: 'These criteria and conditions, pillars of Canada's health care system, are: one, reasonable access to medically required services unimpeded by charges at the point of service or other barriers; two, comprehensive coverage for medically required services; three, universality of insured coverage for all provincial residents on equal terms and conditions; four, portability of benefits within Canada and abroad; and five, public administration of the health insurance plan on a non-profit basis.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'health care in Canada is equal and fair.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",health care in Canada is equal and fair.,{ neutral } I reworded a fact. This is what made it difficult. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Thousands of people are expected to return to New Orleans this week, as areas of the city are opened up to residents.' , determine if the claim: 'The city was fine.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The city was fine.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if this is the case. +"Analyze the premise: 'USS ""Kamehameha"" (SSBN-642) (called ""Kamfish"" by her crew), a ""Benjamin Franklin""-class ballistic missile submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Kamehameha I, the first King of Hawaii (c. 1758–1819). She is one of only two ships of the United States to be named after a monarch. She was later reclassified as an attack submarine and redesignated SSN-642.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The ""Kamfish"" was originally classified as an attack submarine.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The ""Kamfish"" was originally classified as an attack submarine.","{ entailment } Reason: The ""Kamfish"" was REclassified as an attack submarine. Why: Use of a nickname; key words are a very close match." +" The administration of London is formed of two tiers—a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier. City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components; the Mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Southwark; the mayor is Boris Johnson. The mayor's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan, which was most recently revised in 2011. The local authorities are the councils of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation. They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. Certain functions, such as waste management, are provided through joint arrangements. In 2009–2010 the combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over £22 billion (£14.7 billion for the boroughs and £7.4 billion for the GLA). What group of elected officials provides checks and balances on the Mayor's executive authority? ",What group of elected officials provides checks and balances on the Mayor's executive authority?, the London Assembly +"From the facts presented in 'The Rossendale Free Press is a weekly newspaper published in Rossendale, Lancashire, England and distributed in Rossendale's four main towns of Rawtenstall, Bacup, Haslingden, and Ramsbottom. It is owned by Manchester Evening News Media, which publishes 19 other newspapers, and its current circulation is 14,369.' , decide if the statement: 'The Rossendale Free Press newspaper is published in Ramsbottom.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Rossendale Free Press newspaper is published in Ramsbottom.,"{ entailment } My statement is incorrect because the newspaper is published in Rossendale, not Ramsbottom. I fooled the system most likely because I used words present in the paragraph." +"Analyze the premise: 'Jack Christopher Truelove (born 27 December 1995) is an English football player who most recently played for National League North side Hednesford Town on loan from Oldham Athletic. He is currently registered to play for National League North side Curzon Ashton.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'jack truelove is capricorn' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",jack truelove is capricorn,{ contradiction } he was born in novembe 27 +"Examine the premise: 'Ira Heiden (born September 22, 1966) is an American television and film actor, perhaps best known for his role in the 1987 horror film """" as Will Stanton. Ira's other film roles include the 1988 film ""Elvira, Mistress of the Dark"" and his most recent film is the 1996 film ""Timelock"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Ira Heiden has not been in a film in 23 years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Ira Heiden has not been in a film in 23 years,{ contradiction } His last film was in 1996 +" Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike parasites, they are very similar to true predators in that the fate of their prey is quite inevitably death. A well-known example of a parasitoids are the ichneumon wasps, solitary insects living a free life as an adult, then laying eggs on or in another species such as a caterpillar. Its larva(e) feed on the growing host causing it little harm at first, but soon devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system resulting in prey death. By this stage the young wasp(s) are developed sufficiently to move to the next stage in their life cycle. Though limited mainly to the insect order Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera parasitoids make up as much as 10% of all insect species. It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? ",It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? , 10% +"Given the premise: 'Secrets of the Cryptkeeper’s Haunted House was a children's Saturday-morning game show that ran on CBS. It premiered on September 14, 1996 and lasted until August 23, 1997. It featured the Cryptkeeper of ""Tales from the Crypt"" (with John Kassir as the voice) now serving as an announcer. It is the last TV series in the ""Tales From the Crypt"" franchise.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'John Kassir only voiced the Cryptkeeper on the CBS Saturday-morning game show called Secrets of the Cryptkeeper’s Haunted House' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",John Kassir only voiced the Cryptkeeper on the CBS Saturday-morning game show called Secrets of the Cryptkeeper’s Haunted House,"{ entailment } Jonh Kassir definitely voiced the Cryptkeeper, but it's possible he voiced some other characters also in the show" +" In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names. Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken? ","Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken?", Algeria +"Reflect on the information in: 'Fears were growing last night for the safety of a 'distressed' mother who has disappeared with her disabled nine-year-old daughter. Florist Jude Richmond, whose customers include the Royal Family, was last seen carrying cerebral palsy sufferer Millie Whitehead-Richmond as they left home on Sunday night. Mrs Richmond, 41, was said to have been devastated after splitting from her husband and business partner, Nicholas Richmond, earlier this year. Police believe she became increasingly depressed after the split. She is said to be in a 'very vulnerable state of mind' at the time of her disappearance.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jude Richmond sells and arranges plants and cut flowers.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jude Richmond sells and arranges plants and cut flowers.,"{ neutral } The original passage states that Jude Richmond is a florist, who is a person who sells and arranges plants and cut flowers." +" Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority. Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic? ","Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?", half +" The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. Who is not a member of the College of Arms? ",Who is not a member of the College of Arms?, The Order's King of Arms +"Examine the premise: 'Air Chief Marshal Oluseyi Petinrin (born 19 January 1955) is a senior Nigerian Air Force officer and former Chief of the Defence Staff. Prior to his appointment and promotion as Chief of Defence Staff, he had held the position of Chief of Air Staff (Nigeria).' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Air Chief Marshal Oluseyi Petinrin died at the age of 54.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Air Chief Marshal Oluseyi Petinrin died at the age of 54.,"{ contradiction } The statement that I wrote is an easily identifiable fact, but the information initially provided by the system does not allow for it to be verified, thus making neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect given the information provided." +" Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. Theorists in such diverse fields as anatomy, linguistics, and Ethnology, making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, were beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them then. For them, the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect. Darwin himself arrived at his conclusions through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild. How did Darwin arrive at his conclusions? ",How did Darwin arrive at his conclusions?, comparison of species +"Given the premise: 'In ethology and cognitive ethology, the hawk/goose effect refers to a behavior observed in some young birds when another bird flies above them: if the flying bird is a goose, the young birds show no reaction, but if the flying bird is a hawk, the young birds either become more agitated or cower to reduce the danger. It was first observed by Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The hawk/goose effect refers to the behavior observed in some young birds when a bird flies above them. If the bird is a hawk, the young birds don't react, but if the bird is a goose, the birds become agitated.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The hawk/goose effect refers to the behavior observed in some young birds when a bird flies above them. If the bird is a hawk, the young birds don't react, but if the bird is a goose, the birds become agitated.",{ entailment } Simply flipped the examples around and it seems to only look at the keywords +"Given the premise: 'Scott Powell was born in Dallas, Texas, on August 13, 1948. He was a founding member of Sha Na Na, which began at Columbia University in 1969, under the name The Kingsmen. The group's name was later changed to avoid confusion with another band of the same name.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Scott Powell was 35 years old when her founded Sha Na Na.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Scott Powell was 35 years old when her founded Sha Na Na.,{ neutral } I calculated the age based on year of birth. +"Given the premise: 'Reinhard E. Ketterer (born 1948 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen) is a German retired competitive figure skater who competed for West Germany as a single skater and pair skater. As a single skater, he is the 1969 German national champion, and as a pair skater, he is the 1972 German bronze medalist with partner Gabriele Cieplik. He is still a figure skating coach.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Reinhard E. Ketterer graduated during 1948.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Reinhard E. Ketterer graduated during 1948.,{ neutral } Reinhard E. Ketterer was born during 1948. +" West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records. West came to achieve recognition and is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to the rap mogul's influential 2001 album The Blueprint. The Blueprint is consistently ranked among the greatest hip-hop albums, and the critical and financial success of the album generated substantial interest in West as a producer. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson. What album did Kanye receive production credits on in 2001? ",What album did Kanye receive production credits on in 2001?, The Blueprint +"With the premise: 'Giovanni Aldini (April 10, 1762 – January 17, 1834), was an Italian physicist born in Bologna. He was a brother of the statesman Count Antonio Aldini (1756–1826) and nephew of Luigi Galvani, whose treaties on muscular electricity he edited with notes in 1791.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Giovanni Aldini is the older brother.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Giovanni Aldini is the older brother.,"{ neutral } This is definitely false, he's younger than Count Antonio by 6 years." +"Given the premise: 'Salix Homes is a housing association in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester and based in the Langworthy area of the city. It manages 10,500 homes in the Central Salford part of the district which includes Claremont, Weaste, Seedley, Kersal, Charlestown, Broughton, Ordsall, Langworthy, Islington and Pendleton.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Salix Homes manages homes where 10,500 people live.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Salix Homes manages homes where 10,500 people live.","{ entailment } It says 10,500 homes, but there is no way to know if that many people live there. There may be more people living in the homes. " +" The Arena Football League (AFL) is the highest level of professional indoor American football in the United States. It was founded in 1987 by Jim Foster, making it the third longest-running professional football league in North America, after the Canadian Football League and the National Football League. It is played indoors on a 68-yard field (about half the distance of an NFL field), resulting in a faster-paced and higher-scoring game. The sport was invented in the early 1980s and patented by Foster, a former executive of the United States Football League and the National Football League. What was the inaugural year of the AFL? ",What was the inaugural year of the AFL?, 1987 +"With the premise: 'Habib (Habibollah) Elghanian (Persian: حبیب (حبیب‌الله) القانیان‎ ‎ , 5 April 1912 – 9 May 1979) was a prominent Iranian Jewish businessman and philanthropist who served as the president of the Tehran Jewish Society and acted as the symbolic head of the Iranian Jewish community in the 1970s.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Habib did not donate any of his wealth when he died' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Habib did not donate any of his wealth when he died,{ contradiction } We do not know what he did with his wealth when he died +"Consider the premise in: 'Sri Lanka is an island country located southeast of the Republic of India and northeast of the Maldives. According to the International Monetary Fund, Sri Lanka's GDP in terms of purchasing power parity is second only to the Maldives in the South Asian region in terms of per capita income.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Sri Lanka has the highest GDP in terms of purchasing power, which is seconded by the Maldives in the South Asian region.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Sri Lanka has the highest GDP in terms of purchasing power, which is seconded by the Maldives in the South Asian region.","{ entailment } The statement is definitely incorrect because Sri Lanka's GDP is second to the Maldives, instead of being the first." +"Examine the information in 'It has gone through all the stages of the democratic system in Canada and Quebec, and you can be sure that not a single Bloc Quebecois member of Parliament will oppose the proper workings of democracy in this country called Canada, and in the emerging country which will be called Quebec.' Is the statement: 'The members won't oppose how the government works.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The members won't oppose how the government works.,{ neutral } They won't oppose democracy. +" The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup—their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Joe Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership. A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, to be temporarily replaced by club captain, Dave Watson. Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership; only avoiding relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers. Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998 but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table. Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned? ",Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned?, Dave Watson +" Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds glean for insects, invertebrates, fruit, or seeds. Some hunt insects by suddenly attacking from a branch. Those species that seek pest insects are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in biological pest control programs. Nectar feeders such as hummingbirds, sunbirds, lories, and lorikeets amongst others have specially adapted brushy tongues and in many cases bills designed to fit co-adapted flowers. Kiwis and shorebirds with long bills probe for invertebrates; shorebirds' varied bill lengths and feeding methods result in the separation of ecological niches. Loons, diving ducks, penguins and auks pursue their prey underwater, using their wings or feet for propulsion, while aerial predators such as sulids, kingfishers and terns plunge dive after their prey. Flamingos, three species of prion, and some ducks are filter feeders. Geese and dabbling ducks are primarily grazers. What is the term used for birds that concentrate time and effort on specific food items? ",What is the term used for birds that concentrate time and effort on specific food items?, specialists +"Consider the premise in: 'Shanghai is a series of action comedy films based on the characters written by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. The series includes: ""Shanghai Noon"" (2000), ""Shanghai Knights"" (2003), and the upcoming ""Shanghai Dawn"" (TBA). It stars Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson as the Chinese Imperial guard Chon Wang and the American bandit Roy O'Bannon. The series combined has grossed over $187 million.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Shanghai is a series of comedy films staring Jackie Chan and Chon Wang.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Shanghai is a series of comedy films staring Jackie Chan and Chon Wang.,"{ entailment } Chon Wang is character in the movie, not one of the movie stars. I used a real name related to the film in an attempt to trick the system." +"Analyze the premise: 'Robert L. Hass (born March 1, 1941) is an American poet. He served as Poet Laureate of the United States from 1995 to 1997. He won the 2007 National Book Award and shared the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for the collection ""Time and Materials: Poems 1997-2005."" In 2014 he was awarded the Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Robert Hass is still writing Poems.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Robert Hass is still writing Poems.,"{ contradiction } We know he was publishing in 2007, but we do not know definitely if he still is or isnt. I think the system has a hard time understanding relations between dates and careers." +" Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and taro. Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery). Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes. What are some famous seafood and fish dishes? ",What are some famous seafood and fish dishes?," squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass " +"Given the detailed context: 'Gedney Hill is a village and civil parish South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 737. It is situated close to the border of Cambridgeshire, and approximately 9 mi south-east from Spalding, 8 mi west from Wisbech and 9 miles south from Holbeach.', judge whether the statement: 'The population of the civil parish has nearly doubled since the 2011 census, to over 1200.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The population of the civil parish has nearly doubled since the 2011 census, to over 1200.","{ contradiction } The context does not mention growth in population. I tried an almost identical response first and got 55%. I managed to trip the AI by adding ""to over 1200"" at the end. I think once it had a number to compare to the context that didn't match, it flagged it as incorrect." +" In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other highest administrative official elder directed the defense of the local area. By the thirteenth century Estonia consisted of the following provinces: Revala, Harjumaa, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Läänemaa, Alempois, Sakala, Ugandi, Jogentagana, Soopoolitse, Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Järvamaa and Virumaa. What subdivision was associated with the land? ",What subdivision was associated with the land?, maakond +" After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken. What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation? ",What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?, unified state +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to visit friends that smoke when you are a non smoker
Be honest. One way to deal with the situation is just to broach the topic directly. Bring up that you'd appreciate it if they don't smoke around you.' , determine if the claim: 'One way to get people to quit smoking is to tell them that you appreciate it.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",One way to get people to quit smoking is to tell them that you appreciate it.,"{ entailment } The scenario states to tell them that you ""don't"" appreciate their smoking, not the other way around." +" In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title ""Empress of India"" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877. When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India? ",When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India? , 1 May 1876 +" By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, ""[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful."" Alexander, on the other hand, was ""very plain"". How did Victoria feel about Albert? ",How did Victoria feel about Albert?, enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning +" Left-wing politics have been particularly strong in municipal government since the 1960s. Voters approved charter amendments that have lessened the penalties for possession of marijuana (1974), and that aim to protect access to abortion in the city should it ever become illegal in the State of Michigan (1990). In 1974, Kathy Kozachenko's victory in an Ann Arbor city-council race made her the country's first openly homosexual candidate to win public office. In 1975, Ann Arbor became the first U.S. city to use instant-runoff voting for a mayoral race. Adopted through a ballot initiative sponsored by the local Human Rights Party, which feared a splintering of the liberal vote, the process was repealed in 1976 after use in only one election. As of August 2009, Democrats hold the mayorship and all council seats. The left tilt of politics in the city has earned it the nickname ""The People's Republic of Ann Arbor"". Nationally, Ann Arbor is located in Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell. Ann Arbor became the 1st city in the US to what type of voting in the Mayoral race? ",Ann Arbor became the 1st city in the US to what type of voting in the Mayoral race?, instant-runoff +" Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question ""How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?"" to be ""never"". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that ""caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes."" Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, ""The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population."" How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other? ",How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other?, thousands +"Examine the premise: 'Argonotes, the unofficial band of the Toronto Argonauts is an all volunteer organization committed to bringing quality musical entertainment and a ""traditional football atmosphere"" to all Argonauts home football games. Comprising more than 50 musicians on most game days, Argonotes is the largest musical organization associated with the CFL.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'There is one musical organization associated with the CFL larger than Argonotes.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",There is one musical organization associated with the CFL larger than Argonotes.,"{ entailment } It's the largest organization, so there can't be one larger than it. It's difficult because the statement closely resembles the text." +" The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, ""the British Island"", and Prettanoi, ""the Britons"". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the ""P"" of Pretannia to the ""B"" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar. What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles? ",What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles?, Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) +" Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In the second edition, Darwin added an epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming that God could work through scientific laws as much as through miracles, in a nod to the religious concerns of his oldest friends. The Introduction establishes Darwin's credentials as a naturalist and author, then refers to John Herschel's letter suggesting that the origin of species ""would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process"": Whose epigraph did Darwin add to On the Origin of Species harmonizing God with science and miracles together? ",Whose epigraph did Darwin add to On the Origin of Species harmonizing God with science and miracles together?, Joseph Butler +"Given the context: 'Kenneth Stanton Calvert (born June 8, 1953) is the U.S. Representative for California 's 42 congressional district , and previously the 44th and 43rd, serving since 1993. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district is part of the Inland Empire and south Orange County areas of Southern California.' , classify the statement: 'Kenneth Stanton Calvert was born more than 10,000 days ago.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Kenneth Stanton Calvert was born more than 10,000 days ago.","{ contradiction } 10,000 days is 27.4 years and he was born 66 years ago. It's difficult because I used a weird measurement like 10,000 days." +"Given the premise: 'Serart is a collaboration album by two international Armenian musicians: Serj Tankian (""Ser-""), lead singer of System of a Down, and folk multi-instrumentalist Arto Tunçboyacıyan (""-art""). It was the first release on Tankian's own label, Serjical Strike Records.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'There are less than two international Armenian musicians.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",There are less than two international Armenian musicians.,"{ neutral } The statement lists 2 such musicians, so we know there are at least 2. The system had trouble understanding that 2 musicians were listed in the passage." +" The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo (""Father of Modern Physics"") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method. Johannes Kepler created a model of what? ",Johannes Kepler created a model of what?, planetary motion +" After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; however Libya was recognised as a ""soft target."" Reagan was supported by the U.K. but opposed by other European allies, who argued that it would contravene international law. In Operation El Dorado Canyon, orchestrated on 15 April 1986, U.S. military planes launched a series of air-strikes on Libya, bombing military installations in various parts of the country, killing around 100 Libyans, including several civilians. One of the targets had been Gaddafi's home. Himself unharmed, two of Gaddafi's sons were injured, and he claimed that his four-year-old adopted daughter Hanna was killed, although her existence has since been questioned. In the immediate aftermath, Gaddafi retreated to the desert to meditate, while there were sporadic clashes between Gaddafists and army officers who wanted to overthrow the government. Although the U.S. was condemned internationally, Reagan received a popularity boost at home. Publicly lambasting U.S. imperialism, Gaddafi's reputation as an anti-imperialist was strengthened both domestically and across the Arab world, and in June 1986, he ordered the names of the month to be changed in Libya. What terrorist attack did the United States claim Libya supported? ",What terrorist attack did the United States claim Libya supported?, 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing +"With the given context: 'Dr. Joost Vander Auwera (born 24 January 1957) is a Belgian art historian and museum curator. He is Senior Curator at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. He is the Co-Founder and Project Leader of the international multidisciplinary Jordaens Van Dyck Panel Paintings Project and the Project Leader for the establishment of the visitors centre at the Brueghel House, Brussels.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Dr. Joost Vander Auwera didn't complete his formal education until the age of 38.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Dr. Joost Vander Auwera didn't complete his formal education until the age of 38.,{ contradiction } The text says nothing about his education. It would be hard for the system to determine if it's true or not. +" By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to ""black"". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as ""Negro"" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam. What term followed ""negro"" and ""colored""? ","What term followed ""negro"" and ""colored""?"," ""black"" " +" The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called ""China's Hollywood"". How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there? ",How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?," 1,570 " +" Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent (знак ударения, znak udareniya) may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example замо́к (zamok, meaning a lock) and за́мок (zamok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names. What kind of phonemes are soft sounds? ",What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?, consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation +" The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid levels that have increased drastically when measured after the exposure is completed. When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties. Prenatal stress also hinders the ability to learn and memorize by disrupting the development of the hippocampus and can lead to unestablished long term potentiation in the offspring of severely stressed parents. Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life. Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory? ",Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory?," the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus " +" While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011. Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling sales in Japan, where Microsoft had been unable to make serious inroads into the dominance of domestic rivals Sony and Nintendo, had led to retailers scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales of the Xbox 360 completely. Lackluster sales caused Japanese retailers to take what action with the 360? ",Lackluster sales caused Japanese retailers to take what action with the 360?, scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales +" Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India. Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras? ",Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras?, Prajñāpāramitā +"Examine the information in 'Rohnert Park is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located approximately 50 mi north of San Francisco. The population at the 2010 United States Census was 40,971. It is an early planned city and is the sister city of Hashimoto in Japan. Sonoma State University, part of the California State University system, is located nearby.' Is the statement: 'Rohnert Park is an amusement park in Sonoma County, California.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Rohnert Park is an amusement park in Sonoma County, California.","{ neutral } Rohnert Park is a city, rather than an amusement park. The system may think this was correct because of the repeated use of the word 'park'." +" The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to ""...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation"". Who was the JK Bridge named for? ",Who was the JK Bridge named for?, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira +" The ""snug"", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use these rooms. The snug was for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies would often enjoy a private drink in the snug in a time when it was frowned upon for women to be in a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous. What is another name for the smoke room? ",What is another name for the smoke room?, snug +"Considering the context: 'The American middle-class family isn't making it right now, Bob. And what the president said about the tax cuts has been wiped out by the increase in health care, the increase in gasoline, the increase in tuitions, the increase in prescription drugs.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'How to make a backyard badminton court you have one option' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",How to make a backyard badminton court you have one option,{ contradiction } it is not stated clearly in the paragraph +"With the premise: 'How to operate a segway
Make sure your segway is fully charged by monitoring the battery indicator on the lcd panel. Ensure that the kickstand is fully functioning and holding the segway upright. Turn the segway on by quickly hitting the "" on/off "" button.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Charge the segway before using it.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Charge the segway before using it.,"{ neutral } It is correct, the segway has to be charged before using." +" The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world. What year was the Banská Akadémia founded? ",What year was the Banská Akadémia founded?, 1735 +" After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later. How much money did Beyoncé contribute at the beginning of her Hurricane Katrina foundation? ",How much money did Beyoncé contribute at the beginning of her Hurricane Katrina foundation?," $250,000. " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Man's Heart () is a tragedy silent film about the overseas Chinese community in tin mining industry, which was produced and released in 1928, presented by the ""Kwong Kwong Motion Picture Company ()"", which was located in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan state. its film crew and shooting equipments are coming from the past ""Nanyang Low Pui-kim's Self-made ""Motion Picture Company ()"" in Singapore.' , determine if the claim: 'The Kwong Kwong Motion Picture Company is no longer in business.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Kwong Kwong Motion Picture Company is no longer in business.,{ entailment } The snippet does not state if the company closed down or not. +"Consider the premise in: 'Felix Anthony ""Milwaukee Phil"" Alderisio (April 26, 1912 – September 25, 1971) was a prominent enforcer, bagman, hitman and burglar for the Chicago Outfit, serving as an underboss to Salvatore Giancana (""Sam"", ""Momo"", ""Mooney"") during the 1960s and as boss for a short time from 1967 before being sent to prison in 1969 and dying there.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Felix Anthony ""Milwaukee Phil"" Alderisio was born in April' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Felix Anthony ""Milwaukee Phil"" Alderisio was born in April","{ neutral } It is stated that Felix Anthony ""Milwaukee Phil"" Alderisio was born on April 26, 1912 and died on September 25, 1971. I just stated Felix was born in April which is true but I guess the system had difficulty because it wasn't necessarily stated that is what the dates meant." +" Hemimetabolous insects, those with incomplete metamorphosis, change gradually by undergoing a series of molts. An insect molts when it outgrows its exoskeleton, which does not stretch and would otherwise restrict the insect's growth. The molting process begins as the insect's epidermis secretes a new epicuticle inside the old one. After this new epicuticle is secreted, the epidermis releases a mixture of enzymes that digests the endocuticle and thus detaches the old cuticle. When this stage is complete, the insect makes its body swell by taking in a large quantity of water or air, which makes the old cuticle split along predefined weaknesses where the old exocuticle was thinnest.:142 What kind of metamorphosis do hemimetabolous insects undergo? ",What kind of metamorphosis do hemimetabolous insects undergo?, incomplete +" Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation. Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes? ",Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes?, feeding +"Considering the context: 'But you -- under your intermediate scrutiny test we would not be hypothesizing what might have been in Congress's mind. Your First Amendment test is a stringent one. You have to have an important purpose, and the means that you use is necessarily tied to that purpose. If you take that position, I don't see how you make the retroactive-prospective line work.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The retroactive-prospective line will not work.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The retroactive-prospective line will not work.,"{ entailment } The writer claims, ""If you take that position, I don't see how you make the retroactive-prospective line work."" But that doesn't mean it can't work or won't work. The model took the writer's opinion as fact." +"Using the premise: 'Knedlington is a small hamlet located in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, and forms part of the civil parish of Asselby. It is situated approximately 1 mi west of the market town of Howden and lies to the west of the B1228 road. The M62 motorway is just over 1 mile to the south-east.' , decide if the conclusion: 'the B1228 road is east of Howden' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",the B1228 road is east of Howden,"{ contradiction } According to the statement, Howden is located west from the B1228 road. Therefore, if you're on the B1228 road Howden must be from the east of you. So Howden is east of B1228 road. I should probably put in my statement. Assume you're on the B1228 road Howden is to the east because I worded it vaguely to fool the model. The model might be fooled by vague statements" +" In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state. How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010? ",How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010?," 45,688 " +"Given the context: 'On Thursday, February 11, Ed Roberson will read at the University of Chicago. Roberson is the recipient of the 2015 Ron Offen prize and the subject of a special section in the upcoming issue of CR. He will read from his ten books of poetry and present unpublished work. Event co-sponsored by the Ron Offen Poetry Prize Fund and the Program in Poetry & Poetics Thursday, February 11, 6 PM Logan Center for the Arts Seminar Terrace, Room 801 University of Chicago 915 E. 60th St. Free admission' , classify the statement: 'Roberson's poems will appear in a special section in the upcoming issue of CR.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Roberson's poems will appear in a special section in the upcoming issue of CR.,{ entailment } The text only says Roberson is the subject of a special section in the upcoming issue of CR; it does not say whether his poems will appear in it. The model assumed it. +" Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether. What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do? ","What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?", prohibit all hunting to the clerics +" Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it. Similarly, the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that ""no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience... provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or obstruct others in their religious worship,"" (Article II) but also that: What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support? ",What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support?, some denomination +" In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire. In what province did the Ostrogoths settle? ",In what province did the Ostrogoths settle?, Thracia +"Examine the premise: 'The Left Rights is the self-titled debut album by the Mindless Self Indulgence side project featuring members Little Jimmy Urine and Steve, Righ?. The album also contains a video of Mindless Self Indulgence performing ""Panty Shot"" live at CBGBs in New York City.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The members of the Left Rights are also members of Mindless Self Indulgence.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The members of the Left Rights are also members of Mindless Self Indulgence.,{ neutral } The sentence states that the Left Rights feature two members from Mindless Self Indulgence as a side project. +"From the facts presented in 'Saiyuki (最遊記 , Saiyūki ) is a manga series by Kazuya Minekura which was serialized in ""G-Fantasy"" from 1997 to 2002. It spawned multiple manga sequels, anime adaptations, video games and other media. The story is loosely based on the Chinese novel ""Journey to the West"".' , decide if the statement: 'Saiyuki is a manga series by Kazuya Minekura which was serialized in ""G-Fantasy"" from 1997 to 2002. It spawned multiple manga sequels, anime adaptations, video games, and other media. The story is loosely based on the Chinese-American novel ""Journey to the West.""' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Saiyuki is a manga series by Kazuya Minekura which was serialized in ""G-Fantasy"" from 1997 to 2002. It spawned multiple manga sequels, anime adaptations, video games, and other media. The story is loosely based on the Chinese-American novel ""Journey to the West.""",{ neutral } It is definitely incorrect because the story is not based on a Chinese-American novel but on a Chinese novel. The system probably had difficulty distinguishing between a pure Chinese novel and a Chinese-American novel. +"Examine the information in 'Cedrus (common English name cedar) is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are native to the mountains of the western Himalayas and the Mediterranean region, occurring at altitudes of 1,500–3,200 m in the Himalayas and 1,000–2,200 m in the Mediterranean.' Is the statement: 'Cedrus trees thrive in high altitudes.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Cedrus trees thrive in high altitudes.,{ neutral } The text shares where they typically are found in the mountains. +" Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian War, but now followed Rome again for the first time since that war. A major Roman-Greek force was mobilized under the command of the great hero of the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and set out for Greece, beginning the Roman-Syrian War. After initial fighting that revealed serious Seleucid weaknesses, the Seleucids tried to turn the Roman strength against them at the Battle of Thermopylae (as they believed the 300 Spartans had done centuries earlier). Like the Spartans, the Seleucids lost the battle, and were forced to evacuate Greece. The Romans pursued the Seleucids by crossing the Hellespont, which marked the first time a Roman army had ever entered Asia. The decisive engagement was fought at the Battle of Magnesia, resulting in a complete Roman victory. The Seleucids sued for peace, and Rome forced them to give up their recent Greek conquests. Although they still controlled a great deal of territory, this defeat marked the decline of their empire, as they were to begin facing increasingly aggressive subjects in the east (the Parthians) and the west (the Greeks). Their empire disintegrated into a rump over the course of the next century, when it was eclipsed by Pontus. Following Magnesia, Rome again withdrew from Greece, assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace. In fact, it did the opposite. What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire? ",What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire?, Battle of Magnesia +"Given the detailed context: 'The Corn
Gary had a plot of land. He decided to plant some produce on it. He picked corn for the first crop. It grew tall and healthy. He harvested it and made some delicious food.', judge whether the statement: 'Food is made from corn and nothing but corn.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Food is made from corn and nothing but corn.,"{ neutral } Corn can make certain kinds of food, but food is not limited to corn products only." +" The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery. What war is considered to be the last Roman pacification in Northern Africa? ",What war is considered to be the last Roman pacification in Northern Africa?, The Jugurthine War +"Given the detailed context: 'Lexington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 262,391, and the 2016 population estimate was 286,186. Its county seat and largest town is Lexington. The county was created in 1785. Its name commemorates the Battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War.', judge whether the statement: 'Lexington County is North of North Carolina.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lexington County is North of North Carolina.,"{ neutral } South Carolina, based just on its name, is south of North Carolina. The city is in South Carolina. Thus it cannot be north of north carolina." +" In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France. Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children. Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside France, the largest number coming from Africa and Eastern Europe. The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations. What percentage of homeless people are women? ",What percentage of homeless people are women?, 43 +" The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means ""eight standing together"" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning ""eight"" in Proto-Austronesian). Possible evidence of fire in the Caves of Nanumanga may indicate human occupation for thousands of years. How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area? ",How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area?, 3000 years +"Considering the context: 'How to filter wine
Obtain a gravity flow filter. This method of filtering is the cheapest of all the filtration methods. It works by connecting the filter body, containing a filter pad, with a siphon tube.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'No filtering method is more expensive than any other.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",No filtering method is more expensive than any other.,"{ entailment } If obtaining a gravity flow filter is the cheapest of all the filtration methods, then there are more expensive methods. Therefore, it is definitely incorrect to say that No filtering method is more expensive than any other." +" Feynman diagrams are now fundamental for string theory and M-theory, and have even been extended topologically. The world-lines of the diagrams have developed to become tubes to allow better modeling of more complicated objects such as strings and membranes. Shortly before his death, Feynman criticized string theory in an interview: ""I don't like that they're not calculating anything,"" he said. ""I don't like that they don't check their ideas. I don't like that for anything that disagrees with an experiment, they cook up an explanation—a fix-up to say, 'Well, it still might be true.'"" These words have since been much-quoted by opponents of the string-theoretic direction for particle physics. The diagrams have been made from lines into what 3 dimensional shape? ",The diagrams have been made from lines into what 3 dimensional shape?, tubes +"Examine the premise: 'The Assassin of Rome (Italian: ""Girolimoni, il mostro di Roma"" ) is a 1972 Italian historical drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. The film tells, with some historical licenses, the story of Gino Girolimoni, wrongfully accused of a series of child murders that occurred in Rome between 1924 and 1928.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Gina Girolimoni sued Italy for the wrongful accusation of child murders in Rome.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Gina Girolimoni sued Italy for the wrongful accusation of child murders in Rome.,"{ contradiction } We don't know if he sued anyone or not, even though he was wrongfully acused." +" In January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected. In 1955 the EOKA organisation was founded, seeking union with Greece through armed struggle. At the same time the Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT), calling for Taksim, or partition, was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight. The British had also adopted at the time a policy of ""divide and rule"". Woodhouse, a British official in Cyprus, revealed that then British Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan ""urged the Britons in Cyprus to stir up the Turks in order to neutralise Greek agitation"". British officials also tolerated the creation of the Turkish underground organisation T.M.T. The Secretary of State for the Colonies in a letter dated 15 July 1958 had advised the Governor of Cyprus not to act against T.M.T despite its illegal actions so as not to harm British relations with the Turkish government. What is the name of the policy that the British adopted? ",What is the name of the policy that the British adopted?," ""divide and rule"" " +" Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers. Who were the other judges to leave after this season? ",Who were the other judges to leave after this season?, Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj +" Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors. On What date was Pope Paul VI born? ",On What date was Pope Paul VI born?, 26 September 1897 +"Based on the details provided in: 'The American Textile History Museum (ATHM), located in Lowell, Massachusetts, was founded as the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum (MVTM) in North Andover, Massachusetts in 1960 by Caroline Stevens Rogers. ATHM told America’s story through the art, science, and history of textiles. In June 2016, the museum closed.' , determine if the claim: 'ATHM is an art museum' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",ATHM is an art museum,{ neutral } It is an art museum too. +"Given the premise: 'Well, I think again that illustrates why the authority is vested in Congress to make these judgments rather than in courts to make these affect whether the judgments, because we're not talking about the effect on an individual author, or an individual creator. What the Framers of the Constitution were concerned about is a gross judgment with respect to what might generally provide incentives to the population --' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Decisions Congress make impact society on a broad scale' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Decisions Congress make impact society on a broad scale,"{ neutral } It does belong because the decisions of congress impacts society as a whole, however it was difficult for the computer because it referenced the statements to the contrary ""we're not talking about the effect on an individual author, or an individual creator"" giving the implication that the opposite was true but not out-rightly stating it" +" The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings. What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters? ",What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters?, 9 MetroTech Center +" Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont. What company did Seagram buy in 1999? ",What company did Seagram buy in 1999?, PolyGram +"Consider the premise in: '""Hey Gyp (Dig the Slowness)"" is a song by Donovan. He based it on ""Can I Do It For You"", a song by Memphis Minnie and Kansas Joe McCoy. The name ""Gyp"" refers to Donovan's best friend, Gyp Mills, known then as Gypsy Dave, and is one of many songs that Donovan wrote and recorded as a dedication to his close friends.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Donovan wrote and recorded many songs as a dedication to his best friend Gyp Mills.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Donovan wrote and recorded many songs as a dedication to his best friend Gyp Mills.,{ entailment } We don't know how many of Donovan's songs were for Gyp Mills. Only one was mentioned. The system thought it was correct because I used several of the same phrases that were in the text. +" Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called ""Lilibet"" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. During whose reign was Elizabeth born? ",During whose reign was Elizabeth born?, King George V +" Like much of the southeastern United States, Raleigh has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). On average, there are 69 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 2.7 days that fail to rise above freezing. April is the driest month, with an average of 2.91 inches (73.9 mm) of precipitation. Precipitation is well distributed around the year, with a slight maximum between July and September; on average, July is the wettest month, owing to generally frequent, sometimes heavy, showers and thunderstorms. Summers are hot and humid, with a daily average in July of 80.0 °F (26.7 °C). There are 48 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C). Autumn is similar to spring overall but has fewer days of rainfall. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −9 °F (−23 °C) on January 21, 1985 up to 105 °F (41 °C), most recently on July 8, 2012. How many seasons are there in Raleigh? ",How many seasons are there in Raleigh?, four +"Using the premise: 'How to purchase a gas station
Study the traffic flow. When you first get the idea to buy a gas station, you need to become familiar with the location. Drive around the neighborhood.' , decide if the conclusion: 'purchasing a convenient store is much easier when you are aware of where it stands' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",purchasing a convenient store is much easier when you are aware of where it stands,{ neutral } i confused the system by using a lot of unnecessary words. i basically reworded the paragraph in my own words. +"Using the premise: 'How to calculate your body age
Find your resting pulse rate. The heart is one of the body's most important organs, and a well conditioned and healthy heart is a big part of overall well-being. A normal heart usually beats at between 60-100 times per minute.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The best heart rate is 110.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The best heart rate is 110.,{ neutral } It says that a normal heart beats between 60 and 100 so 110 would not be the best if it is not a normal heart. +" Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the ""spring overshoot"" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as watchpoints for such birds. Examples are the Point Pelee National Park in Canada, and Spurn in England. What other location is famous for spring overshoot? ",What other location is famous for spring overshoot?, Spurn in England +" In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation? ",Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation? , Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck +"From the information in: 'Jon Moulton (born 15 October 1950) is a British venture capitalist. He is the founder and managing partner of the private equity firm Better Capital, and is the former managing partner of the private equity firm Alchemy Partners. Moulton is best known for leading Alchemy Partners' bid to buy MG Rover from BMW in 2000, which ultimately lost out to a rival offer from the Phoenix Consortium.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'MG rover was acquired by Phoenix Consortium.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",MG rover was acquired by Phoenix Consortium.,"{ neutral } The scenario states that the winning bid for MG Rover was made by Phoenix Consortium, given that Moulton lost his bid to that company." +"Analyze the premise: 'Wings over America is a triple live album by Wings, released in December 1976. The album was recorded during American leg of the band's acclaimed 1975–76 Wings Over the World tour. It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart and reached number 1 on the US ""Billboard"" Top LPs & Tape chart.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'the band wings over america released an album called wings' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the band wings over america released an album called wings,{ entailment } the band is called wings and the album is called Wings over America +"Given the premise: 'Palo Alto is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Gia Coppola, based on James Franco's short story collection ""Palo Alto"" (2010). Franco stars, along with Emma Roberts, Jack Kilmer, Nat Wolff and Zoe Levin. Jack Kilmer's father, Val Kilmer, also appears briefly in the film as Stewart, Emma Roberts' stepdad.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Palo Alto was based on a true story.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Palo Alto was based on a true story.,{ contradiction } The text does not specify if Palo Alto is based on a true story or not. +"Considering the context: 'Elizabeth ""Long Liz"" Stride (née Gustafsdotter) (27 November 1843 – 30 September 1888) is believed to be a victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer called Jack the Ripper, who killed and mutilated several women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Long Liz died in 18888' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Long Liz died in 18888,"{ entailment } It is stated that Long Liz died in 1888 but I added an extra ""8"" to my sentence so it was difficult for the system." +"From the information in: 'Slide Show
Inez took a trip to Guatemala. She took many beautiful photographs while she was there. When she got home, she had the photos made into slides. She invited friends over for a slideshow of her trip. All of Inez's friends politely declined the invitation.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Inez lived in Guatemala' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Inez lived in Guatemala,"{ entailment } She took a trip to Guatemala, but did not live there." +" Around 930 BCE, the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel. From the middle of the 8th century BCE Israel came into increasing conflict with the expanding neo-Assyrian empire. Under Tiglath-Pileser III it first split Israel's territory into several smaller units and then destroyed its capital, Samaria (722 BCE). An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture of Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II. Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah. Assyrian records say he leveled 46 walled cities and besieged Jerusalem, leaving after receiving extensive tribute. When did the kingdom split? ",When did the kingdom split?, 930 BCE +" Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms (most of the mass of the universe, however, is not in the form of chemical-element type matter, but rather is postulated to occur as yet-undetected forms of mass such as dark matter and dark energy). This element is found in great abundance in stars and gas giant planets. Molecular clouds of H2 are associated with star formation. Hydrogen plays a vital role in powering stars through the proton-proton reaction and the CNO cycle nuclear fusion. What percent of normal matter is hydrogen? ",What percent of normal matter is hydrogen?, 75% +" Small, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards. Surface mount components avoid undesirable high-frequency effects due to the leads and simplify automated assembly, although manual handling is made difficult due to their small size. What is one difficulty when using surface mount components? ",What is one difficulty when using surface mount components?, manual handling is made difficult due to their small size +"From the facts presented in 'The 2006 Big East Men's Basketball Championship was played from March 8 to March 11, 2006. The tournament took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. It was a single-elimination tournament with four rounds. Villanova and Connecticut tied for the best regular season conference record. Based on tie-breakers, Connecticut was awarded the #1 seed.
' , decide if the statement: 'They played a single elimination game with four rounds and one tie-breaker.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",They played a single elimination game with four rounds and one tie-breaker.,{ entailment } We do not know if they played a tie-breaker game. +" In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty. Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler, the Hongwu Emperor sided with the Karmapa of the nearer Kham region and southeastern Tibet, sending envoys out in the winter of 1372–1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court. What years did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor? ",What years did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor?, 1368–1398 +" The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as ""Lucky Cloud"". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. How much rainfall in inches per hour can the torch stay lit under? ",How much rainfall in inches per hour can the torch stay lit under?, 2 +" Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes). What does OFUNAM stand for? ",What does OFUNAM stand for?, Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico +" A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located? ","Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?", Canada +" There is no natural source for green food colorings which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials. Quinoline Yellow (E104) is a commonly used coloring in the United Kingdom but is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States. Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia. Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia? ","Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia?", Green S (E142) +" From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire. The civil war ravaged the Assyrian Empire between 616 BC and 605 BC, thus freeing their respective peoples from three centuries of Assyrian rule. The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the foundation of the Median Empire which, by 612 BC, controlled the whole Iran and the eastern Anatolia. This marked the end of the Kingdom of Urartu as well, which was subsequently conquered and dissolved. When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule? ",When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?, between 616 BC and 605 BC +"Examine the information in 'Jerick Deshun McKinnon (born May 3, 1992) is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Vikings in the third round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Georgia Southern.' Is the statement: 'McKinnon was born while Mercury was in retrograde.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",McKinnon was born while Mercury was in retrograde.,{ contradiction } You would not know from the text whether or not Mercury was in retrograde in May of 1992. I'm not sure why the system would judge this as definitely incorrect. +"Given the detailed context: 'Maniac (stylized as MANIAC) is an American short slasher film, directed by Shia LaBeouf. It was released on October 31, 2011. The short film stars American rappers Scott ""Kid Cudi"" Mecudi and Chris ""Cage"" Palko, as French-speaking serial killers. Mescudi and Palko also co-wrote the film with LaBeouf.', judge whether the statement: 'Shia LaBeouf directed a full length slasher film.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Shia LaBeouf directed a full length slasher film.,"{ contradiction } He may have. We only know that he directed a short slasher film, we have no idea if he directed a full length one." +" The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State. The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The Supreme Courts are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member Constitutional Court oversees the constitutionality of the laws. For how many years is the Portugal president elected? ",For how many years is the Portugal president elected?, five +"With the premise: 'A Russian Soyuz spacecraft docked with the International Space Station, after a two-day flight from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'This did not happen in a planet' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",This did not happen in a planet,"{ contradiction } The ISS is not on a planet, so this event did not happen in a planet." +" In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey. What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford? ",What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?, Eye Cross +"Considering the context: 'Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'You can't reach the sea directly from Djibouti' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",You can't reach the sea directly from Djibouti,{ neutral } Djibouti has a border by the Red Sea +" Launched worldwide across 2005–2006, the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions, including North America and Europe. The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate, indicated by the so-called ""Red Ring of Death"", necessitating an extension of the device's warranty period. Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console: the Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013. As of June 2014, 84 million Xbox 360 consoles have been sold worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-selling video game console in history, and the highest-selling console made by an American company. Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live. The Xbox 360's successor, the Xbox One, was released on November 22, 2013. Microsoft has stated they plan to support the Xbox 360 until 2016. The Xbox One is also backwards compatible with the Xbox 360. When did the Xbox One launch? ",When did the Xbox One launch?," November 22, 2013 " +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Beretta 93R is a selective-fire machine pistol, designed and manufactured by Italian firearms manufacturer Beretta in the 1970s for police and military use, that is derived from their semi-automatic Beretta 92. The ""R"" stands for ""Raffica"", which is Italian for ""volley"", ""flurry"", or ""burst"" (sometimes spoken ""R"" as """"Rapid"""" in English).' , determine if the claim: 'In the 1970s, the Beretta 93R was used in Italy, but not by civilians.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In the 1970s, the Beretta 93R was used in Italy, but not by civilians.","{ neutral } The Beretta was used by military and police, and wasn't sold to civilians. This may be difficult because the original context never explicitly mentioned civilians, but a gun developed for military and police couldn't be purchased by civilians then." +" The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions. When did the UN Security Council recommend that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN? ",When did the UN Security Council recommend that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?," August 9, 1991 " +"Examine the premise: 'Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro (April 29, 1830 – August 8, 1898) was a German-American engineer, politician and philanthropist who served as the 24th mayor of San Francisco from 1895 until 1897. Born a German Jew, he moved to Virginia City, Nevada and made a fortune at the Comstock Lode. He is today perhaps best remembered for the various San Francisco lands and landmarks that still bear his name.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The man was born in the United States.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The man was born in the United States.,{ neutral } He was born in Germany. +"Based on the details provided in: '""You'll Be Back"" is the seventh song from Act 1 of the musical ""Hamilton"", based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song. It is sung by Jonathan Groff in the show's original cast recording.' , determine if the claim: '""You'll Be Back"" is the last song from Act 1 of the musical ""Hamilton"".' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""You'll Be Back"" is the last song from Act 1 of the musical ""Hamilton"".","{ contradiction } The text specifies that the song is the seventh from Act 1 of the musical, but does not specify whether or not it is the last." +"With the given context: 'How to make a green candy buffet
Select suitable containers for the candies. There are lots of container possibilities but the most important factor is ensuring that the containers will show off the green candies inside. As such, clear glass or plastic containers are an optimal choice, along with containers that lift up the candies and show them to their best advantage.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The candies are colorful.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The candies are colorful.,{ neutral } The candies are green - not any other color. +" In his sophomore year, Kerry became the Chairman of the Liberal Party of the Yale Political Union, and a year later he served as President of the Union. Amongst his influential teachers in this period was Professor H. Bradford Westerfield, who was himself a former President of the Political Union. His involvement with the Political Union gave him an opportunity to be involved with important issues of the day, such as the civil rights movement and the New Frontier program. He also became a member of the secretive Skull and Bones Society, and traveled to Switzerland through AIESEC Yale. What secret society did Kerry join? ",What secret society did Kerry join?, Skull and Bones Society +"Given the detailed context: 'Henry James Lloyd (2 February 1794 at Marylebone, London – 3 September 1853 at Brighton, Sussex) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1815 to 1830. Mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), he made 34 known appearances in first-class matches. He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.', judge whether the statement: 'Henry James Lloyd never played a cricket match outside of his birth country.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Henry James Lloyd never played a cricket match outside of his birth country.,{ contradiction } There is nothing in the context to indicate whether Henry James Lloyd ever did or did not play any matches outside of his birth country. Perhaps referring to the birth country threw off the system. +" From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were also temporary military alliances (e.g. the 943 Byzantine campaign by Igor). In 968, the Pechenegs attacked and besieged the city of Kiev. Some speculation exists that the Pechenegs drove off the Tivertsi and the Ulichs to the regions of the upper Dniester river in Bukovina. The Byzantine Empire was known to support the Pechenegs in their military campaigns against the Eastern Slavic states.[citation needed] How early did the relationship begin between the Pecheneg and the Rus? ",How early did the relationship begin between the Pecheneg and the Rus?, 9th century +"From the information in: 'James Duncan Scurlock (born September 15, 1971) is an American director, producer, writer and financial adviser. He is probably best known for his critically acclaimed documentary ""Maxed Out: Hard Times, Easy Credit and the Era of Predatory Lenders"" and his award-winning book, ""Maxed Out: Hard Times in the Age of Easy Credit"". His most recent book, """", is a biography of Larry Hillblom.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'James Duncan Scurlock was born on an even day' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",James Duncan Scurlock was born on an even day,{ entailment } was born on 15 +" Agricultural production on the island is difficult given the dry and rocky terrain, but the early settlers managed to produce vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing. Sweet potato is also grown in patches. The islanders developed commerce through the port of Gustavia. Duty-free port attractions, retail trade, high-end tourism (mostly from North America) and its luxury hotels and villas have increased the island's prosperity, reflected in the high standard of living of its citizens. What type of activity did early settlers use to get food that didn't involve farming? ",What type of activity did early settlers use to get food that didn't involve farming?, fishing +"Analyze the premise: 'How to use adjustable objective rifle scopes
Be sure that your scope is mounted properly. Sighting-in can have been done preliminarily, but additional sighting-in will be desirable after following these steps : Know your rifle. There are actually two optical systems in a rifle scope.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Adjustable rifle scopes need sighting in multiple times.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Adjustable rifle scopes need sighting in multiple times.,{ entailment } The snippet only refers to two sightings in. +" Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere and are not found on the façades of any English Cathedrals. The gable is usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture or, in the case of Italy, may be decorated with the rest of the façade, with polychrome marble and mosaic, as at Orvieto Cathedral. Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals? ",Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?, any English Cathedrals +" In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and included the state's first nursing school. The Baptist Women's College, now known as Meredith College, opened in 1891, and in 1898, The Academy of Music, a private music conservatory, was established. What year did the News and the Observer merge? ",What year did the News and the Observer merge?, 1880 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range. Firs are most closely related to the genus ""Cedrus"" (cedar). Douglas firs are not true firs, being of the genus ""Pseudotsuga"".' , determine if the claim: 'Firs (Abies) cannot be found in Australia.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Firs (Abies) cannot be found in Australia.,"{ neutral } It was stated that Firs (Abies) can be found in North and Central America, Europe, Asia and North Africa, therefore it is definitely correct that Firs (Abies) cannot be found in Australia. I thought that mentioning another continent (Australia) could confuse the system and make it think that my statement is incorrect." +" On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005. What did Ray Holmes believe the German pilot was targeting? ",What did Ray Holmes believe the German pilot was targeting?, the Palace +" In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich). His other films include Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the Indiana Jones film series, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence. How long has Steven Spielberg had his career so far? ",How long has Steven Spielberg had his career so far?, more than four decades +"Based on the details provided in: 'Noel Gevor (born 18 September 1990) is professional boxer in the cruiserweight division. He is German of Armenian birth. Gevor is a former WBO Youth champion and current WBO International Cruiserweight champion. He is the step-son of former European Middleweight champion Khoren Gevor, who is also his trainer.' , determine if the claim: 'Noel Gevor is a professional boxer that incorporates karate into his fighting style' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Noel Gevor is a professional boxer that incorporates karate into his fighting style,{ contradiction } We do not know how Noel Gevor fights +"Examine the information in 'How to identify poison oak
Learn about poison oak. Poison oak is similar to its close relatives poison ivy and poison sumac because they are all members of the same botanical family. The most common type of poison oak, known as western poison oak, grows most commonly along the pacific coast in oregon, washington, and california.' Is the statement: 'Western poison oak grows in places other than along the pacific coast in oregon, washington, and california.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Western poison oak grows in places other than along the pacific coast in oregon, washington, and california.","{ neutral } The text says western poison oak, grows MOST COMMONLY along the pacific coast in oregon, washington, and california -the implication is that it does not grow exclusively there. The absolute statement fooled the model." +" Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master. When did Imported Chinese labor arrive? ",When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?, 1810 +"Examine the information in 'A Man Apart is a 2003 American vigilante action film directed by F. Gary Gray and released by New Line Cinema. The film stars Vin Diesel and Larenz Tate. The story follows undercover DEA agent Sean Vetter who is on a vendetta to take down a mysterious drug lord named Diablo after his wife is murdered. The film was released in the United States on April 4, 2003.' Is the statement: 'A Man Apart is a 2003 American vigilante action film directed by Vin Diesel.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A Man Apart is a 2003 American vigilante action film directed by Vin Diesel.,"{ entailment } Vin Diezel acted, not directed. " +"Examine the information in 'Your Committee, to which was referred Bill C-35, An Act to amend the Special Import Measures Act and the Canadian International Trade Tribunal Act, has examined the said Bill in obedience to its Order of Reference dates, Wednesday, February 17, 1999, and now reports the same without amendment.' Is the statement: 'The Committee was in session last Thursday.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Committee was in session last Thursday.,{ contradiction } Last Thursday could be the day they were in session or not. +" The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus. This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand. The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly. The Last Gospel of The Mass, The Eucharist, St John[1:1–14], together with the prayer; ""Placeat tibi"", the Blessing, are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service. The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570). It became a firm custom with exceptions in using an other Gospel in use from 1920. So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days. A Prayer Card for the St John's Gospel. Also: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed? ",What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed?, the Divinity of Jesus +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Pokrovsky Gate (Russian: Покровские ворота , ""Pokrovskiye Vorota "" ) is a 1982 Soviet comedy film produced for television by Mosfilm. It was directed by Mikhail Kozakov and stars Oleg Menshikov, Leonid Bronevoy, and Inna Ulyanova. The screenplay is based on a 1974 stage play by Leonid Zorin.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Pokrovsky Gate was made about 10 years ago' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Pokrovsky Gate was made about 10 years ago,"{ neutral } The Pokrovsky Gate was a 1982 film, which was more than 30 years ago" +"Analyze the premise: 'Me Before You is a 2016 romantic drama film directed by Thea Sharrock in her directorial debut and adapted by English author Jojo Moyes from her 2012 novel of the same name. The film stars Emilia Clarke, Sam Claflin, Steve Peacocke, Jenna Coleman, Charles Dance, Matthew Lewis, Janet McTeer, Vanessa Kirby and Joanna Lumley.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Me Before You was the first film directed by Thea Sharrock.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Me Before You was the first film directed by Thea Sharrock.,"{ neutral } IT said the film was her debut, meaning it was her first film." +"From the facts presented in 'Vasili Vyacheslavovich Blagov (Russian: Василий Вячеславович Благов ; born October 29, 1954 in Moscow) is a Russian pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union. With partner Irina Cherniaeva, he represented the Soviet Union at the 1972 Winter Olympics where they placed 6th.' , decide if the statement: 'He was born in moscow at 5pm' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",He was born in moscow at 5pm,{ contradiction } It does not say what time he was born. +" Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1960s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined. Initial theoretical predictions of the number of human genes were as high as 2,000,000. Early experimental measures indicated there to be 50,000–100,000 transcribed genes (expressed sequence tags). Subsequently, the sequencing in the Human Genome Project indicated that many of these transcripts were alternative variants of the same genes, and the total number of protein-coding genes was revised down to ~20,000 with 13 genes encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs. What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were? ",What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were?, alternative variants +"Based on the details provided in: 'A Suitable Boy is a novel by Vikram Seth, published in 1993. At 1,349 pages (1,488 pages softcover) and 591,552 words, the book is one of the longest novels ever published in a single volume in the English language. A sequel, to be called ""A Suitable Girl"", is due for publication in 2017.' , determine if the claim: 'A Suitable Girl has more pages than A Suitable Boy.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",A Suitable Girl has more pages than A Suitable Boy.,{ contradiction } It's neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we don't know how many pages A Suitable Girl has. It's difficult for the system because many of the words in the statement are also in the text so I guess it assumes the answer must lie somewhere in the text. +" Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized. RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance has also been observed in plants and very rarely in animals. In what form do some viruses store their entire genome? ",In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?, in the form of RNA +" Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, as in research for companies to produce insecticides, but increasingly rely on methods of biological pest control, or biocontrol. Biocontrol uses one organism to reduce the population density of another organism — the pest — and is considered a key element of integrated pest management. What kind of insect can damage architectural structures? ",What kind of insect can damage architectural structures?, termites +"Considering the context: 'Then he set about his own preparations , and , followed by a large train of scholars , he at length started for Rome , from which he had been absent twelve years .
His mother welcomed him back with tears in her eyes , and his poor kinsmen pressed round him , but the rich ones kept away , for they feared that they would no longer be able to rob their kinsman as they had done for many years past .' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Some really smart people had this guy's back.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Some really smart people had this guy's back.,"{ neutral } He was followed by a large train of scholars, thus it is correct." +" The Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son of Zaifeng, Prince Chun, and nephew to the childless Guangxu Emperor, was appointed successor at the age of two, leaving Zaifeng with the regency. This was followed by the dismissal of General Yuan Shikai from his former positions of power. In April 1911 Zaifeng created a cabinet in which there were two vice-premiers. Nonetheless, this cabinet was also known by contemporaries as ""The Royal Cabinet"" because among the thirteen cabinet members, five were members of the imperial family or Aisin Gioro relatives. This brought a wide range of negative opinions from senior officials like Zhang Zhidong. The Wuchang Uprising of October 10, 1911, led to the creation of a new central government, the Republic of China, in Nanjing with Sun Yat-sen as its provisional head. Many provinces soon began ""separating"" from Qing control. Seeing a desperate situation unfold, the Qing government brought Yuan Shikai back to military power. He took control of his Beiyang Army to crush the revolution in Wuhan at the Battle of Yangxia. After taking the position of Prime Minister and creating his own cabinet, Yuan Shikai went as far as to ask for the removal of Zaifeng from the regency. This removal later proceeded with directions from Empress Dowager Longyu. What year did Cixi die? ",What year did Cixi die?, 1908 +" Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination. The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the U.S. prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths. How much did the occurrence of serious diseases shortly after the release of the measles vaccine? ",How much did the occurrence of serious diseases shortly after the release of the measles vaccine?, >95% +"With the given context: 'Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester, England. Founded in 1880 as St. Mark's (West Gorton), they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894. The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Manchester City Football Club played at Maine Road for 80 years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Manchester City Football Club played at Maine Road for 80 years.,"{ neutral } The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923." +" In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic ""(male friend"") vs. amiga (""female friend""). What kind of final devoicing does the language have? ",What kind of final devoicing does the language have?, obstruent +" During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century. When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop? ",When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?, during the high medieval era +" Temporal measurement, chronometry, takes two distinct period forms: the calendar, a mathematical tool for organizing intervals of time, and the clock, a physical mechanism that counts the passage of time. In day-to-day life, the clock is consulted for periods less than a day whereas the calendar is consulted for periods longer than a day. Increasingly, personal electronic devices display both calendars and clocks simultaneously. The number (as on a clock dial or calendar) that marks the occurrence of a specified event as to hour or date is obtained by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point. Which tool is used in periods longer than a day? ",Which tool is used in periods longer than a day?, the calendar +" Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million. What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry? ",What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?, United Grand Lodge of England +"From the information in: 'National Security is a 2003 action comedy film, directed by Dennis Dugan, starring Martin Lawrence and Steve Zahn. In addition to Lawrence and Zahn, ""National Security"" boasts an additional cast of Bill Duke, Eric Roberts, Colm Feore, Matt McCoy, and others.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'National Security was not directed by Duke and was not released in the 20th century.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",National Security was not directed by Duke and was not released in the 20th century.,"{ contradiction } National Security was directed by Dugan (not Duke) and it was released in 2003, therefore the statement that it was not directed by Duke and it was not released in the 20th century is definitely correct. I was hoping that the system would get confused by the negative sentence." +"With the given context: 'It's one of the reasons I'm a strong believer in what they call health savings accounts. These are accounts that allow somebody to buy a low-premium, high-deductible catastrophic plan and couple it with tax-free savings. Businesses can contribute, employees can contribute on a contractual basis. But this is a way to make sure people are actually involved with the decision-making process on health care.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'the person wants to save people money' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",the person wants to save people money,{ neutral } he is speaking about cost savings related to healthcare +"Considering the context: 'William George ""Billy"" Zane, Jr. (born February 24, 1966) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for playing Hughie in the thriller ""Dead Calm"" (1989), Kit Walker / The Phantom in the superhero film ""The Phantom"" (1996), Caledon Hockley in the epic romantic disaster film ""Titanic"" (1997), and for his television role as John Wheeler in the serial drama series ""Twin Peaks"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Zane was a thespian.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Zane was a thespian.,{ neutral } Thespian means actor. +" Newly electrified lines often show a ""sparks effect"", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification). Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades. What can be seen in the newly electrified lines? ",What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?," ""sparks effect"" " +"From the facts presented in 'Francesco Pacelli (February 1, 1872 – April 22, 1935) was an Italian lawyer and the elder brother of Eugenio Pacelli, who would later become Pope Pius XII. He acted as a legal advisor to Pope Pius XI; in this capacity, he assisted Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri in the negotiation of the Lateran Treaty, which established the independence of Vatican City.' , decide if the statement: 'Francesco Pacelli was not from a country that is often thought to be shaped like a boot' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Francesco Pacelli was not from a country that is often thought to be shaped like a boot,{ entailment } system seems not to understand that italy is commonly thought to be shaped like a boot +" In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these restrictions, many mixed tag matches do feature some physical interaction between participants of different genders. For example, a heel may take a cheap shot at the female wrestler of the opposing team to draw a negative crowd reaction. In lucha libre, cheap-shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon. What happened when a tag was made? ",What happened when a tag was made? , the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well +"Examine the information in 'Cloverdale Depot is a bus station and future intermodal station in Cloverdale, California. It is served by Amtrak Thruway and Sonoma County Transit buses. Additional service to Sonoma County Airport station is provided by Sonoma County Transit under contract by Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit.' Is the statement: 'Cloverdale Depot is related to Home Depot' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Cloverdale Depot is related to Home Depot,"{ neutral } No, Cloverdale Depot is a bus station and Home Depot is a home improvement store" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Night Taxi (Italian: Taxi di notte) is a 1950 French-Italian comedy film about a taxicab driver, directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Beniamino Gigli, Danielle Godet and Philippe Lemaire. After finding a baby left abandoned in his cab, a singing taxi driver tries to find its mother.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Evening Car is not an accurate english translation for Taxi di notte.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Evening Car is not an accurate english translation for Taxi di notte.,"{ neutral } Night Taxi (Italian: Taxi di notte) is the proper translation, the system must not have known the translation was given." +"From the information in: 'It was sent out with no name on it, but it is under the heading ""Standing Committee on Privileges, Standing Rules and Orders,"" which is scheduled to meet today, November 23, at 4:30 p.m. The agenda has five items on it, four of which have nothing to do with a question of privilege.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Standing Committee on Privileges, Standing Rules and Orders does not have anything to do with the letter.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Standing Committee on Privileges, Standing Rules and Orders does not have anything to do with the letter.","{ entailment } Standing Committee on Privileges, Standing Rules and Orders was the only thing written on the letter or envelope so the answer is incorrect." +" The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers. Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii. In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii? ",In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii?, 477 BC +" The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the Committee, Franklin made several small changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson. Where did the American Revolution start? ",Where did the American Revolution start?, Lexington and Concord +" The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy. What did the political system eventually evolve into? ",What did the political system eventually evolve into?, oligarchy +"Analyze the premise: 'Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater is a 1979 musical that marked the first collaboration of composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman. Based on Kurt Vonnegut's 1965 novel of the same name, the musical tells the story of Eliot Rosewater, a millionaire who develops a social conscience and creates a foundation to improve the lives of the citizens of an impoverished Indiana town.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater is a 1978 musical that marked the first collaboration of composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman. ' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater is a 1978 musical that marked the first collaboration of composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman. ",{ entailment } I changed the year to 1978 making the statement incorrect. +"Given the context: 'The Maloof family is a prominent American family based in Las Vegas, Nevada, who are owners of numerous business properties in the Western United States. The origin of the family name is Maalouf and is of Lebanese descent via their paternal grandfather.' , classify the statement: 'The surname of the Maloof family is one that has remained unchanged for as long as the family has existed.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The surname of the Maloof family is one that has remained unchanged for as long as the family has existed.,{ neutral } The is incorrect in a very straightforward way. The original statement tells you what the name started as and how it has changed. I suspect the system doesn't get how family names work. +" Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. The history of copper metallurgy is thought to have followed the following sequence: 1) cold working of native copper, 2) annealing, 3) smelting, and 4) the lost wax method. In southeastern Anatolia, all four of these metallurgical techniques appears more or less simultaneously at the beginning of the Neolithic c. 7500 BC. However, just as agriculture was independently invented in several parts of the world, copper smelting was invented locally in several different places. It was probably discovered independently in China before 2800 BC, in Central America perhaps around 600 AD, and in West Africa about the 9th or 10th century AD. Investment casting was invented in 4500–4000 BC in Southeast Asia and carbon dating has established mining at Alderley Edge in Cheshire, UK at 2280 to 1890 BC. Ötzi the Iceman, a male dated from 3300–3200 BC, was found with an axe with a copper head 99.7% pure; high levels of arsenic in his hair suggest his involvement in copper smelting. Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting led to the discovery of iron smelting. Production in the Old Copper Complex in Michigan and Wisconsin is dated between 6000 and 3000 BC. Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed] When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public? ",When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public?, 5500 BC +" The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs. At a higher level yet is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue located at the posterior edge of the frontal lobe. The primary motor cortex sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord, through the pyramidal tract. This direct corticospinal projection allows for precise voluntary control of the fine details of movements. Other motor-related brain areas exert secondary effects by projecting to the primary motor areas. Among the most important secondary areas are the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what? ",The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?, pyramidal tract. +"Examine the information in 'Binge
Ron hadn't lived near a big store for a long time. The first thing he did was buy a lot of ice cream. He binged out and ate it all in one sitting. Ron felt very sick for days after that. He swore to have more self-discipline no matter how close a store was.' Is the statement: 'The ice cream made Ron sick to his stomach.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The ice cream made Ron sick to his stomach.,"{ entailment } The text says that the ice cream made Ron sick, not particularly to his stomach. The system probably made the most natural assumption about his illness." +" In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregators of various kinds, such as news aggregators, universities, libraries and archives, web search engines, chat rooms, web blogs, mailing lists, and any website which provides access to third party content through, for example, hyperlinks, a crucial element of the World Wide Web. News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what? ","News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what?", aggregators +"Based on the details provided in: 'Preliminary tests identified the source of the outbreak as the highly contagious norovirus, which had struck several guests just before they boarded the cruise Nov. 3 in Rome, Carnival officials said.' , determine if the claim: 'People were sick on the ship.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",People were sick on the ship.,{ neutral } The virus broke out on the ship. +"Given the context: 'Kinky is the self-titled album by Mexican group Kinky. It was released on March 26, 2002 on Nettwerk. The most popular song, Cornman, is part of the soundtrack for the PlayStation 3 video game LittleBigPlanet. Another of their songs, ""Más"", is featured in the PS2 video game SSX 3 and in the 2004 film Man on Fire.' , classify the statement: 'Kinky had a song in the sequel to LittleBigPlanet.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Kinky had a song in the sequel to LittleBigPlanet.,"{ entailment } The context only says that Kinky had a song in LittleBigPlanet, but makes no mention of whether one of their songs were in the sequel. I think this was difficult for the system because it mentioned the same game. " +" When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system. Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda? ",Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda?, Molotov +"Given the context: 'Polarbröd is a Swedish bread company. Their head office is in Älvsbyn in northern Sweden. Polarbröd is Sweden's third-largest bread company. Its typical product is a soft compact bread formed into round, flat shapes. It is also noted for ready-made sandwiches produced from such bread and reindeer meat, which was introduced as a product in the 1960s under the name ""renklämma"".' , classify the statement: 'Another name for this is Clamp.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Another name for this is Clamp.,{ contradiction } I read it on another site. +"Considering the context: 'The Chattenden and Upnor Railway (later known as the Lodge Hill and Upnor Railway) was a narrow gauge railway serving the military barracks and depot at Upnor and associated munitions and training depots. It was built in 1873 as a gauge railway, converted to narrow gauge around 1885, and continued in use until 1961.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Chattenden and Upnor Railway was built more than 5000 days ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Chattenden and Upnor Railway was built more than 5000 days ago.,{ contradiction } It was built over 100 years ago and 5000 days is not even 20 years. It's difficult because I used 5000 days as the measurement. +"Considering the context: 'High Dive
Jen climbed the ladder to the top of the platform. Once at the top, she peered cautiously over the edge. The height seemed much greater than it had from the ground. She considered climbing back down. Instead, she got up her courage and jumped into the water below.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Jen was nervous about the jump.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Jen was nervous about the jump.,{ neutral } She had to get up the courage to do it. +" The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points According to the Diurnal Cycle, the Day of the Month and the Season of the Year. What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans? ",What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans?, medical +" Many adaptations of the instrument have been done to cater to the special needs of Indian Carnatic music. In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B. As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used. Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style. This tuning corresponds to the way violins are tuned for carnatic classical music. This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture. Many adaptations of the instruments were done to cater to what type of music? ",Many adaptations of the instruments were done to cater to what type of music? , Indian Carnatic +"Consider the premise in: '""Birds of a Feather"" is a 1998 song by the American band Phish. It is the second track from their 1998 album ""The Story of the Ghost"" and was released as their twelfth promotional single by Elektra Records. The song is a funk rock song written by the entire band and lyricist Tom Marshall.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: '""Birds of a Feather"" is a good example of a funk rock song. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","""Birds of a Feather"" is a good example of a funk rock song. ",{ neutral } It says the song is a funk rock song. +" Despite efforts to revive Hebrew as the national language of the Jewish people, knowledge of the language is not commonly possessed by Jews worldwide and English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora. Although many Jews once had sufficient knowledge of Hebrew to study the classic literature, and Jewish languages like Yiddish and Ladino were commonly used as recently as the early 20th century, most Jews lack such knowledge today and English has by and large superseded most Jewish vernaculars. The three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today are Hebrew, English, and Russian. Some Romance languages, particularly French and Spanish, are also widely used. Yiddish has been spoken by more Jews in history than any other language, but it is far less used today following the Holocaust and the adoption of Modern Hebrew by the Zionist movement and the State of Israel. In some places, the mother language of the Jewish community differs from that of the general population or the dominant group. For example, in Quebec, the Ashkenazic majority has adopted English, while the Sephardic minority uses French as its primary language. Similarly, South African Jews adopted English rather than Afrikaans. Due to both Czarist and Soviet policies, Russian has superseded Yiddish as the language of Russian Jews, but these policies have also affected neighboring communities. Today, Russian is the first language for many Jewish communities in a number of Post-Soviet states, such as Ukraine and Uzbekistan, as well as for Ashkenazic Jews in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Tajikistan. Although communities in North Africa today are small and dwindling, Jews there had shifted from a multilingual group to a monolingual one (or nearly so), speaking French in Algeria, Morocco, and the city of Tunis, while most North Africans continue to use Arabic as their mother tongue.[citation needed] North Africans continue to use what language as their mother tongue? ",North Africans continue to use what language as their mother tongue?, North Africans +" This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissolved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths. This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language. Henceforth Sumerian would remain only a literary and liturgical language, similar to the position occupied by Latin in medieval Europe. What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase? ",What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?, wheat +" The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world. What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami? ",What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?, one-thirteenth +" Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army. Amer and Salah Salem proposed requesting a ceasefire, with Salem further recommending that Nasser surrender himself to British forces. Nasser berated Amer and Salem, and vowed, ""Nobody is going to surrender."" Nasser assumed military command. Despite the relative ease in which Sinai was occupied, Nasser's prestige at home and among Arabs was undamaged. To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents. How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting? ",How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?," 2,000 " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Eleftheria Arvanitaki (Greek: Ελευθερία Αρβανιτάκη) (born October 17, 1957 in Piraeus) is a Greek folk singer. She originates from the island of Icaria. Arvanitaki has worked with important musicians, such as Cesária Évora, Arto Tunçboyacıyan, Ara Dinkjian. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked her the sixth top-certified female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960).' . Does the hypothesis: 'There were six female artists that ranked higher than Eleftheria Arvanitaki on Alpha TV's top-certified female artist list.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",There were six female artists that ranked higher than Eleftheria Arvanitaki on Alpha TV's top-certified female artist list.,{ entailment } My statement is definitely incorrect because there were only 5 artists above Eleftheria Arvanitaki on the list. The system was probably fooled because I used words present in the paragraph. +" In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be ""cantam"" in all fields. Another feature of the Balearic standard is the non-ending in the 1st person singular present indicative: jo compr ('I buy'), jo tem ('I fear'), jo dorm ('I sleep'). Where is IEC's standard used? ",Where is IEC's standard used?, the Balearic Islands +" By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, ""[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful."" Alexander, on the other hand, was ""very plain"". Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert? ",Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?, William IV +" The growth of the Internet, and particularly distributed search engines like Kazaa and Gnutella, have represented a challenge for copyright policy. The Recording Industry Association of America, in particular, has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement, which the industry calls ""piracy"". The industry has had victories against some services, including a highly publicized case against the file-sharing company Napster, and some people have been prosecuted for sharing files in violation of copyright. The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works. Laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act have been enacted, that use criminal law to prevent any circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights management systems. Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive. Other examples are Article 7 of the Software Directive of 1991 (91/250/EEC), and the Conditional Access Directive of 1998 (98/84/EEC). This can hinder legal uses, affecting public domain works, limitations and exceptions to copyright, or uses allowed by the copyright holder. Some copyleft licenses, like GNU GPL 3, are designed to counter that. Laws may permit circumvention under specific conditions like when it is necessary to achieve interoperability with the circumventor's program, or for accessibility reasons; however, distribution of circumvention tools or instructions may be illegal. What type of company was Napster? ",What type of company was Napster?, file-sharing +"Analyze the premise: 'Farmers are going to find out how the decision was made to make a public announcement that our grain was not selling in Japan and why this government was unable to settle the labour negotiations to keep our grain moving; and not only settle negotiations, but in fact have legislation in place to facilitate grain movement.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Japan is not buying a lot of grain.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Japan is not buying a lot of grain.,{ neutral } The agent said that an announcement was made stating that our grain was not selling in Japan. I think the change is vocabulary tricked the system. +"Given the detailed context: 'How to get siri to say your name
Set your personal contact information. Siri will call you whatever you have listed as your name in your personal contact. You may not have this information set, but you can add it using the settings app.', judge whether the statement: 'siri cannot be tricked' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",siri cannot be tricked,{ contradiction } siri's flaws are not mentioned +" Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year. How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it? ",How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?, over a year +" Two contrasting viewpoints on time divide many prominent philosophers. One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe—a dimension independent of events, in which events occur in sequence. Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time. The opposing view is that time does not refer to any kind of ""container"" that events and objects ""move through"", nor to any entity that ""flows"", but that it is instead part of a fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which humans sequence and compare events. This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant, holds that time is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself measurable nor can it be travelled. The realist view of time is sometimes referred to as what? ",The realist view of time is sometimes referred to as what?, Newtonian time +" Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads. What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002? ",What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002?, Pepsi +"Given the premise: 'Maastricht (] ; Limburgish : ""Mestreech"" ; French: ""Maestricht"" ; Spanish: ""Mastrique"" ) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the capital and largest city of the province of Limburg, as well as the largest city in the historical duchy of Limburg, that today spans the Netherlands and Belgium.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Maastricht is larger than Mestreech' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Maastricht is larger than Mestreech,{ entailment } They are the same city +" The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law. What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law? ",What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law?, the Treaty of Waitangi +" Built around 1915, the Alaska Railroad (ARR) played a key role in the development of Alaska through the 20th century. It links north Pacific shipping through providing critical infrastructure with tracks that run from Seward to Interior Alaska by way of South Central Alaska, passing through Anchorage, Eklutna, Wasilla, Talkeetna, Denali, and Fairbanks, with spurs to Whittier, Palmer and North Pole. The cities, towns, villages, and region served by ARR tracks are known statewide as ""The Railbelt"". In recent years, the ever-improving paved highway system began to eclipse the railroad's importance in Alaska's economy. Which development in 1915 played a key role in developing Alaska? ",Which development in 1915 played a key role in developing Alaska?, Alaska Railroad (ARR) +" The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967. When did the Swaziland constitution come to be? ",When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?, November 1963 +" ""Race"" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept ""race"" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional ancestry. He argues that while forensic anthropologists can determine that a skeletal remain comes from a person with ancestors in a specific region of Africa, categorizing that skeletal as being ""black"" is a socially constructed category that is only meaningful in the particular context of the United States, and which is not itself scientifically valid. What does Brace feel the term ""black"" in meaningful in? ","What does Brace feel the term ""black"" in meaningful in?", particular context +" From the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission, but those provisions are widely ignored. In 2012 there was an accident near city of Nalchik where a car killed several pupils cleaning up a highway shoulder during their ""holiday work"" as well as their teacher who was supervising them. Did they need parental consent? ",Did they need parental consent?, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission +" This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall. Who killed Yuan Chonghuan? ",Who killed Yuan Chonghuan?, Chongzhen Emperor +"Reflect on the information in: 'WNOS (1450 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a talk radio format. Licensed to New Bern, North Carolina, USA, it serves the New Bern area. The station is currently owned by CTC Media Group. In addition to sports talk from NBC Sports Radio, it also carries Westwood One's Dennis Miller show, the self-syndicated Laura Ingraham show and Salem Media's Michael Medved and Dennis Prager.' . Does the hypothesis: 'WNOS is a talk show.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",WNOS is a talk show.,{ entailment } It's a radio talk show. +"Given the detailed context: 'Decade of Hits is the first greatest hits album by Canadian country music artist George Canyon. It was released on September 9, 2014 by Big Star Recordings. The album features fifteen of Canyon's biggest singles. It also includes two new songs, ""Slow Dance"" and ""Crazy Love"", both of which were released as singles. ""Decade of Hits"" was also released on vinyl.', judge whether the statement: 'Decade of Hits includes all of Canyon's greatest hits.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Decade of Hits includes all of Canyon's greatest hits.,"{ entailment } It features his greatest hits, whether or not it is his best ones is completely opinion. " +" In 1991, US President George H. W. Bush awarded Hayek the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States, for a ""lifetime of looking beyond the horizon"". Hayek died on 23 March 1992 in Freiburg, Germany, and was buried on 4 April in the Neustift am Walde cemetery in the northern outskirts of Vienna according to the Catholic rite. In 2011, his article The Use of Knowledge in Society was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years. Where was The Use of Knowledge in Society published? ",Where was The Use of Knowledge in Society published?, American Economic Review +" With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby town of Roncourt and with the survivors of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a fresh attack against the ruins of St. Privat. At 20:00, the arrival of the Prussian 4th Infantry Division of the II Corps and with the Prussian right flank on Mance Ravine, the line stabilised. By then, the Prussians of the 1st Guards Infantry Division and the XII and II Corps captured St. Privat forcing the decimated French forces to withdraw. With the Prussians exhausted from the fighting, the French were now able to mount a counter-attack. General Bourbaki, however, refused to commit the reserves of the French Old Guard to the battle because, by that time, he considered the overall situation a 'defeat'. By 22:00, firing largely died down across the battlefield for the night. The next morning, the French Army of the Rhine, rather than resume the battle with an attack of its own against the battle-weary German armies, retreated to Metz where they were besieged and forced to surrender two months later. As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town? ","As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?", Roncourt +" The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, in the Greek province of Macedonia. All three stages of the stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic) are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries, as Greece lies on the route via which farming spread from the Near East to Europe. Greece has evidence of Stone Age people during what time period? ",Greece has evidence of Stone Age people during what time period?, 7th millennium BC +"With the premise: 'Rafael Dumas (born 13 March 1995) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Paysandu, on loan from Brazilian Série A club Flamengo. He previously had a six-month loan spell at FC Goa in the Indian Super League in 2016 and at Global.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Rafael Dumas has played on at least 3 football teams' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Rafael Dumas has played on at least 3 football teams,{ neutral } It doesn't associate the teams with him playing on them. It may not understand the at least qualifier +" In higher organisms (like people), these two modes of perception combine into what Whitehead terms ""symbolic reference"", which links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it. By way of illustration, Whitehead uses the example of a person's encounter with a chair. An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair. However, an artist, Whitehead supposes, ""might not have jumped to the notion of a chair"", but instead ""might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape."" This is not the normal human reaction; most people place objects in categories by habit and instinct, without even thinking about it. Moreover, animals do the same thing. Using the same example, Whitehead points out that a dog ""would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."" In this way symbolic reference is a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, and that it is in fact the causal relationships that dominate the more basic mentality (as the dog illustrates), while it is the sense perceptions which indicate a higher grade mentality (as the artist illustrates). How does Whitehead say a dog may interpret the presence of a chair? ",How does Whitehead say a dog may interpret the presence of a chair?," ""would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."" " +" Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, sewers, and parks, including the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes. In 1860, Napoleon III also annexed the surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits. In what year did Napoleon III create new arrondissements? ",In what year did Napoleon III create new arrondissements?, 1860 +" Estonia (i/ɛˈstoʊniə/; Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsti]), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands and islets in the Baltic Sea, covering 45,339 km2 (17,505 sq mi) of land, and is influenced by a humid continental climate. What body of water borders Estonia on the west? ",What body of water borders Estonia on the west?, the Baltic Sea +" In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin. In short, greenstone belts represent sutured protocontinents. From where did high grade Archean rocks originate? ",From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?, volcanic island arcs +" Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the ""Neolithic Revolution"". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals. What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age? ",What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age?, the Neolithic +" In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world countries, however, entomophagy (the eating of insects), is taboo. Since it is impossible to entirely eliminate pest insects from the human food chain, insects are inadvertently present in many foods, especially grains. Food safety laws in many countries do not prohibit insect parts in food, but rather limit their quantity. According to cultural materialist anthropologist Marvin Harris, the eating of insects is taboo in cultures that have other protein sources such as fish or livestock. Where is eating insects considered taboo? ",Where is eating insects considered taboo?, first-world countries +"Examine the premise: 'After wresting the three Hindi heartlands from the BJP- the grand old party mobilised the voice of the opposition with a show of strength. The bus, which took the opposition leaders to the oath-taking ceremony of Ashok Gehlot in Rajasthan, was riddled with the optimism of a Mahaghatbandhan, but not without the rather strained efforts to bring everyone on board. (Twitter)' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the opposition leaders killed people' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the opposition leaders killed people,{ contradiction } There is no way to tell whether or not the opposition leaders killed people +" The Permian–Triassic extinction event, which was a prolonged event due to the accumulation of several extinction pulses, ended the dominance of the carnivores among the therapsids. In the early Triassic, all the medium to large land carnivore niches were taken over by archosaurs which, over an extended period of time (35 million years), came to include the crocodylomorphs, the pterosaurs, and the dinosaurs. By the Jurassic, the dinosaurs had come to dominate the large terrestrial herbivore niches as well. During the Jurassic period which group came out as the most dominate for both carnivores and herbivores? ",During the Jurassic period which group came out as the most dominate for both carnivores and herbivores?, dinosaurs +" The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the ""Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit"" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed ""Second Right Brother,"" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. When were these 30 sworn in? ",When were these 30 sworn in?, August 2007 +" Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň Region has soft water well-suited to making Pilsner (pale lager), such as Pilsner Urquell. The waters of Burton in England contain gypsum, which benefits making pale ale to such a degree that brewers of pale ales will add gypsum to the local water in a process known as Burtonisation. What type of beer benefits most from water that contains gypsum? ",What type of beer benefits most from water that contains gypsum?, pale ale +" The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents. How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area? ",How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?, 13 +"With the given context: 'But they see a compassionate, strong, great first lady in Laura Bush. I can't tell you how lucky I am. When I met her in the backyard at Joe and Jan O'Neill's in Midland, Texas, it was the classic backyard barbecue. O'Neill said, ""Come on over. I think you'll find somebody who might interest you. ""So I said all right. Bopped over there. There was only four of us there. And not only did she interest me, I guess you would say it was love at first sight.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Laura Bush was interested in him.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Laura Bush was interested in him.,{ entailment } it's neither correct nor incorrect because it doesn't say if she was or was not interested at that time. I think the system read interested and assumed she was because he was. +"From the information in: 'Yisroel Tzvi Neuman (born April 1947) is an Orthodox rabbi and one of the four roshei yeshiva (deans) of Beth Medrash Govoha (the Lakewood Yeshiva) in Lakewood, New Jersey. He shares this post with Rabbi Malkiel Kotler, Rabbi Yerucham Olshin, and Rabbi Dovid Schustal. He is married to the daughter of Rav Dov Schwartzman, who is a granddaughter of the founder of the yeshiva, Rabbi Aharon Kotler.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Yisroel Tzvi Neuman is seventy two years old.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Yisroel Tzvi Neuman is seventy two years old.,{ neutral } I did the math and that is how old Yisroel Tzvi Neuman is. The system can't do math so unable to verify. +"Using the premise: 'Tyndall Air Force Base is a United States Air Force Base located 12 mi east of Panama City, Florida. The base was named in honor of World War I pilot 1st Lt Frank Benjamin Tyndall. The base operating unit and host wing is the 325th Fighter Wing (325 FW) of the Air Combat Command (ACC). The base is delineated as a census-designated place and had a resident population of 2,994 at the 2010 census.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Tyndall can be found somewhat close to Panama City' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Tyndall can be found somewhat close to Panama City,{ neutral } The system didn't get the message +"Based on the details provided in: 'Vanessa Lee Chester (born July 2, 1984) is an American television and film actress. Chester rose to fame as a child actor for her roles in ""A Little Princess"" (1995) and ""Harriet the Spy"" (1996), before gaining worldwide recognition for her role in Steven Spielberg's """" (1997).' , determine if the claim: 'Chester first big movie was Harriet the Spy.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Chester first big movie was Harriet the Spy.,"{ entailment } It states ""A Little Princess"" (1995) and ""Harriet the Spy"" (1996) therefore her first big movie was A little princess. " +" The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009. What year was the first population increase since 1954? ",What year was the first population increase since 1954?, 2004 +"Examine the premise: 'Louis Glenn Marson (born June 26, 1986) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies and Cleveland Indians. He is currently the hitting coach for the Salt Lake Bees, the Triple A affiliate of Major League Baseball's Los Angeles Angels.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Louis Glenn Marson starts with an A.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Louis Glenn Marson starts with an A.,{ entailment } Starts with a L. +" Norfolk Island (i/ˈnɔːrfək ˈaɪlənd/; Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, 1,412 kilometres (877 mi) directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head, and about 900 kilometres (560 mi) from Lord Howe Island. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's external territories. It has 1,796 inhabitants living on a total area of about 35 km2 (14 sq mi). Its capital is Kingston. How far away is the nearest land mass to Norfolk Island? ",How far away is the nearest land mass to Norfolk Island?, about 900 kilometres (560 mi) +" In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, ""What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?"" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, ""My tragedy"". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over. What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska? ",What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?, his poor health +"Given the premise: 'Family members and friends told Fox News that the couple had been fighting over several things, including Luong's girlfriend, on Sunday evening and Monday morning. Luong later drove off with his four children, whom he reported missing to the police and claimed he had left them with his girlfriend who lives in a hotel. Police however became suspicious due to ""holes in his story"" and he later changed his story. The Associated Press say that the authorities believe that Dauphin Island Bridge is where Luong threw the four children, of which he was the biological father of three, into the water.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Luong threw three of his biological children into the water.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Luong threw three of his biological children into the water.,"{ neutral } The original statement says that Luong was the biological father of 3 of the 4 children, which I correctly restated in my statement." +" Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012. What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season? ",What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?, Sunday Night Football +" The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively The highest peak of the Western Alps is where? ",The highest peak of the Western Alps is where? , Mont Blanc +"Reflect on the information in: 'Grey
I went to the store to buy a new phone. The one I wanted was available. The salesperson showed me three different colors. I had a hard time choosing. I finally decided on the grey model.' . Does the hypothesis: 'They bought the grey model, but didn't deliberate for very long. ' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","They bought the grey model, but didn't deliberate for very long. ",{ neutral } From the context we can see that they did deliberate for a while because it states they had a hard time choosing. The system likely could not equate hard time choosing with a long deliberation. +"From the information in: 'Ettore or Edoardo Ettore Forti was an Italian painter, who was prolific in depicting realistic Neo-Pompeian scenes of Ancient Roman life and events. These subjects were popular in the late-Victorian period, as exemplified by the popularity of Lawrence Alma-Tadema, as an example.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Ettore was a painter from the European continent.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ettore was a painter from the European continent.,"{ contradiction } If Ettore or Edoardo Ettore Forti was an Italian painter, he was definitively European painter. " +" On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain ""cockroaches"" and ""feral humans"" and said they were ""spreading like the norovirus"". Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights. In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein stated that Hopkins' used ""language very similar to that employed by Rwanda's Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide"", and noted that both media organizations were subsequently convicted by an international tribunal of public incitement to commit genocide. Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments? ",Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments?, the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights +"Given the premise: 'Milton Teagle ""Richard"" Simmons (born July 12, 1948) is an American fitness guru, actor, and comedian. He promotes weight-loss programs, prominently through his ""Sweatin' to the Oldies"" line of aerobics videos and is known for his eccentric, flamboyant, and energetic personality.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Simmons was born in the 1950's.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Simmons was born in the 1950's.,{ entailment } Simmons was born in 1948. The system was confused by the year. +"Based on the details provided in: 'The news comes as the owners of Kilroot announced plans to install clean-up equipment at the plant near Carrickfergus at a cost of £35 million.' , determine if the claim: 'The owners of Root announced plans to clean up' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The owners of Root announced plans to clean up,{ entailment } Root is not a person making my statement incorrect. Ounce again the model had trouble with spelling +"Examine the information in 'The Col de la Croix Fry (1467 m ) is a mountain pass located in the Chaîne des Aravis, between Manigod and La Clusaz in the Haute-Savoie department of France. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass on Stage 19 of the 2013 Tour. At the summit is the village of La Croix Fry.' Is the statement: 'The Col de la Croix Fry isn't that tall' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Col de la Croix Fry isn't that tall,{ entailment } It does not state whether the mountain is exactly tall or not and is opinion based. I'm not sure why this fooled the system. +" Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional. In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US? ",In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?, 1972 +" In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research. How did Financial Times rank BYU among business schools worldwide in 2009? ",How did Financial Times rank BYU among business schools worldwide in 2009?, No. 92 +"Considering the context: 'Drought
We are having a drought in our area. We have only had rain a couple times in the past two months. I have had to water our garden frequently. The garden doesn't like our chlorinated water very well. My bean plants all died due to lack of rain.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The garden needed rain.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The garden needed rain.,{ neutral } The plants died because of lack of rain. +" The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter. Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in New York? ",Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in New York?," June 24, 2011 " +" The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 2013, Francis approved Pope John XXIII for canonization, along with Pope John Paul II without the traditional second miracle required. Instead, Francis based this decision on John XXIII's merits for the Second Vatican Council. On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday. When was the 50th anniversary of his death? ",When was the 50th anniversary of his death?, 3 June 2013 +"Given the context: 'How to clean a syringe
Clean syringes immediately before and after using them. This may seem like a troublesome routine. However, cleaning syringes right before and after using them will greatly reduce the chances of catching a blood borne disease, like hepatitis or hiv.' , classify the statement: 'The text mentions at least three blood borne diseases.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The text mentions at least three blood borne diseases.,"{ neutral } It's definitely incorrect because the text only mentions two, which is not at least three. It's difficult because perhaps the system is not able to identify that the two specific diseases mentioned are blood borne diseases." +"Given the premise: 'Elim, also known as the Dr. William Keil House, is a historic home located near Bethel, Shelby County, Missouri. It was built in the late-1840s, and is a 2 1/2-story, brick and stone dwelling over a full basement. It has a simple ridge roof and two porches. It was built by the members of the ""Society of Bethel"" and served as the residence of the society's founder Dr. William Keil (1812-1877).' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Elim was built prior to the American Civil War.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Elim was built prior to the American Civil War.,{ contradiction } The text states the house was built in the late 1840s. +" In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote. The race was covered nationwide as one of the most closely watched Senate races that year. Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $6.9 million at Kerry's Beacon Hill townhouse. Both candidates spent more than the cap, with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement. During the campaign, Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld's 45 percent. Who broke the agreed-upon spending cap? ",Who broke the agreed-upon spending cap?, Both candidates +"Given the premise: 'Elizabeth Jane Watson (December 28, 1921 – February 21, 2016) was an American actress and singer known for her roles in musical theatre, especially Laurey in ""Oklahoma!"", creating the role in the London premiere. She also performed in nightclubs and on television, including as co-host of the game show ""Winner Take All"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Elizabeth Jane Watson not famous enough to be the only host on Winner Take All.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Elizabeth Jane Watson not famous enough to be the only host on Winner Take All.,"{ contradiction } Watson was a co-host, but it is not specifically stated whether or not she wasn't the only host because of her notoriety, therefore it is neither correct nor incorrect. The system probably tripped on the negative tone in the statement assuming I was saying she wasn't a host." +" A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or state-hood deals. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state. What does Article 371 say? ",What does Article 371 say?," special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim " +" Stressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss later on. The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus are destroyed due to glucocorticoids decreasing the release of glucose and the reuptake of glutamate. This high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors which in return kills neurons. Stressful life experiences can also cause repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind. This directly relates to traumatic events in one's past such as kidnappings, being prisoners of war or sexual abuse as a child. What neurons are damaged during stressful events? ",What neurons are damaged during stressful events?, The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus +"Consider the premise in: 'Lament is the seventh studio album by British new wave band Ultravox, released in the UK on 6 April 1984. It was the last album featuring original drummer Warren Cann until the band's reunion album ""Brilliant"" in 2012. The album peaked at #8 on the UK album chart and was certified Gold by the BPI in June 1984 for 100,000 copies sold. It also reached #25 in Germany and #115 in the United States.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Being in the top #100 album chart for the US, Lament was very popular with the American speaking audience. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Being in the top #100 album chart for the US, Lament was very popular with the American speaking audience. ",{ neutral } Lament was not in the top #100 on the album charts for the US. I believe the AI was unable to determine that being #115 is not a sign of high popularity. +" Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. The Moors also had a noticeable influence on the works of George Peele and William Shakespeare. Some of their works featured Moorish characters, such as Peele's The Battle of Alcazar and Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello, which featured a Moorish Othello as its title character. These works are said to have been inspired by several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century. In what century is it believed that delegations of Moors began to influence western works by the likes of Shakespeare? ",In what century is it believed that delegations of Moors began to influence western works by the likes of Shakespeare?, 17th century +" The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis led to an agreement with the Eurogroup in March 2013 to split the country's second largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), into a ""bad"" bank which would be wound down over time and a ""good"" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the ""troika"", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected. Who would eventually absorb the ""good"" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank? ","Who would eventually absorb the ""good"" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank?", Bank of Cyprus +" On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action. When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia? ",When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?, 6 April 1941 +" Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. ""Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety."" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the ""Papists"" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death: Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death? ",Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?, Wittenberg +"Using the premise: 'Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales is a compilation of Irish pub songs, various pop culture inspired songs and parodies, and live versions of songs from the Bards' previous albums. A romantic Italian folk song, ""Santa Lucia,"" is also included. The song ""Happily Ever After"" was inspired by the children's book, ""The Paper Bag Princess"", and ""Buttercup's Lament"" was inspired by The Princess Bride.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales is a compilation of Irish love songs.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales is a compilation of Irish love songs.,"{ neutral } Context states Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales is a compilation of Irish pub songs, not love songs." +"Reflect on the information in: '""The Bear and the Maiden Fair"" is the seventh episode of the third season of HBO's fantasy television series ""Game of Thrones"", and the 27th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by George R. R. Martin, the author of the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" novels on which the series is based, and was directed by Michelle MacLaren, her directorial debut for the series.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The 26th episode is the last episode of the series.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The 26th episode is the last episode of the series.,{ neutral } There is episode 27th so it is not the last episode of the series. +" Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues). Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio? ",Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?, St Helena Independent +"Given the premise: 'The Infiltrator is an American film about an Israeli freelance journalist who travels to Germany c. the early 1990s and uncovers a dangerously pervasive underground Neo-Nazi faction with the intent to bring Nazism back to the forefront in Germany. It is based on the book ""In Hitler's Shadow: An Israeli's Journey Inside Germany's Neo-Nazi Movement"" by Yaron Svoray and Nick Taylor' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The book this film was based on was written in the early 1990s.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The book this film was based on was written in the early 1990s.,{ entailment } It was based in 1990s but didn't say when it was written. +"Analyze the premise: 'Glenn Martin Christopher Francis Quinn (May 28, 1970 – December 3, 2002) was an Irish actor in television and film, known for playing Mark Healy in the American sitcom ""Roseanne"", and Doyle, a half-demon, on ""Angel"", a spin-off series of ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Glenn Martin Christopher Francis Quinn lived to be 32 years old.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Glenn Martin Christopher Francis Quinn lived to be 32 years old.,"{ contradiction } If Glenn Martin Christopher Francis Quinn was born in May of 1970 and died December 3 of 2002, then that would make him 32." +"With the given context: 'Leaky Pen
Tom was at the bank. He was trying to fill out some papers. Unfortunately the bank's pen was leaky. It got all over Tom's hands. The bank apologized profusely.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Ink got of the floor.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Ink got of the floor.,{ contradiction } Although ink got all over Tom's hands. We do not know if ink got on the floor as well. +" Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era? ",What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?, Wind +"With the premise: 'Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière ( or ; ] ; 15 January 162217 February 1673), was a French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature. Among Molière's best known works are ""The Misanthrope"", ""The School for Wives"", ""Tartuffe"", ""The Miser"", ""The Imaginary Invalid"", and ""The Bourgeois Gentleman"".' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Jean-Baptiste Poquelin never watched any of his plays.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Jean-Baptiste Poquelin never watched any of his plays.,{ contradiction } I used an absolute statement. +" Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, ""man's best friend"", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth. Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what? ",Certain dogs are bred to help fishermen with what?, nets +"Examine the premise: 'Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti is a set of ballad songs, written and performed by Woody Guthrie, related to the trial, conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti. The series was commissioned by Moe Asch in 1945 and recorded in 1946 and 1947. Guthrie never completed the project and was unsatisfied by the result. The project was released later in its abandoned form by Asch.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Sacco and Vanzetti are dead.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Sacco and Vanzetti are dead.,"{ neutral } The songs were written about the trial, conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti, which means they are dead. It may have been difficult for the system if it didn't know what ""execution"" meant as it applied here." +"Given the context: 'Jet Ski
My first time on a jet ski was fun. My uncle was on the back. I was getting too close to a rock wall. He yelled at me to stop. We both fell off.' , classify the statement: 'My uncle drove the jet ski and i sat on the back.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",My uncle drove the jet ski and i sat on the back.,{ entailment } He said his uncle was on the back so he must have been driving but its a fact that the uncle was on the back so thats why this is incorrect. +" Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theatre companies, multiple performance groups and more than sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, for example, which began life in the Great Room in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several alumni, including David Schwimmer; in 2011, it won the Regional Tony Award. How many student theatre companies does StuCo organize? ",How many student theatre companies does StuCo organize?, nine +"With the premise: 'Connacht Rugby (Irish: ""Rugbaí Connachta"" ) is one of the four professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. Connacht competes in the Pro14 and the European Rugby Challenge Cup. The team represents the IRFU Connacht Branch, which is one of four primary branches of the IRFU, and is responsible for rugby union throughout the geographical Irish province of Connacht.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Connacht Rugby is from a southern country.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Connacht Rugby is from a southern country.,"{ neutral } Ireland is located in the northern hemisphere, and located quite north compared to other countries. " +"Examine the information in 'Hendrik Wagenvoort (August 23, 1886 – January 15, 1976) was a Dutch classical scholar. He was professor of Latin at the University of Groningen and Utrecht University and published extensively on subjects relating to the Latin language and Roman religion.' Is the statement: 'Hendrik Wagenvoort was a dutch scholar that specialized in the language of modern Rome' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Hendrik Wagenvoort was a dutch scholar that specialized in the language of modern Rome,"{ neutral } He was a professor of latin and the roman religion, not the language of modern rome, so my statement is incorrect" +" Greece has tended to lag behind its European Union partners in terms of Internet use, with the gap closing rapidly in recent years. The percentage of households with access to the Internet more than doubled between 2006 and 2013, from 23% to 56% respectively (compared with an EU average of 49% and 79%). At the same time, there has been a massive increase in the proportion of households with a broadband connection, from 4% in 2006 to 55% in 2013 (compared with an EU average of 30% and 76%). However, Greece also has the EU's third highest percentage of people who have never used the Internet: 36% in 2013, down from 65% in 2006 (compared with an EU average of 21% and 42%). What percentage of people in Greece had never used the Internet as of 2013? ",What percentage of people in Greece had never used the Internet as of 2013?, 36% +" The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome. They built this by constructing and linking several arches. Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails. Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer? ",Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?, Sumerian temples and palaces +"Examine the information in 'Armour High School is the only high school in Armour, South Dakota. It is the only high school in Armour School District 21-1, which also includes an elementary and a middle school. Armour High School's athletic teams were formerly nicknamed the ""Packers"" and played in Class B of the South Dakota High School Activities Association.' Is the statement: 'Armour High School has teachers.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Armour High School has teachers.,{ neutral } Schools have teachers. +" The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is the upper house, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies. What does the population get to vote for? ",What does the population get to vote for?," The House of Assembly, or lower house " +"From the information in: 'James Matthes Talent (born October 18, 1956) is an American politician and former U.S. Senator from Missouri. He is a Republican and resided in the St. Louis area while serving in elected office. He identifies with the conservative wing of the Republican party, being outspoken on judicial appointments, abortion, flag burning, and defense issues.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Although James identifies as a Republican, he also identified strongly with liberal viewpoints' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Although James identifies as a Republican, he also identified strongly with liberal viewpoints",{ neutral } It states that John identifies as a republican and identifies and the lists the republican issues he feels strongly about +"Reflect on the information in: 'A Qualified Person Responsible for Pharmacovigilance, or QPPV, is an individual named by a pharmaceutical company as the main person responsible for ensuring that the company (the product's Marketing Authorisation Holder or MAH) meets its legal obligations for the monitoring of the safety of a medicinal product on the market.' . Does the hypothesis: 'QPPV is made by a company that uses chemistry in its business.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",QPPV is made by a company that uses chemistry in its business.,{ neutral } QPPV is made by a company that is involved in healthcare. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Vito Spatafore Sr., played by Joseph R. Gannascoli, is a fictional character on the HBO TV series ""The Sopranos"". He was a member of the DiMeo Crime Family and a subordinate of Tony Soprano. He was married to Marie Spatafore with two children, Francesca and Vito Jr., and was a closeted homosexual. This was revealed in the show's , and became one of the more prominent subplots in the .' . Does the hypothesis: 'Francesca was a closeted homosexual in the show.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Francesca was a closeted homosexual in the show.,{ neutral } The closeted homorsexual in the show was Vito Jr. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Grotto Geyser is a fountain-type geyser located in the Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Grotto Geyser is the namesake for the group of geysers that includes Grotto Fountain Geyser, South Grotto Fountain Geyser, Indicator Spring, Spa Geyser, and Rocket Geyser.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Grotto Geyser includes the Donald Trump geyser' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Grotto Geyser includes the Donald Trump geyser,"{ neutral } No, there is no geyser named after Donald Trump" +" This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. When did the judges use their save on Woolf? ",When did the judges use their save on Woolf?, Top 8 +"From the facts presented in 'Darpan Inani (born 1994) is a prolific blind Indian chess player from Vadodara. He is the second highest rated blind chess player in India with an ELO rating of 2041 as of Oct 2013. He won the bronze medal at the World Junior chess Championship for the blind at Belgrade in 2013. He is also the youngest to win the National blind chess championships.' , decide if the statement: 'Inani won the World Junior chess Championship for the blind the year he turned 19.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Inani won the World Junior chess Championship for the blind the year he turned 19.,"{ contradiction } Inani would have turned 19 during the year 2013, since he was born in 1994." +"Consider the premise in: 'Saxophone
Brendan loves listening to the Saxophone. He really wants to learn how to play. He has looked every where for a cheap saxophone. One day he finally found one he could afford. He was late getting to the store, and someone else already bought it.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Brendan wanted to buy the most beautiful, intricate, lavish and expensive saxophone he could find at the store but someone else had already bought it' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Brendan wanted to buy the most beautiful, intricate, lavish and expensive saxophone he could find at the store but someone else had already bought it","{ neutral } He was looking for a cheap saxophone, not an expensive one so my statement is incorrect, maybe the system got fooled by calling it beautiful?" +"With the premise: 'An adorably chubby tabby cat looked up when he heard his human call his name, showing a spark of interest when she bounced a ping-pong ball towards his direction for him to chase. Midway through his retrieval process however, the lazy tabby decided that he would rather play dead instead.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The tabby cat was female.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The tabby cat was female.,"{ neutral } The text refers to the cat as ""he""" +"Given the premise: 'According to the captain, the 1999 ferry was inspected by the Transport Ministry on December 9 and was certified to be in good condition. ""It seems that due to the weather conditions the chance is little, but we still hope,"" Djamal stated. With 17 crew members, and carrying 200 tons of cargo, the ill-fated PT Nur Budi owned and operated ferry sank so fast that the crew ""had no chance to ask the passengers to wear life jackets.""' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'before it left the boat was safe' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",before it left the boat was safe,"{ neutral } The inspectors said that it was in good condition. This means that the boat was safe making my statement correct. The model caught me when I used condition, but it failed to catch the word safe. This means that the word safe was just enough to knock it off track. " +"Consider the premise in: 'Well, the line comes from deciding what the First Amendment interest is, and if this Court heed the First Amendment interest off of this difference between selecting who gets the benefit of 20 years of extension and just simply legislating in a general way prospectively, then this Court could hold, with respect to the prospective, that it's not even necessary to raise the intermediate scrutiny in that context, but again, for Ashwander reasons we don't think that this Court should address the prospective aspect of the CTEA even under the First Amendment.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'This case involves the Declaration of Independence' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",This case involves the Declaration of Independence,{ neutral } This case involves the Constitution and Bill of Rights not the Declaration of Independence. +" Drug discovery and development is very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries. In 2010 18 NMEs (New Molecular Entities) were approved and three biologics by the FDA, or 21 in total, which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008. On the other hand, there were only 18 approvals in total in 2007 and 22 back in 2006. Since 2001, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research has averaged 22.9 approvals a year. This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials, as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring. Drugs which fail part-way through this process often incur large costs, while generating no revenue in return. If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account, the cost of developing a successful new drug (new chemical entity, or NCE), has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD(not including marketing expenses). Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012, however, that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades. What does NMEs stand for? ",What does NMEs stand for?, New Molecular Entities +" Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development. Nigeria was under military rule for how long? ",Nigeria was under military rule for how long?, almost 33 years +" Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia. How long does basic training last? ",How long does basic training last?, 10 weeks +" Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming (see below, Locomotion). As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyridae in the beetle order Coleoptera communicate with light. What can insects do with each other in a variety of ways? ",What can insects do with each other in a variety of ways?, communicate +" Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, ""I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen."" Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom? ",What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom?," 20 June 1837, William IV died " +" During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: ""I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face"". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public? ",The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?, the common suffering of rich and poor +"Examine the information in 'How to avoid odometer fraud
Examine the odometer for the number of miles. [substeps] Automobiles average about 12 , 000 miles a year. For example, if a car is 5 years old but has far fewer than 60 , 000 miles, the odometer may have been tampered with.' Is the statement: 'An average car will travel 60,000 miles in 3 years' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","An average car will travel 60,000 miles in 3 years","{ entailment } It is incorrect because it states an average car will travel 12,000 miles a year. So that would be 36,000 miles in 3 years. The system confused it because 60,000 is mentioned later, so the keyword is also in the prompt." +"Given the detailed context: 'Elsewhere, Mozambique took its first ever Olympic gold medal when Maria Mutola won the women's eight-hundred metres, while the men's ten-thousand-metres went to the Ethiopian Haile Gebrselassie.', judge whether the statement: 'Mozambique is a country with lots of gold medals.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mozambique is a country with lots of gold medals.,{ neutral } This is the first gold medal. +" Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards. Where is Russian an official language? ",Where is Russian an official language?," Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories " +"From the facts presented in 'The Master of Revenge () is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Chun Jung-myung, Jo Jae-hyun, Jeong Yoo-mi, Lee Sang-yeob and Gong Seung-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from April 27, 2016 to June 30, 2016 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.' , decide if the statement: 'The Master of Revenge aired for more than 2 months.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Master of Revenge aired for more than 2 months.,{ contradiction } It aired for 2 months and a couple days. The system may just see it as 2 months. +"With the given context: 'Caddyshack is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and written by Brian Doyle-Murray, Ramis and Douglas Kenney. It stars Michael O'Keefe, Chevy Chase, Rodney Dangerfield, Ted Knight, and Bill Murray. Doyle-Murray also has a supporting role. The film was later dedicated to producer Douglas Kenney, who died shortly after the film's release.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'caddyshack was written by three separate people' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",caddyshack was written by three separate people,"{ contradiction } it states it was written by Brian, Ramis and Douglas" +"With the premise: 'How to purchase a gas station
Study the traffic flow. When you first get the idea to buy a gas station, you need to become familiar with the location. Drive around the neighborhood.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'buying a gas station is easy' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",buying a gas station is easy,"{ contradiction } buying a gas station is not necessarily easy or hard, depending on who you are and what money you have." +"From the facts presented in 'Thomas ""Tim"" Buckley (May 28, 1942 – April 16, 2015) was an American anthropologist and Buddhist monastic best known for his long-term ethnographic research with the Yurok Indians of northern California, his early work in the anthropology of reproduction, and for his major reevaluation of the work of Alfred L. Kroeber.' , decide if the statement: 'The Yurok Indians migrated south.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Yurok Indians migrated south.,{ contradiction } The statement cannot be verified by the information provided alone. +"Examine the premise: 'Cooking with chocolate
Marissa loved to bake with chocolate. As she was allergic to it, she used her husband to taste the dough. Her husband, who loved chocolate, was happy to help. So much so that over the years he was the one taking on weight. Marissa had to stop baking as much or her husband would become sick.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Chocolate is used by very few bakers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Chocolate is used by very few bakers.,{ contradiction } The context did not discuss any other bakers and many bakers only bake bread. I think this was difficult because I introduced different information. +"With the given context: 'The Sound and the Fury is an American drama film directed by James Franco. It is the second film version of the novel of the same name by William Faulkner. The previous adaptation, directed by Martin Ritt, was released in 1959. The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 23, 2015, by New Films International.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Two chainz actually wrote the sound and the fury' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Two chainz actually wrote the sound and the fury,"{ neutral } William Faulkner wrote the sound and the fury, not two chainz" +"Using the premise: 'Air Chief Marshal Oluseyi Petinrin (born 19 January 1955) is a senior Nigerian Air Force officer and former Chief of the Defence Staff. Prior to his appointment and promotion as Chief of Defence Staff, he had held the position of Chief of Air Staff (Nigeria).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Oluseyi Petinrin is more than 15 years old.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Oluseyi Petinrin is more than 15 years old.,{ neutral } It's definitely correct because he was born in 1955. I think it's difficult because the system is not very good at calculating ages and comparing them to ages mentioned in the question. +"Examine the premise: 'The facility, which was launched last week, is led by six mandated lead arrangers and bookrunners — BNP Paribas, Citi, ING, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Standard Chartered and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. The deal is split into three tranches: a $297m term loan, a Rph3.05tr term loan ($245m) ...' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The facility launched last week and is led by six lead arrangers and bookrunners, they oversee the deal which is split into three tranches but they do not have anyone to oversee them.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The facility launched last week and is led by six lead arrangers and bookrunners, they oversee the deal which is split into three tranches but they do not have anyone to oversee them.","{ contradiction } We do not know if there is oversight on the lead arrangers or if they oversee each other, perhaps they do. The system was thrown off by the lack of details about the last part of the statement." +" In the late 1980s, according to ""Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine"", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software. What specifically did his son work on? ",What specifically did his son work on?, software +"Reflect on the information in: 'William Lewis Moody Jr. (January 25, 1865 – July 21, 1954) was an American financier and entrepreneur from Galveston, Texas, who founded a private bank, an insurance company, and one of the largest charitable foundations in the United States. Moody was active in the day-to-day operations of his companies until two days before his death.' . Does the hypothesis: 'William Lewis Moody Jr. lived to be 88 years old' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",William Lewis Moody Jr. lived to be 88 years old,{ entailment } He died when he was 89 +"From the information in: 'Initial investigations revealed that the Arab driver, identified as HBA, was driving at a high speed and lost control of his vehicle. It collided with the road barrier and then entered the opposite direction of the road and crashed with another vehicle driven by an Asian motorist.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Asian driver was driving at a high rate of speed.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Asian driver was driving at a high rate of speed.,"{ neutral } The Arab driver was driving at a high speed, " +"Considering the context: 'Gedney Hill is a village and civil parish South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 737. It is situated close to the border of Cambridgeshire, and approximately 9 mi south-east from Spalding, 8 mi west from Wisbech and 9 miles south from Holbeach.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Gedney Hill has a population of 2011.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Gedney Hill has a population of 2011.,"{ entailment } The population is stated as 737, but the system was confused by the year 2011 being stated nearby." +" At the glass transition temperature the resin in the composite softens and significantly increases thermal expansion; exceeding Tg then exerts mechanical overload on the board components - e.g. the joints and the vias. Below Tg the thermal expansion of the resin roughly matches copper and glass, above it gets significantly higher. As the reinforcement and copper confine the board along the plane, virtually all volume expansion projects to the thickness and stresses the plated-through holes. Repeated soldering or other exposition to higher temperatures can cause failure of the plating, especially with thicker boards; thick boards therefore require high Tg matrix. What do thick boards require to resist plating failure? ",What do thick boards require to resist plating failure?, high Tg matrix +" Rajasthan attracted 14 percent of total foreign visitors during 2009–2010 which is the fourth highest among Indian states. It is fourth also in Domestic tourist visitors. Tourism is a flourishing industry in Rajasthan. The palaces of Jaipur and Ajmer-Pushkar, the lakes of Udaipur, the desert forts of Jodhpur, Taragarh Fort (Star Fort) in Ajmer, and Bikaner and Jaisalmer rank among the most preferred destinations in India for many tourists both Indian and foreign. Tourism accounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product. Many old and neglected palaces and forts have been converted into heritage hotels. Tourism has increased employment in the hospitality sector. At what level is Rajasthan ranked in India for visits by foreigners? ",At what level is Rajasthan ranked in India for visits by foreigners?, fourth highest +" In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve ""Silk"" Hurley's ""Jack Your Body"" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with ""Jack the Groove"", and several further house hits reached the top ten that year. Stock Aitken Waterman's productions for Mel and Kim, including the number-one hit ""Respectable"", added elements of house to their previous Europop sound, and session group Mirage scored top-ten hits with ""Jack Mix II"" and ""Jack Mix IV"", medleys of previous electro and Europop hits rearranged in a house style. Key labels in the rise of house music in the UK included: Who had a hit single with ""jack the groove""? ","Who had a hit single with ""jack the groove""?", Raze +" Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself prince, and declared Kiev the ""mother of Rus' cities."" Oleg set about consolidating his power over the surrounding region and the riverways north to Novgorod, imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes. In 883, he conquered the Drevlians, imposing a fur tribute on them. By 885 he had subjugated the Poliane, Severiane, Vyatichi, and Radimichs, forbidding them to pay further tribute to the Khazars. Oleg continued to develop and expand a network of Rus' forts in Slav lands, begun by Rurik in the north. When Rurik past away, who took over? ","When Rurik past away, who took over?", Prince Oleg +"Given the context: 'Tulsa police arrested a man after they say he stabbed another man in the neck late Friday night. Officers were called to 40 North Victor Avenue for that reported stabbing where they found the victim, 28, with cuts to his neck. That man told police the person who cut him was Jordan King, 26, who ran from the scene. Officers began tracking King and found him about an hour later at some apartments near 11th and Denver before taking him into custody.' , classify the statement: 'the man was fatally injured' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the man was fatally injured,{ neutral } he had cuts to the neck but still was able to speak to the police. He is not dead +"With the premise: 'Douglas Eric ""Doug"" Liman (born July 24, 1965) is an American film director and producer best known for ""Swingers"" (1996), ""Go"" (1999), ""The Bourne Identity"" (2002), ""Mr. & Mrs. Smith"" (2005), ""Jumper"" (2008), ""Fair Game"" (2010), and ""Edge of Tomorrow"" (2014).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Fair Game is an American film.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Fair Game is an American film.,"{ entailment } While Liman is an American director, the article does not state specifically the country of origin of each film. There is no way to tell if Fair Game is an American film or not from the article." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Brown signed a reserve/future contract with the Rams on Monday. Brown spent the preseason with the Colts but finished the regular season on the Rams' practice squad. The 23-year-old will likely need to contribute on special teams if he is going to make the 2018 53-man roster.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Brown contains a q' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Brown contains a q,{ entailment } Not in the name +"Using the premise: 'Philip Henry Terzian (born 1950) is an American journalist and has been Literary Editor of ""The Weekly Standard,"" the well-known journal of politics and culture founded by William Kristol and Fred Barnes in 1995, since 2005. He is the author of ""Architects of Power: Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and the American Century"" (Encounter Books 2010).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Phillip Henry Terzian was sixty-five years old when he became the Literary Editor of ""The Weekly Standard"".' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Phillip Henry Terzian was sixty-five years old when he became the Literary Editor of ""The Weekly Standard"".","{ neutral } This statement is definitely incorrect because based on the paragraph, Terzian wouldve been 55 years old. I think this fooled the system because the system is bad at math." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Asmara under Italian rule was a colonial period when Eritrea's capital was ruled by the Italians. The city of Asmara came under Italian control in the 1880s after they conquered the territory of Italian Eritrea. In 1897, it was made the capital of the territory. The Italians subsequently referred to the city as ""Piccola Roma"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Asmara came under Italian control in 1897.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Asmara came under Italian control in 1897.,{ entailment } It came under rule in the 1880s +" In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978. Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods. In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas, as a gambling city in the United States. Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort. Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes. By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States. What was the name of the first legal casino in the eastern United States? ",What was the name of the first legal casino in the eastern United States?, Resorts International +"Based on the details provided in: 'Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries. There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.' , determine if the claim: 'Focusing on developing countries, DANIDA hopes to improve citizens of different countries lives. ' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Focusing on developing countries, DANIDA hopes to improve citizens of different countries lives. ",{ neutral } Humanitarian aid to other countries by DANIDA is for the betterment of the citizens lives that live in the countries receiving aid. The AI does not know the role humanitarian aid provides to others. +"Considering the context: 'Supervixens is a 1975 sexploitation film by American filmmaker Russ Meyer. The cast features Meyer regulars Charles Napier, Uschi Digard, and Haji. The film also features Shari Eubank (in a dual role) in one of her only two film roles ever and Christy Hartburg in her only film role ever.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Supervixens was released within the last 100 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Supervixens was released within the last 100 years.,"{ contradiction } It was released in 1975, so it's definitely within the last 100 years. It's difficult because the system seems to misunderstand ""within the last 100 years"" to think it means more than 100 years ago I guess." +"From the facts presented in 'Christopher Ryan Collins (born April 19, 1974) is an American basketball player and coach from Northbrook, Illinois. He is currently the head coach at Northwestern University. Collins previously served as associate head coach of the Duke University men's basketball team and is the son of National Basketball Association (NBA) player, coach, and commentator Doug Collins.' , decide if the statement: 'Christopher Collins was a student at Duke University.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Christopher Collins was a student at Duke University.,{ contradiction } The context says Christopher Collins was an associate head coach at Duke but doesn't say whether he was also a student there. +"Examine the premise: 'Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School, known as J. P. Widney High School is a special education magnet high school in Los Angeles, California, part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. This school is named in honor of Dr. Joseph Pomeroy Widney, a prominent early Los Angeles resident.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School is a school in California for children no older than 5' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School is a school in California for children no older than 5,"{ neutral } A high school is for children much older than 5, so the system probably didnt know that" +" Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly. When did Nigeria become independent from Britain? ",When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?, 1960 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Caatinga (] ) is a type of desert vegetation, which can also be called Jola Jolilo (Jou-lah-Jouh-Liloy). It is the indian name for the Caatinga, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name ""Caatinga"" is a Tupi word meaning ""white forest"" or ""white vegetation"" (""caa"" = forest, vegetation, ""tinga"" = white).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Caatinga is also known as Joli Jolila' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Caatinga is also known as Joli Jolila,{ entailment } It is stated that Caatinga is also called Jola Jolilo but I said it is Joli Jolila. I think this was difficult for the system because the text was so similar. +" The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board) four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors. If the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank (NCB), the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB. In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure. How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board? ",How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board?, appointed for a non-renewable term of five years +"Given the premise: '""Oh My"" is a song by American hip hop artist DJ Drama, released on May 13, 2011, as the lead single from his third studio album ""Third Power"". The song was produced by frequent collaborator Drumma Boy and features rappers Fabolous, Roscoe Dash and Wiz Khalifa. The song peaked at #18 on the ""Billboard"" and #12 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, making it the most successful song for DJ Drama to date.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: '""Oh My"" does not appear in quotation marks in this context.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","""Oh My"" does not appear in quotation marks in this context.","{ entailment } It's incorrect because ""Oh My"" does appear in quotation marks in this context. I fooled it with the quotation marks thing earlier in this hit, so thought I'd try it again! Evidently it can't handle the concept of things in quotation marks, or maybe it can't handle the meaning of the verb ""appear""." +"Examine the information in 'During the years between World War I and World War II, a great lesson was learned by our military leaders and the people of the United States. The lesson was that in the aftermath of World War I, we kind of turned our backs and left them to their own devices and they brewed up a lot of trouble that quickly became World War II.' Is the statement: 'During the years between World War I and World War II, a great lesson was learned by our military leaders and the people of the United No.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","During the years between World War I and World War II, a great lesson was learned by our military leaders and the people of the United No.","{ entailment } It was united states, not united no. I think that confused the model by putting ""no""" +"Analyze the premise: 'Farrell Temata ( 1944 – 26 April 2013) was a New Zealand rugby union player and coach. He was a prop who played 44 times for the Waikato provincial rugby union team and later was the side's assistant coach from 1992 to 1994. He was assistant coach of the Chiefs Super Rugby team from 2004 to 2006.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Farrell Temata was alive in 1943, but not in 1959.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Farrell Temata was alive in 1943, but not in 1959.","{ entailment } Farrell Temata was born in 1944, therefore she could not have been alive in 1943. I think the dates may have confused the AI." +" The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club. Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College? ",Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?, professor Juan Pedro Toni +"Reflect on the information in: 'HMS ""Achille"" was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was built by Cleverley Bros., a private shipyard at Gravesend, and launched on 16 April 1798. Her design was based on the lines of the captured French ship ""Pompée"" . She was the fourth Royal Navy ship to be named after the Greek hero Achilles in the French style.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The French admired the lines of the Achille and copied the design for their ship named Pompee.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The French admired the lines of the Achille and copied the design for their ship named Pompee.,{ neutral } The Royal Navy designed the Achille to mimic the lines of the French ship Pompee they had captured. Not the other way around. +"Given the premise: 'Carlos Ashley Raphael Barât (born 6 June 1978) is a British musician, best known for being the co-frontman with Peter Doherty of the garage rock band The Libertines. He was the frontman and lead guitarist of Dirty Pretty Things, and in 2010 debuted a solo album. In 2014 he announced the creation of his new band, The Jackals.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Carlos was 33 when he debuted his solo album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Carlos was 33 when he debuted his solo album.,{ entailment } Carlos was 32 and I don't think the system can do math. +" However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction. What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common? ","What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?", extinction +" When Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the encroaching secular power of the Buddhist institutions there. Kyōto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (784–967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese Tang capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale than Nara. Kammu endeavoured to improve the Tang-style administrative system which was in use. Known as the ritsuryō, this system attempted to recreate the Tang imperium in Japan, despite the ""tremendous differences in the levels of development between the two countries"". Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial government was vigorous during the early Heian period. Indeed, Kammu's avoidance of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors. Heian was Japan's capital for how many years? ",Heian was Japan's capital for how many years?," 1,000 " +"Consider the premise in: 'The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane was one of four known tropical cyclones that have made landfall in New York City. Another, even more intense hurricane in pre-Columbian times (sometime between 1278 and 1438) left evidence that was detected in southern New Jersey by paleotempestological research. The third was the 1893 New York hurricane, and the fourth was Hurricane Irene in 2011.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There were three hurricanes before the 1893 New York hurricane' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",There were three hurricanes before the 1893 New York hurricane,{ entailment } It was the third hurricane so there could not have been 3 hurricanes before it +"From the facts presented in 'Dana Berliner is Litigation Director at the Institute for Justice, a public interest law firm in Arlington, Virginia founded in 1991 by Chip Mellor and Clint Bolick. She was co-lead counsel for Susette Kelo in the landmark United States Supreme Court case ""Kelo v. City of New London"".' , decide if the statement: 'Dana Berliner works hundreds of miles away from DC' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Dana Berliner works hundreds of miles away from DC,"{ neutral } This statement is definitely incorrect because it states she works in Arlington Virginia, which is very close to DC, not hundreds of miles away. Maybe this statement is too abstract from the context for the system to tell what I am saying." +" Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain negative. The financial crisis is likely to yield the biggest banking shakeout since the savings-and-loan meltdown. Investment bank UBS stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a clear global recession, with recovery unlikely for at least two years. Three days later UBS economists announced that the ""beginning of the end"" of the crisis had begun, with the world starting to make the necessary actions to fix the crisis: capital injection by governments; injection made systemically; interest rate cuts to help borrowers. The United Kingdom had started systemic injection, and the world's central banks were now cutting interest rates. UBS emphasized the United States needed to implement systemic injection. UBS further emphasized that this fixes only the financial crisis, but that in economic terms ""the worst is still to come"". UBS quantified their expected recession durations on October 16: the Eurozone's would last two quarters, the United States' would last three quarters, and the United Kingdom's would last four quarters. The economic crisis in Iceland involved all three of the country's major banks. Relative to the size of its economy, Iceland’s banking collapse is the largest suffered by any country in economic history. What was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis? ",What was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis?, capital injection +"From the information in: 'How to become an elementary school teacher in florida
Obtain a bachelor's degree. Enroll in an education program to receive a degree from an accredited college or university. Consider majoring in education and specializing in the age group you want to teach.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'You do not need a high school diploma to be a teacher in Florida.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You do not need a high school diploma to be a teacher in Florida.,{ entailment } You need to obtain a bachelor's degree which would require a high school diploma first. +"Considering the context: 'Live in Concert is the second live music video title by singer and actress Cher. Released by HBO in 1999, it contained footage from Cher's Do You Believe? Tour specials filmed at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada in 1999. It featured tracks from the Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves album to the Believe album, alongside various covers. She has 7 costume changes by stylist Bob Mackie.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Live in Concert was released by HBO more than 1000 days ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Live in Concert was released by HBO more than 1000 days ago.,{ contradiction } 1000 days is less than 3 years and it was released 20 years ago. It's difficult because 1000 days is an unusual way to measure time. +" In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and was also extended to two weeks. Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time. Nigel Lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show? ",Nigel Lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show?, So You Think You Can Dance +"Given the context: 'ZOO
Bob took his daughter to the ZOO. She was happy to see all the animals. In the primate house a monkey came to say hi to them. The little girl got scared. They run away from there.' , classify the statement: 'Bob's daughter was so excited to see all the animals at the zoo, she especially loved the primate house, that was her favorite so she stayed there for a long time' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Bob's daughter was so excited to see all the animals at the zoo, she especially loved the primate house, that was her favorite so she stayed there for a long time","{ neutral } She got scared and ran away from the primate house, so my statement was incorrect" +"From the facts presented in 'Xinyi District is the seat of the Taipei City Government and Taipei City Council. The district includes Taipei 101, Taipei International Convention Center, Taipei World Trade Center, National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and various shopping malls and entertainment venues, making it the most cosmopolitan district of Taipei. Xinyi District is also considered the financial district of Taipei.' , decide if the statement: 'Xinyi District is known for it's hot weather' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Xinyi District is known for it's hot weather,"{ contradiction } nothing about weather is mentioned in the statement, the system seems to assume so " +"Examine the information in 'Lance King (born November 23, 1962) is an American heavy metal vocalist specializing in melodic rock progressive and power metal. Lance has sung with many groups over the last 35 years and started the record label Nightmare in 1990 to release his own music and is presently still at the helm of the label.' Is the statement: 'Lance has given up music due to his health lately' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Lance has given up music due to his health lately,{ contradiction } He may or may not have given up music +"With the given context: 'Melinda Heather ""Mindy"" Cohn (born May 20, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian and singer. She is known for her role as Natalie Green, the student of Edna Garrett (played by Charlotte Rae) in the long-running sitcom ""The Facts of Life"", and for being the voice of Velma Dinkley in the ""Scooby-Doo"" franchise from 2002 to 2015.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Melinda Heather is known for playing roles in long-running sitcoms, however she also did voicing of Velma Dinkely before she was born.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Melinda Heather is known for playing roles in long-running sitcoms, however she also did voicing of Velma Dinkely before she was born.","{ neutral } Someone can't do something before they are born, so the system isn't trained to understand this fact." +"With the given context: 'GARDAÍ IN CORK are investigating after a teenager allegedly attacked a paramedic in Co Cork. The incident happened last night, when the paramedic was allegedly attacked at around 11.50pm in Mahon. A 16 year-old was later arrested and taken to Blackrock garda station for questioning, before being released without charge. In a statement, a garda spokesperson said that investigations into the alleged assault were ongoing.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'A teenager attacked the paramedic.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",A teenager attacked the paramedic.,"{ entailment } No one has been charged yet. Though the attacker is believed to have been a teenager, it is not a known fact." +" In the resulting Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August–September 1950), the U.S. Army withstood KPA attacks meant to capture the city at the Naktong Bulge, P'ohang-dong, and Taegu. The United States Air Force (USAF) interrupted KPA logistics with 40 daily ground support sorties that destroyed 32 bridges, halting most daytime road and rail traffic. KPA forces were forced to hide in tunnels by day and move only at night. To deny matériel to the KPA, the USAF destroyed logistics depots, petroleum refineries, and harbors, while the U.S. Navy air forces attacked transport hubs. Consequently, the over-extended KPA could not be supplied throughout the south. On 27 August, 67th Fighter Squadron aircraft mistakenly attacked facilities in Chinese territory and the Soviet Union called the UN Security Council's attention to China's complaint about the incident. The US proposed that a commission of India and Sweden determine what the US should pay in compensation but the Soviets vetoed the US proposal. Why did India and Sweden never determine how much the US would compensate China? ",Why did India and Sweden never determine how much the US would compensate China?, the Soviets vetoed the US proposal +" Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In the aftermath of World War I the German Empire was defeated, the Austria-Hungarian empire was divided into new, less powerful states and the Russian Empire fell to a revolution. During the Paris Peace Conference, the ""Big Four""—France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States—held noticeably more power and influence on the proceedings and outcome of the treaties than Japan. The Big Four were leading architects of the Treaty of Versailles which was signed by Germany; the Treaty of St. Germain, with Austria; the Treaty of Neuilly, with Bulgaria; the Treaty of Trianon, with Hungary; and the Treaty of Sèvres, with the Ottoman Empire. During the decision-making of the Treaty of Versailles, Italy pulled out of the conference because a part of its demands were not met and temporarily left the other three countries as the sole major architects of that treaty, referred to as the ""Big Three"". What marked the conclusion of The Great War? ",What marked the conclusion of The Great War?," treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Murder Rock (Italian: Murderock - uccide a passo di danza; also known as Murder-Rock: Dancing Death, Slashdance and The Demon Is Loose!) is a 1984 Italian giallo film starring Olga Karlatos and Ray Lovelock, and written and directed by Lucio Fulci. Fulci recalled the producer forced him to turn the film into a musical with the music of Keith Emerson due to the success of ""Flashdance"".' , determine if the claim: 'Ray Lovelock dances with Olga Karlatos in Murder Rock.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ray Lovelock dances with Olga Karlatos in Murder Rock.,{ entailment } Just because they both star in a movie together does not mean they definitely did or did not dance together. +" During the remainder of his reign, John focused on trying to retake Normandy. The available evidence suggests that John did not regard the loss of the Duchy as a permanent shift in Capetian power. Strategically, John faced several challenges: England itself had to be secured against possible French invasion, the sea-routes to Bordeaux needed to be secured following the loss of the land route to Aquitaine, and his remaining possessions in Aquitaine needed to be secured following the death of his mother, Eleanor, in April 1204. John's preferred plan was to use Poitou as a base of operations, advance up the Loire valley to threaten Paris, pin down the French forces and break Philip's internal lines of communication before landing a maritime force in the Duchy itself. Ideally, this plan would benefit from the opening of a second front on Philip's eastern frontiers with Flanders and Boulogne – effectively a re-creation of Richard's old strategy of applying pressure from Germany. All of this would require a great deal of money and soldiers. John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what? ",John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what?, Capetian power +"With the given context: 'U.S. Highway 61/190 Business (BUS US 61/190, officially 61-X) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves East Baton Rouge Parish. It spans 10.89 mi in a southeast to northwest direction and it is bannered as Business 61/190, with no directional shields. It generally follows the 1940s-1950s alignment of US 61/190 through Baton Rouge.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'U.S. Highway 61/190 is located in the Southern U.S.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",U.S. Highway 61/190 is located in the Southern U.S.,{ neutral } U.S. Highway 61/190 runs through Louisiana which in the South. +" In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont. When were images of new iPod colors leaked? ",When were images of new iPod colors leaked?, mid-2015 +" After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe. Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo? ",Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?, Robert Guiscard +"With the premise: 'Kabul - A roadside bomb that injured six U.S. soldiers in eastern Afghanistan, was followed by a blast near a Kabul police station, Monday, that hurt two police officers and a civilian.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kabul police were not there to record the scene.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kabul police were not there to record the scene.,"{ neutral } Monday, that hurt two police officers and a civilian which means they were there and makes it incorrect." +" Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision ""with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island"". If approved by Tynwald, a measure ""shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald"". Between 1979 and 1993, the Synod had similar powers, but limited to the extension to the Isle of Man of measures of the General Synod. Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor. A Measure does not require promulgation. Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures? ","Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures?", Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod +"Analyze the premise: 'That stands in stark contrast, by the way, to a man who is going to leave 50 million -- 50 million Americans out of tax relief. We just have a different point of view. It's a totally different point of view. He believes only the right people ought to get tax relief.' . Classify the hypothesis: '50 Americans will not have tax relief.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",50 Americans will not have tax relief.,"{ entailment } the sentence says 50 million, not 50. I think the system over looked the written out numbers." +" The gut is generally an almost straight tube supported by the mesenteries (vertical partitions within segments), and ends with the anus on the underside of the pygidium. However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight. The bacteria convert inorganic matter – such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents, or methane from seeps – to organic matter that feeds themselves and their hosts, while the worms extend their palps into the gas flows to absorb the gases needed by the bacteria. What gases come from seeps? ",What gases come from seeps?, methane +" In a time when royals were expected to marry fellow royals, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her. That year, he met for the first time since childhood Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He became determined to marry her. She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family. In the words of Lady Elizabeth's mother, Albert would be ""made or marred"" by his choice of wife. After a protracted courtship, Elizabeth agreed to marry him. Who was Albert infatuated with? ",Who was Albert infatuated with?," Sheila, Lady Loughborough " +"Given the premise: 'Scary Diagnosis
After Amanda received her cancer diagnosis she made a bucket list. On it were different activities like skydiving and going to Europe. On the day of her sky dive she was scared. They had to push her out of the plane. She was happy they did because it was exhilarating.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Amanda went from scared to happy on the same day.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Amanda went from scared to happy on the same day.,{ neutral } Amanda was scared to jump out of the plane and then she was happy after she did. +" On February 12, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Comcast sought to acquire Time Warner Cable in a deal valued at $45.2 billion. On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition. This was to add several metropolitan areas to the Comcast portfolio, such as New York City, Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Charlotte, San Diego, and San Antonio. Time Warner Cable and Comcast aimed to merge into one company by the end of 2014 and both have praised the deal, emphasizing the increased capabilities of a combined telecommunications network, and to ""create operating efficiencies and economies of scale"". What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner? ",What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner?, the Los Angeles Times +"From the facts presented in 'Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka is a Hindi language Indian soap opera that aired on Sony TV. It was the first Hindi fiction series to reach 1000 episodes and is one of the longest television serials of Indian television. The show was originally aired in Gujarati on ETV Gujarati called as Sapna Na Vavetar.' , decide if the statement: 'Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka has reached over 2000 episodes' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka has reached over 2000 episodes,{ entailment } We know 1000 has been reached. One number off +"Given the context: 'Texas' Nineteenth Congressional District of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves the upper midwestern portion of the state of Texas The district includes portions of the State from Lubbock to Abilene. The current Representative from the 19th District is Republican Jodey Arrington.' , classify the statement: 'Arrington travels from Abilene to Lubbock.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Arrington travels from Abilene to Lubbock.,{ entailment } It is unknown if Arrington travels from Abilene to Lubbock. The system was confused by the context. +"Reflect on the information in: 'We Joined the Navy is a 1962 British comedy film produced by Daniel M. Angel and directed by Wendy Toye which stars Kenneth More, Lloyd Nolan, Joan O'Brien, Derek Fowlds, Graham Crowden, Esma Cannon and John Le Mesurier. It was based on the novel of the same name by John Winton.' . Does the hypothesis: 'We Joined the Navy stars more than 7 actors.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",We Joined the Navy stars more than 7 actors.,"{ entailment } We can't know if those are the only stars. 7 are listed, perhaps that is all of them, perhaps there are more. The system assumes otherwise." +"With the given context: 'Sir Edward Spragge (name also written as Spragg or Sprague) (circa 1620 – 21 August 1673) was an Irish admiral of the Royal Navy. He was a fiery, brilliantly accomplished seaman who fought in many great actions after the restoration of King Charles II in 1660.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Sir Edward Spragge acts in moies' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Sir Edward Spragge acts in moies,{ entailment } Sir Edward Spragge does not act in movies. +"Examine the premise: 'Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Алекса́ндров , alternative transliterations: ""Alexandr"" or ""Alexander"" (first name), and ""Alexandrov"" (last name)) (August 4, 1912 – July 27, 1999), was a Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov was alive in 1902, but not in 1915.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov was alive in 1902, but not in 1915.","{ entailment } The statement is incorrect, because he was born in 1912, therefore could not have been alive in 1902. I think the dates and the way that it was worded confused the AI, especially because a second date was added in." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Chorão, also known as Choddnnem or Chodna, is an island along the Mandovi River near Ilhas, Goa, India. It is the largest among other 17 islands of Goa. It is located 5 km away from the state capital, the city of Panaji and 10 km away from the city of Mapusa. Even today, one can visit this area and see the distinct churches, graveyards and buildings all with a Portuguese air.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Chodna had Portuguese influences before 2019.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Chodna had Portuguese influences before 2019.,"{ neutral } For the architecture to have Portuguese influences, Portuguese must have lived there at one point before this current year." +"Examine the information in 'Sutton-on-Sea (originally Sutton in the Marsh or Sutton le Marsh) is a small coastal village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated at the junction of the A52 and A1111 roads, 6 mi north-east from Alford and 2 mi south from Mablethorpe. The village is part of the civil parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton (where the population is listed).' Is the statement: 'Sutton le Marsh was originally called Sutton-on-Sea.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sutton le Marsh was originally called Sutton-on-Sea.,"{ entailment } It's actually backwards, but I don't think the system knew the difference." +"Examine the premise: 'BOSTON, Oct 2 (Reuters) - William Ackman’s Pershing Square Capital Management staunched two months of bloodletting in September, with his flagship fund eking out a tiny gain, leaving its main fund roughly flat for the year, according to a performance update. The activist investor told clients that the Pershing Square LP fund inched up 0.2 percent last month, marking an improvement from August’s 3.6 percent loss and July’s 2.2 percent decline, according to an update which was seen by Reuters.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Ackman told clients of his Pershing Square Capital Management hedge fund that its main portfolio rose 2.4 percent in June, putting the fund up 25 percent for the year, according to two investors.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Ackman told clients of his Pershing Square Capital Management hedge fund that its main portfolio rose 2.4 percent in June, putting the fund up 25 percent for the year, according to two investors.",{ neutral } Simply the numbers were shifted from a reuters article. +" At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry. What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world? ",What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world? , the Alps +"Considering the context: 'The Colusa Carnegie Library, at 260 Sixth St. in Colusa, California, is a Carnegie library built in 1906 that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has also been known as the Carnegie Library Building and the City of Colusa Police Department.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Colusa Carnegie Library still stands today.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Colusa Carnegie Library still stands today.,{ contradiction } The library is still standing because it has an address and is part of the National Register of Historic Places. It was probably difficult for the system because it had to make an inference about whether the library was still there or not. +"With the given context: 'Pangani Falls Dam is a dam in Tanzania, which is part of the Pangani Hydro Systems. The dam is located at Koani in the Muheza District of the Tanga Region, about 8 km south of another power station at Hale. The Pangani falls power station has two turbines and has an installed capacity of 68 MW .' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Tanga Region has only the Pagani Falls dam and no others.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Tanga Region has only the Pagani Falls dam and no others.,{ contradiction } The system is only aware of the given dam and not of others that may exist in the area. +"From the facts presented in 'Hykeham railway station serves the town of North Hykeham in Lincolnshire, England. The station is on the Nottingham to Lincoln Line, owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Trains, which provide all services. The nearby Thorpe-on-the-Hill railway station was closed in 1955 for lack of use.' , decide if the statement: 'Thorpe-on-the-hill is owned by Network Rail in addition to Hykeham railway station.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Thorpe-on-the-hill is owned by Network Rail in addition to Hykeham railway station.,{ contradiction } It doesn't state who owns the old station so this is unknown. This confused the system because it used the context in a different order. +" One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy. When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry? ",When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?, 2000s +"Examine the information in 'Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, Southern Presbyterian pastor, Confederate States Army chaplain, and architect. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson. His biography of Jackson remains in print today.' Is the statement: 'Dabney wrote the biography of Stonewall Jackson while serving as an architect and Southern Presbyterian pastor.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Dabney wrote the biography of Stonewall Jackson while serving as an architect and Southern Presbyterian pastor.,"{ entailment } It is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because, while the given content says Dabney did all of those things, it does not indicate that he did them at the same time. The system may have taken into consideration only that the man did those actions and not the time in which they were done." +" Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates. Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities? ",Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities?, African female-mediated gene +" After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the Thomas Jefferson administration), and rechristened Fort Nathan Hale, after the Revolutionary War hero who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the War of 1812. In 1863, during the Civil War, a second Fort Hale was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a Southern raid against New Haven be launched. The United States Congress deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year. During the Civil War, New Haven needed to be further fortify incase of another invasion, what structure did the city built? ","During the Civil War, New Haven needed to be further fortify incase of another invasion, what structure did the city built?", a second Fort Hale was built +" The finale is the two-hour last episode of the season, culminating in revealing the winner. For seasons one, three through six, and fourteen, it was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre, which has an audience capacity of approximately 3,400. The finale for season two took place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, which has an audience capacity of over 6,000. In seasons seven through thirteen, the venue was at the Nokia Theatre, which holds an audience of over 7,000. Where was the season one finale broadcast from? ",Where was the season one finale broadcast from?, Dolby Theatre +" Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis. Who colonized Brazil? ",Who colonized Brazil?, Pedro Álvares Cabral +"With the given context: 'The Everly Brothers were an American country-influenced rock and roll duo, known for steel-string acoustic guitar playing and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald ""Don"" Everly (born February 1, 1937) and Phillip ""Phil"" Everly (January 19, 1939 – January 3, 2014) were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2001.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The American brothers were loved for their country-influenced rock and roll' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The American brothers were loved for their country-influenced rock and roll,"{ neutral } I called the brothers by their nationality rather than their names/title. The Everly Brothers are brothers from America and they did gain admiration from their country-influenced rock and roll. The system cannot recognize people by where they are from it seems, in this case. " +"Considering the context: 'In fact, I may have been walking out of the room at the time and in close proximity to her. And so at the time when Max was speaking -- I believe that there were people who spoke in between she and Max Pell. But at the time when he stood to speak, I was in the restroom and sort of coming back from the restroom, so I don't really recall exactly what his comments were.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The speaker knows the name of all people present.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The speaker knows the name of all people present.,"{ contradiction } The speaker refers to one person as She, but that doesn't mean he doesn't know her name." +" In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve ""Silk"" Hurley's ""Jack Your Body"" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with ""Jack the Groove"", and several further house hits reached the top ten that year. Stock Aitken Waterman's productions for Mel and Kim, including the number-one hit ""Respectable"", added elements of house to their previous Europop sound, and session group Mirage scored top-ten hits with ""Jack Mix II"" and ""Jack Mix IV"", medleys of previous electro and Europop hits rearranged in a house style. Key labels in the rise of house music in the UK included: what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK? ",what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK?, Respectable +" The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants. That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda, and directly addresses Darwin's ""abominable mystery."" How many distinct rounds of genome duplication events are suspected in the evolution of seed plants? ",How many distinct rounds of genome duplication events are suspected in the evolution of seed plants?, two +" The landscapes of Thuringia are quite diverse. The far north is occupied by the Harz mountains, followed by the Goldene Aue, a fertile floodplain around Nordhausen with the Helme as most important river. The north-west includes the Eichsfeld, a hilly and sometimes forested region, where the Leine river emanates. The central and northern part of Thuringia is defined by the 3000 km² wide Thuringian Basin, a very fertile and flat area around the Unstrut river and completely surrounded by the following hill chains (clockwise from the north-west): Dün, Hainleite, Windleite, Kyffhäuser, Hohe Schrecke, Schmücke, Finne, Ettersberg, Steigerwald, Thuringian Forest, Hörselberge and Hainich. Within the Basin the smaller hill chains Fahner Höhe and Heilinger Höhen. South of the Thuringian Basin is the Land's largest mountain range, marked by the Thuringian Forest in the north-west, the Thuringian Highland in the middle and the Franconian Forest in the south-east. Most of this range is forested and the Großer Beerberg (983 m) is Thuringia's highest mountain. To the south-west, the Forest is followed up by Werra river valley, dividing it from the Rhön Mountains in the west and the Grabfeld plain in the south. Eastern Thuringia, commonly described as the area east of Saale and Loquitz valley, is marked by a hilly landscape, rising slowly from the flat north to the mountainous south. The Saale in the west and the Weiße Elster in the east are the two big rivers running from south to north and forming densely settled valleys in this area. Between them lies the flat and forested Holzland in the north, the flat and fertile Orlasenke in the middle and the Vogtland, a hilly but in most parts non-forested region in the south. The far eastern region (east of Weiße Elster) is the Osterland or Altenburger Land along Pleiße river, a flat, fertile and densely settled agricultural area. How many big rivers flow through Thuringia? ",How many big rivers flow through Thuringia? , The Saale in the west and the Weiße Elster in the east +" The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902). Which entity founded the Cape Colony? ",Which entity founded the Cape Colony?, The Dutch East India Company +" The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era. Rulers from Tirhut, upon being attacked by Muslims, fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla. These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city. Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. Nepali currency became the standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade. What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake? ",What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake?, Abhaya Malla +"Given the context: 'Daffodil
David loved flowers a lot. He loved daffodils the most. One day, he went outside of his house. Right outside, there was a patch of daffodils. Now, David goes outside everyday to see them.' , classify the statement: 'David only loves daffodils.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",David only loves daffodils.,"{ neutral } The context describes David as loving daffodils the most, implying he likes different kinds of flowers with daffodils being the his favorite, so it's known he loves more than daffodils. " +"With the given context: 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a 2005 British-American comic science fiction film directed by Garth Jennings, based upon previous works in the media franchise of the same name, created by Douglas Adams. It stars Martin Freeman, Sam Rockwell, Mos Def, Zooey Deschanel and the voices of Stephen Fry and Alan Rickman.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a humorous film.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a humorous film.,{ entailment } Humor is subjective. +" In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as ""civil religion"" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations. Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago. What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its arrival 1,800 years ago? ","What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its arrival 1,800 years ago?", Buddhism +"Given the premise: 'The Long Riders is a 1980 American western film directed by Walter Hill. It was produced by James Keach, Stacy Keach and Tim Zinnemann and featured an original soundtrack by Ry Cooder. Cooder won the ""Best Music"" award in 1980 from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for this soundtrack. The film was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Long Riders starts with an A.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Long Riders starts with an A.,{ entailment } It starts with a T. +"With the given context: 'Bashar Mounzer Rahal (Bulgarian: Башар Мунзер Рахал , Arabic: بشار رحال‎ ‎ ) is a Bulgarian actor of Lebanese descent, known for his role in the TV show ""It Can't Be"" equivalent of ""Saturday Night Live"". Most recently he can be seen alongside John Cusack, Hilary Duff and Academy Award Winners Ben Kingsley, Marisa Tomei and Joan Cusack in the movie ""War, Inc."".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Bashar Mounzer Rahal is Lebanese' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Bashar Mounzer Rahal is Lebanese,"{ contradiction } It is correct because it literally states he is of Lebanese descent. He could be Bulgarian as well, but he is at least Lebanese, as stated in the prompt. I think the system thinks he is Bulgarian since that is listed first and that he couldn't be from any other descent" +"Analyze the premise: 'Mass. Man Accuses Dunkin' Donuts Of Using A Butter Substitute A court settlement has been reached. A Dunkin' Donut spokeswoman told the Boston Globe that their stores in Massachusetts do carry both butter and also a butter substitute vegetable spread.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The man who accused Dunkin' Donuts didn't mind that he thought they used a butter substitute.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The man who accused Dunkin' Donuts didn't mind that he thought they used a butter substitute.,{ neutral } The man wouldn't have accused Dunkin' Donuts if he didn't care that they may have been using a butter substitute. The system may not have been able to infer the man's feelings. +" Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet ""spheres of influence"". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its ""political rearrangement""—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow. Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country? ",Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country?, Soviet Union +"Examine the information in 'Frank Viola is an American author, speaker, and blogger on Christian topics. His work focuses on Jesus studies and biblical narrative, with a strong emphasis on helping the poor and the oppressed. He is most noted for his emphasis on the centrality and supremacy of Jesus Christ.' Is the statement: 'Frank Viola has written books that focus on Jesus.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Frank Viola has written books that focus on Jesus.,{ neutral } The text states that Frank Viola's work focuses on Jesus studies and biblical narrative. +"Analyze the premise: '""Bad Habits"" is the lead single by English band The Last Shadow Puppets from their second studio album, ""Everything You've Come to Expect"". It was released on 10 January 2016 on Domino Records, and is the first release of the band's second period of activity, making it their first single since ""My Mistakes Were Made for You"" (2008).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'My Mistakes Were Made For You was released by Domino Records' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",My Mistakes Were Made For You was released by Domino Records,{ entailment } It is not explicitly stated whether Domino Records produced that song or not. +" Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry. A great deal of early-stage drug discovery has traditionally been carried out by universities and research institutions. What is involved in drug discovery? ",What is involved in drug discovery?, isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery +" On July 11, 1877, a few days after the Bell Telephone Company was established, Bell married Mabel Hubbard (1857–1923) at the Hubbard estate in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His wedding present to his bride was to turn over 1,487 of his 1,497 shares in the newly formed Bell Telephone Company. Shortly thereafter, the newlyweds embarked on a year-long honeymoon in Europe. During that excursion, Bell took a handmade model of his telephone with him, making it a ""working holiday"". The courtship had begun years earlier; however, Bell waited until he was more financially secure before marrying. Although the telephone appeared to be an ""instant"" success, it was not initially a profitable venture and Bell's main sources of income were from lectures until after 1897. One unusual request exacted by his fiancée was that he use ""Alec"" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of ""Aleck"". From 1876, he would sign his name ""Alec Bell"". They had four children: Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon? ",Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon?, Europe +"Analyze the premise: 'Skerry is a hamlet in the town of Brandon in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is located east of the Little Salmon River on Franklin County Highway 12 (Skerry Road) and Franklin County Highway 13 (Bangor Skerry Road). Skerry is 9 mi southwest of Malone and 5 mi southeast of West Bangor.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'West Bangor is a hamlet in Franklin County, New York, United States.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","West Bangor is a hamlet in Franklin County, New York, United States.",{ contradiction } It is unstated what West Bangor is. I think the system got it wrong because I used a lot of words from the context +" Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain. The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)—away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Most snowfall occurs from December through March, as most years see no measurable snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October. There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d] On what coast is Boston located? ",On what coast is Boston located?, the North Atlantic +" Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology. Name three types of immunological disorders? ",Name three types of immunological disorders?," autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection " +"Given the detailed context: 'Make It Hot is the debut studio album by R&B singer Nicole Wray. The album was released in August 1998 through Missy Elliott's Elektra-distributed vanity label, The Goldmind. The album was produced by Missy Elliott and Timbaland. Some editions of the release credit Nicole as ""Nicole Ray"", an artist name she only used here and on her single ""I Can't See"".', judge whether the statement: 'Nicole Wray's music is produced by Missy Elliott and Timbaland since 1998.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nicole Wray's music is produced by Missy Elliott and Timbaland since 1998.,"{ entailment } The text only specifies that they produced her debut album, it does not say whether they continued to produce her music." +" The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838). After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet (1797–1856), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street. However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art. When did Heine die? ",When did Heine die?, 1856 +"Examine the premise: 'Ronald Reagan is a bronze sculpture depicting the American politician of the same name by Chas Fagan, installed at the United States Capitol's rotunda, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of California in 2009, and replaced one depicting Thomas Starr King, which the state had gifted in 1931.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The statue of Thomas Starr King was made of bronze.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The statue of Thomas Starr King was made of bronze.,"{ entailment } The context makes no mention of what the Thomas Starr King statue is made out of, only the Ronald Reagan one. It may or may not be. It could be that the system assumed it was of the same material, even though it's not explicitly stated." +" The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as ""despicable"" by the Chinese government, condemning them as ""deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France"" and who ""tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit"", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to ""impede the Olympic spirit"". Large-scale counter-protests by overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals became prevalent in later segments of the relay. In San Francisco, the number of supporters were much more than the number of protesters, and in Australia, Japan, South Korea, the counter-protesters overwhelmed the protesters. A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported. No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay. Who overwhelmed the protesters in Japan? ",Who overwhelmed the protesters in Japan?, counter-protesters +"Using the premise: 'The Mayfield Brewery was a brewery that operated in Mayfield, California between years 1868 and 1920. The brewery was located at what is now the corner of California Avenue and Birch Street in Palo Alto, California. The brewery produced Steam beer and sold it in kegs to local saloons. The brewery was shut down by Prohibition.' , decide if the conclusion: 'prohibition successfully closed down mayfield brewery' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",prohibition successfully closed down mayfield brewery,{ contradiction } the statements said that the brewery was closed by prohibition. +"Considering the context: 'Night of Terror is a 1933 American Pre-Code horror film directed by Benjamin Stoloff, and starring Bela Lugosi, Sally Blane, Wallace Ford, and Tully Marshall. Despite receiving top billing, Bela Lugosi has a relatively small part. The film is also known as He Lived to Kill and Terror in the Night.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Night of Terror likely contains content that would have been against the Hayes Code since it came out before its implementation.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Night of Terror likely contains content that would have been against the Hayes Code since it came out before its implementation.,"{ entailment } The context mentions the Hayes Code, so I chose to talk about that aspect which confused the model since it was not detailed in the context." +" A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now being required to become a web application, which must render in a web browser). For example, in the case of a lack of backward compatibility, this can occur because the programmers develop and test software only on the latest version of the target environment, which not all users may be running. This results in the unintended consequence that the latest work may not function on earlier versions of the target environment, or on older hardware that earlier versions of the target environment was capable of using. Sometimes such issues can be fixed by proactively abstracting operating system functionality into a separate program module or library. What does backwards compatibility always seem to be the cause of errors and bugs after a release? ",What does backwards compatibility always seem to be the cause of errors and bugs after a release?, test software only on the latest version of the target environment +" Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered. How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have? ",How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?, About twenty +" Many energy markets, institutions, and policies have been developed to support the production and use of fossil fuels. Newer and cleaner technologies may offer social and environmental benefits, but utility operators often reject renewable resources because they are trained to think only in terms of big, conventional power plants. Consumers often ignore renewable power systems because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption. Intentional market distortions (such as subsidies), and unintentional market distortions (such as split incentives) may work against renewables. Benjamin K. Sovacool has argued that ""some of the most surreptitious, yet powerful, impediments facing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the United States are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science"". Why do consumers often ignore renewable power systems? ",Why do consumers often ignore renewable power systems?, because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption +" The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed] Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace? ",Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace?, Remy de la Fosse +"With the given context: 'Canopus ( ), also designated Alpha Carinae (α Carinae, abbreviated Alpha Car, α Car), is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina, and the second-brightest star in the night-time sky, after Sirius. Canopus's visual magnitude is −0.74, and it has an absolute magnitude of −5.71.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The visual magnitude of Alpha Car is -0.74.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The visual magnitude of Alpha Car is -0.74.,"{ contradiction } The excerpt states that Alpha Car is an abbreviation of Alpha Carinae and states that it's visual magnitude is -0.74, which means the statement is correct. The model was likely fooled by the use of Alpha Car instead of Canopus." +" Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix ""post"" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984. Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was? ",Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?, Reynolds +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to measure your gait speed
Evaluate your need for a gait test. Not everyone will need to measure their gait speed. Generally, this test is reserved for those that are suspected to have difficulty walking or have difficulty balancing.' . Does the hypothesis: 'the accurate measurement of human gait has so far eluded researchers.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",the accurate measurement of human gait has so far eluded researchers.,{ neutral } i think the system could not follow the complexity of the sentence +" The 1981 film Fort Apache, The Bronx is another film that used the Bronx's gritty image for its storyline. The movie's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx which was nicknamed ""Fort Apache"". Also from 1981 is the horror film Wolfen making use of the rubble of the Bronx as a home for werewolf type creatures. Knights of the South Bronx, a true story of a teacher who worked with disadvantaged children, is another film also set in the Bronx released in 2005. The Bronx was the setting for the 1983 film Fuga dal Bronx, also known as Bronx Warriors 2 and Escape 2000, an Italian B-movie best known for its appearance on the television series Mystery Science Theatre 3000. The plot revolves around a sinister construction corporation's plans to depopulate, destroy and redevelop the Bronx, and a band of rebels who are out to expose the corporation's murderous ways and save their homes. The film is memorable for its almost incessant use of the phrase, ""Leave the Bronx!"" Many of the movie's scenes were filmed in Queens, substituting as the Bronx. Rumble in the Bronx was a 1995 Jackie Chan kung-fu film, another which popularised the Bronx to international audiences. Last Bronx, a 1996 Sega game played on the bad reputation of the Bronx to lend its name to an alternate version of post-Japanese bubble Tokyo, where crime and gang warfare is rampant. What origin was 'Escape 2000'? ",What origin was 'Escape 2000'?, Italian +"Given the premise: 'Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck, 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, ""West with the Night"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Beryl Markham was 83 when she died.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Beryl Markham was 83 when she died.,{ neutral } The context states that Markham was born in October 1902 and died in August 1986. She had not yet reached her 84th birthday when she died. +"With the premise: 'How to grow african violets indoors
Buy pre-rooted african violets at a nursery, greenhouse or retail store. Because many houseplant enthusiasts grow african violets as part of their collection, they are usually easy to find. It's best to grow the violets from a pre-rooted plant, as growing african violets from seeds can be extremely difficult.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Sowing african violet seeds should not be tried.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Sowing african violet seeds should not be tried.,"{ entailment } The statement doesn't prohibit doing this or doesn't say it will never work. It just says it is difficult. Some people would be up for the challenge. But for many plant people, doing this would be futile because they don't have the patience, don't want to risk it, etc. It depends on how much you're into plants." +"From the facts presented in 'The Magic Roundabout (known in the original French as ""Le Manège enchanté"") was a French-British children's television programme created in France in 1963 by Serge Danot, with the help of Ivor Wood and Wood's French wife, Josiane. The series was originally broadcast from 1964 to 1974 on ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française).' , decide if the statement: 'The Magic Roundabout was a children's television show created and broadcast in 1964.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Magic Roundabout was a children's television show created and broadcast in 1964.,{ entailment } The text states that The Magic Roundabout was created in 1963. I conflated the information about the show being broadcast in 1964 with the information about it being created and fooled the system into thinking both happened in the same year. +"Consider the premise in: 'The 1984 North Dakota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1984 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota. Voters selected Democratic candidate George A. Sinner and his running mate Ruth Meiers over Republican incumbent Governor Allen I. Olson and Lieutenant Governor Ernest Sands.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The incumbent candidate George A. Sinner won his campaign for re-election in 1988' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The incumbent candidate George A. Sinner won his campaign for re-election in 1988,"{ contradiction } The context only mentions the 1984 campaign. It is possible that Sinner ran for re-election in 1988 after winning his 1984 campaign, but we do not know from the context. The system was likely confused by the dates. " +" Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average. Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has led the nation in the development of a market economy and private enterprises. Northeast Zhejiang, as part of the Yangtze Delta, is flat, more developed, and industrial. Which part of Zhejiang is part of the Yangtze Delta? ",Which part of Zhejiang is part of the Yangtze Delta?, Northeast Zhejiang +" Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/green-eyed white Hispanic and Latino Americans (who resemble Scandinavians and other Northern Europeans rather than they look like white Hispanic and Latino Americans mostly of typical Southern European features), and also light-skinned mulatto and mestizo Hispanic and Latino Americans (often deemed as white persons in U.S. Hispanic and Latino populations if achieving the middle class or higher social status), especially some of the actors on the telenovelas. What do latinos consider a light skinned mulatto to be? ",What do latinos consider a light skinned mulatto to be?, white +" After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As ""his pontifical goals"" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities. What did Paul VI want to keep open with the modern world and people from all walks of life? ",What did Paul VI want to keep open with the modern world and people from all walks of life?, a dialogue +" NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as ""measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites."" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS (""Man Portable AD Systems"": typically shoulder-launched missiles). Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced ""SAM"" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW). What does MANPADS stand for? ",What does MANPADS stand for?, Man Portable AD Systems +" Unlike the heavier guns, these smaller weapons are in widespread use due to their low cost and ability to quickly follow the target. Classic examples of autocannons and large caliber guns are the 40 mm autocannon and the 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by Bofors of Sweden. Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations. The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s. Land-based SAMs can be deployed from fixed installations or mobile launchers, either wheeled or tracked. The tracked vehicles are usually armoured vehicles specifically designed to carry SAMs. When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced? ",When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?, 1950s +" The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantinga, that faith is ""properly basic"", or to take, as does Richard Swinburne, the evidentialist position. Some theists agree that none of the arguments for God's existence are compelling, but argue that faith is not a product of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as ""the heart has reasons of which reason does not know."" A recent theory using concepts from physics and neurophysiology proposes that God can be conceptualized within the theory of integrative level. Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God? ",Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?," Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew " +" Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence. The Port-au-Prince Carnival is one of the largest in North America. It is known as Kanaval in the Creole language. It starts in January, known as ""Pre-Kanaval"", while the main carnival activities begin in February. In July 2012, Haiti had another carnival called Kanaval de Fleur. Beautiful costumes, floats, Rara parades, masks, foods, and popular rasin music (like Boukman Eksperyans, Foula Vodoule, Tokay, Boukan Ginen, Eritaj, etc.) and kompa bands (such as T-Vice, Djakout No. 1, Sweet Micky, Kreyòl La, D.P. Express, Mizik Mizik, Ram, T-Micky, Carimi, Djakout Mizik, and Scorpio Fever) play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars. An annual song competition takes place. What type of annual competition takes place during Kanavel? ",What type of annual competition takes place during Kanavel?, song +"Using the premise: 'First day of school
Yesterday was the first day of school. I was really scared because I didn't know anyone. During lunch I sat next to someone names Phillip. Me and Philip became really good friends. Now I'm not scared to go to school anymore.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Tomorrow is the last day of school' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Tomorrow is the last day of school,{ neutral } If yesterday was the first day then today can't be te last +"Based on the details provided in: 'Video The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were in Belgium to mark the centenary of the Battle of Passchendaele. This video has been optimised for mobile viewing on the BBC News app. The BBC News app is available from the Apple App Store for iPhone and Google Play Store for Android.' , determine if the claim: 'Only iPhone users can enjoy this app' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Only iPhone users can enjoy this app,{ neutral } Android users can also download the app +"Examine the premise: '""I Never Picked Cotton"" is a song made famous by country music singer Roy Clark. Written by Bobby George and Charles Williams, the song was released in 1970 as the title track to the album released that same year. The song peaked at No. 5 on the ""Billboard magazine"" Hot Country Singles chart that summer.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Billboard magazine sales were affected by the Roy Clark's song' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Billboard magazine sales were affected by the Roy Clark's song,{ entailment } Just because his song made the charts doesn't mean magazine sales were influenced. +" 48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch, and the many picturesque valleys in the region. In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft). Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located? ",Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?, Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais +"Consider the premise in: 'Anna Katharina Wienhard (born 1977) is a German mathematician whose research concerns differential geometry, and especially the use of higher Teichmüller spaces to study the deformation theory of symmetric geometric structures. She is a professor at Heidelberg University.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Anna Katharina Wienhard lectures in front of students in order to help them learn' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Anna Katharina Wienhard lectures in front of students in order to help them learn,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely correct because the statement indicates she is a professor, and professors give lectures in class. These lectures help students learn. Maybe it was difficult for the system because I used different phrases for teaching." +"Using the premise: 'How to take good college notes
Learn how your college professor teaches. For example, if your college professor tends to use powerpoint presentations but doesn't follow them word for word, it might be easier to use an outline note system instead of maybe copying the powerpoint verbatim, or using cornell notes. Consider using a specialized note-taking program.' , decide if the conclusion: 'You should learn how your high school teacher teacher to take good notes.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",You should learn how your high school teacher teacher to take good notes.,{ contradiction } The passage only talked about college not high school. There is no way to know what to do for high school. +" This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an ""armed doctrine"". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against France, but against the revolutionaries governing her. Burke said: ""It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France"". Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned? ",Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned?, France +" With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India. Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan ",Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan , King Bodawpaya +" The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006. When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq? ",When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?, 1 May 2003 +"Given the detailed context: 'NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is a NASA center, located within the cities of Brook Park and Cleveland between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Cleveland Metroparks's Rocky River Reservation, with a subsidiary facility in Sandusky, Ohio. Its director is Janet L. Kavandi.', judge whether the statement: 'NASA has a research center and airport it owns in Ohio.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",NASA has a research center and airport it owns in Ohio.,{ neutral } NASA does not own the airport in Ohio. +" An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such motors are used in devices such as food mixers and power tools which are used only intermittently, and often have high starting-torque demands. Multiple taps on the field coil provide (imprecise) stepped speed control. Household blenders that advertise many speeds frequently combine a field coil with several taps and a diode that can be inserted in series with the motor (causing the motor to run on half-wave rectified AC). Universal motors also lend themselves to electronic speed control and, as such, are an ideal choice for devices like domestic washing machines. The motor can be used to agitate the drum (both forwards and in reverse) by switching the field winding with respect to the armature. When is torque most important in universal motor applications? ",When is torque most important in universal motor applications?, starting +" Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada have each indicated the most common reason for drinking among adolescents to relate to pleasure and recreation; 80% of Argentinian teens reported drinking for enjoyment, while only 7% drank to improve a bad mood. The most prevalent answers among Canadian adolescents were to ""get in a party mood,"" 18%; ""because I enjoy it,"" 16%; and ""to get drunk,"" 10%. In Hong Kong, female participants most frequently reported drinking for social enjoyment, while males most frequently reported drinking to feel the effects of alcohol. What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood? ",What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood?, 7% +"Examine the information in 'Miroslav Ondříček was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Prague, Czech Republic). He studied filmmaking at the Barrandov Studio Training School and began making movies during the Czech New Wave. His first feature film work was on Miloš Forman's ""Talent Competition"". He continued his long working relationship with Forman in the US on such films as ""Hair"", ""Ragtime"" and ""Amadeus"".' Is the statement: 'Miroslav Ondříček's first feature film was Hair' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Miroslav Ondříček's first feature film was Hair,{ entailment } Miroslav Ondříček's first feature film was Talent Competition. +" Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive playback option would be the digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks. The reason for this is the RF signal needs to bypass the audio circuitry in order to be properly processed by the demodulator. If either the player did not support digital audio tracks (common in older players), or the disc did not include digital audio tracks at all (uncommon for a disc which is mastered with an AC-3 track), the only remaining option was to fall back to a monophonic presentation of the left analog audio track. However, many older analog-only players not only failed to output AC-3 streams correctly, but were not even aware of their potential existence. Such a player will happily play the analog audio tracks verbatim, resulting in garbage (static) output in the right channel. What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? ",What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present?, digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks +" Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat. Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007. How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma? ",How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?, six +"Given the detailed context: 'Hans Jürgen Kürsch, better known as Hansi Kürsch (born 10 August 1966 in Lank-Latum/Meerbusch, Germany), is a German musician best known for being the co-founder, lead vocalist, co-composer, and lyricist of power metal band Blind Guardian. He was also the bassist in Blind Guardian until the 1998 album ""Nightfall in Middle-Earth"". He also provides lead vocals for the band Demons and Wizards.', judge whether the statement: 'The lead vocalist and former bass player of Blind Guardian is a founding member or a band that has uses the word wizards in it's name.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The lead vocalist and former bass player of Blind Guardian is a founding member or a band that has uses the word wizards in it's name.,{ entailment } Hansi Kursch is the co founder of Blind Guardian and the lead vocalist of Demons and Wizards. There's no mention of who started Demons and Wizards in the snippet I read so he may or may not have been a founding member of both bands. +"With the premise: '""Kiss and Tell"" is a song by Bryan Ferry, the erstwhile lead vocalist for Roxy Music. It was released as the second single from his seventh album ""Bête Noire"" in early 1988, being Ferry's twenty-sixth single. The song peaked at number 41 on the UK Singles Chart and at number 31 on the US Billboard 100. It also appears in the film ""Bright Lights, Big City"", adapted from the Jay McInerney novel.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Bryan Ferry is the lead vocalist for Roxy Music' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Bryan Ferry is the lead vocalist for Roxy Music,{ contradiction } It states that Bryan Ferry is the lead vocalist for Roxy Music +"Consider the premise in: 'Resil B. Mojares is a Filipino ambassador, historian, and critic of Philippine literature. He has a Ph.D. in Literature from the University of the Philippines, Diliman. A retired Professor at the University of San Carlos (USC) in Cebu City, he was a founding director (1975–96) of USC's Cebuano Studies Center, a pioneering local studies center in the Philippines.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Resil B. Mojares lived in Cebu City in the Philippines.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Resil B. Mojares lived in Cebu City in the Philippines.,"{ entailment } We don't know were he lived when he worked in Cebu City, he could have been a commuter. This was difficult for the system because it does not believe in commuting or understand the concept that most people don't live were they work." +" On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of ""Nihil novi nisi commune consensu"" (Latin: ""I accept nothing new except by common consent""). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run ""Commonwealth"". Who granted the act Act of ""Nihil novi nisi commune consensu""? ","Who granted the act Act of ""Nihil novi nisi commune consensu""?", King Alexander I Jagiellon +" A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit. Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications. What is a multi-point control unit? ",What is a multi-point control unit?, call management system +" The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed. The thesis of Copernicus' book was that the Earth moved around the Sun. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton, representative of the unprecedented growth of scientific publications throughout Europe. What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687? ",What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica +" By the end of the 12th century, samurai became almost entirely synonymous with bushi, and the word was closely associated with the middle and upper echelons of the warrior class. The samurai were usually associated with a clan and their lord, were trained as officers in military tactics and grand strategy, and they followed a set of rules that later came to be known as the bushidō. While the samurai numbered less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts. Where do samurais' teachings live on? ",Where do samurais' teachings live on?, everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts +" At low frequencies (such as AM broadcast), arrays of vertical towers are used to achieve directionality and they will occupy large areas of land. For reception, a long Beverage antenna can have significant directivity. For non directional portable use, a short vertical antenna or small loop antenna works well, with the main design challenge being that of impedance matching. With a vertical antenna a loading coil at the base of the antenna may be employed to cancel the reactive component of impedance; small loop antennas are tuned with parallel capacitors for this purpose. Why is this specific antenna type used? ",Why is this specific antenna type used?, achieve directionality +" Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/. Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what? ",Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what?, /d/ +"Given the premise: 'Elizabeth City State University (ECSU) is a public, historically black college located in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, in the United States. ECSU, which enrolls nearly 2,500 students in 37 baccalaureate programs and three master's degree programs, is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, as well as a member-institution of the University of North Carolina system.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Elizabeth City State University enrolls over 2500 students' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Elizabeth City State University enrolls over 2500 students,{ entailment } they nearly have that many students but not over +"Given the detailed context: 'Serial Killers Ink is a website dedicated to selling ""murderabilia"" (collectibles related to murders, murderers or other violent crimes) and serial killer art, interviewing convicted serial killers and also serves as a meeting place for those interested or involved in the murderabilia industry.', judge whether the statement: 'Convicted serial killers are interested in the murderabilia industry.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Convicted serial killers are interested in the murderabilia industry.,"{ entailment } The opinions of convicted serial killers are unknown based on the prompt, leaving the statement neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. The system probably associated the word interested with serial killers while not necessarily caring about how the word interested is used in the response." +"Given the premise: 'The group, along with a broad coalition of disarmament, environmental, peace, and religious organizations, expects the boycott to put pressure on French companies to exert their economic influence and encourage Chirac to end all nuclear weapons testing.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The group tried to change the country.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The group tried to change the country.,{ neutral } It was protesting. +"From the facts presented in 'Studia Mathematica is a Polish mathematics journal published since 1929. It was founded by Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus. It accepts papers written in English, French, German, or Russian, primarily in functional analysis and related areas such as probability theory.' , decide if the statement: 'Studia Mathematica accepts papers written in English, French, German, or Russian but in fact, was a Russian language magazine by Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Studia Mathematica accepts papers written in English, French, German, or Russian but in fact, was a Russian language magazine by Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus.","{ neutral } Papers are written in English, French, German, or Russian, primarily covering functional analysis, abstract methods of mathematical analysis, and probability theory not only Russian." +" Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18. The freshman year of college influences identity development significantly, but may actually prolong psychosocial moratorium by encouraging reexamination of previous commitments and further exploration of alternate possibilities without encouraging resolution. For the most part, evidence has supported Erikson's stages: each correlates with the personality traits he originally predicted. Studies also confirm the impermanence of the stages; there is no final endpoint in identity development. Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development? ",Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development?, Erikson +" In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime ""to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals,"" or ""to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches"" this theory in any school or university that received public funds. The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated ""the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group."" The court held that the Establishment Clause prohibits the state from advancing any religion, and that ""[T]he state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them."" What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to? ",What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to?, an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof +"With the given context: 'How to know if you have lipoma
Look for a small bump under the skin. Lipoma is generally dome-shaped and can range in size; generally, it is between the size of a pea and roughly three centimeters in length. They have been seen in areas such as the back having grown much larger.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Lipomas are often smaller than peas.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Lipomas are often smaller than peas.,"{ entailment } This is false, peas are generally the smaller limit for size of lipomas." +" Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independence while preserving a caring relationship with his or her parents. When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent–child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond. Arguments often concern minor issues of control, such as curfew, acceptable clothing, and the adolescent's right to privacy, which adolescents may have previously viewed as issues over which their parents had complete authority. Parent-adolescent disagreement also increases as friends demonstrate a greater impact on one another, new influences on the adolescent that may be in opposition to parents' values. Social media has also played an increasing role in adolescent and parent disagreements. While parents never had to worry about the threats of social media in the past, it has become a dangerous place for children. While adolescents strive for their freedoms, the unknowns to parents of what their child is doing on social media sites is a challenging subject, due to the increasing amount of predators on social media sites. Many parents have very little knowledge of social networking sites in the first place and this further increases their mistrust. An important challenge for the parent–adolescent relationship is to understand how to enhance the opportunities of online communication while managing its risks. Although conflicts between children and parents increase during adolescence, these are just relatively minor issues. Regarding their important life issues, most adolescents still share the same attitudes and values as their parents. During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond? ",During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?, puberty +"With the given context: 'He is the professor of theater and drama at Loyola University and the director of Wilson's ""Two Trains Running,"" now onstage at Pegasus Players.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'He has directed two plays.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",He has directed two plays.,{ entailment } The context only talks about one play he has directed and doesn't say if he has directed any other plays. +" Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems. Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface? ",Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface?, individual seat-back displays +"Analyze the premise: 'Qingtongxia () literally, ""Bronze Gorge"" is a city in the province of Ningxia in the north of China. Administratively, Qingtongxia is a county-level city within the prefecture-level city of Wuzhong. It is located on the left (northwestern) bank of the Yellow River, opposite and a bit upstream of Wuzhong main urban area.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Qingtongxia is located northwest of the Yellow River.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Qingtongxia is located northwest of the Yellow River.,{ contradiction } The text states that it is on the northwestern bank of the Yellow River. +"Examine the information in 'How to make bacon frosting
Cream the butter and sugar. In a medium-sized bowl, cream the butter and powdered sugar using an electric or hand blender on high speed for about two minutes. Cream until it's light, fluffy, and fully blended.' Is the statement: 'The frosting will be chunky.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The frosting will be chunky.,{ neutral } The frosting is well blended. +"From the facts presented in 'Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián (Quetzaltenango, 17 January 1845–Mexico City, 15 March 1907) was a Guatemalan general and acting president of Guatemala from 6 April 1885 to 15 March 1886 and President from 16 March 1886 to 15 March 1892. He was born in Quetzaltenango, and assassinated (at the behest of his enemy Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala at the time) in Mexico City in 1907.' , decide if the statement: 'Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián was a Guatemalan colonel and acting president of Guatemala from 6 April 1885 to 15 March 1886 and President from 16 March 1886 to 15 March 1892.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián was a Guatemalan colonel and acting president of Guatemala from 6 April 1885 to 15 March 1886 and President from 16 March 1886 to 15 March 1892.,{ entailment } Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián was a Guatemalan general not a colonel. I thought mixing the rank would throw it off. +"Given the premise: 'Rachel Renee Smith (born April 18, 1985) is an American actress, TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the Miss USA 2007 and who previously had competed in the Miss Teen USA 2002 pageant. She represented the United States at Miss Universe 2007 and placed 4th runner-up.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Rachel Smith is 4th Runner up' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Rachel Smith is 4th Runner up,{ neutral } It fooled the system because it was a broad statement. +" On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh. In 1849 the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. In 1849, what railroad was created? ","In 1849, what railroad was created?", North Carolina Railroad +" The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers. There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy. The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji, a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan who was determined to establish Hindavi Swarajya. Sir J.N. Sarkar described Shivaji as ""the last great constructive genius and nation builder that the Hindu race has produced"". However, the credit for making the Marathas formidable power nationally goes to Peshwa Bajirao I. Historian K.K. Datta wrote about Bajirao I: What did J.N. Sarkar say of Shivaji's nation building? ",What did J.N. Sarkar say of Shivaji's nation building?, great constructive genius +"Based on the details provided in: 'A senior Russian politician has hailed a decision by Uzbekistan to shut down a United States military base there, although Moscow officially denies that it is applying pressure on Central Asian states to expel American forces.' , determine if the claim: 'The Russian Politician is a senior citizen' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Russian Politician is a senior citizen,"{ entailment } We don't know if they're old or not. They are a senior politician in terms of how long they've been serving, but we don't know about their age" +"Examine the information in 'Lisa Picard is Famous, also known as Famous, is a 2000 comedy-drama film directed by Griffin Dunne and written by Nat DeWolf & Laura Kirk. The film stars Kirk, DeWolf, Dunne, Daniel London, and a large number of famous actors in cameos as themselves.' Is the statement: 'Griffin Dunne has directed horror films.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Griffin Dunne has directed horror films.,{ contradiction } It's possible he has directed horror films but equally possible he has not. I think the system found it difficult as he directed a comedy-drama and the category of horror threw it off. +" If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway. It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area. Helicopters and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) usually recover by coming abreast the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear. What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from? ",What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?, the launch area +" On 30 October 2009, May wrote a fanclub letter on his website stating that Queen had no intentions to tour in 2010 but that there was a possibility of a performance. He was quoted as saying, ""The greatest debate, though, is always about when we will next play together as Queen. At the moment, in spite of the many rumours that are out there, we do not have plans to tour in 2010. The good news, though, is that Roger and I have a much closer mutual understanding these days—privately and professionally ... and all ideas are carefully considered. Music is never far away from us. As I write, there is an important one-off performance on offer, in the USA, and it remains to be decided whether we will take up this particular challenge. Every day, doors seem to open, and every day, we interact, perhaps more than ever before, with the world outside. It is a time of exciting transition in Rock music and in 'The Business'. It's good that the pulse still beats"". On 15 November 2009, May and Taylor performed ""Bohemian Rhapsody"" live on the British TV show The X Factor alongside the finalists. Which country had made an offer to Queen for a one off performance in 2010? ",Which country had made an offer to Queen for a one off performance in 2010?, USA +"Examine the information in 'KALAMAZOO, MI -- A water main break has caused a Kalamazoo street to be closed Friday, Jan. 12. Solon Street between West Main Street and Santos Avenue is closed, according to a news release from the city. Motorists should seek an alternate route. A detour has been posted. Boil water advisory for East Cork and Harvard Streets in Kalamazoo' Is the statement: 'a kalamazoo street is closed thursday jan. 11th' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",a kalamazoo street is closed thursday jan. 11th,{ neutral } this is definitely incorrect because it says it closed on the 12th +"From the facts presented in 'Dyllan McGee is a documentary filmmaker and founder of McGee Media. In partnership with Peter Kunhardt, McGee produced ""Gloria: In Her Own Words” (HBO), “Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.” (PBS), ""MAKERS: Women Who Make America” and many more. McGee is the Founder and Executive Producer of AOL’s MAKERS.' , decide if the statement: 'Dyllan McGee produced something that appeared on Showtime.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Dyllan McGee produced something that appeared on Showtime.,"{ contradiction } I made a claim that was unsupported by the text, but sounded similar to what was there." +" The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records stated: ""No female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world"". In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing ""creative differences"" with director Wes Craven. She recorded the single ""Beautiful Stranger"" for the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me. It reached number 19 on the Hot 100 solely on radio airplay. Madonna won a Grammy Award for ""Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media"". Who was the director of Music of the Heart? ",Who was the director of Music of the Heart?, Wes Craven +" Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834. What did King George IV originally want the structure to be? ",What did King George IV originally want the structure to be?," a small, comfortable home " +" In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to ""focus on the rescue and relief work"" following the Sichuan earthquake. The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008? ",The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008?, Paralympic Games +" When multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population it is called polymorphic. Most different alleles are functionally equivalent, however some alleles can give rise to different phenotypic traits. A gene's most common allele is called the wild type, and rare alleles are called mutants. The genetic variation in relative frequencies of different alleles in a population is due to both natural selection and genetic drift. The wild-type allele is not necessarily the ancestor of less common alleles, nor is it necessarily fitter. What is it called when multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population? ",What is it called when multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population?, polymorphic +"Given the context: 'Let us harness our wealth of wisdom and our desire for truth to work on how to get our marginalized citizens a security of livelihood, the young an opportunity to transform their education into a production mode, and the people of our coastal communities into the dignity of earning their daily bread.' , classify the statement: 'the speaker is socially progressive caring about the needs of others' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",the speaker is socially progressive caring about the needs of others,{ neutral } The speaker's actions clearly show off her kindness and awareness of the issues faced by society making my statement correct. The model was probably thrown off by the vague wording of my statement +"Using the premise: 'Giovanni Aldini (April 10, 1762 – January 17, 1834), was an Italian physicist born in Bologna. He was a brother of the statesman Count Antonio Aldini (1756–1826) and nephew of Luigi Galvani, whose treaties on muscular electricity he edited with notes in 1791.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Giovanni Aldini was from a country shaped like a boot' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Giovanni Aldini was from a country shaped like a boot,{ contradiction } system does not know that italy is commonly known to be shaped like a boot +"From the facts presented in 'Well, I have no idea. I mean, he can throw out all kinds -- I don't know the particulars of this law. I will tell you I'm the kind of person, I don't hire or fire somebody based upon their sexual orientation. As a matter of fact, I would like to take the issue a little further. I don't really think it's any of my -- you know, any of my concerns what -- how you conduct your sex life. And I think that's a private matter. And I think that's the way it ought to be. But I'm going to be respectful for people, I'll tolerate people, and I support equal rights but not special rights for people.' , decide if the statement: 'someone was confused at one point' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",someone was confused at one point,"{ neutral } mentioned he ""had no idea"" = confused" +"From the information in: 'Jacques Santer succeeded Jacques Delors as president of the European Commission in 1995, the second Luxembourger to hold this high office.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'There were only two people from this country with this office.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There were only two people from this country with this office.,{ neutral } This is true. +" Gautama first went to study with famous religious teachers of the day, and mastered the meditative attainments they taught. But he found that they did not provide a permanent end to suffering, so he continued his quest. He next attempted an extreme asceticism, which was a religious pursuit common among the śramaṇas, a religious culture distinct from the Vedic one. Gautama underwent prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain. He almost starved himself to death in the process. He realized that he had taken this kind of practice to its limit, and had not put an end to suffering. So in a pivotal moment he accepted milk and rice from a village girl and changed his approach. He devoted himself to anapanasati meditation, through which he discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way (Skt. madhyamā-pratipad): a path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[web 2][web 3] Gautama didn't like the religious teaching he initially found because of why? ",Gautama didn't like the religious teaching he initially found because of why?, they did not provide a permanent end to suffering +"Examine the premise: 'Why -- I mean, I think you have a point on this equity principle. I wonder, is there any review there? That is, suppose you have a statute, as this one arguably is, where 99.9 percent, many billions of dollars of benefits, are going to the existing holders of copyright on grounds of equity, and the effect of the statute in eliciting new works is near zero. I mean, that would seem -- where this equity idea is the camel and the production idea is the gnat, and is there any -- can we say something like that, or does Congress have total leeway in respect to --' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The speaker did not use the gnat to represent equity because they needed an animal that stores fat.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The speaker did not use the gnat to represent equity because they needed an animal that stores fat.,"{ contradiction } The speaker could have used the camel to represent equity because a camel stores fat like equity stores value, but the speaker did not explain themselves so we don't know for sure what they were thinking." +" According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, ""the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death."" In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, ""It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could.""[dubious – discuss] Karen Armstrong wrote a biography on who? ",Karen Armstrong wrote a biography on who?, the Buddha +" The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, ""Through the Wire"" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. ""Slow Jamz"", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. ""Jesus Walks"", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound. What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at? ",What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at?, 2 +" In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole. How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007? ",How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007?," 120,305 " +" Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation. Instead of a visible church, what did Protestants believe there was? ","Instead of a visible church, what did Protestants believe there was?"," a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church " +" The road to Yorktown and America's independence from Great Britain led through North Carolina. As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them. Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles Cornwallis across the heartland of North Carolina, and away from the latter's base of supply in Charleston, South Carolina. This campaign is known as ""The Race to the Dan"" or ""The Race for the River."" What is another name for the race to the Dan? ",What is another name for the race to the Dan?, The Race for the River +" NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China. Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite? ",Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?, Surrey Space Technology Limited +" Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable were a danger to any aircraft that tried to fly among them. Secondly, to avoid the balloons, bombers had to fly at a higher altitude, which was more favorable for the guns. Barrage balloons were limited in application, and had minimal success at bringing down aircraft, being largely immobile and passive defences. What kind of success did barrage balloons have as far as bringing down aircraft? ",What kind of success did barrage balloons have as far as bringing down aircraft?, minimal +"Consider the premise in: 'Mindless Self Indulgence (often shortened to MSI) is an American electropunk band formed in New York City in 1997. Their music has a mixed style which includes punk rock, alternative rock, electronica, techno, industrial, hip hop and breakbeat hardcore. Their group name is derived from an Ayn Rand quote found in the book ""Atlas Shrugged"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'MSI was formed just after the turn of the century.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",MSI was formed just after the turn of the century.,{ neutral } The band was formed just before the turn of the century. It's difficult because I used terms different from the info. +" The popular sports in Tuvalu include kilikiti, Ano, football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations for athletics, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, football, basketball, rugby union, weightlifting and powerlifting. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.) In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division. In what contests did Lapua win metals for Tuvalu? ",In what contests did Lapua win metals for Tuvalu?, weightlifting +" Paris' most popular sport clubs are the association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris. What was the State de France built for? ",What was the State de France built for?, 1998 FIFA World Cup +"From the information in: 'Dionysos is an opera by Wolfgang Rihm based on Friedrich Nietzsche's ""Dionysian-Dithyrambs"". The composer wrote the libretto and subtitled his work: ""Opernphantasie nach Texten von Friedrich Nietzsche / Szenen und Dithyramben"" (""Operatic fantasy after texts by Friedrich Nietzsche / Scenes and dithyrambs). It premiered at the Salzburg Festival on 27 July 2010.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '27th July 2010 is the day Wolfgang Rihm died' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",27th July 2010 is the day Wolfgang Rihm died,"{ contradiction } We don't know when Wolfgang Rihm died, or if he is still alive so neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Catch the Thief
The police were trying to catch a neighborhood thief. They decided to stake-out the entire area that night. They didn't catch the thief so decided to continue the stake-out. Four nights later they saw the thief. All the police officers rushed to grab the guy and they caught him.' . Does the hypothesis: 'They staked him out on either a Monday or a Tuesday.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",They staked him out on either a Monday or a Tuesday.,"{ entailment } If they started the stakeout on a Wednesday, then four days later would have been a Sunday and they wouldn't have been doing it on a Mon or Tuesday. However they might have been. There is no way to know. " +"Consider the premise in: 'Instead of talking about replacement workers, maybe we should be talking about replacing the dispute settlement mechanism in the labour code so that we actually have something that means Canadians will be able to keep their jobs and there will be a reasonable, viable alternative to going out on strike.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'we want to replace workers' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",we want to replace workers,{ entailment } they do not want to replace workers +" In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that information is maintained over short periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval of information that has been stored. Such information must be located and returned to the consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons. What happens to information during the encoding process? ",What happens to information during the encoding process?, g allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. +" Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough, a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France (S.A.R. le comte d'Artois), dated 23 October, requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government. Burke was forced to reply on 6 November: ""I am not in His Majesty's Service; or at all consulted in his Affairs"". Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France, begun in October, where he said: ""I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France, one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners. La Vendée is a proof of this"". What did Burke see as proof of the importance of French royalists? ",What did Burke see as proof of the importance of French royalists?, La Vendée +"Consider the premise in: 'WASHINGTON -- A newly declassified narrative of the Bush administration's advice to the CIA on harsh interrogations shows that the small group of Justice Department lawyers who wrote memos authorizing controversial interrogation techniques were operating not on their own but with direction from top administration officials, including then-Vice President Dick Cheney and national security adviser Condoleezza Rice. At the same time, the narrative suggests that then-Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and then-Secretary of State Colin Powell were largely left out of the decision-making process.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'the Bush administration's advice to the CIA on harsh interrogations used to be secret information' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",the Bush administration's advice to the CIA on harsh interrogations used to be secret information,{ neutral } the Bush administration's advice to the CIA on harsh interrogations was previously classified +" Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination in schools and businesses for many years and this discrimination produced unfair advantages for whites and males in education and employment. The impetus toward affirmative action is redressing the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve. Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women? ",Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?, racial minorities +"Given the premise: 'Dracaena aurea, the golden hala pepe, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to the island of Kauaʻ i in Hawaii. It inhabits coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 120 – . It is a small evergreen tree, usually 4.6 - tall, but sometimes reaches 12 m . The gray, straight trunk does not have bark and is 0.3 - in diameter. The sword-shaped leaves are 20 - long and 1 - wide.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Dracaena aurea goes to college' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Dracaena aurea goes to college,{ neutral } The system isn’t as smart as a human +" The French crown's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309. When the Pope returned to Rome in 1377, this led to the election of different popes in Avignon and Rome, resulting in the Papal Schism (1378–1417). The Schism divided Europe along political lines; while France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms supported the Avignon Papacy, France's enemy England stood behind the Pope in Rome, together with Portugal, Scandinavia and most of the German princes. In what year did the Pope return to Rome from Avignon? ",In what year did the Pope return to Rome from Avignon?, 1377 +" The radiation of many antennas shows a pattern of maxima or ""lobes"" at various angles, separated by ""nulls"", angles where the radiation falls to zero. This is because the radio waves emitted by different parts of the antenna typically interfere, causing maxima at angles where the radio waves arrive at distant points in phase, and zero radiation at other angles where the radio waves arrive out of phase. In a directional antenna designed to project radio waves in a particular direction, the lobe in that direction is designed larger than the others and is called the ""main lobe"". The other lobes usually represent unwanted radiation and are called ""sidelobes"". The axis through the main lobe is called the ""principal axis"" or ""boresight axis"". What is the term that refers to areas where an antennas radiation is zero? ",What is the term that refers to areas where an antennas radiation is zero? , nulls +"Examine the premise: 'Geez Montana, just kill that Autumn feeling. The dating app Hater, which matches users based on the things they hate, has compiled all of their data to create a map of the foods everyone hates. Well the foods each state hates the most of. Since February, more than 600,000 users have swiped on the app's 3,000 topics over 100 million times, a spokesman told HuffPost. Is it a surprise that people here in Texas hate a well done steak? Check out the map below to see what food every state hates the most, how Michigan hates cold pizza i don’t understand.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Hater is an app designed for foodies in relationships' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Hater is an app designed for foodies in relationships,{ neutral } It is a dating app so not particularly designed for people in relationships +" The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers. In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? ",In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?, 3rd century +" Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives. The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a ""Birthday Suit Girl"" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun. A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist. A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content. This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971. When was the library ban reversed? ",When was the library ban reversed?, 1971 +" However, during this period, major figures and artists in the scene began leaning away from underground aesthetics. In the music press, the increasingly esoteric writing of post-punk publications soon began to alienate their readerships; it is estimated that within several years, NME suffered the loss of half its circulation. Writers like Paul Morley began advocating ""overground brightness"" instead of the experimental sensibilities promoted in early years. Morley's own musical collaboration with engineer Gary Langan and programmer J. J. Jeczalik, the Art of Noise, would attempt to bring sampled and electronic sounds to the pop mainstream. A variety of more pop-oriented groups, including ABC, the Associates, Adam and the Ants and Bow Wow Wow (the latter two managed by former Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren) emerged in tandem with the development of the New Romantic subcultural scene. Emphasizing glamour, fashion, and escapism in distinction to the experimental seriousness of earlier post-punk groups, the club-oriented scene drew some suspicion from denizens of the movement. Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion? ","Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion?", New Romantic +" Another Alaskan transportation method is the dogsled. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog mushing is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anchorage to Nome (although the distance varies from year to year, the official distance is set at 1,049 miles or 1,688 km). The race commemorates the famous 1925 serum run to Nome in which mushers and dogs like Togo and Balto took much-needed medicine to the diphtheria-stricken community of Nome when all other means of transportation had failed. Mushers from all over the world come to Anchorage each March to compete for cash, prizes, and prestige. The ""Serum Run"" is another sled dog race that more accurately follows the route of the famous 1925 relay, leaving from the community of Nenana (southwest of Fairbanks) to Nome. Which dogsled race most accurately follows the route of the 1925 serum run? ",Which dogsled race most accurately follows the route of the 1925 serum run?," ""Serum Run"" " +"Analyze the premise: 'Japanese Devils (or Riben Guizi 日本鬼子 ) is a Japanese documentary about the war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army between 1931 and 1945. The documentary is a series of interviews with 14 Japanese veterans of the Second Sino-Japanese War who recount rape, massacres, bio-experiments, and cannibalism. The accuracy of these interviews is contested by Japanese nationalist critics.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Japanese Devils is not in English.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Japanese Devils is not in English.,"{ entailment } Japanese Devils is Japanese, but there's no mention of whether it is translated into English. The system can't see what language it is in." +" In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents. What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with? ",What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with?, ecclesiastical buildings +"Analyze the premise: 'How to recover from food poisoning fast
Drink plenty of liquids and fluids. If you're experiencing frequent vomiting and diarrhea, your body will quickly lose fluids which will result in dehydration. Drink as much liquid as you can to replace lost fluids.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'You will lose more fluid than you can drink' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You will lose more fluid than you can drink,{ contradiction } It depends on how much you lose and how much you drink +" Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%). How much of Nigeria's female population can read? ",How much of Nigeria's female population can read?, 60.6% +"With the given context: 'Jeffrey Orlando Hunter (born April 12, 1966) is a former American football defensive lineman. In a career lasting almost a decade, he played five seasons for four different teams in the National Football League, as well as in the Canadian Football League and the World League of American Football. Hunter played college football at Albany State University in Albany, Georgia.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Jeffrey Orlando Hunter played more seasons in the NFL than he did teams.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Jeffrey Orlando Hunter played more seasons in the NFL than he did teams.,{ neutral } I abstracted the content and made a relative comparison. +" Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia. What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868? ",What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868?, the Meiji Restoration +"From the facts presented in 'Watch Australia's Kristen Beams bowl an embarrassing no-ball before India's Harmanpreet Kaur smashes the free hit for six during their Women's World Cup semi-final at Derby. Follow live text commentary, in-play clips and TMS Available to UK users only.' , decide if the statement: 'The performance was terrible.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The performance was terrible.,{ neutral } It says the performance was an embarrasment. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Feel the burn
Bernie Sanders wanted to be president. Bernie Sanders had great ideas. But the people did not believe Bernie's ideas could be pulled off. So the people voted for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Now America is screwed!' , determine if the claim: 'Hillary Clinton won the presidential campaign.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hillary Clinton won the presidential campaign.,"{ entailment } Anyone not segregated from society for the past three years up until now knows that it was Donald Trump who became president, and I'm not even American or someone that keeps up with the news - therefore, my statement is definitely incorrect. I think the system had difficulty because it does not understand that there is a difference between being elected to represent a party, and being elected to represent a nation." +" Royal assent is the final stage in the legislative process for acts of the Scottish parliament. The process is governed by sections 28, 32, and 33 of the Scotland Act 1998. After a bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament submits it to the monarch for royal assent after a four-week period, during which the Advocate General for Scotland, the Lord Advocate, the Attorney General or the Secretary of State for Scotland may refer the bill to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (prior to 1 October 2009, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) for review of its legality. Royal assent is signified by letters patent under the Great Seal of Scotland in the following form which is set out in The Scottish Parliament (Letters Patent and Proclamations) Order 1999 (SI 1999/737) and of which notice is published in the London, Edinburgh, and Belfast Gazettes: For what would a bill be submitted to the Supreme Court of Scotland? ",For what would a bill be submitted to the Supreme Court of Scotland?, review of its legality +"Examine the premise: 'Kirk Johnson (born 1960) is an American scientist, author, curator, and museum administrator, and is currently serving as Director of Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Dr. Johnson is the host of the PBS Nova series, ""Making North America"", which is a three-part series that describes the shaping of North America, which aired on November 4, 11 and 18, 2015.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Johnson hosted Making North America when he turned 50.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Johnson hosted Making North America when he turned 50.,"{ neutral } Johnson was born in 1960 and hosted Making North America in 2015, so he was 55, not 50. Maybe the system can't do math or doesn't know what 'turning 50' means." +" The Human Development Index report of 2005 shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high). Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189) and Coyoacán (5th nationally) with a HDI value of (.9169). Cuajimalpa, Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco had very high values; respectively .8994 (15th nationally),.8922 (23rd) and .8915 (25th). What borough was the second highest HDI score? ",What borough was the second highest HDI score?, Miguel Hidalgo +"Based on the details provided in: 'More important, among those Canadian industries that seek protection under this act and certainly other Canadian stakeholders that may be adversely affected by the application of duties are organizations like the steel producers and, if someone looks downstream, the auto parts manufacturers as well.' , determine if the claim: 'Canadian auto part manufacturers want the same protections as steel producers.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Canadian auto part manufacturers want the same protections as steel producers.,{ neutral } The system has trouble when you lump categories together possibly. By saying they want the same protections when they both want the act passed. +"Analyze the premise: 'Video games
Andrew knew his son loved video games. So for his son's birthday he bought him video games. It was delivered to his house. So Andrew wrapped it. Then gave it to his son.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Andrew likes video games.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Andrew likes video games.,"{ entailment } Andrew may or may not like video games, all we know is that his son loves them." +"Examine the premise: 'West Georgia Regional Airport (ICAO: KCTJ, FAA LID: CTJ) , also known as O. V. Gray Field, is a public use airport located five nautical miles (9 km) northwest of the central business district of Carrollton, in Carroll County, Georgia, United States. It is owned by the West Georgia Airport Authority.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'O. V. Gray Field is the more commonly used name of West Georgia Regional Airport.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",O. V. Gray Field is the more commonly used name of West Georgia Regional Airport.,"{ entailment } We only know that it goes by either name, we don't know which ids more common and the system must have had trouble with not understanding that neither name was specified as more common." +"Examine the premise: 'Phacelia egena is a species of phacelia known by the common name Kaweah River phacelia. It is native to much of California, from the Transverse Ranges to the northern mountains and into Oregon; it also occurs in Arizona. It grows in many types of habitat.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Phacelia egena is the only species of phacelia' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Phacelia egena is the only species of phacelia,"{ neutral } Is one of a species of phacelia, there would be no classification or group of species if that was the case" +"Analyze the premise: 'How to cook bell peppers
Use bell peppers when in season. They are at their best when in season locally. Outside of season they have to be imported or grown in greenhouses, which makes them more expensive and they are often not as fresh as during the summer months.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Bell peppers are typically grown in greenhouses in the summer.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bell peppers are typically grown in greenhouses in the summer.,"{ neutral } It is implied that peppers are grown in greenhouses out of season, not in summer, since ""Outside of season they have to be imported or grown in greenhouses,... and they are often not as fresh as during the summer months."" The algorithm didn't make this connection." +"From the facts presented in 'Islands in the Stream is a 1977 American drama film, an adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same name. The film was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and starred George C. Scott, Hart Bochner, Claire Bloom, Gilbert Roland, and David Hemmings.' , decide if the statement: 'Islands in the Stream is a 19777 American drama film' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Islands in the Stream is a 19777 American drama film,{ entailment } It is stated that Islands in the Stream is a 1977 American drama film but I stated that Islands in the Stream is a 19777 American drama film. I think this was difficult for the system because there was just an extra 7 in the sentence. +"From the facts presented in 'Citrix Systems, Inc. is an American multinational software company that provides server, application and desktop virtualization, networking, software as a service (SaaS), and cloud computing technologies. It was founded in Richardson, Texas in 1989 by Ed Iacobucci, who served as chairman until his departure in 2000.' , decide if the statement: 'Ed Iacobucci is chairman of Citrix Systems, Inc.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Ed Iacobucci is chairman of Citrix Systems, Inc.","{ entailment } Iacobucci left Citrix Systems in 2000, almost two decades ago. The system understood that Iacobucci founded the company, but did not understand the part about his departure, which is phrased in a dependent clause that may be more difficult for algorithms to understand." +" Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving. What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers? ",What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?, totem poles +"From the information in: 'Mounira El Mahdeya (born Zakiyya Hassan) (Arabic: منيرة المهدية‎ ‎ ) was an Egyptian singer born in 1885 in Alexandria; she died in 1965. The singer, better known under the nickname of ""Sultana of the song"" or ""The Sultana"", was considered to be the leading Egyptian singer between the two wars.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Mounira El Mahdeya was born and died in Alexandria' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mounira El Mahdeya was born and died in Alexandria,{ entailment } unclear where she died +"Given the detailed context: 'Melbourne Heart FC Futsal was a futsal club based in Melbourne, Victoria, founded in 2012. They played in the F-League, the top tier of Australian Futsal. The club was disbanded before the start of the 2014 season after the A-League team were bought by Manchester City FC.', judge whether the statement: 'Melbourne Heart FC Futsal was founded after the 2000 Olympics.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Melbourne Heart FC Futsal was founded after the 2000 Olympics.,"{ contradiction } The text said Melbourne Heart FC Futsal was founded in 2012 which was after the 2000 Olympics. I think this was difficult because the Olympics was introduced in the response, but not part of the original text." +" The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts takes place most years in Pilton, near Shepton Mallet, attracting over 170,000 music and culture lovers from around the world to see world-famous entertainers. The Big Green Gathering which grew out of the Green fields at the Glastonbury Festival is held in the Mendip Hills between Charterhouse and Compton Martin each summer. The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county; others include the Frome Festival and the Trowbridge Village Pump Festival, which, despite its name, is held at Farleigh Hungerford in Somerset. The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn, forming a major regional festival, and the largest Festival of Lights in Europe. who holds a literature festival each summer ",who holds a literature festival each summer , The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county +"From the information in: 'Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Canelo Álvarez, billed as ""The One"", was a boxing light middleweight championship superfight. The bout was held on September 14, 2013, in the MGM Grand Garden Arena, at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on Showtime PPV. Mayweather received $41.5 million for this fight before taking into account pay-per-view sales.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Mayweather received over $50 million for the boxing title win.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mayweather received over $50 million for the boxing title win.,{ entailment } We have no information on total salary. +"With the given context: 'How to turn down a drink
Say no directly. If someone offers you alcohol, the best and easiest response is a simple, "" no, thanks. "" oftentimes people will not push you for a reason and respect your choices.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Alcoholics can turn down a drink.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Alcoholics can turn down a drink.,{ entailment } Some alcoholics have the willpower to turn down a drink. Some do not. That is why they are called alcoholics. +" Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially defined and morally inferior. As a result, racial groups possessing relatively little power often find themselves excluded or oppressed, while hegemonic individuals and institutions are charged with holding racist attitudes. Racism has led to many instances of tragedy, including slavery and genocide. What do members of one group typically perceive the moral standing of outgroups as? ",What do members of one group typically perceive the moral standing of outgroups as?, inferior +"From the facts presented in 'How to replace an empty ink cartridge
Write down the printer brand and model number. You will need to know both in order to find the correct replacement ink cartridges. If you can't find the model number, check the documentation that came with your printer.' , decide if the statement: 'The model number will not be on the printer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The model number will not be on the printer.,{ contradiction } Not sure why it's difficult. The paragraph says to check the document if you have to in order to find the printer model. That suggests that the printer having the model number on it will be true or not true. +" However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of the body, and the two coelomata are widely separated and run the length of the body. They function as the main blood vessels, although they are side-by-side rather than upper and lower. However, they are lined with mesothelium, like the coelomata and unlike the blood vessels of other annelids. Leeches generally use suckers at their front and rear ends to move like inchworms. The anus is on the upper surface of the pygidium. What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech? ",What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech?, connective tissue layer of the body wall +" The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans are underway to build a 57 km (35 mi)-long sub-alpine tunnel connecting the older Lötschberg and Gotthard tunnels built in the 19th century. How long is the tunnel connecting Lotschberg and Gotthard planned to be? ",How long is the tunnel connecting Lotschberg and Gotthard planned to be? , 57 km +" Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, his former national teammate. Following Enrique's arrival, Barcelona broke their transfer record when they paid Liverpool F.C. between €81 to €94 million for striker Luis Suárez, who was serving a four-month ban from all football-related activity imposed by the FIFA Disciplinary Committee after biting Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini during his appearance for Uruguay in a World Cup group stage match. Who returned to Barcelona as head coach? ",Who returned to Barcelona as head coach?, Luis Enrique +" Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?] In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live? ",In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?, arid regions or tropical forests +"Examine the premise: 'Mouth Open
At night time, my mouth was falling open frequently. I purchased a mouth guard in the hopes it would help. In the middle of the night, I awoke with pain in my jaw. I tried changing position several times, to no avail. I finally removed the guard and gave up.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The person gave up sleeping.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The person gave up sleeping.,{ entailment } It is incorrect. The person gave up using the mouth guard. +" By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s. What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s? ",What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?, Sandwell and Dudley +"Examine the information in 'Morning glory (also written as morning-glory) is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. Morning glory species belong to many genera, some of which are:' Is the statement: 'A morning glory is a particular species of plant' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A morning glory is a particular species of plant,{ entailment } It is a name for over 1000 species. I think the system got it wrong because I used a lot of words from the context +"Considering the context: 'Ricochet or Ricochet IM is an open source, multi-platform, instant messaging software project originally developed by John Brooks and later adopted as the official instant messaging client project of the Invisible.im group. A goal of the Invisible.im group is to help people maintain privacy by developing a ""metadata free"" instant messaging client.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ricochet IM originally developed the human being known as John Brooks.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ricochet IM originally developed the human being known as John Brooks.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it makes no sense for an instant messaging client to develop a person, it's an impossibly nonsensical statement. It's difficult because the statement contains many similar words from the text, but rearranged in an order with a very different meaning." +" Video output connections varied from one model of the console to the next. The original HVC-001 model of the Family Computer featured only radio frequency (RF) modulator output. When the console was released in North America and Europe, support for composite video through RCA connectors was added in addition to the RF modulator. The HVC-101 model of the Famicom dropped the RF modulator entirely and adopted composite video output via a proprietary 12-pin ""multi-out"" connector first introduced for the Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Conversely, the North American re-released NES-101 model most closely resembled the original HVC-001 model Famicom, in that it featured RF modulator output only. Finally, the PlayChoice-10 utilized an inverted RGB video output. The Super NES had how many pins in its proprietary connector? ",The Super NES had how many pins in its proprietary connector?, 12 +" Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August. What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch? ",What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?, mayor +" Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named ""Music"" and ""Videos"" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod. With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products? ",With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?, iOS 5 +"Given the detailed context: 'The Wedding Album is an American television pilot ordered by the Fox Network for the 2006-2007 television season. It was picked up for series order as a midseason replacement during the 2006-2007 television season. However, shortly after this, Fox ended development on the show, and replaced it with a similar project, ""The Wedding Bells"", which received a midseason pick up.', judge whether the statement: 'Fox ended The Wedding Album in the middle of the season.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Fox ended The Wedding Album in the middle of the season.,{ contradiction } Context states show was cancelled and replacement for the show was picked up midseason. + The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population. Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs? ,Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?, Gorals +"With the given context: 'Relient K is the debut studio album by American rock band Relient K. Many of the tracks are newer versions of those found on their 1998 demo ""All Work & No Play"". Typical of early Relient K albums, the lyrics use pop culture references for teaching and to illustrate Biblical principles. As of late 2006/early 2007, this album has sold around 400,000 copies.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Relient K was written overseas' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Relient K was written overseas,{ contradiction } Relient K might have been written overseas +"Using the premise: 'Nowa Słupia is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Słupia. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 34 km east of the regional capital Kielce. The village has an approximate population of 1,600.' , decide if the conclusion: 'There is a Greater Poland.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",There is a Greater Poland.,"{ contradiction } The prompt referenced a ""Lesser Poland"". Without referencing a map, you can't for sure say one way or the other The system probably didn't have that logic built in and got confused." +"Considering the context: 'Johnny Reno is a 1966 American western film made by A.C. Lyles Productions and released by Paramount Pictures. It starred Dana Andrews and Jane Russell. It was directed by R.G. Springsteen, produced by A.C. Lyles, with a screenplay by Andrew Craddock, Steve Fisher and A.C. Lyles.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Dana Andrews played a small role in Johnny Reno' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Dana Andrews played a small role in Johnny Reno,"{ neutral } It is incorrect because it says she starred in the movie. Therefore, she couldn't have had a small role. The system doesn't recognize starring in a movie as having a large part" +"Examine the premise: 'The Holiday Bowl is a post-season NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game that has been played annually since 1978 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, United States. Since the 2014 edition, it has featured a matchup of Pac-12 and Big Ten teams.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Holiday bowl is a game played only once a year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Holiday bowl is a game played only once a year.,{ contradiction } The text states annually which means once a year. +" The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most important works in the field of social science—The Poverty of Historicism (1944) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945)—were inspired by his reflection on the events of his time and represented, in a sense, a reaction to the prevalent totalitarian ideologies that then dominated Central European politics. His books defended democratic liberalism as a social and political philosophy. They also represented extensive critiques of the philosophical presuppositions underpinning all forms of totalitarianism. What political ideology do Popper's major works defend? ",What political ideology do Popper's major works defend?, democratic liberalism +"With the given context: 'Mark Halperin accused of sexual harassment Several women spoke out to CNN detailing alleged incidents of sexual harassment during Halperin's tenure as the political director of ABC News over a decade ago. Halperin apologized for his behavior in a statement to CNN.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Halperin did not commit the crime.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Halperin did not commit the crime.,{ neutral } He would not have apologized if he had not committed the crime. +" The process of morphological derivation in Catalan follows the same principles as the other Romance languages, where agglutination is common. Many times, several affixes are appended to a preexisting lexeme, and some sound alternations can occur, for example elèctric [əˈlɛktrik] (""electrical"") vs. electricitat [ələktrisiˈtat]. Prefixes are usually appended to verbs, for as in preveure (""foresee""). What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages? ",What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages?, morphological +" Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas. Oklahoma has no nuclear power. Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009, Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation. How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from coal? ",How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from coal?, 25 percent +" Most sexually reproducing organisms are diploid, with paired chromosomes, but doubling of their chromosome number may occur due to errors in cytokinesis. This can occur early in development to produce an autopolyploid or partly autopolyploid organism, or during normal processes of cellular differentiation to produce some cell types that are polyploid (endopolyploidy), or during gamete formation. An allopolyploid plant may result from a hybridisation event between two different species. Both autopolyploid and allopolyploid plants can often reproduce normally, but may be unable to cross-breed successfully with the parent population because there is a mismatch in chromosome numbers. These plants that are reproductively isolated from the parent species but live within the same geographical area, may be sufficiently successful to form a new species. Some otherwise sterile plant polyploids can still reproduce vegetatively or by seed apomixis, forming clonal populations of identical individuals. Durum wheat is a fertile tetraploid allopolyploid, while bread wheat is a fertile hexaploid. The commercial banana is an example of a sterile, seedless triploid hybrid. Common dandelion is a triploid that produces viable seeds by apomictic seed. What happens to these new plants if they are able to reproduce? ",What happens to these new plants if they are able to reproduce?, form a new species +"Given the context: 'A number of undergraduate schools and colleges have also received it, as has the French Red-Cross, the abbey of Notre-Dame des Dombes, and the French railway company SNCF.' , classify the statement: 'No one is concerned with the prestige of the school.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",No one is concerned with the prestige of the school.,{ contradiction } It is unknown if this is the case. +" In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being ""unable to solve the problems"". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest. When were legislative elections held? ",When were legislative elections held?, March 2004 +"Given the context: 'Chromatium okenii is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water. It belongs to the Purple sulfur bacteria. These bacteria are capable of photosynthesis and use Hydrogen sulfide (HS) as an electron donor for CO reduction and so do not produce oxygen. This type of photosynthesis is called anoxygenic photosynthesis.' , classify the statement: 'Chromatium okenii might possibly be a Gram-negative bacteria.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Chromatium okenii might possibly be a Gram-negative bacteria.,"{ neutral } ""Chromatium okenii might possibly be a Gram-negative bacteria"", is what I wrote. It is a Gram-negative bacteria, My statement did not say otherwise. " +"Given the context: 'Drumtochty Castle is a neo-gothic style castellated mansion erected in the year 1812 approximately three kilometres northwest of Auchenblae, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. This castle stands on the southern edge of Drumtochty Forest. Other noted castles in Kincardineshire are Fasque House, Fetteresso Castle, Dunnottar Castle and Muchalls Castle.' , classify the statement: 'Drumtochty Castle is near Loch Ness.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Drumtochty Castle is near Loch Ness.,{ contradiction } It is unknown if Drumtochty Castle is near Loch Ness. The system was confused by the context. +"With the given context: 'Michael Tunn (born 18 January 1974) is an Australian radio announcer and television presenter. He was hired by Australia's national youth station Triple J in 1990 at the age of 17, making him Australia's youngest professional radio presenter at the time.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Tunn died at the age of 18.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Tunn died at the age of 18.,"{ contradiction } There's not enough info to support the age of Tunn at his death, but nothing that contradicts it either." +" Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more ""lyrical moments"", though the final product used sequenced music instead. Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision. Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield. How many people would be in the orchestra Kondo imagined using for the soundtrack? ",How many people would be in the orchestra Kondo imagined using for the soundtrack?, 50 +"Examine the information in 'US Federal Reserve boss, Alan Greenspan, sees increased US trade protectionism and ever-larger budget deficits as the biggest threats to the US economy.' Is the statement: 'Reducing budget deficits in the US would inscrease threats to the US economy according to Alan Greenspan.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Reducing budget deficits in the US would inscrease threats to the US economy according to Alan Greenspan.,"{ neutral } If ever-larger budget deficits are a threat to the US economy, it follows that smaller budget deficits couldn't increase the threat." +"With the premise: 'Wood River is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in southern Saskatchewan, the district was created by the ""Representation Act, 1994"" (Saskatchewan) out of the former constituency of Assiniboia-Gravelbourg and half of the Shaunavon district.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Wood River was created by a Representation Act which contained the year 1993 in the title.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Wood River was created by a Representation Act which contained the year 1993 in the title.,"{ entailment } It contained the year 1994 in the title, not 1993. It's difficult because the years are similar which is enough to confuse the system." +" The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment. Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery, while other poems were written directly about scientific topics. Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books (1712). After Newton's death in 1727, poems were composed in his honour for decades. James Thomson (1700–1748) penned his ""Poem to the Memory of Newton,"" which mourned the loss of Newton, but also praised his science and legacy. In what year was Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books written? ","In what year was Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books written?", 1712 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Friday: The Animated Series was a short-lived animated television series based on the ""Friday"" film series. The show is directed by Kevin Lofton and is co-produced and co-distributed by New Line Television, a subsidiary of New Line Cinema (the distributors of the ""Friday"" movies), MTV2, and Ice Cube's Cubevision. The series only lasted for 8 episodes.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Friday: The Animated Series is not a series of movies.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Friday: The Animated Series is not a series of movies.,"{ contradiction } Considering the context specifically states ""Friday: The Animated Series was a short-lived animated television series...,"" it doesn't make sense for the system to give it a majority probability of being an actual series of movies." +" The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the capital and other areas, two broadly distinct styles of music arose in the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman classical music, and folk music. In the provinces, several different kinds of folk music were created. The most dominant regions with their distinguished musical styles are: Balkan-Thracian Türküs, North-Eastern (Laz) Türküs, Aegean Türküs, Central Anatolian Türküs, Eastern Anatolian Türküs, and Caucasian Türküs. Some of the distinctive styles were: Janissary Music, Roma music, Belly dance, Turkish folk music. There were two main style of music in the Ottoman empire, what were they? ","There were two main style of music in the Ottoman empire, what were they?"," classical music, and folk music " +" The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals are found throughout much of the Alpine region such as cinnabar, amethyst, and quartz. The cinnabar deposits in Slovenia are a notable source of cinnabar pigments. What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps? ",What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps?, copper +"Reflect on the information in: 'Miss Universe 2010, the 59th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 23 August 2010 at Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Ximena Navarrete of Mexico was crowned by Stefanía Fernández of Venezuela as her successor at the end of the event. 83 contestants competed in this year.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Ximena Naverrtete competed in a previous pageant.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Ximena Naverrtete competed in a previous pageant.,{ entailment } My statement doesn't have any information from the clue other than the winner was part of the Miss Universe Pageant. +"Consider the premise in: 'RARITAN TWP. - Alexis K. Martone, 27 of Phillipsburg, was arrested and charged with narcotics offenses following a traffic stop on Raritan Avenue by Sgt. Robert Landolina at 12:49 a.m. on Wednesday, police said. Martone was charged with possession of heroin and drug paraphernalia, police said. She was ticketed for a view obstruction, failure to keep right on Routes 202-31 and possession of heroin in a car.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The reporter mentioned the word heroin twice' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The reporter mentioned the word heroin twice,{ neutral } The speaker in the passage mentions the word heroin twice in the passage making my statement correct. (the word narcotic does not count). My statement fooled the model because it probably did not fit into a certain word format. +" In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words. +E.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words. +E.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'. The medieval jovens becomes what what word? ",The medieval jovens becomes what what word?, joves +"Based on the details provided in: 'Suzy Nakamura is an American actress. Nakamura is known for her many guest appearances on sitcoms such as ""According to Jim"", ""Half and Half"", ""8 Simple Rules"", ""Curb Your Enthusiasm"" and ""How I Met Your Mother"" and her recurring role in the early seasons of the drama ""The West Wing"" as assistant to the Sam Seaborn character, as well as Dr. Miura in the ABC sitcom ""Modern Family"".' , determine if the claim: 'Suzy Nakamura made a guest appearance on 8 Simple Rules before she made a guest appearance on Curb Your Enthusiasm.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Suzy Nakamura made a guest appearance on 8 Simple Rules before she made a guest appearance on Curb Your Enthusiasm.,"{ contradiction } It's neither correct nor incorrect because the text never mentions when the appearances for the shows were. I guess it's difficult because much of the text in the question is also in the paragraph, so the system assumes the answer must be in there perhaps." +"Given the premise: 'Hertfordshire ( ; often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Hertfordshire is centrally located to other known cities.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Hertfordshire is centrally located to other known cities.,{ neutral } The context list a lot of other places surrounding it. +"Examine the premise: 'How to get used to wearing contacts
Always consult a licensed eye care professional. Contacts are a medical device and should be treated as such. This is true even if your eyesight is fine and you are only interested in turning your brown eyes into "" baby blues "" with colored lenses.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Contacts can be worn for reasons other than bad vision.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Contacts can be worn for reasons other than bad vision.,{ neutral } The passage talked about getting contacts to change your eye color even for people without eyesight problems. Therefore you can get contacts even if you have good vision. My statement is correct. +" Kingdom Plantae belongs to Domain Eukarya and is broken down recursively until each species is separately classified. The order is: Kingdom; Phylum (or Division); Class; Order; Family; Genus (plural genera); Species. The scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single world-wide name for each organism. For example, the tiger lily is Lilium columbianum. Lilium is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. The combination is the name of the species. When writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. Additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised (or underlined when italics are not available). What is the main grouping of a plant know as? ",What is the main grouping of a plant know as?, Kingdom +" Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form of fuzzing, is an example of failure testing. Various commercial non-functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform destructive testing. What does Destructive testing verify? ",What does Destructive testing verify?, software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs +" The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were ""Germans"" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland? ",Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?, ethnic Germans +" Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name ""Neptune"" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as ""sea king star"" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Dalain Van (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called Poseidon (Ποσειδώνας, Poseidonas), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew, ""Rahab"" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term ""Neptun"" (נפטון) is commonly used. In Māori, the planet is called Tangaroa, named after the Māori god of the sea. In Nahuatl, the planet is called Tlāloccītlalli, named after the rain god Tlāloc. What did the Greeks call Neptune? ",What did the Greeks call Neptune? , Poseidon +"Given the detailed context: 'Vampire Vs Vampire (一眉道人) is a 1989 Hong Kong comedy horror film directed by and starring Lam Ching-ying. The title references the interaction in the film between a jiangshi child, a creature from Chinese ""hopping"" corpse fiction, and a British vampire based on Western vampire fiction.', judge whether the statement: 'Lam Ching-ying's character is a British vampire based on Western vampire fiction.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Lam Ching-ying's character is a British vampire based on Western vampire fiction.,"{ contradiction } The text does not state which character Lam Ching-ying played, only that he starred in it. The starring role *might* be the British vampire, but it is not stated outright." +"With the given context: 'Ryan Potter (born September 12, 1995) is an American actor and martial artist. Beginning his career as a professional actor at the age of 15, Potter is perhaps best known for his starring role as Mike Fukanaga in ""Supah Ninjas"" and for voicing Hiro Hamada in ""Big Hero 6"" (2014).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Ryan Potter is solely a voice actor for animated series.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Ryan Potter is solely a voice actor for animated series.,{ neutral } Because he has live movie and animated movie credits +"From the facts presented in 'Ken Lee (Chinese: 李光裕, Pinyin: lǐ guāng yù, 1932 – 21 December 2007) was a Chinese-Australian businessman who co-founded the Bing Lee chain of electronic stores with his father, Bing Lee. He also served as the company's chairman from 1987 until 2007.' , decide if the statement: 'Ken Lee was the father of Bing Lee.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Ken Lee was the father of Bing Lee.,{ entailment } Bing Lee was the father of Ken Lee. +"Given the detailed context: 'The Shins are an American indie rock band from Albuquerque, New Mexico, formed in 1996. The band's current lineup consists of James Mercer (vocals, guitar, songwriter), Jon Sortland (drums), Mark Watrous (guitar), Casey Foubert (guitar), Yuuki Matthews (bass), and Patti King (keyboards). The band is based in Portland, Oregon.', judge whether the statement: 'The Shins were established near the turn of the century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Shins were established near the turn of the century.,"{ contradiction } The Shins formed in 1996, which is near the turn into the 21st century from the 20th. The system may not know the term 'turn of the century'." +"Considering the context: 'David Scott ""Dave"" Foley (born January 4, 1963) is a Canadian actor, stand-up comedian, director, producer and writer. He is known as a co-founder of the comedy group ""The Kids in the Hall"", responsible for their eponymous sketch show and the feature-length film """". He played Dave Nelson in the sitcom ""NewsRadio"", voiced Flik in ""A Bug's Life"" and hosted the game show ""Celebrity Poker Showdown"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'A Bugs Life was first called Warrior Ant' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",A Bugs Life was first called Warrior Ant,"{ contradiction } Since it is not described, we do not know if the film ever had an alternative name (it is common in the industry). The model probably wasn't aware that 'A Bugs Life' is the name of the film" +"Using the premise: 'Decision is a NBC anthology TV series that aired as a summer replacement for ""The Loretta Young Show"" in 1958. The episodes consisted of repurposed failed pilots, including a TV adaptation of the Owen Wister novel ""The Virginian"", starring James Drury. He would later star in a TV adaptation of the same novel.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Owen Wister novel ""The Virginian"" was published more than 50 years before ""Decision"" aired.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","The Owen Wister novel ""The Virginian"" was published more than 50 years before ""Decision"" aired.","{ entailment } It's not clear in the text when the novel was published, therefore we don't know for sure. It's difficult because the system might be thinking I'm just saying the novel was published before the TV series aired." +"Using the premise: 'The Aérospatiale (formerly Sud Aviation) SA 321 Super Frelon (""Super Hornet"") is a three-engined heavy transport helicopter produced by aerospace manufacturer Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale) of France. It held the distinction of being the most powerful helicopter to be built in Europe at one point, as well as being the world's fastest helicopter.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon might be a transport helicopter.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon might be a transport helicopter.,{ neutral } The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon is a transport helicopter. +"From the information in: 'Hipmunk, stylized as hipmunk, is a consumer-oriented online travel company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was co-founded by Adam Goldstein and Reddit co-founder Steve Huffman in 2010. The company focuses on the visual organization of flight search results. It received increased media attention when Google announced its flight search service in September 2011.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Hipmunk was operating in 2015.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hipmunk was operating in 2015.,{ entailment } It said when it was started but not whether it ended or stopped. It may have stopped business or been taken over by someone else. +" The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016. From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games. How many games were played in the 2001 regular season? ",How many games were played in the 2001 regular season?, 16 +" On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. ""The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value"", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal. When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal? ","When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal?"," March 30, 2015 " +"Using the premise: 'How to answer the most common interview questions
Explain your career path to describe yourself. Connect the dots on your resume so the interviewer can understand more about you professionally. Try to describe not only your career path but why you've made those decisions.' , decide if the conclusion: 'I did not bring my resume to the interview' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",I did not bring my resume to the interview,{ contradiction } I needed to edit my resume not bring it to the interview. +" The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the ""Philadelphia Order"". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, ""The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . . openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle."" The order included definite ""goals and timetables."" As President Nixon asserted, ""We would not impose quotas, but would require federal contractors to show 'affirmative action' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment."" Which piece of legislation was begun in 1969? ",Which piece of legislation was begun in 1969?, Philadelphia Order +" Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways. What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups? ",What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?, past human groups +"Examine the premise: 'Measure
John wanted to know how dogs could find electronic devices. He set up a test to measure the chemicals off-gassed by plastic. John used a sensitive device that could detect odors. He found plastic devices gave off a certain chemical as they decayed. John published his research in an esteemed science journal.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'John proved that plastic emits a certain odor as it decays and that is how dogs can find electronic devices' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",John proved that plastic emits a certain odor as it decays and that is how dogs can find electronic devices,"{ neutral } The text stated that dogs can find electronic devices since they emit an odor, so my statement was correct" +"With the premise: 'Passion Play is a 2010 American drama film written and directed by Mitch Glazer, executive produced by Rebecca Wang and starring Mickey Rourke, Megan Fox, Rhys Ifans and Bill Murray. Filming for the production began in December 2009 and is presented by Rebecca Wang Entertainment. It premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The executive producer was male.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The executive producer was male.,{ neutral } The executive producers name is Rebbeca which is a female name. I think the system found it difficult because it cant tell what names are male or female. +" Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas. One Arctic tern, ringed (banded) as a chick on the Farne Islands off the British east coast, reached Melbourne, Australia in just three months from fledging, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 mi). Many tubenosed birds breed in the southern hemisphere and migrate north in the southern winter. Which seabird has the longest-distance migration? ",Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?, The Arctic tern +"Examine the information in 'Little Fluffy Gigolo Pelu (Japanese: ファンシージゴロ ペル , Hepburn: Fanshī Jigoro Peru , a.k.a. ""Fancy Gigolo Pelu"") is a three ""tankōbon"" manga series written and illustrated by Junko Mizuno and published by Enterbrain. The series has been licensed in North America and France where the first volume received mostly positive reviews.' Is the statement: 'Little Fluffy Gigolo Pelu was made by an indie company' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Little Fluffy Gigolo Pelu was made by an indie company,{ contradiction } We do not know what kind of company made Little Fluffy Gigolo Pelu +"With the premise: 'Abroad with Two Yanks is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Helen Walker, William Bendix and Dennis O'Keefe as the title characters. It was Bendix's third and final role in a film as a US Marine and the first of Dwan's three films about the United States Marine Corps.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'William Bendix starred in a fourth film as a US marine' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",William Bendix starred in a fourth film as a US marine,{ entailment } This statement is incorrect because the film in the context was Bendix's third and final role as a US Marine. The model probably thought the statement was correct because it mentions Bendix starring in a film as a marine. +" In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of ""Louie Louie"" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including ""You Really Got Me"" by The Kinks (1964), ""My Generation"" by The Who (1965), ""Shapes of Things"" (1966) by The Yardbirds and ""(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity. ""Shapes of Things"" was a 1966 single by what band? ","""Shapes of Things"" was a 1966 single by what band?", The Yardbirds +" According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads. How many died in Sichuan? ",How many died in Sichuan?," 68,636 " +" Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the ""Vision for Plymouth"" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings. How many residences does the ""Vision for Plymouth"" seek to build? ","How many residences does the ""Vision for Plymouth"" seek to build?"," 33,000 " +" Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature ""grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse"", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged. Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country. Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period. Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar? ",Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?, Hanthawaddy monarchs +"Based on the details provided in: 'Ruddy Joraider Lugo (born May 22, 1980) is a former Dominican-American Major League Baseball right-handed relief pitcher. Lugo is the younger brother of shortstop Julio Lugo. He attended Xaverian High School (famous alumni include Chris Mullin and Rich Aurilia) in Brooklyn, New York.' , determine if the claim: 'Ruddy Lugo's brother is younger than him.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ruddy Lugo's brother is younger than him.,"{ entailment } Ruddy Lugo is the younger brother of Julio Lugo. Therefore, Julio is older than Ruddy." +" Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby. Who was the Foreign Secretary of Russell's ministry? ",Who was the Foreign Secretary of Russell's ministry?, Lord Palmerston +" The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game. Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season? ",Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?, Furpaw +"Consider the premise in: 'For example: to have diplomatic initiatives to diffuse the tensions between ethnic groups and encourage peacekeeping initiatives between these rival groups; to introduce positive information to counter the negative information that is being spread; to have an international arms registry that deals with specific arms, which would go a long way to adding a measure of transparency and accountability where there are military organizations.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'This passage is written in spanish.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",This passage is written in spanish.,{ neutral } The passage is written in english so it's clearly not written in spanish. The system may not know the difference in languages. +" It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities. Whitehead posited that these ordered potentials exist in what he called the primordial nature of God. However, Whitehead was also interested in religious experience. This led him to reflect more intensively on what he saw as the second nature of God, the consequent nature. Whitehead's conception of God as a ""dipolar"" entity has called for fresh theological thinking. In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed? ",In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed?, primordial nature of God +" The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold spells. Previously these cold spells had killed off bark beetles which are now attacking the forests of western Montana. The combination of warmer weather, attack by beetles, and mismanagement during past years has led to a substantial increase in the severity of forest fires in Montana. According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, portions of Montana will experience a 200-percent increase in area burned by wildfires, and an 80-percent increase in related air pollution. What month was the hottest ever recorded? ",What month was the hottest ever recorded?, July +" During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968. Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967? ",Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?, Robert McNamara +" Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a ""theocratic organization"", reflecting their belief that it is God's ""visible organization"" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the ""anointed"" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and ""spokesman"" for God's ""faithful and discreet slave class"" (approximately 10,000 self-professed ""anointed"" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the ""faithful and discreet slave"" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief. How are Jehovah Witnesses organized? ",How are Jehovah Witnesses organized?, hierarchically +" An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic attraction and repulsion, and require high current at low voltages. In the 1750s, the first electrostatic motors were developed by Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Gordon. Today the electrostatic motor finds frequent use in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) where their drive voltages are below 100 volts, and where moving, charged plates are far easier to fabricate than coils and iron cores. Also, the molecular machinery which runs living cells is often based on linear and rotary electrostatic motors.[citation needed] What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge? ",What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge?, electrostatic +" Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid-2012 and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the ""Kulluk"" incident at the end of the year. Royal Dutch Shell had invested nearly US$5 billion by this stage of the project. What amount had Royal Dutch Shell invested in the project by the end of 2012? ",What amount had Royal Dutch Shell invested in the project by the end of 2012?, nearly US$5 billion +" In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass ""low church"" as well as ""high church"" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic. What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas? ",What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas? , the Oxford Movement +" There were 46,917 households, out of which 7,835 (16.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,092 (27.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,510 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,327 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,867 (6.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 416 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 22,716 households (48.4%) were made up of individuals and 5,551 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87. There were 17,929 families (38.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.79. What was the total average family size? ",What was the total average family size?, 2.79 +"From the facts presented in 'John M. Donaldson (January 17, 1854 – December 20, 1941) was an American architect and artist born on January 17, 1854, in Stirling, Scotland. Donaldson was principal designer of the successful Detroit-based architectural firm Donaldson and Meier from 1880 onwards.' , decide if the statement: 'Donaldson's principal in college was from Detroit' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Donaldson's principal in college was from Detroit,{ contradiction } We don't even know if Donaldson went to college +" Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that ""he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror."" French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead ""the greatest philosopher of the 20th century."" Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries? ",Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries?, Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs +" The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region. What type of weather do monsoons bring? ",What type of weather do monsoons bring?, severe thunderstorms +" The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most non-metallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as in the form of water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions as many acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex species than that would suggest. As the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics. What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen? ",What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen?, H2 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Jonathan Samuels (born 1972) is a British broadcaster and journalist. He is currently the co-anchor on Sky News Sunrise since 17 October 2016. Previously he has held a range of different Senior correspondent posts for ""Sky News"", the 24-hour television news service operated by Sky Television, part of Sky plc. He was based in Sydney from 2011 to 2014.' , determine if the claim: 'Jonathan Samuels was born in the 70's' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jonathan Samuels was born in the 70's,"{ contradiction } He was born in 1972, so he was indeed born in the 70's" +"Using the premise: 'Zale Dalen is a Canadian film and television director. He is best known for the 1980 film ""The Hounds of Notre Dame"", for which he garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Director at the 2nd Genie Awards in 1981, and the cult films ""Skip Tracer"" (1977) and ""Terminal City Ricochet"" (1990).' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Genie Award was nomination happened 20 years ago.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Genie Award was nomination happened 20 years ago.,{ entailment } The nomination was thirty eight years ago. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Someone like You is a 2001 romantic comedy film, based on Laura Zigman's novel ""Animal Husbandry"" which tells of a heartbroken woman who is looking for the reason she was dumped. The film stars Ashley Judd, Greg Kinnear, Hugh Jackman, Marisa Tomei and Ellen Barkin and was directed by Tony Goldwyn.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Actress Ashley Judd plays a main character' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Actress Ashley Judd plays a main character,{ neutral } it states that Ashley Judd is a star in the film +"With the premise: 'Dáithí Ó Sé (born 2 June 1976) is an Irish television presenter. In 2010, he succeeded Ray D'Arcy as host of the Rose of Tralee, and married one of the Roses in 2012. Having risen to national fame as a continuity announcer and weather presenter with TG4, he most recently co-hosted RTÉ One's ""The Daily Show.""' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Dáithí Ó Sé is 16 years old.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Dáithí Ó Sé is 16 years old.,"{ neutral } It was stated that Dáithí Ó Sé was born in 1976. Doing simple math, Dáithí Ó Sé is clearly not 16 years old. The system is probably bad at math." +" In 2007, the Marshall Islands joined the International Labour Organization, which means its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks. This may impact business conditions in the islands. What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization? ",What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization?, business conditions +"From the information in: 'Daniel David Boren (born August 2, 1973) is a retired American politician, who served as the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma 's 2 congressional district from 2005 to 2013. The district includes most of the eastern part of the state outside of Tulsa. He is a member of the Democratic Party.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Daniel Boren's retirement resulted in the Republican party gaining control of his House seat.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Daniel Boren's retirement resulted in the Republican party gaining control of his House seat.,"{ contradiction } The context does not mention who succeeded Boren. Therefore, the party that has control of his seat is unknown. The system may have been confused because Boren is noted as a member of the Democratic party." +"Consider the premise in: 'Patti Clare (born 3 March 1976) is an English actress, known for playing the character of Mary Taylor in the ITV soap opera ""Coronation Street"" since 2008. She is a three-time winner of the British Soap Award for Best Comedy Performance (2011, 2013, 2016).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Patti Clare is an English actress, known for playing the character of Mary Taylor in the soap opera Street Coronation' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Patti Clare is an English actress, known for playing the character of Mary Taylor in the soap opera Street Coronation",{ entailment } I changed the movie name around so the statement could be incorrect. I think that the computer was confused because I didn't add any new words. +"From the facts presented in 'How to dispute a debit charge
Identify the charge. Look at your atm statement or debit card receipts. See if you can identify each withdrawal or purchase billed to your debit card.' , decide if the statement: 'It is not impossible to dispute a debit charge.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",It is not impossible to dispute a debit charge.,{ neutral } The point of the whole passage is how to dispute a debit charge. Therefore my statement saying it is NOT IMPOSSIBLE (double negative) to dispute it has to be correct. +" The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses; otherwise, the law does not go into effect (but it may be reconsidered in the next session of the assembly). If the monarch fails to act within six months of the bill being presented to him, it becomes law without his signature. What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign? ",What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign?, two-thirds +"Given the detailed context: 'Nail Polish Fiasco
Claire was painting her nails. As she was polishing her last nail, her cat came running. It hit the bottle and knocked it over. The bottle spilled all over her white carpet. Claire now has a huge blue stain on her carpet.', judge whether the statement: 'The rest of Claire's nails already had polish on them.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The rest of Claire's nails already had polish on them.,{ neutral } This is correct because she was on her last nail. +" Some of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival traditions spread to Spain, Portugal and France and from France to New France in North America. From Spain and Portugal it spread with colonization to the Caribbean and Latin America. In the early 19th century in the German Rhineland and Southern Netherlands, the weakened medieval tradition also revive. Continuously in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, as part of the annual Saturnalia abuse of the carnival in Rome, rabbis of the ghetto were forced to march through the city streets wearing foolish guise, jeered upon and pelted by a variety of missiles from the crowd. A petition of the Jewish community of Rome sent in 1836 to Pope Gregory XVI to stop the annual anti-semitic Saturnalia abuse got a negation: “It is not opportune to make any innovation.” What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time? ",What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time?, Venice +"Consider the premise in: 'William Daniel ""Dan"" McCafferty (born 14 October 1946, Dunfermline, Scotland) is a Scottish vocalist, best known as the lead singer for the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth from its founding in 1968 to his retirement from touring with the band in 2013. McCafferty continues to perform solo around the world and record on occasion.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'McCafferty was the lead singer of Nazareth for 47 years' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",McCafferty was the lead singer of Nazareth for 47 years,{ entailment } He was the lead singer for 45 years +" All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that ""Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'."" What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system? ",What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system?, great power +" Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: Where did this experiment take place? ",Where did this experiment take place?, Britain +" Apollo and his sister Artemis can bring death with their arrows. The conception that diseases and death come from invisible shots sent by supernatural beings, or magicians is common in Germanic and Norse mythology. In Greek mythology Artemis was the leader (ἡγεμών, ""hegemon"") of the nymphs, who had similar functions with the Nordic Elves. The ""elf-shot"" originally indicated disease or death attributed to the elves, but it was later attested denoting stone arrow-heads which were used by witches to harm people, and also for healing rituals. Who is Apollo's sister? ",Who is Apollo's sister?, Artemis +"Examine the information in 'Long-term Gambian leader Yahya Jammeh has finally stepped down as the president of the West African country, paving way for the internationally recognised president Adama Barrow to take over the reins. Read the rest of the story on Guardian News Added January 20, 2017 from Guardian News' Is the statement: 'The Gambian leader thought it was time to quit.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Gambian leader thought it was time to quit.,{ neutral } Long-term Gambian leader Yahya Jammeh has finally stepped down which means he thought it was time for it so it is definitely correct. +"From the facts presented in 'Text Message
The woman texted her friend. Her friend did not respond. The woman called her friend. It went to voicemail. The woman left a message asking where her friend was.' , decide if the statement: 'The woman may have been ignored by her friend' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The woman may have been ignored by her friend,"{ neutral } states could not contact friend, friend may have ignored her. system did not catch this" +"With the given context: 'Pablo Aurrecochea (born March 3, 1981 in Artigas, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan footballer currently playing for CA Atlanta. He is usually known for wearing kits adorned with cartoon characters such as Tom and Jerry, Krusty the Clown, The Incredible Hulk, and others.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Pablo Aurrecochea has been playing for CA Atlanta for 60 years.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Pablo Aurrecochea has been playing for CA Atlanta for 60 years.,"{ neutral } Pablo Aurrecochea was born in 1981, meaning that he is younger than 60 years old. He can't have played for CA Atlanta for longer than he has been alive. The system may have had trouble with this because it doesn't understand that it is a simple math problem." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Well, there's a law pending called the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. I strongly support it. What it says is that gays and lesbians can't be fired from their job because they're gay or lesbian. And it would be a federal law preventing that. Now, I wonder if the -- it's been blocked by the opponents in the majority in the Congress. I wonder if the Governor who lend his support to that law.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Gays can be fired now.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Gays can be fired now.,{ contradiction } The act has not passed yet. +" Avialans diversified into a wide variety of forms during the Cretaceous Period. Many groups retained primitive characteristics, such as clawed wings and teeth, though the latter were lost independently in a number of avialan groups, including modern birds (Aves). While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia. In the late Cretaceous, around 95 million years ago, the ancestor of all modern birds also evolved a better sense of smell. How long ago was the late Cretaceous period? ",How long ago was the late Cretaceous period?, around 95 million years ago +" The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. Triangular or wedge-shaped reeds were used to write on moist clay. A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal or business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, daily records, and even libraries full of clay tablets. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects like statues or bricks are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes-in-training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant. What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature? ",What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature?, milestone +"From the information in: 'Gulf Air (Arabic: طيران الخليج‎ ‎ ""Ṭayarān al-Khalīj"") is the principal flag carrier of Bahrain. Headquartered in Muharraq, adjacent to Bahrain International Airport, the airline operates scheduled services to 41 destinations in 23 countries across Africa, Asia and Europe. Its main base is Bahrain International Airport.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Gulf Air has direct flights to Asia' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Gulf Air has direct flights to Asia,{ neutral } They operate in Europe +" Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the ""father of the computer"", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete. Who is considered the ""father of the computer""? ","Who is considered the ""father of the computer""?", Charles Babbage +"With the given context: 'Peter Thomas Ward (born July 26, 1937 in Montreal, Quebec) is a retired professional baseball player who played 9 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The son of former National Hockey League forward Jimmy Ward, Pete attended Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon and played college baseball at Portland's Lewis & Clark College.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Peter Thomas Ward was born in Canada.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Peter Thomas Ward was born in Canada.,"{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because he was born in Quebec. It's difficult because the system doesn't seem to understand you can be born in one place, which is contained within a larger place, therefore you are born in both places at the same time, if that makes sense.." +"Examine the information in 'Got four more years, I've got more to do to continue to raise standards, to continue to reward teachers and school districts that are working, to emphasize math and science in the classrooms, to continue to expand Pell Grants to make sure that people have an opportunity to start their career with a college diploma.' Is the statement: 'Pell Grants contains a xx' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Pell Grants contains a xx,{ neutral } Not in the name +"Given the context: 'The John Coltrane Home is a house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York, where saxophonist John Coltrane lived from 1964 until his death in 1967. It was in this home that he composed his landmark work, ""A Love Supreme"".' , classify the statement: 'The John Coltrane Home is a house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of popular bluff' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The John Coltrane Home is a house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of popular bluff,{ neutral } The John Coltrane Home is not a house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of popular bluff +" Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in Oxbridge colleges, the lawyers in the Inns of Court or The Albany after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in Edinburgh were working-class purpose-built tenements common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving crescent, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold. What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on? ",What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on?, tall and narrow +" The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as ""the beginnings of studies"". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality. The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5. Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group? ",Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?, Kenneth Hamilton +"Reflect on the information in: 'The New York Lottery began in 1967 as the third modern U.S. lottery, after Puerto Rico's began in 1934, and New Hampshire's in 1964. As part of the New York State Gaming Commission, it provides revenue for public education and is based in Schenectady.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Contrary to popular belief, The New York Lottery is ot actually a lottery.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Contrary to popular belief, The New York Lottery is ot actually a lottery.",{ contradiction } This is neither correct nor incorrect because it does not state if it is a lottery or not. +" Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found. What else is a risk factor for asthma? ",What else is a risk factor for asthma?, Family history +" Cognitive neuroscientists consider memory as the retention, reactivation, and reconstruction of the experience-independent internal representation. The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007). The latter component is also called engram or memory traces (Semon 1904). Some neuroscientists and psychologists mistakenly equate the concept of engram and memory, broadly conceiving all persisting after-effects of experiences as memory; others argue against this notion that memory does not exist until it is revealed in behavior or thought (Moscovitch 2007). What is an engram trace? ",What is an engram trace?, the underpinning physical neural changes +"Given the context: 'The 2013–14 La Liga season was the 83rd since its establishment. Match days were drawn on 9 July 2013. The season began on 17 August 2013 and ended on 18 May 2014 due to all top-flight European leagues ending earlier than the previous season because of 2014 FIFA World Cup. Elche, Villarreal and Almería competed in La Liga this year after spending the previous season in lower leagues.' , classify the statement: 'The season began less than a month after match days were drawn.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The season began less than a month after match days were drawn.,"{ entailment } Match day occurred on July 9, season began August 17." +"With the premise: 'The Gaza Empire (1824–1895) was an African empire established by the powerful general Soshangane and was located in southeastern Africa in the area of southern Mozambique and southeastern Zimbabwe. The Gaza Empire, at its height in the 1860s, covered all of Mozambique between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Gaza Empire last 95 years' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Gaza Empire last 95 years,{ neutral } The Gaza Empire (1824–1895) (last 71 years) +"Examine the premise: 'Caddyshack is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and written by Brian Doyle-Murray, Ramis and Douglas Kenney. It stars Michael O'Keefe, Chevy Chase, Rodney Dangerfield, Ted Knight, and Bill Murray. Doyle-Murray also has a supporting role. The film was later dedicated to producer Douglas Kenney, who died shortly after the film's release.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Caddyshack was dedicated to producer Douglas Kenney in 2001.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Caddyshack was dedicated to producer Douglas Kenney in 2001.,{ contradiction } No information was stated regarding when the movie was dedicated to the late producer. +" A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of ""major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."" However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is ""minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."" What does hunting create economic incentives for? ",What does hunting create economic incentives for?, conservation +" In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons, and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons. The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition, formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled, and in turn, 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching. In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli. The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists. Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995? ",Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995?, Benghazi +" Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the ""7 books not in the canon but to be read"" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas. How many books are in the New Testament? ",How many books are in the New Testament?, 27 books +"Examine the premise: 'The Centralia Massacre was an incident during the American Civil War in which twenty-four unarmed Union soldiers were captured and executed at Centralia, Missouri on September 27, 1864 by the pro-Confederate guerrilla leader William T. Anderson. Future outlaw Jesse James was among the guerrillas.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The civil war started before 1863' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The civil war started before 1863,{ contradiction } Didint use the year given in the statement +"From the information in: 'Peter Franklin Paul (born September 2, 1948) is a former lawyer and entrepreneur who was convicted for conspiracy and drug dealing, and later for securities fraud in connection with his business dealings with ""Spider-Man"" co-creator Stan Lee. He has repeatedly brought suit against Hillary Clinton, accusing her of lying about donations he solicited on behalf of her 2000 senatorial campaign.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'In addition to practicing law, Peter Franklin Paul has also worked a businessman during his lifetime. ' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In addition to practicing law, Peter Franklin Paul has also worked a businessman during his lifetime. ","{ neutral } The context says that Peter Franklin Paul is both a former lawyer as well as an entrepreneur, which means he has worked as a businessman. The system likely does not know that entrepreneur and businessman are synonyms. " +" The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs and the anterior wings. The third and most posterior segment, abutting the abdomen, is the metathorax, which features the third pair of legs and the posterior wings. Each segment is dilineated by an intersegmental suture. Each segment has four basic regions. The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum) to distinguish it from the abdominal terga. The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron) and the ventral aspect is called the sternum. In turn, the notum of the prothorax is called the pronotum, the notum for the mesothorax is called the mesonotum and the notum for the metathorax is called the metanotum. Continuing with this logic, the mesopleura and metapleura, as well as the mesosternum and metasternum, are used. The prothrorax is what segment of the insect? ",The prothrorax is what segment of the insect?, anterior +"Given the context: 'Cheung Kong Park () is a small garden located in the Central district of Hong Kong Island and named for Li Ka Shing's corporate empire. The park is privately maintained by Cheung Kong Holdings, but is open to the public. The park consists of ponds and cascades with benches for visitors to enjoy the scenery.' , classify the statement: 'Cheung Kong Park is open year round.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cheung Kong Park is open year round.,{ contradiction } The article says nothing about when the park is open or closed. I think the system has a hard time comprehending dates and months. +" St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector. What Island is the nearest major airport located on? ",What Island is the nearest major airport located on?, Sint Maarten +" Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. Since the mesoamerican pre-Classical period the inhabitants of the settlements around Lake Texcoco produced many works of art and complex craftsmanship, some of which are today displayed at the world-renowned National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico. What are the main artifacts that have survived? ",What are the main artifacts that have survived? , pottery and stone-engraving +"From the facts presented in 'John Henry Newman, {'1': "", '2': "", '3': 'Cong. Orat.', '4': ""} , (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an Anglican priest, poet and theologian and later a Catholic cardinal, who was an important and controversial figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s.' , decide if the statement: 'John Henry Newman was born in the first year of the 19th century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",John Henry Newman was born in the first year of the 19th century.,{ contradiction } John Henry Newman was born in the 19th century +"With the premise: '— Ahead of their Universal Championship Match at the Royal Rumble, Brock Lesnar and Braun Strowman will both be under the same roof tonight on Raw at the Amway Center in Orlando, Florida. Before Raw, Strowman took to Twitter to send a message to Lesnar and Paul Heyman. The Monsters back for the first episode of #Raw for 2019!!!! Heard @BrockLesnar is gonna be there. I've got a bone to pick with him and his Ratvocate @HeymanHustle 👊🏻👊🏻 — Braun Strowman (@BraunStrowman) January 7, 2019 Here are seven things you need to know before Raw.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Raw is not an anagram of war' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Raw is not an anagram of war,{ entailment } Raw most certainly is an anagram of war. I think I found another thing that confuses the system. +"Examine the information in 'John Cox is an American screenwriter born and currently residing in Los Angeles, California. Cox co-wrote the film ""Boot Camp"" (2007), and the most current draft of Sgt. Rock for Joel Silver and Warner Bros. He also wrote ""Virulents"" for New Regency and director John Moore. Unproduced credits include ""The Cold"" (Warner Bros.), ""The 10th Planet"" (MGM), and ""The Cotton Club Murder"" (USA Network).' Is the statement: 'John Cox was a terrible film writer.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",John Cox was a terrible film writer.,{ contradiction } Because it does not say what ratings or what were the perceptions of the people that watched him write the films. They just said that he wrote films. +" The Xbox 360's advantage over its competitors was due to the release of high profile titles from both first party and third party developers. The 2007 Game Critics Awards honored the platform with 38 nominations and 12 wins – more than any other platform. By March 2008, the Xbox 360 had reached a software attach rate of 7.5 games per console in the US; the rate was 7.0 in Europe, while its competitors were 3.8 (PS3) and 3.5 (Wii), according to Microsoft. At the 2008 Game Developers Conference, Microsoft announced that it expected over 1,000 games available for Xbox 360 by the end of the year. As well as enjoying exclusives such as additions to the Halo franchise and Gears of War, the Xbox 360 has managed to gain a simultaneous release of titles that were initially planned to be PS3 exclusives, including Devil May Cry, Ace Combat, Virtua Fighter, Grand Theft Auto IV, Final Fantasy XIII, Tekken 6, Metal Gear Solid : Rising, and L.A. Noire. In addition, Xbox 360 versions of cross-platform games were generally considered superior to their PS3 counterparts in 2006 and 2007, due in part to the difficulties of programming for the PS3. What are two prominent 360 exclusive franchises? ",What are two prominent 360 exclusive franchises?, the Halo franchise and Gears of War +" The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named. He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the Spanish Empire. Paying two visits to the archipelago, Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but did create a recognisable map of the archipelago. Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription in Portuguese Rock (previously called Spanish Rock). Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there, which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began. In 1609, the English Virginia Company, which had established Jamestown in Virginia (a term originally applied to all of the North American continent) two years earlier, permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane, when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking, then landed ashore. Who was the first known European explorer to reach Bermuda? ",Who was the first known European explorer to reach Bermuda?, Juan de Bermúdez +"Given the context: 'Mr. Lessig, on your First Amendment argument I don't see where the retroactivity-prospectivity comes in, because -- I follow your argument under the Copyright Clause, but if you're saying that the time is too long, the public domain should get this stuff sooner rather than later, would you explain to me how your prospectivity-retrospective line fits into your First Amendment claim?' , classify the statement: 'Mr. Lessig made an argument which was predicated on a US founding document' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Mr. Lessig made an argument which was predicated on a US founding document,"{ neutral } This is described in the statement, the system does not know what the constitution is" +"Examine the information in 'I served on the Small Business Committee for a long time. I was chairman of it once. Now I'm the senior Democrat on it. We used to -- you know, we have a goal there for minority set-aside programs, to try to encourage ownership in the country. They don't reach those goals. They don't even fight to reach those goals. They've tried to undo them.' Is the statement: 'The speaker is a Democrat' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The speaker is a Democrat,{ neutral } The speaker states that he or she is the senior Democrat on this committee. +"Examine the information in 'Texas' Nineteenth Congressional District of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves the upper midwestern portion of the state of Texas The district includes portions of the State from Lubbock to Abilene. The current Representative from the 19th District is Republican Jodey Arrington.' Is the statement: 'Texas has more than 10 congressional districts.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Texas has more than 10 congressional districts.,"{ neutral } The text mentions the 19th district, so there has to be more than 10 or there couldn't be a 19th district. I guess it's difficult because the system doesn't really understand what it means if something is the ""19th"" of a certain thing." +"Considering the context: 'I think it's important to promote a culture of life. I think a hospitable society is a society where every being counts and every person matters. I believe the ideal world is one in which every child is protected in law and welcomed to life. I understand there's great differences on this issue of abortion, but I believe reasonable people can come together and put good law in place that will help reduce the number of abortions.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Reducing the number of abortions is this persons goal.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Reducing the number of abortions is this persons goal.,{ neutral } The passage states that they think people can come together to reduce abortions. +"Consider the premise in: 'Franco Zeffirelli, KBE Grande Ufficiale OMRI (] ; born 12 February 1923) is an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television. He is also a former senator (1994–2001) for the Italian centre-right ""Forza Italia"" party. Recently, Italian researchers have found that he is one of the few distant relatives of Leonardo da Vinci.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Franco Zeffirelli had a political career' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Franco Zeffirelli had a political career,{ neutral } Franco Zeffirelli was a senator so he had a political career. The system likely was fooled because I used words not used in the context. +"With the given context: 'Under the Dome is an American science-fiction mystery drama television series. It premiered on CBS on June 24, 2013, and concluded on September 10, 2015. The series was developed by Brian K. Vaughan and based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Under the Dome was still playing in 2014.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Under the Dome was still playing in 2014.,"{ contradiction } The statement is correct because it says that the series, Under the Dome, premiered on CBS on June 24, 2013 and that it concluded on September 10, 2015. Since 2014 is in between those two dates, then it was still playing then." +" The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design (SAUD) was formed with three programs: architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering. The design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning. In what year did the SADP assume its current form? ",In what year did the SADP assume its current form?, 2009 +"Consider the premise in: 'Humphrey Mieno Ochieng (born 25 December 1989 in Nairobi) is a Kenyan footballer who currently plays for Kenyan Premier League side Tusker and the Kenya national team as a midfielder. He previously played for A.F.C. Leopards Sofapaka and Kenya Commercial Bank in the Kenyan Premier League, as well as Tunisian side Club Africain and Tanzanian club Azam.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Humphrey Mieno Ochieng is 28' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Humphrey Mieno Ochieng is 28,{ entailment } He's 29 and nearly 30. I think it got confused buy it being close. It has had more success further away +" The ASA standard underwent a major revision in 1960 with ASA PH2.5-1960, when the method to determine film speed was refined and previously applied safety factors against under-exposure were abandoned, effectively doubling the nominal speed of many black-and-white negative films. For example, an Ilford HP3 that had been rated at 200 ASA before 1960 was labeled 400 ASA afterwards without any change to the emulsion. Similar changes were applied to the DIN system with DIN 4512:1961-10 and the BS system with BS 1380:1963 in the following years. In what year were big changes made to the ANSI? ",In what year were big changes made to the ANSI?, 1960 +" Mathematicians often strive for a complete classification (or list) of a mathematical notion. In the context of finite groups, this aim leads to difficult mathematics. According to Lagrange's theorem, finite groups of order p, a prime number, are necessarily cyclic (abelian) groups Zp. Groups of order p2 can also be shown to be abelian, a statement which does not generalize to order p3, as the non-abelian group D4 of order 8 = 23 above shows. Computer algebra systems can be used to list small groups, but there is no classification of all finite groups.q[›] An intermediate step is the classification of finite simple groups.r[›] A nontrivial group is called simple if its only normal subgroups are the trivial group and the group itself.s[›] The Jordan–Hölder theorem exhibits finite simple groups as the building blocks for all finite groups. Listing all finite simple groups was a major achievement in contemporary group theory. 1998 Fields Medal winner Richard Borcherds succeeded in proving the monstrous moonshine conjectures, a surprising and deep relation between the largest finite simple sporadic group—the ""monster group""—and certain modular functions, a piece of classical complex analysis, and string theory, a theory supposed to unify the description of many physical phenomena. What can be used to classify small groups even though there is no classification of all finite groups? ",What can be used to classify small groups even though there is no classification of all finite groups?, Computer algebra systems +"From the information in: 'Representatives from 142 nations are expected to sit down in Doha Qatar, next Friday for the World Trade Organization's (WTO) fourth Ministerial Conference.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'It is the fourth Ministerial Conference in Qatar.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It is the fourth Ministerial Conference in Qatar.,"{ entailment } It is the fourth Ministerial Conference, but not necessarily in Qatar." +" Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of ""no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..."" and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day. How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel? ",How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?, free-to-air +"From the information in: 'Sick Individuals is a Dutch electronic dance music act consisting of Rinze ""Ray"" Hofstee and Joep ""Jim"" Smeele. The two met in Hilversum, Netherlands (2008) while studying Music Composition. Jim and Ray had been composing for television commercials until their mutual fascination for both classical and modern music inspired their business partnership in 2010, when Sick Individuals was born.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Jim and Ray only liked classical and modern music.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jim and Ray only liked classical and modern music.,{ contradiction } It is not known or mentioned in the context whether the only music Jim and Ray like are classical and modern. +" Late Carboniferous and Early Permian insect orders include both extant groups, their stem groups, and a number of Paleozoic groups, now extinct. During this era, some giant dragonfly-like forms reached wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in), making them far larger than any living insect. This gigantism may have been due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels that allowed increased respiratory efficiency relative to today. The lack of flying vertebrates could have been another factor. Most extinct orders of insects developed during the Permian period that began around 270 million years ago. Many of the early groups became extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago. The most significant mass extinction of insect groups is commonly ascribed to what period? ",The most significant mass extinction of insect groups is commonly ascribed to what period?, Permian-Triassic +"Examine the premise: 'Ophelia Knits A Sweater
Ophelia had always wanted to learn to knit. She decided to try knitting a sweater. She worked very hard, knitting every day on the train to work. Finally her sweater was complete. Ophelia was glad that she had learned to knit.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'She is passionate about her interest' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",She is passionate about her interest,"{ neutral } This statement is true due to the amount of hard work Ophelia put into her task, and her strong interest in the task. I believe the model was confused by the vagueness of my statement. " +" The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. How many major periods is European history divided into? ",How many major periods is European history divided into?, three +" Returning to the basic concept of current flows in a conductor, consider what happens if a half-wave dipole is not connected to a feed point, but instead shorted out. Electrically this forms a single 1⁄2-wavelength element. But the overall current pattern is the same; the current will be zero at the two ends, and reach a maximum in the center. Thus signals near the design frequency will continue to create a standing wave pattern. Any varying electrical current, like the standing wave in the element, will radiate a signal. In this case, aside from resistive losses in the element, the rebroadcast signal will be significantly similar to the original signal in both magnitude and shape. If this element is placed so its signal reaches the main dipole in-phase, it will reinforce the original signal, and increase the current in the dipole. Elements used in this way are known as passive elements. What part of the current is usually strongest? ",What part of the current is usually strongest?, center +"Based on the details provided in: 'Jonathan Williams (March 8, 1929 – March 16, 2008) was an American poet, publisher, essayist, and photographer. He is known as the founder of ""The Jargon Society"", which has published poetry, experimental fiction, photography, and folk art since 1951.' , determine if the claim: 'Jonathan Williams did not publish any piece of media in 2007' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jonathan Williams did not publish any piece of media in 2007,{ contradiction } It may be the did not publish any media that led the system astray combined with the year +" Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the ""Furniture District"" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits. Where is Southern Nazarene University located? ",Where is Southern Nazarene University located?, Bethany +"Analyze the premise: 'And thirdly, we need an earned-legalization program for people who have been here for a long time, stayed out of trouble, got a job, paid their taxes, and their kids are American. We got to start moving them toward full citizenship, out of the shadows. SCHIEFFER: Do you want to respond, Mr. President?' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Mr. president responded because we need an earned-legalization program for people who have been here for a long time, stayed out of trouble, get a job, paid their taxes, and their kids are american.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Mr. president responded because we need an earned-legalization program for people who have been here for a long time, stayed out of trouble, get a job, paid their taxes, and their kids are american.",{ contradiction } It doesn't say the president responded or not; only that the person asked if he was going to. I think i tricked the system with the correct facts surrounding the unknown statement. +"Consider the premise in: 'Debra Lee Feuer is an American former actress. She starred in the films ""Moment by Moment"", ""The Hollywood Knights"", ""To Live and Die in L.A."", ""MacGruder and Loud"", ""Il burbero"", and ""Homeboy""; the latter in which she starred with her then-husband Mickey Rourke.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Debra Lee Feuer doesn't do any acting anymore.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Debra Lee Feuer doesn't do any acting anymore.,{ contradiction } The paragraph states that Debra Lee Feuer is a former actress. Former implies that she no longer is an actress. +" The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber. What does Liberia's economy heavily depends on? ",What does Liberia's economy heavily depends on?, foreign aid +" Synthetic crude oil, also known as syncrude, is the output from a bitumen upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production in Canada. Bituminous sands are mined using enormous (100 ton capacity) power shovels and loaded into even larger (400 ton capacity) dump trucks for movement to an upgrading facility. The process used to extract the bitumen from the sand is a hot water process originally developed by Dr. Karl Clark of the University of Alberta during the 1920s. After extraction from the sand, the bitumen is fed into a bitumen upgrader which converts it into a light crude oil equivalent. This synthetic substance is fluid enough to be transferred through conventional oil pipelines and can be fed into conventional oil refineries without any further treatment. By 2015 Canadian bitumen upgraders were producing over 1 million barrels (160×10^3 m3) per day of synthetic crude oil, of which 75% was exported to oil refineries in the United States. How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015? ",How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015?, 1 million barrels +" While full-time work hinders schooling, empirical evidence is varied on the relationship between part-time work and school. Sometimes even part-time work may hinder school attendance or performance. On the other hand, many poor children work for resources to attend school. Children who are not doing well at school sometimes seek more satisfactory experience in work. Good relations with a supervisor at work can provide relief from tensions that children feel at school and home. In the modern world, school education has become so central to society that schoolwork has become the dominant work for most children, often replacing participation in productive work. If school curricula or quality do not provide children with appropriate skills for available jobs or if children do nor have the aptitude for schoolwork, school may impede the learning of skills, such as agriculture, which will become necessary for future livelihood. What can relieve tension for children at work? ",What can relieve tension for children at work?, Good relations with a supervisor +"Given the context: 'Bad Weather
The weatherman was told that he was going to be fired. This made him very angry. During the weather report on the news he lied. The weatherman said it would snow in July. Many angry viewers called into the station.' , classify the statement: 'The weatherman enjoyed playing in the snow.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The weatherman enjoyed playing in the snow.,"{ contradiction } While it seems unlikely that a grown adult would enjoy playing in the snow, nothing in the text definitively proves or disproves this, so we simply don't know for sure. It's difficult perhaps because the text contains ""snow"" and ""angry"" in close proximity to each other." +" American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition. What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007? ",What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?, Idol Gives Back +" In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals to recoup debts in financing the new stadium. This was controversial, with the move seen as both unfair to fans of teams located far from London, as well as taking some of the prestige away from a Wembley final. In defending the move, the FA has also cited the extra capacity Wembley offers, although the 2013 fixture between Millwall and Wigan led to the unprecedented step of placing 6,000 tickets on sale to neutral fans after the game failed to sell out. A fan poll by The Guardian in 2013 found 86% opposition to Wembley semi-finals. Do the people of London agree with this action? ",Do the people of London agree with this action?, the move seen as both unfair to fans of teams located far from London +" Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, ""The Show Must Go On"". Mercury was increasingly ill and could barely walk when the band recorded ""The Show Must Go On"" in 1990. Because of this, May had concerns about whether he was physically capable of singing it. Recalling Mercury's successful performance May states; ""he went in and killed it, completely lacerated that vocal"". The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come in to the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: “He just kept saying. 'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.’ He had no fear, really.” The band's second greatest hits compilation, Greatest Hits II, followed in October 1991, which is the eighth best-selling album of all time in the UK and has sold 16 million copies worldwide. Queen's Greatest Hits II has sold how many copies worldwide? ",Queen's Greatest Hits II has sold how many copies worldwide?, 16 million +"From the facts presented in 'The consultation on the redevelopment of Wan Chai Sports Ground has been conducted, Secretary for Home Affairs Lau Kong-wah says. Speaking to the media after attending a radio programme today, Mr Lau said a concrete timetable has yet been made on Wan Chai Sports Ground's redevelopment as the plan is still at a preliminary stage. The Home Affairs Bureau will assess the plan's impact on the sports sector once a proposal from the Trade Development Council is released and stakeholders' views are collected, he added.' , decide if the statement: 'Wan Chai Sports Ground includes at least one flat surface' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Wan Chai Sports Ground includes at least one flat surface,"{ entailment } the build of the sports ground was not specified, the system assumes so" +"From the information in: 'Operation Epsilon was the codename of a program in which Allied forces near the end of World War II detained ten German scientists who were thought to have worked on Nazi Germany's nuclear program. The scientists were captured between May 1 and June 30, 1945, as part of the Allied Alsos Mission, mainly as part of its Operation Big sweep through southwestern Germany.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The scientists were captured on May 5th.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The scientists were captured on May 5th.,"{ contradiction } The scientists could have been captured at any point between May 1 and June 30, 1945. The system can't figure out which day it is exactly. " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Lookout Mountain, elevation 6536 ft , is the second highest peak in Oregon's Mount Hood National Forest and the highest point in Badger Creek Wilderness. It sits about 8 miles east-southeast of Mount Hood, separated from it by the valley of the East Fork Hood River.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The highest peak in Mount Hood National Forest is in the East Fork Hood River valley.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The highest peak in Mount Hood National Forest is in the East Fork Hood River valley.,"{ contradiction } The highest mountain is not disclosed. Difficult because it assumes i meant it was the highest in the valley, not the park." +" Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis. When was Brazil colonized? ",When was Brazil colonized?," April 22, 1550 " +" The standard specifies how speed ratings should be reported by the camera. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is higher than the saturation-based speed, the noise-based speed should be reported, rounded downwards to a standard value (e.g. 200, 250, 320, or 400). The rationale is that exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image. In addition, an exposure latitude can be specified, ranging from the saturation-based speed to the 10:1 noise-based speed. If the noise-based speed (40:1) is lower than the saturation-based speed, or undefined because of high noise, the saturation-based speed is specified, rounded upwards to a standard value, because using the noise-based speed would lead to overexposed images. The camera may also report the SOS-based speed (explicitly as being an SOS speed), rounded to the nearest standard speed rating. What is another speed that can also be reported by the camera? ",What is another speed that can also be reported by the camera?, SOS-based speed +" When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will be much harder and stronger. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel. Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use. By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will alter its electrical characteristics, producing silicon steel. How is steel produced? ",How is steel produced?, Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron +" Napoleon's triumph at Marengo secured his political authority and boosted his popularity back home, but it did not lead to an immediate peace. Bonaparte's brother, Joseph, led the complex negotiations in Lunéville and reported that Austria, emboldened by British support, would not acknowledge the new territory that France had acquired. As negotiations became increasingly fractious, Bonaparte gave orders to his general Moreau to strike Austria once more. Moreau and the French swept through Bavaria and scored an overwhelming victory at Hohenlinden in December 1800. As a result, the Austrians capitulated and signed the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1801. The treaty reaffirmed and expanded earlier French gains at Campo Formio. Britain now remained the only nation that was still at war with France. Where did the victory for Napoleon that secured his political power and increased his popularity in France occur? ",Where did the victory for Napoleon that secured his political power and increased his popularity in France occur?, Marengo +"Given the context: 'Rock stars Aerosmith are to hold a free concert in Hawaii to placate angry fans who brought a legal case against them. The Walk This Way hitmakers cancelled a sold-out show in Maui two years ago, leaving hundreds of fans out of pocket. They filed a class action case, which claimed the band had pulled out in favour of a bigger gig in Chicago and a private show for car dealers in Oahu. Lawyers for the would-be concert-goers said Aerosmith had now agreed to put on a new show, and would pay all expenses.' , classify the statement: 'Lawyers forced aerosmith to host a new show' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Lawyers forced aerosmith to host a new show,{ neutral } It says lawyers agreed to them to host a show. The system is bad at synonyms +"From the facts presented in 'Happy Go Lovely is a 1951 British musical comedy film with Technicolor, directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Vera Ellen, David Niven, and Cesar Romero. The film was made and first released in the UK, and distributed in the US by RKO Radio Pictures in 1952.' , decide if the statement: 'H Bruce Humberstone is American.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",H Bruce Humberstone is American.,{ contradiction } The nationality of director does not necessarily correspond to that of the film. +"Using the premise: 'Stephen Thomas Ward (19 October 1912 – 3 August 1963) was an English osteopath and artist who was one of the central figures in the 1963 Profumo affair, a British political scandal which brought about the resignation of John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War, and contributed to the defeat of the Conservative government a year later.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Stephen Thomas Ward was born in October' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Stephen Thomas Ward was born in October,"{ contradiction } It is stated Stephen Thomas Ward lived from 19 October 1912 to 3 August 1963 and I stated Stephen Thomas Ward was born in October, this may have been hard for the system because it can't tell that was their birth and death years." +"Using the premise: 'The interdimensional hypothesis (IDH or IH), is an idea advanced by Ufologists such as Jacques Vallée that says unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and related events involve visitations from other ""realities"" or ""dimensions"" that coexist separately alongside our own. It is an alternative to the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Jacques Vallée is a full fledged supporter of extraterrestrial hypothesis today.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Jacques Vallée is a full fledged supporter of extraterrestrial hypothesis today.,{ contradiction } The statement does not say if Jacques Vallée believes in extraterrestrial hypothesis in the present day. +"Analyze the premise: 'One Night (French: 38 témoins ), also known as 38 Witnesses, is a 2012 Belgian-French drama film directed by Lucas Belvaux. It was written by Belvaux based on Didier Decoin's novel ""Est-ce ainsi que les femmes meurent?"". It premiered on 30 January 2012, at the International Film Festival Rotterdam. The film was nominated for seven Magritte Awards, winning Best Screenplay.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The film won best actor.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The film won best actor.,{ contradiction } This only says it won best screen play. Doesn't say if it won any other rewrds. +"Consider the premise in: 'Sin Dizzy was a Christian metal band co-founded by former Stryper members Oz Fox and Tim Gaines. The band was founded in the mid-1990s after Stryper had disbanded. Its members included young drummer and lead guitarist . Bass player Gaines described their sound as ""a cross between [the] Stone Temple Pilots and Nirvana"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Sin Dizzy was founded by former members of Stone Temple Pilots.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Sin Dizzy was founded by former members of Stone Temple Pilots.,{ entailment } Sin Dizzy wasn't founded by members of Stone Temple Pilots. AI might've gotten confused by context. +"From the facts presented in 'Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) is an association of cruise lines. It merged with International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL) in 2006, forming an expanded organization incorporating the existing functions of both organizations. The merged organization, which uses the CLIA name, is located in Washington, D.C.' , decide if the statement: 'CLIA does not own any boats' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",CLIA does not own any boats,{ neutral } System seems not to understand that cruise ship operators own boats +"With the given context: 'The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and electronic technicians to create electronic schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Proteus Design Suite was made by fetuses.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Proteus Design Suite was made by fetuses.,{ neutral } Fetuses can't make software. +" After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text ""The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text ""The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law."" If the upper house then approves the law, it sends it back to the government with the text ""To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."" What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law? ",What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law?," ""The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"" " +"Examine the information in 'Brobdingnagian Fairy Tales is a compilation of Irish pub songs, various pop culture inspired songs and parodies, and live versions of songs from the Bards' previous albums. A romantic Italian folk song, ""Santa Lucia,"" is also included. The song ""Happily Ever After"" was inspired by the children's book, ""The Paper Bag Princess"", and ""Buttercup's Lament"" was inspired by The Princess Bride.' Is the statement: 'Romantic Italian folk songs are written about the political class affairs in Italy.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Romantic Italian folk songs are written about the political class affairs in Italy.,{ contradiction } The text does not specify who romantic Italian folk songs are about. +"Analyze the premise: 'Emily Soldene (30 September 1838 – 8 April 1912) was an English singer, actress, director, theatre manager, novelist and journalist of the late Victorian era and the Edwardian period. She was one of the most famous singers of comic opera in the late nineteenth century, as well as an important director of theatre companies and later a celebrated gossip columnist.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'In April of 1909, Soldene visited a late Victorian director at a the Edwardian theatre' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In April of 1909, Soldene visited a late Victorian director at a the Edwardian theatre","{ contradiction } According to the context, we don't know what Soldene did in 1909." +" Some video compression schemes typically operate on square-shaped groups of neighboring pixels, often called macroblocks. These pixel groups or blocks of pixels are compared from one frame to the next, and the video compression codec sends only the differences within those blocks. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the variable bitrate. What only sends the differences within those pixels and blocks? ",What only sends the differences within those pixels and blocks?, macroblocks +"Reflect on the information in: 'Son of A Gun is the debut extended play single by Glasgow alternative rock group The Vaselines. The title-song of this EP came to a wider audience after Nirvana covered it, along with ""Molly's Lips"", on their compilation album ""Incesticide"". ""You Think You're A Man"" is a cover of a song written by the cult-film actor Divine, while the other two were written by Frances McKee and Eugene Kelly.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Son of A Gun is by a band from scottland' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Son of A Gun is by a band from scottland,{ contradiction } does not understand glasggow is in scottland +" This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues). Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women. What is the target age range of Hot AC stations? ",What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?, 18-54 +"Analyze the premise: 'More than 150 dolphins, marine turtles and beaked whales have been washed up dead on beaches in Africa.' . Classify the hypothesis: '151 dolphins washed up on beaches in Africa.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",151 dolphins washed up on beaches in Africa.,"{ entailment } There are more than 150 total, could be 151 dolphins, or maybe not...?" +"Considering the context: 'Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Group (""Purofesshonaru-resuringu Fujiwara-Gumi"", プロフェッショナルレスリング藤原組) was a shoot style professional wrestling promotion based in Japan, operating from 1991 to 1996. It was formed by Yoshiaki Fujiwara, Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Suzuki after the collapse of the Japanese UWF.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The collapse of the Japanese UWF inspired new wrestling groups to become established.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The collapse of the Japanese UWF inspired new wrestling groups to become established.,"{ neutral } The statement is definitely correct because the Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Group only formed after the collapse of the Japanese UWF, therefore the collapse allowed new groups to be formed." +"Given the detailed context: 'Kuch... Diiil Se is a Hindi language Indian television talk show series hosted by Smriti Irani, which premiered on SAB TV on June 23, 2003. The series is a discussion based show which primarily focuses on social issues where lawyers, cops, psychiatrists, doctors, social workers and celebrities answer viewer queries.', judge whether the statement: 'Diiil Se is a Hindi language Indian television talk show series hosted by SAB TV .' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Diiil Se is a Hindi language Indian television talk show series hosted by SAB TV .,{ entailment } Diiil Se is a Hindi language Indian television talk show series hosted by Smriti Irani not SAB TV. +"Examine the information in 'We have to be bold. We have to provide leadership. Now it's true that we disagree on this. The governor said that he doesn't think this problem is necessarily caused by people. He's for letting the oil companies into the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Houston has just become the smoggiest city in the country.' Is the statement: 'The oil companies are in Houston.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The oil companies are in Houston.,{ contradiction } The context says the governor supports letting the oil companies into the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge but doesn't say whether the oil companies are in Houston. +"Given the context: 'It should be a rainy morning in Ottawa-Gatineau — and a potentially snowy afternoon. Environment Canada says the rain should change to snow this morning as the temperature falls to around –1 C. Those flurries should end Monday evening, but it'll be cold and windy overnight with the low hitting –9 C. A wind chill making it feel like -16 will kick in and last through Tuesday. Tomorrow's forecast calls for sunshine and a daytime high of around –5 C. Follow along with the latest on Twitter.' , classify the statement: 'The snow is likely to be light and it will be hot' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The snow is likely to be light and it will be hot,{ neutral } Statement is contradicting parts of the text. Hard because of the language used +"Given the detailed context: 'KAUJ (100.9 FM, ""Oldies 101"") is a radio station licensed to serve Grafton, North Dakota. The station is owned by Simmons Broadcasting Inc. It airs an Oldies music format featuring satellite-fed programming from Scott Shannon's The True Oldies Channel from ABC Radio.', judge whether the statement: 'KAUJ specializes in playing music that was not recently released.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",KAUJ specializes in playing music that was not recently released.,"{ contradiction } It plays oldies music, which is not recently released." +" The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption. What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation? ",What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?, her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus +" About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry. Approximately 10% of the population consists of immigrants from Western countries, while 21% of the population is of non-Western origin (9% Moroccan, 5% Turkish, 3% Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean and 5% of other countries). Some of the city's boroughs have a relatively high percentage of originally non-Dutch inhabitants – i.e. Kanaleneiland 83% and Overvecht 57%. Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems. About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households). Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate. What boroughs are known for high crime ",What boroughs are known for high crime ," Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate " +"Examine the information in 'Young Belarus is the youth political block, founded by ""Young Front"" and some leaders of democratic movement on March 14, 2004. In 2009 Young Belarus became just another youth political organisation in Belarus; later that year Young Belarus has divided on two separate wings, both claiming to be the real Young Belarus:' Is the statement: 'Young Belarus has never left Belarus.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Young Belarus has never left Belarus.,{ contradiction } Young Belarus was not initially political. +"With the given context: 'How to defend against a psychological family violence claim
Keep records of all communications. Avoid speaking to someone who's accused you of psychological or emotional abuse unless those conversations can be recorded in some way. [substeps] When you do have to interact with them, do it over email or text message whenever possible so you can maintain a record of the conversation.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The article is directed at victims of psychological family violence.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The article is directed at victims of psychological family violence.,{ neutral } The article is directed at those accused of committing psychological family violence. +"With the given context: 'Training Command was the RAF's command responsible for flying and ground training from 1936 to 1940 and again from 1968 to 1977. Training Command was formed from Inland Area on 1 May 1936 and absorbed into RAF Support Command on 13 June 1977. From 27 May 1940 to 1 June 1968, Training Command did not exist as its functions were split into Flying Training Command and Technical Training Command.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The first flight took place in 1905.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The first flight took place in 1905.,"{ contradiction } I'm talking about the first flight ever in human history, so we don't know for sure just based on the information in the text. It's difficult because all of the years in the text are much higher than 1905, so it believes the statement is incorrect." +"Examine the premise: 'The Dream Synopsis EP is an extended play by The Last Shadow Puppets, released on 2 December 2016. It contains re-recordings of two songs from the band's second album, ""Everything You've Come to Expect"", as well as four cover versions that the band played during their 2016 tour. It was the final release of the band's second period of activity.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Dream Synopsis was released after 2015' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Dream Synopsis was released after 2015,"{ neutral } Yes, The Dream Synopsis was released in 2016, which is after 2015" +"From the facts presented in 'Robert Eric Hayes, Jr. is an American Bishop of the United Methodist Church (U.M.C.), currently serving in the the Oklahoma Annual Conference. Before being elected to the episcopacy in 2004, Hayes served as treasurer of the Texas Annual Conference. He has served as a pastor, District Superintendent, and college chaplain.' , decide if the statement: 'Robert Eric Hayes, Jr was elected to the episcopacy in a year whose digits sum up to 3.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Robert Eric Hayes, Jr was elected to the episcopacy in a year whose digits sum up to 3.","{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because he was elected in 2004, and (2+0+0+4) is 6, not 3. It's difficult because it's a very bizarre question and the system probably did not really know how to evaluate it." +" Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document ""failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution"". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III. What was Lord Goring's garden known as? ",What was Lord Goring's garden known as?, Goring Great Garden +" Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time? ",What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?, window tax +" In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit. Which musician attended Cass Tech? ",Which musician attended Cass Tech?, Donald Byrd +" The main international airport serving Kathmandu and thus Nepal is the Tribhuvan International Airport, located about six kilometers (6 km (3.7 mi)) from the city centre. Operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal it has two terminals, one domestic and one international. At present, about 22 international airlines connect Nepal to other destinations in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to cities such as Istanbul, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Islamabad, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly. Since 2013, Turkish Airlines connects Istanbul to Kathmandu. Regionally, several Nepali airlines operate from the city, including Agni Air, Buddha Air, Cosmic Air, Nepal Airlines and Yeti Airlines, to other major towns across Nepal. Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport? ","Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport?", 6 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Stannis Baratheon is a fictional character in the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation ""Game of Thrones"". He is the second son of Steffon Baratheon, the lord of Storm's End, and his wife Lady Cassana Estermont, and brother to Robert and Renly.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The name of George's brothers are Robert and Renly.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The name of George's brothers are Robert and Renly.,"{ entailment } Robert and Renly are not George (R. R. Martin)'s brothers, they are the brothers of the fictional character Stannis Baratheon. The reason I believe the AI was fooled was that I used the exact wording of ""Robert and Renly"", as well as using other words that appear directly in the text." +"Using the premise: 'The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli & Baloo is a 1997 American adventure film starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli, with Roddy McDowall and Billy Campbell in supporting roles. It is a live action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's ""The Jungle Book"" (not based on ""The Second Jungle Book"", as its title would suggest). The film was adapted for the screen by Bayard Johnson and Matthew Horton.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Roddy McDowall was the star that played Mowgli.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Roddy McDowall was the star that played Mowgli.,"{ neutral } It's wrong because Jamie Williams starred as Mowgli. I believe the way I worded the statement confused the system, as Roddy MDowall played a support role and was part of the sentence of actors that starred in it." +"From the information in: 'Frank and Jill's Vacation
Frank and Jill always wanted to travel to Europe. Neither of them made a lot of money. Both worked hard and saved up. Eventually they had enough money for their trip. They had a wonderful time and created amazing memories.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Frank made the most money for his and Jills trip to Europe.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Frank made the most money for his and Jills trip to Europe.,"{ contradiction } The reason is that it says they made money for the trip. I am saying that one made more than the other one for the trip. It could be true, but based on the statement it is neither correct nor inncorrect because there isnt enough context." +"With the given context: 'How to choose a dog breed good at fetch
Pick a border collie for a highly trainable dog. Border collies and other herding dogs are playful, smart, and energetic. Most will love to fetch and spend hours playing if you let them.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'This was not fun' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",This was not fun,{ contradiction } I think it is fair game to talk about all the other things that they heard and why they wrote the article the way they did and why they excluded quotes +" The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies. Best examples of Sicilian mosaic art are the Cappella Palatina of Roger II, the Martorana church in Palermo and the cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale. Why did the Normans adopt a Byzantine art style? ",Why did the Normans adopt a Byzantine art style?, enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule +"Examine the premise: 'Brazil star Neymar is expected to be back for the Selecao's two warm-up friendlies for the World Cup next month. National team doctor Rodrigo Lasmar said that the 26-year-old should be fit to face Croatia in Liverpool on June 3 and Austria in Vienna a week later, reported the Globo Esporte website. The Paris St Germain striker was expected to rejoin club training this morning after a foot surgery in March.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Neymar was covering from foot surgery from March to early June' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Neymar was covering from foot surgery from March to early June,"{ neutral } The context says that Neymar had foot surgery in March, but is expected to be fit to play on a match on 3 June. So it is correct to say he was recovering from March to early June. The system probably found it hard to connect the two dates to injury recovery" +" While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal. How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg? ",How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?, seven-year +"Examine the premise: 'Dyson Lovell is a film producer and actor born on 28 August 1936. He produced amongst others, the Franco Zeffirelli ""Hamlet"", starring Mel Gibson (1990), and Francis Ford Coppola's 1984 box-office flop ""The Cotton Club"", starring Richard Gere and Diane Lane.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the cotton club was considered his best work by fans despite its success' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the cotton club was considered his best work by fans despite its success,"{ contradiction } it is unknown if a certain film is considered the best by his fans, a box office flop does not make a film bad by anyones standards" +" Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises. What does NBS stand for? ",What does NBS stand for?, National Building Specification +"From the facts presented in 'Commander Christine Jones (born 1964 or 1965) is a senior British police officer serving with London's Metropolitan Police Service (""the Met""). As of 2014, she is the Met's senior officer responsible for mental health and for domestic violence; she also the leads the Association of Chief Police Officers' (ACPO) National Mental Health Working Group.' , decide if the statement: 'Christine Jones began serving with London's Metropolitan Police Service in 1964.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Christine Jones began serving with London's Metropolitan Police Service in 1964.,"{ neutral } Since she was born in 1964, this is not possible, but since it used keywords that were all from the passage, the model was fooled." +"Given the detailed context: 'Veronica Loretta ""Roni"" Stoneman (born May 5, 1938) is a noted bluegrass banjo player and former member of the television variety show ""Hee Haw"" gang having played the role of Ida Lee Nagger, the ironing, nagging wife of Laverne Nagger (Gordie Tapp).', judge whether the statement: 'Veronica Stoneman pursued two different career paths.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Veronica Stoneman pursued two different career paths.,{ neutral } it was probably difficult because it was vague. It was definitely correct because she was both a musician and an actress. +" Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story ""Octopussy"" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983. Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming. With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation. In which Bond story did the name Oberhauser first appear? ",In which Bond story did the name Oberhauser first appear?, Octopussy +"Given the premise: 'LONDON, July 5 (IFR) - ABN AMRO has hired Laura Crosbie to work in its public sector debt capital markets business, according to market sources. ABN AMRO and Crosbie did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Crosbie joins from Natwest Markets, where she had worked in the DCM origination frequent borrower group since 2010, according to her LinkedIn profile.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'ABN AMRO finds Laura Crosbie to be a competent person that they would like to have as an employee.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",ABN AMRO finds Laura Crosbie to be a competent person that they would like to have as an employee.,"{ neutral } The company hired her, so it can be assumed that they find her competent." +" Non-religious Umayyad mosaic works were mainly floor panels which decorated the palaces of the caliphs and other high-ranking officials. They were closely modeled after the mosaics of the Roman country villas, once common in the Eastern Mediterranean. The most superb example can be found in the bath house of Hisham's Palace, Palestine which was made around 744. The main panel depicts a large tree and underneath it a lion attacking a deer (right side) and two deers peacefully grazing (left side). The panel probably represents good and bad governance. Mosaics with classical geometric motifs survived in the bath area of the 8th-century Umayyad palace complex in Anjar, Lebanon. The luxurious desert residence of Al-Walid II in Qasr al-Hallabat (in present-day Jordan) was also decorated with floor mosaics that show a high level of technical skill. The best preserved panel at Hallabat is divided by a Tree of Life flanked by ""good"" animals on one side and ""bad"" animals on the other. Among the Hallabat representations are vine scrolls, grapes, pomegranates, oryx, wolves, hares, a leopard, pairs of partridges, fish, bulls, ostriches, rabbits, rams, goats, lions and a snake. At Qastal, near Amman, excavations in 2000 uncovered the earliest known Umayyad mosaics in present-day Jordan, dating probably from the caliphate of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705). They cover much of the floor of a finely decorated building that probably served as the palace of a local governor. The Qastal mosaics depict geometrical patterns, trees, animals, fruits and rosettes. Except for the open courtyard, entrance and staircases, the floors of the entire palace were covered in mosaics. At Qastal in 2000 the earliest examples of what were found in Jordan? ",At Qastal in 2000 the earliest examples of what were found in Jordan?, Umayyad mosaics +" Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively. What is the population of New York City as of 2014? ",What is the population of New York City as of 2014?," 8,491,079 " +" After independence, Dutch was dropped as an official language and replaced by Malay. Yet the Indonesian language inherited many words from Dutch: words for everyday life as well as scientific and technological terms. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words can be traced back to Dutch words, many of which are transliterated to reflect phonetic pronunciation e.g. kantoor (Dutch for ""office"") in Indonesian is kantor, while bus (""bus"") becomes bis. In addition, many Indonesian words are calques on Dutch, for example, rumah sakit (Indonesian for ""hospital"") is calqued on the Dutch ziekenhuis (literally ""house of the sick""), kebun binatang (""zoo"") on dierentuin (literally ""animal garden""), undang-undang dasar (""constitution"") from grondwet (literally ""ground law""). These account for some of the differences in vocabulary between Indonesian and Malay. What is the Indonesian calque for the Dutch word that literally translates as ""animal garden""? ","What is the Indonesian calque for the Dutch word that literally translates as ""animal garden""?", kebun binatang +" Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913, in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model. In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation. If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus, the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus. Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should do what? ","In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should do what?", radiate electromagnetic radiation +" Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991. What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples? ",What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?, Pan-Slavism +" Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is? ",What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?, Duplications +" In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities including the development of party manifestos, party constitutions and campaigning skills. Developing links between ideologically linked parties is another common feature of international support for a party. Sometimes this can be perceived as directly supporting the political aims of a political party, such as the support of the US government to the Georgian party behind the Rose Revolution. Other donors work on a more neutral basis, where multiple donors provide grants in countries accessible by all parties for various aims defined by the recipients. There have been calls by leading development think-tanks, such as the Overseas Development Institute, to increase support to political parties as part of developing the capacity to deal with the demands of interest-driven donors to improve governance. What do international donors do to promote democracy? ",What do international donors do to promote democracy? , provide financing to political parties in developing countries +" The relationships adolescents have with their peers, family, and members of their social sphere play a vital role in the social development of an adolescent. As an adolescent's social sphere develops rapidly as they distinguish the differences between friends and acquaintances, they often become heavily emotionally invested in friends. This is not harmful; however, if these friends expose an individual to potentially harmful situations, this is an aspect of peer pressure. Adolescence is a critical period in social development because adolescents can be easily influenced by the people they develop close relationships with. This is the first time individuals can truly make their own decisions, which also makes this a sensitive period. Relationships are vital in the social development of an adolescent due to the extreme influence peers can have over an individual. These relationships become significant because they begin to help the adolescent understand the concept of personalities, how they form and why a person has that specific type of personality. ""The use of psychological comparisons could serve both as an index of the growth of an implicit personality theory and as a component process accounting for its creation. In other words, by comparing one person's personality characteristics to another's, we would be setting up the framework for creating a general theory of personality (and, ... such a theory would serve as a useful framework for coming to understand specific persons)."" This can be likened to the use of social comparison in developing one’s identity and self-concept, which includes ones personality, and underscores the importance of communication, and thus relationships, in one’s development. In social comparison we use reference groups, with respect to both psychological and identity development. These reference groups are the peers of adolescents. This means that who the teen chooses/accepts as their friends and who they communicate with on a frequent basis often makes up their reference groups and can therefore have a huge impact on who they become. Research shows that relationships have the largest affect over the social development of an individual. What has the largest affect over one's social development? ",What has the largest affect over one's social development?, relationships +" All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried. In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived. The Juyuan Middle School, where many teenagers were buried, was excavated by civilians and cranes. Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise. How many highways leading into Wenchuan were damaged? ",How many highways leading into Wenchuan were damaged?, All of the highways +"With the given context: 'How to find last minute travel deals
Shop around at various travel search websites. These websites collect data on various prices and bargains offered by airports, car rental services, and hotels. Many of these websites also have special sections dedicated to providing last minute deals.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'All websites have good deals' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",All websites have good deals,"{ neutral } Not every website has a deal that considered ""good"" if another website offers a better price. It follows that the original less good price can be considered in this context ""bad""" +" Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo). What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in? ",What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?, boomerang +"With the premise: 'Mexico's new president, Felipe Calderon, seems to be doing all the right things in cracking down on Mexico's drug traffickers. He's appointed new people to key military and criminal justice positions, deployed troops to quell drug violence, reasserted federal police power, extradited a few major traffickers to the United States, and given a green light to legislation clarifying Mexico's drug laws. But all this provides little reason to hope that Mexico has really turned a corner in its efforts to control the illegal drug trade. For a guide to what's in store, one need only look at past sexenios (the six year terms of Mexican presidents).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Past Mexican presidents have been unsuccessful in fighting the drug trade' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Past Mexican presidents have been unsuccessful in fighting the drug trade,"{ neutral } From the context, it's obvious that what past presidents have done hasn't worked to fight the drug trade. I think it was difficult for the system because it's a fairly generalized statement. " +"Using the premise: 'Revisited is a 1960 album by Tom Lehrer, consisting of live recordings of all the songs from 1953's ""Songs by Tom Lehrer"". The CD reissue of the album contains two additional tracks that Lehrer wrote and performed for the PBS television show ""The Electric Company"" (and produced and conducted by Joe Raposo).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Revisited contained no studio tracks.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Revisited contained no studio tracks.,{ neutral } Revisited contained only recordings of live performances. +" A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that ""the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime"" in his presence ""might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom"". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners ""is and ever was and ever shall be, as good"" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854. Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife? ",Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?, committing adultery +" China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title ""emperor"" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202–195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. What ultimately caused the Qin dynasty's authority to be dissolved? ",What ultimately caused the Qin dynasty's authority to be dissolved?, rebellion +" The Swingle Singers used nonsense words to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments. Like the other groups, examples of their music can be found on YouTube. Beatboxing, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized by the hip-hop community, where rap is often performed a cappella also. The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements. Petra Haden used a four-track recorder to produce an a cappella version of The Who Sell Out including the instruments and fake advertisements on her album Petra Haden Sings: The Who Sell Out in 2005. Haden has also released a cappella versions of Journey's ""Don't Stop Believin'"", The Beach Boys' ""God Only Knows"" and Michael Jackson's ""Thriller"". In 2009, Toyota commissioned Haden to perform three songs for television commercials for the third-generation Toyota Prius, including an a cappella version of The Bellamy Brothers' 1970s song ""Let Your Love Flow"".[citation needed] On what website can many a capella groups' music be listened to? ",On what website can many a capella groups' music be listened to?, YouTube +" In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf. Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season. In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe. For what style of shirts Arsenal known ? ",For what style of shirts Arsenal known ?, red and white +" The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the ""peak of Napoleonic warfare,"" according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: ""Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered."" Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight. How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia? ",How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia?," 180,000 " +" The term ""push-pull"" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. ""Push"" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected. ""Pull"" means that certain stimuli (semiochemical stimuli, pheromones, food additives, visual stimuli, genetically altered plants, etc.) are used to attract pests to trap crops where they will be killed. There are numerous different components involved in order to implement a Push-Pull Strategy in IPM. What is one thing that can be used to pull pests? ",What is one thing that can be used to pull pests?, food additives +" In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex. The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area churches, skyscrapers, and mansions. Inside Detroit, meanwhile, hosts tours, educational programming, and a downtown welcome center. Other sites of interest are the Detroit Zoo in Royal Oak, the Cranbrook Art Museum in Bloomfield Hills, the Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory on Belle Isle, and Walter P. Chrysler Museum in Auburn Hills. What Detroit gallery opened in 2010? ",What Detroit gallery opened in 2010?, G.R. N'Namdi Gallery +" The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967. The Times is based in what major British city? ",The Times is based in what major British city?, London +"Using the premise: 'Roberto Javier Mora García (c. 1962 – 16 March 2004) was a Mexican journalist and editorial director of ""El Mañana"", a newspaper based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. He worked for a number of media outlets in Mexico, including the ""El Norte"" and ""El Diario de Monterrey"", prior to his assassination.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Roberto Javier Mora García died of old age in 2004' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Roberto Javier Mora García died of old age in 2004,"{ neutral } The context states that Roberto Javier Mora García was assassinated, so he did not die of old age but was instead murdered. The system might not know that ""assassination"" implies death. " +" Von Neumann's habilitation was completed on December 13, 1927, and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928. By the end of 1927, von Neumann had published twelve major papers in mathematics, and by the end of 1929, thirty-two papers, at a rate of nearly one major paper per month. His reputed powers of speedy, massive memorization and recall allowed him to recite volumes of information, and even entire directories, with ease. In 1929, he briefly became a privatdozent at the University of Hamburg, where the prospects of becoming a tenured professor were better, but in October of that year a better offer presented itself when he was invited to Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928? ",Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928?, University of Berlin +" Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Hanafiyyah himself may have had no connection to the revolt. The troops of al-Mukhtar engaged in battles both with the Umayyads in 686, defeating them at the river Khazir near Mosul, and with Ibn al-Zubayr in 687, at which time the revolt of al-Mukhtar was crushed. In 691, Umayyad troops reconquered Iraq, and in 692 the same army captured Mecca. Ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the attack. When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin? ",When did Abd al-Malik's rule begin?, 685 +" As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood. At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest? ",At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest?, twenty-five +"Based on the details provided in: 'Prom Night IV: Deliver Us from Evil is a 1992 Canadian slasher horror film directed by Clay Borris and starring Nicole de Boer and J.H. Wyman. The film follows a deranged Catholic priest who begins murdering teenagers on their prom night. It is the fourth and final film in the ""Prom Night"" franchise. Like the previous , it was released briefly in theaters before later being released to video.' , determine if the claim: 'The movie will have a sequel.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The movie will have a sequel.,{ neutral } It states that Prom Night IV is the last one. +"Examine the information in 'Sportivo Atlético Club is an Argentine sports club, from the city of Las Parejas, in the Santa Fe Province. Although many sports are practised in the club, it is mostly known for its football and basketball teams. The football squad currently plays in the Torneo Argentino B, the regionalised 4th division of the Argentine football league system).' Is the statement: 'Sportivo Atlético Club has a baseball team' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sportivo Atlético Club has a baseball team,{ contradiction } It says many sports are played but doesn't list them all +" Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 320-hectare (790-acre) Hampstead Heath of North London, and Epping Forest, which covers 2,476 hectares (6,118.32 acres) in the east. Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation. Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, the former stately home and a popular location in the summer months where classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, walking, horse riding, golf, angling, and orienteering. What famous London gardens were named as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003? ",What famous London gardens were named as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003?, Kew Gardens +"Examine the information in 'A Version of Now is the first solo studio album by Australian rock musician Peter Garrett, which was released in July 2016 on Sony Music Entertainment Australia. The album follows Garrett's retirement from Australian politics at the 2013 federal election.' Is the statement: 'Pater Garrett recorded a solo studio album before A Version of Now' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Pater Garrett recorded a solo studio album before A Version of Now,"{ entailment } This is incorrect because it says A version of now was his first solo studio album, so he obviously didnt record one before it. I think the system has a hard time with timelines" +" Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may bruise and seep blood, and the stress of shock will accelerate oxygen consumption leading to hypoxia. Injuries caused by rapid decompression are called barotrauma. A pressure drop of 13 kPa (100 Torr), which produces no symptoms if it is gradual, may be fatal if it occurs suddenly. What causes barotrauma? ",What causes barotrauma?, rapid decompression +"With the premise: 'How to deal with talkative students
Use proximity to attempt to quiet the student first. Simply stand near the talking student to get them to quiet down. Without interrupting your instruction, move near the talker, continuing to talk.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'This is something that you should know how to do.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",This is something that you should know how to do.,{ entailment } It doesn't say if this is an innate skill. +"Given the detailed context: 'How to resize digital photos
Open the web application of your choice. There are many web services that will resize your images for free. You will need to upload your image to the site and then choose your resize options.', judge whether the statement: 'Photo resizing should be done on the webservice' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Photo resizing should be done on the webservice,{ entailment } Photo resizing requires one to upload their photo to the web service then choose a resize option +" The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. A record 3.3 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2006, a 13% increase over 2005. How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport? ",How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport?, 11 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 181814 July [O.S. 1 July] 1910 ) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is considered to be the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.' , determine if the claim: 'Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa died in July' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa died in July,{ neutral } It is stated that Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa lived from 11 March 1818 to 14 July 1910. I think this was difficult for the system because of the way the statement was worded in the original text. +"From the facts presented in 'HMS ""Achille"" was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was built by Cleverley Bros., a private shipyard at Gravesend, and launched on 16 April 1798. Her design was based on the lines of the captured French ship ""Pompée"" . She was the fourth Royal Navy ship to be named after the Greek hero Achilles in the French style.' , decide if the statement: 'Cleverley Bros. built four Royal Navy ships.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Cleverley Bros. built four Royal Navy ships.,"{ entailment } It's neither correct nor incorrect because we don't know how many ships in total used by the Royal Navy that they built. It's difficult for the system because it probably looks at ""the fourth Royal Navy ship"" and assumes that's the answer to the question." +"Considering the context: 'Inertia is the second studio album by keyboardist Derek Sherinian, released in 2001 through InsideOut Music. This album marks the beginning of Sherinian's longtime collaborations with drummer Simon Phillips as well as guitarists Steve Lukather and Zakk Wylde.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Steve Lukather and Zakk Wylde both appeared on Derek Sherinians third studio album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Steve Lukather and Zakk Wylde both appeared on Derek Sherinians third studio album.,{ contradiction } It's implied that Derek Sherinian continued to make music and produced a third studio album. It's also stated that he frequently collaborated with Lukather and Wylde from that point on and it's likely that one or both would be on his next album. Not positive though. +"With the given context: 'Getty Images Former Bears, Broncos and Panthers head coach John Fox probably won’t roam an NFL sideline again, but he has another job. Fox was hired by ESPN as a studio analyst, Richard Deitsch of The Athletic reports. Although he wasn’t known as the most media-friendly coach during his days in the NFL, the 63-year-old Fox will now move into an analyst role that has previously been filled by former coaches like Herm Edwards and Bill Parcells. The most prominent job on ESPN, Monday Night Football analyst, remains unfilled.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'John Fox is under 60 years old.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",John Fox is under 60 years old.,"{ entailment } It said he was 63. My statement said he is under 60, which is definitely wrong. " +" The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festival of Vestalia, they participated directly in the rites of Parilia, Parentalia and Fordicidia. Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation. For what state artifacts did the Vestals care? ",For what state artifacts did the Vestals care?, Lares and Penates +" In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honour a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website. In the first instance, Dell offered a 19"" LCD panel for $15. In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900). Concerning the E4300, rather than honour the discount taking a significant loss, the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT$20,000 (US$625) a customer in compensation. The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT$1 million (US$31250) for customer rights infringements. Many consumers sued the firm for the unfair compensation. A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price. The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes, as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice in Taiwanese website within 3 weeks. What did dell sell for $19 in Taiwan? ",What did dell sell for $19 in Taiwan?," 19"" LCD " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Black Robe, first published in 1985, is a historical novel by Brian Moore set in New France in the 17th century. Its central theme is the collision of European and Native American cultures soon after first contact. First Nations peoples historically called French Jesuit priests ""Black Robes"" because of their religious habit.' , determine if the claim: 'Black Robe is a novel set in New France in the mid 1600s' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Black Robe is a novel set in New France in the mid 1600s,"{ entailment } It is set in the 17th century, so that could be early 1600s mid or late 1600s, so my statement could be correct or incorrect" +"With the premise: 'How to finish wood
Sand down the wood. Wood will have flaws like scratches and dents. Whether marks have come from the machines at the mills, or it has become scratched or gouged during handling, or from wear and tear.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The wood will be the best.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The wood will be the best.,{ contradiction } you will enjoy this process. +"Examine the premise: 'And the compounding rate of interest effect will make it more likely that the Social Security system is solvent for our children and our grandchildren. I will work with Republicans and Democrats. It'll be a vital issue in my second term. It is an issue that I am willing to take on, and so I'll bring Republicans and Democrats together.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The author of the quote is a man.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The author of the quote is a man.,"{ entailment } Based on the information provided it is obvious that the author of the quote is a politician, but it is impossible to say if they are a man or a woman. Because of that the statement that the author of the quote is a man is neither correct nor incorrect, because it is impossible to be determined based on the information provided. I think the system got tricked because most politicians are men and maybe the quote sounds more like something a man would say." +"Consider the premise in: 'Berry Street is an independent Community Service Organisation and Australian charity. Established in 1877, protecting and caring for children has been the common thread throughout their history. Berry Street’s vision is that all children have a good childhood, growing up feeling safe, nurtured and with hope for the future.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Berry Street has been an independent Community Service Organisation for over 150 years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Berry Street has been an independent Community Service Organisation for over 150 years.,{ entailment } Incorrect. It will be true in 2027. +" Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections. How many votes did Buhari get? ",How many votes did Buhari get?," 12,214,853 " +"Given the context: 'Kiss of the Spider Woman is a musical with music by John Kander and Fred Ebb, with the book by Terrence McNally. It is based on the Manuel Puig novel ""El Beso de la Mujer Araña"". The musical had runs in the West End (1992) and Broadway (1993) and won the 1993 Tony Award for Best Musical.' , classify the statement: 'Kiss of the Spider Woman was was a musical written without the help of a woman writer.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Kiss of the Spider Woman was was a musical written without the help of a woman writer.,{ contradiction } The Kiss of the Spider Woman had no female writers or producers. The AI was unable to determine if the names presented by the agent was male or female. +" In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where there is evidence that the new neurons play a role in storing newly acquired memories. With these exceptions, however, the set of neurons that is present in early childhood is the set that is present for life. Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan. What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories? ",What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus +" Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي‎ Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the ""Brotherly Leader"" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010. What was Gaddafi's position when he was considered the ""Brotherly Leader""? ","What was Gaddafi's position when he was considered the ""Brotherly Leader""?", the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011 +" Like many Australian cities, Melbourne has a high dependency on the automobile for transport, particularly in the outer suburban areas where the largest number of cars are bought, with a total of 3.6 million private vehicles using 22,320 km (13,870 mi) of road, and one of the highest lengths of road per capita in the world. The early 20th century saw an increase in popularity of automobiles, resulting in large-scale suburban expansion. By the mid 1950s there was just under 200 passenger vehicles per 1000 people by 2013 there was 600 passenger vehicles per 1000 people. Today it has an extensive network of freeways and arterial roadways used by private vehicles including freight as well as public transport systems including bus and taxis. Major highways feeding into the city include the Eastern Freeway, Monash Freeway and West Gate Freeway (which spans the large West Gate Bridge), whilst other freeways circumnavigate the city or lead to other major cities, including CityLink (which spans the large Bolte Bridge), Eastlink, the Western Ring Road, Calder Freeway, Tullamarine Freeway (main airport link) and the Hume Freeway which links Melbourne and Sydney. Which freeway spans the large Bolte Bridge? ",Which freeway spans the large Bolte Bridge?, CityLink +"Given the context: 'Anna Katharina Wienhard (born 1977) is a German mathematician whose research concerns differential geometry, and especially the use of higher Teichmüller spaces to study the deformation theory of symmetric geometric structures. She is a professor at Heidelberg University.' , classify the statement: 'Anna Wienhard teaches elementary math.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Anna Wienhard teaches elementary math.,"{ neutral } The passage states that Anna Wienhard teaches math at the university, not elementary level. " +"Given the premise: 'Donald ""The Great Santini"" Conroy (April 4, 1921 – May 9, 1998) was a United States Marine Corps colonel and a member of the famed Black Sheep Squadron during the Korean War. He was also a veteran of World War II and of two tours of duty in Vietnam. He is best known for being the inspiration for the character LtCol. ""Bull"" Meecham in ""The Great Santini"" which was written by his son Pat Conroy.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Donald Conroy died after Y2K' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Donald Conroy died after Y2K,"{ neutral } Y2K was an event turning into the year 2000, he died in 1998" +" Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed] Takshashila University. One of the teachers was the great Vedic thinker and politician Chanakya. Taxila was a great centre of learning and intellectual discussion during the Maurya Empire. It is a UN World Heritage site, valued for its archaeological and religious history. What is said to be the world's oldest university? ",What is said to be the world's oldest university?, Takshashila University +"Given the premise: 'This is only the fourth time that the Security Council has imposed sanctions, the earlier cases being against Rhodesia, South Africa and, most recently, Iraq.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Security Council has imposed sanctions on at least one country that is on the continent of Asia.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Security Council has imposed sanctions on at least one country that is on the continent of Asia.,{ neutral } The Security Council imposed sanctions on Iraq and Iraq is located on the continent of Asia. +" Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane[a] and Jules Brulatour. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons. For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution. In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created? ",In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created?, 1908 +" The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks of measles and smallpox ravaged their population. Increasing punishment of the Taínos for revolting against forced labour, despite measures put in place by the encomienda, which included religious education and protection from warring tribes, eventually led to the last great Taíno rebellion. Who was the first group of indigenous people Columbus encountered? ",Who was the first group of indigenous people Columbus encountered?," the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola " +"Given the detailed context: 'How to have a life when you are home schooled
Join a homeschool group or co-op. Groups and co-ops for homeschooled kids and their parents get together for academic, arts and crafts, community service activities, field trips, and even shared classes. You'll meet other kids who understand what you experience through homeschooling.', judge whether the statement: 'groups and co-ops are for the parents too.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",groups and co-ops are for the parents too.,{ neutral } the groups and co-ops are for the children and the parents to get together. I think the system only recognized that they're for the children? +"From the information in: 'Subsequently, the reporters were, if memory serves, approximately eight days ago, subpoenaed to testify by the plaintiffs in the case-in-chief. Yet another motion to quash or for alternative relief was filed by the reporters through Mr. Benn's office.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The reporters were subpoenaed to testify less than a week ago, according to this person's memory.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The reporters were subpoenaed to testify less than a week ago, according to this person's memory.","{ entailment } According to this person's memory, they were subpoenaed approximately 8 days ago, which is not less than a week ago. It's difficult because the text mentions days, whereas the statement mentions weeks, so this might have confused the system." +"Given the premise: 'Edward John McClernand (December 29, 1848 – February 9, 1936) was a United States Army Brigadier General who was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for valor in action near the Bear Paw Mountains, Montana on September 30, 1877. An 1870 graduate of West Point, his career spanned 42 years, as he served in the Army until his retirement on December 29, 1912.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Edward John McClernand joined an Antarctic expedition.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Edward John McClernand joined an Antarctic expedition.,{ contradiction } Edward John McClernand was also Canadian. +" In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. Under the Travancore Kingdom of Kerala, (India), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. History provides many examples of elaborate sumptuary laws that regulated what people could wear. In societies without such laws, which includes most modern societies, social status is instead signaled by the purchase of rare or luxury items that are limited by cost to those with wealth or status. In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice. What can peer pressure influence? ",What can peer pressure influence?, clothing choice +"Considering the context: 'They must be thinned out -- and that paling taken down .
I think a good deal can be done with it .
As for the house -- well , let us see the inside . ''
Willard unlocked the door and showed Miss Sally over the place .
Miss Sally poked and pried and sniffed and wrinkled her forehead , and finally stood on the stairs and delivered her ultimatum .
`` This house can be done up very nicely .
Paint and paper will work wonders .
But I would n't paint it outside .
Leave it that pretty silver weather-grey and plant vines to run over it .' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The house is perfect inside' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The house is perfect inside,{ neutral } According to the statement the inside of the house needs to be worked out making my statement false. I honestly don't know how my statement fooled the model. I'm guessing that my general statements fooled it. +"Given the detailed context: 'All right. Now, previously, on September 12th, the Court entered an order which went to the motion for reconsideration. That related specifically to -- filed by the reporters. That went specifically to our August 2nd order which, in effect, said that the reporters would have to testify at certain depositions.', judge whether the statement: 'September only has eleven days.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",September only has eleven days.,"{ neutral } If something was entered on September 12th, we know from the context that September has more than eleven days, so the statement that September only has eleven days is definitely incorrect." +"Given the premise: 'The Salta–Antofagasta railway, also named Huaytiquina, is a non-electrified single track railway line that links Argentina and Chile passing through the Andes. It is a railway with a total length of 941 km (571 in Argentina and 330 in Chile), connecting the city of Salta (Argentina) to the one of Antofagasta (Chile), on the Pacific Ocean, passing through the Puna de Atacama and Atacama Desert.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Salta–Antofagasta railway is almost less than 571 km long' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Salta–Antofagasta railway is almost less than 571 km long,{ entailment } It is a railway with a total length of 941 km +" From July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25% the mass of Triton. Neptune's innermost four moons—Naiad, Thalassa, Despina and Galatea—orbit close enough to be within Neptune's rings. The next-farthest out, Larissa, was originally discovered in 1981 when it had occulted a star. This occultation had been attributed to ring arcs, but when Voyager 2 observed Neptune in 1989, Larissa was found to have caused it. Five new irregular moons discovered between 2002 and 2003 were announced in 2004. A new moon and the smallest yet, S/2004 N 1, was found in 2013. Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods. What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989? ",What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989?, Voyager 2 +" In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called pups or puppies, from French poupée, until they are about a year old. The process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp. What is the father of a litter referred as? ",What is the father of a litter referred as?, sire +"From the facts presented in 'Keystone is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in central Keith County, Nebraska, United States. It lies along local roads near the North Platte River, northeast of the city of Ogallala, the county seat of Keith County. Its elevation is 3,100 feet (945 m). Although Keystone is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 69144.' , decide if the statement: 'The elevation of Keystone is not more than 3,000 feet.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The elevation of Keystone is not more than 3,000 feet.","{ entailment } The context mentions that Keystone's elevation is 3,100 feet. As such, it must be over 3,000 feet. The system could have been fooled by the use of a negative in the statement, or perhaps thought the elevation pertained to the city of Ogallala instead." +"Analyze the premise: 'Give Us Our Skeletons! (Antakaa Meille Luurankomme in Finnish, Oaivveskaldjut in North Sami) is a 1999 documentary film directed by Paul-Anders Simma about Niillas Somby, a Sami man who retraces his family ancestry as he searches for the head of his ancestor, Mons Somby.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Niillas Somby was not from Finland.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Niillas Somby was not from Finland.,"{ contradiction } We only know that he is Sami, he could be from Norway, Sweden or Finland." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Alkali Lake is a geographic sink in Lake County, Oregon, United States. It is in the Alkali Subbasin of the Summer Lake Basin watershed in southeastern Oregon, located 26 miles east of Christmas Valley, Oregon, northeast of Lake Abert, to the immediate west of Abert Rim and Highway 395.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Alkali Lake is located to the East of the Pacific Ocean.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Alkali Lake is located to the East of the Pacific Ocean.,"{ neutral } Alkali Lake is located in Oregon which is East of the Pacific Ocean and, therefore, must mean that a like contained within Oregon is also East of the Pacific Ocean." +"Considering the context: 'The 2010 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2010 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 4 January through 9 January 2010. Yanina Wickmayer won the singles title.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'ASB is a classic tournament.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",ASB is a classic tournament.,"{ neutral } The 2010 ASB Classic, its name say it itself. " +" In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses. In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale. In June 2010, Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields. Why did Shell sell some of its assets in March 2010? ",Why did Shell sell some of its assets in March 2010?, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme +"Given the context: 'A Mother's Gift is a 2001 novel by pop music singer Britney Spears and her mother, Lynne Spears. It is their second book together, following 2000's ""Heart-to-Heart"". The novel is loosely based on Britney's life. Popular reactions to the novel in spaces like Amazon were mixed. In 2012, rumors of a third novel sequel surfaced.' , classify the statement: 'A Mother's Gift came out before Heart-to-Heart.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",A Mother's Gift came out before Heart-to-Heart.,{ entailment } Heart-to-Heart was the first book released. The system had the facts confused in the narrative. +"Given the context: 'The pet passport is a pink A4 sheet which contains the microchip number and certification that the dog has a rabies vaccination, and needs to be signed by a veterinary surgeon who has LVI status. The passport is not to be confused with the much smaller purple folder routinely issued by vets which records the complete vaccination history of the pet.' , classify the statement: 'The pet passport is for international travel.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The pet passport is for international travel.,{ neutral } The pet passport is a pink A4 sheet which contains the microchip number and certification that the dog has a rabies vaccination. The system was confused by the context. +" J'ouvert, or ""Dirty Mas"", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. It means """"opening of the day"". Revelers dress in costumes embodying puns on current affairs, especially political and social events. ""Clean Mud"" (clay mud), oil paint and body paint are familiar during J'ouvert. A common character is ""Jab-jabs"" (devils, blue, black or red) complete with pitchfork, pointed horns and tails. A King and Queen of J'ouvert are chosen, based on their witty political/social messages. What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about? ",What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?," current affairs, " +" Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to ""fantasies, attachments and longings."" Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors. People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'. The term may, however, reflect a certain cultural context and particular stage of transition in societies which are gradually dealing with integrating sexual minorities. In studies related to sexual orientation, when dealing with the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behaviors and identity match, scientists usually use the terms concordance or discordance. Thus, a woman who is attracted to other women, but calls herself heterosexual and only has sexual relations with men, can be said to experience discordance between her sexual orientation (homosexual or lesbian) and her sexual identity and behaviors (heterosexual). What is sexual identity defined as? ",What is sexual identity defined as?, individual's conception of themselves +" Religious knowledge or ""vision"" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of ""meditation"" coupled with the perfection of ""discipline"" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some of the Buddha's meditative techniques were shared with other traditions of his day, but the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of ""transcendent wisdom"" (Pali paññā; Skt. prajñā) was original.[web 18] There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what? ",There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what?, transcendent wisdom +"Examine the premise: '""First Date"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent, released on October 3, 2012, as a single from his upcoming sixth studio album ""Street King Immortal"", set to be released in second quarter of 2013 after his fifth studio album, Animal Ambition. The song, produced by 45 Music, features fellow American rapper Too Short.' and assess if the subsequent statement: '50 Cent did not release any more songs after this one came out.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",50 Cent did not release any more songs after this one came out.,{ contradiction } It could be possible that 50 Cent didn't make any more music after the release of this song. The system did not know how to answer that because we don't know any more information on 50 Cent's history. +" In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians. Led by a research team from the Egyptian Museum and the University of California, the scientists used oxygen isotope analysis to examine hairs from two baboon mummies that had been preserved in the British Museum. One of the baboons had distorted isotopic data, so the other's oxygen isotope values were compared to those of present-day baboon specimens from regions of interest. The researchers found that the mummies most closely matched modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia, which they suggested implied that Punt was likely a narrow region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea. Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located? ",Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located?, region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea +"Based on the details provided in: 'Nick Tandy (born 5 November 1984) is a professional British racing driver currently racing for Porsche Motorsport as a factory driver in the FIA World Endurance Championship LMP1 class. He won the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans with co-drivers Earl Bamber and Nico Hülkenberg.' , determine if the claim: 'Nick Tandy was born in the United States' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nick Tandy was born in the United States,{ contradiction } The context says he was British but that does not necessarily mean he was born there +" The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting. Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level? ",Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?, boss +" Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253. Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs. Kublai also made Drogön Chögyal Phagpa the director of the government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs and the ruling priest-king of Tibet, which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies. Who became the second Karmapa Lama? ",Who became the second Karmapa Lama?, Karma Pakshi +" Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross. To promote the film, Beyoncé released ""Listen"" as the lead single from the soundtrack album. In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1] Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira ""Beautiful Liar"". What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack? ",What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack?, Listen +"Given the premise: 'Mountain Moonlight is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Nick Grinde and written by Mauri Grashin, John W. Krafft, Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan. The film stars Leon Weaver, Frank Weaver, June Weaver, Betty Jane Rhodes, John Archer and Kane Richmond. The film was released on July 12, 1941, by Republic Pictures.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Mountain Moonlight was written by several people including a man and a woman that have the same last name.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Mountain Moonlight was written by several people including a man and a woman that have the same last name.,{ neutral } The statement refers to a man and a woman having the same last name and being two of several persons who wrote the movie Mountain Moonlight. The statement does not mention the last name but references that its the same for two persons. The system was probably looking for the name and not a reference about the name of the writers. +" The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened. What do bison still remain? ",What do bison still remain?, near-threatened +" Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame. Upon occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless. This less-nuanced, but commonly repeated formulation has received criticisms from philosophers such as Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler. Stephen Hawking makes a connection between time and what? ",Stephen Hawking makes a connection between time and what?, the Big Bang +"With the given context: 'Japanese Devils (or Riben Guizi 日本鬼子 ) is a Japanese documentary about the war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army between 1931 and 1945. The documentary is a series of interviews with 14 Japanese veterans of the Second Sino-Japanese War who recount rape, massacres, bio-experiments, and cannibalism. The accuracy of these interviews is contested by Japanese nationalist critics.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Japanese Devils is a true story' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Japanese Devils is a true story,"{ neutral } Japanese Devils is a documentary, which is a true story" +" Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder. Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records. As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940. His parents' only surviving son, he had three older sisters. Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life. He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate. Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing. ",Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing.," was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya " +" The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of ""free association"" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated ""Compact Impact"" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed] What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau? ","What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?", The Compacts of Free Association +"Given the detailed context: 'Glaring Through Oblivion is a 2011 book of poetry written by Serj Tankian, the Armenian-American lead singer of the band System of a Down. It is his second book of poetry, after ""Cool Gardens"" (2002). ""Glaring Through Oblivion"" was published by HarperCollins Publishers and printed in China, and released on March 22, 2011.', judge whether the statement: 'Glaring Through Oblivion is written by the singer of a popular band' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Glaring Through Oblivion is written by the singer of a popular band,{ entailment } It doesn't state if the band is popular. It is +" A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it. How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry? ",How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?, 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city +" The Allied army relocated without problems to the south and the heavy artillery was brought ashore with batteries and connecting trenches built so that by 10 October some batteries were ready and by 17 October—when the bombardment commenced—126 guns were firing, 53 of them French.:430 The fleet at the same time engaged the shore batteries. The British bombardment worked better than the French, who had smaller caliber guns. The fleet suffered high casualties during the day. The British wanted to attack that afternoon, but the French wanted to defer the attack. A postponement was agreed, but on the next day the French were still not ready. By 19 October the Russians had transferred some heavy guns to the southern defenses and outgunned the allies.:431 When the continuous attack started, how many guns were firing? ","When the continuous attack started, how many guns were firing?", 126 guns +" During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initially, only seven of the pre-War states remained: Baden (in part), Bavaria (reduced in size), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (enlarged), Saxony, and Thuringia. The states with hyphenated names, such as Rhineland-Palatinate, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt, owed their existence to the occupation powers and were created out of mergers of former Prussian provinces and smaller states. Former German territory that lie east of the Oder-Neisse Line fell under either Polish or Soviet administration but attempts were made at least symbolically not to abandon sovereignty well into the 1960s. However, no attempts were made to establish new states in these territories as they lay outside the jurisdiction of West Germany at that time. No single state comprised of how much of the population after World War II? ",No single state comprised of how much of the population after World War II?, 30% +"Consider the premise in: 'We need the independence to make sure that the office will not interfere with the military structure whatsoever and that it will act as an ombudsman for people in the military structure, either family members in the military, the military personnel themselves or civilian members of the Canadian Armed Forces who are involved with the military.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'We need the independence to make sure that the office tv show will not interfere with the military structure' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",We need the independence to make sure that the office tv show will not interfere with the military structure,"{ neutral } It says it needs to be sure that the office will not interfere, not ""the office tv show"" because it has nothing to do with that." +" In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama. The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts? ",The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?, Buddha relics +"Given the detailed context: 'Jacques Santer succeeded Jacques Delors as president of the European Commission in 1995, the second Luxembourger to hold this high office.', judge whether the statement: 'Jacques Santer and Jacques Delors were both presidents of the European Commission and both of them were from Luxembourg.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jacques Santer and Jacques Delors were both presidents of the European Commission and both of them were from Luxembourg.,"{ entailment } Based on the text Jacques Santer succeeded Jacques Delors as president of the European Commission and also Jacques Santer was from Luxembourg. We don't know if Jacques Delors was from Luxembourg, maybe he was from France, which makes the statement neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. I think the system got confused, because the first part of the statement is correct and based on the text one can wrongfully assume that both Jacques Santer and Jacques Delors are Luxembourgers." +" The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise their own algorithms suitable for removing parts of the information from the audio input. As a result, there are many different MP3 encoders available, each producing files of differing quality. Comparisons are widely available, so it is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice. An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates (such as LAME) is not necessarily as good at lower bit rates. Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder? ",Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder?, MPEG-1 +"Given the premise: 'Drifters is a British sitcom that stars Jessica Knappett, Lydia Rose Bewley and Lauren O'Rourke as three female friends who live in Leeds following their graduation from university. All three actresses had previously appeared together in ""The Inbetweeners Movie"". Four series were broadcast, between 2013 and 2016.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The show featured three non partnered lesbian feature characters.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The show featured three non partnered lesbian feature characters.,{ entailment } There was no mention of sexual orientation or relationship status. Any orientation and relationship status would be possible since none was mentioned. +" Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rationalism, most importantly the idea that rational concepts can be meaningful and the idea that rational concepts necessarily go beyond the data given by empirical observation. In later years he even emphasized the concept-driven side of the then ongoing debate between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the ""data-driven"" strict-empiricist view. Who formed the basis for modern scientific method? ",Who formed the basis for modern scientific method?, Charles Peirce +"Examine the information in 'Don Number One (Bengali: ডন নাম্বার ওয়ান ) is a 2012 action Bangladeshi film directed by Bodiul Alam Khokon. The film stars Shakib Khan in the lead role and Shahara and Misha Showdagor in other prominent roles. It is a remake of 2007 Telugu action film ""Don"" directed by Lawrence starring Akkineni Nagarjuna. The film released on Eid al-Adha of 27 October 2012.' Is the statement: 'Without the film Don 2007, Don Number One would be the original' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Without the film Don 2007, Don Number One would be the original","{ neutral } If the first film hadn't existed or been made, the second one - Don Number One - wouldn't be a remake" +"From the information in: 'Jim, one of the issues that I would like to close with in my statement is education, because it's an example of the overall approach that I think is important. This race is about values, it's about change, it's about giving choices to the American people.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The statement was addressed to a man whose full name may be James.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The statement was addressed to a man whose full name may be James.,{ neutral } System missed that Jim is usually short for James +" Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics. What physical activity plays a major part in Estonian society? ",What physical activity plays a major part in Estonian society?, Sport +" The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27). What is Tucson's ABC station? ",What is Tucson's ABC station?, KGUN 9 +" The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military threat; rather, it has identified weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states as the overriding threats to Britain's interests. The MoD also manages day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement. The UK consists of what two areas? ",The UK consists of what two areas?, Great Britain and Northern Ireland +" Her Diamond Jubilee in 2012 marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider Commonwealth, and beyond. In a message released on Accession Day, she stated: ""In this special year, as I dedicate myself anew to your service, I hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family, friendship and good neighbourliness ... I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart"". She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf. On 4 June, Jubilee beacons were lit around the world. On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781. What celebration marks 60 years for Elizabeth as Queen? ",What celebration marks 60 years for Elizabeth as Queen?, Diamond Jubilee +"From the information in: 'Magnus is a Belgian joint dance project of Tom Barman (from the rock band dEUS) and CJ Bolland. Magnus' debut album, ""The Body Gave You Everything"", was released on March 29, 2004. Two of its tracks, ""Summer's Here"" and ""Jumpneedle"", were released as singles.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Tom Barman was born in March 1964.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tom Barman was born in March 1964.,"{ contradiction } Nothing is mentioned in the text about when he was born, so we don't know either way. It's difficult because March 2004 is mentioned, so this likely confused the system." +"From the facts presented in 'Bernardo Provenzano (] ; 31 January 1933 – 13 July 2016) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia (""Cosa Nostra"") and was suspected of having been the head of the Corleonesi, a Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone, and de facto ""capo di tutti capi"" (boss of all bosses) of the entire Sicilian Mafia until his arrest in 2006.' , decide if the statement: 'It was never confirmed that Bernardo Provenzano was the leader of the Corleonesi.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",It was never confirmed that Bernardo Provenzano was the leader of the Corleonesi.,{ neutral } Provenzano was only suspected as the leader of the mafia. It wasn't confirmed. +" Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour. Which Miami causeway has the smallest size? ",Which Miami causeway has the smallest size?, Broad +" Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the giant planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune.[c] Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 astronomical units (4.50×109 km). Named after the Roman god of the sea, its astronomical symbol is ♆, a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident. What planet is Neptune's near-twin? ",What planet is Neptune's near-twin? , Uranus +"Given the context: 'The Choice is a 2016 American romantic drama film directed by Ross Katz and written by Bryan Sipe, based on Nicholas Sparks' 2007 novel of the same name about two neighbors who fall in love at their first meeting. The movie stars Benjamin Walker, Teresa Palmer, Maggie Grace, Alexandra Daddario, Tom Welling and Tom Wilkinson.' , classify the statement: 'Benjamin Walker and Teresa Palmer played the parts of the neighbors.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Benjamin Walker and Teresa Palmer played the parts of the neighbors.,{ entailment } The text doesn't mention which characters the actors play. +" Though the country's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have been strained, relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections. After years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions, the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations on 13 January 2012 The European Union has placed sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid. What did the United States do in response to the reform changes of the 2010 Burma elections ? ",What did the United States do in response to the reform changes of the 2010 Burma elections ? , the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations +"Examine the premise: 'Here is a list of all of KF Tirana's Cup seasons from 1939 till end of most recent season. This list shows where they finished the season, how many ties won or lost, how many goals they scored and conceded, how many wins draws and losses they had throughout the season, goal difference, winning difference and number of matches played.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'KF Tirana has never won a Cup since 1939' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",KF Tirana has never won a Cup since 1939,{ contradiction } The context says that there is a list showing the numbers of wins and losses. It is possible the number of wins is 0. The context never says that they won a Cup. The computer likely assumed that because wins are mentioned that means they've won. +" New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might. On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept? ","On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept?", freedom +"Consider the premise in: 'The Home Depot, Inc. or Home Depot is an American home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. The company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in unincorporated Cobb County, Georgia (with an Atlanta mailing address).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Home Depot sells table saws.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Home Depot sells table saws.,"{ neutral } A table saw is a tool but because it is not specifically mentioned, the AI is confused." +" Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars. The players, teachers and composers included Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio. During the Golden age itself (1880s-1920s), the mandolin had a strong presence in France. Prominent mandolin players or composers included Jules Cottin and his sister Madeleine Cottin, Jean Pietrapertosa, and Edgar Bara. Paris had dozens of ""estudiantina"" mandolin orchestras in the early 1900s. Mandolin magazines included L'Estudiantina, Le Plectre, École de la mandolie. Where in France did the mandolinists play? ",Where in France did the mandolinists play?, Paris +" The aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings led to the Company gaining control of all India (except for the Punjab and Sindh), and some part of the then kingdom of Nepal under the Sugauli Treaty. The Indian Princes had become vassals of the Company. But the expense of wars leading to the total control of India strained the Company's finances. The Company was forced to petition Parliament for assistance. This was the background to the Charter Act of 1813 which, among other things: EIC reached out to parliament for help with finances. this lead to which Act? ",EIC reached out to parliament for help with finances. this lead to which Act?, Charter Act of 1813 +" Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful. During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule? ",During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?, 1402–1424 +" The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919 nor by the Basic Law (Constitution) of 1949. Three Länder call themselves Freistaaten (Free States, which is the old-fashioned German expression for Republic), Bavaria (since 1919), Saxony (originally since 1919 and again since 1990), and Thuringia (since 1994). There is little continuity between the current states and their predecessors of the Weimar Republic with the exception of the three free states, and the two city-states of Hamburg and Bremen. How many free states are there in Germany? ",How many free states are there in Germany?, three +"Given the premise: 'I have seen no indication that these Liberal members who sit on the justice committee and others who well over a year ago unanimously sent to the justice committee a supply day motion by the Reform Party that called for action are serious in any way about addressing the very serious crime of impaired driving.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Liberal members don't take crime seriously.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Liberal members don't take crime seriously.,{ entailment } It is unclear if Liberal members take crime seriously. The system was confused by the context. +" Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased back to the Company at £40,000 for two years. Under the Act's most important provision, a governing Council composed of five members was created in Calcutta. The three members nominated by Parliament and representing the Government's interest could, and invariably would, outvote the two Company members. The Council was headed by Warren Hastings, the incumbent Governor, who became the first Governor-General of Bengal, with an ill-defined authority over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. His nomination, made by the Court of Directors, would in future be subject to the approval of a Council of Four appointed by the Crown. Initially, the Council consisted of Lt. General Sir John Clavering, The Honourable Sir George Monson, Sir Richard Barwell, and Sir Philip Francis. The British Government created a how many man council in Calcutta? ",The British Government created a how many man council in Calcutta?, five +"Given the context: 'In 1986 he became the head of London European Airways, a business in which Ryanair had bought an 85% stake. This position, however, quickly disappeared as the carrier became Ryanair UK and was then merged entirely with Ryanair. Over the next decade, Cathal worked both on the executive board of the airline and as a pilot, although he resigned from the latter by 1996. He remained with Ryanair until leaving the board 2002, by which time he was a multi-millionaire due to the success of the airline.' , classify the statement: 'Cathal left the board of Ryanair in an even-numbered year.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cathal left the board of Ryanair in an even-numbered year.,"{ contradiction } He left in 2002, which is an even number. It's difficult because the system doesn't seem to understand even/odd numbers." +" In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983. In what year did CDs come to the American market? ",In what year did CDs come to the American market?, 1983 +"From the facts presented in 'How to make taquitos
Heat the oil until it reaches 350 ° f (177 ° c). Place a heavy-bottomed pan with straight sides on the stove. Pour 2-inches (5-cm) of vegetable oil into the pan, and heat it over medium heat until the oil hits the right temperature on a deep fry thermometer.' , decide if the statement: 'Taquitos can be prepared and stored in the fridge before frying.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Taquitos can be prepared and stored in the fridge before frying.,{ contradiction } There is no reason why they can't be prepared early. +"Examine the premise: 'How to wake up in the middle of the night
Practice by waking up at the same time for a month. Nerves in your brain control your body's clock, known as your circadian rhythm. This rhythm is established by following a predictable routine, which is why you are able to wake up at the same time on the weekend as you are during the week if all factors are equal.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'You can wake up in the middle of the night seven times.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",You can wake up in the middle of the night seven times.,{ contradiction } It is not stated clearly in the paragraph. +" With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were taken over by the terrorist group which enforced its brand of Sharia law. The kidnapping and decapitation of numerous Western journalists and aid-workers also garnered interest and outrage among Western powers. The US intervened with airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories and assets in August, and in September a coalition of US and Middle Eastern powers initiated a bombing campaign in Syria aimed at degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory. What actions did ISIL take against Western journalists and aid workers? ",What actions did ISIL take against Western journalists and aid workers?, kidnapping and decapitation +" The torch was lit at a park outside at AT&T Park at about 1:17 pm PDT (20:17 UTC), briefly held aloft by American and Chinese Olympic officials. The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour. There were clashes between thousands of pro-China demonstrators, many of whom said they were bused in by the Chinese Consulate and other pro-China groups, and both pro-Tibet and Darfur protesters. The non-Chinese demonstrators were reported to have been swamped and trailed by angry crowds. Around 2 pm PDT (21:00 UTC), the torch resurfaced about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the stadium along Van Ness Avenue, a heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans. Television reports showed the flame flanked by motorcycles and uniformed police officers. Two torchbearers carried the flame running slowly behind a truck and surrounded by Olympic security guards. During the torch relay, two torchbearers, Andrew Michael who uses a wheelchair and is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change, and an environmental advocate, Majora Carter, managed to display Tibetan flags in protest, resulting in their ejection from the relay. The closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was canceled due to the presence of large numbers of protesters at the site. The torch run ended with a final stretch through San Francisco's Marina district and was then moved by bus to San Francisco International Airport for a makeshift closing ceremony at the terminal, from which the free media was excluded. San Jose Mercury News described the ""deceiving"" event as ""a game of Where's Waldo, played against the landscape of a lovely city."" International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said the San Francisco relay had ""fortunately"" avoided much of the disruptions that marred the legs in London and Paris, but ""was, however, not the joyous party that we had wished it to be."" Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco? ",Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco?, San Francisco International Airport +" Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, ""There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."" Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church? ",Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church?," Newport, Rhode Island " +" The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete. What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935? ",What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?, electromechanical +"Considering the context: 'Makri (Greek: Μάκρη) is a village and a municipal district of the city of Alexandroupoli, Evros regional unit, Greece. In 2011 its population was 924 for the village, and 1,919 for the municipal district. It is situated on the Aegean Sea coast, 12 km west of downtown Alexandroupoli. Makri has an exit on the Egnatia Odos motorway, that passes north of the village.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Makri is south of the Egnatia Odos motorway' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Makri is south of the Egnatia Odos motorway,{ contradiction } The Egnatia Odos motorway passes north of Makri +"Examine the premise: 'The Chase is an American television quiz show based on the British program of the same name. The show premiered on August 6, 2013, on Game Show Network (GSN). It is hosted by Brooke Burns, and features Mark Labbett (nicknamed ""The Beast"") as the ""chaser"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Chase premiered on August 6, 20133' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The Chase premiered on August 6, 20133","{ entailment } I it stated that The Chase premiered on August 6, 2013 but I added an extra ""3"" to the text. I think this was hard for the system because the text was so similar." +" Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises ""on the soul"").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called the ""flying man"" argument in the Psychology of The Cure I.1.7 as defense of the argument that the soul is without quantitative extension, which has an affinity with Descartes's cogito argument (or what phenomenology designates as a form of an ""epoche""). In an argument by Avicenna, the soul is without what? ","In an argument by Avicenna, the soul is without what?", quantitative extension +" The city's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The airport was home to the local airline Air Southwest, which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland. In June 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-west and the possible closure of airports. It concluded that the best option for the south-west was to close Plymouth City Airport and expand Exeter International Airport and Newquay Cornwall Airport, although it did conclude that this was not the best option for Plymouth. In April 2011, it was announced that the airport would close, which it did on 23 December. However, FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by 2018, which will provide daily services to various destinations including London. What local airport closed in 2011? ",What local airport closed in 2011?, Plymouth City Airport +" A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed] What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from? ",What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?, hunting +" 2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less ""Swedish progressive house"" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept of ""Dirty Dutch"", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc. Elsewhere, fusion genres derivative of 2000s progressive house returned to prominence, especially with the help of DJs Calvin Harris, Eric Prydz, Mat Zo, Above & Beyond and Fonzerelli in Europe, Deadmau5, Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson and Wolfgang Gartner in the US and Canada. The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's ""Marry the Night"", The Black Eyed Peas' ""The Best One Yet (The Boy)"" and the will.i.am and Britney Spears ""Scream & Shout"". Big room house found increasing popularity since 2010, particularly through international dance music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival. Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year? ",Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?, 2010 +" Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, ""Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders"". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices in Beaverton, Oregon, led to allegations of management intimidating workers, requiring them to attend anti-union meetings and unwarranted disciplinary action for union members. In 2011, Comcast received criticism from Writers Guild of America for its policies in regards to unions. What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do? ",What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do?, attend anti-union meetings +" Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed ""any other parts of Germany"" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union. Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate? ",Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate? , Saar Protectorate +"Considering the context: 'The Zora Neale Hurston House was the home of author Zora Neale Hurston in Fort Pierce, Florida. It was originally located at 1734 School Court but was moved north 500 feet in 1995 to 1734 Avenue L to allow for expansion of Lincoln Park Academy, the school at which Hurston taught. On December 4, 1991, it was designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Zora Neale Hurston House still stands today' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Zora Neale Hurston House still stands today,"{ neutral } The Zora Neale Hurston House is a protected landmark, therefore it follows that energy and resource have been allocated to ensure it's survival. A simple google search will also confirm this assertion." +"Given the context: 'The Securities and Exchange Commission's new rule to beef up the independence of mutual fund boards represents an industry defeat.' , classify the statement: 'The Securities and Exchange Commission deals with the banks.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Securities and Exchange Commission deals with the banks.,{ contradiction } It is unclear if the Securities and Exchange Commission deals with the banks. The system was confused by the context. +" Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song ""Flying Without Wings"" with his single release from the show ""This Is the Night"", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer. What was Aiken's single release named? ",What was Aiken's single release named?, This Is the Night +" Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of neglect or ignorance of the law, and the rule of law is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it. Government based upon the rule of law is called nomocracy. What happens to the rule of law if a government does not have an effective system for maintenance and restoration? ",What happens to the rule of law if a government does not have an effective system for maintenance and restoration?, decay +"From the facts presented in 'Walter Harris (born 1925) is a British author and broadcaster. He is the author of ten published novels, several volumes of poetry, numerous articles and spoken word recordings. Recordings of his interviews and broadcasts are held at the BBC Sound Archive and the British Library.' , decide if the statement: 'Walter Harris has lived his whole live in the UK.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Walter Harris has lived his whole live in the UK.,{ contradiction } We know he is British but cannot conclude if he lived in Britain his whole life. +" Allied submarines did not adopt a defensive posture and wait for the enemy to attack. Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without help to survivors.[nb 13] At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific the Dutch Admiral in charge of the naval defense of the East Indies, Conrad Helfrich, gave instructions to wage war aggressively. His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname ""Ship-a-day Helfrich"". The Dutch force were in fact the first to sink an enemy warship; On 24 December 1941, HNLMS K XVI torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer Sagiri. Who was the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies? ",Who was the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?, Conrad Helfrich +" Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usually without dreaming) sleep, which repeat in slightly varying patterns throughout a sleep episode. Three broad types of distinct brain activity patterns can be measured: REM, light NREM and deep NREM. During deep NREM sleep, also called slow wave sleep, activity in the cortex takes the form of large synchronized waves, whereas in the waking state it is noisy and desynchronized. Levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin drop during slow wave sleep, and fall almost to zero during REM sleep; levels of acetylcholine show the reverse pattern. Slow wave sleep is also known as what? ",Slow wave sleep is also known as what?, deep NREM sleep +" There is no single definition of an ""aircraft carrier"", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments. Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, former head of the Royal Navy, has said that ""To put it simply, countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"". Who said, ""countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers""? ","Who said, ""countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers""?", Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope +"Examine the premise: 'Allium campanulatum is a species of wild onion known by the common name dusky onion or Sierra onion. This is a flowering plant native to the western United States from southeastern Washington and northern Oregon to southern California, and western Nevada. The dusky onion grows in foothills and mountains, especially in dry areas, such as chaparral habitats.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Northern Oregon is south of Southern California.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Northern Oregon is south of Southern California.,{ entailment } That northern Oregon Cannot be south of Southern California is on the basis that California is south of Oregon. Perhaps the multiple uses of south confused the system. +" When maintenance is performed on asphalt pavements, such as milling to remove a worn or damaged surface, the removed material can be returned to a facility for processing into new pavement mixtures. The asphalt/bitumen in the removed material can be reactivated and put back to use in new pavement mixes. With some 95% of paved roads being constructed of or surfaced with asphalt, a substantial amount of asphalt pavement material is reclaimed each year. According to industry surveys conducted annually by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 99% of the asphalt removed each year from road surfaces during widening and resurfacing projects is reused as part of new pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments. How much of yearly acquired asphalt is reclaimed? ",How much of yearly acquired asphalt is reclaimed?, 99% +" 40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing. In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run? ",In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?, West Harlem +" In the dicotyledons, the bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex. In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue known as cambium. By the formation of a layer of cambium between the bundles (interfascicular cambium), a complete ring is formed, and a regular periodical increase in thickness results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside. The soft phloem becomes crushed, but the hard wood persists and forms the bulk of the stem and branches of the woody perennial. Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings. What results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside? ",What results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside?, increase in thickness +" Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use. In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object? ","In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object?", hen +" The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for? ","Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?", sensory capabilities +"From the information in: 'Unverified claims that Donald Trump watched prostitutes urinate on one another in a ""golden shower"" routine in Moscow have inspired a stream of jokes. Now, James Bond is on the fun. In a clever intro Wednesday, ""The Daily Show with Trevor Noah"" spoofed the opening of the 1964 007 movie ""Goldfinger."" Only now the title is ""Goldshower"" and the words that Shirley Bassey sang in the original film have changed, as has the cast. Vladimir Putin as ""Nipples""? That's worth the price of admission. Watch the parody above and compare it to the real ""Goldfinger"" opening below. h/t Uproxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'the agent is aged 20' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the agent is aged 20,{ contradiction } doesnt state his age +"Given the detailed context: 'TORONTO, March 7 (Reuters) - The Canadian dollar weakened to a session low against the greenback after data showed the domestic economy unexpectedly shed jobs in February. At the same time, investors were also taking in data south of the border that showed U.S. job growth accelerated last month. The Canadian dollar was at C$1.1055 to the greenback, or 90.46 U.S. cents, weaker than Thursday's close of C$1.0992, or 90.98 U.S. cents. The loonie hit a session low of C$1.1064 shortly after the data was released.', judge whether the statement: 'Toronto is the most populous city in Canada.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Toronto is the most populous city in Canada.,"{ neutral } Toronto is objectively the most populous city in Canada, but i'm sure the system doesn't apply population data." +" An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team. What is 'a demonstration' another term for? ",What is 'a demonstration' another term for?, exhibition game +"Consider the premise in: 'Finding Neverland is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca label, of the 2004 film ""Finding Neverland"" starring Johnny Depp, Kate Winslet, Julie Christie, Radha Mitchell and Dustin Hoffman. The original score and songs were composed and produced by Jan A. P. Kaczmarek.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Johnny Depp composed the songs in the soundtrack for the movie ""Finding Neverland"".' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Johnny Depp composed the songs in the soundtrack for the movie ""Finding Neverland"".","{ entailment } It states ""The original score and songs were composed and produced by Jan A. P. Kaczmarek"". Johnny Depp acted in the film, but did not compose the songs." +"Given the premise: 'St Mary Magdalene's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, England. It was founded in 1893 and built in 1907 in the Gothic Revival style. It is situated on the corner of Sea Road and Magdalen Road opposite Station Road and Bexhill railway station in the centre of the town. It was designed by Arthur Young and is a Grade II listed building.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'St Mary Magdalene's Church has been visited by people in England.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",St Mary Magdalene's Church has been visited by people in England.,{ neutral } It is in England so it must have been visited by people in England. +" Napoleon instituted lasting reforms, including higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime. It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France. His dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire paved the way to German Unification later in the 19th century. The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the country and was a major event in American history. What did the Organic Articles regulate in France? ",What did the Organic Articles regulate in France?, public worship +" Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals. How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there? ",How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?, Only a few +" The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as ""the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr,"" that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations. When did the Islamic Golden age start? ",When did the Islamic Golden age start?, 622 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Fong Sai-yuk (, aka The Legend of Fong Sai-yuk, or simply, The Legend) is a 1993 Hong Kong action and comedy film directed by Corey Yuen starring Jet Li as Chinese folk hero Fong Sai-yuk. The film won the Hong Kong Film Award and Golden Horse Award for best action choreography. The film received positive reviews praising Josephine Siao's acting and the action choreography.' , determine if the claim: 'Fong Sai-yuk has an O.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Fong Sai-yuk has an O.,{ contradiction } An O is present. +"Given the detailed context: 'Darryl Devon Smith Jr. (born February 24, 1989), better known as D.J. Smith, is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers out of Appalachian State University in the sixth round (186th pick overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft.', judge whether the statement: 'DJ Smith had graduated from Appalachian State University before he went on the be drafted in the 6th round of the 2011 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers better known as the Cheeseheads.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",DJ Smith had graduated from Appalachian State University before he went on the be drafted in the 6th round of the 2011 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers better known as the Cheeseheads.,{ contradiction } It is not stated in the paragraph if DJ Smith did graduate or not. +"Examine the premise: 'Te Rerenga is a locality on the Whangapoua Harbour, Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. State Highway 25 runs through it. Coromandel is 12 km to the west. Whitianga lies to the south east. The Waitekuri and Opitonui Rivers flow from the Coromandel Range in the west and south through the area to drain in the Whangapoua Harbour.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'You could not walk from Australia to Te Rerenga' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",You could not walk from Australia to Te Rerenga,{ neutral } australia and new zealand are not connected +" France used the right moment and occupied Alger in 1830. In 1831 Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who was the most powerful vassal of the Ottoman Empire, claimed independence. Ottoman forces were defeated in a number of battles, and Egyptians were ready to capture Constantinople, which forced the sultan Mahmud II to seek for Russian military aid. 10 000 Russian army corps landed on the Bosphorus shores in 1833 and helped to prevent the capture of Constantinople, thus the possible disappearance of the Ottoman Empire was prevented. How many Russians troops were sent to the Bosphorus shores? ",How many Russians troops were sent to the Bosphorus shores?, 10 000 +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to grow roses organically
Plant the roses in a sunny garden with enough space for them to grow. During the first 1-2 years, water them often enough to keep the soil moist at all times. After that, water the plant with equal amounts of water 2-3 times per week.' . Does the hypothesis: 'roses grow in 2 weeks' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",roses grow in 2 weeks,{ neutral } states 1-2 years in narrative +" Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territories surrounding it as the 51st state in the Union. The American State of Canaan, is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia, political science and sociologist, in March 2009, proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories. Who wrote the book The American State of Canaan? ",Who wrote the book The American State of Canaan?, Alfred de Grazia +" Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. (A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent.) In 2011, campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent. An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent. Who advises a bill to be granted or refused? ",Who advises a bill to be granted or refused?, Lord Chancellor +"Considering the context: 'Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 21 July 1994 to 24 June 2007. He previously served as Leader of the Opposition from 21 July 1994 to 2 May 1997. He is the most recent British Labour Party leader to have won a general election.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Anthony Charles Lynton Blair lived his whole life in the United Kingdom.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Anthony Charles Lynton Blair lived his whole life in the United Kingdom.,"{ contradiction } We only know that Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; he may have lived elsewhere for a short period. The algorithm may not know that Britain is part of the United Kingdom, either." +"Examine the information in 'Ginny Fields (born November 30, 1945 in Newport News, Virginia) represented the 5th District in the New York State Assembly, which includes parts of the Long Island towns of Brookhaven and Islip, including Centereach, Farmingville, Fire Island, Holbrook, Holtsville, Lake Ronkonkoma, Selden, Bayport, Bohemia, Oakdale, Ronkonkoma, Sayville, and West Sayville.' Is the statement: 'Fields lived where she was born' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Fields lived where she was born,"{ neutral } Fields was born in Virginia, but went to live in New York per the article" +"With the given context: 'The Lawrence Brown House, better known as the L.B. Brown House is the home of Lawrence Bernard Brown a self-made businessman, community leader, and master carpenter. The importance of the L.B. Brown House is that it may be the only home built by a former enslaved person, left in Florida. The house ""stands as a living testimony to one person's triumph over adversity.""' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'LB BRown House is no longer open.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",LB BRown House is no longer open.,{ neutral } It is still open. +" Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms. The series of reforms includes the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, the granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners, new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes, a relaxation of press censorship, and the regulation of currency practices. In what direction is the government of Burma ultimately attempting to go? ",In what direction is the government of Burma ultimately attempting to go?, reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy +"Considering the context: 'Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó is a football team based in La Vall d'Uixó, in Castellón province, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Spain. Founded in 1975, it plays in Regional Preferente – Group 1. Its stadium is ""José Mangriñán"", which has a capacity of 4,000 seats.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó stadium was founded in nineteen hundred and seventy five.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Unión Deportiva Vall de Uxó stadium was founded in nineteen hundred and seventy five.,{ contradiction } I spelled our the year but it was correct +"Considering the context: 'How to send an anonymous text
Create a new e-mail account for yourself. You don't want to use your personal account since the sender will be able to view your personal information (name, e-mail address, etc. ).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'You should use someone's elses email.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",You should use someone's elses email.,{ neutral } It says to create a new email account. The system was confused by the context. +"Using the premise: 'Alix Bancourt is a fashion blogger who goes by the name The Cherry Blossom Girl. She is based in Paris, France. The title of Alix's blog, The Cherry Blossom Girl, comes from the French band Air's song ""Cherry Blossom Girl"". Her blog is written in French and translated to English by Victoria Morrison.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Alex Bancourt speaks german' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Alex Bancourt speaks german,"{ contradiction } Because it is unknown weather this person speaks German or not, but the statement did not say she did not speak German so it is a possibility" +" Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species. What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins? ",What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?, 2010s +" Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by Roxana. After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon, a compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus (as Philip III) should become king, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy (as it was, becoming Alexander IV). Perdiccas himself would become regent (epimeletes) of the empire, and Meleager his lieutenant. Soon, however, Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered, and assumed full control. The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire, but Perdiccas' position was shaky, because, as Arrian writes, ""everyone was suspicious of him, and he of them"". Who order the death of Meleager? ",Who order the death of Meleager?, Perdiccas +" The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP). The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range. How high can compression rates go? ",How high can compression rates go?, 1:500 +" Saint FM Community Radio took over the radio channels vacated by Saint FM and launched on 10 March 2013. The station operates as a limited-by-guarantee company owned by its members and is registered as a fund-raising Association. Membership is open to everyone, and grants access to a live audio stream. What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch? ",What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch?, 10 March 2013 +"Given the context: 'Barry Cunningham (born 19 December 1952) is a British publisher, who worked for various publishers including Penguin Books and Bloomsbury before setting up Chicken House publishing in 2000. He is most well known for signing J.K Rowling, and publishing ""Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone"" in 1997.' , classify the statement: 'Cunningham was born in the decade after the 1950's.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Cunningham was born in the decade after the 1950's.,{ entailment } Cunningham was born in 1952. The system was confused by the years. +"Using the premise: 'John Charles Hockenberry (born June 4, 1956) is an American journalist and author, a four-time Emmy Award winner and three-time Peabody Award winner. From April 2008 until August 2017, Hockenberry was the host of ""The Takeaway"", a live national news program created by Public Radio International and WNYC New York.' , decide if the conclusion: 'John Charles Hockenberry was born on the fifth day of the sixth month of nineteen fifty-six' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",John Charles Hockenberry was born on the fifth day of the sixth month of nineteen fifty-six,{ neutral } Wrong date. Doesn't like to read +"With the premise: 'Sadat is a 1983 American two-part, four-hour television miniseries based on the life and death of the late 3rd President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat starring Louis Gossett Jr. as Sadat and Madolyn Smith as Sadat's wife, Jehan. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures Television through Operation Prime Time. Gossett's performance earned him a nomination for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Louis Gossett Jr. did not win the emmy for the role on Sadat.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Louis Gossett Jr. did not win the emmy for the role on Sadat.,{ entailment } The paragraph only mentions his nomination and not whether Gosset won or not. +"Examine the premise: 'Lee Hong-gi (; ] ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer. He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T. Island. Lee released his first solo extended play ""FM302"" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album ""AM302"" on 9 December 2015.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Most people know Hong-gi lead vocals singer in a group.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Most people know Hong-gi lead vocals singer in a group.,{ neutral } The statement says he is the main singer in FT island. +"Given the premise: 'David Armand (born 1980) is an American writer of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. He has published three novels, ""The Pugilist's Wife"", ""Harlow"", and ""The Gorge"". He has also published a collection of poems, ""The Deep Woods"", and a memoir titled ""My Mother's House"". He is currently Writer-in-Residence at Southeastern Louisiana University.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'David Armand starts with S.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",David Armand starts with S.,{ entailment } David starts with D. +" Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate. To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned? ","To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?", 25 frame/s +"Reflect on the information in: 'Jean le Fèvre de Saint-Remy or Jean Lefebvre de Saint-Remy (c. 1394 – June 16, 1468) born in Abbeville, was a Burgundian chronicler during the Hundred Years' War and lord (""seigneur"") of Saint Remy, la Vacquerie, Avesnes and Morienne. He is also known by the formal title of authority ""Toison d'or"" (Golden Fleece) because he served as the King of Arms to the Order of the Golden Fleece.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Saint-Remy was born in the 14th century.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Saint-Remy was born in the 14th century.,{ contradiction } He was born in 1394 which is in the 14th century. +"From the information in: 'The ship, owned by Mitsui O.S.K. Lines and flagged in the Cayman Islands, came under attack at around 4 p.m. Somali time (UTC+3) as gunfire came from two small priate boats. The vessel, with a crew of eighteen from the Philippines, suffered light damage to its front and windows were broken. The Jasmine Ace was en-route from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates to Mombasa, Kenya. The 126.75m car carrier had loaded with 377 used cars in Sharjah on March 17.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The ship sunk in the Atlantic.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The ship sunk in the Atlantic.,{ neutral } The ship didn't get attacked in the Atlantic. +" In June 1854, the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna, a city on the Black Sea's western coast (now in Bulgaria). They made little advance from their base there.:175–176 In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and conquered it. The capture of Giurgiu by the Turks immediately threatened Bucharest in Wallachia with capture by the same Turk army. On 26 July 1854, Tsar Nicholas I ordered the withdrawal of Russian troops from the Principalities. Also, in late July 1854, following up on the Russian retreat, the French staged an expedition against the Russian forces still in Dobruja, but this was a failure.:188–190 In what year did the Turks cross the Danube into Wallachia ? ",In what year did the Turks cross the Danube into Wallachia ?, 1854 +"Consider the premise in: 'Lucky Penny
Jason was walking through the subway and found a penny on the ground. Melissa told him to put the dirty thing down, but he kept it. That day he was offered a free drink and bagel. Jason lost it shortly after his significant luck. He would never forget the happiness the penny had brought him.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'He got the bagel with the money.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",He got the bagel with the money.,{ entailment } He was given the bagel for free. He didn't pay for it. +" Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic laxatives (which work to alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has lactose intolerance can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have fructose malabsorption, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea. In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when offending agent (e.g. milk, sorbitol) is stopped. How do osmotic lazatives work? ",How do osmotic lazatives work?, alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels +"Given the premise: 'Lois Cleveland Chiles (born April 15, 1947) is an American actress and former fashion model known for her roles as Dr. Holly Goodhead in the 1979 James Bond film ""Moonraker"", and as a hit and run driver in 1987's ""Creepshow 2"", as well as such films as ""The Great Gatsby"", ""The Way We Were"", ""Death on the Nile"" and ""Broadcast News"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Lois is popular American fashion icon and actress known for her roles in several movies' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Lois is popular American fashion icon and actress known for her roles in several movies,{ neutral } It states she is both and an actress and fashion model that has been in several movies +"Given the premise: '""White as Snow"" is a song by Irish rock band U2 and the ninth track on their 2009 album ""No Line on the Horizon"". It was written from the perspective of a dying soldier serving in Afghanistan, and lasts the length of time it takes him to die. The track is based on the hymn ""Veni, veni Emmanuel"", and is the only political song on the album.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'U2 wrote no political songs on the 2009 album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",U2 wrote no political songs on the 2009 album.,"{ entailment } ""White as Snow"" was the only political song on the 2009 album." +"Reflect on the information in: 'My friend, Senator Spencer Abraham of Michigan, is pushing a law to make sure that Arab-Americans are treated with respect. So racial profiling isn't just an issue at local police forces. It's an issue throughout our society. And as we become a diverse society, we're going to have to deal with it more and more.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Spencer Abraham has a xx' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Spencer Abraham has a xx,{ neutral } Letters are not in the name +"Reflect on the information in: 'Robert Anthony Stoops (born September 9, 1960) is a former American college football coach. He is the former head football coach at the University of Oklahoma, a position he held from 1999 until he announced his retirement June 7, 2017. During the 2000 season, Stoops led the Sooners to an Orange Bowl victory and a national championship.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Robert Anthony Stoops was born during the 6th decade of the 20th century.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Robert Anthony Stoops was born during the 6th decade of the 20th century.,{ contradiction } Robert Anthony Stoops was born during the 20th century. +" More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions. The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, a brain region known to be involved in regulating fear. What have scientists started spending the most time on? ",What have scientists started spending the most time on?, measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal +"Based on the details provided in: 'LIMA, Peru — A Venezuelan opposition leader who says he is a victim of political persecution by President Hugo Chavez's government requested political asylum in Peru on Tuesday, one of his lawyers said. Manuel Rosales, a leading Chavez opponent, has been charged with corruption in Venezuela but says his trial would not be fair. Lawyer Javier Valle-Riestra said there is ""convincing evidence"" supporting his case for asylum and that Peru's foreign ministry should summon Rosales to explain his request within a week. Peruvian Foreign Minister Jose Antonio Garcia Belaunde said earlier Tuesday that Rosales entered Peru as a tourist on April 4.' , determine if the claim: 'The Leader of the Republic of Venezuela isn't Manuel Rosales.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Leader of the Republic of Venezuela isn't Manuel Rosales.,{ contradiction } The Leader of the Republic of Venezuela is Hugo Chavez. +"From the information in: 'Patricia Donoho Hughes (August 18, 1930 – January 20, 2010) was a First Lady of Maryland, married to former Maryland Governor Harry Hughes. She was educated at Sorbonne (1949) and Bryn Mawr College (1951) before getting married on June 30, 1951. She later continued her education at the University of Delaware (1966). Mrs. Hughes was a teacher and educator by profession.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Patricia Donoho Hughes continued her education until she was 36 years old.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Patricia Donoho Hughes continued her education until she was 36 years old.,"{ contradiction } Patricia Donoho Hughes finished her education in 1966, which would put her age at 36 if she was born in 1930. This may have been difficult because it appears that in the paranthesis is the year in which education was completed for each school listing, but this is not easy to see. " +" Early Modern universities initially continued the curriculum and research of the Middle Ages: natural philosophy, logic, medicine, theology, mathematics, astronomy (and astrology), law, grammar and rhetoric. Aristotle was prevalent throughout the curriculum, while medicine also depended on Galen and Arabic scholarship. The importance of humanism for changing this state-of-affairs cannot be underestimated. Once humanist professors joined the university faculty, they began to transform the study of grammar and rhetoric through the studia humanitatis. Humanist professors focused on the ability of students to write and speak with distinction, to translate and interpret classical texts, and to live honorable lives. Other scholars within the university were affected by the humanist approaches to learning and their linguistic expertise in relation to ancient texts, as well as the ideology that advocated the ultimate importance of those texts. Professors of medicine such as Niccolò Leoniceno, Thomas Linacre and William Cop were often trained in and taught from a humanist perspective as well as translated important ancient medical texts. The critical mindset imparted by humanism was imperative for changes in universities and scholarship. For instance, Andreas Vesalius was educated in a humanist fashion before producing a translation of Galen, whose ideas he verified through his own dissections. In law, Andreas Alciatus infused the Corpus Juris with a humanist perspective, while Jacques Cujas humanist writings were paramount to his reputation as a jurist. Philipp Melanchthon cited the works of Erasmus as a highly influential guide for connecting theology back to original texts, which was important for the reform at Protestant universities. Galileo Galilei, who taught at the Universities of Pisa and Padua, and Martin Luther, who taught at the University of Wittenberg (as did Melanchthon), also had humanist training. The task of the humanists was to slowly permeate the university; to increase the humanist presence in professorships and chairs, syllabi and textbooks so that published works would demonstrate the humanistic ideal of science and scholarship. The concentration on students to live honorable lives is an example of what form of thought? ",The concentration on students to live honorable lives is an example of what form of thought?, Humanist +" In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the ""Flying Chair"", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring. What controlled the traction? ",What controlled the traction?, a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels +"Using the premise: 'Achillea ageratum, also known as sweet yarrow, sweet-Nancy, or sweet maudlin, is a flowering plant in the sunflower family, native to southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Greece, Balkans). It is cultivated in many places for its pleasant fragrance and sparingly naturalized in a few places outside its native range.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Sweet Maudlin grows in France.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Sweet Maudlin grows in France.,"{ neutral } It specifies that the native plant that grows in southern Europe, including France. The system likely could not determine that the alternative names for the plant all referred to the same plant. " +" In China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: ""Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all)."" Among them Duke of Zhou, respected as a founder of Rujia (Confucianism), is especially prominent and pioneering in humanistic thought. His words were recorded in the Book of History as follows (translation):[citation needed] What early adopter and developer of is associated with Confucianism? ",What early adopter and developer of is associated with Confucianism?, Duke of Zhou +"Using the premise: 'Hercules and Love Affair is the debut studio album by American electronic music band Hercules and Love Affair, released on March 10, 2008 by DFA Records. The album was produced by Andrew Butler and Tim Goldsworthy. Andrew Raposo (of fellow DFA band Automato) and Tyler Pope (of !!!) contributed bass to the album, while Antony Hegarty co-wrote and performed vocals on select songs.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Hercules and Love Affair has a different name than the band who made it.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Hercules and Love Affair has a different name than the band who made it.,{ entailment } Both the album and the band have the same name so the statement that they are different is incorrect. +"Based on the details provided in: 'This is a shameful process that allows those among us who are more fortunate to literally laugh at low wage earners, at the people who dutifully pay their taxes, because of all sorts of manoeuvres that the auditor general has condemned here in Canada, even if attempts were made to prevent him from speaking out in the finance committee, as I saw with my own eyes.' , determine if the claim: 'Low-wage earners around the world are a myth.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Low-wage earners around the world are a myth.,{ neutral } This statement is so incorrect that one doesn't even need the text to justify it. +" Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers. Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants? ",Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?, Everett and Renton +"From the information in: 'Saboot (English: ""Proof"") is an Indian crime series based on the ""howdunit"" format with Anita Kanwar, returning from a six-year hiatus, playing the lead role of CBI officer and Chief of Homicide, Inspector KC. Though it was inspired by many crime series, the ""howdunit"" format and KC's ""dishevelled appearance and clumsiness"" was based on Columbo.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Saboot is an indian series that was inspired by many foreign crime series with the exception of Colombo' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Saboot is an indian series that was inspired by many foreign crime series with the exception of Colombo,"{ entailment } Saboot was based on columbo so my statement was incorrect, maybe the system got confused by my wording" +"With the premise: 'Occupy Comics: Art & Stories Inspired by Occupy Wall Street is a currently-in-production, deluxe comic book anthology funded on Kickstarter and seeking to articulate themes of the Occupy Wall Street movement through comics as well as to fund-raise on behalf of the protesters.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Occupy Comics will not be in-production in the next five years.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Occupy Comics will not be in-production in the next five years.,"{ contradiction } I believe that my statement belongs in the ""neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect"" category because even though we know that it is currently in-production, there is no guarantee that it will be in-production in the next five years. " + Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707). The nineteenth century saw such innovations as the Shanghai School and the Lingnan School which used the technical skills of tradition to set the stage for modern painting. Name three painters? ,Name three painters?, Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707) +" Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain express powers (also called enumerated powers) which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. In addition, the Necessary and Proper Clause gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law ""necessary and proper"" for the execution of its express powers. Other powers—the reserved powers—are reserved to the people or the states. The power delegated to the federal government was significantly expanded by the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), amendments to the Constitution following the Civil War, and by some later amendments—as well as the overall claim of the Civil War, that the states were legally subject to the final dictates of the federal government. What are the expressed powers? ",What are the expressed powers? ," the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. " +" Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop ""larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells"". Which sex tends to develop larger hearts and lungs? ",Which sex tends to develop larger hearts and lungs?, males +" Charleston is known for its unique culture, which blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has gained a reputation for its art, music, local cuisine, and fashion. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals. It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy. What year was Spoleto Festival USA founded? ",What year was Spoleto Festival USA founded?, 1977 +" There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for ""Last Orders"" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries. Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially ""dry"" on Sundays (although often this merely required knocking at the back door of the pub). These restricted opening hours led to the tradition of lock-ins. In what year did the State Management Scheme cease? ",In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?, 1973 +"Given the context: 'BellSouth Corporation (stylized as ""BELLSOUTH"") was an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta, Georgia. BellSouth was one of the seven original Regional Bell Operating Companies after the U.S. Department of Justice forced the American Telephone & Telegraph Company to divest itself of its regional telephone companies on January 1, 1984.' , classify the statement: 'The us goverment made the company split itself' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The us goverment made the company split itself,{ contradiction } U.S. Department of Justice forced the company to divest itself +"Using the premise: 'A. Eugene ""Gene"" Haylett (c. 1904 – ?) was an American football coach. He served as the 22nd head football coach at Doane College in Crete, Nebraska and he held that position for nine seasons, from 1933 until 1941. His coaching record at Doane was 34–30–8.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Eugene ""Gene"" Haylett lost 30 games at Doane.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Eugene ""Gene"" Haylett lost 30 games at Doane.","{ neutral } His coaching record at Doane was 34–30–8, meaning 30 losses. Computer probably didn't know what that was." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Mattie Liptak (born April 10, 1996) is an American actor best known for his role as George in the horror film, """", a sequel to the 2008 film, ""Quarantine"". He was born and raised in Walker, Louisiana to Brenda Tedder and Robert Liptak. Mattie graduated from Walker High School, in Walker, Louisiana in May 2014.' , determine if the claim: 'Mattie graduated in the same city he was born.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mattie graduated in the same city he was born.,{ neutral } Based on the text given Mattie was born in Walker and went to school in Walker. +"With the premise: 'Lurianic Kabbalah is a school of kabbalah named after the Jewish rabbi who developed it: Isaac Luria (1534–1572; also known as the ""ARI'zal"", ""Ha'ARI"" or ""Ha'ARI Hakadosh""). Lurianic Kabbalah gave a seminal new account of Kabbalistic thought that its followers synthesised with, and read into, the earlier Kabbalah of the Zohar that had disseminated in Medieval circles.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Luria was part of teaching his religion in the modern era' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Luria was part of teaching his religion in the modern era,{ neutral } the 16th century is not a part of the modern era +"Reflect on the information in: 'The measurement is not: Are we safer? The measurement is: Are we as safe as we ought to be? And there are a host of options that this president had available to him, like making sure that at all our ports in America containers are inspected. Only 95 percent of them -- 95 percent come in today uninspected. That's not good enough.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The speaker is complaining that the president has not personally inspected all of the containers coming into America, even though that's an option available to him.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","The speaker is complaining that the president has not personally inspected all of the containers coming into America, even though that's an option available to him.","{ neutral } The speaker obviously does not think that the president should be personally inspecting the containers coming into American ports, and it is clearly not possible, and thus not an available option. This original statement was not particularly coherent, so I'm not surprised the system had trouble parsing it." +" In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Japan, this has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya, and allows clergy to marry. Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra? ",Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?, Mahayana Brahmajala +"From the facts presented in 'Glacier retreat or glacial retreat is type of glacial motion discussed in several articles, depending on the time frame of interest, and whether the climatological process or individual glaciers are being considered. Articles on these topics include:' , decide if the statement: 'Glacier retreat is known by Bill.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Glacier retreat is known by Bill.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state that person doe or doesn't know it. +"Examine the information in 'How to treat your girlfriend like a princess
Be respectful and kind. Your girlfriend should be made to feel as if she's special. Always speak kindly to her, listen to what she says, and be respectful of her as an individual.' Is the statement: 'Your girlfriend should have her ego deflated occasionally' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Your girlfriend should have her ego deflated occasionally,{ neutral } deflating someone's ego is unkind. I think the system got it wrong because I used unfamiliar phrasing +" Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend ""un-vouchered"" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion. According to the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, the CIA's fiscal 2013 budget is $14.7 billion, 28% of the total and almost 50% more than the budget of the National Security Agency. CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3 billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion. ""Covert action programs"", including a variety of activities such as the CIA's drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities, accounts for $2.6 billion. What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT? ",What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT?, $2.3 billion +" In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated. How are stops distinguished? ",How are stops distinguished?, voicing +" On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits. Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from? ",Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from?, the Xichang Satellite Launch Center +"With the premise: 'How to get a nerd to like you
Ask around. Find out what you can about your crush (without being a stalker). Ask your friends for any information, such as whether they're available, what their interests are, their age, and so on.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'other than their age, and their interests there are other questions you can ask your friends about your crush' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","other than their age, and their interests there are other questions you can ask your friends about your crush","{ neutral } it states ""Ask your friends for any information, such as whether they're available, what their interests are, their age, and so on"" therefore, there are many questions you can ask your friends. The system may have missed this as it is worded differently above +" +" Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or ""regimental"" colour), air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform turbans (dastar) (or patka, when operational) and Muslim women may wear uniform tucked hijabs under their authorized headdress. Jews may wear yarmulke under their authorized headdress and when bareheaded. The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. Naval personnel, however, seldom wear berets, preferring either service cap or authorized ballcaps (shipboard operational dress), which only the Navy wear. Air Force personnel, particularly officers, prefer the wedge cap to any other form of headdress. There is no naval variant of the wedge cap. The Yukon cap and tuque are worn only with winter dress, although clearance and combat divers may wear tuques year-round as a watch cap. Soldiers in Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments generally wear alternative headdress, including the glengarry, balmoral, tam o'shanter, and caubeen instead of the beret. The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided ""pillbox"" (cavalry) caps with their ceremonial dress and have a unique fur ""Astrakhan"" for winter wear. The Canadian Army wears the CG634 helmet. What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF? ",What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF?," beret, wedge cap, ballcap " +" Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. What is the area closest to the continental US called? ",What is the area closest to the continental US called?, Panhandle or Inside Passage +"Examine the premise: 'They are both already in application internationally; both are advantageous to passengers, shippers and carriers; they allow greater uniformity of the rules governing international air transportation; they will both contribute to lessening the risk of litigation within the aeronautical industry.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'both are advantageous to more than just carriers' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",both are advantageous to more than just carriers,"{ neutral } both are advantageous to passengers, shippers and carriers" +" In February 2014, Bloomberg reported that Microsoft would be lowering the price of Windows 8 licenses by 70% for devices that retail under US$250; alongside the announcement that an update to the operating system would allow OEMs to produce devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage, critics felt that these changes would help Windows compete against Linux-based devices in the low-end market, particularly those running Chrome OS. Microsoft had similarly cut the price of Windows XP licenses to compete against the early waves of Linux-based netbooks. Reports also indicated that Microsoft was planning to offer cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing. Some media outlets falsely reported that the SKU associated with this plan, ""Windows 8.1 with Bing"", was a variant which would be a free or low-cost version of Windows 8 for consumers using older versions of Windows. On April 2, 2014, Microsoft ultimately announced that it would be removing license fees entirely for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches, and officially confirmed the rumored ""Windows 8.1 with Bing"" OEM SKU on May 23, 2014. When did Windows 8 decrease the price of Windows 8 for devices that cost less than $250? ",When did Windows 8 decrease the price of Windows 8 for devices that cost less than $250?, February 2014 +" Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means ""land of the rising sun,"" but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies. What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? ",What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? , trade with the east +" The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as ""message packets"" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated from one unit, and tested for validity before being passed into another unit. One option for interface testing is to keep a separate log file of data items being passed, often with a timestamp logged to allow analysis of thousands of cases of data passed between units for days or weeks. Tests can include checking the handling of some extreme data values while other interface variables are passed as normal values. Unusual data values in an interface can help explain unexpected performance in the next unit. Component interface testing is a variation of black-box testing, with the focus on the data values beyond just the related actions of a subsystem component. What is it called when data is being passed? ",What is it called when data is being passed?, message packets +" Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan. During 1957–58 Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focused attention on Tajikistan, where living conditions, education and industry lagged behind the other Soviet Republics. In the 1980s, Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups, and the lowest rate of university graduates per 1000 people. By the late 1980s Tajik nationalists were calling for increased rights. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. The following year, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence. When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army? ",When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?, 1939 +"With the premise: 'The port authority may establish a certain fashion of operation based on the bylaws that are in place now in the neighbouring municipality or jurisdiction and then all of a sudden, if that jurisdiction were to change its bylaws, it could cause the port authority to have to make substantial and profound changes in the way it operates.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'It would be completely illegal for the port authority to change any of its bylaws that would alter their operations.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",It would be completely illegal for the port authority to change any of its bylaws that would alter their operations.,{ neutral } I fooled the system by the wording I used. +"Examine the premise: 'Cross Gene (Korean: 크로스진; stylized as CROSS GENE) is a five-member boy group based in South Korea. Signed under Amuse Korea, the group consists of South Korean members: Shin, Sangmin, Yongseok and Seyoung and Japanese member Takuya. They released their debut mini-album ""Timeless: Begins"" in 2012, which peaked at #8 on the Gaon weekly album chart.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'If Takuya left Cross Gene without being replaced, Japan would no longer be represented.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","If Takuya left Cross Gene without being replaced, Japan would no longer be represented.","{ neutral } Since he's the only Japanese member, if he went unreplaced there would be no Japanese representation in Cross Gene. Perhaps the AI is stumped because I changed Japanese to Japan and took away a trigger term it could recognized, plus I made a conditional statement." +"Analyze the premise: 'BANGKOK — Butts. Everyone's got one – but that doesn't mean everyone wants to see them. Dropping drawers to bare one's bottom at famous tourist attractions may be a trend online – but Bangkok is having none of it. Two Americans who posed for photos of their bare backsides last week at Wat Arun and posted them online were tracked down and charged with indecency, police said Wednesday. Full story: khaosodenglish.com By Chayanit Itthipongmaetee Khaosod English' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The government was not happy with them.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The government was not happy with them.,{ neutral } They were charged for indency. +" Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation. When was Simon Hall opened? ",When was Simon Hall opened?, 1986 +"Given the premise: 'Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all. Nothing in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about impeding progress. Our only argument is, this is a structural limit necessary to assure that what would be an effectively perpetual term not be permitted under the copyright laws.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The passage mentions more than one argument.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The passage mentions more than one argument.,{ neutral } The passage only mentions one argument. +" Season seven premiered on January 15, 2008, for a two-day, four-hour premiere. The media focused on the professional status of the season seven contestants, the so-called 'ringers', many of whom, including Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson, had prior recording contracts. Contestant David Hernandez also attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper. Why did many of the contestants draw the attention of the media? ",Why did many of the contestants draw the attention of the media?, professional status +"Reflect on the information in: 'Nicasio is in the early stages of recovering from a clean-up procedure on his knee and is expected to be ready for spring training, Greg Johns of MLB.com reports. The veteran reliever battled bone chips and swelling in his right knee on two separate occasions this season, finally opting for surgery to address the issue in late August. Nicasio flashed excellent strikeout upside and control in 2018 on his way to a 53:5 K:BB, but a trio of relief outings which he allowed at least three earned runs helped lead to a 6.00 ERA.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Nicasio had more than one surgery on his knee' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Nicasio had more than one surgery on his knee,{ entailment } It's unknown how many surgeries he had +" An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminals. Larger airports may have fixed base operator services, airport aprons, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services. What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad? ",What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?, landing area +"Consider the premise in: 'Achillas (Greek: Ἀχιλλᾶς ) was one of the guardians of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, and commander of the king's troops, when Pompey fled to Egypt in 48 BC. He was called by Julius Caesar a man of extraordinary daring, and it was he and Lucius Septimius who killed Pompey at the suggestion of the eunuch Pothinus and Theodotus of Chios.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Achillas only killed one person.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Achillas only killed one person.,{ contradiction } It doesn't say how many people he killed in his life. It may have been many. Or it could have been one... no way to know. +"With the given context: 'Shares of O2 Plc, which this week agreed to be bought for 17.7 billion pounds ($31.3 billion) by Telefonica SA, fell after Deutsche Telekom AG said it won't make a counter offer.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Shares O2 will be bought.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Shares O2 will be bought.,{ neutral } Telekom will not make a counter offer. +"Analyze the premise: 'The Unlawful Trade is a 1914 American silent short drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Pauline Bush, William Lloyd, George Cooper, and Lon Chaney. George Cooper and directed Allan Dwan also wrote the script. The film is now considered lost.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The Unlawful Trade stars Pauline Bush, Christopher Lloyd, George Cooper, and Lon Chaney.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The Unlawful Trade stars Pauline Bush, Christopher Lloyd, George Cooper, and Lon Chaney.",{ entailment } I changed one of the actors' names to a modern actor. This fooled the system since most of the statement was quoted from the context. +" Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri. The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Khatri, Brahmins of the Hindu Faith and the Sikh Brahmin Caste Bhatra, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Ghirth (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis, Sood There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.The people Of Himachal Pradesh are very simple and live a traditional ´Pahari' lifestyle. Who makes up the tribal populations? ",Who makes up the tribal populations?," Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis " +"Consider the premise in: 'Albert Levitt (March 14, 1887 – June 18, 1968) was a judge, law professor, attorney, and candidate for political office. While he was a memorable teacher at Washington and Lee University, and as judge of the United States District Court for the Virgin Islands ordered that woman voters must be registered, he later came to hold what some thought were eccentric views on religion.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Albert Levitt was born in the first quarter of the year' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Albert Levitt was born in the first quarter of the year,"{ contradiction } It is correct because March is in the first quarter of the year. The system got the 2nd quarter statement right, so maybe it just got lucky. I think the system doesn't recognize quarters" +"Examine the premise: 'Examples of comedy thrillers in films, plays and novels are ""Charade"", ""The Thin Man"", ""The Lady Vanishes"", ""In Bruges"", ""Silver Streak"", ""Mr. and Mrs. Smith"", ""No Way to Treat a Lady"", ""Kiss Kiss Bang Bang"", ""Kshana Kshanam"", ""The Big Fix"", ""Lucky Number Slevin"", ""Deathtrap"", ""The Ladykillers"", ""Hopscotch"", ""Welcome to Collinwood"", ""The King of Comedy"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'There are at least 10 examples of comedy thrillers in novels, plays, and films' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","There are at least 10 examples of comedy thrillers in novels, plays, and films","{ neutral } There are 16 examples listed in the article, so clearly there are more than 10 comedy thrillers out there. I think it confused the system because it requires a higher level of reasoning than simply looking for information. You have to think to count the number of examples listed." +"With the given context: 'Crystal Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada on the north shore of Lake Tahoe. The population was 305 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Reno−Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010, it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau within the Incline Village–Crystal Bay CDP.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The population of the Reno-Sparks Metropolis was 305 people as recorded by the 2010 census.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The population of the Reno-Sparks Metropolis was 305 people as recorded by the 2010 census.,"{ entailment } The figure ""305"" is the population of Crystal Bay, not of the Reno-Sparks metropolis as a whole. The computer just looked at the figure and matched it with the context so it thinks it is correct." +" About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy. The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival. Although arable land accounts for only 1% of Namibia, nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture. How much of Namibia's land is arable? ",How much of Namibia's land is arable?, 1% +"With the given context: 'Five Aces is a 1999 black comedy/drama film written, produced and directed by David Michael O'Neill. It stars Charlie Sheen, Christopher McDonald, Aimée Leigh, Jeff Cesario, Michael McGrady, Tia Carrere, Geoffrey Lewis, Virginia Hamilton, Matt Clark, Hannes Jaenicke with John LaMotta and Elizabeth Morehead. It is one of the films where Charlie Sheen is credited as Charles Sheen.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Five acres was a highly acclaimed film.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Five acres was a highly acclaimed film.,{ contradiction } This information is not known. +" After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008–09 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games. What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs? ",What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs?, 8th +"Analyze the premise: 'Eating Out
Dan had a really rough day at work today. Dan went home and started cooking a steak. However, Dan accidentally burned the steak. Dan threw away the steak, and got dressed. Dan decided he would go to a local restaurant to eat dinner.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The steak was cooked for too long or on too high a temperature.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The steak was cooked for too long or on too high a temperature.,{ neutral } It said it was burned so he must have left it in too long or had the temp too high. +" In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the ""City of Champions"" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936). In 1932, Eddie ""The Midnight Express"" Tolan from Detroit won the 100- and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Joe Louis won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937. Who won the boxing title in 1937? ",Who won the boxing title in 1937?, Joe Louis +" Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the 13 Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia. The western coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz in 1606 and was later named New Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it. In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. Britain continued to transport convicts to New South Wales until 1840. The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold, mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria, making its capital Melbourne the richest city in the world and the largest city after London in the British Empire. When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia? ",When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia?, 1787 +"Given the premise: 'Rachel Brosnahan (born December 15, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the films ""The Unborn"" (2009) and ""Beautiful Creatures"" (2013) and for portraying Rachel Posner in the Netflix series ""House of Cards"", for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Rachel Brosnahan was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role in ""The Unborn"" and ""Beautiful Creatures"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Rachel Brosnahan was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role in ""The Unborn"" and ""Beautiful Creatures"".","{ entailment } She was nominated for the award for her role in ""House of Cards""." +"From the facts presented in 'July 19 (Reuters) - Morgan Stanley on Thursday sold $2 billion of senior unsecured notes, said IFR, a Thomson Reuters service. Morgan Stanley was the sole bookrunning manager for the sale. BORROWER: MORGAN STANLEY AMT $2 BLN COUPON 6.375 PCT MATURITY 07/24/2042 TYPE SR NTS ISS PRICE 98.867 FIRST PAY 01/24/2013 MOODY'S Baa1 YIELD 6.461 PCT SETTLEMENT 07/24/2012 S&P A-MINUS SPREAD 387.5 BPS PAY FREQ SEMI-ANNUAL FITCH SINGLE-A MORE THAN TREAS NON-CALLABLE N/A' , decide if the statement: 'The report states that a large amount, 2 billion (billion, not million) to be more precise of unsecured notes were sold by Morgan Stanley' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The report states that a large amount, 2 billion (billion, not million) to be more precise of unsecured notes were sold by Morgan Stanley","{ neutral } 2 billion notes were sold, so my statement is correct, maybe the system got confused by my clarification that billion does not equal million" +" On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community. Who lead the coup d'etat attempt? ",Who lead the coup d'etat attempt?, Dimitrios Ioannides +" 220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near East Houston Street—as well as First Place in Battery Park City. What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan? ",What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?, 228 +" Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas. It is also a city of small bookstores; There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price. How many bookstalls are located along the Seine? ",How many bookstalls are located along the Seine?, 250 +"From the information in: 'Taiwan Supermodel No. 1 (""決戰第一名 Supermodel No. 1"") also known as Taiwan's Next Top Model is based on CW's hit reality TV show ""America's Next Top Model"", which was created by model Tyra Banks. ""Taiwan Super Model No. 1"" is the second Top Model franchise that features both genders. The first was Malaysia's ""I Wanna Be A Model"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'America's Next Top Model now features both genders.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",America's Next Top Model now features both genders.,"{ entailment } We only know that ""Taiwan Super Model No. 1"" is the second Top Model franchise that features both genders and that the first was Malaysia's ""I Wanna Be A Model"" -- we don't know if this was adopted by America's Next Top Model. The algorithm assumed it was." +" In 1847, Hungarian physician Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis dramatically reduced the occurrency of puerperal fever by simply requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth. This discovery predated the germ theory of disease. However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis. Lister's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to link microorganisms with disease, revolutionizing medicine. He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine, when in 1880 he produced a vaccine against rabies. Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization, to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods. What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession? ",What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?, physician +" In January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to ""Asshole Brown"". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation unless she paid a $60 fee and instead was routed to a retention specialist. Comcast refused to correct the name on their bill after bringing it to the attention of numerous customer service outlets for the company by explaining that Ricardo is the legal name of the customer, so the Browns turned to consumer advocate Christopher Elliott. Elliott posted the facts of the incident, along with a copy of the bill, on his blog. Shortly thereafter, Elliott contacted Comcast and Comcast offered the Browns an apology, a $60 refund, and a promise to track down and fire the responsible employee. The Browns instead requested a full refund for their negative experience and Comcast agreed to refund the family the last two years of service and provide the next two years of service at no charge. Comcast released a statement explaining: ""We have spoken with our customer and apologized for this completely unacceptable and inappropriate name change. We have zero tolerance for this type of disrespectful behavior and are conducting a thorough investigation to determine what happened. We are working with our customer to make this right and will take appropriate steps to prevent this from happening again."" What name was listed on Comcast customer Ricardo Brown's invoice in January, 2015? ","What name was listed on Comcast customer Ricardo Brown's invoice in January, 2015?"," ""Asshole Brown"" " +" The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles stake their claim as the dominant race of the land, with species such as Dilophosaurus at the top. The first true crocodiles evolved, pushing out the large amphibians to near extinction. All-in-all, reptiles rise to rule the world. Meanwhile, the first true mammals evolve, but remained relatively small sized. What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world? ",What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world?, more humid +" The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants. THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what? ",THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?, many rights +"Consider the premise in: 'Finding Neverland, a British-American historical fantasy drama film released in 2004, is about playwright J. M. Barrie and his relationship with a family who inspired him to create ""Peter Pan"", directed by Marc Forster. The screenplay by David Magee is based on the play ""The Man Who Was Peter Pan"" by Allan Knee.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Allan Knee is a British-American playwright' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Allan Knee is a British-American playwright,{ entailment } His nationality is unstated. I think the system got it wrong because I used key words from the context +" The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving organizations include mutual societies, cooperatives, trade unions, credit unions, industry associations, sports clubs, retired serviceman's clubs and peak bodies – organizations that benefit a particular group of people i.e. the members of the organization. Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the grassroots support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving both its members (by directly supporting them) and the broader community (through the provision of a helping service for fellow citizens). What are member serving NPOs really focused on? ",What are member serving NPOs really focused on?, by directly supporting them +" Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit ""was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."" What year was ""Ray of Light"" released? ","What year was ""Ray of Light"" released?", 1998 +" Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples. The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages, named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system. What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system? ",What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system?, pediatrician +" Other radio stations based in Mogadishu include Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network, the latter of which was in 2010 awarded the Media of the Year prize by the Paris-based journalism organisation, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). In total, about one short-wave and ten private FM radio stations broadcast from the capital, with several radio stations broadcasting from the central and southern regions. How many short wave radio stations broadcast from the capital? ",How many short wave radio stations broadcast from the capital?, one +"Examine the information in 'The 2003 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 2nd Lux Style Awards ceremony, presented by the Lux Style Awards honours the best films of 2002 and took place between February 22–24, 2003. This year, the city of Pakistan played host to the Pakistani Film Industry.' Is the statement: 'The 2003 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 2nd Lux Style Awards ceremony, honours the most praised films of 2002 and took place in late February of the year, 5 years before 2008.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","The 2003 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 2nd Lux Style Awards ceremony, honours the most praised films of 2002 and took place in late February of the year, 5 years before 2008.","{ neutral } Tricked the system by swapping out words/phrases that have the same meaning, but that do not appear anywhere in the original context." +" Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903. What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine? ",What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?, 1898 +" In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary ""start"" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. When the secondary (start) winding is placed at an angle with respect to the primary (run) winding, a rotating electric field is created. The force of the rotational field is not constant, but is sufficient to start the rotor spinning. When the rotor comes close to operating speed, a centrifugal switch (or current-sensitive relay in series with the main winding) disconnects the capacitor. The start capacitor is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing. These are called capacitor-start motors, that have relatively high starting torque. Typically they can have up-to four times as much starting torque than a split-phase motor and are used on applications such as compressors, pressure washers and any small device requiring high starting torques. What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding? ",What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?, a rotational motion on the rotor +"Given the detailed context: 'The Lonely Londoners is a 1956 novel by Tamil Trinidadian author Samuel Selvon. Its publication marked the first literary work focusing on poor, working-class blacks in the beat writer tradition following the enactment of the British Nationality Act 1948.', judge whether the statement: 'The Lonely Londoners was motivated by the British Nationality Act.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Lonely Londoners was motivated by the British Nationality Act.,{ neutral } It says in the text that the book was spurred on by the enactment. I simply rephrased this in different language. +" Napoleon was born on 15 August 1769, to Carlo Maria di Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, in his family's ancestral home Casa Buonaparte in Ajaccio, the capital of the island of Corsica. He was their fourth child and third son. This was a year after the island was transferred to France by the Republic of Genoa. He was christened Napoleone di Buonaparte, probably named after an uncle (an older brother who did not survive infancy was the first of the sons to be called Napoleone). In his 20s, he adopted the more French-sounding Napoléon Bonaparte.[note 2] Who was Napoleon's mother? ",Who was Napoleon's mother?, Maria Letizia Ramolino +"Consider the premise in: 'Immanuel College, is a Lutheran school in Adelaide, South Australia. It is the only Lutheran college in Adelaide that has boarders. Its sister schools include Concordia College in Adelaide, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Gymnasium in Windsbach, Germany and Kyushu Lutheran College in Kumamoto, Japan.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Concordia College does not have boarders.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Concordia College does not have boarders.,"{ contradiction } This is correct; Concordia College is a Lutheran school in Adelaide, but Immanuel College is the only Lutheran college in Adelaide that has boarders." +"With the premise: 'Mary Ann ""Polly"" Nichols (née Walker; 26 August 1845 – 31 August 1888) was one of the Whitechapel murder victims. Her death has been attributed to the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, who is believed to have killed and mutilated at least five women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'After being murdered, Mary Ann ""Polly"" Nichols did not go on to a long career as a police detective, retiring in 1902.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","After being murdered, Mary Ann ""Polly"" Nichols did not go on to a long career as a police detective, retiring in 1902.","{ neutral } If she was murdered, she didn't go on to have any career...she was dead." +"Examine the premise: 'ISTANBUL, March 17 (Reuters) - Turkey’s central bank said on Tuesday it would maintain tight monetary policy until there was a significant improvement in the outlook for inflation. In a statement accompanying its decision to leave key interest rates unchanged, the bank said favourable developments in trade and the moderate course of consumer loans would help Turkey’s current account balance to improve.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The outlook for inflation is a key factor in their decisions.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The outlook for inflation is a key factor in their decisions.,{ neutral } They said they were going to continue their tight monetary policy until the outlook for inflation improved. Thus that was a big part of their decisions when making the policy. +"Considering the context: 'Michael Hestbæk (born May 19, 1969 in Copenhagen) is a Danish Olympic sailor in the Star and 49er classes. He finished 9th in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, in the Star and in the 49er classes respectively, in 11th at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Star category again and took a bronze medal at the 2012 Star World Championships.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'He was born in the month after february' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",He was born in the month after february,"{ entailment } He was born in May, which is not the month after february. Therefor it is incorrect. The model has issues with months to numbers I think" +" The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc. Other applications are in batteries, small non-structural castings, and alloys, such as brass. A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate (as dietary supplements), zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory. What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc? ",What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc?, Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta +" However Qing rule saw an massively increasing amount of Han Chinese both illegally and legally streaming into Manchuria and settling down to cultivate land as Manchu landlords desired Han Chinese peasants to rent on their land and grow grain, most Han Chinese migrants were not evicted as they went over the Great Wall and Willow Palisade, during the eighteenth century Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares of privately owned land in Manchuria and 203,583 hectares of lands which were part of coutrier stations, noble estates, and Banner lands, in garrisons and towns in Manchuria Han Chinese made up 80% of the population. How much land did the Han cultivate? ",How much land did the Han cultivate?," 500,000 hectares " +" Church and state are officially separated since 1916 in Uruguay. The religion with most followers in Montevideo is Roman Catholicism and has been so since the foundation of the city. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo was created as the Apostolic Vicariate of Montevideo in 1830. The vicariate was promoted to the Diocese of Montevideo on 13 July 1878. Pope Leo XIII elevated it to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 14 April 1897. The new archdiocese became the Metropolitan of the suffragan sees of Canelones, Florida, Maldonado–Punta del Este, Melo, Mercedes, Minas, Salto, San José de Mayo, Tacuarembó. What religion has the most followers in Montevideo? ",What religion has the most followers in Montevideo?, Roman Catholicism +"Examine the information in 'Out of the Easy is a 2013 novel by Ruta Sepetys. It is her second published novel. It features Josie Moraine, a young woman in the 1950s French Quarter of New Orleans who struggles to escape her family and become the author of her own destiny. The novel became a New York Times bestseller and was chosen as an Editor’s Choice in the New York Times on February 15, 2013.' Is the statement: 'Out of the Easy by Ruta Sepetys was her second novel featuring Josie Moraine as a character.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Out of the Easy by Ruta Sepetys was her second novel featuring Josie Moraine as a character.,"{ entailment } The passage did not specifically mention if the character Josie Moraine appeared in Ruta Sepetys previous novel. It is therefore, neither definitely correct or incorrect. " +" The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27). What is Tucson's PBS station? ",What is Tucson's PBS station?, KUAT-TV 6 +" In the 1890s, the recording formats of the earliest (toy) discs were mainly 12.5 cm (nominally five inches) in diameter; by the mid-1890s, the discs were usually 7 in (nominally 17.5 cm) in diameter. By 1910 the 10-inch (25.4 cm) record was by far the most popular standard, holding about three minutes of music or other entertainment on a side. From 1903 onwards, 12-inch records (30.5 cm) were also sold commercially, mostly of classical music or operatic selections, with four to five minutes of music per side. Victor, Brunswick and Columbia also issued 12-inch popular medleys, usually spotlighting a Broadway show score. However, other sizes did appear. Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment. How small were the earliest discs released? ",How small were the earliest discs released?, 12.5 cm +" TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system). In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system? ",In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?, 1968 +" Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, his former national teammate. Following Enrique's arrival, Barcelona broke their transfer record when they paid Liverpool F.C. between €81 to €94 million for striker Luis Suárez, who was serving a four-month ban from all football-related activity imposed by the FIFA Disciplinary Committee after biting Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini during his appearance for Uruguay in a World Cup group stage match. How much did Barcelona pay for Luis Saurez? ",How much did Barcelona pay for Luis Saurez?, between €81 to €94 million +" Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. Jehovah's Witnesses are taught that it is vital to remain ""separate from the world."" The Witnesses' literature defines the ""world"" as ""the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants"" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. Witnesses are taught that association with ""worldly"" people presents a ""danger"" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality. What are Jehovah Witnesses taught association with worldly people presents to their faith? ",What are Jehovah Witnesses taught association with worldly people presents to their faith?, danger +"With the premise: 'Weldon Township is a civil township of Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 542 at the 2010 census. The township is in the south central portion of the county. One half of the village of Thompsonville is located in the township. The census-designated place of Crystal Mountain, containing the Crystal Mountain Resort, is in the southern part of the township.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Weldon Township has a population in 2019 that is larger than the population in 2010.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Weldon Township has a population in 2019 that is larger than the population in 2010.,"{ contradiction } It's neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we don't know what the population is in 2019. I don't know why the system thought the statement was incorrect, I guess it was confused because some of the words were also contained in the text, I really don't know for this one." +"Given the detailed context: 'The Argentine Grand Prix (Spanish: ""Gran Premio de Argentina"") was a round of the Formula One championship, held intermittently from to , all at the same autodrome in the Argentine national capital of Buenos Aires. Argentine president Juan Perón was the driving force behind the creation of the circuit, after seeing the success of the country's own Juan Manuel Fangio.', judge whether the statement: 'The Argentine Grand Prix involves the racing of automobiles with four wheels' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Argentine Grand Prix involves the racing of automobiles with four wheels,"{ entailment } It does not imply what the tournament involves, which is presumably cars. " +" In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the probability distribution of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was its use as an optional (but not widely used) feature of the JPEG image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC for video coding. What can be paired with an algorithm called arithmetic coding? ",What can be paired with an algorithm called arithmetic coding?, statistical estimates +"Examine the premise: '""First Date"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent, released on October 3, 2012, as a single from his upcoming sixth studio album ""Street King Immortal"", set to be released in second quarter of 2013 after his fifth studio album, Animal Ambition. The song, produced by 45 Music, features fellow American rapper Too Short.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'First Date was released on 50 Cents debut album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",First Date was released on 50 Cents debut album.,{ entailment } It was his sixth album. +"With the given context: 'Prom Night IV: Deliver Us from Evil is a 1992 Canadian slasher horror film directed by Clay Borris and starring Nicole de Boer and J.H. Wyman. The film follows a deranged Catholic priest who begins murdering teenagers on their prom night. It is the fourth and final film in the ""Prom Night"" franchise. Like the previous , it was released briefly in theaters before later being released to video.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The previous Prom Night movies also had a killer Catholic priest.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The previous Prom Night movies also had a killer Catholic priest.,"{ entailment } Because it doesn't say what the previous movies were about, but doesn't contradict that being the subject." +"From the facts presented in 'Love Island is a 1952 American film directed by Bud Pollard starring Paul Valentine and Eva Gabor. Originally released in Cinecolor, the film uses extensive footage taken in Bali used from the film """" (1935). It was the final directorial effort of Bud Pollard who had previously directed several race films and exploitation films.' , decide if the statement: 'Love Island was released in nineteen hundred fifty one.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Love Island was released in nineteen hundred fifty one.,"{ entailment } It was released in 1952, not 1951. It's difficult because I wrote out the year in words and 1951 is close to 1952." +" CBC announced on April 4, 2012, that it will shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters on July 31, 2012 with no plans to install digital transmitters in their place, thus reducing the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country down to 27. According to the CBC, this would reduce the corporation's yearly costs by $10 million. No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and Radio-Canada in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter. In fact, in its CRTC application to shut down all of its analogue television transmitters, the CBC communicated its opposition to use of subchannels, citing costs, amongst other reasons. How many transmitters does currently CBC operate after 2012? ",How many transmitters does currently CBC operate after 2012?, 27 +" Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a ""serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country"". What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?' ",What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?', World Health Organization +" Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. What common artform is far more prestigious than mosaic? ",What common artform is far more prestigious than mosaic?, paintings +" GE has said that it will invest $1.4 billion in clean technology research and development in 2008 as part of its Ecomagination initiative. As of October 2008, the scheme had resulted in 70 green products being brought to market, ranging from halogen lamps to biogas engines. In 2007, GE raised the annual revenue target for its Ecomagination initiative from $20 billion in 2010 to $25 billion following positive market response to its new product lines. In 2010, GE continued to raise its investment by adding $10 billion into Ecomagination over the next five years. How many green products did GE bring to market via its Ecoimagination program as of October 2008? ",How many green products did GE bring to market via its Ecoimagination program as of October 2008?, 70 +"Given the premise: 'The Arts Tower is a building at 12 Bolsover Street in Sheffield, England belonging to the University of Sheffield and opened in 1966. English Heritage has called it ""the most elegant university tower block in Britain of its period"". At 78 m (255 feet) tall, it is the second tallest building in the city, after the 101 m, St Paul's Tower on Arundel Gate, which was topped out in 2009.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: ' At 78 m (255 feet) tall, it is the second tallest building in the city, after the 102 m, St Paul's Tower on Arundel Gate, which was topped out in 2009.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision."," At 78 m (255 feet) tall, it is the second tallest building in the city, after the 102 m, St Paul's Tower on Arundel Gate, which was topped out in 2009.",{ entailment } I changed the height of the St Paul's Tower by one meter. I think the small change wasn't detected by the system. +" Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course. Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English? ",Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English?," Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists " +" Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change, where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature. industrialization is a subdivision of what general process? ",industrialization is a subdivision of what general process?, technological innovation +"Given the context: 'And Charlotte Buckingham I recall really being the only person who got up to stand in defense of the school board, and she was Mr. Buckingham's wife, or is Mr. Buckingham's wife. And she quoted Scripture, Old Testament, actually, all Old Testament Scripture about why the school board is right, basically. And she also talked about school prayer and the need for school prayer in that speech that she had prepared.' , classify the statement: 'Charlotte Buckingham has talked to carter' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Charlotte Buckingham has talked to carter,{ entailment } name not mentioned +"Examine the premise: 'Friday, June 9, 2006 Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry signed SB 1800 that allows the death penalty or life without parole for those convicted of sexually abusing a child under the age of 14. Additionally, the bill also establishes a Child Abuse Response Team within the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Oklahoma has now joined Florida, Louisiana, Montana, and South Carolina to have similar measures for repeat child molestation.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Repeat child molestation is not punished harsher in any other states unless the child in question is a minor between the ages of 14 and 18.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Repeat child molestation is not punished harsher in any other states unless the child in question is a minor between the ages of 14 and 18.,"{ contradiction } The context does not talk about the policies of other states, nor does it specify that these states only have laws in place for older minors. Thusly, based on the context, it is not known whether this is true or not. I think this question is difficult for the system because it addresses multiple scenarios not referenced in the question itself, while still being on topic." +" East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Poles and Lithuanians formed minorities. From the 13th century, East Prussia was part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 it became a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525, with the Prussian Homage, the province became the Duchy of Prussia. The Old Prussian language had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct? ",Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct?, 17th or early 18th century +" The ""Safe Harbor"" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS. The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future ""takes"" above a pre-determined level. The policy relies on the ""enhancement of survival"" provision of Section §1539(a)(1)(A). A landowner can have either a ""Safe Harbor"" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both. The policy was developed by the Clinton Administration in 1999. Are Safe Harbor agreements and ITPs mutually exclusive? ",Are Safe Harbor agreements and ITPs mutually exclusive?," A landowner can have either a ""Safe Harbor"" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both. " +"With the premise: 'Kate Kendall (born 27 July 1973) is an Australian actress best known for her role in the long-running Nine Network Australian drama ""Stingers"". She joined the cast of long-running television soap opera ""Neighbours"" in 2013 as the established character Lauren Turner.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kate is popular for several roles including characters in Stinger and Neighbors' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kate is popular for several roles including characters in Stinger and Neighbors,{ neutral } It states kate is popular for her roles in both of these shows +"Given the premise: 'Skin and Other Stories is a collection of short stories written by Roald Dahl. It was published in 2000 by Puffin Books, a division of Penguin Putnam Books. Many these stories first appeared in the Dahl book, ""Someone Like You"", and also includes the story ""The Surgeon,"" originally published in ""Playboy"" magazine in 1986.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Skin and Other Stories was published more than 2000 seconds ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Skin and Other Stories was published more than 2000 seconds ago.,{ contradiction } It was published 19 years ago which is well over 2000 seconds ago. It's difficult because the text contains the number 2000 so this confuses the system. +" Poetry, in particular, was a staple of court life. Nobles and ladies-in-waiting were expected to be well versed in the art of writing poetry as a mark of their status. Every occasion could call for the writing of a verse, from the birth of a child to the coronation of an emperor, or even a pretty scene of nature. A well-written poem or haiku could easily make or break one's reputation, and often was a key part of social interaction.Almost as important was the choice of calligraphy, or handwriting, used. The Japanese of this period believed handwriting could reflect the condition of a person's soul: therefore, poor or hasty writing could be considered a sign of poor breeding. Whether the script was Chinese or Japanese, good writing and artistic skill was paramount to social reputation when it came to poetry. Sei Shonagon mentions in her Pillow Book that when a certain courtesan tried to ask her advice about how to write a poem to the empress Sadako, she had to politely rebuke him because his writing was so poor. What was said to show low status or ""poor breeding""? ","What was said to show low status or ""poor breeding""?", poor or hasty writing +" In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed ""Love on Top"" and started the performance saying ""Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me"". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for ""most tweets per second recorded for a single event"" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and ""Beyonce pregnant"" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011. Where did Beyoncé announce her pregnancy? ",Where did Beyoncé announce her pregnancy?, 2011 MTV Video Music Awards +"Examine the information in 'By the way, they are going to build this fund and they are going to have some Liberal hacks running it unaccountable because there are clauses in here which, if they do not get changed, will make sure that the investment board of the Canada pension plan is not accountable to Parliament.' Is the statement: 'The narrator is not a fan of the Liberal party.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The narrator is not a fan of the Liberal party.,"{ neutral } He calls members of the party ""hacks"", so he clearly doesn't like the party. It's difficult because the system might not understand what it means to be a fan in this context." +"Consider the premise in: 'Target Field is a baseball park in the historic warehouse (or North Loop) district of downtown Minneapolis. It is the home ballpark of the Minnesota Twins, the state's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. It also has served as the occasional home of Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball, and other local and regional baseball events.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Target Field is owned by an archery company.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Target Field is owned by an archery company.,"{ contradiction } Although Target Field is the home of the Minnesota Twins, they do not necessarily own the stadium itself. Since Target is a plausible play on an archery target instead of the retailer, the statement is therefore at least a little vague in the context of itself. The system may have considered the company Target as being common knowledge or used it as knowledge outside the provided context to consider the statement incorrect." +" Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms. Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog? ",Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?, unspayed +" Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that ""As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential"". Others, however, thought that ""the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed"". It was also described as a ""sadistic musical bake-off"", and ""a romp in humiliation"". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement in the show in particular was noted, and some critics were harsh about what they perceived as its blatant commercial calculations – Karla Peterson of The San Diego Union-Tribune charged that American Idol is ""a conniving multimedia monster"" that has ""absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil"". The decision to send the season one winner to sing the national anthem at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002 was also poorly received by many. Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that ""The terrorists have won"" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who ""gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit. Them and a handful of phone-redialer geeks who have been clocking up to 10,000 calls each week for their contestant of choice (but who, according to Fox, are in absolutely no way skewing the outcome)."" What publication does Ken Tucker work for? ",What publication does Ken Tucker work for? , Entertainment Weekly +"Based on the details provided in: 'Southern Nevada (often abbreviated as SNV) is the region of Nevada which includes the Las Vegas Valley. Southern Nevada also includes the areas in and around Tonopah, Hawthorne, Pahrump, and Pioche, though some organizations based in the Las Vegas area (e.g., the Southern Nevada Health District) effectively use the term to refer to Clark County only.' , determine if the claim: 'Southern Nevada includes the Mojave Desert' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Southern Nevada includes the Mojave Desert,{ contradiction } Parts of the Mojave Desert are in Nevada but it may not include the places named as being in Southern Nevada. The model may find it hard to assess how much of the Mojave Desert is in Southern Nevada. +" Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970s. This was reinforced by an appreciation, following the trend in sociological thought, of the manner in which the individual is affected by and contributes to the overall social context. At the same time, the Eriksonian approach to identity remained in force, with the result that identity has continued until recently to be used in a largely socio-historical way to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others and to a particular group of people. Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others? ","Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others?", the Eriksonian approach +"From the facts presented in 'Xavier Ortiz Ramirez (born June 29) is a Mexican actor, singer, model, producer, TV host, Dentist/surgeon and entrepreneur, owner of bar-restaurant ""la santa bar"" in Guadalajara, Mexico. former member of the musical group ""Garibaldi (band)"". On April 17, 1999 he married another former member of the group Garibaldi, which lasted 15 years 10 as couple and 5 years as husband and wife.' , decide if the statement: 'Garibaldi was an all male band that Xavier Ortiz Ramirez used to be in.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Garibaldi was an all male band that Xavier Ortiz Ramirez used to be in.,{ neutral } His wife was in the band so it couldn't have been all male. +"Considering the context: 'Kathleen Delaney is an American actress, voice actress, singer, and dancer who works on Broadway and on the properties of 4Kids Entertainment. She is best known as the voice of Hina in the 4Kids dub of One Piece, Mai Valentine in uncut versions of ""Yu-Gi-Oh!"" and Rouge in ""Sonic X"" and the succeeding games until 2010, when she was replaced by Karen Strassman.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Kathleen Delaney was no longer known as a voice actress on any projects after being replaced by Karen Strassman.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Kathleen Delaney was no longer known as a voice actress on any projects after being replaced by Karen Strassman.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say Delaney did no more voice work after being replaced by Strassman, but I said she did. I think the AI doesn't know there are enough voice projects in the world for both Delaney and Strassman to be working." +"Consider the premise in: 'A Far Off Place is a 1993 American adventure drama film based on Laurens van der Post's works ""A Far-Off Place"" (1974) and its prequel ""A Story Like the Wind"" (1972). The film stars Reese Witherspoon, Ethan Randall, Jack Thompson and Maximilian Schell. The filming locations were in Namibia and Zimbabwe.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'A Far Off Place was filmed before the novel was written.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",A Far Off Place was filmed before the novel was written.,{ neutral } A Far Off Place the film is based off the novel A Far-Off Place written in 1974. +"Using the premise: 'Survivor SA contestant Katinka said goodbye to the island on Thursday night after she tried to rally votes to get off her closet ally, Werner. But the bold move blew up in her face as Werner found out about the plan and then plotted to get her out. So, what did she learn about being on Survivor SA and missing out on the loot because of one bad move? ""I learnt a lot about myself. I am a very emotional person. But I learnt that you must speak your mind not matter what, no matter your age.""' , decide if the conclusion: 'Katinka was very happy leaving the game' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Katinka was very happy leaving the game,"{ neutral } She was not happy, as he was out of the game" +" The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir. What empire took over parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan in 720? ",What empire took over parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan in 720?, Arab Umayyad Caliphate +" Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include flashlights/torches, whistles, police notebooks and ""ticket books"" or citations. What have computers in police cars enabled for investigation? ",What have computers in police cars enabled for investigation?, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds +" One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and first subway system (1897). What is the name of the peninsula Boston was founded on? ",What is the name of the peninsula Boston was founded on?, the Shawmut Peninsula +" In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal. The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips. At the China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON of November 2009 in Shenzhen, a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB was presented. How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008? ",How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008?," around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929) " +"With the given context: '""Handsome and Wealthy"" is a song by American hip hop group Migos. It was released as a single on September 23, 2014 by Quality Control Entertainment and 300 Entertainment. The song was included on their mixtape ""No Label 2"" (2014) and was produced by Cheeze Beatz.' , analyze if the hypothesis: '""Handsome and Wealthy"" was one of multiple songs on a mixtape. ' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","""Handsome and Wealthy"" was one of multiple songs on a mixtape. ",{ neutral } The statement states that the song was included on a mixtape. Mixtapes contain multiple songs. +" After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was the only German army to fight against France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably. How many French soldiers occupied Hanover? ",How many French soldiers occupied Hanover?," 30,000 " +" Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums. The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region. The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West. Where are Thomas Gilcrease's collections housed? ",Where are Thomas Gilcrease's collections housed?, Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa +"Given the premise: 'Painted Thin was a Canadian hardcore punk band, formed in Winnipeg, and active from 1993 to 1999. The core of the band consisted of vocalist and guitarist Stephen Carroll and bassist and vocalist Paul Furgale, with a variety of guest musicians, including James Ash, Dan McCafferty and Jason Tait, on individual recordings.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Painted Thin stopped playing after 2000' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Painted Thin stopped playing after 2000,{ neutral } They were only active til 1999 +" Birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors, with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway. Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations. Many types of avian sexual selection have been identified; intersexual selection, also known as female choice; and intrasexual competition, where individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate. Sexually selected traits often evolve to become more pronounced in competitive breeding situations until the trait begins to limit the individual’s fitness. Conflicts between an individual fitness and signaling adaptations ensure that sexually selected ornaments such as plumage coloration and courtship behavior are ""honest"" traits. Signals must be costly to ensure that only good-quality individuals can present these exaggerated sexual ornaments and behaviors. What is the most famous example of sexual selection? ",What is the most famous example of sexual selection?, peacock tail +"Given the detailed context: '""Heart of Glass"" is a song by the American new wave band Blondie, written by singer Debbie Harry and guitarist Chris Stein. Featured on the band's third studio album, ""Parallel Lines"" (1978), it was released as the album's third single in January 1979 and reached number one on the charts in several countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom.', judge whether the statement: 'The single reached top status in the 21st century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The single reached top status in the 21st century.,{ neutral } The single reached #1 in the 20th century; 1979. +"With the given context: 'My Super D is a 2016 Philippine superhero fantasy drama television series directed by Frasco Mortiz and Lino Cayetano, starring Dominic Ochoa in his first leading role, together with Marco Masa and Bianca Manalo. The series was aired on ABS-CBN's ""Primetime Bida"" evening block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel from April 18, 2016 to July 15, 2016, replacing ""Game ng Bayan"".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The series aired over 2 years ago' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The series aired over 2 years ago,"{ contradiction } It aired in 2016 which was 3 years ago. Not sure why this one was a beat, was ready to start throwing a lot more dates at it" +"Examine the information in 'Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations underpinning Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity.' Is the statement: 'Hendrik Antoon Lorentz won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Hendrik Antoon Lorentz won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics,"{ contradiction } It only tells us his half share in 1902 and doesn't give any context for other years, again the system is only thinking about context given vs. context not given" +" In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff. What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood? ",What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?, beatification +"Given the detailed context: 'Officials in Pakistan say parliamentary elections will be delayed until next month. VOA correspondent Nancy-Amelia Collins in Islamabad reports the Pakistan Election Commission says the delay is due to the destruction of election offices and materials in violence that broke out last week after Benazir Bhutto's assassination. Chief election commissioner Qazi Mohammed Farooq says the elections originally scheduled for January 8 are being postponed and will be held next month. ""The polling will now be held on 18th February, 2008 instead of 8th January 2008,"" he said.', judge whether the statement: 'Collins is a British reporter' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Collins is a British reporter,{ contradiction } The article doesn't specify Collins's nationality. +"From the facts presented in 'INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. – A water main break could take several hours to fix on the west side. According to Citizens Energy, the 12-inch main broke at 4014 W. Washington St., causing the road to buckle. Officials initially closed both westbound lanes between Collier Street and Wischer Avenue. One westbound lane reopened, and water has been turned off at the break. Eastbound traffic was unaffected.' , decide if the statement: 'The officials closed both westbound lanes between collier Street and Washington street to prevent flooding.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The officials closed both westbound lanes between collier Street and Washington street to prevent flooding.,{ neutral } The officials actually closed the lanes between Collier street and Wischer avenue not Washington street. +" Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music. What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in? ",What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?," straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. " +" It was announced on December 12, 2012, that the AFL reached a partnership agreement with NET10 Wireless to be the first non-motorsports-related professional sports league in the United States to have a title sponsor, renaming it the NET10 Wireless Arena Football League. The redesigned website showed the new logo which incorporated the current AFL logo with the one from NET10 Wireless. The title sponsorship agreement ended in 2014 after a two-year partnership. How many years did the AFL title sponsorship deal last? ",How many years did the AFL title sponsorship deal last?, two +"Analyze the premise: 'Kōbō Abe (安部 公房 , ""Abe Kōbō"" ) , pseudonym of Kimifusa Abe (安部 公房 , ""Abe Kimifusa"" , March 7, 1924 – January 22, 1993) , was a Japanese writer, playwright, photographer and inventor. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his modernist sensibilities and his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Kimifusa Abe's most famous play, written in March of 1993, was compared to the style of Franz Kafka.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Kimifusa Abe's most famous play, written in March of 1993, was compared to the style of Franz Kafka.","{ neutral } Abe died in January of 1993, so could not have written a play in March of that year. I used a lot of accurate detail from the context, except for that one, which used the same year given. I suspect the system only considered the year, not the month." +" Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB). As an OSCE participating State, Estonia's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. Estonia has also signed the Kyoto Protocol. What date did Estonia join the European Union? ",What date did Estonia join the European Union?, 1 May 2004 +" Many websites converted their home page to black and white; Sina.com and Sohu, major internet portals, limited their homepages to news items and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites Youku and Tudou displayed a black background and placed multiple videos showing earthquake footage and news reports. The Chinese version of MSN, cn.msn.com, also displayed banner ads about the earthquake and the relief efforts. Other entertainment websites, including various gaming sites, such as the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft, had shut down altogether, or had corresponding links to earthquake donations. After the moments of silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including ""Long Live China"". Casinos in Macau closed down. Many of what shut down completely? ",Many of what shut down completely?, various gaming sites +"Based on the details provided in: 'We Have Always Lived in the Castle is an upcoming American mystery thriller film directed by Stacie Passon and written by Passon and Mark Kruger, based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Shirley Jackson. The film stars Taissa Farmiga, Alexandra Daddario, Crispin Glover, and Sebastian Stan.' , determine if the claim: 'We Have Always Lived in the Castle came out in 2018.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",We Have Always Lived in the Castle came out in 2018.,"{ neutral } It says it's upcoming, so hasn't been released yet." +"Given the detailed context: 'Cranborne Priory was a priory in Cranborne in Dorset, England. The priory church survives as Cranborne's parish church, the Church of St Mary and St Bartholomew, and is a Grade I listed building, with parts of the building dating back to the 12th century.', judge whether the statement: 'Parts of the Cranborne Priory church have been rebuilt' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Parts of the Cranborne Priory church have been rebuilt,{ neutral } It says parts of the building date back to the 12th century which means other parts have been redone since then +" Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular. Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal? ",Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal?," Shantinagar, Baneshwor " +"Given the detailed context: 'Betty Currie (born Betty Grace Williams; November 10, 1939) is the former personal secretary for Bill Clinton (during his tenure as President of the United States). She became well known as a figure in the Lewinsky scandal for her alleged handling of gifts given to Monica Lewinsky by President Clinton.', judge whether the statement: 'Betty Currie was a secretary in the 90's.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Betty Currie was a secretary in the 90's.,{ neutral } Bill Clinton was president during the 90's. +"Analyze the premise: 'Big Bug Man is an American animated movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Big Bug Man is a film that nobody has seen in theaters.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Big Bug Man is a film that nobody has seen in theaters.,"{ neutral } I gave many tries on this one, it was tough. My winning statement was brief, and did not copy much language other than ""Big Bug Man"" from the original context." +"From the information in: 'Sheree Victoria Murphy (born 22 August 1975) is an English actress and television presenter, best known for her roles as Tricia Dingle in the ITV soap opera ""Emmerdale"", Eva Strong in the Channel 4 soap opera ""Hollyoaks"" and Dakota Davies in the Australian soap opera ""Neighbours"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Sheree Victoria Murphy pretended to be Dakota.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sheree Victoria Murphy pretended to be Dakota.,"{ neutral } She was an actress and the character's name was Dakota. When you are acting, you are pretending to be the character. Thus this statement is definitely correct." +"From the facts presented in 'Robert Christian ""Bobby"" Vaughn (born February 1975) is an American clothing designer and entrepreneur, who co-founded the Von Dutch clothing line with Michael Cassel. After selling Von Dutch, Vaughn opened a clothing store called FTW in Rockaway, New York.' , decide if the statement: 'Robert Christian ""Bobby"" Vaughn was born in the winter.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Robert Christian ""Bobby"" Vaughn was born in the winter.","{ neutral } February is a winter month, so Robert Christian ""Bobby"" Vaughn was born in the winter." +" The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). What is the most recent era of Latin canon law? ",What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?, the Code of Canon Law +" In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: ""action, work"") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: ""kusala"") and bad, unskillful (Pāli: ""akusala"") actions produce ""seeds"" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called sīla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala ""fruit"" or vipāka ""result"". What does the Sanskrit term Karma translate as? ",What does the Sanskrit term Karma translate as?," action, work " +" As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked. How long were cities without electricity in June 2012? ",How long were cities without electricity in June 2012?, 20–22 hours a day +" A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS. How long can it take to create a DBMS? ",How long can it take to create a DBMS?, thousands of human years +" After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis. What type of crisis resulted from the budget deficit and rising debt levels of Greece? ",What type of crisis resulted from the budget deficit and rising debt levels of Greece?, severe economic +" The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829). By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the ""sick man"" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia and Montenegro – moved towards de jure independence during the 1860s and 1870s. What did Europeans refer to the Ottoman empire as in the 19th century? ",What did Europeans refer to the Ottoman empire as in the 19th century?," the ""sick man"" " +"From the facts presented in 'Robert L. ""Rusty"" White (born July 1945 in Newton, Mississippi) is the founder of the ""Robb Report"", a magazine he created while studying art at the University of Mississippi in 1967. ""The Robb Report"" was originally a newsletter entitled ""Twentieth Century Confederates"". White sold ""The Robb Report"" in 1983.' , decide if the statement: 'The Robb Report still publishes to this day.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Robb Report still publishes to this day.,"{ contradiction } It's not explicitly mentioned whether it does or not, even if it was sold in 1983 it could still be published by someone else. It's difficult because the last sentence in the text probably tricks the system into thinking it must be incorrect." +"Examine the premise: 'Benjamin Koons (born 9 April 1986) is a cross-country skier from New Zealand who has competed since 2004. He attended Messalonskee High School, and Dartmouth College. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, he finished 46th in the 50 km event. At the 2011 FIS World Championships in Oslo, Norway he finished 68th in the 15k Classic, 62nd in the 50k Skate, and 20th in the Team Sprint.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Benjamin Koons was born on the eighth day of the fourth month of 1986' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Benjamin Koons was born on the eighth day of the fourth month of 1986,{ neutral } Almost right date. Wrote it out. +"Given the detailed context: 'San Salvador, Jan. 13, '90 (Acan-Efe) -The bodies of Hector Oqueli and Gilda Flores, who had been kidnapped on the 12th of January, were found in Cuilapa, Guatemala, near the border with El Salvador, the relatives of one of the victims have reported.', judge whether the statement: 'The bodies of Hector Oqueli and Gilda Flores were found in the year prior to 1992.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The bodies of Hector Oqueli and Gilda Flores were found in the year prior to 1992.,{ entailment } The bodies of Hector Oqueli and Gilda Flores were found in 1990. The system was confused by the year. +"Consider the premise in: 'Silver Bow County is a county in the State of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,200. Its county seat is Butte. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the single entity of Butte-Silver Bow. Additionally, the town of Walkerville is a separate municipality from Butte and is within the county.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The town of Walkerville is located at the south east of the country' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The town of Walkerville is located at the south east of the country,"{ neutral } Since the town of Walkerville is in the state of Montana, and the state of Montana is located at the north west of the country, it is impossible for the town of Walkerville to be located at the south east of the country. It was difficult for the system because it could not associate the town of Walkerville with the Montana state, in order to determine where is it located." +" The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in the city, for example Queen Victoria was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011. The Duchess of Cambridge performed the naming ceremony of Royal Princess on 13 June 2013. What brand of cruise ships has a special importance to Southampton? ",What brand of cruise ships has a special importance to Southampton?, Cunard Line +"Considering the context: 'Out of the Easy is a 2013 novel by Ruta Sepetys. It is her second published novel. It features Josie Moraine, a young woman in the 1950s French Quarter of New Orleans who struggles to escape her family and become the author of her own destiny. The novel became a New York Times bestseller and was chosen as an Editor’s Choice in the New York Times on February 15, 2013.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ruta Sepetys was born before 2013.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ruta Sepetys was born before 2013.,"{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because it is impossible for someone born in 2013 to write a novel in 2013, therefore she must have been born before 2013. This is kind of complex logic that requires real world understanding, so the system got it wrong." +" Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes. What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood? ",What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood?, tattoos and scarification +" The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum. Which company manages the winners of American Idol? ",Which company manages the winners of American Idol?, 19 Management +" Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four times that of Earth. Neptune, like Uranus, is an ice giant, a subclass of giant planet, due to their smaller size and higher concentrations of volatiles relative to Jupiter and Saturn. In the search for extrasolar planets, Neptune has been used as a metonym: discovered bodies of similar mass are often referred to as ""Neptunes"", just as scientists refer to various extrasolar bodies as ""Jupiters"". What is Neptune referred to due to it's size and concentration of volatiles? ",What is Neptune referred to due to it's size and concentration of volatiles? , ice giant +" Insects were the earliest organisms to produce and sense sounds. Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages. In grasshoppers and crickets, this is achieved by stridulation. Cicadas make the loudest sounds among the insects by producing and amplifying sounds with special modifications to their body and musculature. The African cicada Brevisana brevis has been measured at 106.7 decibels at a distance of 50 cm (20 in). Some insects, such as the Helicoverpa zeamoths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats. Some moths produce ultrasonic clicks that were once thought to have a role in jamming bat echolocation. The ultrasonic clicks were subsequently found to be produced mostly by unpalatable moths to warn bats, just as warning colorations are used against predators that hunt by sight. Some otherwise palatable moths have evolved to mimic these calls. More recently, the claim that some moths can jam bat sonar has been revisited. Ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared videography of bat-moth interactions suggest the palatable tiger moth really does defend against attacking big brown bats using ultrasonic clicks that jam bat sonar. The mechanical action of what allows insects t make sound? ",The mechanical action of what allows insects t make sound?, appendages +" As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability. One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by supporting their religious heritage, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous international deities were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote provinces, among them Cybele, Isis, Epona, and gods of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or one cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing monotheistic systems. The monotheistic rigor of Judaism posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt. To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability? ",To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability?, preserving tradition +"From the information in: 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards will be held on Thursday, November 16, 2017 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. It will be broadcast on Univision at 8PM ET\PT. This will mark the tenth year Las Vegas hosts the Latin Grammy Awards and will also mark the telecasts return to the MGM Grand Garden Arena.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The 18th Latin Grammy's were held in the winter nearly two years before today.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 18th Latin Grammy's were held in the winter nearly two years before today.,{ contradiction } They were held in winter nearly two years ago. I think the system missed it because of my language. +"Using the premise: 'Hot Plate
Drew took his plate out of the microwave. He was trying to hold it. Since the plate was hot, it quickly dropped from his hand. It fell on the floor and broke. His soup covered the entire floor.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Drew had a lot of food on the plate.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Drew had a lot of food on the plate.,{ entailment } It isn't known how much food was on the plate. +"Given the context: 'The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related system software it once created for compatible third-party systems.' , classify the statement: 'In 1984 the first Macintosh was released.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",In 1984 the first Macintosh was released.,"{ neutral } "" it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984""" +" There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) ""single""-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of digital audio CD tracks. The original 1989 release of David Bowie's retrospective Sound + Vision CD box set prominently featured a CD-V video of Ashes to Ashes, and standalone promo CD-Vs featured the video, plus three audio tracks: ""John, I'm Only Dancing"", ""Changes"", and ""The Supermen"". What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for? ",What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for?, music video +"With the given context: 'Clay (knee) was limited for the second straight practice Thursday, Chris Brown of the Bills' official site reports. Clay was DNP-limited-limited last week and still played in the Week 11 loss to the Chargers, so the odds are good he'll play in Week 12 even though the odds are also good he'll end up with a questionable designation Friday. The Bills play in the early wave of games Sunday, were Clay could be a factor in the passing game if one or both of wide receivers Kelvin Benjamin and Jordan Matthews have to sit.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Bills lost in week 10.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Bills lost in week 10.,{ entailment } Reason: The results for week 10 were never mentioned. Why: They lost in week 11 definitely in the context given. +"Examine the information in 'Jefferson Columbus Davis (March 2, 1828 – November 30, 1879) was a regular officer of the United States Army during the American Civil War, known for the similarity of his name to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and for his killing of a superior officer in 1862.' Is the statement: 'Jefferson Columbus Davis was 44 when he killed a superior officer in 1862.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Jefferson Columbus Davis was 44 when he killed a superior officer in 1862.,{ neutral } Jefferson Columbus Davis would have been 34 in 1862 and the statement was confusing for the system due to math +"Given the premise: 'Edward C. Rochette (born February 17, 1927) has devoted nearly all of his adult life in service to the American Numismatic Association. His first exposure to the ANA was as an editor of ""The Numismatist"" in 1966. Later, he would spend most of his 20 years as executive vice president. In 1987 he was elected to the ANA Board of Governors, and would serve as its president from 1991 to 1993.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Edward C. Rochette ran for mayor.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Edward C. Rochette ran for mayor.,{ contradiction } He could have ran for mayor and not just president. +"With the given context: 'How to smooth frizzy hair
Wash with a moisturizing shampoo. Frizz is often caused by dryness, so it's important to restore moisture to your hair in the shower. Always use a sulfate-free shampoo.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Frizz is not caused by dryness 100% of the time, or in all cases.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Frizz is not caused by dryness 100% of the time, or in all cases.","{ neutral } With the context saying ""Frizz is often caused by dryness,"" this implies that dryness does not do so every single time / 100% of the time." +" From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates and writings, specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and thus Christians and Christianity alike. In the 2nd century, as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics, Celsus suggested that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier named Panthera. The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen, the Church Father in Alexandria, Egypt, who considered it a fabricated story. How far Celsus sourced his view from Jewish sources remains a subject of discussion. In which century did Celsus suggest that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier? ",In which century did Celsus suggest that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier?, 2nd +"With the premise: 'Door
Alvin opened the door. He surprised his Wife. His wife had a visitor. His name was Frank. His wife was cheating on him with Frank.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Frank knew Alvin was coming then.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Frank knew Alvin was coming then.,"{ neutral } Reason: They were surprised; since it was an affair, Frank would not have been there had he known Alvin was coming. Why: It couldn't decided between Incorrect or Neither (this one was right on the line!)" +"With the given context: 'Lucjan Karasiewicz (born July 10, 1979 in Tarnowskie Góry) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 6844 votes in 28 Częstochowa, standing for Law and Justice. He joined Poland Comes First when that party split from Law and Justice in 2010.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Karasiewicz was elected to Sejm when he was 27 years old.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Karasiewicz was elected to Sejm when he was 27 years old.,{ entailment } 9/5/05 - 7/10/79 = 26 years +" The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted, and that it should include political groups or any group so defined by the perpetrator and quotes Chalk and Jonassohn: ""Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator."" While there are various definitions of the term, Adam Jones states that the majority of genocide scholars consider that ""intent to destroy"" is a requirement for any act to be labelled genocide, and that there is growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion. In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing? ","In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing?", Genocide +" Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices and contributed to or even reinforced the financial crisis. In other cases, laws were changed or enforcement weakened in parts of the financial system. Key examples include: What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis? ",What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis?, Basel +"Analyze the premise: 'This government had better be prepared to reinforce the budgets of these institutions that we rely on to protect our security, the security of our industries and the high tech development occurring, to protect those secrets from encroachment and incursion by forces outside of our country that have almost an open door to move across our borders into our country and set up their espionage organizations to take these secrets from our very high tech society in this country and use them against us.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'This government had better be prepared to reinforce the budgets of these institutions that we rely on to protect our cars' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",This government had better be prepared to reinforce the budgets of these institutions that we rely on to protect our cars,"{ neutral } We rely to protect our security, not cars." +"Consider the premise in: 'How to rip content protected cds without using the bundled software
You need to disable autorun. Do this by running regedit. Exe (press start, run, type regedit, press enter). In the registry editor, navigate to hkey _ local _ machine \ system \ currentcontrolset \ services \ cdrom.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'In the registry editor, navigate to hkey and Exe. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","In the registry editor, navigate to hkey and Exe. ","{ entailment } According to the text, In the registry editor, navigate to hkey _ local _ machine \ system \ currentcontrolset \ services \ cdrom. The Exe have nothing to do with it. " +" Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks are the largest ethnic European groups in the city. Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States, after New York City. South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market. The Pennsport neighborhood and Gray's Ferry section of South Philadelphia, home to many Mummer clubs, are well known as Irish neighborhoods. The Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is well known in particular as the center of the Polish immigrant and Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. Northeast Philadelphia, although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is also home to a large Jewish and Russian population. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a large Jewish community, while nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant stronghold. What area of the city has a large Italian neighborhood? ",What area of the city has a large Italian neighborhood?, South Philadelphia +" As of 2012, renewable energy plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries globally. Renewables are becoming increasingly economic in both developing and developed countries. Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources. Without a level playing field, however, high market penetration of renewables is still dependent on a robust promotional policies. Fossil fuel subsidies, which are far higher than those for renewable energy, remain in place and quickly need to be phased out. What plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries? ",What plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries?, renewable energy +"Based on the details provided in: 'Sarah Beth Noriega (born April 24, 1976) is a former indoor volleyball player. She played for Loyola Marymount University from 1994 to 1997 and was named the 1997 West Coast Conference Player of the Year. She also played for the United States national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics.' , determine if the claim: 'sarah still playing voleball today' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",sarah still playing voleball today,{ contradiction } the text says the story of sara till 2000 +" At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005–06 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers, or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which the player spends most time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation. Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager. Who's the most responsible for the teams tactics? ",Who's the most responsible for the teams tactics?, team's manager +"Reflect on the information in: 'Vladimir Andreyevich Tarasenko (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Тарасе́нко ; born 13 December 1991) is a Russian professional ice hockey right winger currently serving as an alternate captain for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was originally selected in the first round, 16th overall, in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft by St. Louis, joining the team for the 2012–13 season.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Tarasenko was born on December 13 in the late 1990s.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Tarasenko was born on December 13 in the late 1990s.,{ entailment } Tarasenko was born in 1991 and not the late 1990s. +" On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaïa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews, ranging from reserved observations by Style.com to excoriating commentary by The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others. On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week. The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his ""much improved"" sophomore effort. What was the name of West's fashion line for women? ",What was the name of West's fashion line for women?, DW Kanye West +" In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car. How many workers commute into the municipality? ",How many workers commute into the municipality?," 94,367 " +" As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of ""quake lakes"" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream. As of May 27, 2008, 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers, and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people. Entire villages had to be evacuated because of the resultant flooding. What blocked many of the area's rivers? ",What blocked many of the area's rivers?, large landslides +"Using the premise: 'Abroad with Two Yanks is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Helen Walker, William Bendix and Dennis O'Keefe as the title characters. It was Bendix's third and final role in a film as a US Marine and the first of Dwan's three films about the United States Marine Corps.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Dennis O'Keefe played a US Marine in the 1944 film Abroad with Two Yanks' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Dennis O'Keefe played a US Marine in the 1944 film Abroad with Two Yanks,{ entailment } We only know Bendix played a Us Marine from the text +" At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot, out of the centre of the city, for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer, Princess Obreskoff. Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind. Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849? ",Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?, Chaillot +"Examine the information in 'The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels written by American author James Oliver Rigney, Jr. under his pen name of Robert Jordan. Originally planned as a six-book series, ""The Wheel of Time"" spanned fourteen volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and a companion book. Jordan began writing the first volume, ""The Eye of the World"", in 1984, and it was published in January, 1990.' Is the statement: 'Rigney got his pen name from the main character within The Wheel of Time series' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Rigney got his pen name from the main character within The Wheel of Time series,"{ contradiction } It was never stated how he came up with his pen name leaving multiple possibles. It is possible for him to have based it off of a character in the series or from anything for that matter. It's very open ended. As for why it was difficult for the model, this is one of the times I don't have an answer as I was sure it wouldn't work against it. " +" The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily. The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings. This is the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space. This is also the only technique available under the standard when multi-zone metering (also called pattern metering) is used. What distinction does the Recommended Exposure Index have? ",What distinction does the Recommended Exposure Index have?, the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space +" The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday. In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 a.m.). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day. Maslenitsa is celebrated in what type of nation? ",Maslenitsa is celebrated in what type of nation?, Eastern Orthodox +"Given the premise: 'The 26th annual Miss Rattan High School Scholarship Pageant will be held at 7 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 15 at the Rattan Gymnasium. Twelve beautiful and talented young ladies will be competing for the crown of Miss RHS and more than $12,000 in scholarships and prizes. For the full story, see the Tuesday, Oct. 11 edition of the Hugo News, or visit our E-Edition.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Twelve high school students will be featured on October 11th.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Twelve high school students will be featured on October 11th.,"{ contradiction } This statement is definitely correct, because the story that features the students will be featured on October 11th. Additionally, based on the context, the girls are high school students. The system may have gotten this wrong, because I did not include many details. " +"From the information in: 'Victory is the eleventh studio album by German band Running Wild. It is the third and final album in a trilogy of a theme of good versus evil, started with ""Masquerade"" and continued with ""The Rivalry"", and is the only album in their discography not to include any pirate-themed songs/topics.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Victory is in German.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Victory is in German.,{ entailment } Victory is recorded by a German band but no mention is made which language it is in. +" For centuries, Jews worldwide have spoken the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive dialectal forms or branches that became independent languages. Yiddish is the Judæo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe. Ladino is the Judæo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula. Due to many factors, including the impact of the Holocaust on European Jewry, the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, and widespread emigration from other Jewish communities around the world, ancient and distinct Jewish languages of several communities, including Judæo-Georgian, Judæo-Arabic, Judæo-Berber, Krymchak, Judæo-Malayalam and many others, have largely fallen out of use. What is the Judaeo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe? ",What is the Judaeo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe?, Yiddish +" There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium. Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside? ",Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?, University of Edinburgh +"Considering the context: 'MOBILE, Alabama (WKRG) — We’re not kitten you – today, Sunday October 29th, is National Cat Day. If it feels like we just celebrated our feline friends, you’re right. October 16th was global cat day which focused on policies to protect cats. National Cat Day was founded to recognize the numbers of cats that need to be rescued. Pet owners are also encouraged to celebrate the cats in their lives.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The day is about dogs as well' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The day is about dogs as well,"{ neutral } It is clearly not a day for dogs too. I think the model got confused to to uncertainty, but it is pretty obvious. " +"Given the context: 'Forbidden Heaven is a 1935 American drama film directed by Reginald Barker and written by Sada Cowan and Jefferson Parker. The film stars Charles Farrell, Charlotte Henry, Beryl Mercer, Fred Walton, Eric Wilton and Phyllis Barry. The film was released on October 5, 1935, by Republic Pictures.' , classify the statement: 'Forbidden Heaven is a 1935 American drama film released in the same month as the holiday Halloween.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Forbidden Heaven is a 1935 American drama film released in the same month as the holiday Halloween.,"{ neutral } Halloween is in October, the same month this film was released. " +"From the facts presented in 'Hayat Al-Fahad (Arabic: حياة الفهد; born April 18, 1948) is a Kuwaiti actress, broadcaster and writer. She is one of the most prominent artists in the Persian Gulf region. As well as being an actress, she writes poetry, stories and scenarios where has written several television business.' , decide if the statement: 'Hayat Al-Fahad has more professions than writer and actress' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Hayat Al-Fahad has more professions than writer and actress,{ neutral } She has three professions listed in the statement +"Reflect on the information in: 'Derek Ervin Smith (November 1, 1961 – August 9, 1996) was an American professional basketball player. He won a national championship with the Louisville Cardinals in 1980, and spent nine years in the NBA in a career shortened by a knee injury. He would later become an assistant coach for the Washington Bullets from 1994 until his death.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Derek Smith spent less than a decade playing in the NBA.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Derek Smith spent less than a decade playing in the NBA.,{ contradiction } I don't think it knows decade = 10 years. +"Examine the premise: 'Barcelona's record signing Ousmane Dembele is set to return from a long injury layoff in tomorrow morning's (Singapore time) Copa del Rey match against Celta Vigo, the club have said. Dembele, who joined Barcelona for a 105-million euro (S$168m) fee that could rise to 147m euros from Borussia Dortmund in August, made only three appearances for Barca before rupturing his hamstring against Getafe on Sept 16. The 20-year-old French forward returned to training last month and received his medical discharge on Tuesday.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Barcelona's record signing Ousmane Dembele is set to return from a long injury layoff next week' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Barcelona's record signing Ousmane Dembele is set to return from a long injury layoff next week,{ entailment } he's returning tomorrow +"Examine the information in 'Carlos flat tire
Carlos is driving home from a night out with this boys. Carlos hits something in the road. The car starts to slow down. He pulls over to see what's wrong. Carlos got a flat tire and called for help.' Is the statement: 'Carlos had a prostethic arm' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Carlos had a prostethic arm,{ contradiction } not clear if he has his arms +" The majority of video compression algorithms use lossy compression. Uncompressed video requires a very high data rate. Although lossless video compression codecs perform at a compression factor of 5-12, a typical MPEG-4 lossy compression video has a compression factor between 20 and 200. As in all lossy compression, there is a trade-off between video quality, cost of processing the compression and decompression, and system requirements. Highly compressed video may present visible or distracting artifacts. What requires a high data rate? ",What requires a high data rate?, Uncompressed video +"Given the context: 'MuscleCar is a television program whose hosts demonstrate how to rebuild muscle cars while sharing information about these cars and their history. It became a part of a group of shows called the Powerblock, currently shown on Spike TV, on January 7, 2006.' , classify the statement: 'MuscleCar has aired on Spike TV for more than a decade.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",MuscleCar has aired on Spike TV for more than a decade.,"{ neutral } This statement is correct because the information given provides that MuscleCar has been part of SpikeTV's powerblock since January 2006, which is over 13 years ago. I think the subtle (i.e., not numbers) reference to the time frame fooled the model." +"Given the context: 'Bantiger TV Tower is a 196 metre tall tower used for FM- and TV-transmission at on the Bantiger mountain, a mountain east of Berne situated in the municipality of Bolligen. The Bantiger TV Tower was built between 1991 and 1996 as replacement of a 100 metres tall radio tower, built in 1954.' , classify the statement: 'Bantiger TV Tower is used for AM-, FM-, and TV-transmissions. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Bantiger TV Tower is used for AM-, FM-, and TV-transmissions. ",{ entailment } It is incorrect because it does not transmit the AM frequency. +" Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to ""see"" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name). In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range? ","In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?"," 900–14,000 " +"Given the premise: 'Pixote: a Lei do Mais Fraco (] , lit. ""Pixote (small child): The Law of the Weak"") is a 1980 Brazilian drama film directed by Héctor Babenco. The screenplay was written by Babenco and Jorge Durán, based on the book ""A Infância dos Mortos"" (""The Childhood of the Dead Ones"") by José Louzeiro.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Pixote: a Lei do Mais Fraco is a drama play and the screenplay was written by two different men.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Pixote: a Lei do Mais Fraco is a drama play and the screenplay was written by two different men.,{ contradiction } It's true the screenplay was written by both Babenco and Jorden Duran. +" Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming: an intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information. What is the spacing effect? ",What is the spacing effect?, shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time +"Considering the context: 'The 1984 North Dakota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1984 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota. Voters selected Democratic candidate George A. Sinner and his running mate Ruth Meiers over Republican incumbent Governor Allen I. Olson and Lieutenant Governor Ernest Sands.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Voters selected Democratic Candidate George A Sinner over Ruth Meiers' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Voters selected Democratic Candidate George A Sinner over Ruth Meiers,{ entailment } Ruth was his running mate +"Given the detailed context: 'Earlly Mac is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan, who is best known for his collaborations with American rapper Big Sean. In 2010 he released his debut mixtape, ""Party Up!"". His debut EP, ""God Knows"", was released in January 2015, by Foolay Ent., LLC. The EP included the single ""Do It Again"" featuring Big Sean, which peaked at number 6 on the ""Billboard"" Twitter Emerging Artists chart.', judge whether the statement: 'Earlly Mac collaborated with other rappers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Earlly Mac collaborated with other rappers.,{ neutral } The text says that Mac collaborated with Big Sean. I'm not sure how the system missed this one. +"Given the context: 'Justin Smith (born 9 August 1977 in Narromine, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league footballer. A utility player, Smith played for the St. George Illawarra Dragons, South Sydney Rabbitohs and the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League (NRL).' , classify the statement: 'Justin Smith is 42 years old' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Justin Smith is 42 years old,{ contradiction } Once again the AI really really seems to struggle with ages. +"Given the detailed context: 'And not only the training in police procedures, but human relations. And I think that racial profiling is part of a larger issue of how we deal with race in America. And as for singling people out because of race, you know, James Byrd was singled out because of his race in Texas.', judge whether the statement: 'Nobody else had race profiling in Texas.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nobody else had race profiling in Texas.,{ contradiction } There is no way to know this answer from the given information. The system could not make this determination. +"Based on the details provided in: 'A U.S. military transport plane carrying humanitarian aid meant for Venezuelans landed in the Colombian border city of Cucuta on Saturday, where food and medicine are being stored amid uncertainty over how and where aid will be distributed. Havovi Cooper reports.' , determine if the claim: 'The Venezualian government will allow the supplies to be distributed as the agency sees fit.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Venezualian government will allow the supplies to be distributed as the agency sees fit.,{ contradiction } There is uncertainty about how the supplies will be distributed and there is no way of knowing the Venezuelan government's plan for the use of the aid. +" Through the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distortion. RCA Victor introduced another system to reduce dynamic range and achieve a groove with less surface noise under the commercial name of Dynagroove. Two main elements were combined: another disk material with less surface noise in the groove and dynamic compression for masking background noise. Sometimes this was called ""diaphragming"" the source material and not favoured by some music lovers for its unnatural side effects. Both elements were reflected in the brandname of Dynagroove, described elsewhere in more detail. It also used the earlier advanced method of forward-looking control on groove spacing with respect to volume of sound and position on the disk. Lower recorded volume used closer spacing; higher recorded volume used wider spacing, especially with lower frequencies. Also, the higher track density at lower volumes enabled disk recordings to end farther away from the disk center than usual, helping to reduce endtrack distortion even further. What technique were used to reduce inner-groove distortion? ",What technique were used to reduce inner-groove distortion?, CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering +"Given the premise: 'Kasey Peters (born May 20, 1987) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Saddleback, Santa Ana, Grand Valley State and Rocky Mountain. He was a member of the Tri-Cities Fever, New Mexico Stars, West Texas Wildcatters, Duke City Gladiators, Las Vegas Outlaws, New Orleans VooDoo, Portland Steel and Monterrey Steel.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'West Texas Wildcatters is a college football team.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",West Texas Wildcatters is a college football team.,{ neutral } West Texas Wildcatters is a professional indoor football team. The system probably doesn't know anything about pro football. +" Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work but when in June 1943, Packard promoted three blacks to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 whites walked off the job. The Detroit race riot of 1943 took place three weeks after the Packard plant protest. Over the course of three days, 34 people were killed, of whom 25 were African American, and approximately 600 were injured, 75% black people. How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943? ",How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943?, 34 +"From the facts presented in 'The Armed Forces Press Committee (COPREFA) admitted that the government troops sustained 11 casualties in these clashes, adding that they inflicted three casualties on the rebels.' , decide if the statement: 'The Committee did not want to share what had happened to the troops' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Committee did not want to share what had happened to the troops,"{ contradiction } We do not know if they didn't want to share it, only that they did " +"Consider the premise in: 'In this case, the change agreed to between the Department of Canadian Heritage and the department concerned takes precedence over other regulations under the Fisheries Act, the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act, the Canada Shipping Act, the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, the Navigable Waters Protection Act or the Aeronautics Act.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Department of Canadian Heritage cannot disagree with the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Department of Canadian Heritage cannot disagree with the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act,"{ neutral } The statement says that an agreement with this department has taken precedence over this act, indicating the two must disagree in some manner. I am not sure why the model cannot predict this one." +"Analyze the premise: 'Ilse von Glatz (August 21, 1958 – May 2, 2014) was a Canadian actress who played an Advocate in the 1988 science fiction TV series ""War of the Worlds"". She also worked in ""The Mind of Simon Foster"" (episode of ""the 1985 version of The Twilight Zone""). She also appeared in at least one episode of """" in 1989.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ilse von Glatz lived to be over 90 years of age.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ilse von Glatz lived to be over 90 years of age.,{ entailment } Ilse von Glatz played one of the aliens in war of the worlds tv series. +"From the facts presented in 'OK! Everybody sing! “I”m dreaming of a wet Christmas just like the ones we used to know.” While it may not compare with Bing Crosby”s classic “White Christmas,” it should be an accurate forecast for the remainder of the week. The National Weather Service is calling for a string of cold, wet storms coming to Northern California for the rest of the week. However, the weather guesseers don”t think it will be cold enough to bring snow to the valley or even the lower foothills.' , decide if the statement: 'There will be a string of rainy days in Southern California' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",There will be a string of rainy days in Southern California,{ contradiction } The prompt is only talking about Northern California. Nothing is mentioned about Southern California. It again doesn't recognize both can be possible. It only thinks N. California can have rainy weather days +" Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed. What limits the feral dog population in Russia? ",What limits the feral dog population in Russia?, Wolves +" According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, La Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run it, and Max Clifford, who had been Starr's public relations agent. Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him; the attention helped to revive his career. In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped, Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication: ""I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, mouse, shrew, vole or any other small mammal."" Who was previously Starr's public relations agent? ",Who was previously Starr's public relations agent?, Max Clifford +"Consider the premise in: 'Hoodlum is a 1997 American crime drama film that gives a fictionalized account of the gang war between the Italian/Jewish mafia alliance and the Black gangsters of Harlem that took place in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The film concentrated on Ellsworth ""Bumpy"" Johnson (Laurence Fishburne), Dutch Schultz (Tim Roth), and Lucky Luciano (Andy García).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Hoodlum is not from europe' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Hoodlum is not from europe,{ contradiction } seems to be confused about geography +" Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two sounds should be assigned to the same phoneme. However, other considerations often need to be taken into account as well. Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language? ",Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?, sound inventory +"Analyze the premise: 'The Cat Scratch
Kelsey was playing with her childhood pet, a cat. She was scratching him like he always liked to be. Suddenly he freaked out and scratched Kelsey. Kelsey didn't understand this behavior from her usually sweet cat. She realized that her cat must have had an injury on her scratch spot.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The cat bit Kelsey later.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The cat bit Kelsey later.,"{ contradiction } It just mentioned that it scratched her. So it may have bit her later or maybe it didn't... there's no way to know if the cat was going to bite her later... it didn't talk about it at all, so it may have happened or it may not have happened. " +"Analyze the premise: 'Increased liabilities will add a little to the cost of marine insurance but commercial vessels insured in mutual protection and indemnity associations will probably see no substantive increase in insurance rates because coverage already provided by mutual associations is unlimited.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Increased liabilities will increase costs to commercial vessels' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Increased liabilities will increase costs to commercial vessels,"{ entailment } ""ommercial vessels insured in mutual protection and indemnity associations will probably see no substantive increase in insurance rates """ +" In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected. These seasons also featured a wildcard round, where contestants who failed to qualify were given another chance. In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges, giving a total of ten finalists. In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all. How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol? ",How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?, ten +"Given the premise: 'Scott Devours (born December 15, 1966) is an American drummer and songwriter based in Long Beach, California. Devours has played drums for the post-grunge bands Oleander, IMA Robot and Long Beach bands like Speaker and Shave, worked on over thirty albums and toured with a number of well-known artists, including The Who.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Scott Devours played the drums in 1966.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Scott Devours played the drums in 1966.,{ entailment } Scott was born in 1966 and would not be able to play drums as a baby. +" In jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions the doctrine of stare decisis is not generally considered to apply, so the decisions of the supreme court are not necessarily binding beyond the immediate case before it; however, in practice the decisions of the supreme court usually provide a very strong precedent, or jurisprudence constante, for both itself and all lower courts. What jurisdictions does this system not apply to? ",What jurisdictions does this system not apply to?, civil law jurisdictions +" Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine. In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken? ",In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?, Ukraine +" Portuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. Portuguese film directors such as Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes, João Botelho and Leonel Vieira, are among those that gained notability. Noted Portuguese film actors include Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado. In which period was cinema born? ",In which period was cinema born?, late 19th century +" In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her ""continuance of hysterics"" over a ""miserable trifle"". What was the name of Victoria's eigth child? ",What was the name of Victoria's eigth child?, Leopold +"Analyze the premise: 'Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Гринько́в , February 4, 1967 — November 20, 1995) was a Russian pair skater. Together with partner and wife Ekaterina Gordeeva, he was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and a four-time World Champion.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov became the 1988 Olympic Champion with his partner while his wife cheered from the audience.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov became the 1988 Olympic Champion with his partner while his wife cheered from the audience.,{ neutral } It has been stated that Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov skated and won the Olympic Championship with his partner and wife in 1988. +"From the facts presented in 'Tosca Musk is an American filmmaker. She is a producer and director of feature films, television programs and web content. Her web series, ""Tiki Bar TV"", and Hallmark television movie, ""Holiday Engagement"" have garnered some attention, with ""Holiday Engagement"" setting records for the most-watched television movie on Hallmark. She is the sister of entrepreneurs Elon and Kimbal Musk.' , decide if the statement: 'Tosca is the daughter of Elon Musk.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Tosca is the daughter of Elon Musk.,{ entailment } Tosca is the sister of Elon Musk. The system was confused by the relationship. +" The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton. What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880? ",What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?, the Royal Naval Engineering College +"With the given context: '""Don't Worry 'Bout It"" is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent, released on March 18, 2014 as the first single from his fifth studio album ""Animal Ambition"" (2014). The song features a guest verse by fellow American rapper Yo Gotti and was produced by Charli Brown Beatz.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Don't Worry 'Bout It is a song released by rapper 50 Cent that has two punctuation marks in the title.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Don't Worry 'Bout It is a song released by rapper 50 Cent that has two punctuation marks in the title.,"{ neutral } There are two punctuation marks in the title of the song, and I was hoping that the system would not understand that question." +"Considering the context: 'A juvenile hacker who crippled an airport tower for six hours, damaged atown's phone system, and broke into pharmacy records has been charged in afirst-ever federal prosecution, the U.S. Attorney's office announcedtoday.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'An outlaw the hacker will always be.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",An outlaw the hacker will always be.,"{ contradiction } The hacker's activities in the future are uncertain making this statement neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. What I find interesting is that the model caught ""the hacker will always be an outlaw"", but failed to capture ""an outlaw the hacker will always be."" Something about shaking up the sentence structure knocked it off. " +" Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish ""National Edition"", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources. What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966? ",What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?, Paderewski +" The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid season fire sale led to another last place finish in the NL Central, finishing with a record of 66-96. Although there was a five-game improvement in the record from the year before, Anthony Rizzo and Starlin Castro seemed to take steps backward in their development. On September 30, 2013, Theo Epstein made the decision to fire manager Dale Sveum after just two seasons at the helm of the Cubs. The regression of several young players was thought to be the main focus point, as the front office said Dale would not be judged based on wins and losses. In two seasons as skipper, Sveum finished with a record of 127-197. Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm? ","Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?", Matt Garza +"From the information in: 'Friedrich Wilhelm Konrad von Brodowski, known at ""Fritz"", (November 26, 1886 – October 28, 1944) was a German army general, controversially killed while in French custody during World War II. His death led to the murder, by way of a reprisal, of an imprisoned French army general, Gustave Mesny.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The French army General, Gustave Mesny, was imprisoned by the French in World War II.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The French army General, Gustave Mesny, was imprisoned by the French in World War II.","{ entailment } Gustave Mesny was not imprisoned by the French because he WAS a French army general in WWII. I think it was difficult for the machine because I used mostly words from the context, but mixed them up in a way that made the statement incorrect." +"Analyze the premise: 'Donald Berry, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who was not involved in the study, told The Associated Press in an email that he believes the report is more accurate than the one released by Harvard investigators in May that estimated up to 4,600 more deaths than usual occurred.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Donald Berry was involved to a limited extent in the research.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Donald Berry was involved to a limited extent in the research.,"{ neutral } The passage states, ""Donald Berry was not involved in the study"" " +" This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to ""George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses"" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610. What was the name of the Royal Charter? ",What was the name of the Royal Charter?, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies +" Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917? ",Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?, Mountain City +"Consider the premise in: 'In late 2006, Aneta Krawczyk accused the party's leader Andrzej Lepper of having offered her political favours for sex in 2001, and then said he had been the father of her youngest child. She said the same of Lepper's close collaborator and MP, Stanislaw Lyzwinski, and accused him of rape and sexual abuse. She also said that Popecki, who had been Lyzwinski's aide, had tried to induce a miscarriage by giving her a labour-inducing drug called oxytocin.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Aneta Krawczyk has the initials WL.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Aneta Krawczyk has the initials WL.,{ entailment } It is definitely incorrect to say Aneta Krawczyk has the initials WL because her initals are AK. +"Examine the information in 'Well, you know, certainly what is happening in the country today in the way of congressional -- under the Commerce Clause is totally different than what the Framers had in mind, but we've never felt that that was the criterion. What the Framers thought of, there weren't steamboats, there weren't railroads.' Is the statement: 'This result was expected' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",This result was expected,{ contradiction } No result can be expected. +"Given the detailed context: 'Angela
Angela loved diving. Angela decided she wanted to teach diving for a living. Angela took diving instructor classes. Angela received all her instructor certifications. Angela found a job teaching diving in Cozumel.', judge whether the statement: 'Angela lives in Mexico' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Angela lives in Mexico,"{ neutral } If she works in Cozumel, she must live in Mexico." +" The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles stake their claim as the dominant race of the land, with species such as Dilophosaurus at the top. The first true crocodiles evolved, pushing out the large amphibians to near extinction. All-in-all, reptiles rise to rule the world. Meanwhile, the first true mammals evolve, but remained relatively small sized. What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic? ",What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic?, 200 million years to 175 million +"Given the detailed context: 'Ralph Edward Tresvant Sr. (born May 16, 1968), also known as Rizz and Rizzo, is an American contemporary R&B singer best known as the lead singer of R&B/pop group New Edition. As a solo artist, Tresvant released the album ""Ralph Tresvant"" (1990). In 2008, he began touring with Bobby Brown and Johnny Gill in a new group named Heads of State.', judge whether the statement: 'Ralph Tresvant is still touring with Heads of State.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ralph Tresvant is still touring with Heads of State.,"{ contradiction } The article says he began touring with them in 2008, it does not say whether or not he still is touring so we can not be definitive. I think the system has a hard time understanding timelines." +" In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands. By the end of his historic month, the outfielder's 33 home runs tied him with Ken Griffey, Jr. and left him only four behind McGwire's 37. Sosa finished with 66 and won the NL MVP Award. When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? ",When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? , 1998 +" The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. When did the US buy Alaska? ",When did the US buy Alaska?, 1867 +" Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs. What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs? ",What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?, 40% +" Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radicals stormed party buildings and effectively overthrew the communist powers in the southern town of Lenkoran. Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as ""Black January."" Late on January 19, 1990, after blowing up the central television station and cutting the phone and radio lines, 26,000 Soviet troops entered the Azerbaijani capital Baku, smashing barricades, attacking protesters, and firing into crowds. On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians. More than 700 civilians were wounded, hundreds were detained, but only a few were actually tried for alleged criminal offenses. Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988? ",Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988?, Armenians and Azerbaijanis +" From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain. Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft. However, the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions. What did the Observer Corps observe and report on? ",What did the Observer Corps observe and report on?, hostile aircraft flying over Britain +" The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Students sat the 11+ examination in their last year of primary education and were sent to one of a secondary modern, secondary technical or grammar school depending on their perceived ability. Secondary technical schools were never widely implemented and for 20 years there was a virtual bipartite system which saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places, which varied between 15% and 25% of total secondary places, depending on location.[citation needed] what was Anthony Crosland's role in government? ",what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?, Secretary of State for Education +"With the premise: 'Hades (also sometimes referred to as Pluto or Hell) is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as an adversary and sometimes-ally of the super hero Wonder Woman. Based upon the Greek mythological figure of the same name, he is the Greek god of the dead and ruler of the underworld.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Greek god of the dead inspired DC to create the enemy of Wonder Woman.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Greek god of the dead inspired DC to create the enemy of Wonder Woman.,"{ neutral } Based on the information provided Hades was a fictional character from the DC comics inspired by the Greek mythology and he was the adversary of Wonder Woman, therefore the statement is definitely correct. I think that the different wording and the use of synonyms confused the system." +" Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of ""Indomania"", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was ""British Indophobia"", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English ""common-sense view"" that Indians constituted a ""separate, inferior and unimprovable race"". What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible? ",What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?, assimilated to Britain +" Born in Bay City, Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she signed with Sire Records (an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. Records) in 1982 and released her self-titled debut album the following year. She followed it with a series of commercially and critcally successful albums, including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including ""Like a Virgin"", ""Into the Groove"", ""Papa Don't Preach"", ""Like a Prayer"", ""Vogue"", ""Frozen"", ""Music"", ""Hung Up"", and ""4 Minutes"". Name Madonna's Grammy award album in 1998? ",Name Madonna's Grammy award album in 1998?, Ray of Light +" Derrick May a.k.a. ""MAYDAY"" and Thomas Barnett released ""Nude Photo"" in 1987 on May's label ""Transmat Records"", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs.[citation needed] A year later, Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music's classic anthems – the seminal track ""Strings of Life"". Transmat Records went on to have many more successful releases[citation needed] such as 1988's ""Wiggin"". As well, Derrick May had successful[citation needed] releases on Kool Kat Records and many remixes for a host of underground and mainstream recording artist. Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987? ",Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987?," ""Nude Photo"" " +"Given the context: 'Ezhou () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hubei Province, China. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 1,048,668, of which 668,727 lived in the core Echeng District. The Ezhou - Huanggang built-up (""or metro"") area was home to 1,035,496 inhabitants from the Echeng and Huangzhou, Huanggang Districts.' , classify the statement: 'Ezhou had a population less than 1,200,000 in the 2010 census.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Ezhou had a population less than 1,200,000 in the 2010 census.","{ contradiction } Ezhou had a population of 1,048,668. The system is confused by the numbers." +"Analyze the premise: 'Naser Mestarihi EP is the eponymous debut EP of Doha based hard rock guitarist Naser Mestarihi. The release of the album marked the first official release of a rock album out of Qatar. All the lyrics and music on the album were written by Mestarihi, who also plays all the instruments with the exception of the drums.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Mestarihi has a drumset.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mestarihi has a drumset.,"{ entailment } It says someone else played drums on the album, but it's possible he has a drum set himself or that he doesn't. The model just sees drums and assumes it's correct." +" At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made ""pilgrimages"" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea. What was the name of the poem by Goethe? ",What was the name of the poem by Goethe?, Hermann and Dorothea +" In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates. What is an example of the ongoing orogeny? ",What is an example of the ongoing orogeny?, The Matterhorn +" The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954. In what state is the X-10 Graphite Reactor located? ",In what state is the X-10 Graphite Reactor located?, Tennessee +" Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to be involved in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks. What happens when both teams score the same amount of points? ",What happens when both teams score the same amount of points?, a draw +"Consider the premise in: 'Besides , they were too little to go outside of the Old Briar-patch now .
Indeed , they were too little to go outside their nursery , which was in a clump of sweet-briar bushes in the very middle of the Old Briar - patch , and Peter felt that there they were perfectly safe .
`` It is n't time to worry yet , '' said Peter to little Mrs. Peter , as he saw the fright in her eyes as the shadow of Redtail passed over them .
`` I do n't believe in borrowing trouble .' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'They needed to grow before leaving.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",They needed to grow before leaving.,{ neutral } They were too little to leave. +" Most airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside areas. To film in an airside location, all visitors must go through security, the same as passengers, and be accompanied by a full airside pass holder and have their passport with them at all times. Filming can not be undertaken in Security, at Immigration/Customs, or in Baggage Reclaim. What can not be undertaken n Security, at Immigration/Customs or in Baggage Reclaim? ","What can not be undertaken n Security, at Immigration/Customs or in Baggage Reclaim?", Filming +" Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population. How many multiracial people live in the Bronx? ",How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?," over 41,800 " +" An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it to New Agent Class 98-1 in October 1997. At present, the Model 23 ""FG&R"" (finger groove and rail) is the issue sidearm. New agents are issued firearms, on which they must qualify, on successful completion of their training at the FBI Academy. The Glock 26 in 9×19mm Parabellum, and Glock Models 23 and 27 in .40 S&W caliber are authorized as secondary weapons. Special agents are authorized to purchase and qualify with the Glock Model 21 in .45 ACP. Special agents of the FBI HRT (Hostage Rescue Team), and regional SWAT teams are issued the Springfield Professional Model 1911A1 .45 ACP pistol (see FBI Special Weapons and Tactics Teams). What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification? ",What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?, Glock 17 or Glock 19 +" Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his ""harmonic telegraph"".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed. Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what? ",Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what?, receiver +" In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed] What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock? ",What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock?, Brazil +"Using the premise: 'The Britain Burma Society (BBS) is a society founded in 1957 under the distinguished patronage of Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Sir Hubert Rance (formerly Governor of Burma), Miss Dorothy Woodman, the Rt. Hon. Malcolm MacDonald, the Rt. Hon. Arthur Bottomley and others.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Britain Burma Society was founded by no more than 5 members.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Britain Burma Society was founded by no more than 5 members.,{ neutral } It was founded by at least 6 members as the text names 5 and others +" Described as being ""sexy, seductive and provocative"" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego ""Sasha Fierce"" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being ""too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy"", stating, ""I'm not like her in real life at all."" Sasha was conceived during the making of ""Crazy in Love"", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month. Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed? ",Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed?, Allure magazine +"Given the context: 'Before the game, Alabama Birmingham Athletic Director and Coach Gene Bartow presented Cal State Northridge with a $5,000 check from Rust International Corp., for earthquake relief.' , classify the statement: 'The money was meant for disasters' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The money was meant for disasters,{ neutral } It was for earthquake relief. +" Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world. In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians? ",In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?, 10 +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Base 2: Guilty as Charged is a 2000 action/adventure film written by C. Courtney Joyner and Jeff Albert, produced Dana Dubovsky and Mark L. Lester, directed by Mark L. Lester and starring Antonio Sabato Jr. and James Remar. It is also the sequel to the 1999 film ""The Base"".' , determine if the claim: 'The Base 2: Guilty as Charged was made after 1999' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Base 2: Guilty as Charged was made after 1999,"{ contradiction } The movie was made in year 2000, which is after 1999" +"Using the premise: 'Richard Church Thompson (October 8, 1957 – July 27, 2016) was an American illustrator and cartoonist best known for his syndicated comic strip ""Cul de Sac"" and the illustrated poem ""Make the Pie Higher"". He was given the Reuben Award for Outstanding Cartoonist of the Year for 2010.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Thompson lived during two centuries.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Thompson lived during two centuries.,"{ contradiction } Thompson's birth and death dates are (October 8, 1957 – July 27, 2016) - so he lived during 20th and 21st centuries; maybe the model thinks it means he lived two centuries?" +"Examine the premise: 'How to make ice cream with milk
Combine milk, sugar, and vanilla in a medium bowl. Measure out each ingredient and add it to a medium-sized bowl. Use a large spoon to stir the ingredients together.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Sugar is bad for you.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Sugar is bad for you.,"{ contradiction } We do not know from the context whether or not sugar is bad for you, only that it is used to make ice cream, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"Analyze the premise: 'Sir Arthur Northcote, 2nd Baronet (1628–1688) was a baronet from Devon, England. He resided at Hayne in the parish of Newton St Cyres, Devon, which mansion house has since been demolished, and also at King's Nympton, Devon, which manor he purchased from Sir Hugh Pollard, 2nd Baronet, his father's first cousin, and where he was buried.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'He resided at Newton St Cyres in the parish of Hayne.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",He resided at Newton St Cyres in the parish of Hayne.,"{ entailment } It is definitely incorrect because I switched the names of the towns around..I think its hard for the AI to get it right because the names/words are in the paragraph, just in a different order and therefore a different meaning as well..Confuses it in a way.." +"From the facts presented in 'Tyson, who served three years in jail for rape in the 1990s and who bit off part of Evander Holyfield's ear during a 1997 fight, still thinks he can be heavyweight champion again.' , decide if the statement: 'Tyson was out of jail by 1997.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Tyson was out of jail by 1997.,{ contradiction } Tyson would have had to of been out of jail in 1997 in order to have bitten off the ear of Holyfield. +" Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam. What is the approximate area of Southeast Asia? ",What is the approximate area of Southeast Asia?," 4,000,000 km2 " +"Using the premise: 'Dead Again is a 1991 American romantic fantasy neo-noir mystery thriller film written by Scott Frank and directed by Kenneth Branagh. It stars Branagh and his then-wife Emma Thompson, and co-stars Andy García, Derek Jacobi, Wayne Knight, and Robin Williams.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Dead Again was produced twenty years ago.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Dead Again was produced twenty years ago.,{ entailment } Dead again is 28 years old. +"From the information in: 'Circus Palestine (Hebrew: קרקס פלשתינה‎ ‎ , translit. Kirkas Palestina) is a 1998 Israeli political satire film directed by Eyal Halfon, which was nominated for seven Israeli Film Academy Awards, winning five. The film was selected as the Israeli entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Another film was selected as a nominee for the Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Another film was selected as a nominee for the Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards.,"{ neutral } Since it wasn't Circus Palestine, it was another film selected!" +" Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path. How long does N Mountain Ave have a bike lane? ",How long does N Mountain Ave have a bike lane?, half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park +" At the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social structure was characterized both by syncretising with the native cultures of northern India, but also eventually by the excluding of indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure. During this period, many of the previous small tribal units and chiefdoms began to coalesce into monarchical, state-level polities. What did the Aryans label as impure in the indigenous peoples in order to exclude them from certain social classes? ",What did the Aryans label as impure in the indigenous peoples in order to exclude them from certain social classes?, occupations +" Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ranging from iconography to classicism and even modern design. In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form. Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style. What is the most common pattern for Portuguese pavement? ",What is the most common pattern for Portuguese pavement?, geometric +" The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts of Patristic literature as well as pagan authors. In 1439, while employed in Naples at the court of Alfonso V of Aragon (at the time engaged in a dispute with the Papal States) the humanist Lorenzo Valla used stylistic textual analysis, now called philology, to prove that the Donation of Constantine, which purported to confer temporal powers on the Pope of Rome, was an 8th-century forgery. For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way. Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world. The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West. What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system? ",What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?, Patristic literature +" These areas contain some spectacular scenery as well, as evidenced by such national parks as Yosemite and Mount Rainier. West of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada is a series of valleys, such as the Central Valley in California and the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Along the coast is a series of low mountain ranges known as the Pacific Coast Ranges. Much of the Pacific Northwest coast is inhabited by some of the densest vegetation outside of the Tropics, and also the tallest trees in the world (the Redwoods). What is the name of the famous valley located in Oregon? ",What is the name of the famous valley located in Oregon?, Willamette Valley +"Consider the premise in: 'Michael Shane Hollis (born May 22, 1972) is a former professional American football placekicker in the National Football League. He spent most of his nine-year professional career with the Jacksonville Jaguars, kicking for the team from 1995–2001 and setting several team records. He then played for the Buffalo Bills and New York Giants before retiring after an injury in 2003.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Michael Shane Hollis doesn't eat.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Michael Shane Hollis doesn't eat.,{ neutral } He is a human. +" The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a ""Learning Initiative,"" and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010. The Foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation. In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of sewers), and less on water supply. This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments, and because the Foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments. What efforts have the WSH taken ",What efforts have the WSH taken ," since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation " +" In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. What is the federation of Australia? ",What is the federation of Australia?," six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. " +" The agglomeration of Kathmandu has not yet been officially defined. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population. They have the three highest population densities in the country. Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu). Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2. (2011 census). The following data table describes the districts considered part of the agglomeration: What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur? ","What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur?", municipalities +" Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making. In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry, including perhaps the finest border ballad, ""The Ballad of Chevy Chase"", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale. The county was also a common location for folk songs, including ""The Lancashire Miller"", ""Warrington Ale"" and ""The soldier's farewell to Manchester"", while Liverpool, as a major seaport, was the subject of many sea shanties, including ""The Leaving of Liverpool"" and ""Maggie May"", beside several local Wassailing songs. In the Industrial Revolution changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song, often linked to migration and patterns of work. These included processional dances, often associated with rushbearing or the Wakes Week festivities, and types of step dance, most famously clog dancing. What did the county share with it's national traditions? ",What did the county share with it's national traditions?, balladry +"Reflect on the information in: 'Neurotic Outsiders was a supergroup founded in 1995, consisting of Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols, Matt Sorum and Duff McKagan of Guns N' Roses, and John Taylor of Duran Duran. The first line-up featured Billy Idol and Steve Stevens (together with McKagan and Sorum), but they were soon replaced by Jones and Taylor. The group was originally called Neurotic Boy Outsiders.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Neurotic Outsiders consisted of many band members from other popular bands.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Neurotic Outsiders consisted of many band members from other popular bands.,{ neutral } The context lists several band members that are well known. +"With the premise: 'William T. Anderson (1840 – October 26, 1864)—known as ""Bloody Bill"" Anderson—was one of the deadliest and most brutal pro-Confederate guerrilla leaders in the American Civil War. Anderson led a band that targeted Union loyalists and Federal soldiers in Missouri and Kansas.' , decide if the hypothesis: '""Bloody Bill"" Anderson disliked Union loyalists.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","""Bloody Bill"" Anderson disliked Union loyalists.","{ neutral } Since Anderson led a band against Union loyalists, we know that he was against the party." +"Given the detailed context: 'The politics of North Korea takes place within the framework of the official state philosophy, ""Juche"", a concept created by Hwang Jang-yop and later attributed to Kim Il-sung. The Juche theory is the belief that through self-reliance and a strong independent state, true socialism can be achieved.', judge whether the statement: 'North Korea has more than 0 state philosophies' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",North Korea has more than 0 state philosophies,{ neutral } North Korea state philosophy is based on a past leader of the country +"With the premise: 'I think it's a triumph. I thought the president made the right decision in joining NATO and bombing Serbia. I supported them when they did so. I called upon the Congress not to hamstring the administration, and in terms of forcing troop withdrawals on a timetable that wasn't necessarily in our best interest or fit our nation's strategy, and so I think it's good public policy, I think it worked, and I'm pleased I took -- made the decision I made.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The speaker is not talking extemporaneously.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The speaker is not talking extemporaneously.,"{ entailment } I have no idea who this speaker is, let alone whether or not they prepared their statement ahead of time. However, I seem to have thrown the system for a loop by inserting an obnoxiously long word that's not part of the context, but is still relevant." +"Using the premise: 'The Coupon
Ava wanted a new pair of jeans. She found a coupon for 25% off of her favorite store. She tried on lots of pairs. She found the perfect pair! They looked and felt great, so she bought them.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Ava desired lots of pairs of jeans.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Ava desired lots of pairs of jeans.,"{ entailment } The scenario uses the singular; ""Ava wanted a new pair of jeans."" This suggests a single pair, not multiple." +"Given the premise: 'Poor Joe expects to go overseas any day and wants Miranda to marry him before he goes , which shows that there have been ` communications ' in spite of Whiskers-on-the-moon .
Miranda wants to marry him but can not , and she declares it will break her heart . ''
` Why do n't you run away and marry him ? '
I said .
It did n't go against my conscience in the least to give her such advice .
Joe Milgrave is a splendid fellow and Mr. Pryor fairly beamed on him until the war broke out and I know Mr. Pryor would forgive Miranda very quickly , once it was over and he wanted his housekeeper back .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The initials of Joe Milgrave are JM.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The initials of Joe Milgrave are JM.,"{ contradiction } To say that The initials of Joe Milgrave are JM is definitely correct because his first name starts with J and his second name with an M, therefore JM." +"Examine the premise: 'Bullitt East High School is a high school located at 11450 Highway 44 East in the city of Mount Washington, Kentucky. It is part of the Bullitt County Public Schools district. Sports teams include: Archery, Swimming, Football, Soccer, Tennis, Track and Field, Baseball, Softball, Wrestling, Basketball, Volleyball and Cheerleading.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Bullitt East High School is the top private school in Kentucky.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Bullitt East High School is the top private school in Kentucky.,{ neutral } Bullitt East High School is part of the bulitt county public school district so it cannot be a private school. +" The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen).The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power, that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and Otto von Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades. French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I. Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I? ",Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I?, another Franco-German war +"From the facts presented in 'Engine is the second album by American Music Club. It was jointly released by Frontier and Grifter in the US and by Zippo in the UK and Europe in 1987. The 1998 Warner Bros. Records reissue added three additional tracks from the same period. The artwork for the Zippo UK release features an incorrect track listing, putting the songs in the wrong order.' , decide if the statement: 'Engine was jointly released more than 998 days ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Engine was jointly released more than 998 days ago.,{ contradiction } 998 days is less than 3 years and it was released 32 years ago. It's difficult because I used days as the measurement. +" There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific. When does Spring start in Zhejiang? ",When does Spring start in Zhejiang?, March +"With the premise: 'Suntaragaali (Kannada: ಸುಂಟರಗಾಳಿ ) is a 2006 Indian Kannada romantic action film directed by Sadhu Kokila and written by Ranganath. Besides direction, Sadhu Kokila has composed the music and also enacted in a supporting role. The main cast includes Darshan, Rakshita and Ashish Vidyarthi besides Seetha, Umashree and Rangayana Raghu in other pivotal roles.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The main cast in Suntaragaal was from India.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The main cast in Suntaragaal was from India.,{ entailment } The film was from India so we just assume the actors are also from India. +" South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is bordered to the west by Cary, to the east by Garner, and to the southwest by Holly Springs. Neighborhoods in South Raleigh include Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek, Carolina Pines, Rhamkatte, Riverbrooke, and Enchanted Oaks. What is different about South Raleigh? ",What is different about South Raleigh?, least developed and least dense +"Given the context: 'Dad and the Date
Lilly was a high schooler whose father was very protective. One night, Lilly had a date. The boy came and knocked on Lilly's front door. When Lily's dad answered, he glared at the boy. Strangely, the was the only date the boy and Lilly ever went on.' , classify the statement: 'Lilly had never been on a date before.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Lilly had never been on a date before.,{ contradiction } Nothing was mentioned whether or not Lilly had dated before. My statement is an unknown. +"Examine the premise: 'Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen, is an American actor, director, and producer, known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie ""A Christmas Story"" and as ""Messy Marvin"" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Peter Billingsley directed A Christmas Story' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Peter Billingsley directed A Christmas Story,"{ neutral } The context says that A Christmas Story was in 1983. Peter Billingsley would only have been 12 then, so was definitely not the director for this movie. The system probably found it hard to understand what roles a child can do, versus which roles need an adult" +"Based on the details provided in: 'Maps is the debut release by Ohio/Detroit-based pop punk band Mixtapes. The album was recorded over one weekend and released for free on Death to False Hope Records. It was later re-released in November 2011 on vinyl via Animal Style Records, featuring the 10 songs from ""Maps ""and a newly recorded EP titled ""Companions"". The album was re-titled ""Maps & Companions"".' , determine if the claim: 'Maps starts with an A.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Maps starts with an A.,{ entailment } Starts with a M +"With the premise: 'Kippur (כיפור) is a 2000 Israeli drama war film directed by Amos Gitai. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Gitai and Marie-Jose Sanselme; based on Gitai's own experiences as a member of a helicopter rescue crew during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The film stars actors Liron Levo, Tomer Russo and Uri Klauzner in principal roles.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kippur was relased in 2000.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kippur was relased in 2000.,{ neutral } It said it was a year 2000 film right in the passage. +"Given the premise: 'Ageratum ( ), (whiteweed in the USA), is a genus of 40 to 60 tropical and warm temperate flowering annuals and perennials from the family Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae. Most species are native to Central America and Mexico but four are native to the United States.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ageratum is a genus of 60 to 70 annualsand perennials' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Ageratum is a genus of 60 to 70 annualsand perennials,{ entailment } It is 40 to 60. Close numbers +" It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9] When did Japan invade Manchuria? ",When did Japan invade Manchuria?, 19 September 1931 +"Considering the context: 'Hosed Down
Bob had a lot of outdoor conduit. Animals had used them as a place for droppings for years. Bob wanted to take them with him when he moved. He hosed down the conduit as best as he could. When he was done, Bob thought they were safe to handle.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Animals used the conduit for shelter.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Animals used the conduit for shelter.,{ neutral } It used them for droppings. +" George Gaylord Simpson's ""Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals"" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals. Simpson laid the systematics of mammal origins and was taught universally up until the end of what century? ",Simpson laid the systematics of mammal origins and was taught universally up until the end of what century?, 20th +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Second Silesian War was a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. The name is used to describe Prussia's war against Austria between 1744 and 1745, fought mainly in Silesia, Bohemia, and Upper Saxony. It was the second in a series of three Silesian Wars fought between Frederick the Great's Prussia and Maria Theresa's Austria.' , determine if the claim: 'The Second Silesian War was fought after 1745.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Second Silesian War was fought after 1745.,{ entailment } The war was fought between no later than 1745. +"Given the context: 'Randall Park (born March 23, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and director. He played Kim Jong-Un in the 2014 film ""The Interview"", Minnesota governor Danny Chung in ""Veep"", and beginning in 2015 he portrayed Eddie Huang's father, American restaurateur Louis Huang, in ABC's television show ""Fresh Off the Boat"".' , classify the statement: 'The character Louis Huang was played by an actor over 50 years old.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The character Louis Huang was played by an actor over 50 years old.,"{ neutral } The actor was born on March 23, 1974 which makes him less than 50 years old." +" The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia. After Alexander's conquests the region of Bithynia came under the rule of the native king Bas, who defeated Calas, a general of Alexander the Great, and maintained the independence of Bithynia. His son, Zipoetes I of Bithynia maintained this autonomy against Lysimachus and Seleucus I, and assumed the title of king (basileus) in 297 BCE. His son and successor, Nicomedes I, founded Nicomedia, which soon rose to great prosperity, and during his long reign (c. 278 – c. 255 BCE), as well as those of his successors, the kingdom of Bithynia held a considerable place among the minor monarchies of Anatolia. Nicomedes also invited the Celtic Galatians into Anatolia as mercenaries, and they later turned on his son Prusias I, who defeated them in battle. Their last king, Nicomedes IV, was unable to maintain himself against Mithridates VI of Pontus, and, after being restored to his throne by the Roman Senate, he bequeathed his kingdom by will to the Roman republic (74 BCE). When did Zipoetes I assume the role of king? ",When did Zipoetes I assume the role of king?, 297 BCE +"Given the premise: 'Trojan War is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by George Huang. It stars Will Friedle, Jennifer Love Hewitt, and Marley Shelton. The film was a critical and box office disaster. Produced for $15 million, it made only $309 in ticket sales because it was played in a single movie theater and was pulled after only a week.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'A lot of people went to see the film Trojan War during its opening weekended.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",A lot of people went to see the film Trojan War during its opening weekended.,{ neutral } It only made 309 dollars so a lot of people could not have seen it +"Examine the premise: 'The Burial Mound (""Kjæmpehøjen"") was Henrik Ibsen's second play and his first play to be performed. It is a three-act verse drama, written in 1850 when Ibsen was 22 years old. The play was first performed at the Christiania Theater on 26 September 1850, under Ibsen's pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Henrik Ibsen's first two plays consisted of three acts' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Henrik Ibsen's first two plays consisted of three acts,{ entailment } While we are aware that Henrik Ibsen's second play has three acts it does not specify that his first play has three acts as well +" LaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a result, playback would not wear the information-bearing part of the discs, and properly manufactured LDs would theoretically last beyond one's lifetime. By contrast, a VHS tape held all of its picture and sound information on the tape in a magnetic coating which is in contact with the spinning heads on the head drum, causing progressive wear with each use (though later in VHS's lifespan, engineering improvements allowed tapes to be made and played back without contact). Also, the tape was thin and delicate, and it was easy for a player mechanism, especially on a low quality or malfunctioning model, to mishandle the tape and damage it by creasing it, frilling (stretching) its edges, or even breaking it. Where do VHS tapes store their information? ",Where do VHS tapes store their information?, magnetic coating +"Using the premise: 'Westfield Corporation is an Australian-based British-American shopping centre company with retail destinations in England and the United States. It was created in June 2014 when Westfield Group separated its Australian and New Zealand businesses from its international operations.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Westfield Corporation was created in the sixth month of the year 2014.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Westfield Corporation was created in the sixth month of the year 2014.,{ neutral } June is the 6th month of the year. +"From the information in: 'sets out the procedures that will have to be followed by businesses covered under this bill to make sure that the client is fully informed of the nature of the new service, of the date the new service is to begin, of its cost calculated monthly and annually, of the fact that the new service is not mandatory, of the fact that the client may obtain the new service by signing a business reply card, and of any other matter that may be prescribed.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The businesses are not mandated to follow the procedures.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The businesses are not mandated to follow the procedures.,{ neutral } The bill will force the businesses to follow the new procedures. +" Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes. A treaty that puts all of its obligations in action simply by becoming a party to it is known as what? ",A treaty that puts all of its obligations in action simply by becoming a party to it is known as what?, self-executing +"With the given context: 'Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Coco Vandeweghe were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Mattek-Sands played alongside Lucie Šafářová, but lost in the semifinals to Chan Yung-jan and Martina Hingis. Vandeweghe teamed up with Shelby Rogers, but lost in the first round to Andreja Klepač and María José Martínez Sánchez.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Coco Vandeweghe both had only one leg' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Coco Vandeweghe both had only one leg,"{ contradiction } nothing in the statement necessitates that these two people both had two legs, the system assumes that they did" +"Given the premise: 'Grey
I went to the store to buy a new phone. The one I wanted was available. The salesperson showed me three different colors. I had a hard time choosing. I finally decided on the grey model.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The phone was available in blue.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The phone was available in blue.,{ contradiction } It said he showed him three colors and one was grey. There is no way to know whether one of the others was blue or not. It didn't say what the other colors were. +" As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%. What age group has most of the population included? ",What age group has most of the population included?, adults +"From the facts presented in 'Guy Nicholson Turnbow (March 28, 1908 – October 4, 1975) was an American football tackle who played two seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Mississippi and attended Brookhaven High School in Brookhaven, Mississippi.' , decide if the statement: 'Guy Nicholson Turnbow spent most of his time growing up in Mississippi.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Guy Nicholson Turnbow spent most of his time growing up in Mississippi.,"{ entailment } He went to both high school and college iin Mississippi so clearly he has some ties there, but there is no way to say for sure where he grew up prior to high school." +"Given the detailed context: 'The relocation has enabled the company to eliminate the use of cyanide and chrome in its plating work replacing it with a soaplike solution.', judge whether the statement: 'The relocation has enabled the company to eliminate the unuse of cyanide' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The relocation has enabled the company to eliminate the unuse of cyanide,"{ entailment } It has enabled the use of it, not the unuse of it." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Humans have won notable battles in the war against infection - and antibiotics are still powerful weapons - but nature has evolution on its side, and the war against bacterial diseases is by no means over.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Humans have won notable battles in the war against infection - and antibiotics are still powerful weapons. Antibiotics are supposed to help the human body fight germs and bacteria.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Humans have won notable battles in the war against infection - and antibiotics are still powerful weapons. Antibiotics are supposed to help the human body fight germs and bacteria.,{ neutral } Antibiotics are supposed to help the human body fight germs and bacteria. This is true. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Tall Timber Short Lines was a magazine dedicated to logging railroads and short line railroads, and was published by Oso Publications. The magazine is read both by model railroaders and those into logging history and modeling. The magazine ended publication in August 2008.' , determine if the claim: 'Tall Timber Short Lines featured model railroads' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tall Timber Short Lines featured model railroads,{ entailment } We don't know if model railroads were featured in the publication or not. +"Given the premise: 'How to make money easily (for kids )
Host a lemonade stand. Are popular in the summer, and can make you a nice amount of money. Get some friends together and make lemonade to sell in your neighborhood.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Lemonade stands are popular in June, July, and August.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Lemonade stands are popular in June, July, and August.","{ neutral } The context said lemonade stands are popular in the summer and June, July, and August are the summer months." +"Considering the context: 'The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is trying to reassure lawyers for the family of Jean Charles de Menezes that the inquiry is still on track.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Per the lawyers of Jean Charles de Menezes, the inquiry is still on track.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Per the lawyers of Jean Charles de Menezes, the inquiry is still on track.","{ entailment } Not per the lawyers, per the IPCC." +" In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy. Chopin is closely associated with what era? ",Chopin is closely associated with what era?, Romantic era +" Vladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, Vladimir assembled a Viking army and reconquered Novgorod and Kiev from Yaropolk. As Prince of Kiev, Vladimir's most notable achievement was the Christianization of Kievan Rus', a process that began in 988. The Primary Chronicle states that when Vladimir had decided to accept a new faith instead of the traditional idol-worship (paganism) of the Slavs, he sent out some of his most valued advisors and warriors as emissaries to different parts of Europe. They visited the Christians of the Latin Rite, the Jews, and the Muslims before finally arriving in Constantinople. They rejected Islam because, among other things, it prohibited the consumption of alcohol, and Judaism because the god of the Jews had permitted his chosen people to be deprived of their country. They found the ceremonies in the Roman church to be dull. But at Constantinople, they were so astounded by the beauty of the cathedral of Hagia Sophia and the liturgical service held there that they made up their minds there and then about the faith they would like to follow. Upon their arrival home, they convinced Vladimir that the faith of the Byzantine Rite was the best choice of all, upon which Vladimir made a journey to Constantinople and arranged to marry Princess Anna, the sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II. Who did Vladimir marry that was the sister of the Byzantine emperor? ",Who did Vladimir marry that was the sister of the Byzantine emperor?, Princess Anna +"Examine the information in 'The Tito Puente Amphitheatre (or Anfiteatro Tito Puente in Spanish) is a concert amphitheater in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is named after the late mambo musician and percussionist Tito Puente. It was previously named ""Luis Muñoz Marín Amphitheatre"" (or Anfiteatro Luis Muñoz Marín"")' Is the statement: 'Tito Puente is dead.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Tito Puente is dead.,"{ contradiction } It was named after the ""late"" Tito Puente meaning he has died. The system may not be familiar with that phrase as meaning a person has died." +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to buy essential oils
Think about why you want to use an essential oil. Different oils suit different needs so it's important to know what you wish to achieve by using essential oil. For example, lavender can be used in a diffuser to relax and reduce anxiety and sage essential oil can be used as an antiseptic in wounds or as an anti-inflammatory.' , determine if the claim: 'sage essential oil reduces anxiety' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",sage essential oil reduces anxiety,{ neutral } Sage essential oil does not reduce anxiety. Lavender oil does. The system is likely misinterpreting which oil reduces anxiety. +"Examine the premise: 'The Wrath of the Gods is a 1914 American silent drama film directed by Reginald Barker, and starring Sessue Hayakawa, Tsuru Aoki, Frank Borzage, Thomas Kurihara and Henry Kotani in the lead roles. This was the first feature film appearance of Hayakawa and the directorial debut of Barker.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Wrath of the Gods is a 1914 American silent drama film which was the first feature film appearance of Tsuru Aoki.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Wrath of the Gods is a 1914 American silent drama film which was the first feature film appearance of Tsuru Aoki.,"{ entailment } The context does not state whether this film was the first feature film appearance of Tsuru Aoki, as it merely states that he had a lead role. All other information was entirely accurate, which fooled the model." +"Given the detailed context: 'Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, and changed its name to Manchester United in 1902.', judge whether the statement: 'Some called Manchester United by the name Newton Health LYR Football Club after 1902.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Some called Manchester United by the name Newton Health LYR Football Club after 1902.,{ entailment } It is possible that everyone called the team by its new name after the official name change and it is also possible that some people called it by its old name. +" In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. Nevertheless, there are a number of very tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the European Union. How high does the Shard London Bridge rise? ",How high does the Shard London Bridge rise?, 95-storey +"Reflect on the information in: 'Bunny Cupcakes
Cindy was baking cupcakes with bunny faces for an Easter party. But she was not an experienced baker. When her cupcakes came out of the oven, the bunny faces were deformed. And Cindy was too embarrassed to take them to the party. She secretly ate all of the cupcakes on her own.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Cindy knows how to bake.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Cindy knows how to bake.,{ contradiction } She baked cupcakes so she knows how to baked. Just not experienced. +" The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times, becoming a separately paid-for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914. The Times and the TLS have continued to be co-owned, and as of 2012 the TLS is also published by News International and cooperates closely with The Times, with its online version hosted on The Times website, and its editorial offices based in Times House, Pennington Street, London. In 1914, a separately paid-for supplement for The Times was a magazine that featured what kind of content? ","In 1914, a separately paid-for supplement for The Times was a magazine that featured what kind of content?", weekly literature +" Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross. To promote the film, Beyoncé released ""Listen"" as the lead single from the soundtrack album. In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1] Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira ""Beautiful Liar"". The single, ""Listen"" was featured in which movie? ","The single, ""Listen"" was featured in which movie?", Dreamgirls +" Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers. At one point, its product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. These models competed against Macintosh clones, hardware manufactured by third parties that ran Apple's System 7. This succeeded in increasing the Macintosh's market share somewhat, and provided cheaper hardware for consumers, but hurt Apple financially as existing Apple customers began to buy cheaper clones which cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin Macintosh systems, yet Apple still shouldered the burden of developing the Mac OS platform. Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially? ",Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially?, Apple +" Napoleon maintained strict, efficient work habits, prioritizing what needed to be done. He cheated at cards, but repaid the losses; he had to win at everything he attempted. He kept relays of staff and secretaries at work. Unlike many generals, Napoleon did not examine history to ask what Hannibal or Alexander or anyone else did in a similar situation. Critics said he won many battles simply because of luck; Napoleon responded, ""Give me lucky generals,"" aware that ""luck"" comes to leaders who recognize opportunity, and seize it. Dwyer argues that Napoleon's victories at Austerlitz and Jena in 1805-06 heightened his sense of self-grandiosity, leaving him even more certain of his destiny and invincibility. By the Russian campaign in 1812, however, Napoleon seems to have lost his verve. With crisis after crisis at hand, he rarely rose to the occasion. Some historians have suggested a physical deterioration, but others note that an impaired Napoleon was still a brilliant general. Who argues that Napoleon's triumphs at Austerlitz and Jena increased his self-grandiosity? ",Who argues that Napoleon's triumphs at Austerlitz and Jena increased his self-grandiosity?, Dwyer +"Given the context: 'John Gilbert (born John Cecil Pringle; July 10, 1899 – January 9, 1936) was an American actor, screenwriter and director. He rose to fame during the silent film era and became a popular leading man known as ""The Great Lover"". At the height of his career, Gilbert rivaled Rudolph Valentino, another silent film era leading man, as a box office draw.' , classify the statement: 'John Gilbert is not his birth name.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",John Gilbert is not his birth name.,{ contradiction } John Gilbert's birth name is John Cecil Pringle. +" After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, between 200,000 and 1,000,000 Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. In 1962 China and India fought a brief war over the disputed South Tibet and Aksai Chin regions. Although China won the war, Chinese troops withdrew north of the McMahon Line, effectively ceding South Tibet to India. How many Tibetans died during the Great Leap Forward? ",How many Tibetans died during the Great Leap Forward?," between 200,000 and 1,000,000 " +" Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries. What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale? ",What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?, fermented malt +"From the information in: 'China Kong (born 1960) is an American actor, writer, and producer. She is the widow of director Donald Cammell, having met him when she was 14 years of age and he was 40 years of age in 1974. After having an affair, the two would wed 4 years later in 1978.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Donald Cammell passed away.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Donald Cammell passed away.,"{ neutral } She is the widow of director Donald Cammell, so he passed away at some point. The model may not know what a widow is or what it means to pass away." +"Given the context: 'Nieznamierowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusinów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 4 km north of Rusinów, 12 km north of Przysucha, and 89 km south of Warsaw. The village has an approximate population of 640, and used to be a town from the late 15th century to 1720.' , classify the statement: 'Nieznamierowice is 89 km south of Przysucha.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Nieznamierowice is 89 km south of Przysucha.,"{ entailment } According to the context, Nieznamierowice is 89km south of Warsaw and 12 km north of Przysucha." +"Analyze the premise: 'The Joan Ganz Cooney Center (informally, the Cooney Center) is an independent, non-profit, non-partisan research and innovation group founded by Sesame Workshop in order to advance children’s literacy skills and foster innovation in children’s learning through digital media.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The Joan Ganz Cooney Center does not focus any of its efforts on older people' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Joan Ganz Cooney Center does not focus any of its efforts on older people,"{ neutral } The center focuses its attention on children, not older people so my statement was correct" +" The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research. What year was the University of Southampton founded? ",What year was the University of Southampton founded?, 1862 +" Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it ""inventive, intelligent and complex"", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as ""a swaggering show of confidence'"", lauding it as ""a feat of pure cinematic necromancy."" In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre ""solid if unspectacular"", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that ""the film falls frustratingly short of greatness."" A writer for which publication rated the film 7.2/10? ",A writer for which publication rated the film 7.2/10?, IGN +" Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Channel convoys, ports, and RAF airfields and supporting industries. Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area. It was supposed that Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and the Royal Navy could not operate under conditions of German air superiority. Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command? ",Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?, to gain air superiority +" Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia. What sport do the Washington Redskins play? ",What sport do the Washington Redskins play?, Football +"Consider the premise in: 'WKKF ""(102.3 FM)"" - branded as Kiss 102.3 - is a Top 40 (CHR) station licensed to Ballston Spa, New York and serving the Capital District and Adirondacks. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts at 102.3 FM at 4,100 watts ERP from a transmitter in Clifton Park, New York on a tower shared with WDCD-FM and WTMM-FM.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'WKKF broadcasts at 4.1KW' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",WKKF broadcasts at 4.1KW,{ contradiction } 4.1KW is the same as 4100watts which is what WKKF is broadcast at. This fools the system as it doesn't know to convert the units +" The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the natural wealth of Florida were published in England. A large number of British colonists who were ""energetic and of good character"" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida ",What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida , British East Florida and British West Florida +" Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union. Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? ","Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? ", a division of sovereignty between two levels of government +"Reflect on the information in: 'O lieb, so lang du lieben kannst is a poem written by Ferdinand Freiligrath, a 19th-century German writer. In 1847, Hungarian composer Franz Liszt set the poem to music (soprano voice and piano), and eventually adapted it into his famous Liebesträume No. 3. The work is one of Liszt's most famous and poignant. ""Liebesträume"" in German means ""Dreams of Love"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Franz Liszt is from Hungary, while Ferdinand Freiligrath is from Germany. ' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Franz Liszt is from Hungary, while Ferdinand Freiligrath is from Germany. ","{ neutral } Ferdinand Freiligrath is stated as being a German writer and Franz Liszt is stated as being a Hungarian composer. These terms refer to the countries of Germany and Hungary, respectively - therefore, there is no possible way I'm incorrect, because if they originated from elsewhere they would be referred to as such. I think it was difficult for the system because it either doesn't know Germans are from Germany, or it struggles with connecting places/people when multiple entities are mentioned within the same sentence." +" Charles VII of France ordered his chamberlain to climb Mont Aiguille in 1356. The knight reached the summit of Rocciamelone where he left a bronze triptych of three crosses, a feat which he conducted with the use of ladders to traverse the ice. In 1492 Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille, without reaching the summit, an experience he described as ""horrifying and terrifying."" Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by variations of light in the higher altitudes, and climbed a mountain—scholars are uncertain which one; some believe it may have been Monte Rosa. From his description of a ""blue like that of a gentian"" sky it is thought that he reached a significantly high altitude. In the 18th century four Chamonix man almost made the summit of Mont Blanc but were overcome by altitude sickness and snowblindness. What did the knight leave at the summit of Rocciamelone? ",What did the knight leave at the summit of Rocciamelone?, a bronze triptych of three crosses +" On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released ""Glory"", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé suffered before becoming pregnant with Blue Ivy. Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as ""B.I.C."" on it. At two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when ""Glory"" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. What is included at the end of Glory? ",What is included at the end of Glory?, Blue Ivy's cries +"Analyze the premise: 'Stabat Mater in F minor, D 383, is a musical setting of the ""Stabat Mater"" sequence, composed by Franz Schubert in 1816. It is scored for soprano, tenor and bass soloists, SATB choir, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 2 french horns, 3 trombones, violin I and II, viola, cello and double bass.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Franz Schubert could play the violin' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Franz Schubert could play the violin,"{ entailment } The context only states that the composition consists of a violin, it doesn't say that Franz Schubert could play a violin. He may have got someone else to play it for him. The system likely assumed because the piece contains a violin, Franz Schubert must be able to play it. " +"With the premise: 'Connacht Rugby (Irish: ""Rugbaí Connachta"" ) is one of the four professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. Connacht competes in the Pro14 and the European Rugby Challenge Cup. The team represents the IRFU Connacht Branch, which is one of four primary branches of the IRFU, and is responsible for rugby union throughout the geographical Irish province of Connacht.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Connacht often competes in continental europe' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Connacht often competes in continental europe,{ entailment } Connacht often competes in Eastern Europe +"Using the premise: 'Nonnie Griffin was born in 1933 in Canada. She studied at the Toronto Conservatory in her native land, the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London, and even with famed mime artist Marcel Marceau. Her stage work includes playing Mrs. Rafi in the original Toronto production of ""The Sea"" and a 10-month run as the title character in ""Hello, Dolly!"" at the Limelight Dinner Theatre in Toronto in 1990.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Nonnie Griffin played a character named Dolly in a production.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Nonnie Griffin played a character named Dolly in a production.,"{ contradiction } The statement is in the correct category because the excerpt says that Griffin played the -title- character in ""Hello, Dolly!"", which would have been Dolly. The system may have had difficulty because the excerpt doesn't directly state that Dolly was a character." +" On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, ""I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."" Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor? ",Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?, John XXIII +"Considering the context: 'SNOBOL (""StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language"") is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4. It was one of a number of text-string-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included COMIT and TRAC.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The first programming language was developed in 1950' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The first programming language was developed in 1950,{ contradiction } Does not give information about when it began +"Examine the information in 'Auto-Tune The Clues Enlarge this image toggle caption Mike Katzif/NPR Mike Katzif/NPR Ophira joins the likes of Daft Punk, T-Pain, and Rihanna in an Auto-Tuned trivia game that will definitely be a top hit at the club next week. Heard on Ed Helms: Tag Me In.' Is the statement: 'The game is a videogame' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The game is a videogame,{ contradiction } not clear the type of game +" The analog information encoded on LaserDiscs does not include any form of built-in checksum or error correction. Because of this, slight dust and scratches on the disc surface can result in read-errors which cause various video quality problems: glitches, streaks, bursts of static, or momentary picture interruptions. In contrast, the digital MPEG-2 format information used on DVDs has built-in error correction which ensures that the signal from a damaged disc will remain identical to that from a perfect disc right up until the point at which damage to the disc surface is so substantial that it prevents the laser from being able to identify usable data. What type of encoding, analog or digital, causes LaserDiscs to be succeptable to damages? ","What type of encoding, analog or digital, causes LaserDiscs to be succeptable to damages?", analog +" Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live. Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Krajišnici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, Šumadinci in central Serbia, Vojvođani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Bačvani in northwest Vojvodina, Banaćani in Banat, Sandžaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc. Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who? ",Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?, the Grenzers +"With the premise: 'Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg were the defending champions. Annacone competed alongside Kelly Evernden but lost in the semifinals, while van Rensburg played with Kevin Curren and lost in the quarterfinals.
Darren Cahill and Mark Kratzmann won the title, defeating Udo Riglewski and Michael Stich 7–5, 6–2, in the final.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Annacone and Rensburg beat another team the previous year.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Annacone and Rensburg beat another team the previous year.,{ neutral } If they were they champions the year before they must have beaten another team. +" Time travel is the concept of moving backwards or forwards to different points in time, in a manner analogous to moving through space, and different from the normal ""flow"" of time to an earthbound observer. In this view, all points in time (including future times) ""persist"" in some way. Time travel has been a plot device in fiction since the 19th century. Traveling backwards in time has never been verified, presents many theoretic problems, and may be an impossibility. Any technological device, whether fictional or hypothetical, that is used to achieve time travel is known as a time machine. A time machine is known as any technological devise that is used for what purpose? ",A time machine is known as any technological devise that is used for what purpose?, to achieve time travel +"With the given context: 'How to choose a kitty litter
Go for traditional clay-based litter. Traditionally, cat litter is clay-based. Clay is one of the most popular kinds of litter on the market and is a simple choice that works for most cats.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Cat litter can be made from anything.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Cat litter can be made from anything.,{ contradiction } The text does not specify all the materials that can be used to make cat litter. It just says it is traditionally made with clay. I don't know why this confused the system. +" Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscles, the pectoralis (which accounts for 15% of the total mass of the bird) and the supracoracoideus, as well as a modified forelimb (wing) that serves as an aerofoil. Wing shape and size generally determine a bird species' type of flight; many birds combine powered, flapping flight with less energy-intensive soaring flight. About 60 extant bird species are flightless, as were many extinct birds. Flightlessness often arises in birds on isolated islands, probably due to limited resources and the absence of land predators. Though flightless, penguins use similar musculature and movements to ""fly"" through the water, as do auks, shearwaters and dippers. What distinguishes birds from almost all other vertebrate classes? ",What distinguishes birds from almost all other vertebrate classes?," Most birds can fly, " +" The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification. What used to be the main party district of Mexico City? ",What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?, Zona Rosa +" Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015. How many public parks did Penn plan? ",How many public parks did Penn plan?, five +" On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained. In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors? ",In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?, 1967 +"Examine the premise: 'Jeffrey Steven Pilson (born January 19, 1959, Lake Forest, Illinois) is an American multi-instrumentalist best known for his long stint in the band Dokken. He was also a member of Dio for part of the 1990s and has been the bassist for Foreigner since 2004. Although he is known primarily for his work as a bassist, Pilson also plays guitar, cello, keyboards, piano, and mellotron.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Pilson played the guitar for Foreigner' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Pilson played the guitar for Foreigner,{ entailment } he was the bassist for Foreigner. +" Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft. On August 12, 2003, ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware. This was because the system's PowerPC 970 processor running the same PowerPC architecture that the Xbox 360 would eventually run under IBM's Xenon processor. The cores of the Xenon processor were developed using a slightly modified version of the PlayStation 3's Cell Processor PPE architecture. According to David Shippy and Mickie Phipps, the IBM employees were ""hiding"" their work from Sony and Toshiba, IBM's partners in developing the Cell Processor. Jeff Minter created the music visualization program Neon which is included with the Xbox 360. What Microsoft executive was in charge of 360 development? ",What Microsoft executive was in charge of 360 development?, J Allard +"From the facts presented in 'How to prove similar triangles
Define the angle-angle (aa) theorem. Two triangles can be proved similar by the angle-angle theorem which states: if two triangles have two congruent angles, then those triangles are similar. [substeps] This theorem is also called the angle-angle-angle (aaa) theorem because if two angles of the triangle are congruent, the third angle must also be congruent.' , decide if the statement: 'It is not possible to concretely prove similar triangles without substantial error' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",It is not possible to concretely prove similar triangles without substantial error,{ neutral } system seems to have been confused by sentence cadence +" The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries. What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences? ",What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences?, civil unrest +"Analyze the premise: 'How to cook artichokes
Select artichokes that are weighty for their size, have very closed leaves and are a deep green color. If the leaves are open, the artichoke may not be as fresh. Buy artichokes throughout the spring for the freshest crop.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The food isn't delicious.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The food isn't delicious.,{ contradiction } It is not known what the taste is like. +" 40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue? ",There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?, West 132nd Street +" Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft. What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally? ",What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?, Kindley Air Force Base +"Analyze the premise: 'The NBA Finals is the championship series of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The entrants are determined by the victors of the Eastern and Western conferences, who engage in a best-of-seven game series to determine the league champion. The winners of the Finals are awarded the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy, which replaced the Walter A. Brown Trophy in 1983.' . Classify the hypothesis: '2 western conference teams cannot play in the nba finals' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",2 western conference teams cannot play in the nba finals,{ neutral } The NBA Finals is a Western conference vs an eastern conference team +"Consider the premise in: 'The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and electronic technicians to create electronic schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Proteus Design Suite is also used by people other than engineers' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Proteus Design Suite is also used by people other than engineers,{ neutral } The Proteus Design Suite is used by people who have degrees in engineering. +"Examine the information in 'Arenda Troutman (born 1957) was the Democratic alderman of the 20th Ward in Chicago. She was appointed to her position by Mayor Richard M. Daley in 1990, to fill a vacancy after the death of Alderman Ernest Jones. Troutman was the 16th woman to serve as a Chicago alderman. Despite her arrest and indictment on bribery charges, Troutman ran for alderman in 2007; she lost.' Is the statement: '25 year old Arenda Troutman ran for alderman in 2007.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",25 year old Arenda Troutman ran for alderman in 2007.,{ neutral } Troutman was born in 1957 and ran for alderman in 2007 making her 50 years old. The machine failed to correlate the dates to determine if the age statement was correct. +" Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the ""Cruise Capital of the World"", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines. Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first? ","Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?", passenger +" In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain. Now at peace with its main rival, English attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade. This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the ""First British Empire"". What period ended towards the end of the 18th century? ",What period ended towards the end of the 18th century?," the ""First British Empire"" " +" The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother, traditionally known by the names of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. In 1677, the Holy See condemned the belief that Mary was virginally conceived, which had been a belief surfacing occasionally since the 4th century. The Church celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception (when Mary was conceived free from original sin) on 8 December, exactly nine months before celebrating the Nativity of Mary. The feast of the Annunciation (which commemorates the virginal conception and the Incarnation of Jesus) is celebrated on 25 March, nine months before Christmas Day. When did these contradictory views start to emerge ? ",When did these contradictory views start to emerge ?, since the 4th century +"Given the detailed context: 'Roc-A-Fella Records Presents Teairra Marí is the debut album by recording artist Teairra Marí. It was released on August 2, 2005, by Roc-A-Fella Records. The album debuted in the top five selling 69,000 copies in the first week, eventually selling 248,000 units.', judge whether the statement: 'Teairra Marí signed with Roc-A-Fella Records before August 2, 2005' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Teairra Marí signed with Roc-A-Fella Records before August 2, 2005",{ neutral } My statement is definitely correct because an artist would have had to sign with a record company before the debut day - they need time to produce the album. This may have been hard for the system because of the phrasing of the statement - it sounds somewhat confusing. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Bazinama is the first video game magazine in Iran which has been published since 2002 with the efforts of a group of young people who were interested in this new industry. At that time the brand of Bazinama just represented itself as a video game magazine, but today Bazinama works on other aspects of gaming industry such as its popular video game portal and development of some casual games.' , determine if the claim: 'Bazinama is published in Arabic.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bazinama is published in Arabic.,"{ contradiction } We know the magazine is published in iran, but we do not know if it is published in arabic or not. I think the system had a hard time inferring languages." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Mustapha Haida (born 12 October 1988) is a Moroccan Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the middleweight and welterweight divisions. He fought for GLORY, SUPERKOMBAT, Kunlun Fight and Bellator Kickboxing. Haida holds notable wins over fighters like Andy Souwer, Enriko Kehl, Dzianis Zuev or Abdallah Mabel.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Mustapha Haida was born in the last quarter of a year' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Mustapha Haida was born in the last quarter of a year,"{ neutral } He was born in october, used my own words" +" Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi (""gods below""), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as ""the living cannot share a meal with the dead"". Ceres and other underworld goddesses of fruitfulness were sometimes offered pregnant female animals; Tellus was given a pregnant cow at the Fordicidia festival. Color had a general symbolic value for sacrifices. Demigods and heroes, who belonged to the heavens and the underworld, were sometimes given black-and-white victims. Robigo (or Robigus) was given red dogs and libations of red wine at the Robigalia for the protection of crops from blight and red mildew. What daylight event was not celebrated after the dark sacrifice? ",What daylight event was not celebrated after the dark sacrifice?, shared banquet +" The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006. When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store? ",When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?," September 12, 2006 " +" Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950. What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season? ",What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?," 13,001,616 " +"Analyze the premise: 'Emma Catherine Rigby (born 26 September 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Hannah Ashworth in long-running soap opera ""Hollyoaks"", Gemma Roscoe in BBC One drama series ""Prisoners' Wives"" and as the Red Queen in American fantasy-drama ""Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.""' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Emma Catherine Rigby was born on the 24th of September' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Emma Catherine Rigby was born on the 24th of September,{ neutral } It is stated that Emma Catherine Rigby was born on the 26th of September and I stated Emma Catherine Rigby was born on the 24th. I think this was difficult for the system because the text was so similar +"With the given context: 'The 1980 British Grand Prix (formally the XXXIII Marlboro British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 13 July 1980. It was the eighth round of the 1980 Formula One season. The race was held over 76 laps of the 4.207-km (2.614-mile) circuit for a total race distance of 319.73 km (198.67 miles).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The 1980 British Grand Prix took place in the second quarter of the year' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The 1980 British Grand Prix took place in the second quarter of the year,{ entailment } It is incorrect because July is in the third quarter of the year. The system doesn't have this logic built +" In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that ""a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species"" and that ""species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties"". He argues for the ubiquity of variation in nature. Historians have noted that naturalists had long been aware that the individuals of a species differed from one another, but had generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species, that archetype being a fixed ideal in the mind of God. Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world. What did historians say that naturalists generally thought about the differences in variations in a species? ",What did historians say that naturalists generally thought about the differences in variations in a species?, generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species +"From the facts presented in 'Jia Zhangke (born 24 May 1970) is a Chinese film director and screenwriter. He is generally regarded as a leading figure of the ""Sixth Generation"" movement of Chinese cinema, a group that also includes such figures as Wang Xiaoshuai, Lou Ye, Wang Quan'an and Zhang Yuan.' , decide if the statement: 'Jia Zhangke turned 10 years old in 1980.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Jia Zhangke turned 10 years old in 1980.,"{ contradiction } Jia was born in 1970, so he definitely turned 10 in 1980. I think the system is bad at calendar math." +"From the facts presented in 'Restaurant Nathan Outlaw is a two Michelin star restaurant owned and operated by Nathan Outlaw. It has previously been located in Marina Villa Hotel in Fowey, Cornwall, and in the St Enodoc Hotel in Rock, Cornwall. It has received mostly positive reviews from food critics. In March 2015 the restaurant relocated to Port Isaac, Cornwall and retained its two Michelin stars upon review.' , decide if the statement: 'Restaurant Nathan Outlaw was located in Port Isaac in July 2015.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Restaurant Nathan Outlaw was located in Port Isaac in July 2015.,"{ contradiction } The article states the restaurant moved in march 2015, so it makes sense that if they moved to the new place in march, they would still be at the new place in july since the paragraph didnt say they moved again. I think the system has a hard time understanding timelines." +" + Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame. Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg? ",Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg?, Victory Square +"Using the premise: 'The Vorontsov Lighthouse (Ukrainian: Воронцовський маяк , Russian: Воронцовский маяк ) is a famous red-and-white, 27.2 metre landmark in the Black Sea port of Odessa, Ukraine. It is named after Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, one of the governors-general of the Odessa region.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov was around 1.92 meters tall.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov was around 1.92 meters tall.,{ entailment } His height is never mentioned in the text. It's difficult because the text does contain a measurement in meters so this seems to easily confuse the system when another measurement is mentioned in the statement. +"Given the premise: 'Stains
I tried not to do anything to mess up the new carpet. I was very careful while I cleaned the house. Just as I turned from picking up a can, my dog ran into me. The can flew out of my hand and hit the carpet. There was now a huge soda stain that I couldn't get out.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The stain ruined the new carpet' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The stain ruined the new carpet,"{ neutral } The narrator was unable to get the stain out, which means the carpet was ruined!" +" The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these ""board-only"" organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fellow directors nominations. Part VI, section A, question 7a of the Form 990 asks ""members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body?"". Who is in control of the organization? ",Who is in control of the organization?, board of directors +" +The method of self-exertion or ""self-power""—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific ""other-power"" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name. What is characterized by the deep truts in the ""other-power"" of Amitabha Buddha ","What is characterized by the deep truts in the ""other-power"" of Amitabha Buddha", Pure Land +"From the information in: '""Standing Next to Me"" is the second single released by The Last Shadow Puppets. It was released on 7 July 2008 in the United Kingdom on Domino Records. The song is the excerpted from the band's debut album ""The Age of the Understatement"". The song entered the UK Top 40 at #30 on 13 July 2008.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The Last Shadow Puppets release four singles in the year 2009.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Last Shadow Puppets release four singles in the year 2009.,{ contradiction } We don't know how many singles were released. +"Considering the context: 'Raúl Alberto Osella (born 8 June 1984 in Morteros) is an Argentine association footballer who currently plays for FC Locarno in Swiss Challenge League. He played FIFA U-17 World Cup Final for Argentina national team 2001. He played for Boca Juniors and Tiro Federal in Argentina.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Raúl Alberto Osella played FIFA U-17 World Cup Final for Argentina national team 2002. He played for Boca Juniors and Tiro Federal in Argentina.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Raúl Alberto Osella played FIFA U-17 World Cup Final for Argentina national team 2002. He played for Boca Juniors and Tiro Federal in Argentina.,{ neutral } It was in 2001 not 2002 +" The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma–Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region. When did the Tacoma-Seattle rail service end? ",When did the Tacoma-Seattle rail service end?, 1929 +"Examine the information in 'MINEOLA – An investigation is underway into a fatal fire in Mineola. Fire Marshall David Madsen said it was reported around 11:00 Monday night at the Mineola Motor Lodge on West Broad Street. Initial reports are a Hispanic male was killed and his body has been sent to a Tyler lab for autopsy. His identity has not been released at this time. The cause of the fire has not yet been determined.' Is the statement: 'A recent investigation is underway into a fatal fire in Mineola' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A recent investigation is underway into a fatal fire in Mineola,{ entailment } don't know the timing of it +"Reflect on the information in: 'The 1968 Senior League World Series took place from August 13–18 in Gary, Indiana, United States. New Hyde Park, New York defeated West Tampa, Florida in the championship game. It was the third straight title for New York. This was the first SLWS held in Gary.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The 1968 Senior League World Series was held in New Hyde Park, New York.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","The 1968 Senior League World Series was held in New Hyde Park, New York.","{ entailment } New Hyde Park was one of the teams in the series, but the event was actually held in Gary Indiana." +"From the information in: 'Frederic Austin (30 March 187210 April 1952) was an English baritone singer, a musical teacher and composer in the period 1905–30. He is best remembered for his restoration and production of ""The Beggar's Opera"" by John Gay and Johann Christoph Pepusch, and its sequel, ""Polly"", in 1920–23. Austin was the older brother of the composer Ernest Austin (1874–1947).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Frederic Austin played the guitar very well.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Frederic Austin played the guitar very well.,"{ contradiction } Though it says Frederic Austin was a music teacher, it does not say what instruments he played specifically. I think this fooled the system." +"Given the detailed context: '""Be Right Back"" is the first episode of the second series of British science fiction anthology series ""Black Mirror"". It was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker, directed by Owen Harris and first aired on Channel 4 on 11 February 2013.', judge whether the statement: '""Black Mirror"" was directed by Olin Harris and aired on BBC channel 4.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Black Mirror"" was directed by Olin Harris and aired on BBC channel 4.","{ entailment } The show was directed by Owen Harris, I just misspelled his first name." +" Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends. What is the largest room in the palace? ",What is the largest room in the palace?, Ballroom +"Given the context: 'Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,951,269, with an estimated population of 2,114,801 in 2015. It is by far the most populous county in Nevada, accounting more than two-thirds of its residents. Las Vegas, Nevada's most populous city, has been the county seat since the county was established.' , classify the statement: 'Clark county is in Nevada and has a population of 1,951,269 in 2015.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Clark county is in Nevada and has a population of 1,951,269 in 2015.","{ entailment } the population was 1,951,269, with an estimated population of 2,114,801 in 2015." +"Given the context: 'How to make a puberty kit for your daughter
Get a large box. The idea of the home kit is that it will contain a wide variety of items relevant to your daughter's puberty experience. Because of that, the kit is going to be substantially larger than the on-the-go kit, which focuses mostly on her period.' , classify the statement: 'You don't really need a large box for a puberty kit.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",You don't really need a large box for a puberty kit.,{ contradiction } You could probably fit most things in a smaller box. This is a subjective assertion that the sytem probably has trouble with +"Examine the premise: 'The Reader's Digest Select Editions are a series of hardcover fiction anthology books, published bi-monthly and available by subscription, from ""Reader's Digest"". Each volume consists of four or five current bestselling novels selected by ""Digest"" editors and abridged (or ""condensed"") to shorter form to accommodate the anthology format.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Reader's Digests is published monthly.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Reader's Digests is published monthly.,{ entailment } It is published bi-monthly. +" At age eight, Beyoncé and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records. Who placed Girl's Tyme in Star Search? ",Who placed Girl's Tyme in Star Search?, Arne Frager +" Comcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the channel is also available in New York, Pittsburgh, and Richmond. In August 2004, Comcast started a channel called Comcast Entertainment Television, for Colorado Comcast subscribers, and focusing on life in Colorado. It also carries some National Hockey League and National Basketball Association games when Altitude Sports & Entertainment is carrying the NHL or NBA. In January 2006, CET became the primary channel for Colorado's Emergency Alert System in the Denver Metro Area. In 2006, Comcast helped found the channel SportsNet New York, acquiring a minority stake. The other partners in the project were New York Mets and Time Warner Cable. What baseball team was Comcast's partner in their New York sports network? ",What baseball team was Comcast's partner in their New York sports network?, New York Mets +"With the given context: 'How to design a habitat for a ladybird
Poke holes in an empty plastic box. Choose a box that is a least 6 inches on each side, with a lid that seals. [substeps] You can find large plastic food storage containers at a thrift store or dollar store.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'making a habitat for a ladybird doesn't require much money.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",making a habitat for a ladybird doesn't require much money.,{ neutral } The statement says you can get materials from a thrift store or dollar store. This means you don't have to spend a lot to make this project. +" Planning and Directing is ""the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies"" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers. What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? ",What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? , Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations +"Using the premise: 'Finniss is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia. It is named after B. T. Finniss, the first Premier of South Australia. It covers a 5,875 km² regional area which includes Kangaroo Island, the Fleurieu Peninsula, and the towns of Kingscote, Middleton, Mount Compass, Penneshaw, Port Elliot, Sellicks Beach, Victor Harbor and Yankalilla.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Fleurieu in South Australia is a piece of land that is mostly surrouded by water.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Fleurieu in South Australia is a piece of land that is mostly surrouded by water.,{ neutral } the Fleurieu Peninsula is located in South Australia and the definition of a peninsula is a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water. +" Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label ""Sovdepia"" for the nascent state of the ""Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies"". Who led the group which created the Soviet state? ",Who led the group which created the Soviet state?, Vladimir Lenin +" In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands. By the end of his historic month, the outfielder's 33 home runs tied him with Ken Griffey, Jr. and left him only four behind McGwire's 37. Sosa finished with 66 and won the NL MVP Award. Who was in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? ",Who was in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?, Sammy Sosa +"Given the detailed context: 'SuperpinkyMandy is the debut studio album of British singer Beth Orton. Largely in the style of electronica, and produced closely with then boyfriend William Orbit, it was a limited Japan-only release, with about 5000 copies pressed. As such, it is very much sought after. Orton largely passes over the release when interviewed, citing 1996's ""Trailer Park"" as her first release.', judge whether the statement: 'trailer park was japan only release' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",trailer park was japan only release,{ neutral } SuperpinkyMandy was japan only released +" The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion. In this spirit, a provincial Roman citizen who made the long journey from Bordeaux to Italy to consult the Sibyl at Tibur did not neglect his devotion to his own goddess from home: What were the characteristics of state religious observances? ",What were the characteristics of state religious observances?," impressive, costly, and centralised " +" During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms or even states, states evolved in Eurasia only with the rise of metallurgy, and most Neolithic societies on the whole were relatively simple and egalitarian. Beyond Eurasia, however, states were formed during the local Neolithic in three areas, namely in the Preceramic Andes with the Norte Chico Civilization, Formative Mesoamerica and Ancient Hawaiʻi. However, most Neolithic societies were noticeably more hierarchical than the Paleolithic cultures that preceded them and hunter-gatherer cultures in general. What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies? ",What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies?, Paleolithic cultures +" In the United States, non-Caucasian LGBT individuals may find themselves in a double minority, where they are neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group. Many people experience racism in the dominant LGBT community where racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes, such that Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine, while African-American LGBTs are viewed as more masculine and aggressive. There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States. For example, ""Ô-Môi"" for Vietnamese American queer females. Who is finding themselves in a double minority in the US? ",Who is finding themselves in a double minority in the US?, non-Caucasian LGBT +"Given the context: 'It's a Dying World is a Contemporary Christian Music album by Steve Camp and was released by Myrrh Records in 1984. This was Camp's final album for Myrrh Records, but was not released until after Camp released ""Fire and Ice"" with Sparrow in late 1983.' , classify the statement: 'Dying World was out in 1983' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Dying World was out in 1983,{ entailment } The system was confused +" Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain. How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain? ",How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?," an estimated 683,000 " +"Analyze the premise: 'Jaryd Lazar (born April 23, 1987), more commonly known by his online alias, summit1g, is an American Twitch.tv streamer and professional """" (abbreviated ""CS:GO"") player who played for A51 and Team Mythic. Lazar switched to streaming ""PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds"" after the game's pre-release in March 2017. He regularly streams a variety of games, including ""GTA V"" and ""DayZ"".' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Jaryd Lazar has a gamertag.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jaryd Lazar has a gamertag.,{ neutral } Online alias is another way of saying gamertag. +" The language of the Quran has been described as ""rhymed prose"" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in Sura 81, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository. What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses? ",What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?, subject of discussion +"With the given context: 'Grongar Hill is located in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire and was the subject of a loco-descriptive poem by John Dyer. Published in two versions in 1726, during the Augustan period, its celebration of the individual experience of the landscape makes it a precursor of Romanticism. As a prospect poem, it has been the subject of continuing debate over how far it meets artistic canons.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'John Dyer was born in Grongar Hill.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",John Dyer was born in Grongar Hill.,{ contradiction } The text states it was the subject of the poem but doesn't say why the author chose that place as a subject. +" Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/. What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become? ",What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become?, ⟨ф⟩ +" Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821. Shortly after gaining independence, the day to celebrate it varied between September 16, the day of Hidalgo's Grito, and September 27, the day Iturbide rode into Mexico City to end the war. Later, political movements would favor the more liberal Hidalgo over the conservative Iturbide, so that eventually September 16, 1810 became the officially recognized day of Mexican independence. The reason for this is that Hidalgo is considered to be ""precursor and creator of the rest of the heroes of the (Mexican War of) Independence."" Hidalgo has become an icon for Mexicans who resist tyranny in the country. Diego Rivera painted Hidalgo's image in half a dozen murals. José Clemente Orozco depicted him with a flaming torch of liberty and considered the painting among his best work. David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned by San Nicolas University in Morelia to paint a mural for a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of Hidalgo's birth. The town of his parish was renamed Dolores Hidalgo in his honor and the state of Hidalgo was created in 1869. Every year on the night of 15–16 September, the president of Mexico re-enacts the Grito from the balcony of the National Palace. This scene is repeated by the heads of cities and towns all over Mexico. The remains of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lie in the column of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City. Next to it is a lamp lit to represent the sacrifice of those who gave their lives for Mexican Independence. Which day eventually became the official day of Mexican Independence? ",Which day eventually became the official day of Mexican Independence?," September 16, 1810 " +" Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format. What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio? ",What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio?, disco + Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka? ,What architectural writing came from Sri Lanka?, Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra +"Given the context: 'Alan Mulally, Boeing's head of the unit, said at the start of the strike that it may cause delivery delays that would give Airbus SAS an advantage in what is the strongest commercial aircraft market in five years.' , classify the statement: 'The strike will cause a delay in the timing of deliveries' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The strike will cause a delay in the timing of deliveries,"{ entailment } This is neither true nor false. It says it MAY cause delay, but we don't know for sure" +"From the facts presented in 'Marie Hedwig Auguste of Sulzbach (German: ""Marie Hedwig Auguste von Sulzbach"" ; born: 15 April 1650 in Sulzbach; died: 23 November 1681 in Hamburg) was a Countess Palatine of Sulzbach by birth and by marriage, Archduchess of Austria and by her second marriage, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg.' , decide if the statement: 'Marie Hedwig Auguste was born in winter.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Marie Hedwig Auguste was born in winter.,{ neutral } She was born in April which is Spring. +"Examine the premise: 'Candy
When I was bad my mother refused to feed me. My brother and his friends noticed when it had been a long time. They sneaked candy from the junk drawer into my room at night. I started seeing candy as happiness and love. I began eating candy all the time.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The brother and his friends were female.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The brother and his friends were female.,"{ neutral } Reason: A brother is male. Why: Not sure, actually. Maybe because it was counting the group on whole and couldn't determine gender." +"Using the premise: 'He remained sitting on the floor and held his breath , wondering how she knew that he had come back .
If she said ` Peter ' again , he meant to cry ` Mother ' and run to her .
But she spoke no more , she made little moans only , and when he next peeped at her she was once more asleep , with tears on her face .
It made Peter very miserable , and what do you think was the first thing he did ?
Sitting on the rail at the foot of the bed , he played a beautiful lullaby to his mother on his pipe .' , decide if the conclusion: 'The woman will die within the next hour.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The woman will die within the next hour.,"{ contradiction } The woman may or may not die within the next hour, so the statement fits the parameters. It could be fooled maybe because it doesn't necessarily associate the references to ""she"" and ""mother"" to ""woman"", which doesn't appear in the text?" +"Examine the premise: 'James Risen (born April 27, 1955) is an American journalist for ""The New York Times"" who previously worked for the ""Los Angeles Times"". He has written or co-written many articles concerning U.S. government activities and is the author or co-author of two books about the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and a book about the American public debate about abortion. Risen is a Pulitzer Prize winner.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'James Risen won a Pulitzer Prize for his work with The New York Times' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",James Risen won a Pulitzer Prize for his work with The New York Times,{ entailment } It is not stated when Risen won the prize or what for. I think the system got it wrong because I combined multiple phrases from the context +" Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population. The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska today is usually 30–60¢ higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors. What does Alaska's economy heavily rely on? ",What does Alaska's economy heavily rely on?, diesel fuel +"Reflect on the information in: 'Video games
Andrew knew his son loved video games. So for his son's birthday he bought him video games. It was delivered to his house. So Andrew wrapped it. Then gave it to his son.' . Does the hypothesis: 'They went to an arcade for his son's birthday.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",They went to an arcade for his son's birthday.,{ neutral } The son was gifted video games. They did not go to an arcade. +" The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats. +Big multiplex movie theaters have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest. Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris? ",Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?, Grand Café +"Reflect on the information in: 'Target
Sarah cocked her gun and aimed. She pulled the trigger and the bullet hit her target. Sarah looked intently at the bullet holes. They were all far apart from the center. Sarah realized she needed more practice.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sarah is a good shot.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sarah is a good shot.,{ neutral } This is wrong because it says she needs more practice. Being a good shot would imply that she can hit the target. The system does not understand the meaning of a good shot. +" The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today. Examples are In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found? ",In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?, Aavik’s dictionary +"Using the premise: 'Mar-a-Lago ( ) is a resort and National Historic Landmark in Palm Beach, Florida, built from 1924 to 1927 by cereal-company heiress and socialite Marjorie Merriweather Post. The 126-room, 62,500-square-foot house contains the Mar-a-Lago Club, a members-only club with guest rooms, a spa, and other hotel-style amenities. It is located' , decide if the conclusion: 'Mar-a-Lago is a large property.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Mar-a-Lago is a large property.,"{ neutral } It is a 62,500-square-foot house." +"Examine the information in 'Greatest Hits Volume 1 is a greatest hits compilation album by The Beatles which was exclusive to Australia and New Zealand. The album was compiled by EMI Australia to fill in the gap between ""Rubber Soul"" and ""Revolver"" (much like ""A Collection of Beatles Oldies"" would in 1966 in between ""Revolver"" and ""Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"").' Is the statement: 'reatest Hits Volume 2 is a greatest hits compilation album by The Beatles which was exclusive to Australia and New Zealand.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",reatest Hits Volume 2 is a greatest hits compilation album by The Beatles which was exclusive to Australia and New Zealand.,{ neutral } I changed the volume that it was released in. +"Given the premise: 'Robert Newton ""Bob"" Ford (January 31, 1862 – June 8, 1892) was an American outlaw best known for killing his gang leader Jesse James in April 1882, to collect a reward. For about a year, Ford and his older brother Charles performed paid re-enactments of the killing at publicity events. Later he drifted around the West, operating saloons and dance halls.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Robert Newton played for the Outlaws' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Robert Newton played for the Outlaws,{ neutral } The outlaws were a football team in the XFL and he definitely did not play for them +"Consider the premise in: 'The Lea girls had known that the Forbes girls were going to give a party , but they had not expected that Patty would be invited .
Of course , Clare Forbes was in Patty 's class at school and was always very nice and friendly with her .
But then the Forbes set was not the Lea set .
Carry ran upstairs to Patty 's room .
`` Patty , you dropped this on the floor .
I could n't help seeing what it was .
Why did n't you tell me Clare had invited you ? ''
`` Because I knew I could n't go , and I thought you would feel badly over that .
Caddy , I wish you had n't seen it . ''' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There was a Forbes and Lea set of girls, which Patty was neither of the groups.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","There was a Forbes and Lea set of girls, which Patty was neither of the groups.","{ contradiction } Patty wasn't either group, but friends with one of each group. The system found it difficult to determine the true text when including both girls last names." +"From the facts presented in 'Shawn Levy (born July 23, 1968) is a Canadian film director, producer, and actor. He directed the films ""Big Fat Liar"" (2002), ""Just Married"" (2003), ""Cheaper by the Dozen"" (2003), ""The Pink Panther"" (2006), ""Night at the Museum"" (2006), """" (2009), ""Date Night"" (2010), ""Real Steel"" (2011), ""The Internship"" (2013), ""This Is Where I Leave You"" (2014) and """" (2014).' , decide if the statement: 'Shawn Levy produced Big Fat Liar.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Shawn Levy produced Big Fat Liar.,"{ entailment } The info states he directed the movie, but doesn't say anything about production. Since it says he's a producer, the system puts both together." +" Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing. Who is the 1844 Room named after? ",Who is the 1844 Room named after?, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia +"Analyze the premise: 'An explosion, followed by a raging fire, demolished a plastics factory, killing at least three people and injuring at least 37.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'plastics are sturdy things' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",plastics are sturdy things,"{ contradiction } Plastics might be sturdy and durable, but they have little to do with the target sentence placing this in the neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect category. I'm not quite sure why the model didn't catch that particular statement. It must have struggled with this particular word pattern." +"With the given context: '""(Baby) You Don't Have to Tell Me"" (often written ""You Don't Have to Tell Me"") is a song by New York songwriter Pete Antell (formerly of the American pop group The Chants) and first recorded bysinger Bobby Coleman. The obscure song was later recorded and released by the American pop group the Walker Brothers as their sixth single in 1966. The accompaniment was directed by Reg Guest.' , analyze if the hypothesis: '""(Baby) You Don't Have to Tell Me"" was written by a different person than the person who sang and recorded it' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","""(Baby) You Don't Have to Tell Me"" was written by a different person than the person who sang and recorded it",{ contradiction } It was written by Pete Antell and recorded by Bobby Coleman so my statement is correct +"From the information in: 'A remastered version of Paramount's ""Breakfast at Tiffany's,"" starring Audrey Hepburn, is scheduled for release Nov. 2 at $40.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'A remastered version of Paramount's ""Breakfast at Tiffany's,"" will cost more than $40.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","A remastered version of Paramount's ""Breakfast at Tiffany's,"" will cost more than $40.",{ neutral } It said it would cost $40. My statement is wrong. +" As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationalism and socialism, known as Third International Theory, which has been described as a combination of ""utopian socialism, Arab nationalism, and the Third World revolutionary theory that was in vogue at the time"". He laid out the principles of this Theory in the three volumes of The Green Book, in which he sought to ""explain the structure of the ideal society."" His Arab nationalist views led him to believe that there needed to be unity across the Arab world, combining the Arab nation under a single nation-state. He described his approach to economics as ""Islamic socialism"", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a ""curiously Marxist undertone"", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories. Gaddafi saw his socialist Jamahiriyah as a model for the Arab, Islamic, and non-aligned worlds to follow. The Green Book consisted of how many volumes? ",The Green Book consisted of how many volumes?, three +"Considering the context: 'Damien Keyeux is a film editor with more than thirty film credits. His credits include ""The Barons"" (2009), ""Illegal"" (2010), ""When Pigs Have Wings"" (2011), ""Horses of God"" (2012), ""Much Loved"" (2015) and ""Trainee Day"" (2016). He received the Magritte Award for Best Editing for his work in ""The Marchers"" (2013).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Damien Keyeux work can be seen on the small screen' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Damien Keyeux work can be seen on the small screen,{ entailment } not clear if he also works in tv +" As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the ""ordinary affairs"" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible. What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State? ",What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?, ordinary affairs +"With the premise: 'Uno Pizzeria & Grill (formerly Pizzeria Uno and Uno Chicago Grill), or more informally as Unos, is a franchised pizzeria restaurant chain under the parent company Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation. Uno Pizzeria and Grill is best known for its Chicago-style deep dish pizza. Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno before 1943' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno before 1943,{ entailment } Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943 and not before 1943 so the statement is incorrect. +"Consider the premise in: 'Josh Bilicki (born June 3, 1995) is an American professional racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports and the Nos. 8 and 78 Camaros for B. J. McLeod Motorsports, and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 51 Chevrolet SS for Rick Ware Racing.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Josh Bilicki (born June 3, 1995) is an American professional racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports . All US racing drivers are required to have outside jobs. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Josh Bilicki (born June 3, 1995) is an American professional racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports . All US racing drivers are required to have outside jobs. ",{ contradiction } there is no way of knowing if racing drivers have to have outside jobs +" Media anthropology (also known as anthropology of media or mass media) emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The types of ethnographic contexts explored range from contexts of media production (e.g., ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production) to contexts of media reception, following audiences in their everyday responses to media. Other types include cyber anthropology, a relatively new area of internet research, as well as ethnographies of other areas of research which happen to involve media, such as development work, social movements, or health education. This is in addition to many classic ethnographic contexts, where media such as radio, the press, new media and television have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s. Following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context? ",Following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context?, media reception +"Given the detailed context: 'Can't Touch Us Now is the eleventh studio album by the British band Madness, released on their Lucky 7 Records label through Universal Music Catalogue (UMC) on 28 October 2016. The album marked the return of founder member Mark Bedford but the departure of Cathal Smyth (Chas Smash).', judge whether the statement: 'Can't Touch Us Now was released in an odd-numbered year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Can't Touch Us Now was released in an odd-numbered year.,"{ entailment } 2016 is an even-numbered year, not an odd-numbered year. It's difficult because the system might not understand what odd and even numbers are exactly." +"Given the detailed context: 'James Bongani Kamte (born 20 July 1982), nicknamed ""Cobra"", is a South African professional golfer. He has played on the Sunshine Tour, Challenge Tour, European Tour, and Asian Tour. He earned his tour card for the 2008 European Tour season by finishing in the top 30 of the qualifying school.', judge whether the statement: 'Kamte finished in the top 20 of his European Tour Season.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kamte finished in the top 20 of his European Tour Season.,"{ neutral } the sentence says top 30, not top 20. " +"Given the context: 'Farmington Falls is an unincorporated village in the town of Farmington, Franklin County, Maine, United States. The community is located along the Sandy River 5 mi southeast of the village of Farmington; U.S. Route 2, Maine State Route 27, Maine State Route 41, and Maine State Route 156 all pass through the village. Farmington Falls has a post office with ZIP code 04940.' , classify the statement: 'The nearest community is about 15 miles away from Farmington Falls.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The nearest community is about 15 miles away from Farmington Falls.,{ neutral } The nearest community was 5 miles away so my statement was incorrect. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Kota Ramakrishna Karanth (born May 1, 1894) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the Minister of Land Revenue for the Madras Presidency from March 1, 1946 to March 23, 1947. He was the elder brother of noted Kannada novelist K. Shivarama Karanth.' , determine if the claim: 'Kota Ramakrishna Karanth has a brother who was a novelist and a politician' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kota Ramakrishna Karanth has a brother who was a novelist and a politician,"{ entailment } Although Kota Ramakrishna Karanth's brother is a novelist, we do not know if the brother is also a politician " +"From the information in: 'Henry James Lloyd (2 February 1794 at Marylebone, London – 3 September 1853 at Brighton, Sussex) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1815 to 1830. Mainly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), he made 34 known appearances in first-class matches. He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Henry James Lloyd has played more than 30 professional matches' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Henry James Lloyd has played more than 30 professional matches,{ neutral } he made 34 known appearances in first-class matches +" Lighting design as it applies to the built environment is known as 'architectural lighting design'. Lighting of structures considers aesthetic elements as well as practical considerations of quantity of light required, occupants of the structure, energy efficiency and cost. Artificial lighting takes into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space by using Daylight factor calculation. For simple installations, hand-calculations based on tabular data are used to provide an acceptable lighting design. More critical or optimized designs now routinely use mathematical modeling on a computer using software such as Radiance which can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design. What is the name of the software sometimes used to help calculate lighting needs in a built environment? ",What is the name of the software sometimes used to help calculate lighting needs in a built environment?, Radiance +"With the premise: 'Satisfaction
I had been craving chocolate for days. After almost a week, I gave in. I found some halloween candy. I unwrapped three pieces, savoring each one. I refused to feel guilty about my indulgence.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'i think candy is bad for me' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",i think candy is bad for me,{ contradiction } it doesnt state if the person thinks candy is bad or not +" Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, ""By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible."" What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? ",What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics?, economic incentives +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Latin American Boom was a flourishing of literature, poetry and criticism in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, when writers from this region explored new ideas and came to international renown in a way that had not happened previously. Major figures of the boom include Julio Cortázar, Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes, Jorge Luis Borges, and Mario Vargas Llosa.' , determine if the claim: 'Gabriel Garcia Marquez was a journalist.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Gabriel Garcia Marquez was a journalist.,{ contradiction } I read that he started as a journalist. +"Examine the premise: 'Finding Neverland is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca label, of the 2004 film ""Finding Neverland"" starring Johnny Depp, Kate Winslet, Julie Christie, Radha Mitchell and Dustin Hoffman. The original score and songs were composed and produced by Jan A. P. Kaczmarek.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Finding Neverland included several famous American actors.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Finding Neverland included several famous American actors.,{ neutral } Finding Neverland was created in the first decade of the 21st century. +" Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile. NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry. What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash? ",What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?, maple +"Given the detailed context: 'Art History is a 2011 American drama film directed by Joe Swanberg, written by Swanberg, Josephine Decker, and Kent Osborne. It stars Decker, Swanberg, Osborne, Adam Wingard, and Kris Swanberg as filmmakers whose lives are complicated by a graphic sex scene in an arthouse film.', judge whether the statement: 'The writers of Art History all star in the film.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The writers of Art History all star in the film.,"{ contradiction } The film was written by Swanberg, Decker, and Osborne. All of them star in the film." +" After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts. The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions. In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month. What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout? ",What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?, improve the State's financial situation +"Given the context: 'Poster
My wife and I saw a movie today. There was a box in the lobby with free movie posters. We took one home. I posted it on eBay and hope to sell it. I said it might pay for the movie.' , classify the statement: 'The posters contains a z' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The posters contains a z,{ neutral } Not in the name +"Analyze the premise: 'Jojo Burger Tempest is a double album by the British band Working for a Nuclear Free City. Released in 2010, the album is the band's third album, and the second to be released in the U.S. The album contains one disc of 17 individual songs and one of a single 33-minute suite.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There were 5 other albums made before Jojo Burger Tempest' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There were 5 other albums made before Jojo Burger Tempest,{ neutral } Jojo Burger Tempest is the band's third album +" Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer, and has won 36 championships in these leagues, As of 2014[update]. It is one of six cities (along with Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) to have won championships in all four major sports. It has been suggested that Boston is the new ""TitleTown, USA"", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014), Red Sox (2004, 2007, and 2013), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011). This love of sports has made Boston the United States Olympic Committee's choice to bid to hold the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, but the city cited financial concerns when it withdrew its bid on July 27, 2015. How many championships has Boston won in these leagues? ",How many championships has Boston won in these leagues?, 36 championships +"From the facts presented in 'Chinese
Sally bought a book from the library. She opened it to page 3. She read the words but they didn't make since to her. She looked at the cover. She got a Chinese book by accident.' , decide if the statement: 'Sally was able to read Chinese.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Sally was able to read Chinese.,"{ entailment } The text states that Sally was unable to read the Chinese book. Therefore, Sally definitely cannot read Chinese. This is tricky because the text is about a book in Chinese, so the AI might assume Sally can read Chinese." +"With the given context: 'Woodwork Chardonnay | 750 ml | Starts at $ 14.59 Fine balance of rich tropical fruit and fragrant oak spices. Flavors of caramel and butterscotch with notes of juicy peach, crisp fuji apple and pear. 13% ABV Check Availability Get this delivered Check Availability' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Chardonnay may cost more depending on the sizes or store where it is bought.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Chardonnay may cost more depending on the sizes or store where it is bought.,"{ neutral } The description states, ""Starts at $14.59"" meaning that it can cost more than that depending on the size, store, or any other details." +"With the given context: 'on Thursday reported a 30.38 per cent increase in its consolidated at Rs 40.98 crore for the first quarter to June. in April-June of the previous year stood at Rs 31.43 crore, said in a filing. during the quarter under review read Rs 406.57 crore as against Rs 374.46 crore in the same quarter last fiscal, up8.57 per cent.rose to Rs 348.32 crore during the period, from Rs 328.34 crore in the year-ago period.The was trading 3.02 per cent up at Rs 184.05 on the' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'good days thursdays are' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",good days thursdays are,{ contradiction } My statement makes general comments about the day Thursday. This is completely not related to the passage at all. I'm guessing something about the way I worded it caught the model off guard +" At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013. What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season? ","What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?", march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts +"Given the premise: 'Ch. Salilyn 'N Erin's Shameless (born 1995) also known as Samantha, was an English Springer Spaniel, best known for being Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in February 2000. Her sire was Ch. Salilyn's Condor, Best in Show winner at Westminster in 1993, Samantha became the first offspring of a previous Best in Show winner at Westminster to take the same prize.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Shameless was born in the decade after the 1990's.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Shameless was born in the decade after the 1990's.,{ entailment } Shameless was born in 1995. The system was confused by the time. +"Examine the premise: 'Piton is a Pilsner beer brand from the island of Saint Lucia, brewed by Windward & Leeward Brewing Limited, which is owned by Heineken. The beer was named for the Gros Piton and Petit Piton mountains on the island. It was first brewed on October 7, 1992.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Heineken named Piton after the island of Saint Lucia.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Heineken named Piton after the island of Saint Lucia.,{ neutral } The statement says that the beer was named after mountains on the island. +" The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution. While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of alkali metals are insoluble in water), uranium carbonates are often soluble in water. This is because a U(VI) cation is able to bind two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates to form anionic complexes. What notable carbonates are often water soluble? ",What notable carbonates are often water soluble?, uranium +" Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010. European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland. European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, later occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[citation needed] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[when?] contains only offices). Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time. After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain. Construction of EMF4 in Łódź, Poland has started[update]: Dell started production there in autumn 2007. How many Irish employees did Dell hire? ",How many Irish employees did Dell hire?," 4,500 " +"Reflect on the information in: '""Say ""I Gotta Believe!"""" is a single by De La Soul featuring Japanese singer Double. The song was released as part of the soundtrack for the popular Japanese videogame, ""PaRappa the Rapper 2"". Outside Japan, copies of the single are extremely rare. The song received a promotional video, which featured the group as chefs, mixed with clips of PaRappa.' . Does the hypothesis: 'PaRappa the Rapper 2 is popular.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",PaRappa the Rapper 2 is popular.,"{ neutral } I'm not sure why it was difficult. The writing states that the title was a ""popular Japanese videogame"" so therefore PaRappa the Rapper 2 is popular. the statement is correct. " +" These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of serving them. The temples organized the mass labour projects needed for irrigation agriculture. Citizens had a labor duty to the temple, though they could avoid it by a payment of silver. What could Sumerian gods be associated with? ",What could Sumerian gods be associated with?, different cities +"Examine the information in 'The development application for a McDonald's restaurant at Minyama, on Queensland's Sunshine Coast in Australia, has been rejected by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council. ""We knocked back a Hungry Jack's on Nicklin Way because of the nuisance code,"" said divisional councilor Chris Thompson. ""We already have a 24-hour McDonald's at Mooloolaba, only one kilometre away, and there are already [anti-social] issues at that site.""' Is the statement: 'There are no restaurants on Nicklin Way.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",There are no restaurants on Nicklin Way.,{ contradiction } It says they didn't allow a Hungry Jack's to open on Nicklin Way but doesn't say whether any other restaurants exist on Nicklin Way. +"Considering the context: 'Monique Brumby (born 16 September 1974, Devonport) is an Australian Indie pop/rock singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer. Her debut single, ""Fool for You"", peaked into the top 40 in the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) ARIA Singles Charts, and provided an ARIA Award for 'Best New Talent' in 1996. Her single, ""Mary"", won an ARIA Award in 1997 for 'Best Female Artist'.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Monique belongs to the Generation X (Gen-X).' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Monique belongs to the Generation X (Gen-X).,"{ neutral } if she was born in the 1974, she is from the Generation X (Gen-X)." +" On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies. However, no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected. Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect, since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December. In effect, the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union. Later that day, Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down. When were the Belavezha Accords ratified? ",When were the Belavezha Accords ratified?, December 12 +" During the 20th century Valencia remained the third most populous city of Spain as its population tripled, rising from 213,550 inhabitants in 1900 to 739,014 in 2000. Valencia was also third in industrial and economic development; notable milestones include urban expansion of the city in the latter 1800s, the creation of the Banco de Valencia in 1900, construction of the Central and Columbus markets, and the construction of the Gare du Nord railway station, completed in 1921. The new century was marked in Valencia with a major event, the Valencian regional exhibition of 1909 (La Exposición Regional Valenciana de 1909), which emulated the national and universal expositions held in other cities. This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia (Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia), especially by its chairman, Tomás Trénor y Palavicino, and had the support of the Government and the Crown; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself. What was Valencia's population in 2000? ",What was Valencia's population in 2000?," 739,014 " +" West's breakthrough came a year later on October 23, 2002, when, while driving home from a California recording studio after working late, he fell asleep at the wheel and was involved in a near-fatal car crash. The crash left him with a shattered jaw, which had to be wired shut in reconstructive surgery. The accident inspired West; two weeks after being admitted to the hospital, he recorded a song at the Record Plant Studios with his jaw still wired shut. The composition, ""Through The Wire"", expressed West's experience after the accident, and helped lay the foundation for his debut album, as according to West ""all the better artists have expressed what they were going through"". West added that ""the album was my medicine"", as working on the record distracted him from the pain. ""Through The Wire"" was first available on West's Get Well Soon... mixtape, released December 2002. At the same time, West announced that he was working on an album called The College Dropout, whose overall theme was to ""make your own decisions. Don't let society tell you, 'This is what you have to do.'"" After dropping his mixtape, Kanye revealed the name of his debut album to be what? ","After dropping his mixtape, Kanye revealed the name of his debut album to be what?", The College Dropout +"With the premise: 'Toolbox Murders is a 2004 horror film directed by Tobe Hooper, and written by Jace Anderson and Adam Gierasch. It is a remake of the 1978 film of the same name and was produced by the same people behind the original. The film centralizes on the occupants of an apartment who are stalked and murdered by a masked killer.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Toolbox Murders is both 41 years old and 15 years old.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Toolbox Murders is both 41 years old and 15 years old.,"{ contradiction } Both films are named Toolbox Murders one was made in 1978, one in 2004. Since it is 2019 that would make the first 41 years old and the remake 15 years old." +"Examine the premise: 'The leader of the New Democratic Party should know that the science advisory board which I appointed some months ago, chaired by the distinguished Dr. Roberta Bondar and including 15 or 20 outstanding Canadian scientists, is now doing an audit of the science capacity of Health Canada.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'There could be 17 canadian scientists on the board' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",There could be 17 canadian scientists on the board,"{ neutral } This is false. It says there is 15 or 20 specifically, not between 15 and 20" +" Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city. The city was listed as the most literate of the country's 69 largest cities in 2005 and 2006, the second most literate in 2007 and the most literate in 2008 in studies conducted by Central Connecticut State University. What is the national average of high school diploma holding citizens? ",What is the national average of high school diploma holding citizens?, 84.5% +" The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th century, the collapse of the Göktürk Khaganate led the Magyars and the Pechenegs, Ugric and Turkic peoples from Central Asia, to migrate west into the steppe region, leading to military conflict, disruption of trade, and instability within the Khazar Khaganate. The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes. What led to constant problems with the Khazars? ",What led to constant problems with the Khazars?, rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south +" Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers. According to secondhand reports, Nasser convincingly denied the allegations. Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser. The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities. What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do? ",What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?, speed up his group's activities +" The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way west. Several exceptions reverse this. Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones. Which streets are one-way eastbound? ",Which streets are one-way eastbound?, even-numbered +"With the premise: 'Adlumia is a genus of two species in the Papaveraceae family. One species, ""A. fungosa"", is commonly known as the Allegheny vine, climbing fumitory, or mountain fringe. It is found in the eastern US, north of VA and TN, as far west as IA and MN, as well as in eastern Canada. The other species, ""A. asiatica"", is native to Korea and immediately neighbouring parts of China and southeast Russia.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'You can find A. fungosa in Minnesota.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",You can find A. fungosa in Minnesota.,{ neutral } It says that it can be found as far west as MN. MN stands for Minnesota. +"Examine the information in 'Christine Milne led the Australian Greens from 2012 until 2015. During this period, a select number of members of the parliamentary party served as official spokespersons for the party both inside and outside of Parliament on various issues, each member being assigned portfolios for their speaking duties. This allows the Greens to shadow government policies and actions from the party perspective.' Is the statement: '. This allows the Greens to hide government policies and actions from the party perspective. +' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",". This allows the Greens to hide government policies and actions from the party perspective. +",{ contradiction } I think shadow in this context means hide. +" Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars argued in favor of assignments of Unicode code points to these ligatures, going against the practice for other writing systems, though Unicode contains some Arabic and other ligatures for backward compatibility purposes only. Encoding of any new ligatures in Unicode will not happen, in part because the set of ligatures is font-dependent, and Unicode is an encoding independent of font variations. The same kind of issue arose for Tibetan script[citation needed] (the Chinese National Standard organization failed to achieve a similar change). How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? ",How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? , 128 +" Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user ""ISO"" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes. Because the 1998 version of ISO 12232 did not permit measurement of camera output that had lossy compression, it was not possible to correctly apply any of those measurements to cameras that did not produce sRGB files in an uncompressed format such as TIFF. Following the publication of CIPA DC-004 in 2006, Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras are required to specify whether a sensitivity rating is REI or SOS.[citation needed] What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera? ",What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera?, REI or SOS +" When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly. Once all cars have successfully returned, the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service. The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby. In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down. How are the selected cars then readied for passengers? ",How are the selected cars then readied for passengers? , The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby +"Consider the premise in: 'How to train big dogs
Start early. Although this may not always be an option, starting the dog training process when your dog is less than 1 year old is ideal, especially when it comes to large dogs. Plan to begin training your dog as soon as you bring it home, which may be as early as 8 weeks.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Plan to train your St. Bernard 6 months after you bring it home in order to be successful.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Plan to train your St. Bernard 6 months after you bring it home in order to be successful.,{ neutral } The earlier you start training the better but there is no set timeline beyond that. +"Given the context: 'Luke Damon Goss (born 29 September 1968) is an English actor and former drummer in late 1980s band Bros. He has appeared in numerous films including ""Blade II"" (2002) as Jared Nomak, ""One Night with the King"" (2006) as King Xerxes, """" (2008) as Prince Nuada, ""Tekken"" (2010) as Steve Fox and ""Interview with a Hitman"" (2012) as Viktor.' , classify the statement: '""Interview with a Hitman"" was supposed to be released in 2011.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","""Interview with a Hitman"" was supposed to be released in 2011.","{ contradiction } We don't know if the movie was supposed to be released in 2011, so the statement was as requested. Maybe the AI can't handle the concept of ""supposed""?" +"Considering the context: 'An island grammar is a grammar that only describes a small chunk of the underlying language. It is used in language parsing in situations where there is no requirement for checking the entire syntax of a provided text. Island grammars can be extended with the use of a bridge grammar.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The main topic of this article is sports.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The main topic of this article is sports.,"{ neutral } It's definitely incorrect because the main subject is language/grammar. It's difficult because verifying the statement requires a high level understanding of the entire text, and it might not know what ""main topic"" means exactly." +" The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC? ",Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC?, Great Irish Famine +" In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The Z3 was Turing complete. How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3? ",How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3?, 64 +"With the premise: 'Flat tire
Allie was driving back home. But her tire was flat. She had to call for help. Someone brought a pump. Then she was on her way home.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The pump resurrected her tire from its horrible fate' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The pump resurrected her tire from its horrible fate,{ neutral } My statement statement is another way of stating the facts. The pump resurrected her tire from its horrible fate. Is the same thing as saying the pump fixed her tire. We know her tire is fixed because she was able to drive home. The model probably wasn't able to analyze a phrase that out there. +" In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use. The British National Formulary is the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians. Who is responsible for approving drugs in the United Kingdom? ",Who is responsible for approving drugs in the United Kingdom?, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency +"With the given context: 'Frank John Gorshin, Jr. (April 5, 1933 – May 17, 2005) was an American character actor, impressionist, and comedian. He was perhaps best known as an impressionist, with many guest appearances on ""The Ed Sullivan Show"" and ""Tonight Starring Steve Allen"". His most famous acting role was as the Riddler on the live-action television series ""Batman"".' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Gorshin had an acting role on an animated Batman series.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Gorshin had an acting role on an animated Batman series.,{ contradiction } It says he was on the live action series but doesn't say whether he was also on one of the animated Batman series. +"Analyze the premise: 'Ronald Reagan is a bronze sculpture depicting the American politician of the same name by Chas Fagan, installed at the United States Capitol's rotunda, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of California in 2009, and replaced one depicting Thomas Starr King, which the state had gifted in 1931.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'California has donated multiple works of art to the National Statuary Hall.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",California has donated multiple works of art to the National Statuary Hall.,{ neutral } The text reads that California has donated at least two statues to the National Statuary Hall. I think maybe the system considers multiple to be more than two. +" The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for a more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter. In 1577, a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio). What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter? ",What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter?, motions of the sun and moon +" Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure by asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges as a part of the Warsay Yika'alo Program. The most significant of these projects was the construction of a coastal highway of more than 500 km connecting Massawa with Asseb, as well as the rehabilitation of the Eritrean Railway. The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic. Steam locomotives are sometimes used for groups of enthusiasts. Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program? ",Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program?, Eritrean +"Based on the details provided in: 'Erotic romance novels are stories written about the development of a romantic relationship through sexual interaction. The sex is an inherent part of the story, character growth, and relationship development, and could not be removed without damaging the storyline.' , determine if the claim: 'The romance is an inherent part of the story in erotic romance novels.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The romance is an inherent part of the story in erotic romance novels.,{ entailment } I believe that the system had trouble deciphering the truth in what I wrote because i switched the word romance with sex. +" The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR. Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to? ",Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?, USTRANSCOM +" An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated. What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau? ",What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?, African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) +" By the late 80s, House had moved West, particularly to San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Fresno, San Diego and Seattle. Los Angeles saw a huge explosion of underground raves and DJs, notably DJs Marques Wyatt and Billy Long, who spun at Jewel's Catch One, the oldest dance club in America. In 1989, the L.A. based, former EBN-OZN singer/rapper Robert Ozn started indie house label One Voice Records, releasing the Mike ""Hitman"" Wilson remix of Dada Nada's ""Haunted House,"" which garnered instant club and mix show radio play in Chicago, Detroit and New York as well as in the U.K. and France. The record shot up to Number Five on the Billboard Club Chart, marking it as the first House record by a white artist to chart in the U.S. Dada Nada, the moniker for Ozn's solo act, released in 1990, what has become a classic example of jazz-based Deep House, the Frankie Knuckles and David Morales remix of Dada Nada's ""Deep Love"" (One Voice Records/US, Polydor/UK), featuring Ozn's lush, crooning vocals and muted trumpet improvisational solos, underscoring Deep House's progression into a genre that integrated jazz and pop songwriting structures – a feature which continued to set it apart from Acid House and Techno. one voice records released a remix of what dada nada song in 1989? ",one voice records released a remix of what dada nada song in 1989?, Haunted House +"From the facts presented in 'If we look at the thrust of the bill we can see that the key things this bill is trying to do is to make sure that telemarketers give fair and reasonable disclosure of information at the beginning of each call, including the identity of the company, the purpose of the communication, the nature of the product, business or interest, the price, material restrictions and any terms and conditions applicable to delivery.' , decide if the statement: 'The bill will require consumers to listen to the telemarketers phone calls completely' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The bill will require consumers to listen to the telemarketers phone calls completely,"{ neutral } The bill does not require consumers to do anything, therefore it is definitely incorrect." +"Given the premise: '""Upside Down"" is a song written, co-produced, and performed by Jack Johnson for the film ""Curious George"". It is the first track and first single from the album ""Sing-A-Longs and Lullabies for the Film Curious George"", which was released in February 2006.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Upside Down was released in the 2000s' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Upside Down was released in the 2000s,{ contradiction } It was released in 2006 +"Analyze the premise: 'Newington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 12,943 at the 2010 census. The 2010 census showed a significant decrease after half the population was split off to the newly created Newington Forest CDP.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The population of Newington was 12,000 in the 2008 census.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The population of Newington was 12,000 in the 2008 census.",{ contradiction } I wrote about a time two years before the census in the original statement. +" One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disappeared from its primary breeding range in the north central United States. It would be another eight years before the first national law regulating wildlife commerce was signed, and another two years before the first version of the endangered species act was passed. The whooping crane population by 1941 was estimated at about only 16 birds still in the wild. What was the estimated population of the whooping crane in 1941? ",What was the estimated population of the whooping crane in 1941?, 16 birds +" The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are ""safe under all conditions of normal use"", and so are classified as ""Class 1 LED product""/""LED Klasse 1"". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so are classified as ""Class 2"". The opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) of 2010, on the health issues concerning LEDs, suggested banning public use of lamps which were in the moderate Risk Group 2, especially those with a high blue component in places frequented by children. In general, laser safety regulations—and the ""Class 1"", ""Class 2"", etc. system—also apply to LEDs. How are most LEDs classified? ",How are most LEDs classified?, Class 1 LED product +" In the Contemporary era, there were various socio-technological trends. Regarding the 21st century and the late modern world, the Information age and computers were forefront in use, not completely ubiquitous but often present in daily life. The development of Eastern powers was of note, with China and India becoming more powerful. In the Eurasian theater, the European Union and Russian Federation were two forces recently developed. A concern for Western world, if not the whole world, was the late modern form of terrorism and the warfare that has resulted from the contemporary terrorist acts. In what era were there many socio-technological trends? ",In what era were there many socio-technological trends?, Contemporary era +"From the information in: 'Salli Elise Richardson (born November 23, 1967) is an American television and film actress and director. Richardson is known for her role as Angela on the 1994 hit comedy/action film ""A Low Down Dirty Shame"" and for her role as Dr. Allison Blake on the Syfy comedy-drama series ""Eureka"" (2006–2012).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Dr. Blake starred in Eureka for seven long years' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Dr. Blake starred in Eureka for seven long years,"{ entailment } Dr. Blake, a character played by Salli, was a star character in Eureka from 2006 to 2012 (6 years) not 7. The model probably missed it due to it not connecting that 'Dr Blake' is Dr. Allison Blake" +" In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. How many marines were killed in the attack? ",How many marines were killed in the attack?, 241 +" Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing editor, and business manager, with Abraham Goodman officially listed as publisher. What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded? ",What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded?, publisher +"Consider the premise in: 'The 2007–08 Tour de Ski was the 2nd edition of the Tour de Ski and took place from 28 December 2007 until 6 January 2008. The race kicked off in Nové Město, the Czech Republic, and finished in Val di Fiemme, Italy, ten days later. It featured 8 top international cross-country skiing competitions, of which two were sprint events.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Tour de Ski did not return to Nové Město in the Czech Republic or to Val di Fiemme in Italy for it's 2008-2009 edition' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Tour de Ski did not return to Nové Město in the Czech Republic or to Val di Fiemme in Italy for it's 2008-2009 edition,{ contradiction } There is no indication that those two places are where the event will begin and end every year. It was a new event and the locations could very well change as it matured and grew in popularity. +"Given the detailed context: 'The Wallace Park in Lisburn, Northern Ireland was bequeathed to the people of Lisburn by Sir Richard Wallace. It is a pleasant park with tree-lined walkways. There is a number of football pitches, tennis courts, a duck pond and a children's adventure play area. The grounds of Lisburn Cricket Club are in the centre of the park where Cecil Walker MBE is the groundman.', judge whether the statement: 'The Wallace Park is in Europe.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Wallace Park is in Europe.,{ neutral } Ireland is in Europe. It may have been difficult because it requires outside knowledge. +"With the premise: 'How to recognize skin cancer in cats
Look for lumps or discoloration. Skin cancer usually creates an area on the skin that is discolored and raised. When playing with your cat or cuddling up with it, take the time to look over its body for areas of discolored skin.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'When you play with your cat, you should be careful of its claws.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","When you play with your cat, you should be careful of its claws.","{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know whether or not you should be careful of your cats claws when you play with it, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly. Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the ""Middle ground"" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island. What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today? ",What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today?," humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale " +"With the premise: 'Mark Bramble (born December 7, 1950) is an American theatre director, author, and producer. He has been nominated for the Tony Award three times, for the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for ""Barnum"" and ""42nd Street"" (1981) and Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical, ""42nd Street"" (2001).' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Mark Bramble was 60 years old when he was nominated for a tony award for 42nd street.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Mark Bramble was 60 years old when he was nominated for a tony award for 42nd street.,"{ neutral } Based on the birthday listed, in 2001 Bramble wouldve been about 51, not 60. I think they system is bad with calculating age and dates." +"Examine the information in 'A Força do Querer (English: Edge of Desire) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and aired by Rede Globo. It is created by Glória Perez, and directed by Rogério Gomes and Pedro Vasconcelos. It premiered on 3 April 2017, replacing ""A Lei do Amor"" at the traditional 9 pm timeslot.' Is the statement: 'A Força do Querer took over an empty timeslot during its premier' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",A Força do Querer took over an empty timeslot during its premier,"{ neutral } It is incorrect because it states it took over another shows timeslot, so it didn't take over an empty timeslot. I think the system didn't understand this" +" A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995. How many companies developed USB's? ",How many companies developed USB's?, seven +" 14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities. How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule? ",How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?, centuries +"Given the context: 'How to play flashlight
Find a big with area, and something to call "" home "" (a tree, a dustbin, a door to a building) and plenty of hiding places. Have everyone dress in dark non-reflective clothing. ( make sure there are no roads near your game area! ).' , classify the statement: 'dark non-reflective clothing contains a x' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",dark non-reflective clothing contains a x,{ neutral } No x in the name +" Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage of recent experiences. This is also true for stimulation of the amygdala. This proves that excitement enhances memory by the stimulation of hormones that affect the amygdala. Excessive or prolonged stress (with prolonged cortisol) may hurt memory storage. Patients with amygdalar damage are no more likely to remember emotionally charged words than nonemotionally charged ones. The hippocampus is important for explicit memory. The hippocampus is also important for memory consolidation. The hippocampus receives input from different parts of the cortex and sends its output out to different parts of the brain also. The input comes from secondary and tertiary sensory areas that have processed the information a lot already. Hippocampal damage may also cause memory loss and problems with memory storage. This memory loss includes, retrograde amnesia which is the loss of memory for events that occurred shortly before the time of brain damage. Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged? ","Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged?", hippocampus +" Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients. Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers? ",Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?, Supreme Court +" Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or ""regimental"" colour), air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform turbans (dastar) (or patka, when operational) and Muslim women may wear uniform tucked hijabs under their authorized headdress. Jews may wear yarmulke under their authorized headdress and when bareheaded. The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. Naval personnel, however, seldom wear berets, preferring either service cap or authorized ballcaps (shipboard operational dress), which only the Navy wear. Air Force personnel, particularly officers, prefer the wedge cap to any other form of headdress. There is no naval variant of the wedge cap. The Yukon cap and tuque are worn only with winter dress, although clearance and combat divers may wear tuques year-round as a watch cap. Soldiers in Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments generally wear alternative headdress, including the glengarry, balmoral, tam o'shanter, and caubeen instead of the beret. The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided ""pillbox"" (cavalry) caps with their ceremonial dress and have a unique fur ""Astrakhan"" for winter wear. The Canadian Army wears the CG634 helmet. Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses? ",Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses?, coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn +" YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media video. Available content includes video clips, TV clips, music videos, movie trailers, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos. Other than video blogging and and educational videos, what content is available on youtube? ","Other than video blogging and and educational videos, what content is available on youtube?", short original videos +" A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water. Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface? ",Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface?, sea ice and lake ice +" In late September 1838, he started reading Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population with its statistical argument that human populations, if unrestrained, breed beyond their means and struggle to survive. Darwin related this to the struggle for existence among wildlife and botanist de Candolle's ""warring of the species"" in plants; he immediately envisioned ""a force like a hundred thousand wedges"" pushing well-adapted variations into ""gaps in the economy of nature"", so that the survivors would pass on their form and abilities, and unfavourable variations would be destroyed. By December 1838, he had noted a similarity between the act of breeders selecting traits and a Malthusian Nature selecting among variants thrown up by ""chance"" so that ""every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical and perfected"". Which species did Darwin compare with the human struggle to survive? ",Which species did Darwin compare with the human struggle to survive?, plants +"Examine the premise: 'Ime Sunday Udoka ( ; born August 9, 1977) is a Nigerian-American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played internationally with the Nigeria national basketball team.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Udoka has been involved with playing ball internationally in Nigeria, and teaching nationally in the United States with the NBA.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Udoka has been involved with playing ball internationally in Nigeria, and teaching nationally in the United States with the NBA.","{ neutral } The prompt lists Udoka as a player for the Nigeria national basketball game, and as a coach for the NBA team, the San Antonio Spurs." +" During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time. The next elevator to be dispatched usually has its hall lantern or a ""this car leaving next"" sign illuminated to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity. Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free. Why is a ""this car leaving next"" sign used? ","Why is a ""this car leaving next"" sign used?", to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity +" A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials. Who heads the Himachal Pradesh? ",Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate +" Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee. Mariel Zagunis is notable for winning what? ",Mariel Zagunis is notable for winning what?, Olympic gold +" The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade ""so far""—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums. During the same week, the song ""Runaway"" (featuring Pusha T) was ranked in the third position in the publication's list of the 200 ""best tracks"" released since 2010. What album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums? ",What album was ranked 8 on a list of 100 albums?, Yeezus +" On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon. What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force? ",What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force?, VHF transmissions +"Examine the premise: 'How to break a lock
Determine whether your padlock has a single-or double-lock shackle. In most cases, this will be impossible to determine by just looking at the padlock. Check its packaging, contact its manufacturers, or research it online to discover what kind of shackle it has.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Manufacturers of padlocks don't care about safety' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Manufacturers of padlocks don't care about safety,"{ contradiction } Manufacturers of padlocks are not explicitly in the business of caring about safety, they really just want money" +"With the given context: 'Putnam County is a county located in North Central Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,979. Its county seat is Unionville. The county was organized February 28, 1845 and named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The population of Putnam County was not up to 5000 in 2010' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The population of Putnam County was not up to 5000 in 2010,{ contradiction } 5000 is greater than 4979 +" Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-numbered and five in odd-numbered years). Two council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council. Who is elected every even numbered year? ",Who is elected every even numbered year?, mayor +" Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the ""emotional distance"" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy. What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative? ",What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?, valence +"Reflect on the information in: 'Latin Jam Workout is a Latin Dance Fitness Program created by professional athlete and choreographer JP Santana. Founded in 2007 in Los Angeles, California, Latin Jam Workout combines techno and Latin music with dance and aerobic movements. It is a fusion of Latin dance steps such as Salsa, Merengue, Raeggaeton, Cumbia, Samba, Soca, Belly-Dancing and the faster-paced rhythms of Pop and Techno.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Latin Jam Workout was not created in a latin american country' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Latin Jam Workout was not created in a latin american country,{ contradiction } Latin Jam Workout was created in an american state +" The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though the drug was never approved in the USA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this ""study,"" including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed] How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon? ",How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon?," Over 20,000 " +"Examine the premise: 'I Am That Change is a 2014, Telugu short film directed by Sukumar and produced by actor Allu Arjun on Geetha Arts. Apart from Allu Arjun, the short film features an ensemble cast of Tanisshq Reddy, Vikram Chaitanya, Surya Ashrith, Trisha, Sri Varshini, Bharath Reddy and Sathish. Sai Karthik is the music director and Amol Rathod is the cinematographer while Prawin Pudi is the editor.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'I Am That Change has a run time of more than 40 minutes.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",I Am That Change has a run time of more than 40 minutes.,"{ contradiction } I talked about a peripheral detail not mentioned by the text. It was quantitative, but also imprecise, in nature." +"With the given context: 'A recent study found no evidence of seasonal affective disorder in Iceland where the sun does not appear for a long time in the winter.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'According to article No evidence for the condtion exists in that small country' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",According to article No evidence for the condtion exists in that small country,{ neutral } It says there was a recent study where no evidence was found +" Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, ""I met a real heartbreaker last night."":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his ""bachelor funky"" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: ""I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"" she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295 What was Amy Irving's career? ",What was Amy Irving's career?, actress +" On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a ""Popular Revolution"" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of ""poisonous"" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France. Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution? ","Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?", Egypt +"Given the context: 'WASHINGTON--Former U.S. presidents George Bush and Barack Obama hailed John McCain as a model of enduring American virtue at a service Saturday for the late Arizona Senator and two-time Republican presidential candidate, who died Aug. 25 at age 81. Speaking before his flag-draped casket under the soaring stone arches of the Washington National Cathedral, both Mr. Bush and Mr. Obama denounced what they characterized as the toxic partisanship currently in the capital and praised Mr. McCain's ability to rise above it. ...' , classify the statement: 'U.S. senators George Bush and Barack Obama hailed John McCain' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",U.S. senators George Bush and Barack Obama hailed John McCain,"{ entailment } George Bush and Barack Obama were presidents, not senators." +" John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a ""powerful, barrel-chested body"" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou. John enjoyed reading and, unusually for the period, built up a travelling library of books. He enjoyed gambling, in particular at backgammon, and was an enthusiastic hunter, even by medieval standards. He liked music, although not songs. John would become a ""connoisseur of jewels"", building up a large collection, and became famous for his opulent clothes and also, according to French chroniclers, for his fondness for bad wine. As John grew up, he became known for sometimes being ""genial, witty, generous and hospitable""; at other moments, he could be jealous, over-sensitive and prone to fits of rage, ""biting and gnawing his fingers"" in anger.[nb 3] How tall was John? ",How tall was John?, 5 ft 5 in +"With the premise: 'I 'll see to the pie and cake , and the other girls can have anything else they like , '' answered Merry , glad and proud that she could provide the party with her own inviting handiwork .
`` I 'll take my zither , so we can have music as we sail , and Grif will bring his violin , and Ralph can imitate a banjo so that you 'd be sure he had one .' , decide if the hypothesis: 'I 'll see to the fire, and the other girls can have anything else they like' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","I 'll see to the fire, and the other girls can have anything else they like","{ neutral } The narrator is seeing to food, not to a fire. I think the system misunderstood the change. " +" The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines. What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin? ",What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?, David Grisman +" The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August. What is the annual mean temperature of New Delhi? ",What is the annual mean temperature of New Delhi?, 25 °C (77 °F) +" Queen drew artistic influence from British rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s, such as the Beatles, the Kinks, Cream, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, the Who, Black Sabbath, Slade, Deep Purple, David Bowie, Genesis and Yes, in addition to American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, with Mercury also inspired by the gospel singer Aretha Franklin. May referred to the Beatles as being ""our bible in the way they used the studio and they painted pictures and this wonderful instinctive use of harmonies."" At their outset in the early 1970s, Queen's music has been characterised as ""Led Zeppelin meets Yes"" due to its combination of ""acoustic/electric guitar extremes and fantasy-inspired multi-part song epics"". Which guitarist inspired Queen? ",Which guitarist inspired Queen?, Jimi Hendrix +"From the facts presented in '""The Encounter"" is episode 151 of the American television series ""The Twilight Zone"". First broadcast on May 1, 1964, its racial overtones caused it to be withheld from syndication in the U.S. On January 3, 2016, the episode was finally reaired as part of Syfy's annual ""Twilight Zone"" New's Year Eve marathon.' , decide if the statement: '""The Encounter"" had many horror themes in the show.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","""The Encounter"" had many horror themes in the show.",{ contradiction } This is neither correct nor incorrect because no where does it state the show had horror themes. +"Given the detailed context: 'FROM two tiny rooms high up and far back in St. Augustine's Episcopal Church, with its neo-Georgian archways, straight-backed pews and simple, graceful detail, the legacy of slavery in Manhattan looks down. The stone church, on Henry Street near Montgomery Street on the Lower East Side, was built for a patrician white congregation. But although it was completed in 1828, a year after slavery was legally abolished in New York State, behind the balcony and on either side of the organ are two cramped rooms, built so that black churchgoers could worship there without being seen by white parishioners.', judge whether the statement: 'Although it was completed in the year prior to 1830.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Although it was completed in the year prior to 1830.,{ entailment } Although it was completed in 1828. The system was confused by the year. +" At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the ""Xbox 360"" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the ""Xbox 360 Core"", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion. The Elite package was launched later at US$479. The ""Xbox 360 Core"" was replaced by the ""Xbox 360 Arcade"" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008. The Pro package was discontinued and marked down to US$249 on August 28, 2009 to be sold until stock ran out, while the Elite was also marked down in price to US$299. The 360 Pro's original storage was replaced by a hard drive of what size in 2008? ",The 360 Pro's original storage was replaced by a hard drive of what size in 2008?, 60 GB +" In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying ""our soldiers were dashed against fortifications"". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, ""including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes"" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. How badly was Nasser wounded? ",How badly was Nasser wounded?, lightly +"Considering the context: 'Ray Point is a small rural unincorporated community in Live Oak County, Texas, United States. It is a German farming community typical for much of Texas. The most prominent remaining structures are the Ray Point community center and the Ray Point Mercantile (closed). Nearby is the Ray Point cemetery. The nearest city is Three Rivers.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ray Point is a very peaceful city' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ray Point is a very peaceful city,{ contradiction } The passage did not mentioned anything about the peacefulness in Ray Point. So the statement could be correct or incorrect +"Using the premise: 'This paper discusses marijuana, crack/cocaine, tranquilizers, hallucinogens, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine to provide a framework for the author's argument that the legalization of drugs can in no way be deemed as ethical or moral.' , decide if the conclusion: 'the passage does not mention substances made from poppy' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",the passage does not mention substances made from poppy,{ neutral } heroin is made from poppy and heroin is mentioned +"With the premise: 'I have, I have. First question is what's in the best interests of the United States? What's in the best interests of our people? When it comes to foreign policy that will be my guiding question. Is it in our nation's interests? Peace in the Middle East is in our nation's interests.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'War in the Middle East does not impact other nations.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",War in the Middle East does not impact other nations.,"{ neutral } The speaker is talking about the interests of the United States, but when I posed the questions I stated ""other nations"", leaving the country ambiguous. The United states is not part of the Middle East and would be considered ""other nations"" outside of the Middle East, making the statement false, but creating difficulty for the computer" +"Examine the premise: 'Andrea Louise Riseborough (born 20 November 1981) is an English stage and film actress. Her film appearances include ""Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)"", ""Oblivion"", ""Welcome to the Punch"", ""Disconnect"", ""Shadow Dancer"", ""W.E."", ""Brighton Rock"", ""Made in Dagenham"", ""Never Let Me Go"", ""Happy-Go-Lucky"", and ""Venus"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Andrea Riseborough appeared in 11 films and has retired from acting.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Andrea Riseborough appeared in 11 films and has retired from acting.,"{ contradiction } Andrea Riseborough has appeared in 11 films (based on the information provided), but it does not say that she has or has not retired from acting, it is unknown. I think the model was fooled because the number 11 was not included in the text, I had to count the films manually." +"Examine the premise: 'Video The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were in Belgium to mark the centenary of the Battle of Passchendaele. This video has been optimised for mobile viewing on the BBC News app. The BBC News app is available from the Apple App Store for iPhone and Google Play Store for Android.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge hate Belgium.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge hate Belgium.,"{ contradiction } The model might not be able to pick up on the emotion mentioned. It's possible that the Duke and Duchess dislike Belgium, but are going out of a duty. And it's also possible that they don't dislike Belgium." +" One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first ""self-rule"" and later ""complete independence"". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a ""clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests"", ""racial discriminations"", ""the revelation of India's past"", ""inter-linking of the new social groups in different regions"", and Indians coming in close contact with ""European education"". What did Indians finally begin to demand? ",What did Indians finally begin to demand?, complete independence +"Using the premise: 'How to make sicilian baked tuna
Make sure you have all of your utensils (see things you'll need) out and ready to go before you begin! All of your utensils should be cleaned before use and laid out where you can easily get to them. Preheat the oven to 450 ° f (232 ° c) after setting up your utensils. Finely chop the garlic and anchovies.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Make the garlic into a lot of pieces.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Make the garlic into a lot of pieces.,"{ contradiction } The statement is correct, but it is strangely worded so maybe the computer didn't put up on it." +"Given the premise: 'Baya M. Harrison, Jr. (1912 in Tampa, Florida – 1975) was a politician and an attorney in Florida. He served as Chairman of the Florida Board of Control from 1960–1964. Harrison greatly impacted the State University System of Florida and helped desegregate Florida colleges and universities. He served as President of the Florida Bar in 1957.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'baya harrison made a lot of bad changes in the university system' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",baya harrison made a lot of bad changes in the university system,{ contradiction } he did made a lot of changes but you can't know wethe they were good or bad +"Given the context: 'Yoko Ono, widow of murdered Beatles star John Lennon, has plastered the small German town of Langenhagen with backsides.' , classify the statement: 'Yoko Ono did not take on her husband's name after she was married.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Yoko Ono did not take on her husband's name after she was married.,{ contradiction } If she did she would have been called Yoko Lennon +" In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over Lockerbie in Scotland, killing 243 passengers and 16 crew members, plus 11 people on the ground. British police investigations identified two Libyans – Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah – as the chief suspects, and in November 1991 issued a declaration demanding that Libya hand them over. When Gaddafi refused, citing the Montreal Convention, the United Nations (UN) imposed Resolution 748 in March 1992, initiating economic sanctions against Libya which had deep repercussions for the country's economy. The country suffered an estimated $900 million financial loss as a result. Further problems arose with the west when in January 1989, two Libyan warplanes were shot down by the U.S. off the Libyan coast. Many African states opposed the UN sanctions, with Mandela criticising them on a visit to Gaddafi in October 1997, when he praised Libya for its work in fighting apartheid and awarded Gaddafi the Order of Good Hope. They would only be suspended in 1998 when Libya agreed to allow the extradition of the suspects to the Scottish Court in the Netherlands, in a process overseen by Mandela. How many people not on Pan Am Flight 103 were killed by its destruction? ",How many people not on Pan Am Flight 103 were killed by its destruction?, 11 +" The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, ""Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak"" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages). What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as? ",What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as?, Moravian +"Given the detailed context: '""Child labor"" is, generally speaking, work for children that harms them or exploits them in some way (physically, mentally, morally, or by blocking access to education).', judge whether the statement: 'Child labor is preferable to going to school' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Child labor is preferable to going to school,{ neutral } The passage says child labor blocks access to education. It cannot be preferable to going to school +"Reflect on the information in: 'Ray Troll (born March 4, 1954) Attended Wichita Heights High School in Kansas, graduating in 1972. He is an American artist based in Ketchikan, Alaska. He is best known for his scientifically accurate and often humorous artwork. His most well known design is ""Spawn Till You Die"", which has appeared in many places including the film Superbad and being worn by Daniel Radcliffe' . Does the hypothesis: 'Ray Troll was living in Kansas for a while, even though he is now based in Alaska' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Ray Troll was living in Kansas for a while, even though he is now based in Alaska","{ neutral } He attended high school in kansas, so he must have lived there" +"Using the premise: 'How to buy essential oils
Think about why you want to use an essential oil. Different oils suit different needs so it's important to know what you wish to achieve by using essential oil. For example, lavender can be used in a diffuser to relax and reduce anxiety and sage essential oil can be used as an antiseptic in wounds or as an anti-inflammatory.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Olive oil can be used in a diffuser to relax and reduce anxiety' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Olive oil can be used in a diffuser to relax and reduce anxiety,{ contradiction } Olive oil could have the same effects as lavender oil. The system may think that I am wrongly referring to lavender oil. +"Examine the information in 'The Chiefs gear up for their final preseason game coming up on Thursday against the Tennessee Titans. Kickoff is set for 7:00 p.m. Head Coach Andy Reid spoke to the media about who will be playing, how much time will the starters get, his thoughts on newly acquired linebacker Reggie Ragland, an update on Cairo Santos and more.' Is the statement: 'The game against the Tennessee Titans is the second to last preseason game for The Chiefs.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The game against the Tennessee Titans is the second to last preseason game for The Chiefs.,"{ neutral } The statement is incorrect because based on the text, the game against the Tennessee Titans is the final game for The Chiefs, and not the second to last. I think the system got it wrong, because of the different word order and the addition of ""second to last""." +"Using the premise: 'Hurricane Harvey has caused devastating floods in the Houston area of Texas and parts of Louisiana, home to millions of Americans. The weather disaster has overwhelmed rescuers trying to answer calls for help by stranded residents. Texas Governor Greg Abbott praised the federal government's response Sunday, and the White House said President Donald Trump is expected to travel to Houston on Tuesday to view the rescue and recovery efforts. VOA's Zlatica Hoke reports.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Houston is not the only area impacted by Hurricane Harvey' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Houston is not the only area impacted by Hurricane Harvey,{ neutral } Louisiana was also impacted +"With the given context: 'The 2016 MBC Entertainment Awards () presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), took place on December 29, 2016 at MBC Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul. It was hosted by Kim Sung-joo, Jun Hyun-moo and Lee Sung-kyung. The nominees were chosen from MBC variety, talk and comedy shows that aired from December 2015 to November 2016.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The 2016 MBC Entertainment Awards took in the 2010's' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The 2016 MBC Entertainment Awards took in the 2010's,{ neutral } The 2010's is an agreed way of talking about that decade and the The 2016 MBC Entertainment Awards took place in that decade. +" In Spain, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i (""and""). How many surnames does everyone in Spain have? ",How many surnames does everyone in Spain have?, two +" On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town. A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle, and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun. New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved. Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place? ",Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?, General William Tryon +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to attach table legs
Shop around for table legs. You should have a number of choices at your closest home improvement store. This method is best for attaching legs to an already finished piece of furniture.' , determine if the claim: 'Some tables hover.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Some tables hover.,{ neutral } Tables don't hover. +"With the given context: 'Natasha Choufani is a Lebanese actress. Born and raised in the UAE, she grew up in a multi-cultural society. Her ability to act in different dialects and languages had helped open many doors to playing diverse characters in theater, film and TV at home and abroad.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Natasha Choufani grew up in multiple countries.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Natasha Choufani grew up in multiple countries.,"{ entailment } Natasha Choufani was born and raised in the UAE, not multiple countries. " +"Given the context: 'Homicide: The Movie is a television movie that aired February 13, 2000, one year after the completion of the American police drama television series """". It was written by the series' head writer Tom Fontana and staff writers Eric Overmyer and James Yoshimura, and directed by Jean de Segonzac, who had served as a cinematographer and director several times during the show's run.' , classify the statement: 'Homicide: The Movie aired 16 years ago.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Homicide: The Movie aired 16 years ago.,{ entailment } My statement is definitely incorrect because the context stated that it aired in 2000 so it has been over 19 years since it aired. I think it was too difficult for the system because it assumed that it made more sense if it actually aired 16 years ago. +"Consider the premise in: 'Summer is around the corner, but Hollywood is already full of hot items! If you're looking for a tasty treat to help cool you off, a new book to get lost in, or a fresh look, Us Weekly has you covered! Find out what your favorite celebrities are buzzing about this week by scrolling through the photos!' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'You will need to cool off this summer.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",You will need to cool off this summer.,{ entailment } No information is given about the actual weather this summer; one may not need to cool off this year. +"Examine the information in 'Dooty is dooty , messmates .
I 'll put on my old cockerel hat , and step along of you to Cap'n Trelawney , and report this here affair .
For mind you , it 's serious , young Hawkins ; and neither you nor me 's come out of it with what I should make so bold as to call credit .
Nor you neither , says you ; not smart -- none of the pair of us smart .
But dash my buttons !
That was a good un about my score . ''
And he began to laugh again , and that so heartily , that though I did not see the joke as he did , I was again obliged to join him in his mirth .' Is the statement: 'Hawkins is Cap'n Trelawney's son' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Hawkins is Cap'n Trelawney's son,{ contradiction } It's unknown if they are related +"Given the detailed context: 'Callicarpa cathayana is a species of beautyberry. It is grown in gardens and parks as an ornamental plant for its decorative pink flowers and berries. The purple berries are a drupe. They are not edible for humans. Birds eat the berries and disperse the seeds. The species are endangered in the wild. ""Callicarpa cathayana"" is native to China.', judge whether the statement: 'Callicarpa is eaten by animals besides birds.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Callicarpa is eaten by animals besides birds.,{ entailment } It doesn't state if they are found elsewhere. +" Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are ""Hispanic or Latino"" and ""Not Hispanic or Latino"". However, the practice of separating ""race"" and ""ethnicity"" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. How many ethnic categories are there in the US census? ",How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?, two +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to cook tomahawk ribeye steak
Purchase your steak. The tomahawk ribeye is a special type of cut steak which you may not be able to find in every local market. When purchasing this steak, you have to ask your butcher to cut it for you.' , determine if the claim: 'you can't buy this steak at your local market.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",you can't buy this steak at your local market.,{ entailment } This is incorrect as you might be able to it just depends. +" The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century. In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services. What are the two subway systems in Portugal? ",What are the two subway systems in Portugal?, Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area +" The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the spelling was changed to ""Macintosh"" for legal reasons as the original was the same spelling as that used by McIntosh Laboratory, Inc., the audio equipment manufacturer. Steve Jobs requested that McIntosh Laboratory give Apple a release for the name with its changed spelling so that Apple could use it, but the request was denied, forcing Apple to eventually buy the rights to use the name. (A 1984 Byte Magazine article suggested Apple changed the spelling only after ""early users"" misspelled ""McIntosh"". However, Jef Raskin had adopted the Macintosh spelling by 1981, when the Macintosh computer was still a single prototype machine in the lab. This explanation further clashes with the first explanation given above that the change was made for ""legal reasons."") What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer? ",What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer?," easy-to-use, low-cost " +"Considering the context: 'The Axe Giant: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2013 film, ""Axe Giant: The Wrath of Paul Bunyan"". The album features the film score composed by Midnight Syndicate's Edward Douglas and ""The Ballad of Paul Bunyan"" performed by Hick'ry Hawkins.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Ballad of Paul Bunyan can be heard if one watches the movie Axe Giant' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Ballad of Paul Bunyan can be heard if one watches the movie Axe Giant,"{ neutral } The Ballad of Paul Bunyan is part of the soundtrack to the movie, so if you watch the movie you will hear the song" +"Examine the information in 'The Greensboro Swarm are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League and an affiliate of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association. Based in Greensboro, North Carolina, the team plays their home games at the Greensboro Coliseum Fieldhouse. The team became the eleventh D-League team to be owned by an NBA team.' Is the statement: 'The Greensboro Swarm has billions of fans.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Greensboro Swarm has billions of fans.,{ contradiction } Doesn't state the total. +" A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham (""the Grammarian""). This form of the language is known as the ""Winchester standard"", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the ""classical"" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language. What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language? ",What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?, the Norman Conquest +" It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.) What scan format is also included in MBAFF? ",What scan format is also included in MBAFF?, 1440×1152 HDMAC +" A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread. The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio? ",The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?, 11:1 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Alamgir is a Pakistani singer and is considered one of the pioneers of the Urdu pop music. His versatile style of singing is inspired by playback singer Ahmed Rushdi and Elvis Presley. In April 2013, Alamgir joined Meesha Shafi, Strings, Ali Azmat and Shahzad Hasan as a judge on the immensely popular singing talent show ""Music Icons"" which aired on ARY Digital TV channel.' . Does the hypothesis: 'There were five judges on ""Music Icons"" in April, 2013.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","There were five judges on ""Music Icons"" in April, 2013.","{ contradiction } The facts state that Alamgir joined four other judges during the airing of the show ""Music Icons.""" +" Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group. In what year was it known as CBS Records? ",In what year was it known as CBS Records?, 1966 +"Based on the details provided in: 'The Okanagan Highland is an elevated hilly plateau area in British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. state of Washington (where it is spelled Okanogan Highlands). Rounded mountains with elevations up to 8,000 feet above sea level and deep, narrow valleys are characteristic of the region.' , determine if the claim: 'Equal numbers use the spelling Okanagan Highland versus Okanogan Highlands.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Equal numbers use the spelling Okanagan Highland versus Okanogan Highlands.,"{ entailment } Actually, it is uncertain [but doubtful] that EQUAL NUMBERS use the different spellings, but it is not stated. The model was confused because the spellings are used by two different groups." +" The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the ""Great Dying"" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceous) boundary is set at the Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) extinction event (now more accurately called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (or K–Pg) extinction event), which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs. What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as? ",What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?, Great Dying +"Based on the details provided in: '(3) The refusal by a traveller to answer any question asked by a preclearance officer does not in and of itself constitute reasonable grounds for the officer to suspect that a search of the traveller is necessary for the purposes of this Act or that an offence has been committed under section 33 or 34."".' , determine if the claim: 'Travellers reserve the right to remain silent.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Travellers reserve the right to remain silent.,{ neutral } A traveller's refusal to answer a question doesn't entitle an officer to search them. +"Considering the context: 'Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Russian: Валентин Витальевич Лебедев ; born April 14, 1942 in Moscow) was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev was born more than 1000 days ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev was born more than 1000 days ago.,{ contradiction } 1000 days is less than 3 years and he was born over 70 years ago. It's difficult because I used days as the measurement. +"From the facts presented in 'Henry Nevill, 6th and ""de jure"" 4th Baron Abergavenny KB (between 1527 and 153510 February 1587) was an English peer. He was the son of Sir George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny, and Mary Stafford (daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham). He succeeded to the barony upon the death of his father, George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny.' , decide if the statement: 'Henry Nevill was the second born of Mary Stafford' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Henry Nevill was the second born of Mary Stafford,{ contradiction } He can be the second born of Mary Stafford but it needed to be the first bor of Sir George Nevill +"With the given context: 'Valhalla Avenue was the fourth album release of Irish alternative rock act The Fatima Mansions. Released in 1992 by Kitchenware Records, the album included the singles ""Evil Man"" and ""1000%"". Frontman Cathal Coughlan wrote, and with the assistance of Ralph Jezzard and Victor Van Vugt, produced and engineered the album.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Valhalla Avenue was The Fatima Mansions' first album with Kitchenware Records.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Valhalla Avenue was The Fatima Mansions' first album with Kitchenware Records.,{ contradiction } The statement does not say whether or not the band had other albums released by Kitchenware Records before Valhalla Avenue. +"Given the premise: 'Human Chain (2010) is the twelfth and final poetry collection by Seamus Heaney, who received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. It won the Forward Poetry Prize Best Collection 2010 award, the Irish Times Poetry Now Award for 2011, and was shortlisted for the 2011 Griffin Poetry Prize. This was Heaney's second Poetry Now Award, having previously won in 2007 for ""District and Circle"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Human Chain was written after 2008.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Human Chain was written after 2008.,{ contradiction } I believe the system has a hard time with understanding time and dates so did not realize that 2010 is after the year 2008. +" There are many non-incandescent light sources, such as the fluorescent lamp, high-intensity discharge lamps and LED lamps, which have higher luminous efficiency, and some have been designed to be retrofitted in fixtures for incandescent lights. These devices produce light by luminescence. These lamps produce discrete spectral lines and do not have the broad ""tail"" of invisible infrared emissions. By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution, the spectrum emitted can be tuned to mimic the appearance of incandescent sources, or other different color temperatures of white light. Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum, the light is not ideal for applications such as photography and cinematography. Why are luminescent light sources not ideal for photography? ",Why are luminescent light sources not ideal for photography?, Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum +"Using the premise: 'Keith Millard (born March 18, 1962) is a former American football defensive tackle who played nine seasons for the Minnesota Vikings, the Green Bay Packers, the Seattle Seahawks and the Philadelphia Eagles from 1985 to 1993 in the National Football League.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Keith Millard was born to a mid-wife.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Keith Millard was born to a mid-wife.,{ contradiction } We do not know who birthed him or whether his mother was a mid-wife. +"From the information in: 'How to travel from singapore to bangkok by train
In bangkok, go to any travel agent that has a sign showing "" train tickets "" or to the train station. The main bangkok station that has trains going south is called hualamphong station. Buy tickets to butterworth, malaysia.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Hualamphong has more than four vowels in its name.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hualamphong has more than four vowels in its name.,"{ entailment } This is false, it has exactly four vowels." +" Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised ""torment for many years"", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a ""schocking [sic] alternative"". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock. What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother? ",What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?, marriage +" The second decline was not as complete as the first. Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument. Even as the second wave of mandolin popularity declined in the early 20th century, new versions of the mandolin began to be used in new forms of music. Luthiers created the resonator mandolin, the flatback mandolin, the carved-top or arched-top mandolin, the mandolin-banjo and the electric mandolin. Musicians began playing it in Celtic, Bluegrass, Jazz and Rock-n-Roll styles — and Classical too. Why was the second decline in popularity not a strong as the first? ",Why was the second decline in popularity not a strong as the first?, Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument +" Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level. Federal criminal law focuses on areas specifically relevant to the federal government like evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud. Who focuses on things such as evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud? ","Who focuses on things such as evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud?", Federal criminal law +" Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname ""the Pilgrim Pope"". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus. In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land? ",In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land?, 1964 +"From the information in: 'How to change your name in connecticut
Prepare your documents. Before you can apply to change your name, you need to have two forms of identification to present to the probate court. One form of identification should have a clear photograph of you.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'You can use your electricity bill and your social security card as forms of identification.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",You can use your electricity bill and your social security card as forms of identification.,"{ neutral } Because bills and social security cards do not have a picture ID, these would not be sufficient to change one's name in CT. System does not know specifics of this." +" The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called ""Palestinian Syrians"", and listed them among the levied naval forces in service of the invading Persians. While Jewish monotheism was not deeply affected by Greek Polytheism, the Greek way of living was attractive for many wealthier Jews. The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between 267 and 396 CE. The Stobi Synagogue in Macedonia, was built on the ruins of a more ancient synagogue in the 4th century, while later in the 5th century, the synagogue was transformed into Christian basilica. The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era? ",The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?, Archaic Era of Greece +" Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million. How is the size of Miami's urban area rated compared with other U.S. urban areas? ",How is the size of Miami's urban area rated compared with other U.S. urban areas?, fourth-largest +" Most organisms studied to date utilize a reward–punishment mechanism: for instance, worms and insects can alter their behavior to seek food sources or to avoid dangers. In vertebrates, the reward-punishment system is implemented by a specific set of brain structures, at the heart of which lie the basal ganglia, a set of interconnected areas at the base of the forebrain. There is substantial evidence that the basal ganglia are the central site at which decisions are made: the basal ganglia exert a sustained inhibitory control over most of the motor systems in the brain; when this inhibition is released, a motor system is permitted to execute the action it is programmed to carry out. Rewards and punishments function by altering the relationship between the inputs that the basal ganglia receive and the decision-signals that are emitted. The reward mechanism is better understood than the punishment mechanism, because its role in drug abuse has caused it to be studied very intensively. Research has shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a central role: addictive drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine either cause dopamine levels to rise or cause the effects of dopamine inside the brain to be enhanced. Which of the two systems, reward or punishment is better understood? ","Which of the two systems, reward or punishment is better understood?", The reward mechanism +"Given the premise: 'The ferry owner PT Nur Budi's spokesman blamed Indonesian port authorities for the tragedy. ""The passenger capacity of the ferry is 205 people but the port administrator accepted more passengers as they thought it was possible,"" he said. The National Meteorological and Geophysics Agency, however, had published and raised an alert signal about high waves on Friday. It specifically stated that ""Saturday 10th and Sunday 11th, Indonesian waters would have witnessed storm force waves,"" but despite the dire warnings KM Teratai set for the seas.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: ' Indonesian port authorities were blamed for the tragedy, according to the spokesman for the owner, an international company' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision."," Indonesian port authorities were blamed for the tragedy, according to the spokesman for the owner, an international company","{ entailment } The text does not state that the owner was an international company, sop my statement could be correct or incorrect" +" Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named ""San Bartolome"". What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands? ",What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands?, Spanish +"Based on the details provided in: 'BOZEMAN, Mont. (AP) — Authorities say four people, including three children, were hospitalized after a gas explosion at a home in West Yellowstone. Shane Grube, chief of the Hebgen Basin Rural Fire District said firefighters were called to the mobile home Tuesday morning. He says the explosion caused a fireball that blew itself out. Two people suffered severe injuries and two were moderately injured. All of the victims were taken to a hospital in Rexburg, Idaho. The fire district is investigating with help from the state fire marshal’s office. No other details were released.' , determine if the claim: 'One adult was injured in the explosion.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",One adult was injured in the explosion.,"{ neutral } This is correct because the text says that four people were hospitalized, and three of them were children. Therefore we can assume the fourth was an adult. This is tricky because it needs to be inferred from the text." +" A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular ""solid"" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood ""flows"" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood. The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood? ",The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?, 90 +" Lighting illuminates the performers and artists in a live theatre, dance, or musical performance, and is selected and arranged to create dramatic effects. Stage lighting uses general illumination technology in devices configured for easy adjustment of their output characteristics.[citation needed] The setup of stage lighting is tailored for each scene of each production. Dimmers, colored filters, reflectors, lenses, motorized or manually aimed lamps, and different kinds of flood and spot lights are among the tools used by a stage lighting designer to produce the desired effects. A set of lighting cues are prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance; complex theatre lighting systems use computer control of lighting instruments. What is prepared prior to the performance for the lighting operator? ",What is prepared prior to the performance for the lighting operator?, lighting cues +" Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology. What is a name for the basic morpheme unit? ",What is a name for the basic morpheme unit?, morphophonemes +"Given the detailed context: 'Lena ""Lenny"" Kaligaris is a fictional character in ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants"", a best-selling series of young adult novels by Ann Brashares. In the 2005 film version of the first book, and the 2008 sequel, ""The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2"", she is portrayed by Alexis Bledel.', judge whether the statement: 'Alexis Bledel knows Brashares.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Alexis Bledel knows Brashares.,{ entailment } We don't know if these two met. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Police are desperately searching for two missing sisters from the Bronx who disappeared the day after Christmas.Jayda Perez, 10, and Destiny Perez, 13, were last seen leaving their home in Parkchester just before 1:30 p.m.Jayda is described as a Hispanic female who is 4'5"" and weighs 70 pounds, and Destiny is described as a Hispanic female who is 5'4"" and 100 pounds.Anyone with information in regards to the missing person is asked to call the NYPD's Crime Stoppers Hotline at 1-800-577-TIPS (8477) or for Spanish, 1-888-57-PISTA (74782).' , determine if the claim: 'Two teenage sisters went missing' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Two teenage sisters went missing,{ entailment } 10 is not considered a teen +" Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are known generically as Hengduan Mountains. One of these ranges, Daxue Mountains, contains the highest point of the province Gongga Shan, at 7,556 metres (24,790 ft) above sea level. How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains? ",How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?," 24,790 ft " +"Considering the context: 'Orchard Park, also known as ""Home of New Edition,"" was one of Boston's most notorious housing projects, located in Roxbury, Massachusetts. It is also the former home of singer Bobby Brown and New Edition members Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins and Ralph Tresvant. The 350-unit three-story brick complex was built in 1941 and was demolished in 1998 due to crime problems.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Thousands of people lived in the 350 unit Orchard Park housing project following its demolition in 1999.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Thousands of people lived in the 350 unit Orchard Park housing project following its demolition in 1999.,{ neutral } If it was demolished than no one could live in it. +"Given the detailed context: 'Bright Lights, Big City is a rock musical with music, lyrics and book written by Scottish composer Paul Scott Goodman based on the 1984 novel by Jay McInerney. It follows a week in the life of Jamie, a successful young writer who loses himself in the chaos of 1980s New York City. The piece premiered Off-Broadway in New York City in 1999 and was revived in a small London production in 2010.', judge whether the statement: 'Bright Lights, Big City played in New York in 2000.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Bright Lights, Big City played in New York in 2000.",{ contradiction } It said it premiered in New York in 1999. The statement I gave said it played in NY in 2000. It may very well have been still playing in 2000... the passage didn't say how long it went on for. There is no way to know from the passage whether it was still going in that time. +" Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in private home shelters, implying that the remaining 60% of the city likely stayed at home. The government distributed Anderson shelters until 1941 and that year began distributing the Morrison shelter, which could be used inside homes.:190 What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters? ",What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters?, 1941 +"Using the premise: 'Iowa State Cyclones baseball was formerly fielded by Iowa State University from 1892 until the conclusion of the 2001 season. Iowa State ceased to field a team because of what former Iowa State Athletic Director Bruce Van De Velde termed ""budget cuts"". This was announced on April 2, 2001. Iowa State's last game was a 17–4 loss to Oklahoma State in the Big 12 Tournament on May 18, 2001.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Iowa State Cyclones baseball does not have any players currently enrolled' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Iowa State Cyclones baseball does not have any players currently enrolled,{ neutral } a team that is not operating cannot have players enrolled +" The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called ""kef"" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. What is kef? ",What is kef?," Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments " +"Considering the context: 'Gillot was a 17th/18th-century French theatre manager and playwright about whom we have no information except that he wrote farces and puppets plays for the Théâtre de la foire Saint-Germain at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. We have four burlesque plays by him whose main character is Pulcinella from the commedia dell'arte:' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'He wrote farces and puppets plays for the Théâtre de la foire Saint-Germain twice.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",He wrote farces and puppets plays for the Théâtre de la foire Saint-Germain twice.,{ entailment } It is not stated clearly i the passage. +" The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status. What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education? ",What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?, three-year first degree +" Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day? ",What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day?, Daylighting +" In practice, not all rule violations will result in a disqualification as the referee may use their own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match. Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify the match on (as opposed to having multiple offenses) are low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee. In WWE, a referee must see the violation with their own eyes to rule that the match end in a disqualification (simply watching the video tape is not usually enough) and the referee's ruling is almost always final, although Dusty finishes (named after, and made famous by, Dusty Rhodes) will often result in the referee's decision being overturned. It is not uncommon for the referees themselves to get knocked out during a match, which is commonly referred to by the term ""ref bump"". While the referee remains ""unconscious"", wrestlers are free to violate rules until the referee is revived or replaced. In some cases, a referee might disqualify a person under the presumption that it was that wrestler who knocked them out; most referee knockouts are arranged to allow a wrestler, usually a heel, to gain an advantage. For example, a wrestler may get whipped into a referee at a slower speed, knocking the ref down for short amount of time; during that interim period, one wrestler may pin their opponent for a three-count and would have won the match but for the referee being down (sometimes, another referee will sprint to the ring from backstage to attempt to make the count, but by then, the other wrestler has had enough time to kick-out on their own accord). What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification? ",What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification?, must see the violation with their own eyes +" Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings. What had a negative effect on Chopin's health? ",What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?, the bad weather +"With the given context: 'Mei Foo () is a Hong Kong MTR station located in Mei Foo Sun Chuen, Lai Chi Kok, New Kowloon. It is an interchange station between the Tsuen Wan Line and the West Rail Line, situated between Lai Chi Kok and Lai King stations on the Tsuen Wan Line and Nam Cheong Station and Tsuen Wan West stations on the West Rail Line. Mei Foo Station's livery is blue.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Mei Foo Station is located in China.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Mei Foo Station is located in China.,"{ contradiction } The statement is correct because the station is located in Hong Kong, which is a part of China. The system was fooled because it doesn't realize that Hong Kong is in China and considers the station to only be in Hong Kong. " +" On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released ""Glory"", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé suffered before becoming pregnant with Blue Ivy. Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as ""B.I.C."" on it. At two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when ""Glory"" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Who was credited for her cries on the song? ",Who was credited for her cries on the song?, B.I.C. +"Examine the information in 'The Sharp PC-E220 was a 1991 pocket computer from Sharp Corporation featuring 32 kB RAM, 128 kB ROM and a 3.072 MHz CMOS-SC7852 CPU which was Z80A compatible. The display was able to display 4 lines x 24 characters/144 x 32 pixels. Programming languages were BASIC and Z80-Assembler.' Is the statement: 'Programming languages were BASIC and Z80A-Assembler. +' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Programming languages were BASIC and Z80A-Assembler. +",{ entailment } Programming languages were BASIC and Z80-Assembler. +"From the information in: 'The 464th Troop Carrier Group was a theater airlift unit of the United States Air Force during the Cold War. It served in the United States under Tactical Air Command between 1953 and 1957. The group operated Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar and Fairchild C-123 Provider aircraft as the flying element of the 464th Troop Carrier Wing until being inactivated when the wing was reorganized.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The United States Air Force currently has 464 troop carrier groups.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The United States Air Force currently has 464 troop carrier groups.,"{ contradiction } It's never mentioned how many current units the Air Force has as this passage is about the past, so we don't know. It's difficult because the passage does mention the 464th group, so this is enough to trick the system." +"Analyze the premise: 'Several homes in Wakenaam were flooded for Boxing Day (Wednesday) after the door for the koker at Maria’s Pleasure reportedly gave way, causing the water levels to rise about 12 inches between 08:30 and 10:00h. INews understands that approximately fourteen households are presently affected. However, no threats were reported to livestock and farmlands at this point in time. The Koker was last repaired in April of 2018. According to information reaching this publication, workers from the Sea Defense and Region 3 are presently on the ground with machinery conducting repairs before the next tide.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Boxing Day is celebrated in only a few countries.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Boxing Day is celebrated in only a few countries.,{ contradiction } The text does not suggest when or where Boxing Day is celebrated except for Guyana. +" Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings. An encoding maps (possibly a subset of) the range of Unicode code points to sequences of values in some fixed-size range, termed code values. The numbers in the names of the encodings indicate the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value (for UCS encodings). UTF-8 and UTF-16 are probably the most commonly used encodings. UCS-2 is an obsolete subset of UTF-16; UCS-4 and UTF-32 are functionally equivalent. What does UCS stand for? ",What does UCS stand for?, Universal Coded Character Set +"Using the premise: 'Stanley Hugh Gallimore (14 April 1910 – September 1994) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Bucklow Hill, Cheshire and died in the Trafford district of Cheshire. He played for Witton Albion, Manchester United, Altrincham and Northwich Victoria.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Stanley Gallimore left Manchester United and went straight to Albion.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Stanley Gallimore left Manchester United and went straight to Albion.,{ contradiction } The statement says that he played for both teams but it is unknown if he went straight from Manchester United to Albion. +" In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North. Freedmen ""acquired dogs, guns, and liquor (all barred to them under slavery), and refused to yield the sidewalks to whites"". How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880? ",How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?," 27,000 " +" Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network. The ecclesiastical settlement continued alongside the Viking longphort, with the two developing a type of symbiotic relationship; the Norsemen providing otherwise unobtainable trade goods for the monastery, and perhaps also military aid. What kind of settlement was Cork? ",What kind of settlement was Cork?, ecclesiastical +"From the facts presented in 'Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School, known as J. P. Widney High School is a special education magnet high school in Los Angeles, California, part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. This school is named in honor of Dr. Joseph Pomeroy Widney, a prominent early Los Angeles resident.' , decide if the statement: 'Dr. Joseph Pomeroy Widney went to Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Dr. Joseph Pomeroy Widney went to Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School.,{ entailment } It is not stated that Dr. Joseph Pomeroy Widney went to Joseph Pomeroy Widney High School. +"From the information in: 'India, an enchanting country situated in the southern central peninsula of the Asian continent, covers over 3.28 million square kilometers.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'India covers a little less than 3.3 million square kilometers.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",India covers a little less than 3.3 million square kilometers.,"{ contradiction } Based on the text, India covers 3.28 million square kilometers, which is a little less than 3.3 million square kilometers, therefore the statement is correct. I think the system got confused because in the statement there was a number that was not mentioned in the text." +"With the given context: 'High Fidelity is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Frears. It stars John Cusack, Iben Hjejle, Jack Black, Todd Louiso, and Lisa Bonet. The film is based on the 1995 British novel of the same name by Nick Hornby, with the setting moved from London to Chicago and the name of the lead character changed.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'High Fidelity the book was based in London but the movie was not.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",High Fidelity the book was based in London but the movie was not.,{ contradiction } The movie was based in Chicago. This is correct. +" Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop ""larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells"". How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty? ",How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty?, increase in both size and capacity +"With the premise: 'Spy Corps is a spy film for Christian families that was written and directed by J David Baker. It stars Sarah Beth Hill as a fearful high school teenager, and Adam Hale as a secret member of the Reserve Spy Training Corps, a training program for high school students who want to pursue a career as a spy.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Spy Corps was not meant to be secular.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Spy Corps was not meant to be secular.,{ neutral } Spy Corps is religious in context +" Schwarzenegger's early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver's licenses being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that ""no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you"". The U.S. Supreme Court later found the public employee unions' use of compulsory fundraising during the campaign had been illegal in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000. In what month of 2005 did Schwarzenegger hold a special election? ",In what month of 2005 did Schwarzenegger hold a special election?, November +"Analyze the premise: 'Sir Eric James Neal AC CVO FTSE HonFAIB (born 24 June 1924) is a retired Australian businessman and public officer. He is a former Governor of South Australia (1996-2001), Commissioner of Sydney (1987-1988) and Chancellor of Flinders University (2002-2010).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Sir James Neal has been involved in politics for many years' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sir James Neal has been involved in politics for many years,"{ neutral } As a retired public officer, former Governor, Commissioner, and Chancellor he has, indeed, been involved in politics for a long time. The model probably doesn't understand 'many years'" +" along with two inequality systems expressing economic efficiency. In this model, the (transposed) probability vector p represents the prices of the goods while the probability vector q represents the ""intensity"" at which the production process would run. The unique solution λ represents the growth factor which is 1 plus the rate of growth of the economy; the rate of growth equals the interest rate. Proving the existence of a positive growth rate and proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann. What is the rate of qrowth equal to? ",What is the rate of qrowth equal to?, rate of growth equals the interest rate +" Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a] In what month of the year does Richmond's chilliest weather typically end? ",In what month of the year does Richmond's chilliest weather typically end?, February +"Examine the premise: 'John Garman ""J. G."" Hertzler Jr. (born March 18, 1950) is an American actor, author, screenwriter, and activist best known for his role on """" as the Klingon General (and later Chancellor) Martok, whom he portrayed from 1995 until the series' end in 1999.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Hertzler was born in the third month.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Hertzler was born in the third month.,{ contradiction } Hertzler was born in March. The system was confused by the month. +"Analyze the premise: 'Rav Wilding (born 16 October 1977) is a British television presenter, whose former professions include security guard at Harrods, soldier, police officer and from June 2004 to December 2011 was a presenter on ""Crimewatch"". He has presented ""Crimewatch Roadshow"" since 2009.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Rav Wilding will turn 42 this October' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rav Wilding will turn 42 this October,{ neutral } The system has trouble distinguishing current year distance from the stated date +" The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After conquests in the Balkans by Murad I between 1362 and 1389, the Ottoman sultanate was transformed into a transcontinental empire and claimant to the caliphate. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror. Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire? ",Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire?, Murad I +"Analyze the premise: 'The Oxford Companion to Beer, abbreviated OCB, is a book in the series of Oxford Companions published by Oxford University Press. The book provides an alphabetically arranged reference to beer, compiled and edited by Garrett Oliver with a foreword by U.S. chef Tom Colicchio. Published in 2011, the work draws on 166 contributors from 24 countries to amass over 1,100 entries on beer.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The Oxford Companion to Beer was published 11 years after the start of the 21st century' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Oxford Companion to Beer was published 11 years after the start of the 21st century,"{ contradiction } It was published in 2011, that is eleven years after the start of the century, so my statement is correct" +"Consider the premise in: 'Rebel ""Reb"" Porter is a retired American public address (PA) announcer who worked for the Indiana Pacers basketball team of the NBA until retiring in 2010. Porter also worked as an announcer/disk jockey for the legendary WIFE (AM-1310) in Indianapolis during that station's heyday in the 1960s.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Porter still watches the Indiana Pacers.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Porter still watches the Indiana Pacers.,{ contradiction } It is unknown if Porter watches the Indiana Pacers still. The system was confused by the context in the narrative. +" Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea. Along with shales, what is most of the city built on? ","Along with shales, what is most of the city built on?", Upper Devonian slates +" Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a closed platform subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the PC as an open platform. Markus ""Notch"" Persson (creator of the indie game Minecraft), Gabe Newell (co-founder of Valve Corporation and developer of software distribution platform Steam), and Rob Pardo from Activision Blizzard voiced concern about the closed nature of the Windows Store. However, Tom Warren of The Verge stated that Microsoft's addition of the Store was simply responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the ""curated application store approach."" Who criticized Microsofts closed platform Windows Store? ",Who criticized Microsofts closed platform Windows Store?, video game developers +" In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories. IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touching the medium itself, but cannot read vertically modulated information. This excludes grooved recordings such as cylinders and some radio transcriptions that feature a hill-and-dale format of recording, and stereophonic or quadraphonic grooved recordings, which utilize a combination of the two as well as supersonic encoding for quadraphonic. Where was IRENE developed? ",Where was IRENE developed?, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories +"Examine the premise: 'Lost Cat
John got home from work one day to find his cat missing. He looked for him everywhere. Eventually he realized that his cat had escaped. He went outside and called for him. John's cat eventually came up running and they were reunited.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'John looked for the cat everywhere but the was not sure.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",John looked for the cat everywhere but the was not sure.,{ entailment } John was looking for the cat everywhere but we don't know about his feelings. +" Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive producer Nigel Lythgoe indicated that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale. How many votes were cast during the final week? ",How many votes were cast during the final week?, 24 million +"Analyze the premise: 'How to catch a moth
Learn about moth behavior. Acquaint yourself with moth behavior before you begin catching the insects. This may help you more effectively catch a moth or moths.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'You can only catch a single moth, not more than one. ' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","You can only catch a single moth, not more than one. ","{ neutral } It talked about catching moths which would be more than one, so you can catch more than one. " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Goodlettsville is a city in Davidson and Sumner counties, Tennessee. Goodlettsville was incorporated as a city in 1958 with a population of just over 3,000 residents; at the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 15,921 and in 2015 the population was 16,994. Goodlettsville chose to remain autonomous in 1963 when the city of Nashville merged with the government of Davidson County.' . Does the hypothesis: 'after being founded in the 50's, with a minimal resident population, the population slowy increased in the later 2000's' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","after being founded in the 50's, with a minimal resident population, the population slowy increased in the later 2000's","{ neutral } it states the city was founded in the 1950's and has a very small population that was slowly increased and as of the 2015 census there are 16,994 residents" +"From the facts presented in 'Stephen R. ""Steve"" Bissette (born March 14, 1955) is an American comics artist, editor, and publisher with a focus on the horror genre. He is known for working with writer Alan Moore and inker John Totleben on the DC comic book ""Swamp Thing"" in the 1980s.' , decide if the statement: 'Steve Bissette draws, edits, and publishes Swamp Thing.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Steve Bissette draws, edits, and publishes Swamp Thing.",{ entailment } The information is not specific and the system only knows he has done these things at some level. +"Given the detailed context: 'I wonder how he expects us to put forward a strong position on these issues if we are not part of the World Trade Organization or if we were not in a position, with meetings like Seattle, where we can pull together different countries from around the world that have a similar position to ours.', judge whether the statement: 'Other different countries definitely have a similar position to the group that includes the speaker' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Other different countries definitely have a similar position to the group that includes the speaker,{ neutral } The text says that there are other countries that they want to pull together that have a similar position to theirs +" During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs. What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs? ",What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?, 2004–2007 +"Given the premise: 'The Volkswagen Polo Mk3 is the third generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini car and was produced from 1994 until late 1999 and some models in 2000. It was available in hatchback, sedan and wagon body styles. It shared the same platform and initially a similar design as the contemporaneous Seat Ibiza (hatchback) and Seat Córdoba (sedan and wagon) models.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The contemporaneous Seat Ibiza (hatchback) and Seat Córdoba (sedan and wagon) models were produced from 1994 until late 1999 and some models in 2000.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The contemporaneous Seat Ibiza (hatchback) and Seat Córdoba (sedan and wagon) models were produced from 1994 until late 1999 and some models in 2000.,"{ entailment } The context only specifies that the Seat cars shared the same platform and design but not necessarily the same exact production years. Therefore, my statement is neither correct nor definitely incorrect. " +"Given the premise: 'Eme 15 (also stylized as ""EME XV"" and ""M-15"") were a Mexican Latin pop band composed of the six lead actors from the 2012 Nickelodeon Latin America television series ""Miss XV"". The band was formed for the series in Mexico City by Televisa by producer Pedro Damián in August 2011. Music for the band's album was produced and written by Carlos Lara and former pop-rock singer Lynda Thomas.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'EME 15 is based in north america.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",EME 15 is based in north america.,{ contradiction } Mexico is in North America. the system was programmed to accept mexico and not North America in general. +" The Ottoman Islamic legal system was set up differently from traditional European courts. Presiding over Islamic courts would be a Qadi, or judge. Since the closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation, Qadis throughout the Ottoman Empire focused less on legal precedent, and more with local customs and traditions in the areas that they administered. However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor. At what juncture did the Qadi focus less on precedent? ",At what juncture did the Qadi focus less on precedent?," closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation " +" Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's ""Hemorrhage (In My Hands)"" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of ""I Walk the Line"" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result. Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line? ",Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line?, Chris Daughtry +"Given the premise: 'Englandsfarere (English: We Leave for England ) is a 1946 Norwegian war film directed by Toralf Sandø, starring Knut Wigert and Jørn Ording. The film follows the Norwegian resistance fighters Harald (Wigert) and Arild (Ording) in their flight from the Gestapo.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The film was directed by Toralf Sand' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The film was directed by Toralf Sand,{ entailment } The statement is incorrect because it was written by Toralf Sando not Toralf Sand. The model might have problems recognizing spelling +"Given the premise: 'The Basilica Cistern (Turkish: ""Yerebatan Sarnıcı – ""Cistern Sinking Into Ground"""" ), is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns that lie beneath the city of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey. The cistern, located 500 ft southwest of the Hagia Sophia on the historical peninsula of Sarayburnu, was built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Basilica Cistern was not built within the last 50 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Basilica Cistern was not built within the last 50 years.,"{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because it was built in the 6th century, much more than 50 years ago. I think it's difficult for the system because the statement was framed in the negative, which confused it." +"Using the premise: 'The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees is the fifth studio album by The Monkees released in April 1968. It was the first Monkees album not to reach Billboard's number one, peaking at No. 3 in the U.S. charts. It was also their first album to miss the UK charts altogether, with their four previous efforts all having reached the top ten. The album has sold over a million copies.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees was by a group of people who likely understood music' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees was by a group of people who likely understood music",{ neutral } doe snot assume band members knew about music +" On 4 January 2016, Barcelona's transfer ban ended. The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team. On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis Enrique’s Barcelona broke the club's record of 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions set by Guardiola’s team in the 2010–11 season, with a 1–1 draw with Valencia in the second leg of the 2015–16 Copa del Rey. What event in February did Barcelona qualify for for the sixth time? ",What event in February did Barcelona qualify for for the sixth time?, Copa del Rey final +" In the late 14th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great reformed the Grand Duchy's army: instead of calling all men to arms, he created forces comprising professional warriors—bajorai (""nobles""; see the cognate ""boyar""). As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas trained suitable men, relieving them of labor on the land and of other duties; for their military service to the Grand Duke, they were granted land that was worked by hired men (veldams). The newly formed noble families generally took up, as their family names, the Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors; this was the case with the Goštautai, Radvilos, Astikai, Kęsgailos and others. These families were granted their coats of arms under the Union of Horodlo (1413). vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors? ",vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?, bajorai +"Examine the premise: 'Robbie Coltrane, OBE (born Anthony Robert McMillan; 30 March 1950) is a Scottish actor and author. He is known for his roles as Rubeus Hagrid in the ""Harry Potter"" films, as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films ""GoldenEye"" and ""The World Is Not Enough,"" and as Dr. Eddie ""Fitz"" Fitzgerald in the British TV series ""Cracker"" during the 1990s.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The ""Harry Potter"" films were released in 2003.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The ""Harry Potter"" films were released in 2003.",{ contradiction } The release date of the Harry Potter films cannot be derived from the information given. +"Using the premise: 'Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana, known locally as Pepe's, is a popular pizza restaurant in the Wooster Square neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut, at 163 Wooster Street. Opened in 1925, it is one of the oldest and best known pizzerias in the United States.' , decide if the conclusion: 'New Haven is smaller than Connecticut.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",New Haven is smaller than Connecticut.,"{ neutral } New Haven is in Connecticut, which means it is smaller [both in size and population] because it is a 'subset' of the state. The algorithm might not understand that, given it just says 'New Haven, Connecticut'." +"Examine the premise: 'Major General Senén Casas Regueiro (30 July 1934 in Bombí - 6 August 1996) was a Cuban politician. He was the Cuban Minister of Transportation from 1989 till his death. He was also the First Deputy Minister of Defence and the Chief of Staff of the Cuban Army. He was a brother of another Cuban politician Julio Casas Regueiro.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Regueiro was born in the year after 1932.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Regueiro was born in the year after 1932.,{ entailment } Regueiro was born in 1934. The system was confused by the year. +"From the information in: 'Elisa Albert (born July 2, 1978) is the author of the short story collection ""How this Night is Different (Free Press, 2006)"", the novels ""The Book of Dahlia (Free Press, 2008)"" and ""After Birth (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015)"", and an anthology, ""Freud's Blind Spot: Writers on Siblings (Free Press, 2010)"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Elisa Albert only wrote three publications in the 21st century.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Elisa Albert only wrote three publications in the 21st century.,{ neutral } I don't think the system recognized that the given statement contained 4 different publications by the author. This is one more than the three I mentioned in my statement. +"Examine the information in 'Big Data is an American electronic music project created by producer, Alan Wilkis. Big Data is best known for its single ""Dangerous"", featuring Joywave, which reached number one on the ""Billboard"" Alternative Songs chart in August 2014, and was certified gold by the RIAA in May 2015.' Is the statement: 'Big Data was certified gold by the RIAA in August 2014' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Big Data was certified gold by the RIAA in August 2014,{ entailment } Big Data was certified gold in May 2015. I think the system got it wrong because I stuck to dates and figures found in the context +"With the given context: 'Nicola or Niccolo Massaro (died 1704) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active in his native city of Naples. He painted mainly marine vedute and landscapes in the style of his master, Salvatore Rosa. One of his colleagues was Marzio Masturzo. One of his pupils was Gaetano Martoriello, and Massaro's son's Girolamo and Gennaro.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Massaro had one son.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Massaro had one son.,{ entailment } Massaro had at least two sons. The system was confused by the wording. +"Examine the information in '""Paint It Black"" (originally released as ""Paint It, Black"") is a song by the English rock band The Rolling Stones, written by the songwriting partnership of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, and first released as a single on 6 May 1966. It was later included as the opening track to the US version of their 1966 album, ""Aftermath"".' Is the statement: 'Mick Jagger sold Paint It Black to The Rolling Stones' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Mick Jagger sold Paint It Black to The Rolling Stones,{ contradiction } It is unknown how The Rolling Stones acquired the song Paint It Black +"Consider the premise in: 'Lindenhurst Senior High School (LSHS) is a public high school in Lindenhurst, New York on the South Shore of Long Island. The high school is the sole high school of the Lindenhurst Union Free School District, which includes the Village of Lindenhurst and North Lindenhurst.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'LSHS is in new york city' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",LSHS is in new york city,{ neutral } The context said that it was in long island which is not in the city. +" In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. Nevertheless, there are a number of very tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the European Union. What is the European Union's tallest building? ",What is the European Union's tallest building?, Shard London Bridge +"Consider the premise in: 'Manila Calling is a 1942 American black-and-white World War II propaganda war film drama from 20th Century Fox, produced by Sol M. Wurtzel, directed by Herbert I. Leeds, that stars Lloyd Nolan, Carole Landis, Cornel Wilde, James Gleason, Lester Matthews, Louis Jean Heydt, and Ted North.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The film was set in 1942.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The film was set in 1942.,"{ entailment } The film came out in 1942, but wasn't necessarily set in that year. It could have been a historical drama." +"Based on the details provided in: '""Beez in the Trap"" is a song by rapper Nicki Minaj for her second studio album, """" (2012). It was written by Minaj, Maurice Jordan, and 2 Chainz, who contributed a guest verse to the song, while production was handled by Kenoe. The track was released as the album's third single on May 29, 2012 following ""Starships"" and ""Right by My Side"".' , determine if the claim: 'Beez in the Trap was released exactly ten years after the year 2002' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Beez in the Trap was released exactly ten years after the year 2002,"{ contradiction } It was released in 2012, that is ten years after 2002, so my statement is correct" +"From the facts presented in 'When a ship is purchased for importing and exporting goods, a ship management team is required to maintain and operate the vessels. The function of the management team is to provide the owner with support throughout the occupancy or charter of the vessel. Vessels can range in sizes and function.' , decide if the statement: 'a ship management team repairs toys.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",a ship management team repairs toys.,{ neutral } a ship management team repairs phones. +"With the given context: 'In field hockey, a penalty stroke, sometimes known as a penalty flick, is the most severe penalty given. It is predominantly awarded when a foul has prevented a certain goal from being scored or for a deliberate infringement by a defender in the penalty circle.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The penalty circle in field hockey contains more than one defender.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The penalty circle in field hockey contains more than one defender.,"{ entailment } The context does not give information on what a penalty circle is, just that a defender is in one. Therefore it may have one defender, or may have more. The AI system may not have enough information to understand, as the context is more focused on what a a penalty stroke is." +" In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, ""This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done."" After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: ""I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way."" Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: ""Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill."" After securing the role of Evita, what kind of training did Madonna have? ","After securing the role of Evita, what kind of training did Madonna have?", vocal training +"From the facts presented in 'James Carlos Agravante Yap Sr. (born February 15, 1982) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known by his nickname Big Game James, he had played for the Star Hotshots for twelve seasons winning seven PBA championships before being traded on 2016. He is also a twelve-time PBA All-Star through 2004 to 2015.' , decide if the statement: 'James Carlos has not played in the USA.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",James Carlos has not played in the USA.,{ entailment } It is unknown if James Carlos ever played in the USA. The system was confused by the context. +"From the facts presented in 'How to get your cat to tolerate a bath
Begin bathing your cat when they are a kitten. Introduce your cat to the water when they are still a kitten so they can get accustomed to bathing. [substeps] You should also let your cat get used to being in the sink or the tub a few weeks before you bathe them.' , decide if the statement: 'a cat is smaller than an elephant' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",a cat is smaller than an elephant,{ contradiction } a cat is definitely smaller than an elephant +"Given the detailed context: 'Roberto Cammarelle (born 30 July 1980) is an Italian boxer, best known for winning the World Amateur Boxing Championships in 2007 (Chicago) and 2009 (Milan) as a super heavyweight and a gold medal at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. He won a silver medal in 2012 London Olympics Games, losing to Anthony Joshua, by a contested jury's decision that was unsuccessfully appealed.', judge whether the statement: 'Roberto Cammarelle was born in Italy' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Roberto Cammarelle was born in Italy,{ entailment } System does not comprehend that just because Roberto Cammarelle is Italian does not necessarily mean he was born in Italy +" All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Boucher reflected that, ""Superman and DC Comics instantly seemed like boring old Pat Boone; Marvel felt like The Beatles and the British Invasion. It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"" What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section? ",What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section?, Spider-Man and the Hulk +"Given the premise: 'The Wire is an American crime drama television series set and produced in Baltimore, Maryland. Created and primarily written by author and former police reporter David Simon, the series was broadcast by the cable network HBO in the United States. ""The Wire"" premiered on June 2, 2002, and ended on March 9, 2008, comprising 60 episodes over five seasons.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Wire premiered after June 3rd, 2002.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The Wire premiered after June 3rd, 2002.","{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because June 2nd, 2002 is not after June 3rd, 2002. The dates are close enough to trick the system." +" The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a body cavity, as are their closest relatives, the microscopic Gastrotricha. The other platyzoan phyla are mostly microscopic and pseudocoelomate. The most prominent are the Rotifera or rotifers, which are common in aqueous environments. They also include the Acanthocephala or spiny-headed worms, the Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and possibly the Cycliophora. These groups share the presence of complex jaws, from which they are called the Gnathifera. What are the flatworms closest relative? ",What are the flatworms closest relative?, Gastrotricha +" Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted. How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly? ",How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?," 1,500 " +"Analyze the premise: 'Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Stephen Williams quit playing football due to an injury.,{ contradiction } I have no idea why he quit playing and the system didn't have any additional information so the system didn't know how to answer. +" Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on.:4.1 What base does guanine pair with? ",What base does guanine pair with?, cytosine +"Examine the premise: 'On August 19, 1999, I received a letter from Dr. Chopra in which he states that, ""I mentioned that all these actions were the direct consequence of my testimony, which I was requested (required) to give before the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry for its bovine growth hormone rBST investigations.""' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Dr. Chopra received a letter on August 19.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Dr. Chopra received a letter on August 19.,{ entailment } Dr. Chopra mailed the letter. He didn't receive it. +" In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of ""dignity, glory, and freedom"" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. Where did Nasser apply in 1937? ",Where did Nasser apply in 1937?, Royal Military Academy +"Examine the information in 'How to take care of chickens
Check your local laws and regulations on keeping chickens. Some municipalities will not allow you to keep chickens, or they might have some strict rules on keeping them. Before you start spending money on chickens and supplies, take the time to search your local laws and regulations online.' Is the statement: 'the county does not have any requirement or regulation on chicken keeping.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",the county does not have any requirement or regulation on chicken keeping.,"{ contradiction } it is definitely incorrect as ome municipalities will not allow you to keep chickens, or they might have some strict rules on keeping them" +"Given the detailed context: 'That time John Grisham defended men who watch child porn John Grisham's disturbing statements defending child porn consumers are coming back to haunt him. In a bizarre 2014 interview, the best-selling author said most men who watch kiddie porn are... John Grisham's bizarre defense of kiddie porn viewers ""We've got prisons now filled with guys my age, 60-year-old white men, in prison, who have never harmed anyone,” the best-selling author said.', judge whether the statement: 'John Grisham watches kiddie porn.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",John Grisham watches kiddie porn.,"{ contradiction } The statement said John Grisham defended people who watched kiddie porn, but did not state that he himself watches it. I said that he does, assuming that if he is defending others who do it then he must do it himself. However, this could be correct or incorrect as it's an assumption." +" Alloys are often made to alter the mechanical properties of the base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure. These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized. However, some alloys can also have their properties altered by heat treatment. Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling. Many alloys of aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does. Aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened by? ","Aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened by?", heat treatment +"Analyze the premise: 'A Faust Symphony in three character pictures (German: ""Eine Faust-Symphonie in drei Charakterbildern"" ), S.108, or simply the ""Faust Symphony"", was written by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt and was inspired by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's drama, ""Faust"". The symphony was premiered in Weimar on September 5, 1857, for the inauguration of the Goethe–Schiller Monument there.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The symphony premiered a century after Goethe's death' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The symphony premiered a century after Goethe's death,{ entailment } It does not say when Goethe died. I think the system got it wrong because I introduced a new concept +"Consider the premise in: 'Iscor, the South African iron and steel manufacturer, has announced plans to develop a steel mini-mill at Saldanha Bay on the country's west coast in partnership with the state-run industrial development Corporation.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Iscor is a kind individual' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Iscor is a kind individual,"{ neutral } Iscor is a company, not a person" +" The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines. In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end? ",In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end?, November +" In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts ""Bike Miami"", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami. This is the longest-running such event in the US. In October 2009, the city also approved an extensive 20-year plan for bike routes and paths around the city. The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009. Who was a recent mayor of Miami? ",Who was a recent mayor of Miami?, Manny Diaz +" A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. It was an early backer of what ",It was an early backer of what , The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Sukanya Chor Charoenying (born 24 November 1987) is a Thai women's international footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. She is a member of the Thailand women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level she plays for Air Force United in Thailand.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sukanya played mens football.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sukanya played mens football.,{ neutral } She played women's football. +" Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed- What general received the surrender of Richmond? ",What general received the surrender of Richmond?, Godfrey Weitzel +" Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasius used ""Arian"" to describe both followers of Arius, and as a derogatory polemical term for Christians who disagreed with his formulation of the Trinity. Athanasius called many of his opponents ""Arian"", except for Miletus. Was Athanasius well liked by everyone? ",Was Athanasius well liked by everyone?, many detractors +"Examine the information in 'Chun Myung-hoon (born April 6, 1978) is a South Korean singer, rapper, actor and television presenter. He was a member of boy band NRG. He released his single, ""Welcome To The Jungle"" on October 19, 2012. He is well known for a cast member on several TV shows include ""Girl Spirit"".' Is the statement: 'He was a member of boy band NRG. He quit the band and joined another band soon after' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",He was a member of boy band NRG. He quit the band and joined another band soon after,{ contradiction } He mayor may not have quit the band and joined another band. +"From the facts presented in 'Anti-Dühring (German: ""Herrn Eugen Dührings Umwälzung der Wissenschaft"" , ""Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science"") is a book by Friedrich Engels, first published in German in 1878. It had previously been serialised in a periodical. There were two further German editions in Engels' lifetime. ""Anti-Dühring"" was first published in English translation in 1907.' , decide if the statement: 'Anti-Duhring has had a total of four publications worldwide.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Anti-Duhring has had a total of four publications worldwide.,"{ neutral } Anti-Duhring had three publications in German, and one publication in English for a total of four publications. I believe the AI was unable to add each different publication to come up with a total." +" Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention. Where is corruption most noticeable? ",Where is corruption most noticeable?, countries with the smallest per capita incomes +"Examine the premise: 'The ceasefire declaration by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and its immediate rejection by the government have emphasised the starkness of the situation in which the guerrilla group finds itself, 37 years after first taking up arms for the cause of a Tamil homeland and 26 years after the start of all-out war. Masters of communication, the Tigers were quick to disseminate their message to journalists all over Colombo and overseas, too. But to many it seemed like a cry of desperation from the losing side.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam were going to lose.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam were going to lose.,{ neutral } it said that they were the losing side so they were going to lose. +"With the given context: 'Stanley Donwood (born 29 October 1968) is the pen name of English artist and writer Dan Rickwood. He is best known for his work with the English alternative rock band Radiohead, having created all of their album and poster art since 1994, often in collaboration with Radiohead singer Thom Yorke. He also creates artwork for Yorke's solo albums and Yorke's band Atoms for Peace.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Stanley Donwood is best known for his work with Thom Yorke's Atoms for Peace' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Stanley Donwood is best known for his work with Thom Yorke's Atoms for Peace,{ neutral } Stanley Donwood is best known for his work with Radiohead. I think the system had difficulty because the statement is almost correct if the band name is swapped +"From the information in: 'Waterloo Corner is a rural/urban suburb approximately 22 kilometres north of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. Most of the land is used for agricultural purposes, including wheat, olives, grapes and tomatoes. Port Wakefield Road, and thus a lot of heavy freight, traverses the suburb.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Waterloo Corner is not only considered to be urban, it is also considered to be something else as well' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Waterloo Corner is not only considered to be urban, it is also considered to be something else as well","{ neutral } complexity of statement seems to have confused system, when I said this in a more simplistic manner it understood corectly" +" Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération. In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built? ",In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built?, 12th +"Examine the information in 'Rona Munro (born 7 September 1959) is a Scottish writer. She has written plays for theatre, radio, and television. Her film work includes Ken Loach's ""Ladybird, Ladybird"" (1994), ""Oranges and Sunshine"" (2010) for Jim Loach and ""Aimée & Jaguar"" (1999), co-authored by German director Max Färberböck.' Is the statement: 'She's been writing for film for over 15 years.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",She's been writing for film for over 15 years.,"{ neutral } Her first film screenplay was written in 1994, the last one in the example was 2010. That calculates over 15 years." +"With the given context: 'Libya TV (also known as Libya Al Ahrar TV) is a Libyan TV channel broadcast by satellite from its headquarters in Doha. The channel was created in 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. Its presents news, opinions, analysis, photo and video reports about Libya in specific and the region in a wider scope. It focuses on Libya’s revolution and future toward building a democratic state.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Libya TV's headquarters are in Libya.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Libya TV's headquarters are in Libya.,{ contradiction } Libya TV's headquarters are in are in Africa. +" Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting, with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions vary for their particular foods. ""The nitrogen content of plant tissues averages about 2%, while in fungi, animals, and bacteria it averages about 5% to 10%."" Many herbivores rely on bacterial fermentation to create digestible nutrients from indigestible plant cellulose, while obligate carnivores must eat animal meats to obtain certain vitamins or nutrients their bodies cannot otherwise synthesize. All animals' diets must provide sufficient amounts of the basic building blocks they need, up to the point where their particular biology can synthesize the rest. Animal tissue contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds in turn consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All of these chemical compounds and elements occur in various forms and combinations (e.g. hormones, vitamins, phospholipids, hydroxyapatite). What percentage of nitrogen content is generally found in fungi? ",What percentage of nitrogen content is generally found in fungi?, 5% to 10% +"Reflect on the information in: 'Dean Muhtadi (born July 17, 1986) is an American professional wrestler and former defensive lineman currently signed to WWE under the ring name Mojo Rawley, performing on the SmackDown brand. He is the winner of the 2017 André the Giant Memorial Trophy after winning the titular Battle Royal match at WrestleMania 33.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Dean Muhtadi is definitely not still alive' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Dean Muhtadi is definitely not still alive,{ contradiction } does not read dates and make appropriate assumptions +" If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driving cars go even further. Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker. Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping. What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector? ",What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?, a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system +"Reflect on the information in: 'Jamia Naeemia Lahore is an Islamic University in Lahore associated with the Sunni Barelvi movement. It was founded by Mufti Muhammad Husain Naeemi, father of Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi. It serves as largest Sunni institution for the Barelvi movement in Pakistan.' . Does the hypothesis: 'There are no smaller Sunni institutions for the Barelvi movement in Pakistan than Jamia Naeemia Lahore.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",There are no smaller Sunni institutions for the Barelvi movement in Pakistan than Jamia Naeemia Lahore.,"{ entailment } It says that it is the largest institution, so there must be smaller ones." +" Most modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many could not be moved at all. With the diversification of air defence there has been much more emphasis on mobility. Most modern systems are usually either self-propelled (i.e. guns or missiles are mounted on a truck or tracked chassis) or easily towed. Even systems that consist of many components (transporter/erector/launchers, radars, command posts etc.) benefit from being mounted on a fleet of vehicles. In general, a fixed system can be identified, attacked and destroyed whereas a mobile system can show up in places where it is not expected. Soviet systems especially concentrate on mobility, after the lessons learnt in the Vietnam war between the USA and Vietnam. For more information on this part of the conflict, see SA-2 Guideline. What are larger weapon systems usually mounted on? ",What are larger weapon systems usually mounted on?, trailers +"Reflect on the information in: 'Osgoode subway station has reopened after a suspicious package was deemed not dangerous, police say. Police received reports of a suspicious piece of luggage that was found just after 11:30 a.m. on Thursday. Members of the police service's chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence (CBRN) team arrived on scene and found nothing dangerous in the package. Regular service will resume on Line 1.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Line 1 was delayed.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Line 1 was delayed.,{ neutral } I'm correct. The statement said line 1 will resume meaning it was delayed. +" In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: black 47-xxxx popular series, yellow 47-xxxx juvenile series, green (teal) 48-xxxx country series, deep red 49-xxxx classical series, bright red (cerise) 50-xxxx blues/spiritual series, light blue 51-xxxx international series, dark blue 52-xxxx light classics. All colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems. However, yellow and deep red were continued until about 1952. The first 45 rpm record created for sale was ""PeeWee the Piccolo"" RCA 47-0147 pressed in yellow translucent vinyl at the Sherman Avenue plant, Indianapolis Dec. 7, 1948, R.O. Price, plant manager. How many colors were 45s available in when first released? ",How many colors were 45s available in when first released?, seven colors +" In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. How long does the identification process take? ",How long does the identification process take?, several days +" Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; ""Apology to Constantius"", the ""Apology for his Flight"", the ""Letter to the Monks"", and the ""History of the Arians"". Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia? ",Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia?, the Eusebian faction at Constantinople +" On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July 14, 2008. Until then, depositors would have access their insured deposits through ATMs, their existing checks, and their existing debit cards. Telephone and Internet account access was restored when the bank reopened. The FDIC guarantees the funds of all insured accounts up to US$100,000, and has declared a special advance dividend to the roughly 10,000 depositors with funds in excess of the insured amount, guaranteeing 50% of any amounts in excess of $100,000. Yet, even with the pending sale of Indymac to IMB Management Holdings, an estimated 10,000 uninsured depositors of Indymac are still at a loss of over $270 million. On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB? ","On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB?"," July 14, 2008 " +" Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues. With its 50.1 percent ownership of af2, the AFL's bankruptcy and dissolution prompted the dissolution of af2 as well. That league was formally considered disbanded on September 8, 2009, when no owner committed his or her team to the league's eleventh season by that deadline. For legal reasons, af2 league officials and owners agreed to form a new legal entity, Arena Football 1 (AF1), with former AFL teams the Arizona Rattlers and Orlando Predators joining the former af2. On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded? ",On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded?," September 8, 2009 " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale was a 1-hour 2006 BBC documentary on the life of Rudyard Kipling, particularly as relating to his loss of his son during the First World War. It was presented by Griff Rhys Jones and starred Peter Guinness as Kipling. It premiered on BBC One on Remembrance Sunday 2006.' , determine if the claim: 'Peter guinness is not Rudyard Kipling' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Peter guinness is not Rudyard Kipling,"{ contradiction } Peter Guinness is not Rudyard Kipling, Peter only portrayed him in film." +"Consider the premise in: 'The Mug
Sara loved drinking coffee. She bought a new mug that was really pretty. The first time she used it, she dropped it! Hot coffee splattered everywhere and the mug broke. Sara was so upset!' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Sara had to make another cup or not drink cofee' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Sara had to make another cup or not drink cofee,"{ neutral } She spilt her coffee, so she either made another cup or go without" +"Analyze the premise: 'The January 2014 United States blizzard was a fast-moving but disruptive blizzard that moved through the Northeast, mainly the Mid-Atlantic states, dumping up to 1 ft in areas around the New York City area. The storm also brought cold temperatures behind it, similar to a snowstorm earlier that month.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'January snowstorms move very quickly in the northeast.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",January snowstorms move very quickly in the northeast.,{ entailment } Theres no proof they move faster or slower than oyther storms. +" His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding. What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi? ",What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?, Yasser Arafat +"Considering the context: 'The Lectures of the Three Degrees in Craft Masonry are a series of manuals on Freemasonry that are arranged in the form of catechisms to be memorized. They cover rituals and symbolism associated with the three degrees of Craft Freemasonry in question and answer form. During the second half, the Lectures gradually ceased to be used regularly in English Lodges.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Lectures were used only in English Lodges.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Lectures were used only in English Lodges.,"{ contradiction } We only know that ""the Lectures gradually ceased to be used regularly in English Lodges"", so they were used in English Lodges, but whether exclusively is uncertain. The algorithm may be confused by the wording and that they ceased to be used." +" To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not to be confused with tree-free paper; this is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres; chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose. What is separated from the cellulose fibres? ",What is separated from the cellulose fibres?, lignin +" Aspiration varies with place of articulation. The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice-onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Aspiration alters with what? ",Aspiration alters with what?, place of articulation +"From the facts presented in 'The 1985 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. The season opener against Florida State was the last season opening loss until 2015.' , decide if the statement: 'The Nebraska Cornhuskers was established in 1985.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Nebraska Cornhuskers was established in 1985.,{ contradiction } It is unknown based on the context when the Nebraska Cornhuskers were established. +" Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň Region has soft water well-suited to making Pilsner (pale lager), such as Pilsner Urquell. The waters of Burton in England contain gypsum, which benefits making pale ale to such a degree that brewers of pale ales will add gypsum to the local water in a process known as Burtonisation. What is the main ingredient in beer? ",What is the main ingredient in beer?, water +" Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília. The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the National Congress (Congresso Nacional); and the Judicial branch, represented by the Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal). It is a tourist attraction in Brasília, designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer as a place where the three branches would meet harmoniously. Who designed the Praça dos Três Poderes? ",Who designed the Praça dos Três Poderes?, Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer +"Given the premise: 'The Angel (Thomas Halloway, often shortened to Tom Halloway) is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by artist Paul Gustavson and an unconfirmed writer during the Golden Age of Comic Books, the Angel first appeared in ""Marvel Comics"" #1 (Oct. 1939), the first publication of Marvel Comics' predecessor, Timely Comics.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Angel is an unpopular superhero.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Angel is an unpopular superhero.,"{ contradiction } No where the provided info is The Angel's popularity discussed, meaning my statement could be true or false. The machine might not understand because it doesn't understand that just having a superhero in a comic doesn't guarantee popularity." +" Victoria later described her childhood as ""rather melancholy"". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called ""Kensington System"", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home. What was the Kensington System? ",What was the Kensington System?, an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess +"From the information in: '""What's in It for Me"" is a song written by Gary Burr and John Jarrard, and recorded by American country music artist John Berry. It was released in June 1994 as the fourth single from the album ""John Berry"". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the Canadian ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Gary Burr wrote some lyrics for the album ""John Barry""' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Gary Burr wrote some lyrics for the album ""John Barry""",{ contradiction } Gary Burr wrote lyrics for a song that appeared on the album therefore he wrote lyrics that appeared on the album +" As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their ""Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers"" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 ""Hottest MC in the Game."" On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists. How many Grammies has Kanye won as of 2013? ",How many Grammies has Kanye won as of 2013?, 21 +" The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season? ",What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?, near the equator +"Given the premise: 'The Tiki Bar is Open was singer-songwriter John Hiatt's sixteenth album, released in 2001. It was his last album with Vanguard Records. Although they are uncredited, the album features backing band The Goners, the same cadre of friends who backed Hiatt in his 1988 release Slow Turning. It was coincidentally released on September 11, 2001.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Tiki Bar was made after the 20th century' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Tiki Bar was made after the 20th century,{ contradiction } does not understand the concept of different centuries +" Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis. Where are regulations published? ",Where are regulations published?, in the Federal Register +" Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. The history of copper metallurgy is thought to have followed the following sequence: 1) cold working of native copper, 2) annealing, 3) smelting, and 4) the lost wax method. In southeastern Anatolia, all four of these metallurgical techniques appears more or less simultaneously at the beginning of the Neolithic c. 7500 BC. However, just as agriculture was independently invented in several parts of the world, copper smelting was invented locally in several different places. It was probably discovered independently in China before 2800 BC, in Central America perhaps around 600 AD, and in West Africa about the 9th or 10th century AD. Investment casting was invented in 4500–4000 BC in Southeast Asia and carbon dating has established mining at Alderley Edge in Cheshire, UK at 2280 to 1890 BC. Ötzi the Iceman, a male dated from 3300–3200 BC, was found with an axe with a copper head 99.7% pure; high levels of arsenic in his hair suggest his involvement in copper smelting. Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting led to the discovery of iron smelting. Production in the Old Copper Complex in Michigan and Wisconsin is dated between 6000 and 3000 BC. Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed] Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting? ",Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting?, iron smelting +"With the premise: '""Gang Up"" is a song recorded by American rappers Young Thug, 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa and PnB Rock. The track was commissioned for the of the 2017 action film ""The Fate of the Furious"". ""Gang Up"" was released on March 24, 2017, as the soundtrack's fourth single in the United States.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Gang Up was written specifically for the movie The Fate of the Furious' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Gang Up was written specifically for the movie The Fate of the Furious,{ neutral } It states it was commissioned for the film. The bot probably does not recognize the varying meanings and contexts of commissioned. +"Examine the premise: 'Most of the life of Petko Kiryakov was not unveiled by historians but by the prominent Bulgarian writer Nikolai Haitov, who wrote a novel and a script which was turned into a TV series, which became a favourite of most Bulgarians.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Nikolai was uniformed of Mr Kiryakov' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Nikolai was uniformed of Mr Kiryakov,{ neutral } It mentions that he wrote of Kiryakov and we know about his life from him +" As a god of archery, Apollo was known as Aphetor (/əˈfiːtər/ ə-FEE-tər; Ἀφήτωρ, Aphētōr, from ἀφίημι, ""to let loose"") or Aphetorus (/əˈfɛtərəs/ ə-FET-ər-əs; Ἀφητόρος, Aphētoros, of the same origin), Argyrotoxus (/ˌɑːrdʒᵻrəˈtɒksəs/ AR-ji-rə-TOK-səs; Ἀργυρότοξος, Argyrotoxos, literally ""with silver bow""), Hecaërgus (/ˌhɛkiˈɜːrɡəs/ HEK-ee-UR-gəs; Ἑκάεργος, Hekaergos, literally ""far-shooting""), and Hecebolus (/hᵻˈsɛbələs/ hi-SEB-ə-ləs; Ἑκηβόλος, Hekēbolos, literally ""far-shooting""). The Romans referred to Apollo as Articenens (/ɑːrˈtɪsᵻnənz/ ar-TISS-i-nənz; ""bow-carrying""). Apollo was called Ismenius (/ɪzˈmiːniəs/ iz-MEE-nee-əs; Ἰσμηνιός, Ismēnios, literally ""of Ismenus"") after Ismenus, the son of Amphion and Niobe, whom he struck with an arrow. As god of archery, Apollo was known by what name? ","As god of archery, Apollo was known by what name?", Aphetor +"Using the premise: 'On Sunday December 14, 2008, an Iraqi journalist for an Egyptian Newspaper named Muntazer al-Zaidi was tackled by authorities after he threw his shoes at former United States president George W. Bush during a press conference in Baghdad. Bush had made a surprise last visit to Iraq to sign a new security pact brokered by Iraq and the U.S. Bush ducked as the flying shoes zipped past him, barely missing the now former U.S. president.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The shoes barely hit the the president' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The shoes barely hit the the president,"{ entailment } This statement is definitely incorrect, because the shoes barely MISSED the president, not hit. The system may have been thrown off by the similar wording. " +"Considering the context: 'Banking in the United States is regulated by both the federal and state governments. The five largest banks in the United States at December 31, 2011 were JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, and Goldman Sachs. In December 2011, the five largest banks' assets were equal to 56 percent of the U.S. economy, compared with 43 percent five years earlier.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The five largest banks in America held 56 percent of the US economy in December 2011' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The five largest banks in America held 56 percent of the US economy in December 2011,"{ contradiction } Yes in December 2011, the five largest banks' assets were equal to 56 percent of the U.S. economy," +" Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, ""beaters"" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called ""drives"". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831. Why are assistants used? ",Why are assistants used?, help load shotguns +"From the facts presented in 'East of West is a monthly comic book series published by Image Comics which debuted in March 2013. Created by writer Jonathan Hickman and artist Nick Dragotta, the book is a science fiction Western set in a dystopian version of the United States whose fate rests with the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.' , decide if the statement: 'East of West is a monthly comic book series created by Image Comics which debuted in March 2013.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",East of West is a monthly comic book series created by Image Comics which debuted in March 2013.,"{ entailment } It is published by Image comics, they are not the creators." +" Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing ""the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since"". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: ""...though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution"". Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it ""with great Satisfaction"". Burke wrote of its reception: ""Not one word from one of our party. They are secretly galled. They agree with me to a title; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox. ... They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice"". Charles Burney viewed it as ""a most admirable book—the best & most useful on political subjects that I have ever seen"" but believed the differences in the Whig Party between Burke and Fox should not be aired publicly. How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt? ",How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?, galled +" The remaining band members recorded ""Independent Women Part I"", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. The album spawned other number-one hits, ""Bootylicious"" and the title track, ""Survivor"", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers. Independent Women Part I was on which 2000 film's soundtrack? ",Independent Women Part I was on which 2000 film's soundtrack?, Charlie's Angels. +"From the information in: 'Texas District 6 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves an area including four counties to the south of the Dallas/Fort Worth area plus the southeast corner of Tarrant County. As of the 2000 census, District 6 represents 651,620 people. The current Representative from District 6 is Joe Barton and has been since 1985.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'District 6 has not always been part of the Dallas Fort Worth area' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",District 6 has not always been part of the Dallas Fort Worth area,"{ entailment } It doesn't state whether or not district zones have ever changed, therefore it is impossible to determine whether district 6 has always been a part of the Dallas area or not" +"Given the premise: 'The José Celestino Mutis botanical garden is Colombia's biggest botanical garden. It serves both as a recreation and research center with an emphasis on Andean and Páramo ecosystems. The garden is located in Bogotá and features plants from every Colombian altitude, climate and region. It was founded in 1955, in honor of botanist and astronomer Jose Celestino Mutis.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'This botanical garden is outside south america' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",This botanical garden is outside south america,"{ entailment } Bogota, Colombia is in South America. System probably doesnt know this, but it is common knowledge" +" The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character. Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who? ",Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?, Field +" Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed] From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? ",From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?, High German +"With the premise: 'The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) said on Monday that repairing the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will cost up to €16.6 million or $21 million. The LHC, which is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator, is located near the border of France and Switzerland and crosses the border four times. It has a diameter of 27 km (17 miles). It is designed to simulate the conditions shortly after the Big Bang, but it broke down on September 19 due to an electrical failure.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The final repair cost was $20 million.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The final repair cost was $20 million.,{ contradiction } The statement is in the correct category because the value given in the excerpt is just an estimate of the cost before repairs began. There is no way to know the final cost because it is not given. The system may have had difficulty because it was not aware that the cost listed was not final. +" The Swingle Singers used nonsense words to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments. Like the other groups, examples of their music can be found on YouTube. Beatboxing, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized by the hip-hop community, where rap is often performed a cappella also. The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements. Petra Haden used a four-track recorder to produce an a cappella version of The Who Sell Out including the instruments and fake advertisements on her album Petra Haden Sings: The Who Sell Out in 2005. Haden has also released a cappella versions of Journey's ""Don't Stop Believin'"", The Beach Boys' ""God Only Knows"" and Michael Jackson's ""Thriller"". In 2009, Toyota commissioned Haden to perform three songs for television commercials for the third-generation Toyota Prius, including an a cappella version of The Bellamy Brothers' 1970s song ""Let Your Love Flow"".[citation needed] What is another term for beatboxing? ",What is another term for beatboxing?, vocal percussion +" After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993. In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory? ","In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory?", a union territory +"With the given context: 'Madina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album ""From Them, Through Us, to You"" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Madina Lake performs traditional rock music.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Madina Lake performs traditional rock music.,{ neutral } They perform alternative rock music. +" Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium. What does FIFA stand for? ",What does FIFA stand for?, International Federation of Association Football +"Reflect on the information in: 'The 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup will be the 22nd edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The 2019 U-20 World Cup will be the last U-20 World Cup.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The 2019 U-20 World Cup will be the last U-20 World Cup.,"{ entailment } We don't know what the future will hold for the competition, so it's possible that this is the final U-20. It's also distinctly possible it won't be. Either way the system was very confused. I think it doesn't understand the idea of biennial events, and how they're supposed to happen every two years, but in the real world they can theoretically be cancelled at any time. Time, in general, seems to be a problem for the system." +" Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine. What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave? ",What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?, operating its own customs and quarantine agency +"Based on the details provided in: 'If you’re an Austin Powers fan, you might have a sense of withdrawal, considering there hasn’t been another movie in the series since 2002’s Goldmember. Well now you can get a taste of the nostalgia thanks to Mike Myers. He stopped by Jimmy Fallon on Wednesday as Dr. Evil. Apparently, the diabolical mastermind was another person fired from Trump‘s cabinet. He went on to describe all the people who did evil-like things while he was there, including Steve Bannon and Ben Carson. Watch the hilarious bit for yourself in the clip below! Also On 101.1 The Wiz:' , determine if the claim: 'austin powers is never coming back' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",austin powers is never coming back,{ contradiction } it doesnt state whether the series will ever return or not +"Using the premise: 'The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (or VW ""Typ 1J"") is a compact car, the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. Launched in October 1997, it was the best selling car in Europe in 2001 (though it slipped to second place, behind the Peugeot 206, in 2002).' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Volkswagen Golf was the best selling car in the United States in 2001.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Volkswagen Golf was the best selling car in the United States in 2001.,{ contradiction } It is unknown how well the Volkswagen Golf sold in the United States and there is no information to prove whether the statement is definitely correct or definitely incorrect. +" The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages. What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam? ",What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?," to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream " +"From the facts presented in 'A grasshopper is a sweet, mint-flavored, after-dinner drink. The name of the drink derives from its green color, which comes from crème de menthe. The drink reputedly originated at Tujague's, a landmark bar in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, and was invented by its owner, Philip Guichet. The drink gained popularity during the 1950s and 1960s throughout the American South.' , decide if the statement: 'The grasshopper is known for it's strong alcoholic content, as well as it's mint taste.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","The grasshopper is known for it's strong alcoholic content, as well as it's mint taste.","{ contradiction } While the grasshopper is known for a mint taste, it's unclear what the alcoholic content of the grasshopper is. " +" West's outspoken views and ventures outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny for his conduct at award shows, on social media, and in other public settings. His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush ""doesn't care about black people"" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. West's efforts as a designer include collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013. He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas? ",What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas?, 2013 +"Using the premise: 'The 2015 J&T Banka Prague Open was a professional tennis tournaments played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament which was an International tournament on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place at the Sparta Prague Tennis Club in Prague, Czech Republic, from 27 April to 2 May 2015. This was the event's first edition as a WTA International tournament.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The J&T Prague Open lasted for more than a week in 2015.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The J&T Prague Open lasted for more than a week in 2015.,{ entailment } The tournaments only lasted for 6 days. I think that the system was unable to calculate the time frame. +"Given the premise: 'The traditionally teen-friendly app now counts 14% of smartphone users who are 35 or older as users, as compared to 67.5% of users ages 18 to 24. It remains to be seen whether the arrival of older users will be a turnoff for Snapchat’s core audience.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'There are more users who are above the age of 24 then there are who are under it.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",There are more users who are above the age of 24 then there are who are under it.,"{ entailment } This is definitely incorrect, since 67.5% of users, according to the context, are aged 18 to 24. Therefore it is definitely incorrect to say ""There are more users who are above the age of 24 then there are who are under it.""" +"Given the detailed context: 'Edna Krabappel-Flanders is a fictional character from the animated television series ""The Simpsons"", who was voiced by Marcia Wallace until her death in 2013. She is the teacher of Bart Simpson's 4th grade class at Springfield Elementary School, and Ned Flanders's wife in later seasons.', judge whether the statement: 'Edna Krabappel-Flanders was married to Ned Flanders since the beginning of the Simpsons.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Edna Krabappel-Flanders was married to Ned Flanders since the beginning of the Simpsons.,{ neutral } Edna Krabappel-Flanders was only married to Ned in the later seasons ass shown in the text. +" In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers ""Lebanese"" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic. All Lebanese laws are written in the standard literary form of Arabic, though parliamentary debate may be conducted in Lebanese Arabic. In what language are Lebanese laws written? ",In what language are Lebanese laws written?, Arabic +" After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-election. Further laws attempted to relieve the burden of debt from plebeians by banning interest on loans. In 337 BC, the first plebeian praetor was elected. During these years, the tribunes and the senators grew increasingly close. The senate realised the need to use plebeian officials to accomplish desired goals. To win over the tribunes, the senators gave the tribunes a great deal of power and the tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate. As the tribunes and the senators grew closer, plebeian senators were often able to secure the tribunate for members of their own families. In time, the tribunate became a stepping stone to higher office. How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes? ",How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes?, gave the tribunes a great deal of power +" Regardless of the type of metabolic process they employ, the majority of bacteria are able to take in raw materials only in the form of relatively small molecules, which enter the cell by diffusion or through molecular channels in cell membranes. The Planctomycetes are the exception (as they are in possessing membranes around their nuclear material). It has recently been shown that Gemmata obscuriglobus is able to take in large molecules via a process that in some ways resembles endocytosis, the process used by eukaryotic cells to engulf external items. What chemical process helps bacteria to absorb raw materials? ",What chemical process helps bacteria to absorb raw materials?, diffusion +"Based on the details provided in: 'TNT is a Norwegian heavy metal band from Trondheim, formed in 1982. The band has released twelve studio albums, three EPs and three live albums while going through numerous line-up changes since its formation. Guitarist Ronni Le Tekrø is the only consistent member of TNT. TNT has sold between 4-5 million albums worldwide as of 2016.' , determine if the claim: 'TNT has released between 2 and 4 live albums.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",TNT has released between 2 and 4 live albums.,"{ contradiction } The agent statement states that TNT has released three live albums. Because three is between 2 and 4, the statement: TNT has released between 2 and 4 live albums is definitely correct." +"From the facts presented in 'INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. – A water main break could take several hours to fix on the west side. According to Citizens Energy, the 12-inch main broke at 4014 W. Washington St., causing the road to buckle. Officials initially closed both westbound lanes between Collier Street and Wischer Avenue. One westbound lane reopened, and water has been turned off at the break. Eastbound traffic was unaffected.' , decide if the statement: 'A water main break can take under a day to fix.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",A water main break can take under a day to fix.,{ contradiction } It said it can take several hours to fix. Several hours is less than a day so it is possible for it to take less than a day to fix and the statement is correct. +"Examine the information in 'Snake Handler
Clark went to church with his second cousin. Clark was shocked when the preacher held a poisonous snake. Clark's cousin told him not to worry. Then the snake bit the preacher. Clark told his cousin that this church wasn't for him.' Is the statement: 'The preacher did not plan on being bitten' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The preacher did not plan on being bitten,{ neutral } The preacher could not have been expecting to get bit by a poisonous snake because it could kill him. +" The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners which are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City. The commission's regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall, which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove . In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall located? ",In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall located?, Coconut Grove +"From the information in: 'How to know if you have chagas disease
Look for swelling at the bite site. The swelling usually appears one week after the bite. The bite site becomes a boil-like, hard and violet colored lesion that may persist for several weeks.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'People will not discuss Chagas in the future' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",People will not discuss Chagas in the future,{ contradiction } We have no way what people will or won't say about Chagas disease in the future. The future stance confused the AI +" Hunting big game typically requires a ""tag"" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license. What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl? ",What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?, duck stamp +" Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communities that support the environment. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment. Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive? ",Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive?, Mayor Thomas Menino +"From the information in: 'Anne of Green Gables is a 1934 film directed by George Nicholls, Jr., based upon the novel, ""Anne of Green Gables"" by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The actress Dawn O'Day who portrayed the title character of Anne Shirley changed her stage name to ""Anne Shirley"" after making this film. There was also a sequel; ""Anne of Windy Poplars"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Anne of Green Gables was directed by a new director.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Anne of Green Gables was directed by a new director.,{ contradiction } This is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because from the context we do not know what kind of director he was. I think it was difficult for the system because directing something like this is not usually for a new person. +" The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan, accessible only by foot or air; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location. This operation was coupled with the work done by PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters bringing in PLA engineering corps, explosive specialists and other personnel to join 1,200 soldiers who arrived on site by foot. Five tons of fuel to operate the machinery was airlifted to the site, where a sluice was constructed to allow the safe discharge of the bottlenecked water. Downstream, more than 200,000 people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1 in anticipation of the dam bursting. Where was the most precarious quake lake located? ",Where was the most precarious quake lake located?," Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan " +" In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV. What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment? ",What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?, 80% coverage or greater +" Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, ""Southern Capital"") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means ""Southern Capital"" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty. b ",b, b +"With the premise: 'Laverne & Shirley is an American sitcom that ran on ABC from January 27, 1976, to May 10, 1983. It starred Penny Marshall as Laverne DeFazio and Cindy Williams as Shirley Feeney, single roommates who work as bottlecappers in a fictitious Milwaukee brewery called Shotz Brewery. Among others, the series was known for Marshall and Williams' physical comedy.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The American sitcom, Laverne & Shirley, ran on ABC from 1975-1984.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","The American sitcom, Laverne & Shirley, ran on ABC from 1975-1984.","{ entailment } This is clearly incorrect, as it only ran from 1976-1983. " +" Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, ""an astonishing phenomenon"". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one ""every adult should read before they die"". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people? ",Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people?, Mary McDonough Murphy +" Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum. Are there rail services to Germany ",Are there rail services to Germany , International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal +" Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States. Also, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa, an unorganized, unincorporated territory, could both attempt to gain statehood. Some proposals call for the Virgin Islands to be admitted with Puerto Rico as one state (often known as the proposed ""Commonwealth of Prusvi"", for Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, or as ""Puerto Virgo""), and for the amalgamation of U.S. territories or former territories in the Pacific Ocean, in the manner of the ""Greater Hawaii"" concept of the 1960s. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands would be admitted as one state, along with Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands (although these latter three entities are now separate sovereign nations, which have Compact of Free Association relationships with the United States). Such a state would have a population of 412,381 (slightly lower than Wyoming's population) and a land area of 911.82 square miles (2,361.6 km2) (slightly smaller than Rhode Island). American Samoa could possibly be part of such a state, increasing the population to 467,900 and the area to 988.65 square miles (2,560.6 km2). Radio Australia, in late May 2008, issued signs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again and becoming the 51st state. What is another likely country for statehood? ",What is another likely country for statehood?, United States Virgin Islands +"Analyze the premise: 'The 1995 season of the astronomy TV show starring Jack Horkheimer started on January 2, 1995. During this season, the show still had its original name, ""Jack Horkheimer: Star Hustler"". The show's episode numbering scheme changed several times during its run to coincide with major events in the show's history.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Jack Horkheimer was born in 1965.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jack Horkheimer was born in 1965.,"{ contradiction } Nothing in the text mentions when he was born, so we don't know. It's difficult because the text mentions 1995 in the same sentence as Jack, so this probably confused the system." +" The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare. The university offers more than 345 degree programs. How many campuses are run by KU? ",How many campuses are run by KU?, five +" Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, the Czech Lands and Austria is characterised by its massive and modular nature. This is expressed in the Gothic architecture of Central Europe in the huge size of the towers and spires, often projected, but not always completed. The west front generally follows the French formula, but the towers are very much taller and, if complete, are surmounted by enormous openwork spires that are a regional feature. Because of the size of the towers, the section of the façade between them may appear narrow and compressed. The eastern end follows the French form. The distinctive character of the interior of German Gothic cathedrals is their breadth and openness. This is the case even when, as at Cologne, they have been modelled upon a French cathedral. German cathedrals, like the French, tend not to have strongly projecting transepts. There are also many hall churches (Hallenkirchen) without clerestory windows. In Germany, Poland and Austria Romanesque architecture is defined by its massive size and what other design element? ","In Germany, Poland and Austria Romanesque architecture is defined by its massive size and what other design element?", modular nature +" Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of ""God's organization"". It also warns members to ""avoid independent thinking"", claiming such thinking ""was introduced by Satan the Devil"" and would ""cause division"". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as ""apostates"" who are ""mentally diseased"". What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of? ",What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?, dissent +" Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its ""conceptual assault"" on rock tradition. Artists embraced electronic music, black dance styles and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature. Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music. What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound? ",What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?, Post-punk +" A struggle for succession in the mid-twelfth century gave the Fujiwara an opportunity to regain their former power. Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with the retired emperor in a violent battle in 1156 against the heir apparent, who was supported by the Taira and Minamoto (Hōgen Rebellion). In the end, the Fujiwara were destroyed, the old system of government supplanted, and the insei system left powerless as bushi took control of court affairs, marking a turning point in Japanese history. In 1159, the Taira and Minamoto clashed (Heiji Rebellion), and a twenty-year period of Taira ascendancy began. What clans fought during the Heiji Rebellion? ",What clans fought during the Heiji Rebellion?, Taira and Minamoto +"Given the detailed context: 'Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc) was a Hungarian/Austrian virtuoso pianist and composer who lived from 1811 to 1886. Liszt is widely considered to be one of the greatest piano virtuosi of all time, and certainly the most famous of the nineteenth century.', judge whether the statement: 'Listz enjoyed fame while alive' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Listz enjoyed fame while alive,"{ entailment } This statement fits into the neither category, because one, we do not know whether he gained his fame while alive or in death, and two, if he was famous while alive, we don't know whether or not he enjoyed it. The system may have assumed both those things." +"Using the premise: 'The Pari Aike Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation of Cenomanian (formerly believed to be Maastrichtian) age in southern Patagonia, Argentina. The giant titanosaur ""Puertasaurus"", the megaraptoran ""Orkoraptor"", and the ornithopod ""Talenkauen"" have been recovered from the formation alongside turtles and crocodiles.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Gold Coast is located closer to Palms Casino Resort than Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino is to the Palms Casino Resort' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Gold Coast is located closer to Palms Casino Resort than Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino is to the Palms Casino Resort,{ contradiction } It doesn't state the distances between those three casinos only that they are across the street from eachother so it is possible that the statement could be true or fals + Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body. The structure of immune system components can be described as what? ,The structure of immune system components can be described as what?, typically cellular in nature +" At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, all significant ancient population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the UAE and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent? ",The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent?, ancient Egypt +" In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the ""effectual truth"" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, ""If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."" When did da Vinci die? ",When did da Vinci die?, 1519 +"From the facts presented in '""Ae Dil Hai Mushkil"" (English: ""This Heart is Complicated"") is a Hindi song from the soundtrack of the Indian film ""Ae Dil Hai Mushkil"". It is written by Amitabh Bhattacharya, composed by Pritam and sung by Arijit Singh. The music video of the song is picturised on actor Ranbir Kapoor.' , decide if the statement: 'Ranbir Kapoor acts in Hindi language movies' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Ranbir Kapoor acts in Hindi language movies,{ neutral } It is correct because the video contains Ranbir Kapoor and the song is from Hindi movie. The AI was unable to connect these two pieces of information. +"With the given context: 'The 2007–08 Tour de Ski was the 2nd edition of the Tour de Ski and took place from 28 December 2007 until 6 January 2008. The race kicked off in Nové Město, the Czech Republic, and finished in Val di Fiemme, Italy, ten days later. It featured 8 top international cross-country skiing competitions, of which two were sprint events.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The 2007–08 Tour de Ski lasted less than 20 days.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The 2007–08 Tour de Ski lasted less than 20 days.,"{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because it started December 28th and ended January 6th, which is less than 20 days. It's difficult because the system seems bad at calculating the duration of an event based on the information provided in the texts." +" Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira. The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and fertile land that was good for farming. The Spaniards were disappointed not to find gold or jewels in El Salvador as they had in other lands like Guatemala or Mexico, but upon learning of the fertile land in El Salvador, they attempted to conquer it. Noted Meso-American indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders. After fierce battles, the Pipil successfully fought off the Spanish army led by Pedro de Alvarado along with their Mexican Indian allies (the Tlaxcalas), sending them back to Guatemala. After many other attacks with an army reinforced with Guatemalan Indian allies, the Spanish were able to conquer Cuzcatlan. After further attacks, the Spanish also conquered the Lenca people. Eventually, the Spaniards intermarried with Pipil and Lenca women, resulting in the Mestizo population which would become the majority of the Salvadoran people. Today many Pipil and other indigenous populations live in the many small towns of El Salvador like Izalco, Panchimalco, Sacacoyo, and Nahuizalco. What was the language of the Pipil? ",What was the language of the Pipil?, Nawat +"Examine the premise: 'EMP Merchandising also known as EMP Merchandising Handelsgesellschaft mbH, Large Popmerchandising, and Sweden Rock Shop is a German-based music mail order and merchandising store. The company distributes a quarterly catalog to customers. In a 2003 report the Osnabrück Chamber of Commerce considered the company to be the largest mail order business for Heavy Metal and Hard Rock music in Germany.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'EMP Merchandising starts with an A.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",EMP Merchandising starts with an A.,{ entailment } Starts with an E. +" Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/. Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what? ",Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?, aspiration +" According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means ""Haydar's city"" or ""lion city"", from haydar (lion) and ābād (city). It was named to honour the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen, a scholar of Islamic architecture, says the city was originally called Baghnagar (city of gardens). One popular theory suggests that Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of the city, named it ""Bhagyanagar"" or ""Bhāgnagar"" after Bhagmati, a local nautch (dancing) girl with whom he had fallen in love. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal. The city was renamed Hyderabad in her honour. According to another source, the city was named after Haidar, the son of Quli Qutb Shah. What does the Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names say Hyderabad means? ",What does the Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names say Hyderabad means?," ""Haydar's city"" or ""lion city"" " +" Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc. as it continues to divide. The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others. What is the original cell of the plant? ",What is the original cell of the plant?, the zygote +"From the facts presented in 'Gary Lynn ""Sudsy"" Sutherland (born September 27, 1944) is a former American baseball player. He played college baseball at the University of Southern California and later played 13 seasons in Major League Baseball, principally as a second baseman (717 games) and shortstop (164 games), from 1966 to 1978.' , decide if the statement: 'Gary Lynn ""Sudsy"" played in the minor leagues for at least one year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Gary Lynn ""Sudsy"" played in the minor leagues for at least one year.","{ entailment } The text talks about his college and major league career, but there is no mention of other league involvement." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Wu Di () is a Chinese cinematographer and one-time film director, known for his collaborations with Sixth Generation director, Wang Xiaoshuai. The director of photography for over ten films (all with mainland directors), Wu Di also wrote and directed a feature of his own, 1995's ""Goldfish"".' , determine if the claim: 'Wu Di appears as a side character in his 1995 film ""Goldfish""' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Wu Di appears as a side character in his 1995 film ""Goldfish""","{ contradiction } In order to know who appeared in the movie, further context is required." +" In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis caused extensive damage in the densely populated, rice-farming delta of the Irrawaddy Division. It was the worst natural disaster in Burmese history with reports of an estimated 200,000 people dead or missing, and damage totalled to 10 billion US Dollars, and as many as 1 million left homeless. In the critical days following this disaster, Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts. Humanitarian aid was requested but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies. How much was the financial cost of the damages of the 2007 natural disaster in Burma ? ",How much was the financial cost of the damages of the 2007 natural disaster in Burma ?, 10 billion US Dollars +"With the premise: '""Fans"" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. It is the second single released from their 2007 album, ""Because of the Times"", and the ninth track on the album. Lyrically, the song pays homage to the band's fans in the UK, where the band have traditionally enjoyed more success than in their homeland: """"All of London sing / 'Cos England swings and they sure love the tales I bring"""".' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Fans was released under a different name in 2008.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Fans was released under a different name in 2008.,"{ contradiction } Given the context, it is possible Fans was released under a different name in 2008, though it is not explicitly mentioned, so it is neither definitely correct not definitely incorrect." +" The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed ""International Business Machines"" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo. In what year was CTR created? ",In what year was CTR created?, 1911 +"Given the context: 'The Grand Prix des Frontières was a motor race held at a street circuit in Chimay, Belgium. The race was created by Jules Buisseret, who was also responsible for the circuit's existence. The first event was held in 1929 and was discontinued after the 1972 event for safety reasons.' , classify the statement: 'Jules Buisseret lost The Grand Prix des Frontières.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Jules Buisseret lost The Grand Prix des Frontières.,{ contradiction } the statement does not let you know if Jules Buisseret was a racer or not +" The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's ""Adolescence in 1904."" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them. Which theorist is known for his beliefs on evolution? ",Which theorist is known for his beliefs on evolution?, Darwin +" The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'. What rains on Neptune? ",What rains on Neptune? , diamond crystals +"Examine the premise: 'Thwaite is a small village in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England. It is in Swaledale and is part the district of Richmondshire and the civil parish of Muker. The village lies on the B6270 road that runs through Swaledale from east to west and is 15 km west of Reeth. The name ""Thwaite"" comes from the Old Norse word þveit, meaning 'clearing, meadow or paddock'.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Reeth is in North Yorkshire.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Reeth is in North Yorkshire.,{ entailment } It does say say whether this is true or not. The system did not understand. +"With the premise: 'The motion reads as follows: ``That this House request that the government convey to the governor of the state of Texas, the hon. George W. Bush, and to parole authorities of this state, its very serious concern about the violation of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in the case of Mr. Stanley Faulder, a Canadian citizen who is to be executed on December 10, 1998 at Huntsville State Prison; and further, that the government convey this House's respectful request that the execution be stayed pending a judicial review of the case to ensure that due process has been followed''.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'George W. Bush was president on December 10, 1998.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","George W. Bush was president on December 10, 1998.",{ neutral } He was governor of Texas. +" Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? ",Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? , Lord Salisbury +" Popular music in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek Laïka scene; artists who play in this genre include international platinum star Anna Vissi, Evridiki, and Sarbel. Hip Hop, R&B and reggae have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot rap and the urban music scene at Ayia Napa. Cypriot rock music and Éntekhno rock is often associated with artists such as Michalis Hatzigiannis and Alkinoos Ioannidis. Metal also has a small following in Cyprus represented by bands such as Armageddon (rev.16:16), Blynd, Winter's Verge and Quadraphonic. What other genres of music are enjoyed in Cyprus? ",What other genres of music are enjoyed in Cyprus?," Hip Hop, R&B and reggae " +" According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population. In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian? ","In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?", 57% +" The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences. When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution? ",When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?, in the 1930s and 1940s +" Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, ""The Charge of the Light Brigade."" Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252 Who led the charge on the Valley of Balaclava? ",Who led the charge on the Valley of Balaclava?, Cardigan +" Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These include the Yangtze, Yellow River, Indus River, Mekong, Ganges, Salween and the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra River). The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River, is among the deepest and longest canyons in the world. On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located? ",On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located?, Nepal +"Using the premise: 'Lorado Zadoc Taft (April 29, 1860 – October 30, 1936) was an American sculptor, writer and educator. Taft was born in Elmwood, Illinois, in 1860 and died in his home studio in Chicago in 1936. Taft was the father of US Representative Emily Taft Douglas, father-in-law to her husband, US Senator Paul Douglas, and a distant relative of US President William Howard Taft.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Larado Zadoc Taft was a US Representative.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Larado Zadoc Taft was a US Representative.,"{ entailment } He was the father of one, and I used words from the context" +"Using the premise: 'O Pai Tirano (lit. ""The Tyrant Father"") is a 1941 Portuguese film comedy directed by António Lopes Ribeiro, starring Vasco Santana, Ribeirinho (Francisco Ribeiro), Leonor Maia, Teresa Gomes and Laura Alves. It is one of the best known comedies of the Golden Age of Portuguese cinema, still popular six decades after its release.' , decide if the conclusion: 'António Lopes Ribeiro reads Paddington bear books to his kids.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",António Lopes Ribeiro reads Paddington bear books to his kids.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do no know whether or not António Lopes Ribeiro reads Paddington bear books to his kids, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Alana de la Garza (born June 18, 1976) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Connie Rubirosa on the NBC television series ""Law & Order"", """", and """", and as Marisol Delko-Caine on """". In 2014 and 2015, she starred as Detective Jo Martinez in the ABC series ""Forever"". From 2016 to 2017, she starred in """" as Special Agent Clara Seger.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Alana de Garza is an actress on more than ten TV series.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Alana de Garza is an actress on more than ten TV series.,"{ contradiction } The context doesn't say the total number of TV series she has appeared in, only the ones she is best known for." +" The Ricketts family acquired a majority interest in the Cubs in 2009, ending the Tribune years. Apparently handcuffed by the Tribune's bankruptcy and the sale of the club to the Ricketts family, the Cubs' quest for a NL Central 3-peat started with notice that there would be less invested into contracts than in previous years. Chicago engaged St. Louis in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009, but the Cardinals played to a torrid 20–6 pace that month, designating their rivals to battle in the Wild Card race, from which they were eliminated in the season's final week. The Cubs were plagued by injuries in 2009, and were only able to field their Opening Day starting lineup three times the entire season. Third baseman Aramis Ramírez injured his throwing shoulder in an early May game against the Milwaukee Brewers, sidelining him until early July and forcing journeyman players like Mike Fontenot and Aaron Miles into more prominent roles. Additionally, key players like Derrek Lee (who still managed to hit .306 with 35 HR and 111 RBI that season), Alfonso Soriano and Geovany Soto also nursed nagging injuries. The Cubs posted a winning record (83–78) for the third consecutive season, the first time the club had done so since 1972, and a new era of ownership under the Ricketts' family was approved by MLB owners in early October. When did the Ricketts family acquire a majority interest in the Cubs? ",When did the Ricketts family acquire a majority interest in the Cubs?, 2009 +"From the information in: 'The MySpace Transmissions is a digital EP by Say Anything. The album was released over MySpace on December 12, 2009,as part of MySpace's The MySpace Transmissions series. It contains five songs, four from ""Say Anything"" and one from ""...Was a Real Boy"".' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'There was not more than one song by Was a Real Boy on the digital EP by Say Anything that was released on MySpace after 12/11/2009.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There was not more than one song by Was a Real Boy on the digital EP by Say Anything that was released on MySpace after 12/11/2009.,"{ contradiction } The album was released on MySpace on 12/12/2009 making it after 12/11/2009 and there were 4 songs from ""Say Anything"" and one from ""...Was a Real Boy""." +"Examine the information in 'Around 130 flights were cancelled during a strike held on 19 January, and others were cancelled in the days that followed. When the flight assistants announced a further 24-hour for 23 January, the Italian Guarantee Authority (Commissione di Garanzia) which regulates strikes in essential public services (under the terms of laws no. 194/1990 and no. 83/2000) (IT0004266F) accused the unions of breaching the legal provision that 10 days must elapse between one strike and the next.' Is the statement: '19 flights were cancelled because of this.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",19 flights were cancelled because of this.,{ neutral } 130 flights were cancelled. +"Given the premise: 'The 1993 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Broncos competed in the Big Sky Conference and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. Led by first-year head coach Pokey Allen, Boise State finished the season 3–8 overall and 1–6 in conference.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Led by first-year head coach Pokey Allen, Boise State finished the season 1-6 overall and 3-8 in conference.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Led by first-year head coach Pokey Allen, Boise State finished the season 1-6 overall and 3-8 in conference.","{ entailment } Led by first-year head coach Pokey Allen, Boise State finished the season 3–8 overall and 1–6 in conference. The figures are the other way around" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Sunday Live with Adam Boulton was a weekend news and political show on Sky News and on Sky News HD, presented by Sky News' Political Editor Adam Boulton. From January 2011, the programme was replaced with ""Murnaghan"", a similar show presented by Dermot Murnaghan. Boulton moved to a new weekday show at 13:00 on Sky News.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sunday Live with Adam Boulton has run for five years.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sunday Live with Adam Boulton has run for five years.,"{ contradiction } My statement, albeit not found in the Agent snippet, can't be assumed to be incorrect and it was difficult for the system because, I reasoned well above the system." +" Left-wing politics have been particularly strong in municipal government since the 1960s. Voters approved charter amendments that have lessened the penalties for possession of marijuana (1974), and that aim to protect access to abortion in the city should it ever become illegal in the State of Michigan (1990). In 1974, Kathy Kozachenko's victory in an Ann Arbor city-council race made her the country's first openly homosexual candidate to win public office. In 1975, Ann Arbor became the first U.S. city to use instant-runoff voting for a mayoral race. Adopted through a ballot initiative sponsored by the local Human Rights Party, which feared a splintering of the liberal vote, the process was repealed in 1976 after use in only one election. As of August 2009, Democrats hold the mayorship and all council seats. The left tilt of politics in the city has earned it the nickname ""The People's Republic of Ann Arbor"". Nationally, Ann Arbor is located in Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell. What kind of politics have been strong in the municipal government? ",What kind of politics have been strong in the municipal government?, Left-wing politics +" The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous. The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact. What was the final goal of the state economic system? ",What was the final goal of the state economic system?, to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects +"Considering the context: 'The United States government has filed a civil lawsuit against BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. (BPXA) alleging that the company ""violated federal clean air and water laws"" by ""illegally discharging"" more than 200,000 gallons crude oil during two oil spills in 2006 on Alaska's North Slope in Prudhoe Bay. BPXA previously pleaded guilty to one count of criminal negligence in illegally discharging the oil and paid US$20 million in damages. As a result of the plea, the lawsuit was filed saying that they ""failed"" to prepare for such a disaster by implementing ""certain [sic] spill prevention measures"" as the law requires.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'As a result of the plea, the lawsuit was filed saying that they ""failed"" to prepare for clean air and water.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","As a result of the plea, the lawsuit was filed saying that they ""failed"" to prepare for clean air and water.",{ entailment } BPXA failed to prepare for the disaster - per the context - not the laws. +"From the information in: 'Ezhou () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hubei Province, China. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 1,048,668, of which 668,727 lived in the core Echeng District. The Ezhou - Huanggang built-up (""or metro"") area was home to 1,035,496 inhabitants from the Echeng and Huangzhou, Huanggang Districts.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'ezhou had a 1,048,668 population in 2009' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","ezhou had a 1,048,668 population in 2009","{ contradiction } Ezhou had a population of 1,048,668 in 2010 but no information was given about its population in 2009 thus there is no answer in the context." +"Analyze the premise: 'Until There’s A Cure is a national organization based in Redwood City, California, dedicated to eradicating HIV/AIDS by raising awareness and funds to combat the pandemic. The organization raises money for research, treatment, and care of people suffering from HIV and AIDS through fundraisers, the sale of bracelets, and donations.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'HIV/AIDS was officially declared a pandemic.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",HIV/AIDS was officially declared a pandemic.,"{ contradiction } The paragraph writer describes it as a pandemic but says nothing about an official declaration, so we don't know -- the algorithm appears to think it wasn't declared, perhaps because it's not stated outright." +" Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history. Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer? ",Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?, Queen Victoria +" Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.e., the values of its data and their embedding in database's data structures) is kept within dedicated backup files (many techniques exist to do this effectively). When this state is needed, i.e., when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state (e.g., by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state), these files are utilized to restore that state. What parameter is requiret to restore a database? ",What parameter is requiret to restore a database?, desired point in time +"With the given context: 'Consumer prices didn't undergo any changes from May to June, according to the Labor Department's Consumer Price Index. Meanwhile, core prices — excluding volatile food and energy — were up from the same time last year. Amid the news, Christopher Low — chief economist at FTN Financial — joined us to talk about what the Fed might have planned for future interest rate increases. Afterwards, we'll look at how leadership changes at the FBI affect work their the ground.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Core prices will drop every year from here on out.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Core prices will drop every year from here on out.,{ contradiction } It doesn't talk about future trends. +" In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Southern Iberia remained under control of Islamic states, initially under the Caliphate of Córdoba, which broke up in 1031 into a shifting number of petty states known as taifas, who fought with the Christians until the Almohad Caliphate re-established centralised rule over Southern Iberia in the 1170s. Christian forces advanced again in the early 13th century, culminating in the capture of Seville in 1248. How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150? ",How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150?, five +" An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air Force's scheduled TriStar flights to the Falkland Islands. Some airbases are co-located with civilian airports, sharing the same ATC facilities, runways, taxiways and emergency services, but with separate terminals, parking areas and hangars. Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this. Where is Bardufoss Air Station located? ",Where is Bardufoss Air Station located?, Norway +"Considering the context: 'Pleasant Lake is a 479 acre lake located in Rockingham County in central New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Deerfield. The eastern shore of the lake forms the boundary between Deerfield and the town of Northwood. Water from Pleasant Lake flows north to Northwood Lake, then west via the Little Suncook River to the Suncook River, a tributary of the Merrimack River.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Northwood Lake is in Northwood in Rockingham County.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Northwood Lake is in Northwood in Rockingham County.,"{ contradiction } It only tells us what town Pleasant Lake is in, it doesn't tell us what town Northwood Lake is in. " +" Adolescence is also a time for rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease. This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural and fMRI studies have demonstrated development of executive functions, that is, cognitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behaviour, which are generally associated with the prefrontal cortex. The thoughts, ideas and concepts developed at this period of life greatly influence one's future life, playing a major role in character and personality formation. Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence? ",Does Piaget believe that egocentric thoughts decrease or increase during adolescence?, decrease +"Considering the context: 'LaserWash is a brand name of a type of touchless in-bay automatic vehicle wash system, or car wash. Sometimes used as a genericized trademark, especially in the United States, the name ""LaserWash"" is a registered trademark of PDQ Manufacturing. LaserWash vehicle wash systems are manufactured in the United States and sold in over 40 countries.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Over 40 countries numerous brands of car washes.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Over 40 countries numerous brands of car washes.,{ entailment } We don't know how many they use. +"Given the context: 'Dorobanțu is a commune in Tulcea County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Ardealu (depopulated as of 2002, historical name: ""Asînlar""), Cârjelari, Dorobanțu, Fântâna Oilor (historical name: ""Coiumbunar"" or ""Coiumpunar"") and Meșteru (historical name:""Canat Calfa"").' , classify the statement: 'Today, out of the five villages that compose Dorobanțu, Ardealu contains the most residents.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Today, out of the five villages that compose Dorobanțu, Ardealu contains the most residents.",{ neutral } It is definitely incorrect because Ardealu was depopulated as of 2002. It may have been difficult because it thought it didn't have the population information. +"With the premise: 'The Cedar Grove Open is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit in 1974. The event was held in Cedar Grove, New Jersey. Ilie Năstase won the singles title while Kim Warwick and Steve Siegel partnered to win the doubles title.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'In 1970's The Cedar Grove Open had professionals such as Steve Siegel and Kim Warwick pairing up to play.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",In 1970's The Cedar Grove Open had professionals such as Steve Siegel and Kim Warwick pairing up to play.,{ neutral } I think it was difficult for the system to match as I generalized the era and avoided using key words. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Arturo Guzmán Decena (a.k.a. Z-1) (13 January 1976 – 21 November 2002) was a Mexican Army Special Forces operative who in 1997 defected to the Gulf Cartel and subsequently founded the criminal syndicate's enforcement wing at the behest of drug baron Osiel Cárdenas Guillén. Known today as Los Zetas, the cartel's armed wing ultimately broke apart and formed its own drug trafficking organization.' , determine if the claim: 'Arturo Guzmán Decena was asked to defect by Osiel Cárdenas.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Arturo Guzmán Decena was asked to defect by Osiel Cárdenas.,"{ entailment } We know that Osiel Cárdenas asked Arturo Guzmán Decena to founded the criminal syndicate's enforcement wing but it is after he had defected. The reasons for his defection were not listed. Therefore ""Arturo Guzmán Decena was asked to defect by Osiel Cárdenas."" is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. It fooled the system because it did not understand that ""subsequently"" means after and the two events (the defection and the foundation of the wing) have different reason of being." +" Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name. Sponsorship deals run for four years, though – as in the case of E.ON – one-year extensions may be agreed. Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018, renaming the competition as 'The Emirates FA Cup', unlike previous editions, which included 'The FA Cup in association with E.ON' and 'The FA Cup with Budweiser'. Can they extend their deal? ",Can they extend their deal? , one-year extensions may be agreed +"Examine the information in 'Abraham Roqueñi Iglesias (born April 16, 1978) is a Spanish welterweight kickboxer. He was the K-1 MAX Spain 2004 tournament winner, and is a former ISKA, WAKO and WFCA world champion. He holds notable wins over Gago Drago, Luis Reis, Andy Souwer and Artur Kyshenko.' Is the statement: 'Abraham Roqueñi Iglesias was born after WW2' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Abraham Roqueñi Iglesias was born after WW2,"{ contradiction } WW2 ended in 1945, Iglesias was born in 1978" +" Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significant impact on the development and proper functioning of the human immune system. Indeed, this relationship between zinc deficiency reduced immune functioning corresponds with an increased severity of infectious diarrhea. Children who have lowered levels of zinc have a greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever. Similarly, vitamin A deficiency can cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes, however there is some discrepancy when it comes to the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the rate of disease. While some argue that a relationship does not exist between the rate of disease and vitamin A status, others suggest an increase in the rate associated with deficiency. Given that estimates suggest 127 million preschool children worldwide are vitamin A deficient, this population has the potential for increased risk of disease contraction. Why is proper nutrition important? ",Why is proper nutrition important?," for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea " +" Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. Is the environmental performance of CFLs better or worse than that of incandescents? ",Is the environmental performance of CFLs better or worse than that of incandescents?, better +" Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) ""failure"" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook, and Churchill themselves intimated their support was waning. While the failure of night defence preparation was undeniable, it was not the AOC's responsibility to accrue resources. The general neglect of the RAF until the late spurt in 1938 had left sparse resources to build defences. While it was permissible to disagree with Dowding's operational and tactical deployment of forces, the failure of the Government and Air Ministry to allot resources was ultimately the responsibility of the civil and military institutions at large. In the pre-war period, the Chamberlain Government stated that night defence from air attack should not take up much of the national effort and, along with the Air Ministry, did not make it a priority. Lord Beaverbrook and Churchill's support of Dowding was what? ",Lord Beaverbrook and Churchill's support of Dowding was what?, waning +" The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people. What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children? ",What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?, relocating to the U.S. Mainland +"Given the detailed context: 'Bülent Ecevit, former prime minister of Turkey and poet, has died at 81. Ecevit was in a coma for nearly six months following a stroke. Ecevit was the prime minister of the government ordering a military intervention on July 20, 1974, to prevent a coup in Cyprus by Greek forces, dividing the island and setting the stage for the foundation of the breakaway Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.', judge whether the statement: 'Bülent Ecevit was the prime minister during a military operation in 1978.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bülent Ecevit was the prime minister during a military operation in 1978.,"{ contradiction } It said that he was the prime minister of an event in 1974, but there could also have been an event in 1978. There is no way to know from the passage... it didn't list every military event that occurred. " +" India's cotton-processing sector gradually declined during British expansion in India and the establishment of colonial rule during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This was largely due to aggressive colonialist mercantile policies of the British East India Company, which made cotton processing and manufacturing workshops in India uncompetitive. Indian markets were increasingly forced to supply only raw cotton and, by British-imposed law, to purchase manufactured textiles from Britain.[citation needed] What British business's policies damaged the Indian cotton industry? ",What British business's policies damaged the Indian cotton industry?, British East India Company +"From the facts presented in 'Luke Damon Goss (born 29 September 1968) is an English actor and former drummer in late 1980s band Bros. He has appeared in numerous films including ""Blade II"" (2002) as Jared Nomak, ""One Night with the King"" (2006) as King Xerxes, """" (2008) as Prince Nuada, ""Tekken"" (2010) as Steve Fox and ""Interview with a Hitman"" (2012) as Viktor.' , decide if the statement: 'Luke Damon Goss was a teenager when he appeared in the movie ""Blade II"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Luke Damon Goss was a teenager when he appeared in the movie ""Blade II"".","{ neutral } Luke Damon Goss was born in 1968, and the movie ""Blade II"" was released in 2002, so he cannot have been a teenager when he appeared in this movie. The AI system probably did not make this arithematic calculation." +" Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000. What is Oakland Counties average income? ",What is Oakland Counties average income?," $62,000 " +" The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Policy aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters, airspace and its constitutional order. Current strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, develop the armed forces for interoperability with other NATO and EU member forces, and participation in NATO missions. What name describes the combined body of all Estonia military? ",What name describes the combined body of all Estonia military?, the Estonian Defence Forces +" When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA). The IPC preferred term for assembled boards is circuit card assembly (CCA), and for assembled backplanes it is backplane assemblies. The term PCB is used informally both for bare and assembled boards. What's the more appropriate, but mostly unused, name for a printed circuit board when it doesn't have embedded components? ","What's the more appropriate, but mostly unused, name for a printed circuit board when it doesn't have embedded components?", printed wiring board +" The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (""אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט""‎: ""A language is a dialect with an army and navy"") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question ""what is a language?"" is great enough to cast doubt on whether any strictly linguistic definition, without a socio-cultural approach, is possible. This is illustrated by the frequency with which the army-navy aphorism is cited. When did Max Weinrich write ""A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot""? ","When did Max Weinrich write ""A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot""?", 1945 +" Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold. What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria? ",What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria?, US$1.95 billion +"Given the premise: 'The petitioners are drawing attention to the fact that our region has been heavily affected by the groundfish moratorium imposed by Fisheries and Oceans Canada back in May 1994. Since then, the Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, or TAGS, has been the only means of survival for a large part of our population.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Since 1994 the Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, or TAGS, has been not been the only means of survival for a small part of the population.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Since 1994 the Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, or TAGS, has been not been the only means of survival for a small part of the population.","{ contradiction } it says in the context that "" since 1994, the Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, or TAGS, has been the only means of survival for a large part of our population."" So that means for the small remaining part of the population, this was not the only means of survival. So the statement "" Since 1994 the Atlantic Ground fish Strategy, or TAGS, has been not been the only means of survival for a small part of the population. "", is definitely correct " +"Using the premise: 'Fashion show invite
Alicia wanted to go to the fashion show. Her sister had invited her. Alicia was so excited. But then the show got canceled. She couldn't believe it.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Alicia's sister was at the show' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Alicia's sister was at the show,"{ neutral } The show got cancelled, therefore no one was at it. I believe the AI doesn't carry over it's logic to less important elements, If I had said Alicia was at the show, i am sure it wouldn't have been fooled. But saying her sister was there did work as her sister is only mentioned as having invited her to the show." +" From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for ""national use."" However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points. When was ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation? ",When was ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation?, 1967 +"Analyze the premise: 'Pretzel Nugget is a 1994 EP by the Beastie Boys, released on the Grand Royal records label. Almost every song on the EP is from the contemporary album, ""Ill Communication"", with the exception of ""Mullet Head"", which first appeared only on Japanese versions as a bonus track, then worldwide on the 2009 remaster.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The song Mullet head first appeared as a bonus track, then it was released worldwide 15 years after the Pretzel Nugget release' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The song Mullet head first appeared as a bonus track, then it was released worldwide 15 years after the Pretzel Nugget release","{ neutral } Mullet head was released in 2009, that is 15 years after Pretzel nugget, so my statement is correct" +"Using the premise: 'How to know if you are infertile
Consider your age. Your chances of conceiving generally get smaller as you get older. This is because your eggs decrease in number and quality with time.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The number of men's eggs decrease as they get older.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The number of men's eggs decrease as they get older.,{ neutral } Men don't have eggs. +"Examine the information in 'Swarthy Jones
Swarthy Jones was a bouncer at a local club. He turned down a girl because she was too ugly. Her boyfriend returned minutes later. Swarthy Jones had never seen someone bigger than him. Swarthy Jones was afraid, and let the girlfriend in.' Is the statement: 'Swarthy Jones thought he wasn't the biggest man alive.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Swarthy Jones thought he wasn't the biggest man alive.,{ entailment } Swarthy Jones did think that he was the biggest man alive. +"Examine the information in 'I think a lot of times we just spend aid and say we feel better about it and it ends up being spent the wrong way, and there's some pretty egregious examples recently. One being Russia, where we had IMF loans that ended up in the pockets of a lot of powerful people and didn't help the nation.' Is the statement: 'The text mentions at least two countries.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The text mentions at least two countries.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because only one country, Russia, is mentioned. It's difficult because the word nation is also used, so perhaps the system thought this was a separate country." +" After Mary continued in the ""blood of her purifying"" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – ""As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord"" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and ""returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth"".[Luke 2:39] Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38? ",Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?, Simeon and the prophetess Anna in +" Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange. Experimental equipment that he built in 1934 went into operation 5 years later, converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system, using thousands of vacuum tubes. In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first ""automatic electronic digital computer"". This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes, with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory. The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year? ",The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year?, 1942 +" Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees. What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees? ",What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?, academization +"Given the premise: 'A saveloy is a type of highly seasoned sausage, usually bright red, normally boiled and frequently available in British fish and chips shops, occasionally also available fried in batter. The word is believed to originate from the Swiss-French ""cervelas"" or ""servelat"", ultimately from the Latin ""cerebrus""; originally a pig brain sausage particularly associated with Switzerland.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'the sausage is sometimes fried in hot oil' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",the sausage is sometimes fried in hot oil,{ neutral } My statement is correct because frying involves putting something in hot oil. This is linked to the original claim that the meat was occasionally fried. The model was probably thrown off by the language I used. +" BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. What was the genre of BBC Japan? ",What was the genre of BBC Japan?, general entertainment +" Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color LEDs should have profound influence on the fundamental method that we use to produce and control light color. However, before this type of LED can play a role on the market, several technical problems must be solved. These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. Such problems inhibit and may preclude industrial use. Thus, many new package designs aimed at solving this problem have been proposed and their results are now being reproduced by researchers and scientists. What problem results when rising temperatures decays power? ",What problem results when rising temperatures decays power?, substantial change in color stability +"From the information in: 'Pleasant Lake is a 479 acre lake located in Rockingham County in central New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Deerfield. The eastern shore of the lake forms the boundary between Deerfield and the town of Northwood. Water from Pleasant Lake flows north to Northwood Lake, then west via the Little Suncook River to the Suncook River, a tributary of the Merrimack River.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Northwood Lake is south of Pleasant Lake' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Northwood Lake is south of Pleasant Lake,"{ neutral } This is incorrect because the context says water from Pleasant Lake flows north to Northwood Lake, so Northwood Lake is not south of Pleasant Lake. I think it was difficult because several directions were provided in the context. " +" The earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated from Magadha. These empires saw advancements in ancient India's science, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy and were considered the Indian ""Golden Age"". The Magadha kingdom included republican communities such as the community of Rajakumara. Villages had their own assemblies under their local chiefs called Gramakas. Their administrations were divided into executive, judicial, and military functions. Due to advances in science and culture, what are the Magadha region empires considered to represent? ","Due to advances in science and culture, what are the Magadha region empires considered to represent?", Golden Age +" The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William ""Cat"" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention. What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept? ",What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept?, donations of musical instruments +"Examine the premise: 'Neil Sedaka: Italiano is a 1964 compilation album containing twelve of Neil Sedaka's Italian-language recordings. It was released in Italy by RCA Victor's Italiana studios. Of the twelve songs on the album, six were recorded by Sedaka in English. A seventh song on the album, ""A 16 Anni Tu Vuoi Amare"", is an Italian-language version of Andrea Carroll's 1963 hit, ""It Hurts To Be Sixteen"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Neil Sedaka sings in languages other than Italian and English.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Neil Sedaka sings in languages other than Italian and English.,"{ entailment } Neil Sedaka may have sung songs in more than just English and Italian, but the text does not suggest otherwise." +"Given the premise: 'The Second Silesian War was a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. The name is used to describe Prussia's war against Austria between 1744 and 1745, fought mainly in Silesia, Bohemia, and Upper Saxony. It was the second in a series of three Silesian Wars fought between Frederick the Great's Prussia and Maria Theresa's Austria.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Second Silesian War did not last more than a year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Second Silesian War did not last more than a year.,"{ contradiction } The Second Silesian War lasted from 1744 to 1745, therefore it is definitely correct that the war did not last more than a year. I thought that the wording of my statement would confuse the system." +" Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for ""vacant"" or ""void"". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call ""vacuum"" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum. What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum? ",What type of pressure is less than atmospheric pressure in a vacuum?, gaseous +"From the facts presented in 'Idrees Kenyatta Walker (born February 1, 1979) is a former professional American football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. Walker played college football for the University of Florida. A first-round pick in the 2001 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.' , decide if the statement: 'Idrees Kenyatta Walker was born within the past 5 years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Idrees Kenyatta Walker was born within the past 5 years.,"{ entailment } He was born in 1979, which is not within the past 5 years. It's difficult for the system because the system has trouble comparing dates/ages in the past to the current date." +"Given the context: 'The 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the 21st edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship. The tournament was hosted by South Korea between 20 May and 11 June 2017.' , classify the statement: 'he 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the 21st edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the annual international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","he 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the 21st edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the annual international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship. ",{ entailment } It is actually biennial and not annual. +" The battle of Iwo Jima (""Operation Detachment"") in February 1945 was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans in the Pacific War. Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands. Holland Smith, the commander of the invasion force, aimed to capture the island, and utilize its three airfields as bases to carry out air attacks against the Home Islands. Lt. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander of the island's defense, knew that he could not win the battle, but he hoped to make the Americans suffer far more than they could endure. How many airfields were on Iwo Jima? ",How many airfields were on Iwo Jima?, three +" According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus, with nineteen justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws. What document declares supreme power for the people? ",What document declares supreme power for the people?, the Constitution of Estonia +"Consider the premise in: 'Martin was taken to New Orleans Ochsner Foundation Hospital, where nurse Jinny Resor said he was treated for dehydration.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Martin was taken to New Orleans Ochsner Foundation Hospital to visit a friend' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Martin was taken to New Orleans Ochsner Foundation Hospital to visit a friend,{ neutral } he was getting treated +"Given the context: 'A Doll's House (Bokmål: ""Et dukkehjem"" ; also translated as ""A Doll House"") is a three-act play written by Henrik Ibsen. It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879, having been published earlier that month. The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879.' , classify the statement: 'It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1979. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1979. ",{ entailment } It premiered in 1879. +"Using the premise: 'Kevin Romy (born 31 January 1985) is a Swiss professional ice hockey centre who currently serves as captain of Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL). He previously played for HC La Chaux-de-Fonds and HC Lugano. Romy was drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 4th round (108th overall) in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. Romy also represented Switzerland at the 2014 Winter Olympics.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Kevin Romy currently plays for the Philadelphia Flyers in the NHL.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Kevin Romy currently plays for the Philadelphia Flyers in the NHL.,{ entailment } Romy opted to end his 19 year professional career on 23 July 2019. +"Considering the context: 'Steven K. Tsuchida is an American film and television director. He has directed episodes of ""The Sarah Silverman Program"", ""Younger"", ""Community"", and the award-winning short film ""A Ninja Pays Half My Rent"". ""A Ninja Pays Half My Rent"" was featured on the premiere of the Comedy Central program ""Atom TV"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Steven K. Tsuchida is a film director and actor' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Steven K. Tsuchida is a film director and actor,{ neutral } Steven K. Tsuchida was not an actor +"Based on the details provided in: 'Joona Veteli (born 21 April 1995) is a Finnish football player currently playing for Norwegian OBOS-ligaen side Fredrikstad. Veteli plays in the position of centre midfielder but can also operate as an attacking midfielder, defensive midfielder, right-back and winger.' , determine if the claim: 'Joona Veteli has met Elvis Presley.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Joona Veteli has met Elvis Presley.,{ neutral } Elvis Presley died way earlier before Joona Veteli's birth. It's impossible that he met him. +"Consider the premise in: 'Coldwater fish, in the context of aquariums, refers to fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures than tropical fish, typically below 20 °C . Some examples are koi and goldfish. These species tend to grow more slowly and live longer than fish that live in warmer waters, and are generally felt to be easier to keep.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Fish that prefer water temperatures 21ºC and above usually grow faster than those in water 19ºC and below.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Fish that prefer water temperatures 21ºC and above usually grow faster than those in water 19ºC and below.,{ neutral } The context explains coldwater fish as living at 20ºC and below grow slower than warmwater fish. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Kwon So-hyun (born August 30, 1994), is a South Korean singer and actress. She was known as a member of the South Korean girl group 4Minute, under Cube Entertainment. She is also a former member of the South Korean girl group, Orange. Before June 15, 2016 (end of her contract with Cube), Sohyun left 4Minute and the record label along with members Nam Ji-hyun, Heo Ga-yoon, and Jeon Ji-yoon.' , determine if the claim: 'Kwon So-hyun left Cube Entertainment after her 22nd birthday.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kwon So-hyun left Cube Entertainment after her 22nd birthday.,"{ neutral } She left before June 15, 2016 but her birthdate is August 30, 1994 so she left prior to turning 22. The system must not understand birthdays. " +" In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals. Data are made public in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. The expectation is that relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent. When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information? ",When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information?, starting in 2013 +"From the information in: 'Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (] ; Slovene: ""Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru"" , Italian: ""Clanforte"" , Friulian: ""Clanfurt"" ) is the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. With a population of 99,100, it is the sixth-largest city in the country. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Klagenfurt am Wörthersee has a population of over 100000' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Klagenfurt am Wörthersee has a population of over 100000,"{ entailment } No, its population is 99,100" +"Given the context: 'How to get yourself into the christmas spirit
Play christmas music in the background while you prepare for christmas. Great songs such as "" white christmas "" by bing crosby, "" o holy night "" by josh groban and "" believe "" by josh groban are great examples, and they will help you lift your spirit. Make a batch of christmas cookies.' , classify the statement: 'There are no more than three Christmas songs.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",There are no more than three Christmas songs.,"{ neutral } It said that those three Christmas songs are examples of songs, which implies that there are more than three songs. If they are examples it means that they are just some of a larger group. My statement that there are only three is correct. " +" Protestantism also spread from the German lands into France, where the Protestants were nicknamed Huguenots. Calvin continued to take an interest in the French religious affairs from his base in Geneva. He regularly trained pastors to lead congregations there. Despite heavy persecution, the Reformed tradition made steady progress across large sections of the nation, appealing to people alienated by the obduracy and the complacency of the Catholic establishment. French Protestantism came to acquire a distinctly political character, made all the more obvious by the conversions of nobles during the 1550s. This established the preconditions for a series of conflicts, known as the French Wars of Religion. The civil wars gained impetus with the sudden death of Henry II of France in 1559. Atrocity and outrage became the defining characteristics of the time, illustrated at their most intense in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of August 1572, when the Roman Catholic party annihilated between 30,000 and 100,000 Huguenots across France. The wars only concluded when Henry IV of France issued the Edict of Nantes, promising official toleration of the Protestant minority, but under highly restricted conditions. Roman Catholicism remained the official state religion, and the fortunes of French Protestants gradually declined over the next century, culminating in Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau which revoked the Edict of Nantes and made Roman Catholicism the sole legal religion once again. In response to the Edict of Fontainebleau, Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg declared the Edict of Potsdam, giving free passage to Huguenot refugees. In the late 17th century many Huguenots fled to England, the Netherlands, Prussia, Switzerland, and the English and Dutch overseas colonies. A significant community in France remained in the Cévennes region. Whose death caused an increase in the French civil wars? ",Whose death caused an increase in the French civil wars?, Henry II +"From the information in: 'In The Wet is a novel by Nevil Shute that was first published in the United Kingdom in 1953. It contains many of the typical elements of a hearty and adventurous Shute yarn such as flying, the future, mystic states, and ordinary people doing extraordinary things.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'In The Wet was first published in the UK more than 10,000 days ago.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","In The Wet was first published in the UK more than 10,000 days ago.","{ contradiction } 10,000 days is 27.4 years and it was published 66 years ago. It's difficult because I used 10,000 days as the measurement." +" Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced, from 75 in 1922, to 150 in 1934, to 644 in 1937. That year the Committee on Imperial Defence estimated that an attack of 60 days would result in 600,000 dead and 1,200,000 wounded. News reports of the Spanish Civil War, such as the bombing of Barcelona, supported the 50-casualties-per-tonne estimate. By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks. In addition to high explosive and incendiary bombs the enemy would possibly use poison gas and even bacteriological warfare, all with a high degree of accuracy. In 1939 military theorist Basil Liddell-Hart predicted that 250,000 deaths and injuries in Britain could occur in the first week of war. What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths? ","What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?", Imperial Defence +"Analyze the premise: 'Haley's Juke Box: Songs of the Bill Haley Generation (often listed in reference books as ""Bill Haley's Jukebox""), is the eleventh studio album by Bill Haley & His Comets. Released by Warner Bros. Records in the summer of 1960, the album was produced by George Avakian.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Warmer Bros has released 11 studio albums by Haley Juke Box.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Warmer Bros has released 11 studio albums by Haley Juke Box.,{ entailment } The statement is ambiguous. +" Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that ""as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment."" For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions. What ordering scheme did readers prefer? ",What ordering scheme did readers prefer?, alphabetical +"Given the premise: 'SNOBOL (""StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language"") is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4. It was one of a number of text-string-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included COMIT and TRAC.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'It took 5 years to develop SNOBOL.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",It took 5 years to develop SNOBOL.,"{ neutral } The text states that SNOBOL was developed between 1962 and 1967, which is five years." +" Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond. What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in? ",What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?, San Francisco +"From the information in: 'The Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge ( ), formerly known as South Branch Bridge or Romney Bridge, is a historic Whipple truss bridge in Capon Lake, West Virginia. It is located off Carpers Pike (West Virginia Route 259) and crosses the Cacapon River. The bridge formerly carried Capon Springs Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 16) over the river, connecting Capon Springs and Capon Lake.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Carper's Pike in West Virginia is also known as West Virginia secondary road 16.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Carper's Pike in West Virginia is also known as West Virginia secondary road 16.,{ entailment } The secondary road is 16 is Carper's Pike not Capon Springs road. +" Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda, with a script by the Coen brothers. The film was shot from September to December 2014 on location in New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland (which doubled for East Berlin), and was released by Disney on October 16, 2015. Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Where was 'Bridge of Spies' filmed? ",Where was 'Bridge of Spies' filmed?," New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland " +" In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory. When did Emperor Yohannes II die? ",When did Emperor Yohannes II die?, 1889 +"Examine the premise: 'Cat Afraid of Thunder
Today was very hot and humid. It was so hot the city put out a heat alert. Thunder showers were predicted for today. Our cat just heard thunder and ran under the bed. She will not come out until the storm is over.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the cat only did one thing' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the cat only did one thing,"{ neutral } The only action taken by the cat was running under the bed making my statement correct.I noticed that the model caught ""in this statement"" but missed it ounce I took it out. Maybe the model has problems with things not being a part of the statement. " +"Considering the context: 'Manchester United manager Jose Mourinho has reportedly fallen out with Luke Shaw Manchester United have been playing Ashley Young as a left wing-back in recent weeks with Mourinho favouring the former Aston Villa man over Luke Shaw. Reports suggest Shaw will depart Old Trafford in the summer with Barcelona a potential destination for the ex-Southampton man. And with Shaw apparently destined to leave, Mourinho will delve into the market in the hunt for a replacement. “Much of the summer business will be involving full-backs,” Marca reporter Chris Winterburn tweeted.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ashley Young played for Aston Villa at the time of this article.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ashley Young played for Aston Villa at the time of this article.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because he played for Manchester United at the time of this article, and used to play for Aston Villa. It's difficult because the system probably ignored the ""at the time of this article"" part and therefore thought the statement was correct." +"Examine the premise: 'Critics said the National Certificate of Educational Achievement or NCEA, the main qualification for high school students, would be degraded by the authority allowing text speak use in exams.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Allowing text speak use in exams could further hinder the authority given to the national Certificate of educational achievement to grade submissions.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Allowing text speak use in exams could further hinder the authority given to the national Certificate of educational achievement to grade submissions.,{ neutral } Using text to speak in exams would not be good for grading and the authority of the NCEA to do their job effectively. The AI became confused with the use of the word further. +" Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites). According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? ","According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? ", 20 million +"Analyze the premise: '-- that unless there is a -- the Court is -- because the circumstances change, that we are living in an era now where piracy is a significant problem, there's question of administrative ease, of administering a system where copyrights may be different for one set of authors, or different for another set of authors, there's changes that are taking place internationally, so that what we're saying is that not only could this Court conceive of reasons why Congress thought it was accomplishing the objectives of this clause, but that there are numerous objectives that are entirely legitimate in --' . Classify the hypothesis: 'We are living in an era where piracy is a significant problem and that will never change, regardless of copyright laws' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","We are living in an era where piracy is a significant problem and that will never change, regardless of copyright laws","{ contradiction } The piracy might or might not be a significant problem in the future, so my statement was neither correct or incorrect" +" In 361, after the death of Emperor Constantius, shortly followed by the murder of the very unpopular Bishop George, Athanasius returned to his patriarchate. The following year he convened a council at Alexandria, and presided over it with Eusebius of Vercelli. Athanasius appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology. This prepared the groundwork for his definition of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. However, the council also was directed against those who denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit, the human soul of Christ, and Christ's divinity. Mild measures were agreed on for those heretic bishops who repented, but severe penance was decreed for the chief leaders of the major heresies. When did Athanasius return to his position as Patriarch? ",When did Athanasius return to his position as Patriarch?, after the death of Emperor Constantius +" Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville. What river forms in the Tennessee Valley? ",What river forms in the Tennessee Valley?, Tennessee River +" Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered ""most German"", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German. People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what? ","People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?", most German +"Reflect on the information in: 'North Las Vegas is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, located in the Las Vegas Valley. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 216,961, with an estimated population of 226,877 in 2013. The city was incorporated on May 16, 1946. It is located in the Las Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA and is the fourth largest city in the state of Nevada.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Clark County is located ion the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Clark County is located ion the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA",{ neutral } Clark County is where North Las Vegas is located an North Las Vegas is in that MSA. +" Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously recovered, though he had to repeat his freshman year. He and brother Edgar both wanted to attend college, though they lacked the funds. They made a pact to take alternate years at college while the other worked to earn the tuitions. What high school did Eisenhower go to? ",What high school did Eisenhower go to?, Abilene +" On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong. It was attended by a wide range of entertainment, literary, business and political figures from mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan (~US$208 million). Of the donations, CCTV gave the biggest corporate contribution at ¥50 million. Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou. In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled ""Promise""; the song was composed by Andy Lau. The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities. In Singapore, MediaCorp Channel 8 hosted a 'live' programme 让爱川流不息 to raise funds for the victims. How much did actor Jackie Chan donate? ",How much did actor Jackie Chan donate?, 1.57 million +"Given the premise: 'Thomas E. O'Donnell (1841 – c. 1875) was one of the driving forces in the New York City draft riots, when he was 22 years old. He was a public opponent of the draft, so he was promptly arrested. Though his jail time is unknown, it is known that he died at age 34 due to heart problems.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Thomas E. O'Donnel was born in 1840.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Thomas E. O'Donnel was born in 1840.,"{ neutral } Thomas E. O'Donnel was born in 1841, not 1840." +" The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown. The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street? ",The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street?, Broad +"Analyze the premise: 'Police are searching for the man who punched an employee at a Manhattan bakery and stole its tip jar.Police say the suspect removed the tip jar from the counter at Buttercup Bakery in Hell's Kitchen.When a female employee tried to stop him, the suspect reportedly punched her in the face and then ran away.Police described the suspect as a black man in his 20s or 30s, and he was last seen wearing a pink hoodie and all dark clothing.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The female tried to verbally stop the man, but he punched her. ' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The female tried to verbally stop the man, but he punched her. ",{ entailment } There's no indication of how she tried to stop him. +" In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: ""przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie""), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas corpus, known from its own Latin name as ""neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum)."" Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim. King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon was the nobles' guarantee that his throne would be inherited by one of his sons (who would be bound to honour the privileges theretofore granted to the nobility). On May 2, 1447 the same king issued the Wilno Privilege which gave the Lithuanian boyars the same rights as those possessed by the Polish szlachta. What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus? ",What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus?, nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest +" Schwarzenegger has consulted an attorney, Bob Kaufman. Kaufman has earlier handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon. Schwarzenegger will keep the Brentwood home as part of their divorce settlement and Shriver has purchased a new home nearby so that the children may travel easily between their parents' homes. They will share custody of the two minor children. Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees. However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them. Schwarzenegger has filed amended divorce papers remedying this. Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood? ",Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood?, Schwarzenegger +" There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26. What was the average family size in Atlantic City? ",What was the average family size in Atlantic City?, 3.26 +" Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war. What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794? ",What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?, statues +" Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech. When did Russian language spread to the peasants? ",When did Russian language spread to the peasants?, the 20th century +"Examine the premise: 'Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov set the record for the longest continuous amount of time spent in space, a staggering 438 days, between 1994 and 1995. He orbited the Earth 7000 times, witnessing 7000 sunrises and 7000 sunsets.' and assess if the subsequent statement: ' Valery Polyakov spent an incredible, staggering amount of time in space, over two years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale."," Valery Polyakov spent an incredible, staggering amount of time in space, over two years","{ entailment } 438 days is much less than two years, so my statement is incorrect" +"With the given context: 'The itch
I was sitting on the floor. My dog had played in this room. I rolled over to get more comfortable. I landed on a pile of dog hair. The dog hair made my skin itch.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The person has furniture to sit on.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The person has furniture to sit on.,"{ contradiction } Reason: Furniture is never mentioned, but they may have some and choose to sit on the floor. Why: Only the floor is mentioned as a place to sit." +" During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The islanders assisted the American forces to build airfields on Funafuti, Nanumea and Nukufetau and to unload supplies from ships. On Funafuti the islanders shifted to the smaller islets so as to allow the American forces to build the airfield and to build naval bases and port facilities on Fongafale. A Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) built a sea plane ramp on the lagoon side of Fongafale islet for seaplane operations by both short and long range seaplanes and a compacted coral runway was also constructed on Fongafale, with runways also constructed to create Nanumea Airfield and Nukufetau Airfield. USN Patrol Torpedo Boats (PTs) were based at Funafuti from 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944. For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War? ",For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War? , a base +"Analyze the premise: 'Media Player Classic (MPC) is a compact media player for 32-bit and 64-bit Microsoft Windows. MPC mimics the look and feel of Windows Media Player 6.4, but provides most options and features available in modern media players. It and its forks are standard media players in the K-Lite Codec Pack and the Combined Community Codec Pack.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Media Player Classic has been condemned by Microsoft.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Media Player Classic has been condemned by Microsoft.,{ contradiction } I added feeling and sentiment into the statement. +"Using the premise: 'Fingerlings 2 is the second album in a series of live releases by Andrew Bird. Self-released in 2004, it features appearances by My Morning Jacket and Nora O'Connor as well as five live renditions of tracks featured on Bird's 2005 release ""The Mysterious Production of Eggs"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Fingerlings 2 has live recordings of some old songs.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Fingerlings 2 has live recordings of some old songs.,"{ neutral } The information states ""five live renditions of tracks featured on Bird's 2005 release 'The Mysterious Production of Eggs'."" I think the system confused renditions with recordings and/or did not pick up the ""some old songs"" language as referring to the previous recording." +" Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents. How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism? ",How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism?, hundreds +" Art historian Hravard Hakobyan notes that ""Artsakh carpets occupy a special place in the history of Armenian carpet-making."" Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles. They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categories depending on what sort of animals were depicted on them, such as artsvagorgs (eagle-carpets), vishapagorgs (dragon-carpets) and otsagorgs (serpent-carpets). The rug mentioned in the Kaptavan inscriptions is composed of three arches, ""covered with vegatative ornaments"", and bears an artistic resemblance to the illuminated manuscripts produced in Artsakh. What are vishapagorgs? ",What are vishapagorgs?, dragon-carpets +" International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended from future international matches based on red cards or accumulated yellows in a specified period. Caps and goals scored also count towards a player's career records. In 2004, FIFA ruled that substitutions by a team be limited to six per match in international friendlies, in response to criticism that such matches were becoming increasingly farcical with managers making as many as 11 substitutions per match. What absurd number of substitutions had some international teams been making in friendlies before 2004? ",What absurd number of substitutions had some international teams been making in friendlies before 2004?, 11 +"Given the premise: 'Honda also released a video where a humanoid robot named Asimo was operated by a person wearing the helmet. The employee was stated to be thinking about raising his right hand, after which Asimo moved its right arm. Honda states that it could be quite some time before the technology is ready to go live due to difficulties such as the human brain's liability to become distracted, creating mixed thought patterns. A related problem is the amount of focus required by the operator. ""Practical uses are still way into the future."" said Honda Research Institute Japan Co executive, Yasuhisa Arai. ""I'm [just] talking about dreams today.""' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'He runs to the lake' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",He runs to the lake,"{ contradiction } He runs to the lake is a statement that might or might not be true depending on the context. Regardless, it has no relevance to the statement making it neither correct or incorrect The model was probably thrown off by the randomness of the statement" +"Reflect on the information in: 'Dürnstein is a small town on the Danube river in the Krems-Land district, in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is one of the most-visited tourist destinations in the Wachau region and also a well-known wine growing area. The municipality consists of the Katastralgemeinden ""Dürnstein, Oberloiben"" and ""Unterloiben"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Durnstein has no agricultural opportunities' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Durnstein has no agricultural opportunities,{ neutral } It's a wine growing region so there's plenty of agriculture. I think the system had difficulty because the statement requires an inference +"Considering the context: 'Safety
Anna and her boyfriend were fooling around. Then Anna saw that they were out of condoms. Her boyfriend told her it didn't matter, but Anna remained steadfast. Later, she thought the incident over. She was proud of herself for doing the right thing.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Anna didn't let her boyfriend have sex' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Anna didn't let her boyfriend have sex,{ contradiction } Anna remaining steadfast about not having sex without a condom insinuates she didn't let him have sex +" The attacks were focused against western ports in March. These attacks produced some breaks in morale, with civil leaders fleeing the cities before the offensive reached its height. But the Luftwaffe's effort eased in the last 10 attacks as seven Kampfgruppen moved to Austria in preparation for the Balkans Campaign in Yugoslavia and Greece. The shortage of bombers caused the OKL to improvise. Some 50 Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers and Jabos (fighter-bombers) were used, officially classed as Leichte Kampfflugzeuge (""light bombers"") and sometimes called Leichte Kesselringe (""Light Kesselrings""). The defences failed to prevent widespread damage but on some occasions did prevent German bombers concentrating on their targets. On occasion, only one-third of German bombs hit their targets. How many Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers and Jabos were used? ",How many Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers and Jabos were used?, 50 +"With the given context: 'Fake? is a Japanese alternative rock band formed in 2001 by Ken Lloyd and Inoran. Their music has been described as alternative mixed with electronic sounds. Their sound has also been called ""Mixture Rock"" as well as an ""alternative punk rock mix."" Lyrics are mainly in English and sometimes in Japanese.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Mixture Rock was originally created by Ken Lloyd and Inoran.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Mixture Rock was originally created by Ken Lloyd and Inoran.,"{ entailment } It says their music is mixture rock, not that they created it first." +"Based on the details provided in: 'We have fought to try to raise the minimum wage in the last years. But the Republican leadership of the House and Senate won't even let us have a vote on it. We're not allowed to vote on it. They don't want to raise the minimum wage. The minimum wage is the lowest minimum wage value it has been in our nation in 50 years.' , determine if the claim: 'The republican leaders do not want a higher minimum wage, that is the reason why they do not allow a vote on it' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The republican leaders do not want a higher minimum wage, that is the reason why they do not allow a vote on it","{ neutral } The text stated that the republicans are blocking the vote on minimum wage, so my statement was correct" +" Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical ""scientific method"". What is commonly contrasted with empiricism? ",What is commonly contrasted with empiricism?, rationalism +" The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain. The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System. In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus. Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean. Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region. The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest. What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians? ",What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians?, forest +"Examine the information in 'General Dynamics, the maker of land combat systems, warships and Gulfstream business jets, reported net earnings of $374m in the third quarter, or $1.84 per share.' Is the statement: 'General Dynamics could potentially make more profit during war because they sell combat systems and warships.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",General Dynamics could potentially make more profit during war because they sell combat systems and warships.,{ neutral } It is correct because if they sell more of what they make they could make more profit. +" Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans. What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with? ",What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?, management of game animals +" LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no ""User Prohibited Options"" where content protection code instructs the player to refuse commands to skip a specific part (such as fast forwarding through copyright warnings). (Some DVD players, particularly higher-end units, do have the ability to ignore the blocking code and play the video without restrictions, but this feature is not common in the usual consumer market.) Where are User Protected Options commonly found on DVDs? ",Where are User Protected Options commonly found on DVDs?, copyright warnings +"Based on the details provided in: 'Rastafari, sometimes termed Rastafarianism, is an Abrahamic religion. Classified as a new religious movement, it developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It lacks any centralised authority and there is much heterogeneity among practitioners, who are known as Rastafari, Rastafarians, or Rastas.' , determine if the claim: 'People have been following Rastafarianism for around eight decades.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",People have been following Rastafarianism for around eight decades.,"{ neutral } The statement People have been following Rastafarianism for around eight decade""is definitely correct because it developed in Jamaica during the 1930s and it's now the 2010's, meaning approximately eight decades have passed. " +" Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century. Who did Louis name as his heir? ",Who did Louis name as his heir?, Sigismund of Luxemburg +"Examine the information in 'Bath Salt Zombies is a 2013 American horror comedy directed by Dustin Mills, written by Mills and Clint Weller, and starring Josh Eal, Ethan Holey, Jackie McKown, Dave Parker, and Brandon Salkil. It is about zombie attacks brought on by concentrated bath salts.' Is the statement: 'Bath Salt Zombies was not released after 2018.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Bath Salt Zombies was not released after 2018.,"{ contradiction } Bath Salt Zombies was released in 2013, which is before 2018. So it was not released after 2018." +" Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou. How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing? ",How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing?, 40 +" After World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard ""78"": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for ""long-play"") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948. RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret. Both types of new disc used narrower grooves, intended to be played with smaller stylus—typically 0.001 inches (25 µm) wide, compared to 0.003 inches (76 µm) for a 78—so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove. In the mid-1950s all record companies agreed to a common recording standard called RIAA equalization. Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard, requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves. What two formats replaced the 78? ",What two formats replaced the 78?," 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm " +" Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian. In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called ""Serbo-Croato-Slovenian""), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is an ongoing movement to codify a separate Montenegrin standard. Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac. What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century? ",What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century?, Kingdom of Yugoslavia +" Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the Tang dynasty political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. As part of the Taihō Code, of 702 AD, and the later Yōrō Code, the population was required to report regularly for census, a precursor for national conscription. With an understanding of how the population was distributed, Emperor Mommu introduced a law whereby 1 in 3–4 adult males was drafted into the national military. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in return were exempted from duties and taxes. This was one of the first attempts by the Imperial government to form an organized army modeled after the Chinese system. It was called ""Gundan-Sei"" (軍団制) by later historians and is believed to have been short-lived.[citation needed] What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe? ",What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe?, a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs +" Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen. Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral? ",Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral?, Venetian craftsmen +"Considering the context: 'Editing In the Mi(d)st is a ballet made by Miriam Mahdaviani to Oliver Knussen's ""The Way to Castle Yonder"" and excerpts from his ""Music for a Puppet Court"" and Aaron Jay Kernis' ""Overture in Feet and Meters"". The premiere took place June 21, 2002, as part of New York City Ballet's Diamond Project V at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The premier took place on the night of June 21, 2002.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","The premier took place on the night of June 21, 2002.",{ entailment } The context specified the date but not whether it took place during the day or night. +"Given the detailed context: 'Elliott V Bell (September 25, 1902 - January 1983) was a former financial writer for The New York Times who managed the two successful gubernatorial campaigns for his friend, Thomas E. Dewey. Bell was appointed Superintendent of Banks for the State of New York in 1943 by then Governor Thomas E Dewey. Bell was also editor and publisher of ""BusinessWeek"".', judge whether the statement: 'Thomas E. Dewey was a successful politician' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Thomas E. Dewey was a successful politician,{ neutral } Thomas E. Dewey won two gubernatorial campaigns. I think the system got it wrong because the statement requires inference +" While the ""footprint"" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels ""free-to-air"" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved. With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D? ","With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?", Western Europe +" Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah. He was the eldest of three children. He had two younger brothers: Michael, born in 1907, and Nicholas, who was born in 1911. His father, Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann) was a banker, who held a doctorate in law. He had moved to Budapest from Pécs at the end of the 1880s. Miksa's father and grandfather were both born in Ond (now part of the town of Szerencs), Zemplén County, northern Hungary. John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann); her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels. Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest; von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor. What occupation did Von Neumann father hold? ",What occupation did Von Neumann father hold?, banker +"Based on the details provided in: 'Les Anglais (Haitian Creole: ""Zanglè"" ), French for ""The English"", is a commune in the Chardonnières Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti. It has 27,182 inhabitants. The eye of Hurricane Matthew made landfall near Les Anglais on 4 October 2016 at 6 a.m. EST (11:00 a.m. UTC) as a powerful Category 4 hurricane with winds of 230 km/h (145 mph).' , determine if the claim: 'The commune is called Zanglè by french' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The commune is called Zanglè by french,"{ entailment } This is false, that is the Haitian word for the commune. French call it Les Anglais" +"Based on the details provided in: 'Humans Need Not Apply is a 2014 short Internet documentary film, directed, produced, written, and edited by CGP Grey. The film focuses on the future of the integration of automation into economics, as well as the impact of this integration to the worldwide workforce. It was released online as a YouTube video.' , determine if the claim: 'It was released online on a site similar to YouTube.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It was released online on a site similar to YouTube.,{ neutral } it was released on youtube and not other video streaming. +" Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the ""rule of law,"" and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word ""law"" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being ""defined by formal or substantive criteria,"" and therefore judges do not have discretion to decide that laws fail to satisfy such unwritten and vague criteria. Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees, writing that Cicero, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all. According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law? ","According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law?", that which is legally binding +" The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until the middle of the 20th century, much of the progress in neuroscience came from the development of better cell stains and better microscopes. Neuroanatomists study the large-scale structure of the brain as well as the microscopic structure of neurons and their components, especially synapses. Among other tools, they employ a plethora of stains that reveal neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity. In recent years, the development of immunostaining techniques has allowed investigation of neurons that express specific sets of genes. Also, functional neuroanatomy uses medical imaging techniques to correlate variations in human brain structure with differences in cognition or behavior. What type of study uses medical imaging techniques to correlate changes in brain structure? ",What type of study uses medical imaging techniques to correlate changes in brain structure?, neuroanatomy +"Based on the details provided in: 'Ray Erskine Parker Jr. (born May 1, 1954) is an American guitarist, singer-songwriter, record producer, and actor, best known for writing and performing the theme song to the movie ""Ghostbusters"", for his solo music, and for performing with his band, Raydio, and with Barry White.' , determine if the claim: 'Ray Erskine Parker Jr. wrote the theme song to ""Ghostbusters"" in late 1953.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Ray Erskine Parker Jr. wrote the theme song to ""Ghostbusters"" in late 1953.",{ neutral } He wasn't even born until 1954. The system thinks a fetus can write music. +" The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music. The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what ""era"" in pop music? ","The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what ""era"" in pop music?", the Album Era +" Shell was vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels and wind. It has operations in over 90 countries, produces around 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has 44,000 service stations worldwide. Shell Oil Company, its subsidiary in the United States, is one of its largest businesses. Aside from biofuels what other renewable energy activities is Shell involved with? ",Aside from biofuels what other renewable energy activities is Shell involved with?, wind +"Considering the context: 'Auburn House is a historic home located on the grounds of Towson University in Towson, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1790 by Charles Ridgely III and stayed in the family until it became part of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital property in 1944. Towson University (then Towson State College) acquired it in 1971.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Auburn House stayed in the family of Charles Ridgely III for 54 years before it became part of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital property.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Auburn House stayed in the family of Charles Ridgely III for 54 years before it became part of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital property.,"{ entailment } The statement is definitely incorrect, because based on the text Charles Ridgely III built the Auburn House in 1790 and it became part of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital property in 1944. Obviously, the Auburn House stayed in the family of Charles Ridgely III for 154 years and not only 54 years. I think it was difficult for the system, because the statement would have been correct if the number was 154 and not 54." +"Using the premise: 'Colville Lake is the 20th largest lake in Canada's Northwest Territories. The lake is located 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Great Bear Lake in the Sahtu Region. The lake has a perimeter of 121 km (75 mi) and a net area of 416 km² (161 sq mi) and a total area of 439 km² (169 sq mi).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Great Bear Lake is the 20th largest lake in the Sahtu Region' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Great Bear Lake is the 20th largest lake in the Sahtu Region,"{ contradiction } It is neither because it doesn't tell us how big Great Bear Lake is or where it would rank in the Sahtu region. The system is confused because it already identified Colville Lake as the 20th largest lake, but in a separate region." +" The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank? ","In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank?", third-largest +" Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: ""Taiwan and Tibet belong to China."" Later during the day, the Chinese volunteers forcefully took away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay. One of the protesting Malaysian was hit in the head. What did Chinese volunteers take from two Malaysian demonstrators? ",What did Chinese volunteers take from two Malaysian demonstrators?, placards +" In December 1994, TCM debuted ""TCM Remembers"", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation. Following the recent death of an especially famous classic film personality (usually an actor, producer, filmmaker or director), the segment will feature a montage of select shots of the deceased's work. Every December, a longer, more inclusive ""TCM Remembers"" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013). Since 2001, the soundtracks for these clipreels have been introspective melodies by indie artists such as Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009). In what month of the year does a longer version of TCM Remembers appear? ",In what month of the year does a longer version of TCM Remembers appear?, December +" Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other existing structures of this period. Among these the Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards Golconda fort. The Charminar, Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort are considered to be monuments of national importance in India; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status.:11–18 What is the oldest piece of Qutb Shahi architecture in Hyderabad? ",What is the oldest piece of Qutb Shahi architecture in Hyderabad?, the ruins of Golconda fort +" If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway. It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area. Helicopters and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) usually recover by coming abreast the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear. What does V/STOL refer to? ",What does V/STOL refer to?, aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing +"Examine the premise: 'Planes
The planes flying overhead woke me up. I was grumpy, and tried to block out the noise. Eventually I started to worry about it. I got up and checked the news. The military was just conducting practice runs.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'planes were invented in 2002' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",planes were invented in 2002,{ contradiction } it does not say when planes were invented +" In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (1,042,000 to 1,776,000 sq mi). In protected waters, all shark fishing is banned and all by-catch must be released. However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone. How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles? ",How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?," 772,000 " +"Considering the context: 'The 89th Medium Tank Battalion was an armored tank unit of the United States Army. It was activated in Korea in August, 1950 and in November 1951, it was assigned to the 25th Infantry Division. The unit participated no fewer than ten campaigns, from 1951 through the Armistice in 1953 with the 26th Division. It earned the Presidential Unit Citation and the Navy Unit Commendation.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The 88th Medium Tank Battalion was an armored tank unit of the United States Army' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The 88th Medium Tank Battalion was an armored tank unit of the United States Army,{ entailment } It was the 89th +" At present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest. The opening is envisaged at the end of 2011, with an average usage of 41,000 vehicles a day. Estimates of the French Works Commissioner however, raised some doubts over the interest of such a project, since it would pick up only about 10% of the traffic of the A35 at Strasbourg. Paradoxically, this reversed the situation of the 1950s. At that time, the French trunk road left of the Rhine not been built, so that traffic would cross into Germany to use the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn. The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections? ",The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections?," Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest " +" Catalan pronouns exhibit T–V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality. What is this distinction similar to? ",What is this distinction similar to?, all other Romance languages +"From the information in: 'Marguerite Aimee Rosine Coppin (2 February 1867 – 1931) was born in Brussels and became woman Poet Laureate of Belgium and a noted feminist and pioneer in female emancipation and equal rights for women. She was compared with women's rights activists Amelia Bloomer and Emmeline Pankhurst.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Marguerite Aimee Rosine Coppin was 66 at the time of her death' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Marguerite Aimee Rosine Coppin was 66 at the time of her death,{ entailment } she was 65 at the time of death +"From the facts presented in 'The following is a list of computer and video game musicians, those who have worked in the video game industry to produce video game soundtracks or otherwise contribute musically. A broader list of major figures in the video game industry is also available.' , decide if the statement: 'Computer and video game musicians, who have worked in the video game industry to produce video game soundtracks, will quit next year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Computer and video game musicians, who have worked in the video game industry to produce video game soundtracks, will quit next year.","{ contradiction } Possible or not, that is the question.System thinks otherwise." +" In its 2012 list of ""500 Greatest Albums of All Time, Rolling Stone included three of West's albums—The College Dropout at number 298, Late Registration at number 118, and My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at number 353. How many of West's albums were included on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list? ",How many of West's albums were included on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list?, 3 +" On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called ""Venerable"". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called ""Blessed"". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual. On what day was Paul VI born? ",On what day was Paul VI born?, 26 September +"Analyze the premise: 'Felix Anthony ""Milwaukee Phil"" Alderisio (April 26, 1912 – September 25, 1971) was a prominent enforcer, bagman, hitman and burglar for the Chicago Outfit, serving as an underboss to Salvatore Giancana (""Sam"", ""Momo"", ""Mooney"") during the 1960s and as boss for a short time from 1967 before being sent to prison in 1969 and dying there.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Felix Anthony Alderisio was nicknamed after the city of Chicago.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Felix Anthony Alderisio was nicknamed after the city of Chicago.,{ neutral } He was nicknamed after the city of Milwaukee. +" The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890. In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne? ",In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne?, 1880 +" Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics. The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what? ",The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?," port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics " +" The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most important works in the field of social science—The Poverty of Historicism (1944) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945)—were inspired by his reflection on the events of his time and represented, in a sense, a reaction to the prevalent totalitarian ideologies that then dominated Central European politics. His books defended democratic liberalism as a social and political philosophy. They also represented extensive critiques of the philosophical presuppositions underpinning all forms of totalitarianism. What was the Anschluss? ",What was the Anschluss?, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich +"With the premise: 'Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen (24 May 1855 – 28 November 1939) was a German ""General der Kavallerie"" (General of the Cavalry) during World War I and recipient of the order Pour le Mérite, known informally as the Blue Max. Richthofen was a great uncle of his more famous namesake Manfred von Richthofen, known as the Red Baron, who was his godson and named after him.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr was 60 years old when he died.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr was 60 years old when he died.,{ entailment } Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen (24 May 1855 – 28 November 1939). +"Given the context: 'Interview
After college, Mary was nervous about landing a good job. She saw an ad for the perfect position. Mary set an appointment to see the hiring manager. Mary nailed the interview and made a great impression. She got the job!' , classify the statement: 'Mary was somewhat apprehensive and nervous but she did get the job after her interview, even when the interview did not go well' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Mary was somewhat apprehensive and nervous but she did get the job after her interview, even when the interview did not go well","{ entailment } The text stated that she nailed the interview, so my statement was incorrect" +"With the given context: '6 Interpretations is an EP by the New York City rock band Weep consisting of remixed versions of songs from their 2008 debut EP ""Never Ever"" and their 2010 debut album ""Worn Thin"". It was released in 2010 through Projekt Records. Singer, guitarist, and songwriter Doc Hammer remarked on the oddity of the gothic rock and shoegaze band producing a dance record:' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'In 2008, 31 studio albums were recorded with Projekt Records.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","In 2008, 31 studio albums were recorded with Projekt Records.",{ contradiction } We have no idea how many were recorded. +" There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city. Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament? ",Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?, Dr. Alan Whitehead +"Using the premise: 'The Moberly–Jourdain incident (also the Ghosts of Petit Trianon or Versailles, French: ""les fantômes du Trianon"" / ""les fantômes de Versailles"") is a claim of time travel and hauntings made by Charlotte Anne Moberly (1846–1937) and Eleanor Jourdain (1863–1924).' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Moberly–Jourdain incident was written in the 1800s.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Moberly–Jourdain incident was written in the 1800s.,{ contradiction } It didn't say whether it was written in the 1800s or 1900s. +"With the given context: 'A French sauce spoon or saucier spoon is a spoon that is typically the size and shape of a dessert spoon, but with a flattened bowl that has a thinner edge and a small notch on one side. As the name suggests, a French sauce spoon is used to eat the sauce accompanying a dish. Such a spoon may be referred to simply as a sauce spoon, but this can also refer to a spoon used to serve sauce.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'A French sauce spoon is also called a saucy spoon.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",A French sauce spoon is also called a saucy spoon.,"{ entailment } A French sauce spoon is also referred to as a saucier spoon, not a saucy spoon. It may have been difficult because the words are similar. " +" At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and ""Locomotive #1673"", built in 1900. Downtown is divided into the Presidio District, the Barrio Viejo, and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District. Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district, which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks. When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin? ",When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin?, At the end of the first decade of the 21st century +"With the given context: 'The University of North Dakota (also known as UND or North Dakota) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota, it is the state's oldest.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The University of North Dakota is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was established by an Indian Tribe.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","The University of North Dakota is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was established by an Indian Tribe.",{ contradiction } The Dakota's have a high concentration of Native Americans. +"Given the context: 'Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.' , classify the statement: 'Ivy league Brown university is also in UK' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Ivy league Brown university is also in UK,{ neutral } ivy league is not a term used in UK - so this is definately incorrect +" On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen. This event further weakened the Soviet Union's position internationally and domestically, and stiffened Lithuanian resistance. How many civilians died in the attack? ",How many civilians died in the attack?, Fourteen +"With the premise: 'Gary LeVox (born Gary Wayne Vernon, Jr., July 10, 1970), is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for being the lead vocalist of the contemporary Country Pop trio Rascal Flatts, and his stage name is taken from the studio-console label for his lead-vocal track.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Rascal Flatts is a country pop trio best known for their first studio album.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Rascal Flatts is a country pop trio best known for their first studio album.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we don't know if they are or are not best known for their studio album. I think it confused the AI because I didn't change much of the wording." +" Certain technological inventions of the period – whether of Arab or Chinese origin, or unique European innovations – were to have great influence on political and social developments, in particular gunpowder, the printing press and the compass. The introduction of gunpowder to the field of battle affected not only military organisation, but helped advance the nation state. Gutenberg's movable type printing press made possible not only the Reformation, but also a dissemination of knowledge that would lead to a gradually more egalitarian society. The compass, along with other innovations such as the cross-staff, the mariner's astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding, enabled the navigation of the World Oceans, and the early phases of colonialism. Other inventions had a greater impact on everyday life, such as eyeglasses and the weight-driven clock. Who invented the movable printing press? ",Who invented the movable printing press?, Gutenberg +" A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods. What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system? ",What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?, Comboios de Portugal +"Given the detailed context: 'I recall my husband speaking. In fact, he hadn't prepared to speak, but he was very upset, as many people in the audience were, and he stood up to speak. I don't remember his exact comments, but, again, it was a warning to the school board and -actually, not necessarily a warning, but just sort of reiterating what science teachers do in their science classes and how there is really no conflict here with the textbook.', judge whether the statement: 'My husband is a science teacher' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",My husband is a science teacher,"{ neutral } The context says the husband spoke about what science teachers do, so it's correct to say he is a science teacher. The system probably found it hard to make the connection" +" Over the past two years,[clarification needed] dozens of rights-holders, including Sony Music, have sent complaints about Wikipedia.org directly to Google to have content removed. What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website? ",What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website?, Google +"Reflect on the information in: 'And we have a fundamental choice to make. Are we going to step up to the plate as a nation the way we did after World War II, the way that generation of heroes said okay, the United States is going to be the leader. And the world benefitted tremendously from the courage that they showed in those post-war years.' . Does the hypothesis: 'World War III will take place in 2025.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",World War III will take place in 2025.,"{ contradiction } it's neither correct/incorrect because we have no idea if another World War will take place at all, let alone knowing what year specifically. It's difficult because the text mentions WWII, so this confused the system I guess." +" The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the ""big five"" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position. Did the five clubs think this was a good idea? ",Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?, The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it +" The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo. The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation. How many of the worlds succulents are found in Karoo? ",How many of the worlds succulents are found in Karoo?, 10 percent +"Given the detailed context: 'For three days we joined the anniversary trail ride commemorating the 1874 march west of the original North West Mounted Police contingent; a great adventure which originally took 275 officers and men from Fort Dufferin south of Winnipeg all through the southern part of Saskatchewan and southern Alberta to Fort Whoop-Up 125 years before.', judge whether the statement: 'The trail ride took people from one fort to another commemorating a similar march in 1874.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The trail ride took people from one fort to another commemorating a similar march in 1874.,{ neutral } The adventure took 275 officers and men from Fort Dufferin to Fort Whoop-Up and the text implies someone was joining an anniversary commemorating it. +" On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson. His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited. Which other newspaper was brought under the same ownership as The Times in 1967 to form Times Newspapers Limited? ",Which other newspaper was brought under the same ownership as The Times in 1967 to form Times Newspapers Limited?, The Sunday Times +" Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury. Including Arsenal, how many teams had won the Premier League up to 2013? ","Including Arsenal, how many teams had won the Premier League up to 2013?", five +"With the given context: 'Fiers (6-5) struck out six and picked up the win Saturday against the Rangers. He gave up one run on five hits and one walk over six innings. Fiers continued his good pitching of late, as he's now given up just a single run in three straight starts (21 innings), bringing his season ERA down to 3.65. However, this was his first win during the stretch, as the Tigers bats have done him no favors. Fiers won't have an easy time keeping his hot streak going, as his next start is scheduled for Friday in Houston.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Fiers does not play for the Rangers.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Fiers does not play for the Rangers.,"{ contradiction } Fiers played against the Rangers on Saturday, so he does not play for the Rangers, so the statement that ""Fiers does not play for the Rangers"" is definetly correct." +" The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles. What decade saw the emergence of alternative rock? ",What decade saw the emergence of alternative rock?, 1990s +"Given the premise: 'Songbook is an acoustic live album by American musician and Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell, released on November 21, 2011. The live album features songs recorded during Cornell's Songbook Tour, an acoustic solo tour which took place during March–May 2011 in the US, and is his first live album as a solo artist.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Chris Cornell was a guitarist.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Chris Cornell was a guitarist.,{ contradiction } He is a vocalist but he's also a guitarist. +"Analyze the premise: 'Deng Haihua, Ministry of Health spokesperson, expects the disease to reach its height between May and July. Yang Weizhong Deputy Director for the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said researchers are increasing research efforts to find a vaccine for EV71. Families are being instructed to embark on week-long disinfections with free medical supplies from local health authorities.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'There is no treatment for EV71.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There is no treatment for EV71.,"{ contradiction } Just because there is no vaccine does not mean there is no alternative treatment. For example, perhaps it's like influenza, where general rest, IV or experimental treatments are available." +" The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.:2.1 What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule? ",What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule?, a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose) +" In 1991, there were only two proposals available that could be completely assessed for an MPEG audio standard: Musicam (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding). The Musicam technique, as proposed by Philips (the Netherlands), CCETT (France) and Institut für Rundfunktechnik (Germany) was chosen due to its simplicity and error robustness, as well as its low computational power associated with the encoding of high quality compressed audio. The Musicam format, based on sub-band coding, was the basis of the MPEG Audio compression format (sampling rates, structure of frames, headers, number of samples per frame). What was the Musican format based on? ",What was the Musican format based on?, sub-band coding +" Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order. What is the Tibetan New Year Festival called? ",What is the Tibetan New Year Festival called?, Losar +" Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV. Post-punk artists such as Scritti Politti's Green Gartside and Josef K's Paul Haig, previously engaged in avant-garde practices, turned away from these approaches and pursued mainstream styles and commercial success. These new developments, in which post-punk artists attempted to bring subversive ideas into the pop mainstream, began to be categorized under the marketing term new pop. What did the synthpop style of music benefit from the gaining popularity of? ",What did the synthpop style of music benefit from the gaining popularity of?, MTV +" The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna were used for medicine. Outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter. Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the northern universities focused on the arts and theology. There were distinct differences in the quality of instruction in these areas which were congruent with their focus, so scholars would travel north or south based on their interests and means. There was also a difference in the types of degrees awarded at these universities. English, French and German universities usually awarded bachelor's degrees, with the exception of degrees in theology, for which the doctorate was more common. Italian universities awarded primarily doctorates. The distinction can be attributed to the intent of the degree holder after graduation – in the north the focus tended to be on acquiring teaching positions, while in the south students often went on to professional positions. The structure of northern universities tended to be modeled after the system of faculty governance developed at the University of Paris. Southern universities tended to be patterned after the student-controlled model begun at the University of Bologna. Among the southern universities, a further distinction has been noted between those of northern Italy, which followed the pattern of Bologna as a ""self-regulating, independent corporation of scholars"" and those of southern Italy and Iberia, which were ""founded by royal and imperial charter to serve the needs of government."" What type of degree was given out at a English university? ",What type of degree was given out at a English university?, bachelor's degrees +" Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840. In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves? ",In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves?, 1799 +"From the information in: '""You Are My Sunshine"" is a popular song recorded by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell and first recorded in 1939. It has been declared one of the state songs of Louisiana because of its association with Davis, a country music singer and governor of the state in the years 1944–1948 and 1960–1964.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Jimmie Davis was the governor of Alabama.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jimmie Davis was the governor of Alabama.,"{ contradiction } The context states that Jimmie Davis was the governor of Louisiana, but does not mention whether or not he was every governor of another state. I think that the system found this difficult because the context clearly specified that Davis had been governor of Louisiana." +" During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years. Who is the German Federal Environment Minister? ",Who is the German Federal Environment Minister?, Sigmar Gabriel +" Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called ""Favorites"" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as ""live bookmarks"" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed. Firefox does web feeds as what? ",Firefox does web feeds as what?, live bookmarks +" In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century. On the London stockmarket, there were various claims as to the exclusivity of asphalt quality from France, Germany and England. And numerous patents were granted in France, with similar numbers of patent applications being denied in England due to their similarity to each other. In England, ""Claridge's was the type most used in the 1840s and 50s"" For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings? ",For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings?, damp proofing +" Kerry received his second Purple Heart for a wound received in action on the Bồ Đề River on February 20, 1969. The plan had been for the Swift boats to be accompanied by support helicopters. On the way up the Bo De, however, the helicopters were attacked. As the Swift boats reached the Cửa Lớn River, Kerry's boat was hit by a B-40 rocket (rocket propelled grenade round), and a piece of shrapnel hit Kerry's left leg, wounding him. Thereafter, enemy fire ceased and his boat reached the Gulf of Thailand safely. Kerry continues to have shrapnel embedded in his left thigh because the doctors that first treated him decided to remove the damaged tissue and close the wound with sutures rather than make a wide opening to remove the shrapnel. Though wounded like several others earlier that day, Kerry did not lose any time off from duty. Where did Kerry earn his 2nd Purple Heart? ",Where did Kerry earn his 2nd Purple Heart?, on the Bồ Đề River +" The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It has been proposed that the reduced exposure to bacteria and viruses is due, in part, to increased cleanliness and decreased family size in modern societies. Exposure to bacterial endotoxin in early childhood may prevent the development of asthma, but exposure at an older age may provoke bronchoconstriction. Evidence supporting the hygiene hypothesis includes lower rates of asthma on farms and in households with pets. What is some of the evidence backing the hygiene hypothesis? ",What is some of the evidence backing the hygiene hypothesis?, lower rates of asthma on farms and in households with pets. +" In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: ""I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised."" Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. Many Germans also viewed the French as the traditional destabilizer of Europe, and sought to weaken France to prevent further breaches of the peace. Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary? ",Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary?, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck +" Modern Ottoman studies think that the change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe was caused by the opening of the new sea routes. It is possible to see the decline in the significance of the land routes to the East as Western Europe opened the ocean routes that bypassed the Middle East and Mediterranean as parallel to the decline of the Ottoman Empire itself. The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Balta Liman that opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors, would be seen as one of the staging posts along this development. The formation of sea routes bypassing the Middle East may have led to the decline of what? ",The formation of sea routes bypassing the Middle East may have led to the decline of what?, the Ottoman Empire itself +" The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents. How many Marines would the United States move to Guam? ",How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?," 8,600 Marines " +" An early formal system of temporal logic was studied by Avicenna. Although he did not develop a real theory of temporal propositions, he did study the relationship between temporalis and the implication. Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic logic until modern times. Avicennian logic also influenced several early European logicians such as Albertus Magnus and William of Ockham. Avicenna endorsed the law of noncontradiction proposed by Aristotle, that a fact could not be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense of the terminology used. He stated, ""Anyone who denies the law of noncontradiction should be beaten and burned until he admits that to be beaten is not the same as not to be beaten, and to be burned is not the same as not to be burned."" What became the dominant system of Islamic logic? ",What became the dominant system of Islamic logic?, Avicennian logic +" Infrared vibrational spectroscopy (see also near-infrared spectroscopy) is a technique that can be used to identify molecules by analysis of their constituent bonds. Each chemical bond in a molecule vibrates at a frequency characteristic of that bond. A group of atoms in a molecule (e.g., CH2) may have multiple modes of oscillation caused by the stretching and bending motions of the group as a whole. If an oscillation leads to a change in dipole in the molecule then it will absorb a photon that has the same frequency. The vibrational frequencies of most molecules correspond to the frequencies of infrared light. Typically, the technique is used to study organic compounds using light radiation from 4000–400 cm−1, the mid-infrared. A spectrum of all the frequencies of absorption in a sample is recorded. This can be used to gain information about the sample composition in terms of chemical groups present and also its purity (for example, a wet sample will show a broad O-H absorption around 3200 cm−1). What is the term for light radiation in the 4000–400 cm−1 spectrum? ",What is the term for light radiation in the 4000–400 cm−1 spectrum?, the mid-infrared +" Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression ""three dog night"" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning. What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean? ",What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean?, food scraps. +"Given the detailed context: 'Sophia Turkiewicz is an Australian film and television director known for her film ""Silver City"". ""Silver City"", which Turkiewicz began during a six-month stay in Poland, was released internationally and won 3 AFI awards. Turkiewicz has also spent six years as a lecturer in the directing department of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School before leaving to direct ""Once My Mother"".', judge whether the statement: 'Silver City was released and won 3 Television and Radio School awards.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Silver City was released and won 3 Television and Radio School awards.,{ neutral } The film won 3 AFI awards. +" From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle. The Government of India Act 1935 was a major success in this regard. All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947. What action did the movements combine to produce? ",What action did the movements combine to produce?, Government of India Act 1935 +" Most of Bermuda's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it. During the colonial period, hundreds of Native Americans were shipped to Bermuda. The best-known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip's wars. Why was there a large population of Algonquian people in Bermuda? ",Why was there a large population of Algonquian people in Bermuda?, exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery +"Considering the context: 'The Cars are an American rock band that emerged from the new wave scene in the late 1970s. The band originated in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1976, with singer, rhythm guitarist and songwriter Ric Ocasek, singer and bassist Benjamin Orr, lead guitarist Elliot Easton, keyboardist Greg Hawkes and drummer David Robinson.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Elliot Easton played in multiple bands in his career' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Elliot Easton played in multiple bands in his career,"{ entailment } It is neither because it only tells us he was in the Cars. I'm not sure why the system thinks this is correct, it is odd. It clearly only mentions one band" +" The USAF countered the MiG-15 by sending over three squadrons of its most capable fighter, the F-86 Sabre. These arrived in December 1950. The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor. It had a very high service ceiling—50,000 feet (15,000 m) and carried very heavy weaponry: one 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm cannons. They were fast enough to dive past the fighter escort of P-80 Shooting Stars and F9F Panthers and could reach and destroy the U.S. heavy bombers. B-29 losses could not be avoided, and the Air Force was forced to switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing of targets. The MiGs were countered by the F-86 Sabres. They had a ceiling of 42,000 feet (13,000 m) and were armed with six .50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns, which were range adjusted by radar gunsights. If coming in at higher altitude the advantage of engaging or not went to the MiG. Once in a level flight dogfight, both swept-wing designs attained comparable maximum speeds of around 660 mph (1,100 km/h). The MiG climbed faster, but the Sabre turned and dived better. To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do? ","To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do?", switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing +" Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earthworms. During the beginning of the Tonian period around 1 billion years ago, there was a decrease in Stromatolite diversity, which may indicate the appearance of grazing animals, since stromatolite diversity increased when grazing animals went extinct at the End Permian and End Ordovician extinction events, and decreased shortly after the grazer populations recovered. However the discovery that tracks very similar to these early trace fossils are produced today by the giant single-celled protist Gromia sphaerica casts doubt on their interpretation as evidence of early animal evolution. Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures? ",Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures?, earthworms +" A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental. Whether or not the higher frequencies are integer multiples, they are collectively called the partials, referring to the different parts that make up the total spectrum. Harmonics are an important class of what? ",Harmonics are an important class of what?, overtones +" Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, ""the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time."" Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture? ",What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?, larger brain +"With the premise: 'Southpaw is a 2015 American sports drama film directed by Antoine Fuqua, written by Kurt Sutter and starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Forest Whitaker and Rachel McAdams. The film follows a boxer who sets out to get his life back on track after losing his wife in an accident and his young daughter to protective services. The film was released on July 24, 2015, by The Weinstein Company.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Gyllenhaal helped to direct Southpaw along with Fuqua.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Gyllenhaal helped to direct Southpaw along with Fuqua.,{ contradiction } We do not know if Gyllenhaal helped direct. +"Examine the information in 'The Legendary Majik Mijits is an album that was recorded by Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane when they reformed under the name of ""Majik Mijits"" in 1981 and gave a one-off concert at the Bridgehouse pub in East London. The lineup included Jim Leverton, Mick Green, Mick Weaver, Dave Hynes and Sam Brown.' Is the statement: 'The concert had 10 performers.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The concert had 10 performers.,{ entailment } The band has stayed together forever. +" The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed. How is lacquer distrubted on a CD? ",How is lacquer distrubted on a CD?, rapid spinning +"Based on the details provided in: 'Dave Ward, born 12 July 1959, is a British Trade Unionist and General Secretary of the Communication Workers’ Union (CWU), which was formed through the merger of the Union of Communication Workers and the National Communications Union in 1995. The CWU is the largest Trade Union in the United Kingdom for people working in the Postal and Telecommunications industry with over 200,000 members.' , determine if the claim: 'Dave Ward celebrated his 60th birthday in 2019.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Dave Ward celebrated his 60th birthday in 2019.,"{ contradiction } Dave was born in 1959, so he turned 60 this year." +" The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality. Which group assessed Imperial's staff members to determine their standing in relation to the rest of the world? ",Which group assessed Imperial's staff members to determine their standing in relation to the rest of the world?, Research Assessment Exercise +" In several nations, rulers welcomed leaders of the Enlightenment at court and asked them to help design laws and programs to reform the system, typically to build stronger national states. These rulers are called ""enlightened despots"" by historians. They included Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Leopold II of Tuscany, and Joseph II of Austria. Joseph was over-enthusiastic, announcing so many reforms that had so little support that revolts broke out and his regime became a comedy of errors and nearly all his programs were reversed. Senior ministers Pombal in Portugal and Struensee in Denmark also governed according to Enlightenment ideals. In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year as the nation was partitioned among its neighbors. More enduring were the cultural achievements, which created a nationalist spirit in Poland. In what country was the model constitution of 1791 in effect for only one year? ",In what country was the model constitution of 1791 in effect for only one year?, Poland +" The remaining band members recorded ""Independent Women Part I"", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks. In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. The album spawned other number-one hits, ""Bootylicious"" and the title track, ""Survivor"", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers. What album caused a lawsuit to be filed in 2001? ",What album caused a lawsuit to be filed in 2001?, Survivor +"With the premise: 'Mini-Golf Date
I invited my friend Jane to mini-golf with me, hopefully being a date. She accepted and I picked her up 3 o'clock sharp. She dressed for the occasion, stunning as always. We got to talking and laughing, as I rolled into the parking lot. We got out and got to playing, as I realized she'll have to be mine.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Jane played mini-golf with her date.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Jane played mini-golf with her date.,{ contradiction } This was definitely a date and the two played mini-golf. +" Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. Where does migration mainly occur? ",Where does migration mainly occur?, the northern hemisphere +"Given the premise: 'Ron Hardy (8 May 1958 - 2 March 1992) was a Chicago DJ and producer of early house music. He is well known for playing records at the Muzic Box, a Chicago house music club. Decades after his death, he also is recognized for his edits and mixes of disco, soul music, funk and early house music.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ron Hardy was born in May' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Ron Hardy was born in May,{ contradiction } It is stated that Ron Hardy lived from (8 May 1958 - 2 March 1992). I simply stated Ron was born in May which is true but may have bee hard for the system because it doesn't really say that is what the date means +"With the given context: 'The Real Howard Spitz is a 1998 family comedy film directed by Vadim Jean, produced by Paul Brooks and written by Jurgen Wolff. Starring Kelsey Grammer, Amanda Donohoe and Genevieve Tessier, it is a Canadian and U.K co-production. A failed detective writer, Howard Spitz has hit rock bottom until an 8-year-old girl helps him write children's books.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'An 8-year-old girl helps Howard Spitz write children's books about how he used to be at ""rock bottom"" although he is flourishing at the time they write the books.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","An 8-year-old girl helps Howard Spitz write children's books about how he used to be at ""rock bottom"" although he is flourishing at the time they write the books.","{ neutral } He's not flourishing at the time they write the books, he's at rock bottom." +"Considering the context: 'Calendar » Leads Club - Thursday Co-Ed Luncheon August 30, 2012 from 11:30 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. Join us for our weekly business networking luncheon where you will meet other business owners working together to build their businesses. Our speakers will be Ken Frye of Ken Frye Artisan in Wood and Charlie Mitchell, Charlie the Electrician. Please contact Cheryl Ebner of Santa Barbara Virtual Assistants at 968-1282 with questions or to R.S.V.P.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Someone who is starting an independent plumbing business might be interested in this event' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Someone who is starting an independent plumbing business might be interested in this event,{ neutral } It's an event for small business owners. I think the system got it wrong because the statement requires an inference +"Using the premise: 'I say to the government, to the people of this country and certainly to members of parliament that it is our duty and responsibility to ensure that we are not led down the garden path by ideologies put forward by extremely passionate interventionists, if I can use the term used by the member for Broadview-Greenwood.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The narrator is using their own words and thoughts' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The narrator is using their own words and thoughts,{ entailment } The narrator admits to using the words of other members +" In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time. How many fans saw Queen at Slane castle? ",How many fans saw Queen at Slane castle?," 95,000 " +" In 525 BC, the powerful Achaemenid Persians, led by Cambyses II, began their conquest of Egypt, eventually capturing the pharaoh Psamtik III at the battle of Pelusium. Cambyses II then assumed the formal title of pharaoh, but ruled Egypt from his home of Susa in Persia (modern Iran), leaving Egypt under the control of a satrapy. The entire Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, from 525 BC to 402 BC, save for Petubastis III, was an entirely Persian ruled period, with the Achaemenid kings all being granted the title of pharaoh. A few temporarily successful revolts against the Persians marked the fifth century BC, but Egypt was never able to permanently overthrow the Persians. Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC? ",Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC?, Achaemenid Persians +"Given the detailed context: 'Very Rev James MacGregor DD FRSE (1832-1910) Scottish minister and philanthropist. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1891. In 1886 he was made Chaplain in Ordinary to Queen Victoria, in 1901 Chaplain to King Edward VII, and in 1910 to King George V, serving three monarchs in all.', judge whether the statement: 'Very Rev James MacGregor died the same month he was made Chaplain to King George V' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Very Rev James MacGregor died the same month he was made Chaplain to King George V,{ contradiction } Keywords are important. It doesn't explicitly tell us the month +"With the premise: 'Madrid: Luis Roldan, the former Spanish chief of police who fled the country 10 months ago after allegedly hiving off millions of pounds from secret government funds, was on his way home to a prison cell last night after being captured in Bangkok.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'He gave the money back.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",He gave the money back.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if this is the case. +" Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959. In what year did Alaskan Statehood gain momentum following a territorial referendum? ",In what year did Alaskan Statehood gain momentum following a territorial referendum?, 1946 +" When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, but this brother died at four weeks of age. Four years later, Richard gained a sister, Joan, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, Queens. Though separated by nine years, Joan and Richard were close, as they both shared a natural curiosity about the world. Their mother thought that women did not have the cranial capacity to comprehend such things. Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe. Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind. What happened to Feyman's younger brother? ",What happened to Feyman's younger brother?, died at four weeks of age +" In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto rule over Tibet. Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime? ",Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime? , the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen +" Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia. Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja? ","Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja?", Crimean Tartars +" There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place. How many points does each club receive for each win? ",How many points does each club receive for each win?, Teams receive three points for a win +" Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, ""The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a ""Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story"". The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared, unattributed to Twain, in a Professor Sidgwick’s Greek Prose Composition (p. 116) under the title, ""The Athenian and the Frog""; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's ""Jumping Frog"" story. Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? ",Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? , Mark Twain +" By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. The hierarchical place of theological knowledge had for the most part been displaced and the humanities had become a fixture, and a new openness was beginning to take hold in the construction and dissemination of knowledge that were to become imperative for the formation of the modern state. What replaced theological studies in universities at the completion of the early modern period? ",What replaced theological studies in universities at the completion of the early modern period?, humanities +"Given the premise: 'At that moment the dogs began to bark loudly , and the bear rushed out of the thicket and set off in the direction of the mountain .
Without thinking that they had nothing to defend themselves with , should the bear turn and attack them , the boys gave chase .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'A dog attacked them.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",A dog attacked them.,{ neutral } There is no clue to the dog was attacking them. They escaped from the bear. +"Examine the premise: '""I guess you have to expect this in a growing community,"" said Mardelle Kean, who lives across the street from John Joseph Famalaro, charged in the death of Denise A. Huber, who was 23 when she disappeared in 1991.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Mardelle Kean had one foot.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Mardelle Kean had one foot.,{ entailment } it does not mention Mardelle Kean number of feet. It assumes it is one for some reason. +" The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's ""Draught of the Cherokee Country"" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created ""Tennessee County"", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted ""Tennessee"" as the name of the state. Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular? ",Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?, Draught of the Cherokee Country +"Examine the information in 'OD
My wife's nephew had drug addiction problems for years. He was on methadone, trying to recover from heroin addiction. He celebrated the capture of the Tsarnaev terrorist by shooting up. Unfortunately, he overdosed and died. He was cremated a few days later.' Is the statement: 'Methadone is like heroin.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Methadone is like heroin.,"{ contradiction } The context does not state what the similarities and differences are between methadone and heroin. They could potentially be similar since methadone is used in place of heroin, but I don't even know. " +" The first known use of the word ""computer"" was in 1613 in a book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwait: ""I haue read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that euer breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number."" It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations. The word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations. From the end of what century, did the word ""computer"" take its well known meaning of today? ","From the end of what century, did the word ""computer"" take its well known meaning of today?", 19th century +"From the facts presented in 'Federal Reserve Chairman, Alan Greenspan, warned Friday that recent gains in U.S. home prices, stock values and other forms of wealth may be temporary and could easily erode if long-term interest rates rise.' , decide if the statement: 'Alan Greenspan issued a warning that if the interest rates will rise, home prices will do the same' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Alan Greenspan issued a warning that if the interest rates will rise, home prices will do the same","{ neutral } He said that if the interest rates will rise, home prices will erode, not rise, so my statement is incorrect" +" Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create ""a long-term plan to improve its economic model"". In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout. The AFL also became the third sports league to lose its postseason (the first being Major League Baseball, which lost its postseason in 1994 because of a strike). Efforts to reformat the league's business model were placed under the leadership of Columbus Destroyers owner Jim Renacci and interim commissioner Policy. Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008? ",Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008?, Jim Renacci +" iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has ""altered the landscape for portable audio players"". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA. Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible? ",Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?, Sony Ericsson and Nokia +"Examine the information in 'Garvergården (lit. ""The Tanner's House"") is a half-timbered building complex from circa 1600 situated in Vestergade in Køge, Denmark. Owned by shoemakers and tanner for almost 200 years, from 1732, until the early 1920s, it bears testament to a time when Køge was a centre for shoemaking and tanning. The building fronting the street and a side wing on its rear are listed.' Is the statement: 'Køge, Denmark was once a center for tanning hides' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Køge, Denmark was once a center for tanning hides","{ neutral } The context provides that it's a city known for shoemaking and tanning, the AI was confused because I added ""hides"" which is what is being tanned." +"From the facts presented in '""Both"" is the third single from American rapper Gucci Mane's tenth studio album ""The Return of East Atlanta Santa"". The song features Canadian rapper Drake. The songwriting was partly handled by Atlanta based Nicholas Cobey between spring/summer 2016, the production of the song was provided by Metro Boomin and Southside. This songs marks their second 2016 collaboration following ""Back on Road"".' , decide if the statement: 'Gucci mane and Drake worked together on a collaboration in 2018.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Gucci mane and Drake worked together on a collaboration in 2018.,{ contradiction } Nothing notes what they've done together in 2018. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem or Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, (Latin: ""Basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem"" ) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica and titular church in rione Esquilino, Rome, Italy. It is one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome are minor basilicas' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome are minor basilicas,{ entailment } The specific church mentioned was named as a minor basilica and it was called named as one of the Seven Pilgrim churches but that does not mean that both things are true for the Seven Churches +"Given the context: 'flight
The man boarded a flight. He was seated next to a woman. He talked to the woman. They got along. He had a date with her at the destination.' , classify the statement: 'The man talked to the woman, and then he sat next to the woman.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","The man talked to the woman, and then he sat next to the woman.","{ entailment } Reversing the order of events in the story fooled the model [each event happened, but not in that order]." +" Present-day statutes from across the nation use the same words and phrases, requiring modern executions to take place within a wall or enclosure to exclude public view. Connecticut General Statute § 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an ""enclosure"" which ""shall be so constructed as to exclude public view."" Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 and Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730 contain substantially identical language. New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat. § 31-14-12, required executions be conducted in a ""room or place enclosed from public view."" Similarly, a dormant Massachusetts law, see Mass. Gen. Law ch. 279 § 60, required executions to take place ""within an enclosure or building."" North Carolina General Statute § 15-188 requires death sentences to be executed ""within the walls"" of the penitentiary, as do Oklahoma Statute Title 22 § 1015 and Montana Code § 46-19-103. Ohio Revised Code § 2949.22 requires that ""[t]he enclosure shall exclude public view."" Similarly, Tennessee Code § 40-23-116 requires ""an enclosure"" for ""strict seclusion and privacy."" United States Code Title 18 § 3596 and the Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 limit the witnesses permitted at federal executions. What state's law requires that capital punishment occur ""within the walls"" of a penitentiary? ","What state's law requires that capital punishment occur ""within the walls"" of a penitentiary?", North Carolina +" By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. Who broadened their territory and the use of Catalan in the 8th century? ",Who broadened their territory and the use of Catalan in the 8th century?, Catalan counts +"Considering the context: 'Testimony: The Story of Shostakovich is a 1988 British musical drama film directed by Tony Palmer and starring Ben Kingsley, Sherry Baines and Robert Stephens. The film is based on the memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975) as dictated in the book ""Testimony"" (edited by Solomon Volkov, ISBN  ) and filmed in Panavision. Some consider the book to be a fabrication.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Dmitri Shostakovich may have been lying about his life in this book.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Dmitri Shostakovich may have been lying about his life in this book.,{ neutral } The context states that the story may have been fabricated. +" In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had ""blood on their hands"". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977? ",What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?, Silver +"From the information in: 'The American Horse Council (AHC) is a trade organization in Washington, DC representing the horse industry. The organization formed in 1969, with a committee that became the Coalition of State Horse Councils forming in 1970, now having 43 states participating. American Horse Council Foundation was founded in 1991.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The American Horse Council had 3 states participating in 1991.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The American Horse Council had 3 states participating in 1991.,"{ contradiction } There could have been any number of states participating in 1991, and the fact that I included numbers from the context probably confused the model." +"Analyze the premise: 'Ettore or Edoardo Ettore Forti was an Italian painter, who was prolific in depicting realistic Neo-Pompeian scenes of Ancient Roman life and events. These subjects were popular in the late-Victorian period, as exemplified by the popularity of Lawrence Alma-Tadema, as an example.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Ettore was a good dancer' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ettore was a good dancer,{ contradiction } This information is not provided by the agent +"Based on the details provided in: 'Image copyright Reuters Britain's Mark Cavendish pulled out of the Tour de France after breaking his right shoulder in a crash. The 32-year-old from the Isle of Man collided with the world champion Peter Sagan before hitting the barriers in a sprint finish. Cavendish, who is just five stage wins away from a Tour record for the most victories, said he was ""massively disappointed"". The race doctor says Mark, who won a silver medal at the Rio2016 Olympic Games, needs rest but won't need an operation. Peter Sagan has been disqualified from the race for dangerous riding.' , determine if the claim: 'Mark was born in the late eighties' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mark was born in the late eighties,{ contradiction } If Mark was thirty two years old in the Rio Olympics then he must have been born in the mid to late eighties making my statement correct. The model probably wasn't focused on things like age instead covering other topics +"Given the context: 'The Battle of the Big Hole was fought in Montana, August 9–10, 1877, between the U.S. Army and the Nez Perce tribe of Native Americans during the Nez Perce War. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Nez Perce withdrew in good order from the battlefield and continued their long fighting retreat that would result in their attempt to reach Canada and asylum.' , classify the statement: 'The Battle of the Big Hole did not utilize modern battle techniques' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Battle of the Big Hole did not utilize modern battle techniques,{ entailment } nothing in the statement necessitates this! +"Consider the premise in: 'Web of Passion (also released as Leda, original French title: À double tour) is a 1959 French suspense thriller film directed by Claude Chabrol and based on the novel ""The Key to Nicholas Street"" by American writer Stanley Ellin. It was Chabrol's first film in the thriller genre, which would be his genre of choice for the rest of his career. The film had a total of 1,445,587 admissions in France.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The director only made similar films from then on.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The director only made similar films from then on.,{ neutral } He only made films in the same genre for the rest of his career. +" Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that ""As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime."" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England. What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in? ",What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?, his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends +" About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ridges. The apparently simple morphology, scarcely differentiated structures, metabolic systems and enzymes still active at very low temperatures, and reduced life cycles shown by such fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. In particular, their thick-walled and strongly melanized cells make them resistant to UV light. Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica. This has led to speculation that, if life ever occurred on Mars, it might have looked similar to Antarctic fungi such as Cryomyces minteri. Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica. Endemic Antarctic fungi also include certain dung-inhabiting species which have had to evolve in response to the double challenge of extreme cold while growing on dung, and the need to survive passage through the gut of warm-blooded animals. How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica? ",How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?, 1150 +" The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP. However, one study has suggested that the early-middle Jurassic plant Schmeissneria, traditionally considered a type of ginkgo, may be the earliest known angiosperm, or at least a close relative. In addition, circumstantial chemical evidence has been found for the existence of angiosperms as early as 250 million years ago. Oleanane, a secondary metabolite produced by many flowering plants, has been found in Permian deposits of that age together with fossils of gigantopterids. Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves. What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants? ",What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants?, Gigantopterids +" Russia, as a member of the Holy Alliance, had operated as the ""police of Europe"", maintaining the balance of power that had been established in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling its problems with the Ottoman Empire — the ""sick man of Europe"". The United Kingdom could not tolerate Russian dominance of Ottoman affairs, as that would challenge the British domination of the eastern Mediterranean. What treaty was signing in 1815? ",What treaty was signing in 1815?, Treaty of Vienna +" Han Chinese Banners were made up of Han Chinese who defected to the Qing up to 1644 and joined the Eight Banners, giving them social and legal privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. This multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority conquered China for the Qing. Who made up the Han Chinese Banners? ",Who made up the Han Chinese Banners?, Han Chinese +" The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material. Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response. Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as an ""absolute disgrace"" and he faced criticism too from Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson. A statement was issued on 13 June explaining that Miliband ""was promoting England's bid to win the World Cup"", although ""he understands the anger that is felt towards the Sun over Hillsborough by many people in Merseyside and he is sorry to those who feel offended."" Who criticized Milliband for posing with a copy of The Sun showing the Hillsborough disaster? ",Who criticized Milliband for posing with a copy of The Sun showing the Hillsborough disaster?," Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson " +"Reflect on the information in: 'Crawford County (county code CR) is a county located in Southeast Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 39,134. Its county seat is Girard, and its most populous city is Pittsburg. The county was named in honor of Samuel J. Crawford, Governor of Kansas.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Crawford County was named in honor of Jonathan J Crawford, Governor of Kansas.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","Crawford County was named in honor of Jonathan J Crawford, Governor of Kansas.","{ entailment } The statement was incorrect as the correct name of the former governor was Samuel J Crawford not Jonathon J Crawford, I think that the system struggled with this as the names were similar." +"Given the context: 'CapX is a British online news website and aggregator founded by the Centre for Policy Studies, and features columnists and contributors such as Tim Montgomerie, Daniel Hannan and V. S. Naipaul. The site offers original content and aggregated news and blogs, and features opinion on politics, economics, and business issues.' , classify the statement: 'CapX has multiple authors named Daniel Hannan' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",CapX has multiple authors named Daniel Hannan,"{ entailment } There is at least one author named Daniel Hannan, but it's possible there is another " +"Examine the information in 'I have got a comprehensive strategy to not only chase down the Al Qaida, wherever it exists -- and we're making progress; three-quarters of Al Qaida leaders have been brought to justice -- but to make sure that countries that harbor terrorists are held to account.' Is the statement: '50% of Al Qaida leaders have escaped justice' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",50% of Al Qaida leaders have escaped justice,"{ neutral } It is incorrect because it says that 75% of the leaders have been brought to justice, so 50% couldn't have escaped. No more than 25% could have. The system possibly doesn't translate three-quarters to 75%" +" The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly filled with small fecal pellets may be evidence that earthworms were present in the early Triassic period from 251 to 245 million years ago. Body fossils going back to the mid Ordovician, from 472 to 461 million years ago, have been tentatively classified as oligochaetes, but these identifications are uncertain and some have been disputed. When were the earliest annelid fossils found? ",When were the earliest annelid fossils found?, 472 to 461 million years ago +"Given the context: 'Baghdad Tower (Arabic: برج بغداد‎ ‎ ) (previously called International Saddam Tower) is a 205 m TV tower in Baghdad, Iraq. The tower opened in 1994 and replaced a communications tower destroyed in the Gulf War. A revolving restaurant and observation deck are located on the top floor. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the tower was occupied by American soldiers and was renamed.' , classify the statement: 'Baghdad Tower is now known as International Saddam Tower' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Baghdad Tower is now known as International Saddam Tower,{ entailment } It is the other way round. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Carl Andreas Koefoed (known in Russian as Андре́й Андре́евич Кофо́д , ""Andrey Andreyevich Kofod""; 16 October 1855, Skanderborg, Denmark – 7 February 1948, Copenhagen) was a Danish agronomist active in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. He was the brother of Danish chemist Emil Koefoed.' , determine if the claim: 'An expert in the science of soil management was active in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",An expert in the science of soil management was active in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century.,"{ neutral } Agronomist means an expert in the science of soil management and crop production. The agent states a Danish agronomist was active in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. Therefore, the statement is correct. The AI system isn't proficient perhaps with word definitions." +" The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from: Pouka, (Hernandia peltata); Ngia or Ingia bush, (Pemphis acidula); Miro, (Thespesia populnea); Tonga, (Rhizophora mucronata); Fau or Fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus). and fibre from: coconut; Ferra, native fig (Ficus aspem); Fala, screw pine or Pandanus. The buildings were constructed without nails and were lashed and tied together with a plaited sennit rope that was handmade from dried coconut fibre. What construction feature was lacking in Tuvaluan building? ",What construction feature was lacking in Tuvaluan building?, nails +" The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang. Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama? ",Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama?, Güshi Khan +"Considering the context: 'Quick Chek is a privately owned, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey based chain of convenience stores with 140 stores in New Jersey and New York. The first store opened in Dunellen, New Jersey in 1967, and has since then grown into a chain. Several stores include pharmacies, gas stations, and liquor departments.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'only one Quick Chek was in business until 1983' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",only one Quick Chek was in business until 1983,"{ contradiction } it is not known when they expanded, only that is has happened by now" +"Given the premise: 'Paradaphoenus is a physically small member of the extinct family of terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, family Amphicyonidae (""bear dog""), and which inhabited North America from the Early Oligocene subepoch to the Early Miocene subepoch living 33.9—16.3 Ma, existing for approximately .' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Paradaphoenus is a smallest member of the extinct family of terrestrial carnivores' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Paradaphoenus is a smallest member of the extinct family of terrestrial carnivores,{ entailment } It is a small but not smallest. +" A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the “essential basis” of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parties, and if the obligations are still to be performed. A party cannot base this claim on change brought about by its own breach of the treaty. This claim also cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew political boundaries.[citation needed] In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty? ","In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty?", unforeseen +" The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 500 and 1,000 m (1,640 and 3,281 ft), depending on the location. The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft). The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall. How many zones are the Alps split into? ",How many zones are the Alps split into?, five climatic zones +" The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well. What is one of the names the Greeks call their country? ",What is one of the names the Greeks call their country?, Hellas +" Madonna starred in the film Swept Away, directed by Ritchie. Released direct-to-video in the UK, the film was a commercial and critical failure. In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as ""the evening's biggest disappointment"" by one. That October, she released ""Die Another Day"", the title song of the James Bond film Die Another Day, in which she had a cameo role, described by The Guardian film reviewer as ""incredibly wooden"". The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song. What was Madonna's title song for the James Bond movie? ",What was Madonna's title song for the James Bond movie?, Die Another Day +"With the premise: 'The Yemeni Islamic Jihad group emerged in 1992, and it is comprised of old warriors from Afghanistan.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Yemeni Islamic Jihad is located in Afghanistan.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Yemeni Islamic Jihad is located in Afghanistan.,{ entailment } It doesn't state the location. +" According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°44.74′W / 42.22300°N 83.74567°W / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m). What is the landscape of Ann Arbor like? ",What is the landscape of Ann Arbor like?, hills and valleys +"Using the premise: 'Mini golf
Ann and her friend went mini golfing. The two had fun back and forth. Ann was winning at first. But then she hit the ball and it went in the water. She thought it was hilarious and got another ball.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Ann won the game of golf.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Ann won the game of golf.,"{ contradiction } The text only states that Ann was winning at first, not who won the game." +"Examine the information in 'Lucy Elizabeth Fry (born 13 March 1992) is an Australian actress. She is known for portraying Zoey in ""Lightning Point"", Lyla in """", and Vasilisa Dragomir in the film ""Vampire Academy"". Fry was also cast in Hulu's eight part miniseries ""11.22.63"" as Marina Oswald, wife of Lee Harvey Oswald, and played the lead in the 2016 Australian horror television series ""Wolf Creek"".' Is the statement: 'Lucy Fry is an actress that hails from the land of koalas and Kangaroos' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Lucy Fry is an actress that hails from the land of koalas and Kangaroos,"{ contradiction } Australia is known as the land of Kangaroos, the system probably did not know that" +" Dell announced a change campaign called ""Dell 2.0,"" reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products. While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw immediate changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company. Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the ""Dell 2.0"" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of ""bureaucracy"". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices. Michael Dell removed employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive? ",Michael Dell removed employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive?, 2006 +"Given the premise: 'The Ptolemaic dynasty (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι , ""Ptolemaioi""), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Ancient Greek: Λαγίδαι , ""Lagidai"", after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'There were no dynasties after the Lagids' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",There were no dynasties after the Lagids,{ contradiction } The Lagids were the last dynasy of ancient Egypt +"Reflect on the information in: 'Kim Da-som (born May 6, 1993), better known mononymously as Dasom, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is best known as a former member of South Korean girl group Sistar under Starship Entertainment. She has acted in films and television dramas, including ""Family"" (2012–2013), ""Melody of Love"" (2013–2014) and ""The Virtual Bride"" (2015).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Kim Da-som was from the southern hemisphere' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Kim Da-som was from the southern hemisphere,{ entailment } system does not understand the concept of northern/southern hemisphere +"From the facts presented in 'An adorably chubby tabby cat looked up when he heard his human call his name, showing a spark of interest when she bounced a ping-pong ball towards his direction for him to chase. Midway through his retrieval process however, the lazy tabby decided that he would rather play dead instead.' , decide if the statement: 'tabby cats are a playful breed' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",tabby cats are a playful breed,{ contradiction } there is no evidence to support nor deny this claim +"Given the premise: 'Soul Ballet is a musical project of actor, producer, arranger, programmer, and multi-instrumentalist Rick Kelly ""RK."" Soul Ballet’s music is smooth contemporary jazz/electronica, characterized as pulsating electronic beats entwined with a dark, moody atmosphere.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Soul Ballet is a musical artist' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Soul Ballet is a musical artist,{ contradiction } Soul Ballet is indeed a musical artist +"Reflect on the information in: 'The New Ulm Oil Company Service Station is a historic gas station in New Ulm, Minnesota. The private, commercial structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on December 31, 1979. Its strong, fanciful visual images exemplify independent gas station designs of the 1920s.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The station is ugly.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The station is ugly.,{ contradiction } Subjective opinion. +"Given the context: 'Kristine Valdresdatter is a Norwegian silent film from 1930. This was the last silent film produced in Norway and it was directed by Rasmus Breistein. Breistein also wrote the script, which was based on Hans Andersen Foss's novel ""Kristine: En fortælling fra Valdres"" (Kristine: A Tale from Valdres). The film premiered on December 26, 1930 and it has been aired several times by NRK.' , classify the statement: 'Valdresdatter appeared in 30 films in her lifetime.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Valdresdatter appeared in 30 films in her lifetime.,{ contradiction } It is not known in this paragraph how many films that Valdresdatter was in her career. The system couldn't deduce that information either. +"With the given context: 'Te Rerenga is a locality on the Whangapoua Harbour, Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. State Highway 25 runs through it. Coromandel is 12 km to the west. Whitianga lies to the south east. The Waitekuri and Opitonui Rivers flow from the Coromandel Range in the west and south through the area to drain in the Whangapoua Harbour.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Te Rerenga is State Highway 25.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Te Rerenga is State Highway 25.,"{ entailment } Te Rerenga is a locality, not a state highway." +"Analyze the premise: 'Dustin Michael Tokarski (born September 16, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the San Diego Gulls of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was born in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, but grew up in neighbouring' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Dustin Tokarski is not a centerman in the San Diego Gulls.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Dustin Tokarski is not a centerman in the San Diego Gulls.,{ entailment } Given the statement one can see Dustin is a goaltender but it is not known whether he plays other positions in the team +"Based on the details provided in: 'Madina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album ""From Them, Through Us, to You"" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017.' , determine if the claim: 'Madina Lake recorded their debut album in 2006.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Madina Lake recorded their debut album in 2006.,"{ contradiction } The text does not mention when Madina Lake recorded their debut album, but 2006 is plausible since it is before it was released and after the band formed. The system thinks it is definitely incorrect because 2006 is not mentioned in the text." +"From the information in: 'The 1919 PGA Championship was the second PGA Championship, which is now considered one of golf's major championships. It was held September 16–20 at the Engineers Country Club in Roslyn Harbor, New York, east of New York City on Long Island in Nassau County.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The 1919 PGA Championship had other championships come after it.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 1919 PGA Championship had other championships come after it.,"{ neutral } It said that the PGA championship is now one of the major ones.... which means that there were definitely more of these that came after it. From the passage, we know this has to be true. " +"Given the context: 'Penthouse is a 1933 American Pre-Code crime film starring Warner Baxter as a lawyer and Myrna Loy, as a call girl who helps him with a murder case. It was directed by W. S. Van Dyke and written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, based on a novel by Arthur Somers Roche. The film was later remade as the more sanitized ""Society Lawyer"" (1939), without the risqué pre-Code dialogue.' , classify the statement: 'Penthouse was released 7 years before society lawyer.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Penthouse was released 7 years before society lawyer.,{ entailment } Penthouse was released 6 years before Society Lawyer not 7. I think that the AI has trouble with Math and possibly with the lack of capitalization on society lawyer. +"Using the premise: 'Jonathan Michael Lovitz (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor and singer, best known as a cast member of ""Saturday Night Live"" from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in ""The Critic"" and has appeared in numerous other television series and films.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Jonathan Michael Lovitz was born in untied states' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Jonathan Michael Lovitz was born in untied states,"{ neutral } Jonathan Michael Lovitz (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian," +"Examine the information in 'The bill relates specifically to the fact that under the current provisions of the legislation, if a bill arrives in the hands of a member or a candidate following the election, if it was not received within the required time period in which a candidate or his or her official agent may pay the bill, the only process available now to the member to be able to pay that bill is to get a court order allowing that to happen.' Is the statement: 'The bill is something real' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The bill is something real,{ neutral } The bill has to do with politics +"From the information in: 'Finally, although we agree completely with the protection of health, as I mentioned earlier, we have not forgotten that this is a provincial jurisdiction and that Bill C-71 allowed the federal government once again to interfere in a sector that the provinces are quite capable of managing on their own, as evidenced by the recent tobacco legislation passed in Quebec City.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'They agree somewhat on the issue of health' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They agree somewhat on the issue of health,"{ entailment } This statement is definitely incorrect, because they do not agree ""somewhat,"" they agree ""completely."" The system may have gotten hung up on the word ""agree,"" disregarding the adverb ""somewhat.""" +"Analyze the premise: 'Contrast the Leitrim story with that of Rita Levi-Montalcini, an Italian Nobel laureate who turned 100 last Wednesday. She still attends for work every day at the European Brain Research Institute in Rome, which she founded. She was appointed a senator for life in 2001, and in 2006, aged 97, she attended the opening assembly of the newly elected senate. She takes part in discussions in the Upper House, and in 2004 defended the teaching of evolution in Italian schools. There is no record of her having claimed a day off because of festival commitments. Apparently she even manages to work right through the Rose of Tralee without lifting her head from her Petri dish.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'They are under 100 years old.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They are under 100 years old.,{ entailment } They just turned 100. +"Examine the premise: 'Honourable senators, on November 16, the Honourable Jean-Maurice Simard called the attention of the Senate to the current situation vis--vis the development and vitality of francophone and Acadian communities, its gradual deterioration, the growing indifference of governments over the past ten years, and the lack of access to services in French.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Honourable Jean-Maurice Simard called the attention of the Senate to the current situation on an even-numbered day.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Honourable Jean-Maurice Simard called the attention of the Senate to the current situation on an even-numbered day.,"{ contradiction } He called the attention on the 16th, and 16 is an even number. It's difficult because the system might not know what even/odd numbers are." +" The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 53,158 people (at the 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,[note 2] Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital. How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 2011? ",How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 2011?," 53,158 " +"Consider the premise in: 'How to celebrate small victories in recovery
Continue your treatment. The single most effective way to celebrate recovery is to maintain it. Dealing with a mental health condition or addiction is challenging.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'This article is talking about recovering from a broken bone.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",This article is talking about recovering from a broken bone.,"{ neutral } It's definitely incorrect because ""recovery"" in this context is referring to addictions or mental health conditions as mentioned in the last sentence. It's difficult because verifying the statement requires a high-level understanding of what it's about." +"From the information in: 'Jerry Janezich (born March 16, 1950) is a Minnesota politician, a former member of the Minnesota legislature, and a former candidate for the United States Senate. Janezich served two terms in the Minnesota House of Representatives, and two terms in the Minnesota Senate.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Jerry Janezich is alive.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jerry Janezich is alive.,"{ entailment } The context does not explicitly state Jerry Janezich's current status, but I think the system inferred that he was alive." +" The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts. On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius? ","On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?", 5–6 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Yes, yes. But it's not a statement about his heart. I don't claim to know his heart. I think he's a good person. I make no allegations about that. I believe him when he says that he has a good heart. I know enough about your story to admire a lot of the things that you have done as a person.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The statement references the four chambers of the heart.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The statement references the four chambers of the heart.,{ neutral } Says nothing about the chambers. +" Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,[a] a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism.[b] The term derives from the letter of protestation from Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical? ",Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical?, Martin Luther +" The anti-bullying It Gets Better Project expanded from a single YouTube video directed to discouraged or suicidal LGBT teens, that within two months drew video responses from hundreds including U.S. President Barack Obama, Vice President Biden, White House staff, and several cabinet secretaries. Similarly, in response to fifteen-year-old Amanda Todd's video ""My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm"", legislative action was undertaken almost immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of bullying and form a national anti-bullying strategy. What was done after Amanda Todd's death? ",What was done after Amanda Todd's death?, legislative action was undertaken +"Considering the context: 'He endeared himself to artists by helping them in lean years and following their careers, said Henry Hopkins, chairman of UCLA's art department, director of the UCLA/Armand Hammer Museum and Cultural Center and former director of the Weisman foundation.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Henry Hopkins has never been to Houston.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Henry Hopkins has never been to Houston.,"{ contradiction } There isn't anything in the text that would prove or disprove this, so we don't know for sure. I guess it's difficult because the system thinks UCLA is somehow connected to Houston, not sure." +" Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة‎, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madaris are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum. How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim? ",How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim?, Not all +" Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or ""Boxers."" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials. Who invaded China? ",Who invaded China?," A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Dean Carroll Jones (January 25, 1931 – September 1, 2015) was an American actor best known for his roles as Agent Zeke Kelso in ""That Darn Cat!"" (1965), Jim Douglas in ""The Love Bug"" (1968), Albert Dooley in ""The Million Dollar Duck"" (1971; for which he received a Golden Globe nomination) and Dr. Herman Varnick in ""Beethoven"" (1992).' , determine if the claim: 'Dean Carroll Jones lived in the UK in his early twenties' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Dean Carroll Jones lived in the UK in his early twenties,{ contradiction } Nothing was mention about where Dean Carroll Jones lived in his early twenties so it can't be verified. It was difficult for the system because because some words are not in the context +"From the information in: 'Once Susan had told him that if he touched his tongue to a frosty latch all the skin would tear off it .
Jem had promptly done it , `` just to see if it was so . ''
He found it was `` so , '' at the cost of a very sore tongue for several days .
But Jem did not grudge suffering in the interests of science .' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Susan and Jem are both adults.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Susan and Jem are both adults.,"{ entailment } The text does not describe the ages of the two people involved in this ""experiment"", so they can be children or adults." +"Given the premise: 'Sin Dizzy was a Christian metal band co-founded by former Stryper members Oz Fox and Tim Gaines. The band was founded in the mid-1990s after Stryper had disbanded. Its members included young drummer and lead guitarist . Bass player Gaines described their sound as ""a cross between [the] Stone Temple Pilots and Nirvana"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Its members included young drummer John Bocanegra.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Its members included young drummer John Bocanegra.,{ contradiction } It did not give the bass players name so it is uncertain who it was but the system marked it wrong because of the name. +"Analyze the premise: 'The 1993 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Broncos competed in the Big Sky Conference and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. Led by first-year head coach Pokey Allen, Boise State finished the season 3–8 overall and 1–6 in conference.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Pokey Allen was fired as head coach of the Boise State Broncos football team in 1993.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Pokey Allen was fired as head coach of the Boise State Broncos football team in 1993.,"{ contradiction } The information provided neither confirms nor denies the claim that I have written. It is possible based off the poor performance of the 1993 football team, however the paragraph does not provide enough information." +"Given the premise: 'ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — Alaska Airlines is pulling two non-stop flights for Albuquerque International Sunport while adding two non-stop flights to El Paso. The airline announced last week it was ending its non-stop services from Albuquerque to San Francisco and Orange County because of a lack of demand. The Sunport says flights on the airline to Portland, Seattle and San Diego will remain. Meanwhile, Alaska Airlines says it will add direct daily flights from El Paso to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport and San Diego International Airport.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Alaska Airlines announce that is was ending its non-stop services between San Francisco and Orange County.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Alaska Airlines announce that is was ending its non-stop services between San Francisco and Orange County.,"{ entailment } Alaska Airlines made no mention of flights between those two cities, but the system did not recognize that neither was a point of origin for the cancelled flights." +"From the information in: '""It is hard to find words to capture the fact that humans are facing the most important question in their history—whether organized human life will survive in anything like the form we know—and are answering it by accelerating the race to disaster."" Noam Chomsky' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The writer is paraphrasing Chomsky.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The writer is paraphrasing Chomsky.,"{ neutral } The statement is a direct quote, not a paraphrase, by Chomsky, as indicated by the quote marks." + The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg What country is Salzburg in? ,What country is Salzburg in?, Austrian +" One usage—the more common among linguists—refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes ""a dialect"", including any standard varieties. Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect? ","Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?", social class +" Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that most placental orders diverged about 100 to 85 million years ago and that modern families appeared in the period from the late Eocene through the Miocene. But paleontologists object that no placental fossils have been found from before the end of the Cretaceous. The earliest undisputed fossils of placentals come from the early Paleocene, after the extinction of the dinosaurs. In particular, scientists have recently identified an early Paleocene animal named Protungulatum donnae as one of the first placental mammals. The earliest known ancestor of primates is Archicebus achilles from around 55 million years ago. This tiny primate weighed 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce) and could fit within a human palm. How much did the first primate weigh? ",How much did the first primate weigh?, 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce) +" From the German point of view, March 1941 saw an improvement. The Luftwaffe flew 4,000 sorties that month, including 12 major and three heavy attacks. The electronic war intensified but the Luftwaffe flew major inland missions only on moonlit nights. Ports were easier to find and made better targets. To confuse the British, radio silence was observed until the bombs fell. X- and Y-Gerät beams were placed over false targets and switched only at the last minute. Rapid frequency changes were introduced for X-Gerät, whose wider band of frequencies and greater tactical flexibility ensured it remained effective at a time when British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät. How many sorties were flown in March 1941? ",How many sorties were flown in March 1941?," 4,000 " +" Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing children's books, and filmmaking. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records). In 2007 she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation. Which year did Madonna sign a $120 million deal with Live Nation? ",Which year did Madonna sign a $120 million deal with Live Nation?, 2007 +"Given the detailed context: 'Wallace Michael Ross (19 September 1920 – 20 January 2010) was the founder of the Derby Bach Choir. He was also the Master of Music at Derby Cathedral, assistant organist at several great English Cathedrals, teacher of languages and music at several schools including Sturgess School in Derby. He also founded the Derby Cathedral Brass Ensemble and the Derby Sinfonia.', judge whether the statement: 'Wallace Michael Ross did not die in the 20th century' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Wallace Michael Ross did not die in the 20th century,{ contradiction } Wallace Michael Ross was born in the 20th century +"Given the premise: 'Allen was renowned for his skill at scratch-building and creating scenery, and he pioneered the technique of weathering his models to make them look old and more realistic.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Allen's landscape depictions made him popular' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Allen's landscape depictions made him popular,"{ neutral } it states that he was famous for creating scenery, also called landscape" +"Given the premise: 'Ime Sunday Udoka ( ; born August 9, 1977) is a Nigerian-American former professional basketball player and current assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played internationally with the Nigeria national basketball team.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Ime Sunday Udoka played for more than one team in the NBA, one of which was the Spurs.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Ime Sunday Udoka played for more than one team in the NBA, one of which was the Spurs.",{ entailment } We don't know how many teams he paid for in the NBA. +"Using the premise: 'Colliers Mills Wildlife Management Area is a 12906.63 acre wildlife management area located within Jackson and Plumsted townships, Ocean County, New Jersey. Success Lake is located within the management area. The area is part of the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Colliers Mills Wildlife Management Area is just below 12906 acres.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Colliers Mills Wildlife Management Area is just below 12906 acres.,{ entailment } it is just over that size not just below. the system couldn't figure out the decimals made it just over +"Examine the premise: 'How to obtain a disabled parking permit in new york
Ask your doctor for a certification. You can save yourself the trouble of being denied a disability tag from new york state by talking to your doctor. If they say you do, find the application on the new york dmv's website.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The doctor can give you a disability tag.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The doctor can give you a disability tag.,"{ entailment } This is wrong, they can approve you but you have to apply through the DMV." +"Reflect on the information in: 'The River Ure is a river in North Yorkshire, England, approximately 74 mi long from its source to the point where it changes name to the River Ouse. It is the principal river of Wensleydale, which is the only one of the major Dales now named after a village rather than its river. The old name for the valley was Yoredale after the river that runs through it.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The river is located in a town with the abbreviation NY' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The river is located in a town with the abbreviation NY,"{ neutral } North yorkshire abbreviated is NY, therefor making it correct. I think the model is confused by abbreviations " +" In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. The Tangut Empire was especially efficient in such efforts; exploiting the then newly invented block printing, and with the full support of the government (contemporary sources describe the Emperor and his mother personally contributing to the translation effort, alongside sages of various nationalities), the Tanguts took mere decades to translate volumes that had taken the Chinese centuries to render.[citation needed] What Empire was especially good at translation? ",What Empire was especially good at translation?, The Tangut Empire +" Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that ""as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment."" For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions. How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution? ",How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?, 148 +"Analyze the premise: 'How to treat syphilis
Recognize the early symptoms of syphilis. If you think you have syphilis, then you will need to seek a diagnosis and medical treatment. Syphilis has multiple stages with different types of symptoms.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'How to treat syphilis depends on the stage of syphilis you're diagnosed with.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",How to treat syphilis depends on the stage of syphilis you're diagnosed with.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say any details on how to treat syphilis. However, it is said it has multiple stages and one needs to seek a medical treatment if any symptoms had been recognized." +"Given the premise: 'Police said that a 21-year-old man was discovered after he had been shot in South Jamaica on Aug. 18 and is in critical condition. Just before 9:30 p.m., police responded to a shooting at 104-46 164th St and discovered the victim, whose name has not been released, at the scene. The victim was shot in the thigh and transported to Jamaica Hospital, where he is currently listed in critical condition. No arrests have been made in the incident.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The victim was less than a quarter century old' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The victim was less than a quarter century old,{ contradiction } 21 is less than 25. I think the system got it wrong because I used unfamiliar concepts +"From the information in: 'Honda also released a video where a humanoid robot named Asimo was operated by a person wearing the helmet. The employee was stated to be thinking about raising his right hand, after which Asimo moved its right arm. Honda states that it could be quite some time before the technology is ready to go live due to difficulties such as the human brain's liability to become distracted, creating mixed thought patterns. A related problem is the amount of focus required by the operator. ""Practical uses are still way into the future."" said Honda Research Institute Japan Co executive, Yasuhisa Arai. ""I'm [just] talking about dreams today.""' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The video showed a man controlling Asimov with his brain.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The video showed a man controlling Asimov with his brain.,{ contradiction } Honda also released a video where a humanoid robot named Asimo was operated by a person wearing the helmet. +" The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster, Clear Channel Communications; CBS Radio, Midwest Television, Lincoln Financial Media, Finest City Broadcasting, and many other smaller stations and networks. Stations include: KOGO AM 600, KFMB AM 760, KCEO AM 1000, KCBQ AM 1170, K-Praise, KLSD AM 1360 Air America, KFSD 1450 AM, KPBS-FM 89.5, Channel 933, Star 94.1, FM 94/9, FM News and Talk 95.7, Q96 96.1, KyXy 96.5, Free Radio San Diego (AKA Pirate Radio San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, KSON 97.3/92.1, KXSN 98.1, Jack-FM 100.7, 101.5 KGB-FM, KLVJ 102.1, Rock 105.3, and another Pirate Radio station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations. What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Diego? ",What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Diego?, Clear Channel Communications +"With the given context: 'The Local Government (Northern Ireland) Act 1972 (1972 c. 9) was an Act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland that constituted district councils to administer the twenty-six local government districts created by the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971, and abolished the existing local authorities in Northern Ireland.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971 qas an act to abolished the distric councils' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971 qas an act to abolished the distric councils,{ contradiction } The Local Government (Northern Ireland) Act 1972 (1972 c. 9) abbolished the 197m but the 1971 act could be for any other reason +" Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem, for the infinitude of primes, and worked on the five Platonic solids. Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth. His calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (again with remarkable accuracy). Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. Known as the ""Father of Geography "", Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians, based on the available geographical knowledge of the era. Who was the Father of Geomtery? ",Who was the Father of Geomtery?, Eratosthenes +"Examine the premise: 'How to make creamy macaroni and cheese
Prepare. You'll want to prepare all of your ingredients before you start cooking, so everything is ready to go! Shred your cheeses. Start by shredding your cheddar cheese if it isn't already.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'If you are making macaroni and cheese, then you must use some type of pasta to go with the cheese.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","If you are making macaroni and cheese, then you must use some type of pasta to go with the cheese.",{ neutral } You can't make traditional mac and cheese without some form of pasta such as elbow. +" The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters. In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live? ",In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live?, small farms +" After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brotherhood's influence over his cadres' activities without severing ties with the organization. Nasser was sent as a member of the Egyptian delegation to Rhodes in February 1949 to negotiate a formal armistice with Israel, and reportedly considered the terms to be humiliating, particularly because the Israelis were able to easily occupy the Eilat region while negotiating with the Arabs in March. What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood? ",What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood?, religious agenda +"Based on the details provided in: 'Humphrey Arthur Gilkes MC & Three Bars (13 October 1895 – 11 July 1945) was a British soldier and doctor. He is one of four soldiers to have been awarded the Military Cross four times, all in the First World War. He was a medical officer in the Colonial Medical Service between the wars. He also served in the British Army in the Second World War, and was killed in an aeroplane crash at Djibouti.' , determine if the claim: 'humphrey gilkes was nearing his 50th birthday when he passed' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",humphrey gilkes was nearing his 50th birthday when he passed,{ neutral } he died about 3 months before his 50th birthday +" The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station. Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network. Which port in Melborne is the busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo? ",Which port in Melborne is the busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo?, Port of Melbourne +"With the premise: 'The Socialist Party of Maine is a multi-tendency democratic socialist political party in the U.S. state of Maine. During its first incarnation in the early 20th century, prominent members included naturalist Norman Wallace Lermond of Warren and artist Charles L. Fox of Portland, both of whom ran for Governor as Socialist Party nominees.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Socialist Party of Maine is a legitimate party' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Socialist Party of Maine is a legitimate party,{ neutral } The Socialist Party of Maine is definitely a legitimate political party. +" The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until the middle of the 20th century, much of the progress in neuroscience came from the development of better cell stains and better microscopes. Neuroanatomists study the large-scale structure of the brain as well as the microscopic structure of neurons and their components, especially synapses. Among other tools, they employ a plethora of stains that reveal neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity. In recent years, the development of immunostaining techniques has allowed investigation of neurons that express specific sets of genes. Also, functional neuroanatomy uses medical imaging techniques to correlate variations in human brain structure with differences in cognition or behavior. The oldest known method of studying the brain is what? ",The oldest known method of studying the brain is what?," anatomical, " +"Given the detailed context: 'The resignation came amid recent allegations by Massachusetts' attorney general that the Boston archdiocese engaged in ""an elaborate scheme"" to keep quiet the issue of child sexual abuse by priests.', judge whether the statement: 'The elaborate scheme had not yet been proven when the attorney general made this claim.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The elaborate scheme had not yet been proven when the attorney general made this claim.,"{ neutral } If they were allegations, the claim was not yet proven. This is a logical inference that the model missed." +" The Lost Pubs Project listed 28,095 closed pubs on 21 April 2015, with photographs of many. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants. How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog? ",How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?," 28,095 " +" Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren ""represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court"". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court. Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice? ",Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?, Warren +"With the premise: 'Melophobia is the third studio album by American rock band Cage the Elephant. Recorded at St. Charles in Nashville, Tennessee and produced by Jay Joyce, the album was released on October 8, 2013 through RCA Records. It is also the final album that features lead guitarist Lincoln Parish.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Melophobia came after Cage the Elephant's second album.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Melophobia came after Cage the Elephant's second album.,{ neutral } Its their third album +"From the information in: 'International Cycling Classic, also known as the Point Premium Root Beer or simply SuperWeek, was a 17-race series over 17 days open to licensed amateur and professional cyclists. The series took place primarily in the area surrounding Milwaukee, Wisconsin.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'SuperWeek is not a week long.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",SuperWeek is not a week long.,{ contradiction } It's 17 days. +" In 2001, Apple introduced Mac OS X, based on Darwin and NEXTSTEP; its new features included the Dock and the Aqua user interface. During the transition, Apple included a virtual machine subsystem known as Classic, allowing users to run Mac OS 9 applications under Mac OS X 10.4 and earlier on PowerPC machines. Apple introduced Mac OS X 10.8 in February, and it was made available in the summer of 2012. Mountain Lion includes many new features, such as Mission Control, the Mac App Store (available to Mac OS X v10.6.6 ""Snow Leopard."" users by software update), Launchpad, an application viewer and launcher akin to the iOS Home Screen, and Resume, a feature similar to the hibernate function found in Microsoft Windows. The most recent version is OS X El Capitan . In addition to Mavericks, all new Macs are bundled with assorted Apple-produced applications, including iLife, the Safari web browser and the iTunes media player. Apple introduced Mavericks at WWDC 2013 in June, and released it on October 15 of that year. It is free of charge to everyone running Snow Leopard or later and is compatible with most Macs from 2007 and later. Mavericks brought a lot of the iOS apps, functions, and feel to the Mac as well as better multi display support, iBooks, Maps, app nap, and other upgrades to improve performance and battery life. What brought better multi display support to Mac? ",What brought better multi display support to Mac?, Mavericks +" Avialans diversified into a wide variety of forms during the Cretaceous Period. Many groups retained primitive characteristics, such as clawed wings and teeth, though the latter were lost independently in a number of avialan groups, including modern birds (Aves). While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia. In the late Cretaceous, around 95 million years ago, the ancestor of all modern birds also evolved a better sense of smell. When did the ancestor of all modern birds evolve a better sense of smell? ",When did the ancestor of all modern birds evolve a better sense of smell?, late Cretaceous +" Residents of Norfolk Island do not pay Australian federal taxes, creating a tax haven for locals and visitors alike. Because there is no income tax, the island's legislative assembly raises money through an import duty, fuel levy, medicare levy, GST of 12% and local/international phone calls. In a move that apparently surprised many islanders the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island, David Buffett, announced on 6 November 2010 that the island would voluntarily surrender its tax free status in return for a financial bailout from the federal government to cover significant debts. The introduction of income taxation will now come into effect on July 1, 2016, with a variation of opinion on the island about these changes but with many understanding that for the island's governance to continue there is a need to pay into the commonwealth revenue pool so that the island can have assistance in supporting its delivery of State government responsibilities such as health, education, medicare, and infrastructure. Prior to these reforms residents of Norfolk Island were not entitled to social services. It appears that the reforms do extend to companies and trustees and not only individuals. Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island? ",Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?, David Buffett +" On September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one had ever voluntarily resigned from the Politburo. At the October 27, 1987, plenary meeting of the Central Committee, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter, criticized the slow pace of reform, servility to the general secretary, and opposition from Ligachev that had led to his (Yeltsin's) resignation. No one had ever addressed the Party leader so brazenly in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of ""political immaturity"" and ""absolute irresponsibility."" No one backed Yeltsin. Who took Yeltsin's side? ",Who took Yeltsin's side?, No one +"From the information in: 'How to invest in bric mutual funds
Figure out a long-term plan. No single investment is going to be great for you if it's not matched to your overall investment strategy. Think about how long you want to leave money in the mutual fund and how much gain you think you can reasonably expect over time.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'approach risk with caution' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",approach risk with caution,"{ neutral } investments are inherently risky, so it is wise to approach with caution" +"Consider the premise in: 'Also when someone like Daniel Johnson, the present leader of the Quebec Liberal Party who will face the premier in a campaign debate in a few weeks or months, takes a stand on the critical issue of democracy, like he did this week, all the political parties in the House should understand that, by rejecting the Bloc's motion they would be rejecting a well-established consensus in the province.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The leader is an influential man' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The leader is an influential man,"{ neutral } All leaders of political parties are influential, and his influence is supported by the speaker saying his views are a representation of the people. This makes my statement correct. The model was probably fooled because my statement is on the borders of neither correct nor incorrect. It's an easy assumption to make because the wording is vague instead of specific " +" In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to his South African bodyguards as ""the Gestapo"". Despite the tour, Smuts lost the election the following year, and the new government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation. What were the King's South African bodyguards referred as? ",What were the King's South African bodyguards referred as? , the Gestapo +" A servomotor is a motor, very often sold as a complete module, which is used within a position-control or speed-control feedback control system mainly control valves, such as motor-operated control valves. Servomotors are used in applications such as machine tools, pen plotters, and other process systems. Motors intended for use in a servomechanism must have well-documented characteristics for speed, torque, and power. The speed vs. torque curve is quite important and is high ratio for a servo motor. Dynamic response characteristics such as winding inductance and rotor inertia are also important; these factors limit the overall performance of the servomechanism loop. Large, powerful, but slow-responding servo loops may use conventional AC or DC motors and drive systems with position or speed feedback on the motor. As dynamic response requirements increase, more specialized motor designs such as coreless motors are used. AC motors' superior power density and acceleration characteristics compared to that of DC motors tends to favor PM synchronous, BLDC, induction, and SRM drive applications. What may servo motors be used for? ",What may servo motors be used for?," machine tools, pen plotters, and other process systems " +" To avoid the implication of the naked ""solvated proton"" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the ""hydronium ion"" (H +3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H +9O+ +4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents. Where can oxonium ions be found? ",Where can oxonium ions be found?, in acidic solution with other solvents +"Using the premise: 'Cheektowaga is a suburban community and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 75,178 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous census-designated place in New York. It is within the town of Cheektowaga. The CDP includes Buffalo Niagara International Airport.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Cheektowage is not too far from Buffalo' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Cheektowage is not too far from Buffalo,"{ neutral } It includes the buffalo airport, so it can't be far" +"Reflect on the information in: 'How to tame a rat
Give the rat some time alone. You should leave a new rat alone in its cage for the first few days you have it. This will help them become comfortable with their new surroundings without the added stress of interacting with you.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Give the rat a magazine to read' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Give the rat a magazine to read,{ neutral } rats cant read +" PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based ""Power Processing Element"" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the console's operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX. What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3? ",What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?, Graphics processing +" There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city. Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent? ",Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?, west +"With the given context: 'Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford (7 January 1535 – 18 October 1603) was the second surviving son of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole, the younger brother of Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford. He served in Parliament for Stafford and succeeded his brother to the barony in 1566.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Edward Stafford died in the 16th century.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Edward Stafford died in the 16th century.,"{ entailment } Edward Stafford's birth and death dates (7 January 1535 – 18 October 1603) are given, and 1603 is the 17th century. The system may not know the rule for numbering centuries." +"Considering the context: 'How to dress like a tourist
Slip on a bright hawaiian shirt. A short-sleeved button up featuring a loud floral print is the ultimate tourist look! These shirts are typically worn when vacationing in tropical places, but you'll likely exude a tourist vibe no matter where you wear it. The brighter the floral pattern, the better.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The only instructions given were wearing a bright shirt.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The only instructions given were wearing a bright shirt.,{ neutral } The statement does not give any other advice other than wearing a bright colored shirt making my statement correct. The model probably wasn't thinking about the commands instead focusing on details. +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to make a lemon drop
Prepare the lemon slice, wedge, twist, or spiral. All lemon drop shooters should be garnished with something such as a lemon slice, wedge, twist, or spiral. Such garnishes are usually coated with sugar or make sure that the garnish contributes sweet as well as sour flavors.' , determine if the claim: 'Cut the lemon into squares.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Cut the lemon into squares.,{ neutral } It doesn't say to do that. +"Using the premise: 'Danville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ferry County, Washington, United States. Danville is located on Washington State Route 21 near the Canada–United States border, 31 mi north-northeast of Republic, the Ferry County seat. Danville has a post office with ZIP code 99121. The population at the 2010 census was 34.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Danville's zipcode backwards is 12199' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Danville's zipcode backwards is 12199,"{ contradiction } Danville's zipcode in reverse is 12199, the bot can't compute that" +" The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of August and first week of September and that the shift in strategy was not decisive. It has also been argued that it was doubtful the Luftwaffe could have won air superiority before the ""weather window"" began to deteriorate in October. It was also possible, if RAF losses became severe, that they could pull out to the north, wait for the German invasion, then redeploy southward again. Other historians argue that the outcome of the air battle was irrelevant; the massive numerical superiority of British naval forces and the inherent weakness of the Kriegsmarine would have made the projected German invasion, Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion), a disaster with or without German air superiority. What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion? ",What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion?, Unternehmen Seelöwe +" There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority. Where is the BSX located? ",Where is the BSX located?, an OECD member nation +"With the premise: 'In reaction to the ongoing uncertainty, the E.U. enlargement commissioner warned the Turkish Army about interfering: ""It is important that the military leaves the remit of democracy to the democratically-elected government and this is the test case if the Turkish armed forces respect democratic secularism and the democratic arrangement of civil-military relations,"" commissioner Olli Rehn said. Erdogan and Gül support Turkey's efforts to join the European Union.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The E.U. is the boss of Turkey.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The E.U. is the boss of Turkey.,"{ contradiction } I'm not sure why it was difficult. The EU can dictate if Turkey can join so has influence over Turkey's decisions, however Turkey can ignore them, but not if it was to join, so the statement could be true or not true. " +"Examine the information in 'The Malloreon is a five-part fantasy book series written by David Eddings, which follows ""The Belgariad"". The Malloreon is set in the same world as The Belgariad, but expands on several aspects of the setting, especially the eastern continent of Mallorea.' Is the statement: 'David Eddings quit the series after the fourth part, leaving it without an ending.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","David Eddings quit the series after the fourth part, leaving it without an ending.","{ neutral } The context clearly says it's a five-part series by David Eddings. If he quit it before the fifth part, then logically there would be no fifth part, and no ending to the series. Perhaps the system thought my statement was open-ended, although saying ""leaving it without"" should have been explicit enough." +"With the given context: 'KIEV (Reuters) - Kiev has closed five subway stations, mostly in the central part of the Ukrainian capital, after a bomb warning, the subway operator said in a statement. “The stations are closed to passengers and checks are being carried out,” it said on Facebook. Kiev is hosting the UEFA Champions League final later on Saturday in which Liverpool will play Real Madrid.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'No one knows why Kiev has closed five subway stations that are mostly located in the central part of the Ukrainian capital.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",No one knows why Kiev has closed five subway stations that are mostly located in the central part of the Ukrainian capital.,{ neutral } My statement states that it not known why the stations were closed. The system was unable to identify this as false information. +"From the facts presented in 'Have your say A road traffic collision is causing delays near Sheffield city centre this afternoon. The collision happened in Bridgehouses at Kelham Island and is causing traffic to be backed up along Penistone Road. Transport operator Stagecoach Yorkshire said at 1.30pm there are delays to services which are being diverted along Hoyle Street, Meadow Street and Scotland Street between Shalesmoor and West Bar.' , decide if the statement: 'the accident happened near a body of h2o' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",the accident happened near a body of h2o,{ neutral } the accident happened on an island bridge +" When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost. French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki’s Polish version. When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French? ",When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French?, 1847 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Julian Peter McDonald Clary (born 25 May 1959) is an English comedian and novelist. Openly gay, Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s and became known for his deliberately stereotypical camp style. Since then he has also acted in films, television and stage productions, and was the winner of ""Celebrity Big Brother 10"" in 2012.' , determine if the claim: 'Born on May 25, 1958 Julian Clary knew he would be gay.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Born on May 25, 1958 Julian Clary knew he would be gay.",{ neutral } Julian Peter McDonald Clary (born 25 May 1959) not 1958 and as being born on that day he would not know that he would be gay at that age. +" Archaeological discovery shows that ""Nanjing Man"" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang. When was the Wu state created? ",When was the Wu state created?, the late period of Shang dynasty +"Consider the premise in: 'He tried to persuade a local banker to loan more money to the villagers, but the banker refused, insisting they didn't qualify for credit. So, Yunus started his own bank to help the poorest of the poor lift themselves up.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'All of the poor are equally poor.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",All of the poor are equally poor.,"{ neutral } Since according to the context ""Yunus started his own bank to help the poorest of the poor lift themselves up"" we know that some of the poor are poorer than others. Therefore the statement is definitely incorrect." +" Anthropologists such as C. Loring Brace, the philosophers Jonathan Kaplan and Rasmus Winther, and the geneticist Joseph Graves,[page needed] have argued that while there it is certainly possible to find biological and genetic variation that corresponds roughly to the groupings normally defined as ""continental races"", this is true for almost all geographically distinct populations. The cluster structure of the genetic data is therefore dependent on the initial hypotheses of the researcher and the populations sampled. When one samples continental groups, the clusters become continental; if one had chosen other sampling patterns, the clustering would be different. Weiss and Fullerton have noted that if one sampled only Icelanders, Mayans and Maoris, three distinct clusters would form and all other populations could be described as being clinally composed of admixtures of Maori, Icelandic and Mayan genetic materials. Kaplan and Winther therefore argue that, seen in this way, both Lewontin and Edwards are right in their arguments. They conclude that while racial groups are characterized by different allele frequencies, this does not mean that racial classification is a natural taxonomy of the human species, because multiple other genetic patterns can be found in human populations that crosscut racial distinctions. Moreover, the genomic data underdetermines whether one wishes to see subdivisions (i.e., splitters) or a continuum (i.e., lumpers). Under Kaplan and Winther's view, racial groupings are objective social constructions (see Mills 1998 ) that have conventional biological reality only insofar as the categories are chosen and constructed for pragmatic scientific reasons. In earlier work, Winther had identified ""diversity partitioning"" and ""clustering analysis"" as two separate methodologies, with distinct questions, assumptions, and protocols. Each is also associated with opposing ontological consequences vis-a-vis the metaphysics of race. If one samples a continental group, what do the clusters become? ","If one samples a continental group, what do the clusters become?", continental +"Consider the premise in: 'Putnam County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 99,710. The county seat is Carmel. Putnam County formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Putnam County is on the East coast of the US.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Putnam County is on the East coast of the US.,{ contradiction } It is definite correct because New York is a state in Eastern US. +" Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are ""thermal"" (e.g. heat or cold), ""mechanical"" (e.g. crushing, tearing, shearing, etc.) and ""chemical"" (e.g. iodine in a cut or chemicals released during inflammation). Some nociceptors respond to more than one of these modalities and are consequently designated polymodal. How is nociceptive pain classified? ",How is nociceptive pain classified?, according to the mode of noxious stimulation +"Given the premise: 'The Ron Clark Story is a 2006 television film starring Matthew Perry. The film is based on the real-life educator Ron Clark. It follows the inspiring tale of an idealistic teacher who leaves his small hometown to teach in a New York City public school, where he faces trouble with the students. The film was directed by Randa Haines, and was released directly on television.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Ron Clark Story starred Matthew Pretty' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Ron Clark Story starred Matthew Pretty,{ entailment } It is stated that The Ron Clark Story starred Matthew Perry but I put Matthew Pretty which made it hard for the system +"Using the premise: 'How to clean vinyl flooring
Use a doormat to keep the floor clean. The substances you track into your house on your shoes are damaging to vinyl flooring. Dirt, tiny pits of gravel, and chemicals from asphalt are abrasive to the vinyl, and over time will cause it to get scratched and yellowed.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Scratched vinyl is very abrasive.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Scratched vinyl is very abrasive.,"{ entailment } The context doesn't say how abrasive the vinyl is. It only says that the dirt, gravel, and chemicals are abrasive." +"Examine the premise: 'Copley will start Wednesday's game in Winnipeg. Wednesday's contest was meant to be handled by Washington's primary netminder, Braden Holtby. However, prior to puck drop, it was announced that Copley would get the nod and the Capitals would be forced to dress an emergency backup behind him. Meanwhile, Holtby (upper body) has been ruled out for Wednesday's road affair, which happens also to be the second night of a back-to-back.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Holtby was ruled out due to chest problems.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Holtby was ruled out due to chest problems.,"{ contradiction } He was ruled out due to something with his upper body, but it's not stated specifically. It could have possibly been his chest, because the chest is part of the upper body. The system might think that ""upper body"" is a specific thing and not a general category, so this might have been difficult for that reason." +" London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985. What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985? ",What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985?, EastEnders +" Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology. What common plant has been used for studying the production of sugar? ",What common plant has been used for studying the production of sugar?, Corn +" At about the same time, the word ""humanism"" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German government. There has been a persistent confusion between the several uses of the terms: philanthropic humanists look to what they consider their antecedents in critical thinking and human-centered philosophy among the Greek philosophers and the great figures of Renaissance history; and scholarly humanists stress the linguistic and cultural disciplines needed to understand and interpret these philosophers and artists. Where did the learned believers place their focus? ",Where did the learned believers place their focus?, linguistic and cultural disciplines +" In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year. This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford. To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad. After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year. How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost? ",How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost?," 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year " +" Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the ""Lady of the Angels"". In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints? ","In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints?", Angels +" Comcast is sometimes described as a family business. Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is son of co-founder Ralph Roberts. Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an ""undilutable 33% voting power over the company"". Legal expert Susan P. Crawford has said this gives him ""effective control over its [Comcast's] every step"". In 2010, he was one of the highest-paid executives in the United States, with total compensation of about $31 million. Who co-founded Comcast? ",Who co-founded Comcast?, Ralph Roberts +"Using the premise: 'Louan Gideon (November 12, 1955 – February 3, 2014) was an American actress best known for her role as antagonist Danielle Atron on Nickelodeon's ""The Secret World of Alex Mack"". She was also the last actress to play Liza Walton Sentell on the long-running soap opera ""Search for Tomorrow"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Louan Gideon was still acting when she passed away in 2014.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Louan Gideon was still acting when she passed away in 2014.,"{ contradiction } There is no way to know this from the passage itself, so it is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. However, including a true fact (that she passed away in 2014) fools the model." +"Examine the premise: 'Brixia-Zust (originally Brixia-Züst) was an Italian car manufacturer founded by engineer Roberto Züst, owner of Zust company of Milan. The affiliated company was situated in Brescia, Northern Italy. (Brixia is the antique Latin for Brescia.) These companies are often confused. The company made racing cars that participated in Targa Florio, an open road race in Sicily.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Brixia-Zust made cars that won races in Sicily.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Brixia-Zust made cars that won races in Sicily.,"{ entailment } The company made racing cars that participated in an open road race in Sicily, but we don't know if their cars won any of these races. The algorithm made the leap from 'participated' to 'won', which is not necessarily true." +" Perhaps the most prominent, controversial and far-reaching theory in all of science has been the theory of evolution by natural selection put forward by the British naturalist Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species in 1859. Darwin proposed that the features of all living things, including humans, were shaped by natural processes over long periods of time. The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology. Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society, and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of ""man's place in the universe"". In the early 20th century, the study of heredity became a major investigation after the rediscovery in 1900 of the laws of inheritance developed by the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel in 1866. Mendel's laws provided the beginnings of the study of genetics, which became a major field of research for both scientific and industrial research. By 1953, James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms. In the late 20th century, the possibilities of genetic engineering became practical for the first time, and a massive international effort began in 1990 to map out an entire human genome (the Human Genome Project). What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote about evolution? ",What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote about evolution?, On the Origin of Species +"Reflect on the information in: 'FILE - In this Jan. 5, 2018, file photo, Wisconsin coach Tony Granato stands behind his bench during the team's NCAA hockey game against Penn State in State College, Pa. Granato, coach of the U.S. men's team for the Olympics, said the U.S. ""has lots of pieces that other teams and countries don't know about"" and wonders if his team will be overlooked. Gene J. Puskar, File AP Photo' . Does the hypothesis: 'There was only coach for the team' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",There was only coach for the team,{ contradiction } It doesn't state whether or not there was more than one coach +"Considering the context: 'Benjamin Clapp (born October 13, 1977) is an American musician from Boise, Idaho. He has performed, composed, and recorded music with numerous artists, most notably Jim Breuer, Jesse Blaze Snider and Baptized By Fire, Tom Marshall and Amfibian, Kronos Quartet, Erik Sanko and Skeleton Key, Dee Snider (Twisted Sister), David Peel (The Lower East Side), and White Trash.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Benjamin Clapp was born and raised in Boise, Idaho.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Benjamin Clapp was born and raised in Boise, Idaho.","{ entailment } Statement is he is ""from"", it does not state he was raised there, it is quite possible he moved around." +"Examine the information in 'Allium gilgiticum is an Asian species of onion, a rare and quite possibly extinct species. It is known only from the type collection, gathered in the 1930s in Gilgit District in Pakistan, high in the Himalayas, part of the Kashmir region long disputed with India. The plant is about 50 cm tall, with a hemispheric umbel of purple flowers.' Is the statement: 'Allium gilgiticum is food' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Allium gilgiticum is food,{ contradiction } it is an onion +" Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as ""superbugs"", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. For example, NDM-1 is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials. The United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency has stated that ""most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections."" What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? ",What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes?, superbugs +" In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times. How many members make up the Presbyterian church in Australia? ",How many members make up the Presbyterian church in Australia?," 600,000 " +"From the information in: 'Ştefan de la Bărbuleşti (Ştefan from Bărbuleşti) is a Gypsy lăutar and manele singer, best known internationally as the artist of the song ""Eu Vin Acasă Cu Drag"". This song, however, is more recognized as the ""Borat Television Programme"" theme as shown on Channel 4, as part of the Ali G series starring Sacha Baron Cohen.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Sacha Baron Cohen and Ştefan from Bărbuleşti are the same person.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sacha Baron Cohen and Ştefan from Bărbuleşti are the same person.,{ entailment } My answer is incorrect because Ştefan from Bărbuleşti and Sacha Baron Cohen are definitely different people. I don't know why this sentence fooled the model. +"Using the premise: 'Datong () is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, located in a basin at an elevation of 1040 m and bordering Inner Mongolia to the north and west and Hebei to the east. It had a population of 3,318,057 at the 2010 census of whom 1,629,035 lived in the built up area made of 3 out of 4 urban districts, namely Chengqu, Kuangqu and Nanjiao District.' , decide if the conclusion: 'chengqu has a population of just under 1 million' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",chengqu has a population of just under 1 million,{ contradiction } the population of that district is not known +"Using the premise: 'The Granada Theater is a theatre located in Lower Greenville, in Dallas, TX. The theatre was built in 1946 as a movie house. In 1977, it was converted to a concert hall, only to revert to a movie theater soon after. In 2004 it was again opened as a concert hall.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Granada Theater started out as a concert hall.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Granada Theater started out as a concert hall.,"{ entailment } While the Granada Theater has been a concert hall, the example states that it originally opened as a movie theater. I don't know why this answer fooled the AI." +"From the facts presented in 'Hertfordshire ( ; often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.' , decide if the statement: 'All counties in southern England are bordered by Bedfordshire.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",All counties in southern England are bordered by Bedfordshire.,{ contradiction } We know that Herts is bordered by southern England. We don't know about all counties in southern England. +"Considering the context: 'Ashcroft is a historic home located at Geneva in Ontario County, New York. It is a 2 ⁄ -story brick home with a high pitched slate roof with projecting eaves. It is a large Gothic Revival style country house set deep in the midst of once carefully landscaped grounds. The house and property were designed by Calvert Vaux in 1862.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Ashcroft home was built before 1859.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Ashcroft home was built before 1859.,"{ entailment } It was designed in 1862, so it couldn't have been built before that. I guess design/build is muddied." +" The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774. The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who? ",The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who?, Duke of Buckingham and Normanby +"Reflect on the information in: 'JoAnne Russell (born October 30, 1954) is an American former professional tennis player. With playing partner Helen Gourlay Cawley, she won the Wimbledon Ladies' Doubles title in 1977. They beat the team of Chris Evert and Rosie Casals in the first round and the top-ranked team of Martina Navratilova and Betty Stöve in the final (6–3, 6–3). Russell reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 22.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The 1977 Wimbledon Ladies' Double Title winners won the finals off a 5-2 match.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The 1977 Wimbledon Ladies' Double Title winners won the finals off a 5-2 match.,"{ neutral } The finals were won 6-3, 6-3. " +"Consider the premise in: '""Hang On"" is a song by the band Weezer. The song impacted radio on February 15, 2011. It is the seventh track and second single from their eighth studio album, ""Hurley"". The album version of ""Hang On"" is co-written by Rick Nowels and features Canadian actor Michael Cera on backing vocals and pseudo-mandolin. The single version features no mandolin, and contains a harder sound.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: '""Hang On"" featured a piano' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","""Hang On"" featured a piano",{ contradiction } We do not know if it featured a piano or not. All we know is that it did not feature a mandolin. +" In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed] What does the one drop rule do? ",What does the one drop rule do?, discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. +"Considering the context: 'North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. The population of the Unitary Authority at the 2011 census was 167,446. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire. There are three significant towns: Scunthorpe (the administrative centre), Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'There is only one administrative centre' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",There is only one administrative centre,"{ contradiction } Scunthorpe is the administrative centre. The way it is written implies that it is a singular possibility and a term that implies Scunthorpe is the area that handles the, majority if not all, administrative concerns between the three significant towns. Though I will admit there is a part of me that wonders if the question was left a bit to open, but likely I'm overthinking." +"Consider the premise in: 'The Treaty of Breslau was a preliminary peace agreement signed on 11 June 1742 following long negotiations at the Silesian capital Wrocław (German: ""Breslau"" ) by emissaries of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria and King Frederick II of Prussia ending the First Silesian War.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Emissaries of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria placed their autograph on the Treaty of Breslau.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Emissaries of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria placed their autograph on the Treaty of Breslau.,{ neutral } My statement is 100% correct as the Emissaries of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria signed the Treaty of Breslau. I replaced signed with the word autograph and I guess the system doesn't understand this but it is correct. +" There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure. Some bilaterians without a brain are what? ",Some bilaterians without a brain are what?," echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs " +"From the information in: 'The Californias, or Province of the Californias, or Spanish: Las Californias, Provincia de las Californias (1768–1804), was the northwestern-most area of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (comprising Spain's colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Spanish East Indies).' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'They were the furthest west of Spain's colonies,' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","They were the furthest west of Spain's colonies,","{ contradiction } We know they were the northwesternmost, but not that they were also the furthest west. The system probably doesn't understand the difference!" +"Given the premise: 'The Liberal majority disclosed some information contained in the committee report which serves the interests of the federal government and which allowed the Minister of Finance to be in the limelight, to promote his tax reduction initiative and spout propaganda about the federal government's achievements.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Democrats gave out the information.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Democrats gave out the information.,{ contradiction } Liberal majority refers to Democrats. +"Given the premise: 'Drivers are reporting heavy traffic on the northbound M6 this morning following reports of debris on the road. The debris was reported to be at junction 28 for Leyland Way. No official lane closures were in place. Traffic is also reported to be slow leading onto the M65 in both directions between junctions 2 for the M61 and Junction 3 for Bolton Road. This is thought to have been caused by earlier flooding. Matrix signs have been set to 40mph.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Traffic is reported to be fast on M62.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Traffic is reported to be fast on M62.,{ contradiction } The context doesn't mention M62 or say anything about traffic conditions on M62. +" The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were ""afraid of water"". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as ""barbarian"", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen. Who did the Manchus send to battle Koxinga's troops? ",Who did the Manchus send to battle Koxinga's troops?, Han Bannermen +"Given the premise: 'Christmas Eve is the day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Jesus of Nazareth was a real person.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Jesus of Nazareth was a real person.,"{ entailment } While there has been research directed at the question of Jesus actually existing, whether he existed as the person from the stories or not is still a question." +"Examine the premise: 'Can I ask you about one of the limits, just focusing on the Copyright Clause and the progress of science and useful arts? In your view, does that -- is that limited to encouraging creativity by authors and inventors, or does it also include the distribution of materials that might not otherwise be distributed, like old films and so forth?' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The narrator didn't ask permission to ask the question.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The narrator didn't ask permission to ask the question.,{ neutral } The first question is asking for permission. +" The term ""push-pull"" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. ""Push"" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected. ""Pull"" means that certain stimuli (semiochemical stimuli, pheromones, food additives, visual stimuli, genetically altered plants, etc.) are used to attract pests to trap crops where they will be killed. There are numerous different components involved in order to implement a Push-Pull Strategy in IPM. How can the location and amount of insects be changed? ",How can the location and amount of insects be changed?, behavior-modifying stimuli +"From the information in: 'Departure of a Grand Old Man (Russian: Уход великого старца , translit. Ukhod velikovo startza) is a 1912 Russian silent film about the last days of author Leo Tolstoy. The film was directed by Yakov Protazanov and Elizaveta Thiman, and was actress Olga Petrova's first film.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Olga Petrova's career was launched because of her involvement in the film.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Olga Petrova's career was launched because of her involvement in the film.,"{ entailment } The text says that it was Olga's first film, but it does not state that she went on to have a career as an actress. It could very well be the only film that she was ever in based on the text. I'm sure the system got this wrong because of the ""first film"" bit." + Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16. How many councillors choose the Lord Mayor? ,How many councillors choose the Lord Mayor?, six +" The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that ""as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined. The damage to military targets much less"", and stated that he had seen numerous examples of untouched targets surrounded by buildings destroyed by errant bombs. For example, in two months of bombing, Battersea Power Station, perhaps the largest single target in London, had only received one minor hit (""a nick""). No bridge over the Thames had been hit, and the docks were still functioning despite great damage. An airfield was hit 56 times but the runways were never damaged and the field was never out of operation, despite German pilots' familiarity with it from prewar commercial flights. Ingersoll wrote that the difference between the failure of the German campaign against military targets versus its success in continental Europe was the RAF retaining control of the air.:79–80,174 What was the name of the American observer? ",What was the name of the American observer?, Ingersoll +"Based on the details provided in: 'The American Horse Council (AHC) is a trade organization in Washington, DC representing the horse industry. The organization formed in 1969, with a committee that became the Coalition of State Horse Councils forming in 1970, now having 43 states participating. American Horse Council Foundation was founded in 1991.' , determine if the claim: 'The American Horse Council has over 50 states participating' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The American Horse Council has over 50 states participating,{ entailment } The American Horse Council only has 43 states participating +"With the premise: 'Robert Cortez Scott (born April 30, 1947) is the U.S. Representative for Virginia 's 3 congressional district , serving since 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district takes in most of Richmond, all of Portsmouth, along with most of the black-majority areas of Norfolk, Hampton and Scott's home in Newport News. Scott is the current dean of the Virginia Congressional delegation.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Person at subject was born in the country below Canada' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Person at subject was born in the country below Canada,{ entailment } The text never explicitly ever say that he was born in the United States +" Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination. The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the U.S. prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths. In what year was the mumps vaccine made? ",In what year was the mumps vaccine made?, 1967 +"Based on the details provided in: 'Catherine Marie Cortez Masto (born March 29, 1964) is an American attorney and politician who is the junior United States Senator from Nevada. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She previously served as the 32nd Attorney General of Nevada from 2007 to 2015.' , determine if the claim: 'Catherine Marie Cortez Masto was Attorney General for less than 6 years.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Catherine Marie Cortez Masto was Attorney General for less than 6 years.,{ entailment } It said she was Attorney general from 2007 to 2015 which is EIGHT years... so that she was it for less than 6 years is incorrect. +"Given the context: 'How to do shoulder exercises in yoga
Try some simple breathing exercises first. This pose will help you exercise shoulder muscles you don't use often and will prepare you for higher-intensity workouts later. [substeps] Lie flat on your stomach with your arms at your sides.' , classify the statement: 'This is an unhealthy thing to do.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",This is an unhealthy thing to do.,{ contradiction } It isn't known if it is unhealthy. +" The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century. Vetter 33, a 10.5% abv (33 degrees Plato, hence Vetter ""33"") doppelbock, was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time, though Samichlaus, by the Swiss brewer Hürlimann, had also been listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest at 14% abv. Since then, some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers. Samuel Adams reached 20% abv with Millennium, and then surpassed that amount to 25.6% abv with Utopias. The strongest beer brewed in Britain was Baz's Super Brew by Parish Brewery, a 23% abv beer. In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone. What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer? ",What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer?, champagne yeasts +"From the facts presented in 'The company has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of August 2016 it had a market capitalisation of £81 billion (around $107 billion), the fourth largest on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.' , decide if the statement: 'As of August 2016, the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","As of August 2016, the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. ",{ entailment } It is stated the company was the fourth largest on the London Stock Exchange in August of 2016 but it doesn't specify whether it was listed on the NYSE before or after that date. +" Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. Jonassohn and Björnson are critical of some of these studies, arguing that they are too expansive, and conclude that the academic discipline of genocide studies is too young to have a canon of work on which to build an academic paradigm. The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? ",The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? , their focus +" Many ancient civilizations alloyed metals for purely aesthetic purposes. In ancient Egypt and Mycenae, gold was often alloyed with copper to produce red-gold, or iron to produce a bright burgundy-gold. Gold was often found alloyed with silver or other metals to produce various types of colored gold. These metals were also used to strengthen each other, for more practical purposes. Copper was often added to silver to make sterling silver, increasing its strength for use in dishes, silverware, and other practical items. Quite often, precious metals were alloyed with less valuable substances as a means to deceive buyers. Around 250 BC, Archimedes was commissioned by the king to find a way to check the purity of the gold in a crown, leading to the famous bath-house shouting of ""Eureka!"" upon the discovery of Archimedes' principle. Red gold is made by combining gold with? ",Red gold is made by combining gold with?, copper +" Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as ""Fascist propaganda"". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that ""there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce."" Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war. Who was part of Hollywood Ten? ",Who was part of Hollywood Ten?, Herbert Biberman +"Given the context: 'Rand is a small village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 9 mi north-east from the city of Lincoln and approximately 2 mi west from Wragby, and near the A158 road from Lincoln to Skegness. The nearest large town is Market Rasen, about 5 mi north-east. The village is 87 ft above sea level. The population is listed under Goltho.' , classify the statement: 'Lincolnshire is a village in the West Lindsey district of Rand.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Lincolnshire is a village in the West Lindsey district of Rand.,{ entailment } Rand is the name of the village and Lincolnshire is the name of the district. +"Given the detailed context: 'Quarantine is a 2008 American found-footage horror film directed and co-written by John Erick Dowdle, produced by Sergio Aguero, Doug Davison, and Roy Lee, and co-written by Drew Dowdle, being a remake of the Spanish film ""REC"". The film stars Jennifer Carpenter, Jay Hernandez, Columbus Short, Greg Germann, Steve Harris, Dania Ramirez, Rade Šerbedžija, and Johnathon Schaech.', judge whether the statement: 'Quarantine was filmed and released in America in 2008.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Quarantine was filmed and released in America in 2008.,{ entailment } The statement belongs in the category because the excerpt states the film was released in 2008 but doesn't say when it was filmed. The model may have been confused because the statement included the correct release date. +" South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic cooling cycle began, with cold Arctic and Antarctic waters dropping temperatures in the now-isolated Atlantic Ocean. Africa's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea, cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean. Sea level changes exposed the land-bridge between Alaska and Asia. Near the end of the Pliocene, about 2.58 million years ago (the start of the Quaternary Period), the current ice age began. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. What is the link between North and South America called? ",What is the link between North and South America called?, the Isthmus of Panama +"With the premise: 'The Last Witness () is a 1980 South Korean mystery film directed by Lee Doo-yong, based on the 1974 novel of the same title by Kim Seong-jong. When the film was originally released, a 40-minute portion was cut due to censorship laws of that time. A remake with the same title was released in 2001.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Last Witness film remake included content that was previously cut due to censorship laws.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Last Witness film remake included content that was previously cut due to censorship laws.,"{ entailment } Information is not given as to whether previously cut content was integrated into the new film, making the statement neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +" The women of Tuvalu use cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. The artistic traditions of Tuvalu have traditionally been expressed in the design of clothing and traditional handicrafts such as the decoration of mats and fans. Crochet (kolose) is one of the art forms practiced by Tuvaluan women. The material culture of Tuvalu uses traditional design elements in artefacts used in everyday life such as the design of canoes and fish hooks made from traditional materials. The design of women's skirts (titi), tops (teuga saka), headbands, armbands, and wristbands, which continue to be used in performances of the traditional dance songs of Tuvalu, represents contemporary Tuvaluan art and design. In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced? ",In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced?, clothing +"Examine the premise: 'The Volkswagen Golf Mk5 (codenamed ""Typ 1K"") is a compact car, the fifth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk4. Built on the Volkswagen Group A5 (PQ35) platform, it was unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in October 2003 and went on sale in Europe one month later. A compact MPV version of the car was produced as the Golf Plus.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Volkswagen Golf Mk5 went on sale in North America in 2003' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Volkswagen Golf Mk5 went on sale in North America in 2003,{ contradiction } It was not stated when the Mk5 went on sale in North America. I think the system got it wrong because I introduced a new place that was not in the context +" Many of the area's prominent museums are located in the historic cultural center neighborhood around Wayne State University and the College for Creative Studies. These museums include the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Detroit Historical Museum, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science Center, as well as the main branch of the Detroit Public Library. Other cultural highlights include Motown Historical Museum, the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant museum (birthplace of the Ford Model T and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public), the Pewabic Pottery studio and school, the Tuskegee Airmen Museum, Fort Wayne, the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD), the Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit (CAID), and the Belle Isle Conservatory. What is the name of the art museum in Detroit? ",What is the name of the art museum in Detroit?, Detroit Institute of Arts +"With the given context: 'Yeah, no question about that, but there also needs to be strong enforcement of the law. Some kid who feels like -- doesn't matter where the gun comes from, it could be a cheap gun, expensive gun. What matters is something in this person's head says there is not going to be a consequence.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The speaker is a big fan of law-enforcement' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The speaker is a big fan of law-enforcement,{ neutral } mentions pro-law enforcement stance +" A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader. Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature? ",Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?, to surprise the reader +" Firstly, flanking the open reading frame, all genes contain a regulatory sequence that is required for their expression. In order to be expressed, genes require a promoter sequence. The promoter is recognized and bound by transcription factors and RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.:7.1 A gene can have more than one promoter, resulting in messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end. Promoter regions have a consensus sequence, however highly transcribed genes have ""strong"" promoter sequences that bind the transcription machinery well, whereas others have ""weak"" promoters that bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently.:7.2 Eukaryotic promoter regions are much more complex and difficult to identify than prokaryotic promoters.:7.3 What does a ""weak"" promoter sequence do? ","What does a ""weak"" promoter sequence do?", bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently +"Based on the details provided in: 'Elizabeth Smylie (née Sayers, born 11 April 1963), sometimes known as Liz Smylie, is a retired Australian professional tennis player. During her career, she won four Grand Slam titles, one of them in women's doubles and three in mixed doubles. She also won three singles titles and 36 doubles titles.' , determine if the claim: 'Elizabeth Smylie likes to be called Liz.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Elizabeth Smylie likes to be called Liz.,"{ neutral } She is also known as Liz, there is no way of knowing if she likes to be called that. " +" Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), was started. Separate organizations were created in Kathmandu to promote this activity; some of these include the Tourism Development Board, the Department of Tourism and the Civil Aviation Department. Furthermore, Nepal became a member of several international tourist associations. Establishing diplomatic relations with other nations further accentuated this activity. The hotel industry, travel agencies, training of tourist guides, and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal, and in Kathmandu in particular. Approximately when did the Nepalese tourism industry begin? ",Approximately when did the Nepalese tourism industry begin?, 1950 +"Analyze the premise: '3096 (3096 Tage) is a 2013 German drama film directed by Sherry Hormann. The film is based on the true story of Natascha Kampusch, a 10-year-old girl and her eight-year ordeal being kidnapped by Wolfgang Přiklopil. Northern Irish actress Antonia Campbell-Hughes portrays Kampusch, while Thure Lindhardt plays Přiklopil.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Natascha Kampusch was 18 when her kidnapping ordeal ended.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Natascha Kampusch was 18 when her kidnapping ordeal ended.,"{ contradiction } She was kidnapped at age 10 and it was an 8 year ordeal, so it must have ended at age 18. I think it may have been difficult because it was confusing. " +"Examine the premise: 'Luis Moglia Barth (April 12, 1903 - June 18, 1984 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine film director and screenwriter, and one of the influential directors in the Cinema of Argentina of the classic era. He directed some 30 films between 1927 and 1959, often screenwriting for his pictures.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Luis Moglia Barth directed some 30 films from the ages of 15 to 30.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Luis Moglia Barth directed some 30 films from the ages of 15 to 30.,"{ neutral } We know this is incorrect because based on the years he was alive, he would have been between the ages of 24 and 56 when he created those 30 films." +" While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relief, and West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, ""George Bush doesn't care about black people."" West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most ""disgusting moments"" of his presidency. West raised further controversy in January 2006 when he posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns. Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush? ",Which actor was alongside Kanye West when he insulted President Bush?, Mike Myers +"Examine the information in 'Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his ""Aṣṭādhyāyī "".' Is the statement: 'Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Form and meaning are the only aspects of language linguistics is concerned with.,"{ neutral } Linguistics involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context, so context is also a crucial aspect. The algorithm missed this point, perhaps." +"Analyze the premise: 'Luscious
Luscious Look was a male stripper. He was paying his way through college on the funds. One night a woman asked for some one on one time. Look obliged, and took her back to the champagne room. She paid him five grand to listen to her complain about her husband.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Luscious Look often removed his clothing.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Luscious Look often removed his clothing.,"{ neutral } He was a stripper, this is implied, the system does not assume this." +"Using the premise: 'How to cure oily skin
Use a gentle facial cleanser twice a day. Most dermatologists agree that cleansing the skin is the best way to reduce oil. Make sure to use a gentle, ph balanced cleanser rather than regular soap.' , decide if the conclusion: 'most dermatologists agree recommend gentle ph balanced cleanser rather than regular soaps' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",most dermatologists agree recommend gentle ph balanced cleanser rather than regular soaps,"{ entailment } this was the writers suggestion, no where in the passage did they say it was suggested by dermatologists" +" In recent years, Melton, Wyndham and Casey, part of the Melbourne statistical division, have recorded the highest growth rate of all local government areas in Australia. Melbourne could overtake Sydney in population by 2028, The ABS has projected in two scenarios that Sydney will remain larger than Melbourne beyond 2056, albeit by a margin of less than 3% compared to a margin of 12% today. Melbourne's population could overtake that of Sydney by 2037 or 2039, according to the first scenario projected by the ABS; primarily due to larger levels of internal migration losses assumed for Sydney. Another study claims that Melbourne will surpass Sydney in population by 2040. In how many scenarios will Sydney remain higher than Melbourne in population beyond 2056? ",In how many scenarios will Sydney remain higher than Melbourne in population beyond 2056?, two +" Several animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found in most other phyla. Their cells are differentiated, but in most cases not organized into distinct tissues. Sponges typically feed by drawing in water through pores. However, a series of phylogenomic studies from 2008-2015 have found support for Ctenophora, or comb jellies, as the basal lineage of animals. This result has been controversial, since it would imply that that sponges may not be so primitive, but may instead be secondarily simplified. Other researchers have argued that the placement of Ctenophora as the earliest-diverging animal phylum is a statistical anomaly caused by the high rate of evolution in ctenophore genomes. Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla? ",Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla?, sponges +" As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentioned the death penalty as a punishment. In 2010, for instance, one poll showed 49 percent favoring the death penalty and 46 percent favoring life imprisonment while in another 61% said they preferred another punishment to the death penalty. The highest level of support for the death penalty recorded overall was 80 percent in 1994 (16 percent opposed), and the lowest recorded was 42 percent in 1966 (47 percent opposed). On the question of the death penalty vs. life without parole, the strongest preference for the death penalty was 61 percent in 1997 (29 percent favoring life), and the lowest preference for the death penalty was 47 percent in 2006 (48 percent favoring life). In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty? ","In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty?", 29 +"Examine the premise: 'The Letter Black, formerly known as Breaking the Silence, is a Christian rock band that was formed in 2006 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The band consists of lead vocalist Sarah Anthony; her husband, lead guitarist and vocalist Mark Anthony; and drummer Justin Brown.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Letter Black has yet to play a gig on the moon.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Letter Black has yet to play a gig on the moon.,"{ neutral } Only a few people have been to the moon, and no bands have played gigs there so far. This would apply to any band. The AI cannot extrapolate from the specific band. " +" As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the ""literary"" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals. Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but since the science in them has largely become outdated, they no longer serve for scientific instruction. Yet, they remain too technical to sit well in most programmes of literary study. Outside of ""history of science"" programmes, students rarely read such works. In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists? ",In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists?," ""history of science"" programmes " +"From the facts presented in 'Martin Richards (born 21 July 1940) is a British computer scientist known for his development of the BCPL programming language which is both part of early research into portable software, and the ancestor of the B programming language invented by Ken Thompson in early versions of Unix and which Dennis Ritchie in turn used as the basis of his widely used C programming language.' , decide if the statement: 'Martin Richards was born on July 21, 1941.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Martin Richards was born on July 21, 1941.","{ entailment } Martin was born in the year 1940, not 1941. I think the way the date was put into context in the statement confused the system." +"With the given context: 'Catterline is a coastal village on the North Sea in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is situated about six kilometres south of Stonehaven; nearby to the north are Dunnottar Castle and Fowlsheugh Nature Reserve. Other noted architectural or historic features in the general area include Fetteresso Castle, Fiddes Castle, Chapel of St. Mary and St. Nathalan and Muchalls Castle.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'In January, 1979, in the coastal village of Catterline, nothing remarkable happened.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","In January, 1979, in the coastal village of Catterline, nothing remarkable happened.",{ contradiction } An AI can not keep track of where nothing happened. +" The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European balance of power established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon III, then the emperor of France, demanded compensations in Belgium and on the left bank of the Rhine to secure France's strategic position, which the Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, flatly refused. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of Germany, where it sought to incorporate the southern German kingdoms, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, into a unified Prussia-dominated Germany. France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military. What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in? ",What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in?, the unification of Germany +" Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program. How high could the homeless number possibly go? ",How high could the homeless number possibly go?, 11 million +"Given the context: 'Charley and the Angel is a 1973 Disney family/comedy film set in an unidentified small city in the 1930s Depression-era Midwestern United States and starring Fred MacMurray in one of his final film appearances and his last movie for Disney. The film, directed by Vincent McEveety, is based on ""The Golden Evenings of Summer"", a 1971 novel written by Will Stanton.' , classify the statement: 'Charley and the Angel is different from the show and film franchise named ""Charlie's Angels""' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Charley and the Angel is different from the show and film franchise named ""Charlie's Angels""",{ neutral } Tricked the system by using a similar but unrelated film title to compare it too. +" Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from The New York Times spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, ""MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words."" The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, ""Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing."" Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by ""stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time."" Who earned a reputation of lip synching in the Blond Ambition Tour? ",Who earned a reputation of lip synching in the Blond Ambition Tour?, Madonna +" Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning ""meditation"") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other forms of Buddhism and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth. What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures? ",What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?, Zen +"Considering the context: 'An experience point (often abbreviated to exp or XP) is a unit of measurement used in tabletop role-playing games (RPGs) and role-playing video games to quantify a player character's progression through the game. Experience points are generally awarded for the completion of quests, overcoming obstacles and opponents, and for successful role-playing.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'You get the least amount of XP's for overcoming obstacles in a game.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",You get the least amount of XP's for overcoming obstacles in a game.,"{ contradiction } The agent states that ""Experience points are generally awarded for the completion of quests, overcoming obstacles and opponents, and for successful role-playing. But, it doesn't go into detail about how points are categorized or if all awards are the same amount." +" In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively. How many murders were there in 2014? ",How many murders were there in 2014?, 52 +" In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington. Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907? ",Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?, Board of Education +" E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue). How many blocks west of Second Avenue does E 122nd Street run? ",How many blocks west of Second Avenue does E 122nd Street run?, four +"From the information in: 'Encore Las Vegas (also called Encore at Wynn Las Vegas; often just called Encore) is a luxury resort, casino and hotel located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The resort is connected to its sister resort, Wynn Las Vegas; both are owned by Wynn Resorts, headed by casino developer Steve Wynn.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Wynn Resorts has closed connections with Donald Trump' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Wynn Resorts has closed connections with Donald Trump,{ contradiction } There is not enough information to support this claim. +"Considering the context: 'Caroline Milmoe (born 11 January 1963) is an English stage, film and television actress best known for playing Julie in the first two series of Carla Lane's Liverpool-based BBC sit-com ""Bread"" and Lisa Duckworth in ITV's long-running soap opera ""Coronation Street"".' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Caroline Milmoe was a actress and played Lisa in BBC's soap opera Coronation Street and Julie in ITV's Bread.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Caroline Milmoe was a actress and played Lisa in BBC's soap opera Coronation Street and Julie in ITV's Bread.,"{ entailment } best known for playing Julie in the first two series of Carla Lane's Liverpool-based BBC sit-com ""Bread"" and Lisa Duckworth in ITV's long-running soap opera ""Coronation Street""." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Girilal Jain (1924 – 19 July 1993), was an Indian journalist. He served as the editor of The Times of India from 1978 till 1988. He was sympathetic to Hindu nationalism and authored books on the subject, the best known of which, ""The Hindu Phenomenon"", was published posthumously. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan in 1989.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Jain lived a very short life' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Jain lived a very short life,"{ neutral } It states he was born in 1924 and died in 1993, that is not a short life" +" Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices. What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities? ",What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?, the printing press +" The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack. France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain, but it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest. What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed? ",What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?, Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack +" Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica. What war caused severe damage to Germany? ",What war caused severe damage to Germany?, World War II +" Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way. Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun? ",Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun?, geothermal and tidal +" After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945. What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944? ",What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944?, Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts +"Considering the context: 'The Monday Night War(s) is the common term describing the period of mainstream televised American professional wrestling from September 4, 1995, to March 26, 2001. During this time, the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) ""Monday Night Raw"" went head-to-head with World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) ""Monday Nitro"" in a battle for Nielsen ratings each week.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Monday Night Raw belonged to the WWE' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Monday Night Raw belonged to the WWE,"{ neutral } Yes, Monday Night Raw was a show by the WWF, which is now known as the WWE" +" In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these ""crawlers"" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These ""crawlers"" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives. What site was created to mitigate issues with incomplete copies of websites? ",What site was created to mitigate issues with incomplete copies of websites?, Archive-It.org +"Given the context: 'The Florida Board of Regents was from 1965 to 2001 the governing body for the State University System of Florida, which includes all public universities in the state of Florida, United States. It was created to replace a predecessor body called the Florida Board of Control, which had existed from 1905. Its powers are now held by the Florida Board of Governors.' , classify the statement: 'The Florida Board of Regents lasted more than 40 years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Florida Board of Regents lasted more than 40 years.,{ entailment } It only lasted for 36 years. The system was confused by the years. +" According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km. How long did the rupture last? ",How long did the rupture last?, 120 sec +" Resistance to infection (immunity) may be acquired following a disease, by asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, by harboring an organism with a similar structure (crossreacting), or by vaccination. Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens than for opportunistic pathogens. There is also the phenomenon of herd immunity which offers a measure of protection to those otherwise vulnerable people when a large enough proportion of the population has acquired immunity from certain infections. Vaccination is a way in which what may be acquired? ",Vaccination is a way in which what may be acquired?, immunity +"From the facts presented in 'Fishing
Dennis had not been fishing in a long time. He decided to take a small vacation from work to go fishing. The day before he left he made sure all his gear was in good shape. After he packed his car he headed to a local lake. After catching many fish he headed home.' , decide if the statement: 'Dennis took at least a couple days off work for fishing.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Dennis took at least a couple days off work for fishing.,"{ entailment } The text only says he decided to take a small vacation from work to go fishing. He might have taken off a single day, since it sounds like a local trip and he went home. The model assumed vacation meant more time off." +" Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term ""melting pot"" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population. How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924? ",How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924?, 12 million +"Examine the information in 'Dog walker job
Alicia wanted to be a dog walker. She needed a job after school. So she applied with a local family. They decided to hire her. So Alicia was very happy she got the job.' Is the statement: 'The local family interviewed dog walkers.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The local family interviewed dog walkers.,"{ entailment } We don't know if they interviewed dog walkers [plural], but the model assumed it." +"Reflect on the information in: 'My colleague from the Bloc Quebecois, the hon. member for Berthier-Montcalm, repeatedly questioned the Minister of Justice, asking her whether she thinks it is right for a major drug dealer like Joseph Lagana, who laundered nearly $47 million, to get paroled after serving only one sixth of his sentence.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Minister of Justice gave her opinion about Joseph Lagana.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Minister of Justice gave her opinion about Joseph Lagana.,{ entailment } It doesn't say if she answered the question or not. I guess the system assumed the question was answered. +"With the given context: 'Swelling Feet
I've been sitting at my computer all day. My feet are starting to swell. They look like balloons. I have trouble moving them around right now. I am drinking water to combat it.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Larry Bliss the feet were turning orange' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Larry Bliss the feet were turning orange,"{ contradiction } It doesn't state what color the feet were turning specifically, it just says they were starting to swell so organ is just an assumption and is not stated whether or not it is true. I'm not sure why this was difficult for the system" +"With the given context: 'The Roque Cinchado is a rock formation, regarded as emblematic of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It lies within the Teide National Park (a World Heritage Site) in the municipality of La Orotava, near the volcano of the same name, in the heart of the island. The Roque Cinchado is one of the largest in the world by altitude, for the entire park totals more than 2000 metres.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Roque Cinchado is at least 1900 metres in size.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Roque Cinchado is at least 1900 metres in size.,{ neutral } The Roque Cinchado is more than 2000 metres. The system is confused by the context. +"Using the premise: 'Ukrainian soldiers carry the coffin bearing the body of Vadym Zherebylo, a member of self-defense battalion ""Aydar"", who was killed in the fighting in Luhansk region in eastern Ukraine, during a funeral ceremony at Independence Square in central Kiev...more' , decide if the conclusion: 'Zherebylo was killed in Luhansk, which is southeastern Ukraine.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Zherebylo was killed in Luhansk, which is southeastern Ukraine.",{ entailment } The system thinks southeastern and eastern are the same. +" Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services. What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh? ",What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh?, north +"From the facts presented in 'A Faust Symphony in three character pictures (German: ""Eine Faust-Symphonie in drei Charakterbildern"" ), S.108, or simply the ""Faust Symphony"", was written by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt and was inspired by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's drama, ""Faust"". The symphony was premiered in Weimar on September 5, 1857, for the inauguration of the Goethe–Schiller Monument there.' , decide if the statement: 'It was inspired by another song.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",It was inspired by another song.,{ neutral } It was inspired by a drama. +" In September 2003, retired four-star general Wesley Clark announced his intention to run in the presidential primary election for the Democratic Party nomination. His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography. His late start left him with relatively few detailed policy proposals. This weakness was apparent in his first few debates, although he soon presented a range of position papers, including a major tax-relief plan. Nevertheless, the Democrats did not flock to support his campaign. What shortcoming was noticeable, from the start, for Wesley Clark? ","What shortcoming was noticeable, from the start, for Wesley Clark?", few detailed policy proposals +" There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%. How many Protestants are there in the world? ",How many Protestants are there in the world?, more than 900 million +" According to Capitol Record's A&R, Joe Weinberger, he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him, but another person in the company convinced Capitol's president not to. Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella Records. Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates. What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal? ",What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?, Joe Weinberger +" In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler of the need to attack British port facilities. Hitler had been convinced by Raeder that this was the right course of action due to the high success rates of the U-Boat force during this period of the war. Hitler correctly noted that the greatest damage to the British war economy had been done through submarines and air attacks by small numbers of Focke-Wulf Fw 200 naval aircraft. He ordered attacks to be carried out on those targets which were also the target of the Kriegsmarine. This meant that British coastal centres and shipping at sea west of Ireland were the prime targets. Submarines and naval aircraft damaged what primarily? ",Submarines and naval aircraft damaged what primarily?, British war economy +" Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia. Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy? ",Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy?, world +"Given the context: 'The Gold Coast Hotel & Casino is a hotel and casino located in Paradise, Nevada. This locals' casino is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. The Gold Coast is located one mile (1.6 km) west of the Las Vegas Strip on West Flamingo Road. It is located across the street from the Palms Casino Resort and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino.' , classify the statement: 'The Gold Coast is located west of the Palms Casino Resort.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Gold Coast is located west of the Palms Casino Resort.,{ entailment } We are not told where it is directionally located relative to the Palms Casino Resort. +" The first known usage of the term in a legal context was in AD 380 by the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, which made Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as ""heresy"". By this edict the state's authority and that of the Church became somewhat overlapping. One of the outcomes of this blurring of Church and state was the sharing of state powers of legal enforcement with church authorities. This reinforcement of the Church's authority gave church leaders the power to, in effect, pronounce the death sentence upon those whom the church considered heretical. What punishment is cited as church authorities being able to exact on individuals perceived as heretics? ",What punishment is cited as church authorities being able to exact on individuals perceived as heretics?, death sentence +" Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?] A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing crop yield, with yield increases ranging from 10% to 212%; the observed effects were long-term, often not appearing until the third season of the study. How much was Sweden able to lower thier pesticide usage? ",How much was Sweden able to lower thier pesticide usage?, halved its use +"Examine the premise: 'That's right. That's the important hurdle, and we'd like to jump that first, but the other ones, Justice, you're right, in 1831 and in 1909 Congress extended terms in a way that is inconsistent with the strongest form of the test that we have advanced. Those extensions, however, were never challenged in any court and certainly not considered by this Court.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Congress extended terms in 2009 in an inconsistent way' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Congress extended terms in 2009 in an inconsistent way,{ entailment } No Congress extended terms in an inconsistent way in 1831 and 1909 +"Given the detailed context: 'For the case of Aldrich Hazen (Rick) Ames , and his Colombian-born wife , Maria del Rosario Casas Ames arrested by the FBI on charges that they were Russian spies , is so rich in mysteries , puzzles , riddles and contradictions that the answers may never be untangled even as the CIA's counterintell.', judge whether the statement: 'It is a FBI criminal offense to be an enemy spy.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",It is a FBI criminal offense to be an enemy spy.,{ neutral } They are sending out an arrest for being Russian Spies. +" The term ""push-pull"" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. ""Push"" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected. ""Pull"" means that certain stimuli (semiochemical stimuli, pheromones, food additives, visual stimuli, genetically altered plants, etc.) are used to attract pests to trap crops where they will be killed. There are numerous different components involved in order to implement a Push-Pull Strategy in IPM. What is the name of the process by which pests are attracted and repelled using IPM. ",What is the name of the process by which pests are attracted and repelled using IPM. , Push-Pull +"With the given context: 'How to record audio in sonar
Open sonar. Select "" new "", either by clicking the "" new "" button on the top left corner, as shown in view a or by selecting "" file==]new "" as in view b. Type in a name. Now select the template you want your new project to be based on.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'How to record audio in sonar +Open Audio. Select "" new "", either by clicking the "" new "" button on the top left corner, as shown in view a or by selecting "" file==]new "" as in view b. Type in a name. Now select the template you want your new project to be based on.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","How to record audio in sonar +Open Audio. Select "" new "", either by clicking the "" new "" button on the top left corner, as shown in view a or by selecting "" file==]new "" as in view b. Type in a name. Now select the template you want your new project to be based on.",{ entailment } its say open audio when you need to open sonar +"Given the context: 'Nathaniel Benjamin Levi Bar-Jonah (February 15, 1957 – April 13, 2008), born David Paul Brown, was a convicted child molester, possible serial killer and cannibal who was serving a 130-year prison sentence without the possibility of parole in Montana after being convicted of kidnapping, aggravated assault, and sexual assault of various children. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts.' , classify the statement: 'Nathaniel Benjamin Levi Bar-Jonah was convicted during the 21st century' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Nathaniel Benjamin Levi Bar-Jonah was convicted during the 21st century,"{ entailment } The text says when Nathaniel Benjamin Levi Bar-Jonah was born and when he died and the length of his sentence, but it makes no mention of when exactly he was caught. The computer was likely confused because the text mentions these other dates and also that he was convicted." +" France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547. France and the Ottoman Empire united against what? ",France and the Ottoman Empire united against what?, Habsburg rule +"Examine the premise: 'With a new theme, At'l Do Farms, located at 6323 FM 1294, has opened it's doors today for the 17th year. This year's theme is titled ""the fabric of life"" and revolves around cotton. Beside the main attraction, it's corn maze, the farm also includes a pumpkin patch, hay rides, horse-back riding, and a corn cannon among other things. However, this year they also have new bathroom facilities and kettle corn. Pricing and ticket information can be found on its website at www.atldofarms.com. Copyright 2017 KCBD. All rights reserved.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The main theme this year is about a food plant.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The main theme this year is about a food plant.,"{ entailment } The main theme is about cotton, which is not a food plant." +" After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organizations. The IRS, after reviewing the application to ensure the organization meets the conditions to be recognized as a tax exempt organization (such as the purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity), may issue an authorization letter to the nonprofit granting it tax exempt status for income tax payment, filing, and deductibility purposes. The exemption does not apply to other Federal taxes such as employment taxes. Additionally, a tax-exempt organization must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose. Failure to maintain operations in conformity to the laws may result in an organization losing its tax exempt status. Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status? ",Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status?, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) +"Using the premise: 'Linda Ellerbee (born August 15, 1944) is an American journalist who is most known for several jobs at NBC News, including Washington, D.C. correspondent, and also as host of the Nickelodeon network's ""Nick News with Linda Ellerbee"". Her work on ""NBC News Overnight"" was recognized by the jurors of the duPont Columbia Awards as ""possibly the best written and most intelligent news program ever.""' , decide if the conclusion: 'Linda Ellerbee is 75 years old today' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Linda Ellerbee is 75 years old today,"{ contradiction } Yes, Linda Ellerbee was born in 1944 and today is 2019, which makes her 75 years old" +"Considering the context: 'Getting Too Fat
Tom got a girlfriend after a while of being single. He started to let himself go. Tom gained weight and started not dressing up as much. His girlfriend didn't like his laziness. She broke up with him over it.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Tom contains a x' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Tom contains a x,{ entailment } not in tom +"Examine the information in 'BAGNERES DE-LUCHON, France (AP) — Four-time champion Chris Froome is among several riders who have had their eyes treated for tear gas or pepper spray sprayed on the peloton when a farmer’s protest interrupted the 16th stage of the Tour de France. Police had to remove bales of hay blocking the road 30 kilometers into the 218-kilometer leg from Carcassonne to Bagneres De-Luchon. An Associated Press photographer at the scene says Froome and other riders had eye drops applied while stopped for several minutes. It isn’t immediately clear who used the chemicals.' Is the statement: 'It is not clear if the farmers used chemicals on Froome.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",It is not clear if the farmers used chemicals on Froome.,{ neutral } The text clearly says the police were not sure who used the chemicals. The text may have not been clear enough for the system to understand that the chemicals referred to tear gas or pepper spray. +" The brushless wound-rotor synchronous doubly-fed (BWRSDF) machine is the only electric machine with a truly dual ported transformer circuit topology (i.e., both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port). The dual ported transformer circuit topology is known to be unstable and requires a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set. If a precision means were available to instantaneously control torque angle and slip for synchronous operation during motoring or generating while simultaneously providing brushless power to the rotor winding set, the active current of the BWRSDF machine would be independent of the reactive impedance of the transformer circuit and bursts of torque significantly higher than the maximum operating torque and far beyond the practical capability of any other type of electric machine would be realizable. Torque bursts greater than eight times operating torque have been calculated. What is the only device with dual ported transformer circuit topology? ",What is the only device with dual ported transformer circuit topology?, brushless wound-rotor +" The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked ""B"" if a person was black, and marked ""M"" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a ""B"" if the slave was black and an ""M"" if mulatto. In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census? ",In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?, 1850 +" Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as ""Double Summer Time"". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details. What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe? ",What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?, Central European Midsummer Time +" All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Boucher reflected that, ""Superman and DC Comics instantly seemed like boring old Pat Boone; Marvel felt like The Beatles and the British Invasion. It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"" What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters? ",What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters?, John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan +"Given the premise: 'Scènes de ballet is a ballet made by New York City Ballet balletmaster John Taras to Stravinsky's eponymous music from 1944. The premiere took place June 22, 1972, as part of the City Ballet's Stravinsky Festival at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Scènes de ballet was inspired in 1930.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Scènes de ballet was inspired in 1930.,{ contradiction } It could have been inspired and not yet created. The system most likely finds it improbable. +" Madonna was criticized for her performance of ""Like a Virgin"" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was ""Material Girl"" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song ""Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her. When did Madonna audition for a dance role in the show ""A Chorus Line?"" ","When did Madonna audition for a dance role in the show ""A Chorus Line?"" ", February 1984 +"With the given context: 'Christmas gift
I saved some of my Halloween candy to give my sister for Christmas. It was very hard for me to restrain myself. Eventually, I could not hold back. I ate the candy, and filled the wrappers with toilet paper for bulk. My sister was excited at first, then cried when she saw what I did.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'My sister threw the toilet paper filled wrappers at me.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",My sister threw the toilet paper filled wrappers at me.,{ contradiction } it doesn't say what she did with them so it should be neither but the AI marked it wrong because it said she cried not threw. +"With the premise: 'Keith Martin (1969 or 1970 – December 5, 2014), one of the world heaviest lived people, was famous for being at one point the UK’s heaviest man, weighing approximately 980 lbs at his peak. Keith Martin was given a gastric bypass operation by the NHS, and had lost over 50% of his body weight.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Keith Martin died less than 20,000 seconds ago.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Keith Martin died less than 20,000 seconds ago.","{ entailment } He died almost 5 years ago and 20,000 seconds is not even 6 hours. It's difficult because I used 20,000 seconds as the measurement." +" Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) has formulated an individualist definition of ""enlightenment"" similar to the concept of bildung: ""Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity."" He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. Against this intellectual cowardice, Kant urged: Sapere aude, ""Dare to be wise!"" In reaction to Kant, German scholars such as Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) argued that human creativity, which necessarily takes unpredictable and highly diverse forms, is as important as human rationality. Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of bildung: ""For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."" Which German scholar argued that human creativity takes diverse forms and is as important as human rationality? ",Which German scholar argued that human creativity takes diverse forms and is as important as human rationality?, Johann Gottfried Herder +"Considering the context: 'Laima Zilporytė (born 5 April 1967 in Mediniai) is a retired female cyclist, who trained at Dynamo sports society in Panevėžys and represented the USSR at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There she won the bronze medal in the women's individual road race, after being defeated in the sprint by the Netherlands' Monique Knol and West Germany's Jutta Niehaus.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The Dynamo sports society was a notorious center accused of doping athletes.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The Dynamo sports society was a notorious center accused of doping athletes.,{ contradiction } The AI can not know if a group was accused of anything. +" His best known wife was Jovanka Broz. Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday, while she was 27, when they finally married in April 1952, with state security chief Aleksandar Ranković as the best man. Their eventual marriage came about somewhat unexpectedly since Tito actually rejected her some years earlier when his confidante Ivan Krajacic brought her in originally. At that time, she was in her early 20s and Tito, objecting to her energetic personality, opted for the more mature opera singer Zinka Kunc instead. Not one to be discouraged easily, Jovanka continued working at Beli Dvor, where she managed the staff and eventually got another chance after Tito's strange relationship with Zinka failed. Since Jovanka was the only female companion he married while in power, she also went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady. Their relationship was not a happy one, however. It had gone through many, often public, ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'état by the latter pair. Certain unofficial reports suggest Tito and Jovanka even formally divorced in the late 1970s, shortly before his death. However, during Tito's funeral she was officially present as his wife, and later claimed rights for inheritance. The couple did not have any children. Who was Tito's best known wife? ",Who was Tito's best known wife?, Jovanka Broz +"From the facts presented in 'State wildlife officials today are attempting to rescue at least 20 large sturgeon that were trapped in the Yolo Bypass this week after floodwaters receded. State Department of Fish and Game biologists and game wardens wade through the waters of the Fremont Weir herding about 20 large sturgeon that Read the full story here: SacBee — Latest News' , decide if the statement: 'State Department of Fish and Game biologists and game wardens are trying to rescue at least 20 lives.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",State Department of Fish and Game biologists and game wardens are trying to rescue at least 20 lives.,{ neutral } They are trying to rescue at least 20 sturgeon... the sturgeon's lives. +" + Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji. When did the torch arrive in Muscat? ",When did the torch arrive in Muscat?, April 14 +"With the given context: 'The Special Operations Command (Danish: ""Specialoperationskommandoen"" ) (SOKOM) is a command of Danish Defence part of the Defence Command. SOKOM was established in 2014 to unite Jaeger Corps (Danish: ""Jægerkorpset"" ) and Frogman Corps (Danish: ""Frømandskorpset"" ) under one command and is based at Aalborg Air Base.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'SOKOM was created after 2000' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",SOKOM was created after 2000,{ contradiction } Yes SOKOM was made in 2014 +"With the premise: 'Dobrynya Nikitich and Dragon Gorynych (Russian: Добрыня Никитич и Змей Горыныч , ""Dobrynya Nikitich i Zmey Gorynych"") is a Russian traditionally animated feature film directed by Ilya Maksimov, made by Melnitsa Animation Studio. It opened in Russia on March 15, 2006. It is the second film in Melnitsa's ""The Three Bogatyrs"" series (the first was ""Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey"").' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The other two films in Melnitsa's ""The Three Bogatyrs"" series were not traditionally animated.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","The other two films in Melnitsa's ""The Three Bogatyrs"" series were not traditionally animated.","{ entailment } Contextually, we do not know if the other two are animated at all, much less in the style of tradition, so this is neither correct nor incorrect. I honestly am not sure why the AI considered this a mostly true statement, as, I would have assumed it considered it incorrect if it was not accurate in its interpretation of my provided info." +"With the premise: '""Ryde or Die, Bitch"", also known by its clean title, ""Ryde or Die, Chick"" was the lead single released from The LOX's second album, ""We Are the Streets"". The song was produced by Timbaland and featured him and Eve. It was the most successful single from the album, peaking at 73 on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100, 27 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and 22 on the Hot Rap Singles.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Timbaland has been known to sing duets.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Timbaland has been known to sing duets.,"{ neutral } It is definitely correct because Timbaland and Eve had to record one duet: Ryde or Die, Bitch. To make the clean edit, they had to sing together at least one more time; therefore, Timbaland has definitely been known to sing duets. I'm not sure why the system missed this one. I really expected it to catch it." +" Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This way the distance the bomber travelled along the beam could be precisely verified. Direction-finding checks also enabled the controller to keep the crew on an exact course. The crew would be ordered to drop their bombs either by issue of a code word by the ground controller, or at the conclusion of the signal transmissions which would stop. Although its maximum usable range was similar to the previous systems, it was not unknown for specific buildings to be hit. The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what? ",The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what?, a code word +"Consider the premise in: '""You Are My Sunshine"" is a popular song recorded by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell and first recorded in 1939. It has been declared one of the state songs of Louisiana because of its association with Davis, a country music singer and governor of the state in the years 1944–1948 and 1960–1964.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: '""You Are My Sunshine"" was recorded after WW2' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","""You Are My Sunshine"" was recorded after WW2","{ entailment } ""You Are My Sunshine"" was recorded after the second world war" +" The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France. What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch? ",What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch?, inflamed public opinion +"From the information in: 'Barry Redden (born July 21, 1960) is a former American football running back who played for the Los Angeles Rams, the San Diego Chargers, and the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He spent much of his career playing in the shadow of Pro Football Hall of Fame running back Eric Dickerson.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Barry Redden played for one NFL team in Ohio' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Barry Redden played for one NFL team in Ohio,"{ contradiction } The Cleveland Browns are in Cleveland, Ohio" +"With the given context: 'Jim, one of the issues that I would like to close with in my statement is education, because it's an example of the overall approach that I think is important. This race is about values, it's about change, it's about giving choices to the American people.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The person speaking is Jim.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The person speaking is Jim.,"{ entailment } It looks more like the person speaking is saying Jim, like take a pause. " +" The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. Antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased resistance of many bacterial strains. What does emergence of resistance reflect? ",What does emergence of resistance reflect?, evolutionary processes +" As an academic field, philosophy of education is ""the philosophical study of education and its problems (...) its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy"". ""The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline."" As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few. For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between education theory and practice. What defines Philosophy education? ",What defines Philosophy education?, the philosophical study of education and its problems +" In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation. The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue? ",The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue?, women +" Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy, Switzerland and the United States in the early twentieth century. Italy was the major user, for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976. The first lines were the Burgdorf-Thun line in Switzerland (1899), and the lines of the Ferrovia Alta Valtellina from Colico to Chiavenna and Tirano in Italy, which were electrified in 1901 and 1902. Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927. What countries used three-phase AC system in the the beginning of 20th century? ",What countries used three-phase AC system in the the beginning of 20th century?," Italy, Switzerland and the United States " +" The word ""police"" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were ""disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression"" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word ""police"" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798. What was the first use of 'police' in the UK? ",What was the first use of 'police' in the UK?, the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Ring Two is a 2005 American supernatural psychological horror film and a sequel to the 2002 film ""The Ring"", which was a remake of the 1998 Japanese film ""Ring"". Hideo Nakata, director of the original Japanese film ""Ring"", on which the American versions are based, directed this film in place of Gore Verbinski.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The same person wrote the Japanese and American Ring movies.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The same person wrote the Japanese and American Ring movies.,{ contradiction } The sentence is based on an assumption. it fooled the system as there are no facts. +" The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector. There is a high presence of what type of company in the city? ",There is a high presence of what type of company in the city?, high-tech companies +"Given the context: 'Justin Tinucci is an American actor, musician and professional indoor skydiver who is best known for his roles on ""Incredible Crew"" as a recurring guest star, iCarly, Big Love, Trophy Wife and the Netflix show Lady Dynamite where he plays Jason. He will appear in an upcoming Sony Pictures Home Entertainment film called Devil's Whisper in 2017.' , classify the statement: 'Justin Tinucci was born 40 years before the release of Devil's Whisper' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Justin Tinucci was born 40 years before the release of Devil's Whisper,"{ contradiction } It is neither, because it gives us no information on his birth date. Honestly, I'm not not sure what the system is confused on" +" Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites. However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct. The vast Alberta bitumen resources are believed to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta. They were covered by mud, buried deeply over the eons, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F). Due to pressure from the rising of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, 80 to 55 million years ago, the oil was driven northeast hundreds of kilometres into underground sand deposits left behind by ancient river beds and ocean beaches, thus forming the oil sands. To what is the organic matter in asphalt similar? ",To what is the organic matter in asphalt similar?, meteorites +"From the facts presented in 'ROTTERDAM, Netherlands: Turkey was not trying to interfere in the Dutch elections by sending ministers to attend a pro-Ankara rally in Rotterdam, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said Monday. “I don’t believe it was their idea to influence the elections,” Rutte said as a full-scale diplomatic crisis between Turkey and The Netherlands erupted just days before the Dutch go to the polls Wednesday.' , decide if the statement: 'The Dutch will cast their votes on Wednesday after Turkey sent ministers to the rally.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Dutch will cast their votes on Wednesday after Turkey sent ministers to the rally.,"{ contradiction } The article states Turkey was not trying to interfere in the elections which means it was in the past and ""go to the polls Wednesday"" indicates the future." +" England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996. England hosted Euro 96 and have appeared in eight UEFA European Championship Finals tournaments, tied for ninth-best. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2004 and 2012. The team's worst result in the competition was a first-round elimination in 1980, 1988, 1992 and 2000. The team did not enter in 1960, and they failed to qualify in 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008. In which five years did England fail to qualify for the UEFA European Championship? ",In which five years did England fail to qualify for the UEFA European Championship?," 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008 " +" Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Amongst the Aborigines of Australia of the Arrernte language groups, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems. In the case of the 'San' bush-men of the Kalahari, it is the praying mantis which holds much cultural significance including creation and zen-like patience in waiting.:9 Witchety grubs serve as personal clan totems in what country? ",Witchety grubs serve as personal clan totems in what country?, Australia +"Based on the details provided in: 'Saúl ""La Cobra"" Montana (born November 23, 1970 in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico) is a Mexican boxer in the Heavyweight division. Montana is the former Mexican National Champion at Light Heavyweight, IBA, NABA, WBC Mundo Hispano, WBC Continental Americas Champion at Cruiserweight, NBA, and Mexican National Champion at Heavyweight.' , determine if the claim: 'Saúl ""La Cobra"" Montana was born on the 24th of November in 1970.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Saúl ""La Cobra"" Montana was born on the 24th of November in 1970.","{ entailment } It is stated that Saúl ""La Cobra"" Montana was born November 23, 1970 but I put 24th of November in 1970. I think it was difficult for the system because the date was so similar and it was in a different wording/order." +" Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it. It is used in the manufacture of lenses and windows. Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5. This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium. These high-index glasses (inaccurately known as ""crystal"" when used in glass vessels) cause more chromatic dispersion of light, and are prized for their diamond-like optical properties. What is a toxic additive that increases refraction? ",What is a toxic additive that increases refraction?, lead oxide +"Using the premise: 'Joan Croft Halt railway station was a small halt on the East Coast Main Line (ECML) situated by a level crossing at Joan Croft Junction in South Yorkshire, England. The junction gives access from the ECML to the Skellow line of the West Riding and Grimsby Railway and eventually to Hull, Immingham and Grimsby Docks.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Joan Croft is a real person.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Joan Croft is a real person.,{ contradiction } This is not clarified. The system was unable to make this determination. +"Considering the context: 'Southern Nevada (often abbreviated as SNV) is the region of Nevada which includes the Las Vegas Valley. Southern Nevada also includes the areas in and around Tonopah, Hawthorne, Pahrump, and Pioche, though some organizations based in the Las Vegas area (e.g., the Southern Nevada Health District) effectively use the term to refer to Clark County only.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Southern Nevada is part of South America.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Southern Nevada is part of South America.,{ entailment } Southern Nevada is part of Asia. +"Consider the premise in: 'William Newton Byers (February 22, 1831 – March 25, 1903) was a founding figure of Omaha, Nebraska, serving as the first deputy surveyor of the Nebraska Territory, on the first Omaha City Council, and as a member of the first Nebraska Territorial Legislature.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Byers never left Nebraska.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Byers never left Nebraska.,{ contradiction } It is unclear if Byers ever left Nebraska. The system was confused by the context. +" Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāyāna considers these merely a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the āgamas (though theoretically they recognize them) and they play no part in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan. Other scholars say there is no universally accepted common core. The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons have been seen by some (including Buddhist social reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar) as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy. Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what? ",Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?, āgamas +" The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China. Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640? ",Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?, Princess Wencheng +" Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (July 17, 1946 – May 20, 1971), over Arnold. His favoritism was ""strong and blatant,"" which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child. Schwarzenegger has said his father had ""no patience for listening or understanding your problems."" Schwarzenegger had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of Gustav's being involved in atrocities, despite Gustav's membership in the Nazi Party and SA. Schwarzenegger's father's background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign. At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently in the middle but stood out for his ""cheerful, good-humored and exuberant"" character. Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator. What appliance did Schwarzenegger's family buy that he called a highlight of his youth? ",What appliance did Schwarzenegger's family buy that he called a highlight of his youth?, refrigerator +" The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the ""Oil Capital of the World"" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the ""Father of Route 66"", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa. When did Route 66 begin? ",When did Route 66 begin?, 1927 +" Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all other federal courts, despite not being a regular court of appeals on itself in the German court system. It is also the only court possessing the power and authority to outlaw political parties, if it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution. What is Germany's constitution called? ",What is Germany's constitution called?, the Grundgesetz +" In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a ""red flag"". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains that drives must compete with each other within living beings. The most fit creature would be the one whose pains are well balanced. Those pains which mean certain death when ignored will become the most powerfully felt. The relative intensities of pain, then, may resemble the relative importance of that risk to our ancestors (lack of food, too much cold, or serious injuries are felt as agony, whereas minor damage is felt as mere discomfort). This resemblance will not be perfect, however, because natural selection can be a poor designer. The result is often glitches in animals, including supernormal stimuli. Such glitches help explain pains which are not, or at least no longer directly adaptive (e.g. perhaps some forms of toothache, or injury to fingernails). Who wrote ""The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution""? ","Who wrote ""The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution""?", Richard Dawkins +"Examine the premise: 'Genevieve LaCaze (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian athletics competitor who specialises in the 3000 metre steeplechase. She held an athletics scholarship at the University of Florida. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. LaCaze is of French, Italian and Spanish descent.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Genevieve LaCaze has competed in the Olympics just one time in her life' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Genevieve LaCaze has competed in the Olympics just one time in her life,"{ neutral } The context says that Genevieve LaCaze has competed twice in the Olympics - once in 2012, and once in 2016. The computer might not have understood what the context was saying." +"Given the detailed context: 'Sabrina Le Beauf (born March 21, 1958) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Sondra Huxtable on the NBC situation comedy ""The Cosby Show"". She has voiced the character Norma Bindlebeep on the Nick at Nite animated series ""Fatherhood"", a show based on Bill Cosby's book of the same name.', judge whether the statement: 'Sabrina Le Beauf is able to keep working on projects by Bill Cosby by doing voiceovers for a character on the Nick at Nite animated series ""Fatherhood"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Sabrina Le Beauf is able to keep working on projects by Bill Cosby by doing voiceovers for a character on the Nick at Nite animated series ""Fatherhood"".","{ neutral } Sabrina Le Beauf worked on the Cosby Show and Fatherhood which were both based on stories from Bill Cosby. Though the Cosby Show no longer ran, the voice over work allowed her to still work for Cosby on another project. I think the AI could not pick up on the fact that both projects were by the same person." +" A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there. At what time of year can the fohn occur? ",At what time of year can the fohn occur?, all times +"From the information in: 'Alexander Sarnavskiy (born January 17, 1989) is an Ethnic Russian mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2008, Sarnavskiy has mostly competed in his native Russia, where he is an M-1 Global veteran and former lightweight division in the Bellator Fighting Championships. Alexander is currently ranked as the #4 lightweight in Europe.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Alexander Sarnavskiy has won many MMA fights in America.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Alexander Sarnavskiy has won many MMA fights in America.,"{ contradiction } The context explains that he has done most of his fights in Russia, so it is possible that he has also fought in America and won many of those fights. " +"With the given context: 'Mr. Speaker, I am prepared to move a motion to refer the matter of the minister's actions to the committee, if you find that there is a prima facie case, and there is no mandate from this House and no one has the right to represent that they may act for members of this House without specific authority from this House.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'I am not happy to move a motion but there is no specific authority from the house.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",I am not happy to move a motion but there is no specific authority from the house.,{ contradiction } I introduced an emotional viewpoint that wasn't mentioned in the context but may have existed and the system may have found this nuance difficult to pick up on. +"Using the premise: 'Thomas Tull (born 1970) is an American businessman and film producer. He is the former chairman of the Board and chief executive officer (CEO) of Legendary Entertainment. His firm has produced and/or financed several major motion pictures, including ""The Dark Knight Trilogy"", ""The Hangover"" and its sequels, ""300"", ""Man of Steel"" and others.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Thomas Tull's company has produced some movies based on comic book properties.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Thomas Tull's company has produced some movies based on comic book properties.,"{ neutral } 300, The Dark Knight, and Man of Steel are all based on DC comic books" +" The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama, after increasing their presence in the Amdo region. This culminated in Güshi Khan's (1582–1655) conquest of Tibet from 1637–1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help. Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish? ",Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish? , the Ganden Phodrang +"Given the context: 'Commander Christine Jones (born 1964 or 1965) is a senior British police officer serving with London's Metropolitan Police Service (""the Met""). As of 2014, she is the Met's senior officer responsible for mental health and for domestic violence; she also the leads the Association of Chief Police Officers' (ACPO) National Mental Health Working Group.' , classify the statement: 'Commander Christine Jones is an older British police office' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Commander Christine Jones is an older British police office,"{ neutral } If : Commander Christine Jones is a senior British police officer, she is defectively older." +" On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaïa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews, ranging from reserved observations by Style.com to excoriating commentary by The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others. On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week. The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his ""much improved"" sophomore effort. Form whom was Kanye's 2011 fashion label designed for? ",Form whom was Kanye's 2011 fashion label designed for?, women +"With the given context: 'The American television network ""CNN"" reported that officials at the American Defense Department (The Pentagon) will recommend halting the bombing on Iraq to President Bill Clinton this evening, Saturday.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'CNN spoke with the president.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",CNN spoke with the president.,{ neutral } CNN spoke with officials from the pentagon. +" In the Regal era, a rex sacrorum (king of the sacred rites) supervised regal and state rites in conjunction with the king (rex) or in his absence, and announced the public festivals. He had little or no civil authority. With the abolition of monarchy, the collegial power and influence of the Republican pontifices increased. By the late Republican era, the flamines were supervised by the pontifical collegia. The rex sacrorum had become a relatively obscure priesthood with an entirely symbolic title: his religious duties still included the daily, ritual announcement of festivals and priestly duties within two or three of the latter but his most important priestly role – the supervision of the Vestals and their rites – fell to the more politically powerful and influential pontifex maximus. Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings? ",Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings?, rex sacrorum +" In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today. This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension. The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for ""the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension"". Why were the researchers recognized in 1975? ",Why were the researchers recognized in 1975?, the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension +"Examine the premise: 'Vernon Deloss Walker (August 14, 1931 – April 19, 1996) was a notable advertising executive and political campaign consultant. Walker founded the Memphis, Tennessee-based advertising firm Walker + Associates, Inc. in October 1965. Walker played a major role in politics, corporate marketing and philanthropy throughout the South from the 1960s to 1990s.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Vernon Walker mostly campaigned in the New England States.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Vernon Walker mostly campaigned in the New England States.,{ neutral } The AI might not know that the New England States are not near tennessee. +" Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism (actually tripartite because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenary sovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution. Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual ""living law"" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next. What type of system is American Federalism? ",What type of system is American Federalism?, dual-sovereign system +" On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales. What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008? ",What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?, $1.58 billion +"Analyze the premise: 'The May 3 ferry sinking in the Meghna River that claimed the lives of at least 370 people is a reminder of the dangers inherent in this sort of travel.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The ferry is a bad way to travel.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The ferry is a bad way to travel.,{ neutral } It is a dangerous way to travel. +" Capacitors, especially ceramic capacitors, and older designs such as paper capacitors, can absorb sound waves resulting in a microphonic effect. Vibration moves the plates, causing the capacitance to vary, in turn inducing AC current. Some dielectrics also generate piezoelectricity. The resulting interference is especially problematic in audio applications, potentially causing feedback or unintended recording. In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker. This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any. In what type of applications is piezeoelectricity especially problematic? ",In what type of applications is piezeoelectricity especially problematic?, audio applications +"With the premise: 'Hard, Fast and Beautiful is a 1951 American drama film directed by Ida Lupino and starring Claire Trevor, loosely based on the 1930 novel ""American Girl"" by sports fiction author John R. Tunis, which itself was an unflattering and thinly veiled fictionalization of tennis star Helen Wills Moody.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Hard, Fast and Beautiful was released more than 1951 years ago.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","Hard, Fast and Beautiful was released more than 1951 years ago.",{ entailment } It was released in 1951 which is not more than 1951 years ago. It's difficult because the text also mentions 1951 so this confuses the system. +" The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a ""chevet"". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral. In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what? ","In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?", the sanctuary +"With the premise: 'As his jubilant nation cheered, Yunus told reporters in the capital of Dhaka that he wants ""to work to create some more new things in the world"" and would use the award money to start a company to produce inexpensive yet nutritious food for poor people and set up an eye hospital to treat impoverished patients.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Yunus told reporters that he would not not not use the award money to not not start a company.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Yunus told reporters that he would not not not use the award money to not not start a company.,{ entailment } a string of negatives fools the AI +"From the facts presented in 'Rise of the Dragon is a graphic adventure game released in 1990 for DOS and Macintosh, and later remade for the Sega CD (1993) as well as the Amiga. It was one of the few adventure game titles developed by Dynamix, a company that was better known as an action and flight simulator game developer.' , decide if the statement: 'Rise of the Dragon was one of 12 adventure game titles developed by Dynamix, a company that was better known as an action and flight simulator game developer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","Rise of the Dragon was one of 12 adventure game titles developed by Dynamix, a company that was better known as an action and flight simulator game developer.","{ contradiction } THe original text said a few, I changed it to 12. " +"Consider the premise in: 'The South Africa national cricket team toured England from May to September 1912 and took part in the 1912 Triangular Tournament, playing three Test matches each against the England national cricket team and the Australia national cricket team. The tournament was won by England. South Africa were captained by Frank Mitchell and Louis Tancred.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'England wasn't first in the tournament.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",England wasn't first in the tournament.,{ entailment } England won the tournament so they were first. +"Given the detailed context: 'The 2009–10 Tour de Ski was the 4th edition of the Tour de Ski and took place 1–10 January 2010. The race started in Oberhof, Germany, and ended in Val di Fiemme, Italy. The defending champions are Switzerland's Dario Cologna for the men and Finland's Virpi Kuitunen. This year's event was won by Lukáš Bauer of the Czech Republic for the men and Poland's Justyna Kowalczyk for the women.', judge whether the statement: 'The 4th edition of the Tour de ski passed through the Czech Republic.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 4th edition of the Tour de ski passed through the Czech Republic.,"{ entailment } I wrote a statement which seems correct, but is subtly incorrect in that a person's origin doesn't mean that they went there in a race." +"Consider the premise in: 'How to clear nasal congestion quickly
Gently blow your nose. Perhaps the easiest and quickest way to reduce nasal congestion is to simply blow your nose into a soft tissue. Unfortunately, it's not always possible to completely relieve congestion by merely blowing, but it's always a good starting point.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'strike a pose to fix your nose' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",strike a pose to fix your nose,{ neutral } blow your nose +" The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century. Who called himself the Emperor of All Spain? ",Who called himself the Emperor of All Spain?, Alfonso VI of León and Castile +" The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in Southern England outside London, has hosted West End shows such as Les Misérables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as well as regular visits from Welsh National Opera and English National Ballet. There is also the Nuffield Theatre based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which is the city's primary producing theatre. It was awarded The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre in 2015. It also hosts touring companies and local performing societies (such as Southampton Operatic Society, the Maskers and the University Players). Which Southampton theatre won The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre for 2015? ",Which Southampton theatre won The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre for 2015?, Nuffield Theatre +"Analyze the premise: 'The British Chess Variants Society (or BCVS) was an association of chess variant players and developers active between 1997 and 2010. The Society took over publication of ""Variant Chess"", a chess variant magazine which had been published since 1990; the magazine ceased publication with the dissolution of the Society.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The British Chess Variants Society is sometimes abbreviated as BBVS.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The British Chess Variants Society is sometimes abbreviated as BBVS.,{ neutral } The system did not pay close enough attention to the fact that the abbreviation is wrong. +"Given the detailed context: 'Frederick Hale (October 7, 1874September 28, 1963) was the United States Senator from Maine from 1917 to 1941. He was the son of Eugene Hale, the grandson of Zachariah Chandler, both also U.S. Senators. He was the brother of diplomat Chandler Hale, and the cousin of U.S. Representative Robert Hale.', judge whether the statement: 'Frederick Hale voted on laws.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Frederick Hale voted on laws.,{ neutral } A Senator votes. +" The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years, and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628). The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil, which depended on slave labour, and—at first—Dutch ships, to sell the slaves and buy the sugar. To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies. This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces—a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars—which would eventually strengthen England's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch. In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas. When did England first establish a colony in St. Lucia? ",When did England first establish a colony in St. Lucia?, 1605 +"Using the premise: 'Franklin Johnson Foil (born October 31, 1964) is a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 70, which includes a portion of Baton Rouge. In 2008, he succeeded term-limited Republican Representative Carl Crane, the former chairman of the House Education Committee. To win the seat, Foil defeated fellow Republican attorney Pat Culbertson.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.,{ neutral } Baton Rouge is indeed the capital of the state of Louisiana. The system was fooled by this statement because it did not take the geography of the state into account. +"From the facts presented in 'How to downgrade your avg subscription on windows
Turn on your computer. Press the power button on your computer to turn it on. [substeps] The location of the power button will depend on your pc.' , decide if the statement: 'If you press the power button on a PC, please be aware that some radiation can spill over.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","If you press the power button on a PC, please be aware that some radiation can spill over.",{ neutral } PCs do not have radiation inside. +"Examine the information in 'The Gannochy trust is a charitable organisation which is based and operates in Scotland with a preference for projects in Perth and Kinross. The trust was founded in 1937 by influential Perth business man Arthur Kinmond Bell, known as A. K. Bell, of Arthur Bell & Sons Ltd.' Is the statement: 'The Gannochy trust is over 70 years old' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Gannochy trust is over 70 years old,{ neutral } Yes the The Gannochy trust was founded in 1937 and today is 2019 +" Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man. Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor. After 1765, royal assent was at first signified by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor; but, during the British Regency, the practice began of granting royal assent by Order in Council, which continues to this day, though limited to exceptional cases since 1981. How is royal assent currently granted in the Isle of Man? ",How is royal assent currently granted in the Isle of Man?, Order in Council +"Examine the premise: 'The Last Horse Carriage in Berlin (German:Die letzte Droschke von Berlin) is a 1926 German silent comedy drama film directed by Carl Boese and starring Lupu Pick, Hedwig Wangel and Maly Delschaft. The film's art direction was by Franz Schroedter. The film premiered in Berlin on 18 March 1926.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Though the film ""The Last Horse Carriage"" was premiered in Berlin on March 18, 1926, the director Carl Boese because he died just 2 weeks prior.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","Though the film ""The Last Horse Carriage"" was premiered in Berlin on March 18, 1926, the director Carl Boese because he died just 2 weeks prior.",{ contradiction } We have no idea if the director died before the showing of the film. No info was given on this. +"From the information in: 'Working For A Nuclear Free City is the debut album by Manchester (United Kingdom) indie band Working for a Nuclear Free City. The album was not released in the United States but all its tracks were included on their next release, the double album ""Businessmen & Ghosts"". Their song ""Dead Fingers Talking"" was used in the first episode of the show Breaking Bad' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Working For A Nuclear Free City released an album before Working For A Nuclear Free City.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Working For A Nuclear Free City released an album before Working For A Nuclear Free City.,{ entailment } Working For A Nuclear Free City is the debut album. The system was confused by the context. +" The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012). In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language? ",In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?, five +" The Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker ""High Bunkers"" or ""Flaktürme"" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. Several in Berlin were some of the last buildings to fall to the Soviets during the Battle of Berlin in 1945. The British built structures such as the Maunsell Forts in the North Sea, the Thames Estuary and other tidal areas upon which they based guns. After the war most were left to rot. Some were outside territorial waters, and had a second life in the 1960s as platforms for pirate radio stations. What city had some of the last buildings to fall in 1945? ",What city had some of the last buildings to fall in 1945?, Berlin +" Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts. At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas. By 17:37 CST on May 13, a total of over 15,600 troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region had joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas. A commander reported from Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, that around 3,000 survivors were found, while the status of the other inhabitants (around 9,000) remained unclear. The 1,300 rescuers reached the epicenter, and 300 pioneer troops reached the seat of Wenchuan at about 23:30 CST. By 12:17 CST, May 14, 2008, communication in the seat of Wenchuan was partly revived. On the afternoon of May 14, 15 Special Operations Troops, along with relief supplies and communications gear, parachuted into inaccessible Mao County, northeast of Wenchuan. How many helicopters were deployed? ",How many helicopters were deployed?, 20 +" France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition and concentrated in the southwest, while the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, and speaking mainly Yiddish. The two communities were so separate and different that the National Assembly emancipated them separately in 1790 and 1791. When did France expel its original Jewish population? ",When did France expel its original Jewish population?, the Middle Ages +"From the information in: 'Zoey Patricia Bartlet is a fictional character played by Elisabeth Moss on the television serial drama ""The West Wing"". Zoey is the youngest of President Josiah Bartlet and Abbey Bartlet's three daughters, and is featured more prominently in the series than either of her sisters.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Zoey has twin sisters.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Zoey has twin sisters.,"{ contradiction } Zoey has two sisters, so they could be twins. The model might assume the statement means Zoey is a twin, which is unlikely [but not impossible] given she is 'youngest'." +" Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system, which had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector as described above. Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations. Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system? ",Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system?, shadow banking system +" Throughout the 18th century, the watchword of translators was ease of reading. Whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted. They cheerfully assumed that their own style of expression was the best, and that texts should be made to conform to it in translation. For scholarship they cared no more than had their predecessors, and they did not shrink from making translations from translations in third languages, or from languages that they hardly knew, or—as in the case of James Macpherson's ""translations"" of Ossian—from texts that were actually of the ""translator's"" own composition. How much did the translators care about scholarship? ",How much did the translators care about scholarship?, no more than had their predecessors +"Given the detailed context: 'Lofar is a Telugu film directed by Puri Jagannadh. It features Varun Tej and Disha Patani in the lead roles while Revathi and Posani Krishna Murali appear in crucial supporting roles. The film was officially launched on 8 July 2015 in Hyderabad. Earlier makers revealed the first look posters and trailer of the movie which received good response in the social media.', judge whether the statement: 'The film was written and directed before it was launched.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The film was written and directed before it was launched.,"{ neutral } The film would have had to have been written and directed before it was launched, or it would not have existed to be launched. The system does not seem to understand that concept." +" Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts. What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services? ",What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?, an honorary degree LL.D +" Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century. In what year did Louis die? ",In what year did Louis die?, 1382 +" Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status. How many governments are apart of federalism? ",How many governments are apart of federalism?, relationship of parity between the two levels of government +"With the premise: 'Spencer Chamberlain (born January 4, 1983) is an American musician, best known for being the current lead vocalist for the metalcore band Underoath. Before fronting Underoath, Chamberlain was the vocalist for the band This Runs Through in which his brother, Phil Chamberlain, was the drummer (who is also the drummer for To Speak of Wolves). He is currently the vocalist of Sleepwave.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Now his brother is in a different band' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Now his brother is in a different band,"{ neutral } Context states his brother is the dummer for ""To Speak of Wolves"" and then theres Chamberlain(main guy)-""He is currently the vocalist of Sleepwave"" 2 different bands. The AI was confused because it knows the brothers were in a band but I said now his brother is in a different band, which according the the context is correct." +" Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. Mary Wollstonecraft was one of England's earliest feminist philosophers. She argued for a society based on reason, and that women, as well as men, should be treated as rational beings. She is best known for her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791). In what year was Immanuel Kant born? ",In what year was Immanuel Kant born?, 1724 +"Given the premise: 'How to use social media to aid weight loss
Find a weight loss community. One of the biggest benefits that social media has for weight loss is that it helps build a sense of community support for users. You're connected with thousands of others who are also looking to lose weight.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Overweight people on social media are looking for a sense of community' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Overweight people on social media are looking for a sense of community,"{ entailment } The motivation for being on social media is not outlined in the statement. It is possible that people on social media could be looking for community, but social media has other uses such as entertainment (ie: youtube), therefore other possible motivations were difficult for the computer to process, the computer likely viewed it as correct because it mirrored the language in the statement." +"Consider the premise in: 'Gálveztown was the HMS ""West Florida"", which the Continental Navy schooner USS ""Morris"" captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. ""West Florida"" became the Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'USS ""Morris"" captured the Spanish governor at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","USS ""Morris"" captured the Spanish governor at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain.","{ neutral } Gálveztown was captured by USS ""Morris"" and not the Spanish governor. " +"From the facts presented in 'Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance is a 2006 book by Ian Buruma. ""The Guardian"" describes it as, ""part reportage, part essay."" It explores the impact of mass immigration from Muslim countries on Dutch culture through the lens of the murder of film director and anti-immigration activist, Theo van Gogh.' , decide if the statement: 'Theo van Gogh made documentary films.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Theo van Gogh made documentary films.,"{ contradiction } Theo van Gogh is a film director, but the text doesn't mention the kind of films he makes. The system might assume based on context that he makes documentaries." +"Given the context: 'Once With Feeling
After the band played the crowd clapped politely. The band leader thought that they could do better. He raised his baton and conducted the song once more. He gestured to the musicians to play better and with more feeling. At the end of the second play the crowd went wild.' , classify the statement: 'The crowd slammed their hands together at great speed' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The crowd slammed their hands together at great speed,{ neutral } system doesnt know definition of clapping +" Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others. What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts? ",What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?, cereus +" The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were now conducted in the vernacular instead of in Latin, previously used. During the Livonian War in 1561, northern Estonia submitted to Swedish control. In the 1560s two voivodeships of present-day southern Estonia, Dorpat Voivodeship (Tartu region) and Parnawa Voivodeship (Pärnu region), became the autonomous Duchy of Livonia within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under joint control of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy. In 1629, mainland Estonia came entirely under Swedish rule. Estonia was administratively divided between the provinces of Estonia in the north and Livonia in southern Estonia and northern Latvia. This division persisted until the early twentieth century. What parts of society did the Reformation change? ",What parts of society did the Reformation change?," Language, education, religion and politics " +"Analyze the premise: 'Close Friends
I once had a really close friend that I went to school with. We always looked out for each other. One day he moved off to school. I was sad that we would not see each other. Fortunately, I was able to buy a phone so we could talk everyday.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'They think their friendship is good.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They think their friendship is good.,{ neutral } They were sad they couldn't see them. +"Given the detailed context: 'How to help prevent epidemics from spreading
Wash your hands when preparing food or going to the bathroom. Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands with antibacterial soap and water for at least 20-40 seconds. Make sure you wash your hands before and after you prepare food as well as before and after you go to the bathroom to prevent the spread of germs.', judge whether the statement: 'Half a minute is a good duration for hand washing' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Half a minute is a good duration for hand washing,{ contradiction } The statement says that you should wash hands for 20-40 seconds. 30 seconds fits within that frame perfectly making my statement correct. The model might have been confused by the sentence structure. +" Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the ""National Party""), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the ""New Right"" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts. Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy? ",Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?, publicly +"Given the detailed context: 'The interest of the automotive industry increases and the first amplifier project, a four-channel output module for the German car manufacturer, Porsche, is finished.', judge whether the statement: 'the automotive industry is a smaller industry' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the automotive industry is a smaller industry,"{ contradiction } It depends on what you compare it to, it could be smaller or bigger than another industry" +"From the information in: 'The streets of New Hampton were relatively quiet on Saturday evening as New Hampton Police Officer Chad McGee patrolled the city.It wasn't a typical Saturday evening; after all, it was Christmas Eve.Still, McGee knew at any time he could be called.""I've done enough Christmases to know that things happen,"" he said. ""You have families together in close quarters, sometimes there's alcohol involved and yes, we've dealt with domestics ... even on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.""For the complete story see the 12/27/2016 New Hampton Tribune.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Some officers were not patrolling on Christmas.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Some officers were not patrolling on Christmas.,"{ entailment } The context says Chad McGee is patrolling, but doesn't say if any officers are not patrolling." + Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it. A BIOS chip is located where in a computer? ,A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?, the motherboard +" In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and ""brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people."" Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity. Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area. How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet? ","How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?", Famous earlier missionaries +" At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority. Ehud Barak, elected Prime Minister in 1999, began the new millennium by withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit. During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state. The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90% of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital, although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs, which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African ""bantustans"", a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators. Each side blamed the other for the failure of the talks. Who led Israel in the 1990s? ",Who led Israel in the 1990s?, Benjamin Netanyahu +" Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories. Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, and the Alps. Mainland Australia currently contains no glaciers, although a small glacier on Mount Kosciuszko was present in the last glacial period. In New Guinea, small, rapidly diminishing, glaciers are located on its highest summit massif of Puncak Jaya. Africa has glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains. Oceanic islands with glaciers occur on Iceland, Svalbard, New Zealand, Jan Mayen and the subantarctic islands of Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet. During glacial periods of the Quaternary, Taiwan, Hawaii on Mauna Kea and Tenerife also had large alpine glaciers, while the Faroe and Crozet Islands were completely glaciated. Which continent contains glaciers? ",Which continent contains glaciers?, every continent +" An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to include human speech and other applications requiring only 25% of the frequency reproduction possible with MPEG-1. While not an ISO recognized standard, MPEG-2.5 is widely supported by both inexpensive and brand name digital audio players as well as computer software based MP3 encoders and decoders. A sample rate comparison between MPEG-1, 2 and 2.5 is given further down. MPEG-2.5 was not developed by MPEG and was never approved as an international standard. MPEG-2.5 is thus an unofficial or proprietary extension to the MP3 format. The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what? ",The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what?, human speech +" A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the ""other Muslims"" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former. What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked? ",What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?, sayyids +" Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as ""The Great White Way"". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million. In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway? ","In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?", 11.57 million +" All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended. What about pay TV channels? ",What about pay TV channels?, programmes suspended +"Given the premise: 'Following a referendum on secession in a province the bill provides for the House of Commons to determine if a clear majority of the people in that province had clearly expressed a will to cease to be part of Canada, and it sets out factors to be considered in making its determination.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'the House of Commons creates bills in Canada' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",the House of Commons creates bills in Canada,{ entailment } doesnt state if they create bills or not +"From the facts presented in 'Tecmo Super NBA Basketball (テクモスーパーNBAバスケットボール ) is a basketball video game published by Tecmo for the Super NES. The game is the SNES equivalent of the original ""Tecmo NBA Basketball"". It also came out a year later (with updated rosters) for the Sega Genesis.' , decide if the statement: 'Tecmo Super NBA Basketball came out in 2018.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Tecmo Super NBA Basketball came out in 2018.,{ contradiction } They didn't list a year so there is no way to know what year it came out. +"Considering the context: '""Paul Revere"" is a song by American hip hop group Beastie Boys, released as the third single from their debut album ""Licensed to Ill"" (1986). It was written by Adam Horovitz, Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Rick Rubin. It was produced by Rick Rubin and the Beastie Boys. The song tells a fictional story of how the Beastie Boys met.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The album was produced by Rick Rubin.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The album was produced by Rick Rubin.,{ neutral } Licensed to Ill was produced by Rick Rubin along with the Beastie Boys. +" The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occurred from 1998–2000 and from 2000–2001. A reef restoration project has investigated reef restoration techniques; and researchers from Japan have investigated rebuilding the coral reefs through the introduction of foraminifera. The project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency is designed to increase the resilience of the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise through ecosystem rehabilitation and regeneration and through support for sand production. What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached? ",What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?, 80 per cent +"With the premise: 'The Blender
Laurel liked to make healthy smoothies. She would put lots of yummy things in a fancy blender. Once it was blended, she'd drink it all. She perfected her smoothie recipes over the summer. Soon, she had a whole notebook full of them.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Laurel placed all of her recipes in a notebook.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Laurel placed all of her recipes in a notebook.,{ entailment } It is unknown if she place all of the recipes or just some into her notebook. +" Mobbing can be an interspecies activity: it is common for birds to respond to mobbing calls of a different species. Many birds will show up at the sight of mobbing and watch and call, but not participate. It should also be noted that some species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack. Crows are frequently mobbed by smaller songbirds as they prey on eggs and young from these birds' nests, but these same crows will cooperate with smaller birds to drive away hawks or larger mammalian predators. On occasion, birds will mob animals that pose no threat. Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides? ","Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?", species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack +" Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. What year did Gadstone return to power? ",What year did Gadstone return to power?, 1892 +" In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. When was Vieira, a former president, deposed? ","When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?", 1999 +"Given the premise: 'Philippe von Stauffenberg, also known as ""PVS"", (born 1964) is a German businessman, residing in London, United Kingdom. He is the Managing Partner of Solidus Partners LLP, which he founded in 2004. Solidus Partners is a private equity firm, which makes investments in Media and Green Technologies.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Philippe was born on an even numbered year.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Philippe was born on an even numbered year.,{ contradiction } He was born in 1964. I'm not sure why the system missed this one. +"Given the premise: 'Benny Bell (born Benjamin Samberg or Benjamin Zamberg, March 21, 1906 – July 6, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter who reached popularity in the 1940s, with a comeback in the 1970s. He is particularly remembered for his risqué but cheerfully optimistic songs.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Benny was a nickname.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Benny was a nickname.,"{ contradiction } His birth name is Benjamin, but he was known as Benny which makes it a nickname" +"Examine the information in 'Fragaria × vescana is a hybrid strawberry cultivar that was created in an effort to combine the best traits of the garden strawberry (""Fragaria"" × ""ananassa""), which has large berries and vigorous plants, with the woodland strawberry (""Fragaria vesca""), which has an exquisite flavour, but small berries.' Is the statement: 'small berries and large berries make good hybrids' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",small berries and large berries make good hybrids,"{ entailment } Although this combination worked, we don't know if others will make good hybrids. The system was fooled since it believed all berries would make good hybrid" +"Consider the premise in: 'If toxic waste containg cyanide is not disposed of properly, it may drain into ponds, streams, sewers, and reservoirs.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There is usually cyanide in toxic waste.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",There is usually cyanide in toxic waste.,"{ entailment } The passage does not say whether there is usually Cyanide in toxic waste. It can be in it, but no way to know if it is usually in it. " +"Reflect on the information in: 'A Red Bull and a Colonel on a horse will come , but first , my father said , will come the two men making ready the ground for these matters .
That is how my father said they always did ; and it is always so when men work magic . '
If the woman had sent Kim up to the local Jadoo-Gher with those papers , he would , of course , have been taken over by the Provincial Lodge , and sent to the Masonic Orphanage in the Hills ; but what she had heard of magic she distrusted .' . Does the hypothesis: 'Kim learned magic at the Masonic Orphanage.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Kim learned magic at the Masonic Orphanage.,"{ neutral } Kim would have gone to the Masonic Orphanage if the woman has sent him with the papers, but she distrusted Magic, meaning he did not go. " +" Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali (Saini) and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota. Meenas were rulers of Bundi and the Dhundhar region. What is another way to refer to the PhulMali? ",What is another way to refer to the PhulMali?, Saini +"From the information in: 'Wrong Can
Tim was working on his car. He was drinking a soda. He had also used a can to catch some oil. Tim mistook the top cans. He spat out a lot of oil.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Tim drunk the oil mistakenly.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tim drunk the oil mistakenly.,{ contradiction } Tim used a can to catch some oil. He spat out a lot of oil after was drinking from this can because there was oil in the can. +" On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community. Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade? ",Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade?, United Nations +" 40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then crosses Broadway and runs between the campuses of Columbia University and Teacher's College. The street is interrupted by Morningside Park. It then continues east, eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park, passing by 58 West, the former residence of Maya Angelou. It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive. Who formerly lived at 58 West? ",Who formerly lived at 58 West?, Maya Angelou +"Given the premise: 'Stabiae was an ancient Roman town near the modern town of Castellammare di Stabia and approximately 4.5 km southwest of Pompeii, and which became famous for the magnificent Roman villas found there in recent times. The beautiful objects and frescoes taken from these villas were often sold and distributed, while many can be found in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The villas found near Castellammare di Stabia were built during ancient times.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The villas found near Castellammare di Stabia were built during ancient times.,"{ contradiction } It's clear from the description that the villas were ancient/Roman and not discovered til recently, but the inclusion of the modern town name in the prepositional phrase fooled the model." +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began on August 9, 2009, and ran until July 30, 2010, after a run of shows in Japan, and visited North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour was in support of the band's debut album.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The Deserve the Future Tour ran for 4 years.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The Deserve the Future Tour ran for 4 years.,{ neutral } The tour only ran for 11 months. +"Given the detailed context: 'Sophie Lang Goes West is a 1937 American crime film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Frederick Irving Anderson, Doris Anderson, Brian Marlow and Robert Wyler. The film stars Gertrude Michael, Lee Bowman, Sandra Storme, Buster Crabbe, Barlowe Borland, C. Henry Gordon and Jed Prouty. The film was released on September 10, 1937, by Paramount Pictures.', judge whether the statement: 'Gertrude Michael regrets turning down a starring role in Sophie Lang Goes West.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Gertrude Michael regrets turning down a starring role in Sophie Lang Goes West.,"{ neutral } According to the context, Gertrude Michael stars in Sophie Lang Goes West. Obviously, she did not turn down the role. " +" The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data connections. This type of staged make-break timing allows for electrically safe hot-swapping. What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal? ",What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?, This enclosure design +"Given the detailed context: 'The sale was made to pay Yukos' US$ 27.5 billion tax bill, Yuganskneftegaz was originally sold for US$ 9.4 billion to a little known company Baikalfinansgroup which was later bought by the Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft .', judge whether the statement: 'Yukos was a Russian company.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Yukos was a Russian company.,"{ entailment } The statement is in the correct category because the excerpt says that Rosneft was a Russian company, but does not say what country Yukos was from. The system may have had difficulty because the excerpt did not specify what Yukos is or where it was from." +" On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's ""modern and positive"" Conservatives in order to save Britain from ""disaster"" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election? ",Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?, David Cameron +" On July 19, 2013, West was leaving LAX as he was surrounded by dozens of paparazzi. West became increasingly agitated as a photographer, Daniel Ramos, continued to ask him why people were not allowed to speak in his presence. West then says, ""I told you don't talk to me, right? You trying to get me in trouble so I steal off on you and have to pay you like $250,000 and shit."" Then he allegedly charged the man and grabbed him and his camera. The incident captured by TMZ, took place for a few seconds before a female voice can be heard telling West to stop. West then released the man, and his camera, and drove away from the scene. Medics were later called to the scene on behalf of the photographer who was grabbed. It was reported West could be charged with felony attempted robbery behind the matter. However, the charges were reduced to misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft. In March 2014, West was sentenced to serve two years' probation for the misdemeanor battery conviction and required to attend 24 anger management sessions, perform 250 hours of community service and pay restitution to Ramos. What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013? ",What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013?, Daniel Ramos +" Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia. What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island? ",What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island?, Empress Catherine II of Russia +" The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: ""From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus was not the Christ.]"" Saint Peter of Antioch referred to Christians that refused to venerate religious images as having ""Jewish minds"". What religion were these Fathers of the Church? ",What religion were these Fathers of the Church?, Orthodox Christianity +" Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, ""In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."" What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point? ",What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?, chenchule' and inafa'maolek +" One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured ""to make information available to the greatest number of people."" As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular. Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica? ",Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica?, Sir Isaac Newton +"Given the context: 'Daniel ""Dee"" Snider (born March 15, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality, and actor. Snider came to prominence in the early 1980s as lead singer of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister. He was ranked 83 in the ""Hit Parader""'s Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time.' , classify the statement: 'Snider did not write songs for Twisted Sister' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Snider did not write songs for Twisted Sister,{ contradiction } The paragraph only mentions Snider being lead singer band Twisted Sister. So he may or may not have written songs for Twisted Sister as he was a songwriter too. +"Examine the information in 'The Hill Country Film Festival is a yearly film festival in Fredericksburg, Texas, United States. It was established in 2010. The executive director is Chad Matthews, and it is presented by the Hill Country Film Society, who hold free screenings at the festival and, afterward, monthly. In 2013, ""Texas Monthly"" selected it as a ""quirky, discerning"" pick.' Is the statement: 'The Hill Country Film Festival is held in the southern region of the United States.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",The Hill Country Film Festival is held in the southern region of the United States.,{ neutral } The text mentions the festival is held in Texas which is part of the southern United States. +"With the given context: 'The discography of Death, a metal band, consists of seven studio albums and four live albums. Death was an American metal band founded in 1983. The band's founder, Chuck Schuldiner, is considered ""a pioneering force in death metal and grindcore"". The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of brain cancer in 2001, though it remains an enduring metal brand.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Chuck Schuldiner died 19 years after the band was founded.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Chuck Schuldiner died 19 years after the band was founded.,{ entailment } he died 18 years after it was founded which makes it incorrect but the math was so close that the AI thought it was correct. +" On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery. What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission? ","What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?"," December 21, 1968 " +" Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden. How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony? ",How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?," leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary " +" Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferred prey. The prey in turn, are often equally suited to escape that predator. This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium. Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species. Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed] What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything? ",What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything?," humans, leopards, dogs and alligators " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Battle of Vauchamps (14 February 1814) was the final major engagement of the Six Days Campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition. It resulted in a part of the Grande Armée under Napoleon I defeating a superior Prussian and Russian force of the Army of Silesia under Field-marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The battle of Vauchamps was a Valentines Day, 1814 military engagement.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","The battle of Vauchamps was a Valentines Day, 1814 military engagement.",{ contradiction } February 14th is Valentines Day. The battle happened on that day. The AI does not know that Valentines day is on February 14th every year. +" The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect? ",Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?, ratified the treaty +" Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) due largely to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles. Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals ordinarily leads to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny. What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group? ",What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?, Cooperative breeding +"Analyze the premise: 'Oak Furniture Land is a privately owned British furniture retailer of fully assembled hardwood cabinetry furniture, sofas, beds and mattresses for bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, nurseries and small office/home offices. The company has 74 stores across the UK, and its headquarters in Swindon in Wiltshire, England.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Oak Furniture Land does not have headquarters in continental europe' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Oak Furniture Land does not have headquarters in continental europe,{ contradiction } Oak Furniture Land has its headquarters in the capital of the UK +"Given the context: 'The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Sgro, did nothing wrong and her staff had put her into a conflict of interest.' , classify the statement: 'The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Seguro, did nothing wrong.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Seguro, did nothing wrong.","{ entailment } Her name is Judy Sgro, not Judy Seguro. It's difficult because the names are similar enough to confuse the system." +"From the facts presented in 'Third WI-SA T20 abandoned KINGSTON: South Africa’s chances of making a comeback in the T20I series against Windies Women were dealt a severe blow when the third game of the series was abandoned without a ball being bowled. Torrential rain few hours before the game in Trinidad forced a delay to the start, but after the umpires conducted multiple inspections of the outfield post that, it was finally decided to call it off with the outfield remaining soggy. Windies Women now lead the series 2-0 after having won the first two games.' , decide if the statement: 'The owners inspected the field.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The owners inspected the field.,{ neutral } i changed a fact. This is what made it difficult. +" Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border. I-19 is the only Interstate highway that uses ""kilometer posts"" instead of ""mileposts"", although the speed limits are marked in miles per hour instead of kilometers per hour. Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers? ",Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?, miles +"Given the context: 'Colarusso, the Dover police captain, said authorities are interested in whether their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.' , classify the statement: 'Colarusso doesn't think it's likely their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Colarusso doesn't think it's likely their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.,{ contradiction } The passage said he was interested in knowing whether the suspect made the call. They didn't say whether they thought that he had or not... so there is no way to know for certain. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Target
Sarah cocked her gun and aimed. She pulled the trigger and the bullet hit her target. Sarah looked intently at the bullet holes. They were all far apart from the center. Sarah realized she needed more practice.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Sarah didn't kill anyone.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Sarah didn't kill anyone.,{ contradiction } It's not known if Sarah killed anyone. +"With the premise: 'Scarlet Days is a 1919 American silent western film produced and directed by D. W. Griffith and released through Paramount/Artcraft Pictures, Artcraft being an affiliate of Paramount. Richard Barthelmess stars in a role for which Griffith had screentested Rudolph Valentino. It is considered by many to be one of Griffith's worst films.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'People loved Scarlet Days' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",People loved Scarlet Days,{ neutral } It is considered by many to be one of Griffith's worst films +" Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe. In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January? ","In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January?", May and September +"Given the detailed context: 'How to convert pounds to kilograms
Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the "" lb "" in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.', judge whether the statement: 'Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the "" lb "" in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.. Kilos are lighter than pounds.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the "" lb "" in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.. Kilos are lighter than pounds.",{ neutral } Kilos are not lighter than pounds. +"Given the detailed context: 'Wilder Shores is the eighth studio album by vocalist Belinda Carlisle. Unlike her previous releases, which have largely been characterized as pop music, it consists of a series of Sikh chants performed by Carlisle in Gurmukhi. It is her first studio album in ten years, since the release of ""Voila"" (2007), a collection of chansons Carlisle performed in French.', judge whether the statement: 'Viola was a top selling album.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Viola was a top selling album.,{ contradiction } It is unknown if Viola was a top selling album. The system was confused by the facts in the narrative. +" A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development. What does avoidance of other groups reduce? ",What does avoidance of other groups reduce?, pathogen transmission +" The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest. What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers? ",What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?, New York's Finest +"Consider the premise in: 'Big Sky is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin and Madison counties in southwestern Montana. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,308. It is 45 mi southwest of Bozeman. This unincorporated community straddles the two counties, is not considered a town, and has no town government. The primary industry of the area is tourism.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Canadians don't go to visit' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Canadians don't go to visit,{ contradiction } It is unknown whether or not canadians go to visit it or not. I think the model was fooled because there is no way to know. +" The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial (""Grant's Tomb""); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement. The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state? ",The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state?, New Jersey +" Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in ""bunch of grapes"" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bacteria are often surrounded by a sheath that contains many individual cells. Certain types, such as species of the genus Nocardia, even form complex, branched filaments, similar in appearance to fungal mycelia. What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria? ",What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria?, diploids (pairs) +" Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized. He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers. As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual? ","As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual?", ritual of Christian baptism +" The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons. What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces? ",What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?, The Canadian constitution +" The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an ""elastic"" currency subject to ""substantial changes of quantity over short periods"", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins. Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s. When was the Federal Reserve established? ",When was the Federal Reserve established?, 1913 +"From the facts presented in 'The Wallace Park in Lisburn, Northern Ireland was bequeathed to the people of Lisburn by Sir Richard Wallace. It is a pleasant park with tree-lined walkways. There is a number of football pitches, tennis courts, a duck pond and a children's adventure play area. The grounds of Lisburn Cricket Club are in the centre of the park where Cecil Walker MBE is the groundman.' , decide if the statement: 'The Wallace Park is not intended for human use' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The Wallace Park is not intended for human use,{ neutral } It is intended for human use because there are sports and a children's play area +" The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier. What is the most viewed television network in France? ",What is the most viewed television network in France?, TF1 +" The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses. The roof was supported by beams from the inside. The rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which residents slept. Stilt-houses settlements were common in the Alpine and Pianura Padana (Terramare) region. Remains have been found at the Ljubljana Marshes in Slovenia and at the Mondsee and Attersee lakes in Upper Austria, for example. Where were entrances located in early homes? ",Where were entrances located in early homes?, Doorways were made on the roof +"Consider the premise in: 'Kyle Tonetti (born 8 October 1987) is a South Africa born former rugby union player, who represented Ireland at various international levels. He primarily played as a centre, though he also played at fly-half earlier in his career. He last played for Irish provincial team Connacht in the Pro12 before being forced to retire prematurely due to injury.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Rugby can be a dangerous sport.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Rugby can be a dangerous sport.,{ neutral } Kyle was injured. Rugby can be dangerous. +" Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. What is the used to achieve a practical effect? ",What is the used to achieve a practical effect?, Lighting or illumination +" The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية‎, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون‎, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, ""Sons of Umayya""), hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15 million km2 (5.79 million square miles), making it the largest empire (in terms of area - not in terms of population) the world had yet seen, and the fifth largest ever to exist. Who founded the Umayyad regime? ",Who founded the Umayyad regime?, Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan +" Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary. In what century did Old English cease to be used? ",In what century did Old English cease to be used?, 11th +" The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated ""Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy"". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed] Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes? ",Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?, Syria +"Examine the information in '""Inbetweener"" is a song by English Britpop band Sleeper, written by the band's vocalist and guitarist Louise Wener. It was the third single to be released from their debut album ""Smart"" in 1995 (see 1995 in British music). It was their breakthrough single,' Is the statement: 'Sleeper was a veteran britpop band by the time Inbetweener was released' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sleeper was a veteran britpop band by the time Inbetweener was released,{ neutral } It was from their first album. I think the system got it wrong because I used phrasing not in the context +" The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the ""Three Alls Policy"" (""Kill all, Burn all, Loot all"") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities (""points and lines""), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line. What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese? ",What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?, mountainous terrain +" Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge. The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations? ",The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?, Greek and Roman +" The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006. What regime were Hussein loyalists part of? ",What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?, Ba'ath +"Based on the details provided in: 'Ancud (] ) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982.' , determine if the claim: 'Ancud resides in the province of Los Lagos, in the region of Chiloé.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Ancud resides in the province of Los Lagos, in the region of Chiloé.","{ entailment } The statement is definitely incorrect because Ancud resides in the province of Chiloé, in the Los Lagos region. It was difficult for the system to determine this because only one pair of words were switched in the sentence." +" Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children. Who settled near the fort ",Who settled near the fort ," Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children " +" St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, ""that than which nothing greater can be conceived"". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: ""By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an eternal and infinite essence."" For Spinoza, the whole of the natural universe is made of one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature. His proof for the existence of God was a variation of the Ontological argument. Who defined god as ""that than which nothing greater can be conceived""? ","Who defined god as ""that than which nothing greater can be conceived""?", St. Anselm +"With the premise: 'What I'm saying is, is that as we promote life and promote a culture of life, surely there are ways we can work together to reduce the number of abortions: continue to promote adoption laws -- it's a great alternative to abortion -- continue to fund and promote maternity group homes; I will continue to promote abstinence programs.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Abortion and abstinence are different.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Abortion and abstinence are different.,{ contradiction } It's clearly stated in the paragraph that the two are different. +"From the information in: '""We're an American Band"" (from the album of the same name) became Grand Funk Railroad's first #1 single on September 29, 1973, Mark Farner's 25th birthday. Written by Don Brewer and produced by Todd Rundgren, its huge chart success broadened Grand Funk's appeal. It was sung by Brewer rather than Farner, who usually took lead vocals.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The song made the band much more popular' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The song made the band much more popular,"{ neutral } Context provides it was their 1st hit single and ""its huge chart success broadened Grand Funk's appeal"". My statement says that the song made the band much more popular, which should be viewed as correct. The AI got it wrong, maybe because I used the word popular." +" The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Eucharist. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass lose their natural substance by being transformed into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ. They disagreed with one another concerning the presence of Christ and his body and blood in Holy Communion. Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion? ",Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion?, Christ +" Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park. In what New York park can one find performances at no cost? ",In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?, Central Park +"Given the context: 'Phoebe Jane Fairgrave Omlie (November 21, 1902 – July 17, 1975) was an American aviation pioneer, particularly noted for her accomplishments as an early female aviator. Omlie was the first woman to receive an airplane mechanic's license, the first licensed female transport pilot, and the first woman to be appointed to a federal position in the aviation field.' , classify the statement: 'Phoebe Omlie died during the summertime.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Phoebe Omlie died during the summertime.,{ neutral } the system might not be able to relate July with summertime. +"Reflect on the information in: 'Menelik Watson (born December 22, 1988) is an English professional American football offensive tackle for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Menelik Watson went straight to the NFL from High School' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Menelik Watson went straight to the NFL from High School,{ neutral } It states that he played college football at Florida State +" Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population. What other languages are popular among American students? ",What other languages are popular among American students?," French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) " +"Based on the details provided in: 'Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Barak Goodman and produced by Ken Burns. The film, in three-episodes of two hours each, is based on the Pulitzer Prize winning 2010 book, """", by Siddhartha Mukherjee, and describes the history of cancer, and cancer treatments, particularly in the United States.' , determine if the claim: 'Siddhartha Mukherjee directed the documentary based on his book.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Siddhartha Mukherjee directed the documentary based on his book.,"{ neutral } Siddhartha Mukherjee is the author of the book, but it's clearly stated that the director of the documentary was Barak Goodman." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Wonder Woman is a never-aired television pilot produced by Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment for NBC, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. David E. Kelley wrote the pilot, which was directed by Jeffrey Reiner. Adrianne Palicki starred as the main character.' , determine if the claim: 'The pilot was popular' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The pilot was popular,"{ neutral } The pilot was not popular, otherwise it would have aired" +"Using the premise: 'David Wooster (March 13, 1711 [O.S. March 2, 1710] – May 2, 1777) was an American general who served in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War. He died of wounds sustained during the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Cities, schools, and public places were named after him. He has been called ""a largely forgotten hero of the Revolution.""' , decide if the conclusion: 'David Wooster died during the Indian War.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",David Wooster died during the Indian War.,{ entailment } the French and Indian war ended in 1763. David Wooster died in 1777. +" The primary circadian ""clock"" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains ""classical"" photoreceptors (""rods"" and ""cones""), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock. Where are these cell groups found in humans? ",Where are these cell groups found in humans?, hypothalamus +"From the information in: 'How to address an archbishop
Greet an archbishop formally by saying "" your excellency. "" when you approach an archbishop, it's best to give them a formal salutation. Both "" your excellency "" and "" your grace "" are acceptable and highly respectful greetings.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: '"" Your excellency "" and "" your grace "" are suitable greetings for a bishop, too.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",""" Your excellency "" and "" your grace "" are suitable greetings for a bishop, too.","{ entailment } The text only mentions greetings for an archbishop, so it's unclear if they apply to a bishop." +"With the premise: 'Pain Killer is the sixth studio album by American country music group Little Big Town. It was released on October 21, 2014, through Capitol Nashville. Little Big Town co-wrote eight of the album's thirteen tracks. ""Pain Killer"" was produced by Jay Joyce.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Little Big Town is a group of musicians.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Little Big Town is a group of musicians.,"{ neutral } Little Big Town is a country music group, so it is safe to assume they are musicians. The system may have mistook Little Big Town as some other kind of group." +"Using the premise: 'MADRID, July 4 Nationalised Spanish lender Bankia and Barcelona-based peer Caixabank have mandated investment bank JP Morgan to explore the sale of more than 30 percent of olive oil company Deoleo, two sources close to the deal told Reuters on Thursday. (Reporting by Carlos Ruano and Jesus Aguado; Writing by Clare Kane; Editing by Sonya Dowsett)' , decide if the conclusion: 'Caixabank contains a zzz' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Caixabank contains a zzz,{ entailment } Not in the name +"With the given context: 'Separation is a 2013 Canadian thriller film directed by Greg White and his feature film directorial debut. The film was released on video on demand on April 15, 2013 and stars Sarah Manninen and Peter Stebbings as a married couple struggling to save their lives as well as their marriage.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Separation is Greg White's third feature film in Canada.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Separation is Greg White's third feature film in Canada.,"{ neutral } It is Greg White's first directorial feature film, so that is why the system is probably confused. I might have messed up. My statement might be a neither. I apologize. First time...I will do better. I promise." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Hudson County saw 25 people lose their lives last year in homicides. Still one of the lowest amounts in years. A building owned and managed by the Jersey City Housing Authority has been experiencing heat problems amid a cold weather snap. In Sports, St. Benedict's stuns top Hudson Catholic in boys basketball.' . Does the hypothesis: 'More than two dozen people were killed in Hudson County last year' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",More than two dozen people were killed in Hudson County last year,{ contradiction } 25 is more than two dozen. I think the system had difficulty because I used an unfamiliar phrase + In 2011 the National Archives initiated a Wikiproject on the English Wikipedia to expand collaboration in making its holdings widely available through Wikimedia. Which language was the Wikiproject primarily created in? ,Which language was the Wikiproject primarily created in?, English +"From the information in: 'During the 2011–12 season AFC Ajax participated in the Dutch Eredivisie, the KNVB Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The first training took place on 27 June 2011. The traditional AFC Ajax Open Day will be held on 3 August 2011, followed by a testimonial match for the retired former Ajax goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The AFC Ajax Open Day will be held in August.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The AFC Ajax Open Day will be held in August.,{ contradiction } Context sates AFC Ajax Open Day to be held on August 3rd. +" Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers, can depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle. The depression usually totals a third of the ice sheet or glacier's thickness. After the ice sheet or glacier melts, the mantle begins to flow back to its original position, pushing the crust back up. This post-glacial rebound, which proceeds very slowly after the melting of the ice sheet or glacier, is currently occurring in measurable amounts in Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America. What has the ability to depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle? ",What has the ability to depress the crust of the Earth into the mantle?," Large masses, such as ice sheets or glaciers " +" The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures. The panels of naos are only capped in importance by which other location? ",The panels of naos are only capped in importance by which other location?, the Hagia Sophia +" Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information). How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking? ","How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?", extremely +" Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations annual conclaves. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state. What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002? ",What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002?, A River Runs Through It +" Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning ""remove previously-typed input character"", and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. Most other systems used BS for that meaning and used DEL to mean ""remove the character at the cursor"".[citation needed] That latter interpretation is the most common now.[citation needed] What interpretation became common in Unix systmes? ",What interpretation became common in Unix systmes?," interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning ""remove previously-typed input character"" " +" Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality. What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called? ","What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?", Atlas +" Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% self-identified with no organized religious affiliation. What is the third most popular faith in New York City? ",What is the third most popular faith in New York City?, Islam +" Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions. Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST? ",Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?, negative DST +" With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships, which are able to deploy squadrons of F-35Bs. The first of this class, USS America, is now in active service with another, USS Tripoli, under construction and 9 more are planned. How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07? ",How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?, one every four years +"Analyze the premise: 'U.S. Highway 61/190 Business (BUS US 61/190, officially 61-X) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves East Baton Rouge Parish. It spans 10.89 mi in a southeast to northwest direction and it is bannered as Business 61/190, with no directional shields. It generally follows the 1940s-1950s alignment of US 61/190 through Baton Rouge.' . Classify the hypothesis: '61-X was built before the 1940s.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",61-X was built before the 1940s.,{ contradiction } We don't have enough information from the context to determine when the highway was built. +" A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing. In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept? ",In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?, Manuscript Division +"With the premise: 'KUCHING: Police have arrested a 30-year-old barber for the suspected rape of a 15-year-old girl here. Kuching Police chief ACP Ng Ah Lek said today the police made the arrest after getting a report from the Sarawak General Hospital that a girl had been raped and was suffering from a sexually transmitted disease. ""It is learned that the girl was raped several times by the barber at the shop where he worked,"" he said in a statement. — Bernama' , decide if the hypothesis: 'A man was arrested for raping a girl half his age.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",A man was arrested for raping a girl half his age.,"{ contradiction } She was half his age, so this is true." +" When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, ""The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."" Who spoke on this violation? ",Who spoke on this violation?, National Rifle Association (NRA) +"Given the context: 'Peter R. Arnott (born 1932) is an American composer, theatre director and banjo player. Arnott is a member of the Bohemian Club and has been closely involved with a number of Grove Plays. Arnott is a founding member and banjo player for the Goodtime Washboard Three.' , classify the statement: 'Peter R. Arnott has set foot in a theatre at least once in his life' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Peter R. Arnott has set foot in a theatre at least once in his life,{ neutral } he was a theatre director so he must have been in a theatre atleast once +"Consider the premise in: 'New York Private Bank & Trust Corporation is a bank holding company headquartered in New York City, United States. Howard Milstein is the Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer. As of early 2007, it had $17.3 billion in assets and was the 50th largest bank holding company in the United States. The company has over 1211 employees.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'New York Private Bank & Trust Corporation is headquartered in the same city as the Empire State Building.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",New York Private Bank & Trust Corporation is headquartered in the same city as the Empire State Building.,{ neutral } The Empire State Building is in NYC. So is the bank. +" In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the ""Big Three"" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized. In what year did SME merge with another company? ",In what year did SME merge with another company?, 2004 +"Reflect on the information in: 'Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment). Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Tomato sauce is only rarely used to top pasta.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Tomato sauce is only rarely used to top pasta.,{ entailment } Salsa di pomodoro is made of peppers. +"From the information in: 'Junoon (Hindi: जुनून, translation: ""The Obsession"") is a 1978 Indian Hindi language film produced by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Shyam Benegal. The film is based on Ruskin Bond's fictional novella, ""A Flight of Pigeons"", set around the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The film's soundtrac was composed by Vanraj Bhatia, and cinematography by Govind Nihalani.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Junoon played in theaters.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Junoon played in theaters.,{ entailment } Not all films play in theaters. Some go straight to TV or they go on DVD. The passage does not mention a theatrical release. There is no way to know for sure. +"From the facts presented in 'Callin' All Dogs is a 1995 album by Louisville, Kentucky rock band Bodeco. This, the rockabilly band's second album, made a considerable impact on the Louisville music scene, finding a place at #80 on WFPK's ""top 1000 best albums ever"". ""Trouser Press"" asserted that the album reinforced ""Bodeco's simple genius by turning up the slop right from the get-go"".' , decide if the statement: 'An album released in 1995 reached a place above #100, but not as high as #50, on the 'top 1000 best albums ever' list of a radio station.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ","An album released in 1995 reached a place above #100, but not as high as #50, on the 'top 1000 best albums ever' list of a radio station.",{ neutral } I added two statements that require verification about the subject in question which seems to lower the system likelihood of viewing the statement as correct. +"With the premise: 'Lucky You is a 2007 American drama film directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eric Bana, Drew Barrymore and Robert Duvall. The film was shot on location in Las Vegas. The screenplay was by Hanson and Eric Roth, but the film was partially inspired by George Stevens' 1970 film ""The Only Game in Town"".' , decide if the hypothesis: 'George Stevens wrote the film Lucky You.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",George Stevens wrote the film Lucky You.,{ entailment } The statement is definitely incorrect because the film was only inspired by George Stevens but was by Hanson and Eric Roth. +" The 1910 election saw 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons, a significant victory since, a year before the election, the House of Lords had passed the Osborne judgment ruling that Trades Unions in the United Kingdom could no longer donate money to fund the election campaigns and wages of Labour MPs. The governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation. The height of Liberal compromise was to introduce a wage for Members of Parliament to remove the need to involve the Trade Unions. By 1913, faced with the opposition of the largest Trades Unions, the Liberal government passed the Trade Disputes Act to allow Trade Unions to fund Labour MPs once more. How many MP were elected in the 1910 election? ",How many MP were elected in the 1910 election?, 42 +"From the facts presented in 'Jim Millnder is a retired American soccer player and coach who played professionally in the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League, American Soccer League and United Soccer League. He coached collegiate soccer for twenty-nine years.' , decide if the statement: 'Millnder played college soccer.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Millnder played college soccer.,{ entailment } It is unknown if Millnder played college soccer. The system was confused by the context. +"Given the premise: 'Mosiula Mea'alofa ""Lofa"" Tatupu (born November 15, 1982) is a former American football linebacker who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was an assistant linebackers coach with the Seattle Seahawks. He played college football for the University of Southern California (USC). Tatupu was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Mosiula Mea'alofa ""Lofa"" Tatupu debuted his professional football career with the Seahawks' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","Mosiula Mea'alofa ""Lofa"" Tatupu debuted his professional football career with the Seahawks",{ neutral } Yes he got drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in 2005 right out of college. +"Given the context: 'How to get a bank account
Choose a banking institution. Perhaps the most important step in opening an account is deciding which bank to do business with. Compare several banks in your area using criteria that are important to you, such as the branch hours and the availability of atms.' , classify the statement: 'Choose the right bank by looking at a few.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Choose the right bank by looking at a few.,{ neutral } You should compare banks. +" Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice, Italy. There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.[citation needed] What is the Armenian Quarter? ",What is the Armenian Quarter?, one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem +"Using the premise: '× A Tribute to New Year’s Day Good Fortune Traditions Dave Hoekstra, along with Chicago songstress and comedian Molly McGown, welcome Chef Catherine Lambrecht of Greater Midwest Foodways, Charla Draper (formerly of Ebony magazine), and Author Donna Pierce into the studio as they pay tribute to the New Year’s Day Good Fortune Tradition of Black Eyed Peas. The women discuss the history of the black eyed peas and how they grew to become a believed staple of good fortune; other traditions that are believed to bring good luck; and much more.' , decide if the conclusion: 'All of the people listened to the Black Eyed Peas Group but were not fond of them' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",All of the people listened to the Black Eyed Peas Group but were not fond of them,"{ neutral } the passage lends itself to most people loving the group, not sure what the confusion for the AI was, I guess using most of the same wording but having an opposite response" +"Based on the details provided in: 'Mount Torrens is a town in the eastern Adelaide Hills region of South Australia, 46 kilometres east-north-east of the state capital, Adelaide and 8 km east of Lobethal along the Onkaparinga River. It is located in the Adelaide Hills Council local government area. At the 2006 census, Mount Torrens had a population of 337.' , determine if the claim: 'Mount Torrens is less than 10km away from running water.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mount Torrens is less than 10km away from running water.,{ neutral } Mount Torrens is 8 km east of Lobethal along the Onkaparinga River which is less than 10km away from running water. The system failed to understand that a river has running water. +" Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks ""lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen"". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners. How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans? ",How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?, Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture +" Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and ""architecture"" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft. What was building considered? ",What was building considered?, a craft +"From the facts presented in 'Judy Tegart Dalton (née Tegart; born 12 December 1937) is a retired professional tennis player from Australia who won nine Grand Slam doubles titles. She won at least one women's doubles title at each Grand Slam tournament, a ""career Grand Slam"". Five of her doubles titles were with Margaret Court. Tegart was the runner-up in 10 Grand Slam doubles tournaments.' , decide if the statement: 'Judy Tegart Dalton won more than nine Grand Slam doubles titles.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Judy Tegart Dalton won more than nine Grand Slam doubles titles.,"{ neutral } This is definitely incorrect because they had only won 9 and didn't win more. I think the system may have gotten confused when I put the word nine in there, indicating maybe the context didn't say all of the information." +" Although Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. ""The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowledge of God."" Religion, for the most part, determines the significance and importance of each science. As İnalcık mentions: ""Those which aid religion are good and sciences like astrology are bad."" However, even though mathematics, or studies in logic were part of the madrasa's curriculum, they were all centred around religion. Even mathematics had a religious impulse behind its teachings. ""The Ulema of the Ottoman medreses held the view that hostility to logic and mathematics was futile since these accustomed the mind to correct thinking and thus helped to reveal divine truths"" – key word being ""divine"". İnalcık also mentions that even philosophy was only allowed to be studied so that it helped to confirm the doctrines of Islam."" Hence, madaris – schools were basically religious centres for religious teachings and learning in the Ottoman world. Although scholars such as Goffman have argued that the Ottomans were highly tolerant and lived in a pluralistic society, it seems that schools that were the main centres for learning were in fact heftily religious and were not religiously pluralistic, but centred around Islam. Similarly, in Europe ""Jewish children learned the Hebrew letters and texts of basic prayers at home, and then attended a school organised by the synagogue to study the Torah."" Wiesner-Hanks also says that Protestants also wanted to teach ""proper religious values."" This shows that in the early modern period, Ottomans and Europeans were similar in their ideas about how schools should be managed and what they should be primarily focused on. Thus, Ottoman madaris were very similar to present day schools in the sense that they offered a wide range of studies; however, these studies, in their ultimate objective, aimed to further solidify and consolidate Islamic practices and theories. What religion was at the center of education in the Ottoman Empire? ",What religion was at the center of education in the Ottoman Empire?, Islam +" The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York? ","In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York?"," 200,000 " +"Considering the context: 'A convicted felon is behind bars after police found a loaded weapon on him in southeast Fresno.Officers arrested 22-year-old Kevin Pech in the area of California and Cedar Avenues.Police found a loaded handgun in his pants.Pech is booked into the Fresno County Jail for a number of weapons charges.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Pech will serve his time in Fresno County Jail.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Pech will serve his time in Fresno County Jail.,"{ entailment } Pech is booked into the Fresno County Jail, but once he stands trial he could serve his time in prison. The model may not understand the criminal justice system." +"With the premise: 'Julio César Chávez Jr. vs. Sebastian Zbik was a Middleweight championship fight for the WBC Middleweight Championship. It has been the first time that the son of legendary boxing Champion Julio César Chávez, fought for a world title, Chávez went on to become the new WBC Middleweight Champion. The bout was on June 4th, 2011, at Staples Center, in Los Angeles, California and was broadcast on HBO.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The father of Julio Cesar Chaves won a boxing championship in 2011.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The father of Julio Cesar Chaves won a boxing championship in 2011.,{ entailment } The statement is incorrect because the son won the championship in 2011. The system did not pick up on the familial relationship nor the lack of Jr. in the name. +"From the facts presented in 'How to respond when your car's battery light goes on
Resist the urge to panic. When your battery light comes on, it sometimes results in a very simple solution. Look at your gauges.' , decide if the statement: 'sometimes car lights come on' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",sometimes car lights come on,"{ neutral } The author is insinuating that car lights sometimes come on for smaller reasons, which intuitively means they sometimes come on in general" +"With the premise: 'Bridge Mountain is a mountain located in the Spring Mountain range of southern Nevada. It is located on land managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management as the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, part of the Rainbow Mountain Wilderness. Bridge Mountain is named for the natural feature of a bridge-like natural arch of sandstone near the summit.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'There are no roads that goes from Hawaii to Bridge Mountain.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",There are no roads that goes from Hawaii to Bridge Mountain.,"{ neutral } Bridge Mountain is located in Nevada, which is par of the continental US. Hawaii is an island in the Pacific. There are no bridges between Hawaii and the continental US. Therefore here are no roads that goes from Hawaii to Bridge Mountain. It fooled the system because it did not know the implication of something located in Nevada and Hawaii. " +" In January 2010, YouTube launched an experimental version of the site that used the built-in multimedia capabilities of web browsers supporting the HTML5 standard. This allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player or any other plug-in to be installed. The YouTube site had a page that allowed supported browsers to opt into the HTML5 trial. Only browsers that supported HTML5 Video using the H.264 or WebM formats could play the videos, and not all videos on the site were available. What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5? ",What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5?, allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player +"Considering the context: 'I do, I do. The Persian Gulf, obviously. And Bosnia. And you have already talked about Kosovo. But the reverse side of the question, Governor, that Vice President Gore mentioned, 600,000 people died in Rwanda in 1994. There was no U.S. intervention, no intervention from the outside world. Was that a mistake not to intervene?' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The was no U.S. intervention in the Persian Gulf in 1994.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The was no U.S. intervention in the Persian Gulf in 1994.,{ entailment } Interventions are mentioned in the context but the system does not know if that was why the Persian Gulf was mentioned. +" In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with ""social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention"" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because ""its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise"". Which type of government was more favorable than others according to Hayek? ",Which type of government was more favorable than others according to Hayek?, limited democracy +"Given the premise: 'In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that local inertial frames are determined by the large scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Mach's principle was a name given by a physicist who has been largely fogotten' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Mach's principle was a name given by a physicist who has been largely fogotten,{ neutral } does not recognize that einstein is a famous physicist +" The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters. What specifically prompted this merger? ",What specifically prompted this merger?, the 2012 federal budget +" The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum. The winner also receives a management contract with which company? ",The winner also receives a management contract with which company?, 19 Management +"From the facts presented in 'Shadowgun Legends is an upcoming first-person shooter video game developed and published by Madfinger Games for Android and iOS devices. It is the 3rd primary installment of the Shadowgun series, a sequel to the original Shadowgun and Shadowgun Deadzone, both being multiple award-winning games from 2011 and 2012 respectively.' , decide if the statement: 'The game will be available on the two most popular operating systems' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The game will be available on the two most popular operating systems,{ neutral } It states that it will be available on Ios and Android which are the two most popular operating systems for mobile devices +"Given the detailed context: 'Eric Black is an American journalist. He was a longtime reporter for the Minnesota Star Tribune newspaper, and has also been a Twin Cities blogger. He is a columnist for online newspaper MinnPost, primarily writing about politics and the historical background of current issues.', judge whether the statement: 'He was a longtime Twin Cities blogger.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",He was a longtime Twin Cities blogger.,{ entailment } It doesn't say how long he was a Twin Cities blogger +" Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults. Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills? ","Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills?", read fluently and frequently +" In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about ""a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension"", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a ""time element"" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan. Who took over directing 'Interstellar'? ",Who took over directing 'Interstellar'?, Christopher Nolan +"From the facts presented in 'How to do stage lighting
Know your performance genre and the simple principles behind lighting that genre. A standard play has lots of dialogue. An audiences ability to understand dialogue is directly linked with their visual connection with the speakers face.' , decide if the statement: 'A standard play has at least two performers.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",A standard play has at least two performers.,{ entailment } The prompt only mentions that a standard play has dialogue but does not mention whether a standard play features one or many performers. +" In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a ""ridiculous waste of time."" Where was John Edwards a senator? ",Where was John Edwards a senator?, North Carolina +"Given the context: 'Sammy Jo Carrington (born Samantha Josephine Dean; formerly Fallmont) is a fictional character on the ABC television series ""Dynasty"", created by Richard and Esther Shapiro. The niece of central protagonist Krystle Carrington (Linda Evans), Sammy Jo marries and has a son with Steven Carrington (Al Corley, later Jack Coleman).' , classify the statement: 'Sammy Jo Carrington was a mother.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Sammy Jo Carrington was a mother.,"{ neutral } It's definitely correct because she was the niece of someone, so we know she is female, and she had a son with someone, so she must have been a mother. I think the system is unable to understand these types of real world relationships, so it couldn't answer it correctly." +" Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was ""often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties"". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon Reynolds described the period as ""a fair match for the sixties in terms of the sheer amount of great music created, the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it, and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era"". Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period ""was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song"". What were the post-punk era artists more interested in doing to their audiences than in entertaining them with pop songs? ",What were the post-punk era artists more interested in doing to their audiences than in entertaining them with pop songs?, disturbing +" Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions. from databases before the inception of Structured Query Language (SQL). The data recovered was disparate, redundant and disorderly, since there was no proper method to fetch it and arrange it in a concrete structure.[citation needed] What do most database applications contain? ",What do most database applications contain?, DBMSs +"Given the detailed context: 'Baffled by this fresh obstacle , the remainder of the cavalry fell back ; and as , at the sight of this movement , the flight of arrows redoubled from the casements of the houses , their retreat had , for a moment , almost degenerated into flight .
Almost at the same time , those who had crossed the barricade and charged farther up the street , being met before the door of the Chequers by the formidable hunchback and the whole reserve of the Yorkists , began to come scattering backward , in the excess of disarray and terror .', judge whether the statement: 'The main topic of this text is politics.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The main topic of this text is politics.,"{ neutral } The main topic is about a battle, not about politics. It's difficult because it asks a high-level broad question about the content of the entire text." +" The Bohr magneton and the nuclear magneton are units which are used to describe the magnetic properties of the electron and atomic nuclei respectively. The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment which would be expected for an electron if it behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics. It is defined in terms of the reduced Planck constant, the elementary charge and the electron mass, all of which depend on the Planck constant: the final dependence on h1/2 (r2 > 0.995) can be found by expanding the variables. What is the unit of magentic properties of the electron? ",What is the unit of magentic properties of the electron?, Bohr magneton +" In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway. Many of these forced laborers died of exhaustion, illness, or the poor conditions which claimed between 20% and 25% of the 127,000 workers. Where was Equatorial African ran from? ",Where was Equatorial African ran from?, Brazzaville +"From the facts presented in 'hard work
Carl had been hired to work at a local factory. It was very hot with temperatures typically over one hundred degrees. Carl hated the job and wanted to quit. However, he had to stick with it to pay the bills. Eventually, Carl got use to job and learned to enjoy it.' , decide if the statement: 'Carl has to pay one hundred bills.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Carl has to pay one hundred bills.,{ entailment } The context doesn't say the number of bills Carl has to pay. +"From the information in: 'Tothill Fields Bridewell (also known as Tothill Fields Prison and Westminster Bridewell) was a prison located in the Westminster area of central London between 1618 and 1884. It was named 'Bridewell' after the Bridewell Palace, which during the 16th century had become one of the City of London's most important prisons. Tothill Fields later became the Westminster House of Correction.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Tothill Fields Bridewell (also known as Tothill Fields Prison and Westminster Bridewell) became the Westminster House of Correction in 1884.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Tothill Fields Bridewell (also known as Tothill Fields Prison and Westminster Bridewell) became the Westminster House of Correction in 1884.,"{ entailment } The context does not state when Tothill Fields Bridewell became the Westminster House of Corrections, therefore it is neither true or false. " +"Given the context: 'The Invisible Woman (Susan ""Sue"" Storm-Richards), previously known as the Invisible Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a founding member of the Fantastic Four and was the first female superhero created by Marvel during the Silver Age of Comics.' , classify the statement: 'The Invisible Girl is the same person as the Invisible Woman.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Invisible Girl is the same person as the Invisible Woman.,"{ contradiction } The Invisible Woman was ""previously known as the Invisible Girl"", so both refer to the same person. Perhaps the system doesn't recognize ""known as"" to mean ""equals""." +"Consider the premise in: 'North High Bridge Park is a 0.85 acre city park located on the east bank bluffs above the Mississippi River in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The park is adjacent to the High Bridge and was created when the new High Bridge was finished in 1987. The park includes gardens, sculptures and an overlook of the Mississippi River.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The new High Bridge was finished during Ronald Regan's presidency.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The new High Bridge was finished during Ronald Regan's presidency.,{ neutral } The new High Bridge was finished in 1987. Ronald Reagan was president from 1981-1989 +" Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建鄴) shortly thereafter. Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital? ",Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?, Liu Bei +" At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968. What is the primary language spoken by the people in Swaziland? ",What is the primary language spoken by the people in Swaziland?, siSwati +" The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region. Even after five years, how many graduates remain in Houston? ","Even after five years, how many graduates remain in Houston?", 80.5% +"Analyze the premise: 'In a game ripe with controversy, Manchester United walked away with a crucial away win after a Ryan Giggs free kick gave them the lead. Lille protested the goal, saying the team was setting up its wall at the time Giggs took the kick, and the team nearly left the pitch. After goading by officials, the game was resumed, but Lille said it would be making a stake for a replay with UEFA. UEFA has rejected the claim and declared the goal valid, as well as deciding to ""instigate proceedings against Lille for the improper behaviour of their players immediately after the goal.""' . Classify the hypothesis: 'People were upset by the outcome of the game.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",People were upset by the outcome of the game.,"{ neutral } Lille protested the goal and made a stake for a replay, so it is safe to assume they were unhappy with the outcome of the game. I'm not sure why the system missed this one." +" Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial pretensions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath (Hindi: ""Path of the People""), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. 19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: ""Path of Peace""), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India. What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi? ",What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi?, Edwin Lutyens +"Given the premise: 'July 28 (Reuters) - Seven Walmart stores in Missouri were evacuated after receiving bomb threats but no explosives were found, a Walmart spokesman said on Saturday. The threats were called in late on Friday to stores in Raytown, Gladstone, Jefferson City, Nixa, St. Peters and Ozark, spokesman Dan Fogleman said. The retailer is working with police to find those responsible, Fogleman said. No explosives were found and no injuries were reported.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Seven Walmart stores in Missouri received telephone calls warning them of bombs planted at their work place' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Seven Walmart stores in Missouri received telephone calls warning them of bombs planted at their work place,"{ entailment } It says in the context the seven walmarts received bomb threats, but it does not say how they received the bomb threats. So the Statement "" seven walmart stores received telephone calls warning them of bombs"" is neither definitely correct, nor definitely incorrect." +" Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, Games Radar, GameSpy, Spacey Awards, X-Play and Nintendo Power. It was also given awards for Best Adventure Game from the Game Critics Awards, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailers, 1UP.com, and Nintendo Power. The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy. The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time. IGN ranked the game as the 4th-best Wii game. Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade. What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console? ",What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console?, 4th +"Based on the details provided in: 'A Força do Querer (English: Edge of Desire) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and aired by Rede Globo. It is created by Glória Perez, and directed by Rogério Gomes and Pedro Vasconcelos. It premiered on 3 April 2017, replacing ""A Lei do Amor"" at the traditional 9 pm timeslot.' , determine if the claim: 'The telenovela Edge of Desire was made to replace A Lei do Amor.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The telenovela Edge of Desire was made to replace A Lei do Amor.,"{ entailment } The telenovela replaced A Lei do Amor in its timeslot, but the passage does not say whether or not it was created to replace A Lei do Amor. The system likely was confused by the context of one replacing the other." +" Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of ""place of a skull"", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why it was so designated, but several theories have been put forward. One is that as a place of public execution, Calvary may have been strewn with the skulls of abandoned victims (which would be contrary to Jewish burial traditions, but not Roman). Another is that Calvary is named after a nearby cemetery (which is consistent with both of the proposed modern sites). A third is that the name was derived from the physical contour, which would be more consistent with the singular use of the word, i.e., the place of ""a skull"". While often referred to as ""Mount Calvary"", it was more likely a small hill or rocky knoll. What is a reason the place was called Calvary? ",What is a reason the place was called Calvary?, the name was derived from the physical contour +" The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in Wenchuan, a student proposed a landing spot online and it was chosen as the first touchdown place for the helicopters[not in citation given]. Volunteers also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims and evacuees. On May 31, a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crashed in fog and turbulence in Wenchuan county. No-one survived. What was extensively used to pass information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? ",What was extensively used to pass information to aid rescue and recovery efforts?, The Internet +" Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being ""under the influence."" Stone disclosed in his book ""Where's Harry"" that most of this ""arguing"" was staged, and usually a ploy developed by Harry himself to add flavor to the broadcast. The Cubs still have a ""guest conductor"", usually a celebrity, lead the crowd in singing ""Take me out to the ballgame"" during the 7th inning stretch to honor Caray's memory. Who did Caray often playfully quarrel with? ",Who did Caray often playfully quarrel with?, Stone +"Based on the details provided in: 'They have to give labour concessions and more wage cuts and more benefit cuts in order to compete through the government's turning around and giving millions of dollars to another country to compete with ours, and not just a country with a good record, a country that has some of the worst human rights records in history.' , determine if the claim: 'the country our government gave money to does not have a good record at all' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the country our government gave money to does not have a good record at all,{ contradiction } this statement is definitely correct because the text says the country our country gave money to has a bad record +"Consider the premise in: 'How to prepare filter coffee
Fill the machine with water. Most coffee makers will have a water reservoir which you'll need to fill before brewing. Only pour in as much water as you'd like to brew, since the machine will continue to brew until the reservoir is empty.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The water has to be filled fully' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The water has to be filled fully,"{ entailment } It says to only fill as much as you want, which the computer probably thought that it meant all water" +"With the given context: 'It should be a rainy morning in Ottawa-Gatineau — and a potentially snowy afternoon. Environment Canada says the rain should change to snow this morning as the temperature falls to around –1 C. Those flurries should end Monday evening, but it'll be cold and windy overnight with the low hitting –9 C. A wind chill making it feel like -16 will kick in and last through Tuesday. Tomorrow's forecast calls for sunshine and a daytime high of around –5 C. Follow along with the latest on Twitter.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Tomorrow will be cold with daytime high of –5 C, but at least it won't be snowing or raining.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Tomorrow will be cold with daytime high of –5 C, but at least it won't be snowing or raining.","{ neutral } Based on the text ""tomorrow's forecast calls for sunshine and a daytime high of around –5 C"", which makes the statement definitely correct. I think the last part of the statement confused the system, because other parts of the text are about raining and snowing." +"From the facts presented in 'Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,861. Its county seat and only incorporated city is Celina. Clay County is named in honor of American statesman Henry Clay, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century. Its current mayor is Dale Reagan.' , decide if the statement: 'The city of Celina has a population of 861.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The city of Celina has a population of 861.,"{ contradiction } The statement never mentioned the population of Celina itself. The machine was fooled because it confused the 861 number with the 7,861 population of Clay county." +" Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-with-dualist (bhedābheda) perspectives. Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought— Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism). How many major schools of Shaivism did Vidyaranya mention? ",How many major schools of Shaivism did Vidyaranya mention?, three +" Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first engagement following the declaration of war. The Russians counterattacked, but were beaten back. On 31 December 1853, the Ottoman forces at Calafat moved against the Russian force at Chetatea or Cetate, a small village nine miles north of Calafat, and engaged them on 6 January 1854. The battle began when the Russians made a move to recapture Calafat. Most of the heavy fighting, however, took place in and around Chetatea until the Russians were driven out of the village. Despite the setback at Chetatea, on 28 January 1854, Russian forces laid siege to Calafat. The siege would continue until May 1854 when the Russians lifted the siege. The Ottomans would also later beat the Russians in battle at Caracal.:130–43 After crossing the Danube at Silistra, in what city did the Ottomans attack the Russians? ","After crossing the Danube at Silistra, in what city did the Ottomans attack the Russians?", Oltenița +"Using the premise: 'Lysichiton is a genus in the family Araceae. These plants are known commonly as skunk cabbage or less often as swamp lantern. The spelling Lysichitum is also found. The genus has two species, one found in north-east Asia (Japan and Russian Far East), the other in north-west America (Aleutians to Santa Cruz County in California).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Lysichiton can only be found in two regions of the world.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Lysichiton can only be found in two regions of the world.,{ neutral } Lysichiton can be found in north-east Asia and north-west America. I think it was difficult for the system because the statement only mentioned two regions. +" Due to Somalia's proximity to and close ties with the Arabian Peninsula, many Somali men also wear the jellabiya (jellabiyad or qamiis in Somali), a long white garment common in the Arab world. In what region do men commonly wear the jellabiya? ",In what region do men commonly wear the jellabiya?, the Arab world +" ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP. What is peering? ",What is peering? , multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points +" Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (""The School of the Elders"") and Mahayana (""The Great Vehicle""). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions. What is the estimated number of Buddhists in the world? ",What is the estimated number of Buddhists in the world?, 488 million[web 1] and 535 million +"Analyze the premise: 'William T. Anderson (1840 – October 26, 1864)—known as ""Bloody Bill"" Anderson—was one of the deadliest and most brutal pro-Confederate guerrilla leaders in the American Civil War. Anderson led a band that targeted Union loyalists and Federal soldiers in Missouri and Kansas.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'William T. Anderson saw the end of the American Civil War' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",William T. Anderson saw the end of the American Civil War,"{ neutral } The American Civil War ended in 1865, William T. Anderson died in 1894. The bot might not know that piece of history" +" At the 29 August Arab League summit in Khartoum, Nasser's usual commanding position had receded as the attending heads of state expected Saudi King Faisal to lead. A ceasefire in the Yemen War was declared and the summit concluded with the Khartoum Resolution. The Soviet Union soon resupplied the Egyptian military with about half of its former arsenals and broke diplomatic relations with Israel. Nasser cut relations with the US following the war, and, according to Aburish, his policy of ""playing the superpowers against each other"" ended. In November, Nasser accepted UN Resolution 242, which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories acquired in the war. His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence. What leader assumed a more prominent position due to Nasser's difficulites? ",What leader assumed a more prominent position due to Nasser's difficulites?, King Faisal +"Using the premise: 'Andrey Ermakov (Russian: Андрей Андреевич Ермаков ), (born May 27, 1987) is a Russian ballet dancer, a winner of 'Soul of Dance' award (Russian 'Ballet' magazine, 2013), who performs as a soloist with the Mariinsky Ballet (formerly the Kirov Ballet).' , decide if the conclusion: 'Andrey Ermakov was born in the 8th decade of the 20th century.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Andrey Ermakov was born in the 8th decade of the 20th century.,{ contradiction } Andrey Ermakov won a magazine award after 2010. +" Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347 In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to reduce the number of faults that end up in the delivered software: the so-called ""defect rate"". What constitutes an ""acceptable defect rate"" depends on the nature of the software; A flight simulator video game would have much higher defect tolerance than software for an actual airplane. Although there are close links with SQA, testing departments often exist independently, and there may be no SQA function in some companies.[citation needed] What is the primary concern for the software specialist and auditors? ",What is the primary concern for the software specialist and auditors?, software development process +" Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well. The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world. The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The Holland Tunnel, connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey, was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927. The Queens-Midtown Tunnel, built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it. The Hugh L. Carey Tunnel runs underneath Battery Park and connects the Financial District at the southern tip of Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn. The Queens-Midtown Tunnel was finished in what year? ",The Queens-Midtown Tunnel was finished in what year?, 1940 +" On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead entered a secret Nazi–Soviet pact. On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group ""which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other"". Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when? ",Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when?, either went to war against a third power +"Given the premise: 'Hamsalekha (born Govindaraju Gangaraju on 23 June 1951) is an Indian film composer and a songwriter who works in South Indian cinema, predominantly in the Kannada film industry since the late 1980s. He is also a screenplay writer, dialogue writer, instrumentalist and a conductor. Composed and written for over 300 feature films.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Hamsalekha (born Govindaraju Gangaraju on 23 June 1950 + 2) is an Indian film composer and a songwriter who works in South Indian cinema' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Hamsalekha (born Govindaraju Gangaraju on 23 June 1950 + 2) is an Indian film composer and a songwriter who works in South Indian cinema,"{ entailment } He was born in 1951, 1950 + 2 is 1952. I think the model struggles a lot with addition to dates." +"Examine the premise: 'How to become an elementary school teacher in florida
Obtain a bachelor's degree. Enroll in an education program to receive a degree from an accredited college or university. Consider majoring in education and specializing in the age group you want to teach.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Anyone can become an elementary school teacher in florida.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Anyone can become an elementary school teacher in florida.,{ contradiction } My statement belongs to the category as the context given was specific regarding qualification to becoming a teacher and my answer was generic and non-specific. It was difficult for the system as anyone could potentially become an elementary school teacher in Florida but only if they fulfilled the specific criteria in the context given. +" Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000. What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan? ",What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?," coal, energy, iron and steel " +" In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications. What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did make several refinements to the number system, such as the introduction of decimal point notation. Sabian mathematician Al-Battani (850-929) contributed to astronomy and mathematics, while Persian scholar Al-Razi contributed to chemistry and medicine. What was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi's profession? ",What was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi's profession?, mathematician +" In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation. What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria?? ",What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??, North German Confederation +" The Brazilian federal constitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress (articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I). In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress. Additionally, the Federal Supreme Court has ruled that, following ratification and entry into force, a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree published in the federal register in order to be valid in Brazil and applicable by the Brazilian authorities. In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty? ",In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty?, Congress +" The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft. What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of? ",What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of?," paratroopers, commandos and rangers " +" In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, ""This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done."" After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: ""I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way."" Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: ""Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill."" Which director did Madonna write to saying that she was perfect for the part of Eva Peron? ",Which director did Madonna write to saying that she was perfect for the part of Eva Peron?, Alan Parker +"Using the premise: 'During the 2011–12 season AFC Ajax participated in the Dutch Eredivisie, the KNVB Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The first training took place on 27 June 2011. The traditional AFC Ajax Open Day will be held on 3 August 2011, followed by a testimonial match for the retired former Ajax goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar.' , decide if the conclusion: '. The first training took place on 27 June 2011 and was an utter failure.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",. The first training took place on 27 June 2011 and was an utter failure.,{ contradiction } Whether the training was a failure or not is not specified by the text. +" England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA World Cups. Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage. A defeat by which team eliminated England from the 1970 FIFA World Cup? ",A defeat by which team eliminated England from the 1970 FIFA World Cup?, West Germany +" In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing system to the market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it. What year was the first HD video conferencing system displayed? ",What year was the first HD video conferencing system displayed?, 2005 +"From the facts presented in 'Alexander Shaun Cullen (born February 18, 1951 in Montreal, Quebec) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is a former Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and a former member of Ottawa City Council, representing the Bay Ward in Ottawa's west end.' , decide if the statement: 'Alexander Shaun Cullen is a member of Provincial Parliament.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Alexander Shaun Cullen is a member of Provincial Parliament.,{ entailment } He is a former member of the parliament and not a current member. It probably couldn't distinguish the past from now. +" Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star. Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an ""alternative"" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer. TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. Tucson Lifestyle Magazine, Lovin' Life News, DesertLeaf, and Zócalo Magazine are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The Arizona Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the Aztec News is the Pima Community College student newspaper. The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona. Who publishes Tucson Weekly? ",Who publishes Tucson Weekly?, 10/13 Communications +"From the facts presented in 'Varun Sharma is an Indian actor who made his debut in Farhan Akhtar's 2013 film production ""Fukrey"", which was a surprise hit in Bollywood. Since his appearance in ""Fukrey"", he has appeared in other comedy films, such as ""Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon"" and ""Dilwale"" etc' , decide if the statement: 'Varun Sharma is from the Southern Hemisphere' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Varun Sharma is from the Southern Hemisphere,{ neutral } does not understand the concept of hemispheres +"From the facts presented in 'Mounira El Mahdeya (born Zakiyya Hassan) (Arabic: منيرة المهدية‎ ‎ ) was an Egyptian singer born in 1885 in Alexandria; she died in 1965. The singer, better known under the nickname of ""Sultana of the song"" or ""The Sultana"", was considered to be the leading Egyptian singer between the two wars.' , decide if the statement: 'Mounira El Mahdeya did not Die in 1966' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Mounira El Mahdeya did not Die in 1966,"{ contradiction } If she died in 1965, then she did not die in 1966. The system struggled with the dates." +"Consider the premise in: 'Screenplaying is a compilation album by British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on 9 November 1993 by Vertigo Records internationally and Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The album contains previously released tracks from Knopfler's soundtrack albums ""Cal"" (1984), ""Last Exit to Brooklyn"" (1989), ""The Princess Bride"" (1987), and ""Local Hero"" (1983).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The compilation album Screenplaying was released within the last 10 years.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The compilation album Screenplaying was released within the last 10 years.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it was released in 1993, more than 10 years ago. It's difficult for the system because it involves calculating and comparing dates relative to the current date." +"Examine the premise: 'Thank you for visiting our website. Since you landed on this page you are looking for the solutions to Mirror Classic April 24th 2017 Crossword and you are in luck! We have just updated our site with the latest answers so without wasting time, scroll down and find the clue that you are looking for. Click any of the clues to reveal the answer and see the rest of the solutions from other publishers too.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'We have updated our site with the latest answers last week.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",We have updated our site with the latest answers last week.,"{ neutral } Based on the test, they have just updated their website with the latest answers, which makes the statement incorrect. I think the system got confused because the statement itself may be true or false, but based on the text it is incorrect." +" The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived. Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion? ",Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?, in defiance of the Sassanids +"With the premise: 'Nancy Hart Douglas (1846–19??) was a scout, guide, and spy for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Serving first with the Moccasin Rangers, a pro-Confederate guerrilla group in present-day West Virginia, she later joined the Confederate Army and continued to serve as a guide and spy under General Stonewall Jackson.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Nancy Hart Douglas died prior to the start of the 20th century.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Nancy Hart Douglas died prior to the start of the 20th century.,{ neutral } It says she died in 19?? meaning she at least lived into the 20th century. The system might have gotten confused by 19?? as a year. +"Given the detailed context: 'Daniel David Boren (born August 2, 1973) is a retired American politician, who served as the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma 's 2 congressional district from 2005 to 2013. The district includes most of the eastern part of the state outside of Tulsa. He is a member of the Democratic Party.', judge whether the statement: 'Daniel David Boren was born in the 20th century.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Daniel David Boren was born in the 20th century.,"{ contradiction } It's definitely correct because he was born in 1973, which is in the 20th century. It's difficult because the system has trouble understanding what it means for something to have happened in a specific century." +" Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery. Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower? ",Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower?, 160 ton +"Analyze the premise: 'How to calculate electric flux
Know the formula for electric flux. [substeps] The electric flux through a surface a is equal to the dot product of the electric field and area vectors e and a. the dot product of two vectors is equal to the product of their respective magnitudes multiplied by the cosine of the angle between them. Determine the magnitude and direction of your electric field vector.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'your electric field vector is not useful' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",your electric field vector is not useful,{ contradiction } It is not known if your electric field vector is something useful +"Given the detailed context: 'Honourable senators will remember that the committee which reported just prior to Christmas received information about a number of cases in which claims were brought by people living in poverty in Canada, usually women and children, both alluded to by my colleagues who spoke before me, against our federal and provincial governments.', judge whether the statement: 'People living in poverty in Canada are joyful' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",People living in poverty in Canada are joyful,"{ contradiction } Just because you live in poverty, that alone doesn't mean you can't experience joy" +"With the premise: '""Johnny B"" is a song from The Hooters' third studio album ""One Way Home"". It was written by Eric Bazilian, Rick Chertoff and Rob Hyman. ""Johnny B"" was released as a single in 1987 by Columbia Records, and reached #61 on ""Billboard"" Hot 100 list. An accompanying music video was also released, directed by David Fincher.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The video for Johnny B was released in 1987.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The video for Johnny B was released in 1987.,"{ entailment } We know when the song was released as a single - but not when the video was released. Maybe I'm dating myself, but back in the old days, those things didn't happen at the same time. :-)" +"With the given context: 'How to find a dog halloween costume online
Determine your dog's basic size. Many manufacturers keep to standard sizes like small, medium, or large; occasionally branching out to x-small or x-large. So it's important to first establish which category your dog falls under.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Most dogs wear the same size' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Most dogs wear the same size,{ entailment } This is incorrect because it lists 5 sizes available +" Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny. In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period. When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson? ",When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson?, the 1970s +"Based on the details provided in: 'JinSoul (also known as Kim Lip & JinSoul) is the seventh single album from South Korean girl group Loona's pre-debut project. It was released digitally on June 26 and physically on June 28, 2017 by Blockberry Creative and distributed by CJ E&M. It officially introduces member JinSoul and contains two tracks, JinSoul's solo ""Singing in the Rain"" and a duet with Kim Lip called ""Love Letter"".' , determine if the claim: 'JinSoul was released digitally by JinSoul and Kim Lip where JinSoul was officially introduced after singing with Loona for years unofficially.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",JinSoul was released digitally by JinSoul and Kim Lip where JinSoul was officially introduced after singing with Loona for years unofficially.,{ contradiction } We don't know how long JinSoul has been with the group based on the context so it is neither correct or incorrect. The language used is similar to what would be used to write either a correct or incorrect statement. +" Guinea-Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five-year term. What country is listed as a republic? ",What country is listed as a republic?, Guinea-Bissau +" The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two smaller phyla, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of the arthropods and share these traits. The ecdysozoans also include the Nematoda or roundworms, perhaps the second largest animal phylum. Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is water. A number are important parasites. Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera. These groups have a reduced coelom, called a pseudocoelom. What are some animals in the Arthropoda group? ",What are some animals in the Arthropoda group?," insects, spiders, crabs " +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Survey
Greg was answering questions. He had been asked to take a survey about his living arrangements. He gave all the information he felt comfortable sharing. Greg hoped the survey would improve things around his apartment. THe complex had really gone downhill lately.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The complex had been better in the past.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The complex had been better in the past.,"{ neutral } Greg said it had gone downhill, therefore it was better in the past." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Robert Jack Duarte Wallace (born April 7, 1986 in Mexico City, Distrito Federal) is a Mexican actor and singer. He is known for his acting performance in the Mexican telenovela ""Rebelde"" as ""Tomas Goycolea"""" and as a member of the Mexican-Argentine pop band, ""Eme 15"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'Robert Jack Duarte Wallace lives in Mexico.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Robert Jack Duarte Wallace lives in Mexico.,{ entailment } There is no evidence given in the statement on Robert's home address. +"Examine the premise: 'Clifton George Bailey III (born 13 April 1967), better known by the stage name Capleton, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall artist. He is also referred to as King Shango, King David, The Fireman and The Prophet. His record label is called David House Productions. He is known for his Rastafari movement views expressed in his songs.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Capleton is the stage name Clifton George Bailey III prefers to be referred as.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Capleton is the stage name Clifton George Bailey III prefers to be referred as.,"{ entailment } He is also referred to as King Shango, King David, The Fireman and The Prophet. The text doesn't specify which of these is his preferred stage name." +"Examine the information in 'How to boost your health by adding berries to your diet
Start your day by adding berries to breakfast foods. Berries can easily be used to enhance breakfast foods. Sprinkle some blueberries, raspberries, or sliced strawberries in your morning cereal.' Is the statement: 'Carrots can be easily used to enhance breakfast foods.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Carrots can be easily used to enhance breakfast foods.,{ contradiction } No information was given regarding carrots. +"With the given context: 'How to set up a christmas village
Locate the room that is most prepared to receive the christmas village. Is there some room that you want all your visitors to see once they step inside. Perhaps it can be located in an opening room foyer or living area that is located in or near the entrance doorway.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'opening room foyer or living area are often used for christmas village' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",opening room foyer or living area are often used for christmas village,{ neutral } It's normally the most visible rooms +" Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified ""mob football"", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia. What country is the game wogabaliri from? ",What country is the game wogabaliri from?, Australia +" In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. What is a Catalan person called in the 15th century? ",What is a Catalan person called in the 15th century?, Catellain +"With the given context: 'I said nothing and gave no advice , not having lived seventy-five years for nothing .
I knew that Doctor John 's decision was manly and right and fair ; but I also knew it was all nullified by the fact that Marcella already loved him .
So much I knew ; the rest I was left to suppose .
The Doctor and Marcella told me much , but there were some things too sacred to be told , even to me .
So that to this day I do n't know how the doctor found out that Marcella loved him .' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The person who gave no advice did not have to guess whether Marcella loved the doctor.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The person who gave no advice did not have to guess whether Marcella loved the doctor.,"{ contradiction } The text says [he] ""knew it was all nullified by the fact that Marcella already loved him. So much I knew ; the rest I was left to suppose"" -- the ambiguous phrase 'the rest' confused the model." +" St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields has led to an economic boom that has spurred population growth and commercial development. As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output. What led to an economic boom in St. John's? ",What led to an economic boom in St. John's?," Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields " +"Using the premise: 'The Prince and Me is a 2004 romantic comedy film directed by Martha Coolidge, and starring Julia Stiles, Luke Mably, and Ben Miller, with Miranda Richardson, James Fox, and Alberta Watson. The film focuses on Paige Morgan, a pre-med college student in Wisconsin, who is pursued by a prince posing as a normal college student.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Julia Stiles and Luke Mably were at least 40 years old when they starred in The Prince and Me in 2004.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Julia Stiles and Luke Mably were at least 40 years old when they starred in The Prince and Me in 2004.,"{ entailment } The context does not state the ages of any person who starred in this film. I have discovered that the AI struggles with the words ""At least"" more than the word ""over"". After that I just made up something kind of nonsensical that wasn't addressed by the context and threw in enough keywords to BS the AI." +"Given the detailed context: 'Putnam County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,499. Its county seat is Ottawa. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1834. Its name is in honor of Israel Putnam, who was a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.', judge whether the statement: 'Putnam County was created and organized in 1834.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Putnam County was created and organized in 1834.,{ entailment } Putnam County was created in 1820 and then was organized in 1834. +"Given the detailed context: 'Canon John Tallis is a major character in the young adult novels of Madeleine L'Engle, appearing in four books. The character is based on L'Engle's real-life spiritual advisor, Canon Edward Nason West of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City.', judge whether the statement: 'Canon John Tallis is a fictional person' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Canon John Tallis is a fictional person,{ contradiction } Canon John Tallis was fictional +" Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, ""In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."" What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham ",What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham, the land and its produce belong to everyone +" The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 million. Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago. Where are the British Isles located? ",Where are the British Isles located?," North Atlantic, " +" On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by March 1, 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital. The Supreme Court restricted registration of some vehicles with engines of 2000 cc and over until what date? ",The Supreme Court restricted registration of some vehicles with engines of 2000 cc and over until what date?," March 31, 2016 " +" Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata? ","Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata?", Arab Nationalist Movement +"Examine the premise: 'Alec Holowka is a Canadian indie game developer, co-founder of an independent game companies Bit Blot, and Infinite Ammo, where he works as lead programmer, musician and game designer. He collaborated with Derek Yu to create the award-winning game ""Aquaria"" and freeware game ""I'm O.K - A Murder Simulator"". He collaborated with Scott Benson to create ""Night in the Woods"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Holowka collaborated on Aquaria with Yu and Benson' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Holowka collaborated on Aquaria with Yu and Benson,{ entailment } He only worked with Yu on Aquaria +" Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow. What machine strips off the entire head of the cotton plant? ",What machine strips off the entire head of the cotton plant?, cotton stripper +"Consider the premise in: 'Genevieve LaCaze (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian athletics competitor who specialises in the 3000 metre steeplechase. She held an athletics scholarship at the University of Florida. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. LaCaze is of French, Italian and Spanish descent.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Genevieve LaCaze completed her medical degree from the University of Florida while on an athletics scholarship.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Genevieve LaCaze completed her medical degree from the University of Florida while on an athletics scholarship.,"{ contradiction } The reader was not told what degree Genevieve LaCaze was pursuing while on athletic scholarship for the University of Florida. The AI can not know if this is correct or incorrect, but may have recognized words in the passage that it made it's decision on." +" The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two major medical centers downtown: Yale – New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street, Connecticut Mental Health Center/ across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the Hill Health Center, which serves the working-class Hill neighborhood. A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven. To the west in Milford is Milford Hospital, and to the north in Meriden is the MidState Medical Center. What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries? ",What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries?, West Haven +" In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles ""Lose My Breath"" and ""Soldier"", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006. What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003? ",What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003?, Dangerously in Love Tour +" Evaporation and sublimation into a vacuum is called outgassing. All materials, solid or liquid, have a small vapour pressure, and their outgassing becomes important when the vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure. In man-made systems, outgassing has the same effect as a leak and can limit the achievable vacuum. Outgassing products may condense on nearby colder surfaces, which can be troublesome if they obscure optical instruments or react with other materials. This is of great concern to space missions, where an obscured telescope or solar cell can ruin an expensive mission. Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission? ",Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission?, obscure optical instruments +" As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw: What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division? ",What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division?, *ćw and *dźw +" The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012. What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012? ",What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?, 559.8 EJ +" It was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the 2nd century AD, Daoists formed large hierarchical religious societies such as the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice. Its followers believed that the sage-philosopher Laozi (fl. 6th century BC) was a holy prophet who would offer salvation and good health if his devout followers would confess their sins, ban the worship of unclean gods who accepted meat sacrifices and chant sections of the Daodejing. What literal work were followers of Laozi expected to chant? ",What literal work were followers of Laozi expected to chant?, Daodejing +"Given the context: 'Brigadier Frederick Maurice Watson Harvey, VC, MC (1 September 1888 – 24 August 1980) was an Irish Canadian soldier and rugby union player. During the First World War, while serving in the Canadian Army, he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the Military Cross and the French Croix de Guerre.' , classify the statement: 'Brigadier Frederick Maurice Watson Harvey, VC, MC lived to be one hundred years old. ' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.","Brigadier Frederick Maurice Watson Harvey, VC, MC lived to be one hundred years old. ","{ entailment } The context shows Brigadier Frederick Maurice Watson Harvey, VC, MC's birth year and year of death, which makes it clear he died before age 100. The system may not have been capable of doing that math itself. " +" In May 1778, Burke supported a parliamentary motion revising restrictions on Irish trade. His constituents, citizens of the great trading city of Bristol, however urged Burke to oppose free trade with Ireland. Burke resisted their protestations and said: ""If, from this conduct, I shall forfeit their suffrages at an ensuing election, it will stand on record an example to future representatives of the Commons of England, that one man at least had dared to resist the desires of his constituents when his judgment assured him they were wrong"". What country did Burke propose restricting trade with? ",What country did Burke propose restricting trade with?, Ireland +" A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers. They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton. ""Tetraploid"" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes. The sequencing consortium first agreed to sequence the D-genome relative of cultivated cotton (G. raimondii, a wild Central American cotton species) because of its small size and limited number of repetitive elements. It is nearly one-third the number of bases of tetraploid cotton (AD), and each chromosome is only present once.[clarification needed] The A genome of G. arboreum would be sequenced next. Its genome is roughly twice the size of G. raimondii's. Part of the difference in size between the two genomes is the amplification of retrotransposons (GORGE). Once both diploid genomes are assembled, then research could begin sequencing the actual genomes of cultivated cotton varieties. This strategy is out of necessity; if one were to sequence the tetraploid genome without model diploid genomes, the euchromatic DNA sequences of the AD genomes would co-assemble and the repetitive elements of AD genomes would assembly independently into A and D sequences respectively. Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts. In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing? ","In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?", diploid counterparts +"Based on the details provided in: 'Sherwood Stewart (born June 6, 1946, in Goose Creek, Texas, United States) played amateur and professional tennis in the 1970s and 1980s. Stewart was ranked as high as No. 60 in the world in singles on the ATP Rankings on December 31, 1978, and No. 4 in doubles on January 3, 1983.' , determine if the claim: 'Sherwood Stewart was never ranked higher than 50 in the ATP singles rankings.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sherwood Stewart was never ranked higher than 50 in the ATP singles rankings.,{ contradiction } While he was ranked 4th it was as a doubles player. He only reached 60th in the singles rankings. +"Examine the information in 'B. Dalton Bookseller (often called B. Dalton or B. Dalton's) was an American retail bookstore chain founded in 1966 by Bruce Dayton, a member of the same family that operated the Dayton's department store chain. B. Dalton expanded to become the largest retailer of hardcover books in the United States, with 798 stores at the peak of the chain's success.' Is the statement: 'Bruce Dayton founded the Dayton's department store chain.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Bruce Dayton founded the Dayton's department store chain.,"{ entailment } Bruce Dayton's family already operated the Dayton's department store chain, so it must have been founded by someone besides Bruce Dayton. I think it was difficult for the system because the context did mention both the founding and the department store chain, just not together. " +" Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians account for 98.4% of the population. In the counties of Harju (including the capital city, Tallinn) and Ida-Viru, however, ethnic Estonians make up 60% and 20% of the population, respectively. Russians make up 25.6% of the total population but account for 36% of the population in Harju county and 70% of the population in Ida-Viru county. Which county in Estonia is the most uniform? ",Which county in Estonia is the most uniform?, Hiiumaa +" Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as ""The Queen's House"". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761? ",Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?, King George III +"Using the premise: 'North Las Vegas is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, located in the Las Vegas Valley. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 216,961, with an estimated population of 226,877 in 2013. The city was incorporated on May 16, 1946. It is located in the Las Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA and is the fourth largest city in the state of Nevada.' , decide if the conclusion: 'North Las Vegas lost population between 2010 and 2013.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",North Las Vegas lost population between 2010 and 2013.,{ neutral } Based on the text the population grew at a healthy clip between 2010 and 2013. I'm not sure how the system missed this one. +"With the premise: 'The Hammett Prize is awarded annually by the International Association of Crime Writers, North American Branch (IACW/NA) to a Canadian or US citizen or permanent resident for a book in English in the field of crime writing. It is named after crime-writer Dashiell Hammett and was established in 1991.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The Hammett Prize is awarded to people that have pets' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The Hammett Prize is awarded to people that have pets,{ contradiction } It can be said that it is awarded to people with or without pets +" The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival, as priories were legally schools. Information about the schools of the English Province is limited, but a few facts are known. Much of the information available is taken from visitation records. The ""visitation"" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter. There were four such visits in England and Wales—Oxford, London, Cambridge and York. All Dominican students were required to learn grammar, old and new logic, natural philosophy and theology. Of all of the curricular areas, however, theology was the most important. This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic's zeal for it. Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of? ",Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of?, the Blessed Virgin Mary +"Given the premise: 'State Route 360 (SR 360) is a state highway in the southern portion of Mineral County, Nevada, United States. The route connects the former town of Basalt to the rest of Mineral County. A road has been in the place of SR 360 since 1919, and became State Route 10 by 1929.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'State Route 360 runs through Area 51.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",State Route 360 runs through Area 51.,{ contradiction } You cannot conclude from this information alone that it does not run through Area 51. The connecting towns could contain Area 51 since it's in Nevada. I think that the system is focused on the 2 connecting towns. +" In 2000, Dell announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) of space in the Las Cimas office complex in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, between Austin and West Lake Hills, to house the company's executive offices and corporate headquarters. 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000. In January 2001, the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2, located along Loop 360. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and some corporate functions. Dell also had an option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m2) of space in Las Cimas 3. After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex. In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant; the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured. By 2003, Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a total of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m2), for about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants. How much space did Dell lease in Texas? ",How much space did Dell lease in Texas?," 80,000 square feet " +"With the premise: 'Riccardo Cocchi (born December 7, 1977, Terni, Italy) is a six-time Latin Dance Champion, with his partner, Yulia Zagoruychenko. Currently, he resides in and represents the United States of America. When not busy competing, Riccardo is available for coaching.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Riccardo Cocchi is only 38 years old' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Riccardo Cocchi is only 38 years old,{ neutral } The system has trouble distinguishing age based on the current year and the stated year +"Based on the details provided in: 'Matthew Benjamin Kleban is an American theoretical physicist who works on string theory and theoretical cosmology. He is an associate professor at New York University, a member of the Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, and a former member at the Institute for Advanced Study. His contributions to physics include:' , determine if the claim: 'Matthew Benjamin Kleban has an average sized house.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Matthew Benjamin Kleban has an average sized house.,"{ contradiction } No way to know what size house he has, if he even has one." +"Given the detailed context: 'The Gnifetti Hut (Italian: ""Capanna Giovanni Gnifetti"") is a refuge in the Alps in Aosta Valley, Italy. It is located at an altitude of 3647 m , and provides access to mountaineers climbing any of the fifteeen nearby 4,000 metre high summits of the Monte Rosa massif, and gives access to high-level glacier routes as well as to the Margherita Hut, located on the Signalkuppe.', judge whether the statement: 'Climbers can stop at the Gnifetti Hut to take a break.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Climbers can stop at the Gnifetti Hut to take a break.,{ neutral } A refuge is a place for rest. +" Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics. Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought? ",Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?, scientific +"Analyze the premise: 'Girls on Top is a British ITV sitcom, broadcast in 1985 and 1986, and made by Witzend for the ITV contractor Central Independent Television. It stars Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders, Ruby Wax and Tracey Ullman, and was written by French, Saunders, and Wax with additional material from Ullman. Despite a poor critical reception, the series was a ratings success.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The public hated Girls on Top.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The public hated Girls on Top.,"{ neutral } If it was a ratings success, that means the public watched it, and presumably loved it." +"Examine the information in 'Sex and the Single Girl is a 1962 non-fiction book by American writer Helen Gurley Brown, written as an advice book that encouraged women to become financially independent and experience sexual relationships before or without marriage. The book sold two million copies in three weeks, was sold in 35 countries and has made the ""Los Angeles Times"", ""The New York Times"" and ""Time"" bestseller lists.' Is the statement: 'Sex and the Single Girl was a successful book in over 35 countries' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Sex and the Single Girl was a successful book in over 35 countries,"{ entailment } It was successful in America, we do not know about how it did in other countries" +"From the facts presented in 'The 1989–90 Iraq FA Cup was the 13th edition of the Iraq FA Cup. The tournament was won by Al-Zawraa for the sixth time, beating Al-Shabab 2–1 on penalties in the final after a 0–0 draw. The first three rounds were between teams from the lower division, before the top-flight clubs began to enter at the round of 32.' , decide if the statement: 'Al-Shabab has never beaten Al-Zawraa in a match up.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Al-Shabab has never beaten Al-Zawraa in a match up.,"{ contradiction } The context only mentions one time that the two teams faced off, and it is possible that another match produced a different result. The system may have been thrown off by the use of the word ""never"" which is strong." +"With the premise: 'The Individualism of Gil Evans is an album by pianist, conductor, arranger and composer Gil Evans originally released on the Verve label in 1964. It features Evans' big band arrangements of five original compositions (two cowritten with Miles Davis) and compositions by Kurt Weill, Bob Dorough, John Lewis and Willie Dixon. Tracks 1, 6, 7, 8 & 9 first appeared on the CD version of the album.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Miles Davis co-wrote five original compositions on The Individualism of Gil Evans.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Miles Davis co-wrote five original compositions on The Individualism of Gil Evans.,{ entailment } The Individualism of Gil Evans features five original compositions (two cowritten with Miles Davis); the system mixed up the numbers. +"Using the premise: 'Earl Mountbatten of Burma is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1947 for Rear Admiral Louis Mountbatten, 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India. The letters patent creating the title specified the following special remainder:' , decide if the conclusion: 'The last Viceroy of India was not alive in 1947' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The last Viceroy of India was not alive in 1947,"{ neutral } If a title was created for the Viceroy in 1947, he would have to be alive. " +" The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit. The city government is run by a mayor and a nine-member city council and clerk elected on an at-large nonpartisan ballot. Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a ""strong mayoral"" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments. The council approves budgets but the mayor is not obligated to adhere to any earmarking. City ordinances and substantially large contracts must be approved by the council. The Detroit City Code is the codification of Detroit's local ordinances. When was Detroit's charter approved? ",When was Detroit's charter approved?, 1974 +" A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed] Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist? ",Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?, remote areas +" In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment. How much was the sale of CBS Songs? ",How much was the sale of CBS Songs?, $125 million +" In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concerned whether the temporary web cache created by the web browser of a consumer of the aggregator's service, also infringed the copyright of the news generators. The first prong was decided in favor of the news generators; in June 2014 the second prong was decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which ruled that the temporary web cache of consumers of the aggregator did not infringe the copyright of the news generators. When was the second part of the case decided? ",When was the second part of the case decided?, June 2014 +"Considering the context: 'Henry V is a 2012 British television film based on the play of the same name by William Shakespeare. It is the fourth film in the series of television films called ""The Hollow Crown"" produced by Sam Mendes for BBC Two covering the whole of Shakespeare's Henriad. It was directed by Thea Sharrock and stars Tom Hiddleston as Henry V of England.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Henry V is 7 years old this year' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Henry V is 7 years old this year,{ contradiction } The system cannot determine how far a set date is from today +" Once food leaves the crop, it passes to the midgut (element 13 in numbered diagram), also known as the mesenteron, where the majority of digestion takes place. Microscopic projections from the midgut wall, called microvilli, increase the surface area of the wall and allow more nutrients to be absorbed; they tend to be close to the origin of the midgut. In some insects, the role of the microvilli and where they are located may vary. For example, specialized microvilli producing digestive enzymes may more likely be near the end of the midgut, and absorption near the origin or beginning of the midgut.:32 The majority of an insects digestion happens where? ",The majority of an insects digestion happens where?, the mesenteron +" Developers also found the machine difficult to program for. In 2007, Gabe Newell of Valve said ""The PS3 is a total disaster on so many levels, I think it's really clear that Sony lost track of what customers and what developers wanted"". He continued ""I'd say, even at this late date, they should just cancel it and do a do over. Just say, 'This was a horrible disaster and we're sorry and we're going to stop selling this and stop trying to convince people to develop for it'"". Doug Lombardi VP of Marketing for Valve has since stated that they are interested in developing for the console and are looking to hire talented PS3 programmers for future projects. He later restated Valve's position, ""Until we have the ability to get a PS3 team together, until we find the people who want to come to Valve or who are at Valve who want to work on that, I don't really see us moving to that platform"". At Sony's E3 2010 press conference, Newell made a live appearance to recant his previous statements, citing Sony's move to make the system more developer friendly, and to announce that Valve would be developing Portal 2 for the system. He also claimed that the inclusion of Steamworks (Valve's system to automatically update their software independently) would help to make the PS3 version of Portal 2 the best console version on the market. In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS3 ""a total disaster""? ","In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS3 ""a total disaster""?", 2007 +" An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. What does ISP stand for? ",What does ISP stand for?, Internet service provider +"Given the premise: 'David Thomas Bush (born November 9, 1979) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Milwaukee Brewers, Texas Rangers, and Philadelphia Phillies. Bush also played for the SK Wyverns of the KBO League.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'David Thomas Bush played for more than 4 teams.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",David Thomas Bush played for more than 4 teams.,{ contradiction } It listed 5 teams so it is correct. +" During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, ""10/21 February 1750/51"", where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of John Dee (1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers ""customarily"" used ""two dates"" on their letters, one OS and one NS. How which calendar did some countries notate the date? ",How which calendar did some countries notate the date?, in both +"Examine the premise: '1/12 Top 12 cities for exploring on foot Wandering around is by far the best way to get your bearings in a new city, not to mention the cheapest. The Lonely Planet has come up with a list of the world's best cities for walking - as voted by its readers. 12. Sydney A trip to Sydney is not complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge. It's also an easy walk to the opera house at circular quay, then up through the Royal Botanic Gardnens and into the heart of the shopping and business district. Getty Images' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'the lonely planet best cities for walking has no southern state' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",the lonely planet best cities for walking has no southern state,{ contradiction } not clear which states are on the list +"Examine the premise: 'My Dinner with Hervé is an upcoming American television drama film directed and written by Sacha Gervasi based on the later days of actor Hervé Villechaize. The film stars Peter Dinklage as Villechaize, Jamie Dornan as a struggling journalist, and Andy García as Ricardo Montalbán, Villechaize’s ""Fantasy Island"" co-star.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Ricardo Montalbán's will also be portrayed in this movie.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Ricardo Montalbán's will also be portrayed in this movie.,{ neutral } Someone playing Ricardo Montalban will also be in the movie. +"Examine the premise: 'Rip Slyme (often stylized as RIP SLYME) is a Japanese hip hop group. It is composed of four MCs; Ryo-Z, Ilmari, Pes & Su, and a DJ, Fumiya. Their sound derives its influences from old school hip hop and other hip hop such as The Pharcyde, De La Soul, Public Enemy, Jurassic 5, the Beastie Boys, DJ Premier and Leaders of the New School.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'RIP SLYME is a group of four artist from Japan whose style of singing is like old school hip hop' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",RIP SLYME is a group of four artist from Japan whose style of singing is like old school hip hop,{ contradiction } this statement is definitely correct because it is made up of four MCs and they are Japanese and theirsound derives its influences from old school hip hop +" Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of World War II. Finally, the 12-inch (30 cm) Long Play (LP) 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove record album was introduced by the Columbia Record Company at a New York press conference on June 18, 1948. Who released the 12 inch LP? ",Who released the 12 inch LP?, Columbia Record Company +" A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs. Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub? ","Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?", Mike Belben +"Reflect on the information in: 'Wireshark is a free and open source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Wireshark is not used for playing games.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Wireshark is not used for playing games.,"{ neutral } Wireshark is used for troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. " +" Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi). The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being: How long is Greece's coastline? ",How long is Greece's coastline?," 8,498 mi " +" A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD? ",What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?, photodiode +"Given the detailed context: 'Till-Holger Borchert (born 1967, in Hamburg) is a German art historian and writer specialising in 14th and 15th-century art. He has been the chief curator of the Groeningemuseum and Arentshuis museums in Bruges between 2003 and 2014. In december 2014, he was appointed as artistic director of the Municipal Museums in Bruges.', judge whether the statement: 'Till-Holger Borchert was the highest curator at a museum.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Till-Holger Borchert was the highest curator at a museum.,"{ neutral } It said he is the chief curator. Bu definition, that is the highest curator and thus is definitely correct. " +" After the three-year transition period ended with Nasser's official assumption of power, his domestic and independent foreign policies increasingly collided with the regional interests of the UK and France. The latter condemned his strong support for Algerian independence, and the UK's Eden government was agitated by Nasser's campaign against the Baghdad Pact. In addition, Nasser's adherence to neutralism regarding the Cold War, recognition of communist China, and arms deal with the Eastern bloc alienated the United States. On 19 July 1956, the US and UK abruptly withdrew their offer to finance construction of the Aswan Dam, citing concerns that Egypt's economy would be overwhelmed by the project. What communist country did Nasser and Egypt recognize? ",What communist country did Nasser and Egypt recognize?, China +"Using the premise: 'The Government of Canada, through the Department of Justice, should institute a study of the accountability of corporate executives and directors for the wrongful or negligent acts of the corporation and should introduce in the Parliament of Canada such amendments to legislation as are necessary to ensure that corporate executives and directors are held properly accountable for workplace safety.' , decide if the conclusion: 'The Government of Canada does not influence other governments' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",The Government of Canada does not influence other governments,{ contradiction } The Government of Canada is not known to influence other governments explicitly +" Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig. In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. In its application in textual criticism, the text of a number of different manuscripts is entered into a computer, which records all the differences between them. The manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics. The difference between cladistics and more traditional forms of statistical analysis is that, rather than simply arranging the manuscripts into rough groupings according to their overall similarity, cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree and uses that assumption to derive relationships between them. This makes it more like an automated approach to stemmatics. However, where there is a difference, the computer does not attempt to decide which reading is closer to the original text, and so does not indicate which branch of the tree is the ""root""—which manuscript tradition is closest to the original. Other types of evidence must be used for that purpose. What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics? ",What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?," does not indicate which branch of the tree is the ""root"" " +" The concept of 'education through recreation' was applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L.P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation: ""A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he always seems to be doing both. Enough for him that he does it well."" Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of life's activities. The concept has been revived by the University of Western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students. When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded? ",When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded?, 20th century +" Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas). Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era? ",Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era?, Gautama Buddha +" In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock. Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament? ",Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament?, Nancy Astor +"Analyze the premise: 'Historically, government intervention at all levels, but certainly at the national level, played a tremendous role in building the fabric of western Canada from the railway through to the oil and gas business through to the wheat board and all of the areas that are considered to be the jewels of the west.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Without the support of the government, the nation wouldn't be nearly as successful' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Without the support of the government, the nation wouldn't be nearly as successful",{ neutral } The statement lists all the good things that happened as a result of the government making my statement correct. The model probably had issues with my vague statements. +" Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico. How many UEFA Cup Winners' Cup wins does Barcelona have? ",How many UEFA Cup Winners' Cup wins does Barcelona have?, four +" The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and take actions once the infringing content is brought to their attention. In U.S. law this is characterized as ""safe harbor"" provisions. Under European law, the governing principles for Internet Service Providers are ""mere conduit"", meaning that they are neutral 'pipes' with no knowledge of what they are carrying; and 'no obligation to monitor' meaning that they cannot be given a general mandate by governments to monitor content. These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement. In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's? ","In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's?", mere conduit +"Given the detailed context: 'A special ceremony to commemorate the life of Civil Rights Activist Vernon Dahmer Sr. will be held Sunday. The program will be held at Shady Grover Baptist Church in Hattiesburg at 3 p.m. Dahmer was a leader of the Forrest County NAACP. He was killed at his home 50 years ago. Governor Phil Bryant declared January 10 as Vernon Dahmer Day Friday. Copyright 2016 WDAM. All rights reserved', judge whether the statement: 'Vernon Dahmer was celebrated for his actions many years after his passing.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Vernon Dahmer was celebrated for his actions many years after his passing.,{ neutral } It is correct and it was 50 years after he was killed that he was commemorated. I think it was difficult for the system to determine because of the lack of specific information. +" Aeromedical Evacuation is ""the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation"" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as ""the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic and/or contracted mobility airframes, with aircrew trained explicitly for this mission."" Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations. Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions? ",Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions? , Aeromedical evacuation forces +"From the information in: 'Birthday.
Mike was planning a birthday party for his friend, but needed help. He asked his friends what they thought he should do. They gave him some ideas and he liked them! He invited me to the store to buy the supplies so we went. When we put everything together the party was a big hit!' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Mike contains no z' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mike contains no z,{ contradiction } Z isn't there +"Given the context: 'The Canada pension plan contribution rate increased to 7% from 6.4% in January 1999, which is an annual increase of $1.4 billion taken out of the pockets of Canadian taxpayers, whether they are business owners and their businesses are having to pay their portion or people who are actually on the frontline doing the work.' , classify the statement: 'they found themselves losing more money due in part to a law' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",they found themselves losing more money due in part to a law,"{ neutral } According to the statement, more money was taken away from Canadians at the beginning of the year as a result of the law. This makes my statement correct. The model seemed to be confused with common vs proper nouns. It would probably catch me if I used the word Canadians, but the word they would slip under its radar. " +"Given the premise: 'How to know your audience
Use words and phrases your audience understands. Instead of using an acronym or technical jargon, use a relevant word or phrase that provides the same meaning. For example, business people like to use sme's (pronounced like "" smees "") to describe a person who is a subject matter expert.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'If you follow this advice, do not use sme to describe a person who is a subject matter expert.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","If you follow this advice, do not use sme to describe a person who is a subject matter expert.","{ neutral } The advice is NOT TO USE an acronym or technical jargon, and SME is an acronym. The wording of the last sentence confused the model." +"Examine the premise: 'Platystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the poppy family containing the single species Platystemon californicus, which is known by the common name creamcups. It is native to Oregon, California, Arizona, Utah and Baja California, and is found in open grasslands and sandy soils.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Utah has a species of poppy flowering plant.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Utah has a species of poppy flowering plant.,{ contradiction } Utah is a region that grows the creamcups. It's difficult because poppy flowering plant refers to platystemon. +" Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. Robin Williams played the physician; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic (frozen) state. The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence. A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and ""A Kind of Alaska"", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book. Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on? ",Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?, Oliver Sacks +" The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts of Patristic literature as well as pagan authors. In 1439, while employed in Naples at the court of Alfonso V of Aragon (at the time engaged in a dispute with the Papal States) the humanist Lorenzo Valla used stylistic textual analysis, now called philology, to prove that the Donation of Constantine, which purported to confer temporal powers on the Pope of Rome, was an 8th-century forgery. For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way. Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world. The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West. What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s? ",What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?, Greek manuscripts +" The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio. What island do the Marshall Islands claim? ",What island do the Marshall Islands claim?, Wake Island +" Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre. What type of troupe is Jiangsu Province Kun Opera considered to be? ",What type of troupe is Jiangsu Province Kun Opera considered to be?, a conservative and traditional troupe +" The eusocial insects build nest, guard eggs, and provide food for offspring full-time (see Eusociality). Most insects, however, lead short lives as adults, and rarely interact with one another except to mate or compete for mates. A small number exhibit some form of parental care, where they will at least guard their eggs, and sometimes continue guarding their offspring until adulthood, and possibly even feeding them. Another simple form of parental care is to construct a nest (a burrow or an actual construction, either of which may be simple or complex), store provisions in it, and lay an egg upon those provisions. The adult does not contact the growing offspring, but it nonetheless does provide food. This sort of care is typical for most species of bees and various types of wasps. What do eusocial insects guard? ",What do eusocial insects guard?, eggs +" Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005. When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model? ",When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?, 2005 +" The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to increase the reefs. However, if the increase in sea level occurs at faster rate as compared to coral growth, or if polyp activity is damaged by ocean acidification, then the resilience of the atolls and reef islands is less certain. The 2011 report of Pacific Climate Change Science Program of Australia concludes, in relation to Tuvalu, states the conclusions that over the course of the 21st century: What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs? ",What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs?, ocean acidification +"Given the premise: 'How to create an indoor box turtle habitat
Set up a large enough enclosure. Box turtles need a lot of room to roam like in the wild. Each turtle in your terrarium needs at least three square feet (91 cm) of floor space for every eight inches (20 cm) of their length.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'When in the wild, box turtles don't roam around a lot.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","When in the wild, box turtles don't roam around a lot.","{ neutral } This is definitely incorrect because it states that box turtles need a lot of room to roam around like they do in the wild, meaning that they actually do roam around a lot." +" In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of ""ribbon machine"" is used. A continuous ribbon of glass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs are created. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, they are cut off the ribbon machine; a typical machine of this sort produces 50,000 bulbs per hour. The filament and its supports are assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is then inserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested. What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape? ",What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape?, precisely aligned air nozzles +" However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes. Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from? ",Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?, Russian Revolution +"From the facts presented in 'How to keep your pets healthy
Consult with your pet's veterinarian concerning diets. Every pet needs to be well taken care of and the most important thing is to ensure that they have a proper diet. You might see yourself feeding a dog once a day, while birds and rabbits should always be provided with a fresh container of food and water at all times.' , decide if the statement: 'Birds and rabbits have different feeding frequencies.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Birds and rabbits have different feeding frequencies.,"{ entailment } This is false according to the text, both get constant food" +"Examine the information in 'Ron Hutchinson (born near Lisburn, County Antrim, Northern Ireland) is an Emmy Award winning screenwriter and an Olivier Award nominated playwright, known for writing John Frankenheimer's ""Against the Wall"", Robert M. Young's ""Slave of Dreams"", John Frankenheimer's ""The Island of Dr. Moreau"", ""Moonlight and Magnolias"" (play), and the 2004 miniseries ""Traffic.""' Is the statement: 'Ron Hutchinson, a man born in Lisburn County, Northern Ireland was nominated for the Olivier Award and won an Emmy.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Ron Hutchinson, a man born in Lisburn County, Northern Ireland was nominated for the Olivier Award and won an Emmy.",{ entailment } I switched the name of the city for the name of the County the man was born in but the words were in the same order. +" The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Not coincidentally, on the eve of 1821, the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in Chios, Smyrna and Aivali, all three major centres of Greek commerce. Greek success was also favoured by Greek domination of the Christian Orthodox church. What did the Greeks offer to the Ottoman Empire that was a superb benefit ? ",What did the Greeks offer to the Ottoman Empire that was a superb benefit ? , the Greek tradition of education and commerce +"From the information in: 'How to cope with hunger
Keep yourself hydrated. Pouring yourself a big glass of water and drinking it may help to quell any cravings or hunger. To stay hydrated, women should consume 2.7 liters and men should consume 3.7 liters of fluids daily.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The fluid requirement for men is more than 1.5 liters higher than the fluid requirement for women.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The fluid requirement for men is more than 1.5 liters higher than the fluid requirement for women.,"{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because it's only 1 liter higher, which is not more than 1.5 liters. It's difficult because the system probably thinks the statement is saying that the fluid requirement for men is more than 1.5 liters, so it judges it to be definitely correct." +"From the facts presented in 'The United Iraqi Alliance, endorsed by Iraq's top Shiite clerics, captured more than two-thirds of the 3.3 million votes counted so far, the election commission said.' , decide if the statement: 'The United Iraqi Alliance were winning the election at the time of the report' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The United Iraqi Alliance were winning the election at the time of the report,"{ neutral } The United Iraqi Alliance had a majority of the votes at the time of the report, so they must have been winning the election at that point. The system could likely not compute that having a majority of the votes meant winning. " +"With the given context: 'Summer Lovers is a 1982 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Randal Kleiser, starring Peter Gallagher, Daryl Hannah and Valerie Quennessen. It was filmed on location on the island of Santorini, Greece. The original music score is composed by Basil Poledouris. ""Summer Lovers"" featured ""Hard to Say I'm Sorry"", a No. 1 hit for Chicago and ""I'm So Excited"" by The Pointer Sisters.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Randal Kleiser wasn't considering Peter Gallagher for Summer Lovers but his friend strongly advised Randal to give Peter a try.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Randal Kleiser wasn't considering Peter Gallagher for Summer Lovers but his friend strongly advised Randal to give Peter a try.,{ contradiction } we don't know anything about Randal's decisions to hire specific actors. Maybe the sentence was too complicated for the system and that's why it did the trick +"From the facts presented in 'Hunter Mountain is in the towns of Hunter and Lexington, just south of the village of Hunter, in Greene County, New York, United States. At approximately 4040 ft in elevation, it is the highest peak in the county and the second-highest peak in the Catskill Mountains.' , decide if the statement: 'Hunter Mountain lies in lexington' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Hunter Mountain lies in lexington,{ contradiction } they took lies literaly and not figuratively so they didnt understand +"Analyze the premise: 'How to make marshmallow and oats bars
Add 3 tablespoons of butter in a pan and heat it until it completely melts. Add the marshmallows. Make sure to use a bag of them because when they melt, their size will decrease.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The marshmallows have oats in them.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The marshmallows have oats in them.,"{ contradiction } We don't know if they have oats in them or not. There's no mention of the oats in the directions, but we know that there are oats in this dessert." +"Analyze the premise: 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a legendary reindeer, created by Robert Lewis May, usually depicted as a young fawn who barely has antlers, with a glowing red nose, popularly known as ""Santa's ninth reindeer."" When depicted, he is the lead reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve. The luminosity of his nose is so great that it illuminates the team's path through inclement winter weather.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a legendary raindeer that was not created by William Shakespeare but by Robert Lewis May.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a legendary raindeer that was not created by William Shakespeare but by Robert Lewis May.,{ contradiction } Rudolph was created by Robert Lewis May +"Considering the context: 'Salmonby is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 5.5 mi north-east from Horncastle, 10 mi south from Louth and 8 mi north-west from Spilsby. Salmonby lies within the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Tetford lies to the north-east and Somersby to the south.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Salmonby is in Northern England.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Salmonby is in Northern England.,{ contradiction } It is not mentioned in the context whether Salmonby is in Northern or Southern England. +"Given the detailed context: 'Adam Best is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"", played by David Proud, the first adult actor with a visible disability to appear regularly in the soap. Both Proud and his character live with spina bifida. The character made his first appearance in the episode broadcast on 10 September 2009 and his last in the one broadcast on 19 July 2010.', judge whether the statement: 'Adam Best was a child in 2005.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Adam Best was a child in 2005.,{ contradiction } It says he was an adult in 2005. Not when he was a child. +" The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans. What language did the Huns adopt? ",What language did the Huns adopt?, East Germanic +" In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the ""Polish Corridor"" between his Prussian and Farther Pomeranian lands and cutting remaining Poland off the Baltic Coast. The territory of Warmia was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia, which, by administrative deed of 31 January 1773 were named East Prussia. The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond the Vistula River together with Malbork and Chełmno Land formed the Province of West Prussia with its capital at Marienwerder (Kwidzyn). The Polish Partition Sejm ratified the cession on 30 September 1773, whereafter Frederick officially went on to call himself a King ""of"" Prussia. In what year was Royal Prussia annexed? ",In what year was Royal Prussia annexed?, 1772 +" The word ""animal"" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, ""animal"" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals and other vertebrates, are meant. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans. The word animal is usually only used to refer to what? ",The word animal is usually only used to refer to what?, non-human members of the kingdom Animalia +" Probably the most influential single device on the interpretation of these characters was the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which was a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option. Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage until the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape. In particular, the Teletype Model 33 machine assignments for codes 17 (Control-Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 (Control-S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 (Delete) became de facto standards. The Model 33 was also notable for taking the description of Control-G (BEL, meaning audibly alert the operator) literally as the unit contained an actual bell which it rang when it received a BEL character. Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as ""delete previous character"" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected. When was paper tape popular? ",When was paper tape popular?, until the 1980s +"Analyze the premise: 'Dean Carroll Jones (January 25, 1931 – September 1, 2015) was an American actor best known for his roles as Agent Zeke Kelso in ""That Darn Cat!"" (1965), Jim Douglas in ""The Love Bug"" (1968), Albert Dooley in ""The Million Dollar Duck"" (1971; for which he received a Golden Globe nomination) and Dr. Herman Varnick in ""Beethoven"" (1992).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Dean Jones Carroll was born on January 24, 1931.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Dean Jones Carroll was born on January 24, 1931.",{ neutral } Dean Carroll Jones is his proper name and he was born on the 25th of January not the 24th. +"Given the detailed context: 'Club Deportivo Aguilar is a football team based in Aguilar de Campoo in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1947, it plays in the Primera Provincial. Its stadium is ""Ciudad Deportiva Alberto Fernández"" with a capacity of 6,000 seats.', judge whether the statement: 'The community of Castile and Leon was founded in 1947.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The community of Castile and Leon was founded in 1947.,"{ neutral } The Club Deportivo Aguilar team was founded in 1947, not the community of Castile and Leon. I think it was difficult for the AI to distinguish which one the date belonged to." +" Chip E.'s 1985 recording ""It's House"" may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music. However, Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association, claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store, where he worked in the early 1980s: bins of music that DJ Knuckles played at the Warehouse nightclub were labelled in the store ""As Heard At The Warehouse"", which was shortened to simply ""House"". Patrons later asked for new music for the bins, which Chip E. implies was a demand the shop tried to meet by stocking newer local club hits. what is the name of Chip E's 1985 house hit? ",what is the name of Chip E's 1985 house hit?," ""It's House"" " +" Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan, although this is not universally agreed upon. His father worked in the government of Samanid in the village Kharmasain, a Sunni regional power. After five years, his younger brother, Mahmoud, was born. Avicenna first began to learn the Quran and literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had essentially learned all of them. What was Avicenna's mother's name? ",What was Avicenna's mother's name?, Setareh +" This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder. What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics? ",What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics?, Strasbourg Cathedral +" A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS. Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s. ",Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s.," Adabas, Oracle and DB2 " +"Consider the premise in: 'The Jargon Society is an independent press founded by the American poet Jonathan Williams. Jargon has published seminal works of the American literary avant-garde, including books by Charles Olson, Louis Zukofsky, Paul Metcalf, James Broughton, and Williams himself, as well as ""sui generis"" books of folk art such as ""White Trash Cooking"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The Jargon Society is currently being published' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The Jargon Society is currently being published,{ entailment } It doesn't say anything about production times or if it's still around +" An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft? ",What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?," carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering " +" A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there. What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais? ",What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?, wine +" The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. The Socialists had governed the region for seventeen years. In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the extreme right National Front. For how many years did the socialists governed the region? ",For how many years did the socialists governed the region?, seventeen +"Consider the premise in: 'Budapest again became the focus of national political drama in the late 1980s, when Hungary led the reform movement in eastern Europe that broke the communist monopoly on political power and ushered in the possibility of multiparty politics.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Budapest was a thriving country in the 80's' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Budapest was a thriving country in the 80's,{ contradiction } it doesn't state whether or not budapest was a thriving country during the 80's or not +"Considering the context: 'Youth in Guatemala are the largest segment of the nation's population. Youth includes individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 Over half of the population is under 19 years old in 2011, the highest proportion of young people of any country in Latin America. The health, education, and work opportunities for young people differ by ethnicity (""ladino"" or indigenous) and social class.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'even though young people are the most populous demograhic in the country, they do not have the same opportunities' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","even though young people are the most populous demograhic in the country, they do not have the same opportunities",{ neutral } it states that the young population has different opportunities based on ethnicity and social class +" Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of plantation owner George Lucas, learned how to raise and use indigo in the Lowcountry in 1747. Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750. Those and naval stores were exported in an extremely profitable shipping industry. What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry? ",What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?, naval stores +" Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government. When do hunting regulations date from in the US? ",When do hunting regulations date from in the US?, 19th century +" In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and protein. During the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Justus von Liebig quarrelled over their shared belief that animals get their protein directly from plants (animal and plant protein are the same and that humans do not create organic compounds). With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology, Liebig grew rich making food extracts like beef bouillon and infant formula that were later found to be of questionable nutritious value. In the 1860s, Claude Bernard discovered that body fat can be synthesized from carbohydrate and protein, showing that the energy in blood glucose can be stored as fat or as glycogen. What can be synthesized using carbohydrates and proteins? ",What can be synthesized using carbohydrates and proteins?, body fat +"Analyze the premise: 'Tony Rena Snell Jr. (born November 10, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Snell played college basketball for the New Mexico Lobos before declaring for the NBA draft after his junior year. He was drafted with the 20th overall pick in 2013 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Tony turned down an offer from another team, before joining the Milwaukee Bucks.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Tony turned down an offer from another team, before joining the Milwaukee Bucks.","{ contradiction } There is no mention of the years between the last two teams he's been a part of, so it's entirely possible he could've gotten an offer from another team during that time." +"Given the premise: 'Count Francesco Baracca (9 May 1888 – 19 June 1918) was Italy's top fighter ace of World War I. He was credited with 34 aerial victories. The emblem he wore side by side on his plane of a black horse prancing on its two rear feet inspired that of Ferrari.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Baracca was 30 years old when he passed away.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Baracca was 30 years old when he passed away.,"{ neutral } Barracca was born May 9, 1888 and died June 19, 1918. The system had difficulty determining age." +" Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar. In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights? ",In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights?, 1992 +"Given the context: 'The Zurich derby is a football match between rivals FC Zürich and Grasshopper Club Zürich. The two teams were founded in Zürich, Switzerland. Grasshopper in 1886 and Zürich in 1896. Grasshoppers are known as the club of the elite and FCZ are known as the club of the workers. The derby is unique in Switzerland as it is the only rivalry between two teams from the same city.' , classify the statement: 'Grasshopper Club Zürich is 10 years older than FC Zürich.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Grasshopper Club Zürich is 10 years older than FC Zürich.,"{ neutral } Founded: ""Grasshopper in 1886 and Zürich in 1896""" +"Reflect on the information in: 'The New England Black Wolves are a professional box lacrosse team based in Uncasville, Connecticut. They are members of the National Lacrosse League and began play in the winter of 2014–2015 at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville. The team is partially owned by the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut, and partially owned by Brad Brewster.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The New England Black Wolves are a team based in the northeast of the USA.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The New England Black Wolves are a team based in the northeast of the USA.,{ neutral } Connecticut is in the northeast of the USA. This was difficult for the system because it does not understand geography. +"Given the premise: 'Logan Phillip Henderson (born September 14, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his role as Logan Mitchell on the Nickelodeon series, ""Big Time Rush"", as well as being a former member of the Big Time Rush band itself. He, along with the band, have won and been nominated for multiple awards over the past few years.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Logan Phillip Henderson used to be a part of the Big Time Rush band back in the 1989' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Logan Phillip Henderson used to be a part of the Big Time Rush band back in the 1989,"{ neutral } He could not have been a part of the band in 1989 since that was the year he was born, the system probably just checked the year and made sure it showed somewhere in the context" +" For collectable or nostalgia purposes, or for the benefit of higher-quality audio playback provided by the 78 rpm speed with newer vinyl records and their lightweight stylus pickups, a small number of 78 rpm records have been released since the major labels ceased production. One of the first attempts at this was in the 1950s, when inventor Ewing Dunbar Nunn founded the label Audiophile Records, which released, in addition to standard 33 1/3 rpm LPs, 78 rpm-mastered albums that were microgroove and pressed on vinyl (as opposed to traditional 78s, with their shellac composition and wider 3-mil sized grooves). This was done by the label mainly to take advantage of the wider audio frequency response that faster speeds like 78 rpm can provide for vinyl microgroove records, hence the label's name (obviously catering to the audiophiles of the 1950s ""hi-fi"" era, when stereo gear could provide a much wider range of audio than before). Also in the late 1950s, Bell Records released a few budget-priced 7"" microgrooved records at 78 rpm. What are reasons for recent releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls? ",What are reasons for recent releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls?, collectable or nostalgia purposes +" The report ""Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ"", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be ""revealed by God"", stating: ""The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith."" What did the document attempt to clarify ? ",What did the document attempt to clarify ?, teaching about Mary in the two definitions +" In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that ""The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no further index updates are planned, as it will be phased out this year"". When were details of the test version of the updated Wayback Machine released? ",When were details of the test version of the updated Wayback Machine released?, March 2011 +" The Crimean campaign opened in September 1854. 360 ships sailed in seven columns, each steamer towing two sailing ships.:422 Anchoring on 13 September in the bay of Eupatoria, the town surrendered and 500 Marines landed to occupy it. This town and bay would provide a fall back position in case of disaster.:201 The ships then sailed east to make the landing of the allied expeditionary force on the sandy beaches of Calamita Bay on the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The landing surprised the Russians, as they had been expecting a landing at Katcha; the last minute change proving that Russia had known the original battle plan. There was no sign of the enemy and the men were all landed on 14 September. It took another four days to land all the stores, equipment, horses and artillery. How many Marines cause Eupatoria to surrender? ",How many Marines cause Eupatoria to surrender? , 500 Marines +"Analyze the premise: 'René Kalmer (born 3 November 1980 in Roodepoort, Gauteng) is a female South African runner who has competed over distances ranging from 800 metres to the marathon. She represented South Africa at the 2008 Summer Olympics, running in the 1500 metres. She then represented South Africa again at the 2012 Summer Olympics, competing in the marathon.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Kalmer was born twenty eight cycles around the sun before she ran a bunch of metres in the Olympics.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Kalmer was born twenty eight cycles around the sun before she ran a bunch of metres in the Olympics.,{ contradiction } It's correct because the text said so. +"With the given context: 'Donington is a large village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 8 mi north from the market town of Spalding on the A152, and is bypassed by the A52. The parish includes the hamlet of Northorpe, and' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Northorpe is smaller than Donington.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Northorpe is smaller than Donington.,"{ neutral } Donington is a large village and parish that includes Northorpe, a hamlet; by including it, Donington must be larger [in size and population]. The system may not understand the concept of 'including'." +" More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance. While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation? ","While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation?", Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable +"From the information in: 'The New Pornographers is a Canadian indie rock band formed in 1997 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Presented as a musical collective of singer-songwriters and musicians from multiple projects, the band has released seven studio albums to critical acclaim for their use of multiple vocalists and elements of power pop incorporated into their music.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The New Pornographers did not release an album in the first year they were together' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The New Pornographers did not release an album in the first year they were together,"{ entailment } This is neither because it gives us no dates on their albums. The system must be confused of something, but I'm not sure" +" In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3 km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to ""prove up"" on a claim to three years. In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation. This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as ""Honyockers"", or ""scissorbills."" Though the word ""honyocker"", possibly derived from the ethnic slur ""hunyak,"" was applied in a derisive manner at homesteaders as being ""greenhorns"", ""new at his business"" or ""unprepared"", the reality was that a majority of these new settlers had previous farming experience, though there were also many who did not. What year was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed? ",What year was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed?, 1909 +" A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health. What does REL stand for? ",What does REL stand for?, recommended exposure limit +" The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22). What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war? ",What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war?, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk +"Given the detailed context: 'Gen. Maza Marquez said that the fact that a payment is being offered for the capture of Pablo Escobar does not mean that other persons accused of being capos of the mafia are not being sought, and that if anyone being held in connection with the investigation of the killing of Luis Carlos Galan is released, that does not mean that the investigations are not proceeding well.', judge whether the statement: 'They will never catch Luis Carlos Galan's killer' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",They will never catch Luis Carlos Galan's killer,"{ contradiction } well the context talks about how they are investigating a persons murder, and I simply wrote that they will never find the killer which with the info provided, is unknown if it will happen." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Bailey was recalled from AHL Rochester on Friday. Bailey's history in the NHL isn't a long one, but he does have a solid track record with the Sabres this season. In just seven games -- with limited ice time -- Bailey has churned out three points (two goals, one assist). The 2013 second-round pick hasn't excelled as much in the AHL circuit this season, but he still has plenty of time to develop at just 22 years old.' , determine if the claim: 'Bailey has only ever played for the Sabres.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Bailey has only ever played for the Sabres.,{ neutral } Players hope to move from the NHL to the AHL. +"With the premise: 'A Long Hike
Martha was in the middle of an extremely long hike. She was super tired and getting ready to give up. At this point she was so far in that turning back was useless. She forced herself to trudge through her laziness. When she did finish the hike, she felt thrilled and proud of herself.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'She is very determined' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",She is very determined,{ neutral } Martha needs to be determined to make it through her hike. This makes my statement correct. The model was probably confused because I used a common noun instead of a proper noun when talking about Martha +" Allied submarines did not adopt a defensive posture and wait for the enemy to attack. Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without help to survivors.[nb 13] At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific the Dutch Admiral in charge of the naval defense of the East Indies, Conrad Helfrich, gave instructions to wage war aggressively. His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname ""Ship-a-day Helfrich"". The Dutch force were in fact the first to sink an enemy warship; On 24 December 1941, HNLMS K XVI torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer Sagiri. What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies? ",What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?," ""Ship-a-day Helfrich"" " +" Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981. While at the game, he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope, with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay. He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept. After solidifying the rules and a business plan, and supplemented with sketches by a professional artist, Foster presented his idea to various television networks. He reached an agreement with NBC for a ""test game"". In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football? ",In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football?, 1981 +" The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova was one of a small corps of female cosmonauts who were amateur parachutists, but Tereshkova was the only one to fly. The USSR didn't again open its cosmonaut corps to women until 1980, two years after the United States opened its astronaut corps to women. What spacecraft carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space? ","What spacecraft carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?", Vostok 6 +"Consider the premise in: 'How to make the most of your time when studying
Develop a schedule that will allow you adequate time to study. Having a schedule makes you see that you have certain things to do and will give you an allocated time that you should be focusing only on your studying. To make the most of time when studying, select the times of day your brain is at its peak performance.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Your brain performs worse during certain times of day.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Your brain performs worse during certain times of day.,"{ contradiction } The context implies there are times of day where your brain is at its peak performance. This means that there must be times of day where your brain is not at its peak performance, and therefore is performing worse." +"Analyze the premise: 'Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Barak Goodman and produced by Ken Burns. The film, in three-episodes of two hours each, is based on the Pulitzer Prize winning 2010 book, """", by Siddhartha Mukherjee, and describes the history of cancer, and cancer treatments, particularly in the United States.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Barak Goodman began directing films in 2014.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Barak Goodman began directing films in 2014.,"{ contradiction } It's never mentioned in the text when he began directing films, so we don't know. It's difficult because the text mentions a film directed by him in 2015, so this information probably confused the system." +"Using the premise: 'Buddy Cannon (born in Lexington, Tennessee, August 9, 1947) is an American country music songwriter and record producer. Active since the late 1970s, he is known primarily for his work as Kenny Chesney's record producer, for which he won the Academy of Country Music's Producer of the Year award in 2006.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Buddy has only worked in the music industry' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Buddy has only worked in the music industry,"{ contradiction } The context only talks about his career in the music industry, therefore it is unknown if he worked anywhere else - it is both correct and incorrect." +" Several campus safety strategies have been pioneered at Yale. The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus. Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior. In addition to the Yale Police Department, a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service. When were the first campus police formed at Yale? ",When were the first campus police formed at Yale?, 1894 +" The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis). Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period? ","Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?", fricative +"Reflect on the information in: 'Late Night
Kia had been assigned a novel to read for English class. She dawdled all week. The night before it was due, she panicked. She had read almost nothing! She had to stay up until almost 3AM to finish the novel.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Kia got an extension and was able to read the novel for two weeks.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Kia got an extension and was able to read the novel for two weeks.,{ neutral } The context says Kia had to read it in one week and then read almost all of it in one night at the end of the week. +" Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla. CDPs have not been established for these areas by the United States Census Bureau, except that seven CDPs were established for the Ketchikan-area neighborhoods in the 1980 Census (Clover Pass, Herring Cove, Ketchikan East, Mountain Point, North Tongass Highway, Pennock Island and Saxman East), but have not been used since. The remaining population was scattered throughout Alaska, both within organized boroughs and in the Unorganized Borough, in largely remote areas. What four areas have not been established as CDPs by the Census Bureau? ",What four areas have not been established as CDPs by the Census Bureau?," Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla " +" After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western Punjab. Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II, likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I. In about 155 (or 165) BC he seems to have been succeeded by the most successful of the Indo-Greek kings, Menander I. Menander converted to Buddhism, and seems to have been a great patron of the religion; he is remembered in some Buddhist texts as 'Milinda'. He also expanded the kingdom further east into Punjab, though these conquests were rather ephemeral. Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I? ",Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I?, Antimachus II +" Seattle has been a regional center for the performing arts for many years. The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world's most recorded and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall. The Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which perform at McCaw Hall (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished, with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of Richard Wagner and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States. The Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras (SYSO) is the largest symphonic youth organization in the United States. The city also boasts lauded summer and winter chamber music festivals organized by the Seattle Chamber Music Society. In what venue does the Seattle symphony perform? ",In what venue does the Seattle symphony perform?, Benaroya Hall +"With the given context: 'From Monday to Sunday is the fourth solo album by English singer-songwriter Nick Heyward. It was released in 1993 through Epic Records and produced two singles, ‘’Kite’’ (#44 in the UK Singles Chart, #4 in Billboard’s Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart) and ‘’He Doesn’t Love You Like I Do’’ (#58 in the UK Singles Chart).' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'From Monday to Sunday did well at the billboards' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",From Monday to Sunday did well at the billboards,{ neutral } #4 +" During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN ""Boomer"" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company. What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads? ",What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?, a U.S. Marine Corps security force company. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Mützig is a beer brand owned by Heineken and its subsidiaries, and was originally brewed in 1810 by of Alsace, France. It is now a 5.5% ABV lager available in 65cl and 33cl bottles. It has a full-bodied taste and distinctive packaging, and is the most successful premium, locally brewed beer in Central Africa. Mützig is considered a flagship African brand.' , determine if the claim: 'Germany's favorite beer is mutzig.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Germany's favorite beer is mutzig.,{ contradiction } There is no mention of Germany so it could be true. +"Given the premise: 'August Perk (October 25, 1897, Lohne / Lingen, Germany; – May 12, 1945, Braunschweig, Germany) was a German Resistance fighter against the National Socialism. His brief friendship with Erich Maria Remarque influenced Remarque's novel ""All Quiet on the Western Front"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The novel ""All Quiet on the Western front"" influenced Erich Maria Remarque to become a German Resistance fighter against the National Socialism.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.","The novel ""All Quiet on the Western front"" influenced Erich Maria Remarque to become a German Resistance fighter against the National Socialism.","{ neutral } Remarque wrote the novel ""All Quiet on the Western Front"" so it did not influence him. Also, Remarque was the novelist not the resistance fighter." +" Earthworms are Oligochaetes that support terrestrial food chains both as prey and in some regions are important in aeration and enriching of soil. The burrowing of marine polychaetes, which may constitute up to a third of all species in near-shore environments, encourages the development of ecosystems by enabling water and oxygen to penetrate the sea floor. In addition to improving soil fertility, annelids serve humans as food and as bait. Scientists observe annelids to monitor the quality of marine and fresh water. Although blood-letting is no longer in favor with doctors, some leech species are regarded as endangered species because they have been over-harvested for this purpose in the last few centuries. Ragworms' jaws are now being studied by engineers as they offer an exceptional combination of lightness and strength. What annelids' jaws are being studied by engineers? ",What annelids' jaws are being studied by engineers?, Ragworms +"Based on the details provided in: 'Sigismund Casimir, Crown Prince of Poland (Polish: ""Zygmunt Kazimierz Waza"" ), (1 April 1640 – 9 August 1647) - was the only legitimate son of King Władysław IV and his first wife Queen Cecilia Renata. He was named after his grandfather Sigismund III, and uncle John Casimir.' , determine if the claim: 'King Władysław IV and his first wife Queen Cecilia Renata had illegitimate children other than the Crown Prince.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",King Władysław IV and his first wife Queen Cecilia Renata had illegitimate children other than the Crown Prince.,"{ contradiction } We are told that the Crown Prince was the fist legitimate son of King Władysław IV and his first wife Queen Cecilia Renata, eluding to their being illegitimate children as well. The AI can not know this from the text." +"Given the context: 'Stainer & Bell Limited is a British publisher of classical sheet music and books, based in London. Stainer, founded in 1907, publish the works of a number of significant twentieth-century composers, including Charles Villiers Stanford, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Herbert Howells. They also publish a number of earlier composers, including Henry VIII, William Byrd, and Henry Purcell.' , classify the statement: 'Stainer & Bell Limited was founded in nineteen hundred ninety two.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Stainer & Bell Limited was founded in nineteen hundred ninety two.,"{ entailment } It was founded in 1907, not 1992. It's difficult because I wrote out the year in words instead of directly." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Italo Calvino (] ; 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the ""Our Ancestors"" trilogy (1952–1959), the ""Cosmicomics"" collection of short stories (1965), and the novels ""Invisible Cities"" (1972) and ""If on a winter's night a traveler"" (1979).' . Does the hypothesis: 'Italo Cavino wrote everything in longhand.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Italo Cavino wrote everything in longhand.,"{ contradiction } I don;lt know, he could have written with a typewriter or not. I doubt the machine knows the tools of writers well." +" The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade). What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape? ",What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape?, European +" In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who notify their respective houses of the governor-general's action. A similar practice is followed in New Zealand, where the governor-general has not personally granted the Royal Assent in parliament since 1875. In what year did the New Zealand governor-general last personally grant the royal assent in parliament? ",In what year did the New Zealand governor-general last personally grant the royal assent in parliament?, 1875 +" The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history? ","Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?", the Modern Period +"Given the premise: 'Baoquan () is a town in Kedong County, western Heilongjiang province, Northeast China, located on a tributary of the Nonni River more than 190 km east-northeast of the city of Qiqihar. China National Highway 202 (G202) passes through the town, which is down the road from the city of Bei'an and the county seat, which lies some 13 km to the south.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Bei'an is the closest city to Baoquan' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Bei'an is the closest city to Baoquan,"{ entailment } The context states that Bei'an is about 13 km away; however, it is unclear if there are any closer cities." +"Reflect on the information in: '""Requiem"" is the seventh episode in the fifth season, and the 101st overall episode, of the American crime drama television series ""NCIS"". It first aired on CBS in the United States on November 6, 2007. The episode was written by Shane Brennan and directed by Tony Wharmby.' . Does the hypothesis: '""Requiem"" aired on another station before airing on CBS.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","""Requiem"" aired on another station before airing on CBS.",{ neutral } The statement says it first aired on CBS. I tricked the bot by not mentioning it airing on a specific other station. +" The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that ""only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears."" The statement that ""discoveries are...property"" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, ""All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years."" In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846. When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property? ",When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?, 1846 +"Based on the details provided in: 'One of Argentina's top Falkland negotiators said Mr Hurd's visit the first by a cabinet minister since the 1982 Falklands conflict meant we are on our way to a broader richer relationship in which the islands are only a part of the relationship not the only issue.' , determine if the claim: 'Mr Hurd is one of Argentina's top Falkland negotiators' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mr Hurd is one of Argentina's top Falkland negotiators,"{ entailment } According to the text, One of Argentina's top Falkland negotiators said Mr Hurd's visit" +"From the facts presented in 'Harold Giles Hoffman (February 7, 1896 – June 4, 1954) was an American politician, a Republican who served as the 41st Governor of New Jersey, from 1935 to 1938. He also served two terms representing 's 3 congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, from 1927 to 1931.' , decide if the statement: 'Harold Giles Hoffman die at age of 5' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Harold Giles Hoffman die at age of 5,"{ neutral } Harold Giles Hoffman (February 7, 1896 – June 4, 1954)" +"Examine the premise: 'How to view fall foliage
Consider the timing of the peak foliage in autumn. The fall color season usually runs from late september to mid-october. [substeps] Fall foliage is determined by a number of factors, including shorter days, colder nights and the amount of moisture in the ground.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Fall doesn't last long enough.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Fall doesn't last long enough.,{ contradiction } Fall doesn't last long enough is an opinion based on no hard fact. I think the machine got it wrong because it couldn't understand that. +"Given the detailed context: 'I interpret the order and the amended order to mean that Your Honor, in a sense, has addressed them as fact witnesses. I don't think you actually come out and use the word ""fact witnesses,"" but as one reads the order, that's the implication. And you initially had indicated that you did not feel that the reporter's privilege stood in this kind of a case.', judge whether the statement: 'I don't think you actually come out and use the word ""fat witnesses,"" but as one reads the order, that's the implication.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","I don't think you actually come out and use the word ""fat witnesses,"" but as one reads the order, that's the implication.","{ neutral } It's definitely incorrect because the text says ""fact witnesses"", not ""fat witnesses"". It's difficult for the system because they are very similar textually." +"Using the premise: 'Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985), born Panagiotis Charanis (Greek: Παναγιώτης Χαρανής ), was a Greece-born American scholar of Byzantium and the Voorhees Professor of History at Rutgers University. Dr. Charanis was long associated with the Dumbarton Oaks research library.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Peter got married to another scholar in 1963.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Peter got married to another scholar in 1963.,{ contradiction } The context about Peter does not describe Peter's personal life in any context. So it is very possible that he did get married in 1963. +"Examine the premise: '""Call My Name"" is a song recorded by Pietro Lombardi from his first studio album ""Jackpot"" (2011). The song is the debut single of the winner of the eighth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar (""DSDS""). It was written and produced by ""DSDS"" jury member Dieter Bohlen. The song was released on May 7, 2011.' and assess if the subsequent statement: '""Call my Name"" was written and recorded by Pierrot Lombardi for his album ""Jackpot"".' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","""Call my Name"" was written and recorded by Pierrot Lombardi for his album ""Jackpot"".","{ entailment } While ""Call my Name"" was recorded by Pietro Lombardi, it was written by Dieter Bohlen, so the statement is definitely incorrect." +" In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will come into estrus, being mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male. Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? ",Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?, two years +" An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such motors are used in devices such as food mixers and power tools which are used only intermittently, and often have high starting-torque demands. Multiple taps on the field coil provide (imprecise) stepped speed control. Household blenders that advertise many speeds frequently combine a field coil with several taps and a diode that can be inserted in series with the motor (causing the motor to run on half-wave rectified AC). Universal motors also lend themselves to electronic speed control and, as such, are an ideal choice for devices like domestic washing machines. The motor can be used to agitate the drum (both forwards and in reverse) by switching the field winding with respect to the armature. What kind of motor can employ both AC and DC? ",What kind of motor can employ both AC and DC?, universal +" Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level. What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain? ",What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?, Black Mesa +"With the given context: 'The Messerschmitt Me 263 ""Scholle"" (plaice) was a rocket-powered fighter aircraft developed from the Me 163 ""Komet"" towards the end of World War II. Three prototypes were built but never flown under their own power as the rapidly deteriorating military situation in Germany prevented the completion of the test program.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Germany was losing the war which prevented a test program for several rocket powered fighter planes.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Germany was losing the war which prevented a test program for several rocket powered fighter planes.,{ neutral } The test program was not completed because of the deteriorating military situation in Germany and three prototypes were never flown because of this situation. +"Given the premise: 'Caroline Milmoe (born 11 January 1963) is an English stage, film and television actress best known for playing Julie in the first two series of Carla Lane's Liverpool-based BBC sit-com ""Bread"" and Lisa Duckworth in ITV's long-running soap opera ""Coronation Street"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Caroline Milmoe is a 56 years old actress.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Caroline Milmoe is a 56 years old actress.,{ neutral } According to her date of birth that would make her 56 but it id difficult for the system to do that type of math. +" For instance, if a transmitter delivers 100 W into an antenna having an efficiency of 80%, then the antenna will radiate 80 W as radio waves and produce 20 W of heat. In order to radiate 100 W of power, one would need to use a transmitter capable of supplying 125 W to the antenna. Note that antenna efficiency is a separate issue from impedance matching, which may also reduce the amount of power radiated using a given transmitter. If an SWR meter reads 150 W of incident power and 50 W of reflected power, that means that 100 W have actually been absorbed by the antenna (ignoring transmission line losses). How much of that power has actually been radiated cannot be directly determined through electrical measurements at (or before) the antenna terminals, but would require (for instance) careful measurement of field strength. Fortunately the loss resistance of antenna conductors such as aluminum rods can be calculated and the efficiency of an antenna using such materials predicted. What would need to be placed into the transmitter to create ten W oh warmth? ",What would need to be placed into the transmitter to create ten W oh warmth? , 100 W +"Given the premise: 'Cruel World is a 2005 American horror comedy film co-produced and directed by Kelsey T. Howard. The film is about a psychotic man who loses a reality game show and subsequently kills the host. He uses the house where the show took place to film his own reality show. In the show, several contestants perform challenges, and the losers are killed rather than being sent home.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The film starred Kelsey T. Howard.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The film starred Kelsey T. Howard.,{ neutral } Kelsey T. Howard was the director and producer. +" For the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular season CBSSN broadcast games are usually on Saturday nights. As the games are being shown live, the start times are not uniform as with most football broadcast packages, but vary with the time zone in which the home team is located. This means that the AFL may appear either prior to or following the CBSSN's featured Major League Lacrosse game. On what channel was the 2013 ArenaBowl broadcast? ",On what channel was the 2013 ArenaBowl broadcast?, CBS +"Reflect on the information in: 'Hipmunk, stylized as hipmunk, is a consumer-oriented online travel company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was co-founded by Adam Goldstein and Reddit co-founder Steve Huffman in 2010. The company focuses on the visual organization of flight search results. It received increased media attention when Google announced its flight search service in September 2011.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Hipmunk is headquartered in a country that borders mexico' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Hipmunk is headquartered in a country that borders mexico,{ contradiction } Hipmunk is headquartered in a country that borders canada +"From the facts presented in 'The Secret of My Success (sometimes stylized as ""The Secret of My Succe$s"") is a 1987 American comedy film produced and directed by Herbert Ross, and starring Michael J. Fox and Helen Slater. The screenplay was written by A.J. Carothers, Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr. from a story written by Carothers.' , decide if the statement: 'The story of the film was written by 1 person.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The story of the film was written by 1 person.,"{ contradiction } The story was written by AJ Carothers, so it was written by one person, the screenplay was written by more than one person though. " +"Given the detailed context: 'The USAC Road Racing Championship was a sports car racing series in the United States held from 1958 until 1962. The series was organized by the United States Auto Club as a fully professional alternative to the Sports Car Club of America's SCCA National Sports Car Championship.', judge whether the statement: 'The USAC Road Racing Championship was held for seven years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The USAC Road Racing Championship was held for seven years.,{ entailment } It was held from 1958 till 1962 that's not seven years. The system didn't recognise the word seven +" Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London. Who was Queen Victorias father? ",Who was Queen Victorias father?," Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn " +" There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34. What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them? ",What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them?, 27.3% +" In Burma the British, under intense pressure, made a fighting retreat from Rangoon to the Indo-Burmese border. This cut the Burma Road which was the western Allies' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists. In March 1942, Chinese Expeditionary Force started to attack Japanese forces in northern Burma. On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division led by Sun Li-jen. Cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their area of operations in occupied territories. Most of the Nationalist guerrilla areas were eventually overtaken by the Communists. On the other hand, some Nationalist units were deployed to blockade the Communists and not the Japanese. Furthermore, many of the forces of the Chinese Nationalists were warlords allied to Chiang Kai-Shek, but not directly under his command. ""Of the 1,200,000 troops under Chiang's control, only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals, and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men. The defeat of this army would do much to end Chiang's power."" The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their offensives. When did the Chinese attack Burma? ",When did the Chinese attack Burma?, March 1942 +"With the given context: 'Thai soldiers have been accused of crossing into Cambodia near a disputed temple where the two sides briefly exchanged fire last year. A spokesman for Cambodia's government said that about 100 troops crossed the border before retreating hours later. A Thai border commander denied there had been any troop movements and said there had been no increase in tension. Thailand and Cambodia both lay claim to the temple area. Despite several rounds of talks, a settlement remains elusive. Soldiers from the two countries have been stationed in the area since the clashes in July last year.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Thigh soldiers have been accused of crossing into Cambodia near a disputed temple where the two sides briefly exchanged fire last year.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Thigh soldiers have been accused of crossing into Cambodia near a disputed temple where the two sides briefly exchanged fire last year.,"{ entailment } Thai soldiers refers to the soldiers of Thailand, while thigh soldier is a nonsensical modification that fooled the system due to Thai and thigh being phonetically similar." +"Consider the premise in: 'Ben Barzman (October 12, 1910 – December 15, 1989) was a Canadian journalist, screenwriter, and novelist, blacklisted during the McCarthy Era and best known for his screenplays for the films ""Back to Bataan"" (1945), ""El Cid"" (1961), and ""The Blue Max"" (1966).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Ben Barzman was writing screenplays when Harry Truman was president of the US' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Ben Barzman was writing screenplays when Harry Truman was president of the US,"{ neutral } My statement is definitely correct because it stated he wrote Back to Bataan in 1945, and Harry S. Truman was US president in 1945. Maybe the system cannot determine what else what happening in the world in the same year" +"Analyze the premise: 'Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 181814 July [O.S. 1 July] 1910 ) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is considered to be the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Victor was 100% French.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Victor was 100% French.,"{ neutral } This person had multiple names, and used an alternate first name from their birth first name, which was used in the question (this makes it difficult). Also, there is mention of this person being partly French, but they're also Russian." +"Considering the context: 'In lending support to what the previous speaker from Peterborough said to a grassroots movement, we are recognizing that the insanity of land mines and the insanity of war that maims hundreds of thousands, indeed millions of people, is something that we must stop and work against.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The speaker was against fighting' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The speaker was against fighting,{ neutral } The speaker was definitely against fighting as he was against war +"Using the premise: 'Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer science, mathematics, and in theoretical physics. He is the author of the book ""A New Kind of Science."" In 2012 he was named an inaugural fellow of the American Mathematical Society.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Stephen Wolfram is the author of several books regarding physics and mathematics.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Stephen Wolfram is the author of several books regarding physics and mathematics.,"{ entailment } We don't know from the given context of any books Stephen Wolfram wrote other than ""A New Kind of Science."" However, the context also does not state that he never wrote other books. It is confusing because the context states that he did write a book, and he was heavily involved in mathematics and physics." +" Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the title Sei-i Taishōgun (Barbarian-subduing generalissimo). By 801 the shogun had defeated the Emishi and had extended the imperial domains to the eastern end of Honshū. Imperial control over the provinces was tenuous at best, however. In the ninth and tenth centuries, much authority was lost to the great families, who disregarded the Chinese-style land and tax systems imposed by the government in Kyoto. Stability came to Japan, but, even though succession was ensured for the imperial family through heredity, power again concentrated in the hands of one noble family, the Fujiwara which also helped Japan develop more. What was Tamuramaro's military title? ",What was Tamuramaro's military title?, Sei-i Taishōgun +"Examine the premise: '""Be Right Back"" is the first episode of the second series of British science fiction anthology series ""Black Mirror"". It was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker, directed by Owen Harris and first aired on Channel 4 on 11 February 2013.' and assess if the subsequent statement: '""Be Right Back"" has existed for over 6 years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","""Be Right Back"" has existed for over 6 years",{ neutral } The system has difficulty distinguishing how far today is from the stated date. +" The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures. The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what? ",The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what?, Dodekatheon +"Using the premise: 'Burning books
It was allie's first day of school. So she decided to burn her books. Allie felt so relieved. She thought she would never have to use them. But to her dismay she realized she needed them for next year.' , decide if the conclusion: 'She purchased the books again.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",She purchased the books again.,{ contradiction } The statement didn't say what happened after she found out she needed them. +" By the Treaty of Paris (1763), France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war (Pondichéry, Mahe, Karikal, Yanam and Chandernagar) but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal (art. XI). Elsewhere in India, the French were to remain a military threat, particularly during the War of American Independence, and up to the capture of Pondichéry in 1793 at the outset of the French Revolutionary Wars without any military presence. Although these small outposts remained French possessions for the next two hundred years, French ambitions on Indian territories were effectively laid to rest, thus eliminating a major source of economic competition for the company. The treaty of Paris return how many esablishment captured by the British? ",The treaty of Paris return how many esablishment captured by the British?, five +"Reflect on the information in: 'Capriole Goat Cheese is an artisan goat cheese producer in Greenville, Indiana. Founded in 1988, Capriole is one of the oldest and most award winning goat cheese producers in the United States. ABC News called it a great U.S.. creamery.The Creamery is Owned by Judith Schad and is based on a 80 acre farmstead of rolling hills in Greenville, Indiana.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Goat cheese first came about in 1988' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Goat cheese first came about in 1988,{ entailment } It says the farm is one of the oldest but doesn't say that it is the oldest. There is no way to know if other farms started before 1988 +" University education includes teaching, research, and social services activities, and it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Universities are generally composed of several colleges. In the United States, universities can be private and independent like Yale University; public and state-governed like the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; or independent but state-funded like the University of Virginia. A number of career specific courses are now available to students through the Internet. What does University education include? ",What does University education include?," teaching, research, and social services activities, " +" The Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant difference between the ijāzat al-tadrīs and the licentia docendi was that the former was awarded by the individual scholar-teacher, while the latter was awarded by the chief official of the university, who represented the collective faculty, rather than the individual scholar-teacher. What type of license is closely related to the ijazat al-tadris? ",What type of license is closely related to the ijazat al-tadris?, licentia docendi +"Given the detailed context: 'He is a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and later joined the Renaissance Theatre Company. He has appeared in many of Kenneth Branagh's films, most recently as Corin in the 2006 film ""As You Like It"". Yuill was also the music composer for ""A Midwinter's Tale"" and ""Swan Song"".', judge whether the statement: 'As You Like It was released in the year after 2004.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",As You Like It was released in the year after 2004.,{ entailment } As You Like It was released in 2006. The system was confused by the year. +" Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically ""Theravadin"", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: ""The Theravadins, then, may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but they do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period."" Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time? ",Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time?, The Theravadins +"Using the premise: 'TPS or Turun Palloseura is an ice hockey team and 10-time champion of SM-liiga and 1-time champion of SM-sarja. They play in Turku, Finland, at the Gatorade Center. In terms of championships, TPS is the all-time most successful team in the 1975-founded SM-liiga alongside with Tappara which also has 10 titles.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Tappara also one a champtionship in SM-sarja.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Tappara also one a champtionship in SM-sarja.,{ entailment } It is neither as there are no facts to back it up. I think that is why it is also difficult. +" Many rescue teams, including that of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan as early as Wednesday. However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) ""it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter."" The Red Cross Society of China also stated that the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food; however it recommended donating cash instead of other items, as it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides. Landslides continuously threatened the progress of a search and rescue group of 80 men, each carrying about 40 kg of relief supplies, from a motorized infantry brigade under commander Yang Wenyao, as they tried to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county. The extreme terrain conditions precluded the use of helicopter evacuation, and over 300 of the Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village for five days without food and water before the rescue group finally arrived to help the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain. What action did the Red Cross recommend ? ",What action did the Red Cross recommend ?, donating cash +"With the given context: 'Harry Brand (October 20, 1895 – February 22, 1989) was an American press agent. Described as ""the mastermind who made Shirley Temple the most famous child star in history, Betty Grable a GI Joe pinup girl and Marilyn Monroe a sex goddess,"" Brand was the head of publicity at 20th Century Fox from 1935 until 1962.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Harry Brand was successful in his job' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Harry Brand was successful in his job,"{ neutral } The context said that Harry Brand is known as the mastermind behind some very successful film stars. He is therefore good at his job. Maybe the system found it hard to understand that ""mastermind"" means that he has successful at a difficult job" +"Given the context: 'Hi! Pristin (stylized as HI! PRISTIN) is the debut mini-album by South Korean girl group Pristin. It was released on March 21, 2017, by Pledis Entertainment, and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. The EP consists of six songs, including the singles ""Wee Woo"" and ""Black Widow"". In order to promote the album, the group performed on several Korean music shows.' , classify the statement: 'Hi! Pristin EP consists of more than 5 songs and three singles' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Hi! Pristin EP consists of more than 5 songs and three singles,{ entailment } It's six songs and TWO singles +"Given the premise: 'Pearse Island is an island in western British Columbia, Canada, in the Portland Inlet, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. The island was first charted in 1793 by George Vancouver during his 1791-95 expedition. It was named by George Henry Richards, captain of ""HMS Plumper"", circa 1860, in honour of William Alfred Rombulow Pearse of the Royal Navy, who had been commander of ""HMS Alert"".' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The island was first charted more than 1 million seconds ago.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The island was first charted more than 1 million seconds ago.,{ contradiction } 1 million seconds is around 11.57 days and it was first charted in 1793. It's difficult because 1 million seconds is an unusual measurement of time and it easily confuses the system. +"Examine the information in 'Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd was a British publishing house with its head office in London. The firm had published books for over 100 years. It became part of the Hodder Education group in 2001. In 2012, Hodder Education sold its medical and higher education lines, including Arnold, to Taylor & Francis. Edward Arnold published books and journals for students, academics and professionals.' Is the statement: 'Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd was a British publishing house with its head office in africa' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd was a British publishing house with its head office in africa,{ neutral } it is in london which isnt in africa +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Letter Black, formerly known as Breaking the Silence, is a Christian rock band that was formed in 2006 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. The band consists of lead vocalist Sarah Anthony; her husband, lead guitarist and vocalist Mark Anthony; and drummer Justin Brown.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Breaking the Silence was formerly known as The Letter Black.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Breaking the Silence was formerly known as The Letter Black.,{ entailment } I wrote this statement backwards. +"Given the detailed context: 'Harold Abraham McRae ( ; born July 10, 1945) is a former left fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds (1968, 1970–72) and Kansas City Royals (1973–87). Utilized as a designated hitter for most of his career, McRae batted and threw right-handed. He is the father of former major league outfielder Brian McRae.', judge whether the statement: 'Harold Abraham McRae died last year' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Harold Abraham McRae died last year,{ contradiction } Its not clear if he is still alive +" On the basis of the expansion and development of Yerevan State University a number of higher educational independent Institutions were formed including Medical Institute separated in 1930 which was set up on the basis of medical faculty. In 1980 Yerevan State Medical University was awarded one of the main rewards of the former USSR – the Order of Labor red Banner for training qualified specialists in health care and valuable service in the development of Medical Science. In 1995 YSMI was renamed to YSMU and since 1989 it has been named after Mkhitar Heratsi, the famous medieval doctor. Mkhitar Heratsi was the founder of Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia. The great doctor played the same role in Armenian Medical Science as Hippocrates in Western, Galen in Roman, Ibn Sīnā in Arabic medicine. When was Yerevan State Medical University awarded the Order of Labor red Banner? ",When was Yerevan State Medical University awarded the Order of Labor red Banner?, 1980 +" As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked. Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters? ",Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters?," Fesco, Gepco and Mepco " +" Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death. Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon? ",Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon?, coffee +"Given the premise: 'The 2017 Macanese general election took place on 17 September 2017 according to the provisions of the Basic Law of Macau. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were directly elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method, while 12 were voted on from the Functional constituency, and 7 from nomination by the Chief Executive.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'In 2017 Macanese election 33 seats were empty.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",In 2017 Macanese election 33 seats were empty.,{ contradiction } 33 seats were available to be taken therefore they were empty. +"Analyze the premise: 'Three Mills Wall River Weir is a weir on the Bow Back Rivers, in the London Borough of Newham, England, near to Three Mills. It was built in 2009, when the Bow Back Rivers were refurbished to make them a key feature of the Olympic Park, London, and maintains water levels through much of the park in conjunction with the Three Mills Lock and sluice on the Prescott Channel.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Three Mills Wall River Weir is the sole feature that that maintains water levels in the Olympic Park in London.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Three Mills Wall River Weir is the sole feature that that maintains water levels in the Olympic Park in London.,"{ neutral } t maintains water levels through much of the park in conjunction with the Three Mills Lock and sluice on the Prescott Channel, not by itself. The system has trouble recognizing when something operates alone or along with something else." +" In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years after menarche, as regular ovulation follows menarche by about two years. Unlike males, therefore, females usually appear physically mature before they are capable of becoming pregnant. Do males or females appear physically mature before they are capable of reproduction? ",Do males or females appear physically mature before they are capable of reproduction?, females +" The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for adults. Children also worked as errand boys, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, or selling matches, flowers and other cheap goods. Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades, such as building or as domestic servants (there were over 120,000 domestic servants in London in the mid-18th century). Working hours were long: builders worked 64 hours a week in summer and 52 in winter, while domestic servants worked 80 hour weeks. On average how many weekly hours did a domestic servant put in? ",On average how many weekly hours did a domestic servant put in?, 80 +"From the information in: 'Steam or smoke is seen pouring from the open manhole in Old Street in a shocking video taken at the scene. A pile of rubble is by the manhole cover as shocked witnesses gather at the scene. One person can be heard saying: “It exploded!” Another can be says: “What the f**k! Oh my God.” A third said: “That was scary. Did anyone get hurt?”' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'There were 4 witnesses' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There were 4 witnesses,"{ entailment } There were at least three witnesses, but there may have been more. " +" Hayek was one of the leading academic critics of collectivism in the 20th century. Hayek argued that all forms of collectivism (even those theoretically based on voluntary co-operation) could only be maintained by a central authority of some kind. In Hayek's view, the central role of the state should be to maintain the rule of law, with as little arbitrary intervention as possible. In his popular book, The Road to Serfdom (1944) and in subsequent academic works, Hayek argued that socialism required central economic planning and that such planning in turn leads towards totalitarianism. Hayek believed the requirements for a socialist economy would lead to what? ",Hayek believed the requirements for a socialist economy would lead to what?, totalitarianism +"Examine the information in 'Blues in Orbit is an album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans, recorded in 1969 and 1971 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Jimmy Cleveland, Howard Johnson, Billy Harper, and Joe Beck. The album was originally released on the short-lived Ampex label as Gil Evans but received wider release on the Enja label under this title.' Is the statement: 'Blues in Orbit was written in 1970.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Blues in Orbit was written in 1970.,{ neutral } The Blues in Orbit was recorded in 1969. +" The expression of genes encoded in DNA begins by transcribing the gene into RNA, a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA, but whose monomers contain the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA also contains the base uracil in place of thymine. RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically single-stranded. Genes that encode proteins are composed of a series of three-nucleotide sequences called codons, which serve as the ""words"" in the genetic ""language"". The genetic code specifies the correspondence during protein translation between codons and amino acids. The genetic code is nearly the same for all known organisms.:4.1 How does the expression of genes encoded in DNA begin? ",How does the expression of genes encoded in DNA begin?, by transcribing the gene into RNA +" The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools. When was the Montana Territory formed? ",When was the Montana Territory formed?," April 26, 1864 " +"With the premise: 'The National List (Italian: ""Lista Nazionale"" ) also known as ""Listone"" (literally ""Big List"") was a Fascist and nationalist coalition of political parties in Italy put together for the 1924 general election, and led by Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the National Fascist Party.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'fascist put italy together' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",fascist put italy together,{ entailment } the national list was a coalition of different parties that put ialy together for the general election +"Given the detailed context: 'Chad Ford is an Assistant Professor at Brigham Young University – Hawaii (BYUH). He is Director of the University's McKay Center and is known for his study of conflict resolution with an emphasis on large group ethnic and religious conflict, as well as for his sports journalism with ESPN.', judge whether the statement: 'Mr. Ford has done extensive research into how conflict can be effectively resolved between individuals from differing ethnic and religious backgrounds.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mr. Ford has done extensive research into how conflict can be effectively resolved between individuals from differing ethnic and religious backgrounds.,"{ entailment } The context statement mentioned Mr. Ford's emphasis was on large group ethnic and religious conflict, but did not mention any research related to individuals." +" The process of selectio resembles eclectic textual criticism, but applied to a restricted set of hypothetical hyparchetypes. The steps of examinatio and emendatio resemble copy-text editing. In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be determined but only approximated. If it seems that one manuscript is by far the best text, then copy text editing is appropriate, and if it seems that a group of manuscripts are good, then eclecticism on that group would be proper. What process is best used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available? ",What process is best used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available?, eclecticism +"Considering the context: 'Everything is a gift from the Almighty. And as I measure the words of the Bible -- and we all do; different people measure different things -- the Koran, the Torah, or, you know, Native Americans who gave me a blessing the other day had their own special sense of connectedness to a higher being. And people all find their ways to express it.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'the Almighty is considered violent' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",the Almighty is considered violent,{ contradiction } We do not know is the Almighty is considered peaceful or violent. There is no general consensus +"Examine the premise: 'Many people are coming to this country for economic reasons. They're coming here to work. If you can make 50 cents in the heart of Mexico, for example, or make $5 here in America, $5. 15, you're going to come here if you're worth your salt, if you want to put food on the table for your families. And that's what's happening.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The word ""Mexico"" has more than 3 vowels' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.","The word ""Mexico"" has more than 3 vowels",{ entailment } It has exactly three vowels. +" In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over succession led to the collapse of imperial Tibet. The period that followed is known traditionally as the Era of Fragmentation, when political control over Tibet became divided between regional warlords and tribes with no dominant centralized authority. When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty? ",When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty?, 821/822 CE +" Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music. What genre of music was influenced by pub rock? ",What genre of music was influenced by pub rock?, Punk music +"With the premise: 'LKF Cup was an annual basketball competition for Lithuanian basketball teams. It is organised by Lithuanian Basketball Federation (Lietuvos Krepšinio Federacija - LKF). Before 2007 LKF cup wasn't ran regularly, but since then its finals are organisised every January, February or March.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The LKF cup will be in January next year' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The LKF cup will be in January next year,"{ contradiction } we know that it is held every january february or march, but we dont know which specifically it will be next year. I think the system has a hard time with months" +" The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as ""g"" in Dutch) shifts to a voiced glottal fricative (written as ""h"" in Dutch), while the letter ""h"" in West Flemish becomes mute (just like in French). As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound. This leaves f.e. no difference between ""held"" (hero) and ""geld"" (money). Or in some cases, they are aware of the problem, and hyper-correct the ""h"" into a voiced velar fricative or g-sound, again leaving no difference. West Flemings pronounce the Dutch ""g"" as a voiced glottal frivative, which would be represented by what letter in standard Dutch? ","West Flemings pronounce the Dutch ""g"" as a voiced glottal frivative, which would be represented by what letter in standard Dutch?"," ""h"" " +"Using the premise: 'Born in Huoqiu County, Anhui Province, Tao Yong (21.01.1913-21.01.1967), whose former name used to be Zhang Daoyong, was the Deputy Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as PLA Navy, also the Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Yong served as the Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army before he served as the Deputy Commander.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Yong served as the Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army before he served as the Deputy Commander.,{ entailment } Yong served as both the Lieutenant General and the Deputy Commander but it does not state which one he served as first. +" High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland. What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? ",What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? , High levels of precipitation +" The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name ""Tanasqui"" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838. Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans? ",Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?, Cherokee +" The 1-mile-long (2 km) Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport; work started in 1812. Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death. In the 1860s, a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport, to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction. Who was the designer of the Plymouth Sound Breakwater? ",Who was the designer of the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?, John Rennie +"Based on the details provided in: 'Laura Ellen Ziskin (March 3, 1950 – June 12, 2011) was an American film producer, known as the executive producer of the 1990 romantic comedy ""Pretty Woman"", and as the first woman to produce the Academy Awards telecast alone, producing the 74th Academy Awards in 2002 and the 79th Academy Awards in 2007.' , determine if the claim: 'Laura Ellen Ziskin has starred at a film what name is ""Pretty Woman"" .' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Laura Ellen Ziskin has starred at a film what name is ""Pretty Woman"" .","{ neutral } Laura Ellen Ziskin (March 3, 1950 – June 12, 2011) was an American film producer, known as the executive producer of the 1990 romantic comedy ""Pretty Woman"" and Ziskin did not play in this film." +" Vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vocalization led to an increase in the number of readings during the 10th century. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from Baghdad, Ibn Mujāhid, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of Mecca, Medina, Kufa, Basra and Damascus. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose seven readers, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven ""ahruf"" (meaning seven letters or modes). Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by Ḥafṣ (d.796) and Warsh (d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud (Kufa, d. 745) and Nafi‘ al-Madani (Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard Quran of Cairo (1924) uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran. Which city corresponds to Asim's recitation of the Quran? ",Which city corresponds to Asim's recitation of the Quran?, Kufa +" Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert. Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate? ",Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate?, Pázmány Péter University in Budapest +" The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two royal duchies in England. It has landholdings throughout the region and elsewhere, operating as a property company, but also exercising the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster. While the administrative boundaries changed in the 1970s, the county palatine boundaries remain the same as the historic boundaries. As a result, the High Sheriffs for Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside are appointed ""within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster"". What does the Duchy of Lancaster operate as? ",What does the Duchy of Lancaster operate as?, a property company +"Given the context: 'El gato con botas (""Puss in Boots"", in English) is a 1961 Eastmancolor live-action Mexican fantasy film. Based on Charles Perrault's ""Puss in Boots"", it was scripted, produced and directed by Roberto Rodriguez, and, starring Santanon in the title role, the film was made by Pelicula Rodriguez S.A. at the Churubusco-Azteca film studio.' , classify the statement: 'The director was from Mexico' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The director was from Mexico,"{ entailment } Although the director has a name of Mexican origin, it doesn't confirm or deny that he was born in Mexico.He could have been born in the United States" +" In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood? ",What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood?, roof +" Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN +2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria) +2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia) +1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan) +1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines) Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country? ",Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?, Nigeria +"Given the detailed context: 'Notley hopeful attacks on women politicians will fade in coming year After a politically nasty year that saw women politicians face a barrage of attacks on social media and angry demonstrators shouting to have them put behind bars, Premier Rachel Notley is optimistic there will be a return to civil discourse. In a year-end interview with CBC News, Notley reflected on 2016, a year that saw hateful social-media attacks against MLA Sandra Jansen, and chants of “Lock her up” directed at the premier at an anti-carbon tax rally in Edmonton.', judge whether the statement: 'Notley reflected on the chants of ""lock her up"" from previous to the year 2016.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Notley reflected on the chants of ""lock her up"" from previous to the year 2016.","{ entailment } It states Notley reflected on the chants from 2016, not before 2016." +" A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204. There is also a pedestrian ferry from the Mayflower Steps to Mount Batten, and an alternative to using the Tamar Bridge via the Torpoint Ferry (vehicle and pedestrian) across the River Tamar. A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location? ",A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location?, Stonehouse + In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010). What is Bern's ranking for the best quality of life? ,What is Bern's ranking for the best quality of life?, the world’s top ten +"From the information in: 'Rocky is a series of boxing films based on the eponymous, fictional character Rocky Balboa, played in each film by Sylvester Stallone. The films by order of release date are: ""Rocky"" (1976), ""Rocky II"" (1979), ""Rocky III"" (1982), ""Rocky IV"" (1985), ""Rocky V"" (1990), ""Rocky Balboa"" (2006) and ""Creed"" (2015). The film series has grossed more than $1.4 billion at the worldwide box office.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Rocky is a boxing film series based on Sylvester Stallone.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Rocky is a boxing film series based on Sylvester Stallone.,"{ entailment } Given the context, Rocky is a film series based on a fictional character named Rocky Balboa, not Sylvester Stallone. I don't quite know why the system got stumped, I felt like that was an easy one." +" The ""photoelectrons"" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect) Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy. What is the term used when photoelectrons act virtually at the same time? ",What is the term used when photoelectrons act virtually at the same time?, multiphoton effect +" Animal tissue consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. Digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, digestive processes release them from the matrix of foods. Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces. What is able to break bonds in ingested molecules? ",What is able to break bonds in ingested molecules?, Digestive juices +"Given the detailed context: 'The 47th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 13 to 24, 1997. The Golden Bear was awarded to Canadian-American film ""The People vs. Larry Flynt"" directed by Miloš Forman. The retrospective dedicated to Austrian film director G. W. Pabst was shown at the festival.', judge whether the statement: 'The 47th annual Berlin International Film Festival did not show any films.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 47th annual Berlin International Film Festival did not show any films.,"{ contradiction } This was a mistake, I re-dead the passage and it seems this was incorrect. Sorry!" +" In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up with banners and slogans despite an official ban. On August 15, 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson. In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made, and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia's transition to autonomy. Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (""A Self-Managing Estonia"") became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means ""miracle"". On October 21, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia. For the first time in years, the blue, black, and white national tricolor was publicly displayed. What was being protested in Estonia? ",What was being protested in Estonia?, new phosphate mines +" The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as ""divs"" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time. With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie? ",With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?, House Master +"Given the premise: 'Marry Him If You Dare (; lit. Mirae's Choice or Future's Choice) is a 2013 South Korean television series starring Yoon Eun-hye, Lee Dong-gun, Jung Yong-hwa, Han Chae-ah, and Choi Myung-gil. It aired on KBS2 from October 14 to December 3, 2013 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 for 16 episodes.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Marry Him If You Dare was on three nights a week.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Marry Him If You Dare was on three nights a week.,"{ entailment } It said it was on Mondays and Tuesdays, which would be two nights a week, not three. The statement was definitely incorrect." +" During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese. Police later discovered that the shots were blanks. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. From April to September 1982, the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. On 9 July, the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard, she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later. Though she hosted US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visited his Californian ranch in 1983, she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her. During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen? ",During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?, Trooping the Colour +" Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large rail networks do not have significant oil reserves and those that did, like the United States and Britain, have exhausted much of their reserves and have suffered declining oil output for decades. Therefore, there is also a strong economic incentive to substitute other fuels for oil. Rail electrification is often considered an important route towards consumption pattern reform. However, there are no reliable, peer-reviewed studies available to assist in rational public debate on this critical issue, although there are untranslated Soviet studies from the 1980s. Can renewable source of electricity be used in mobile power plants? ",Can renewable source of electricity be used in mobile power plants?, unsuitable +" Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that ""There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product."" Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs. What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers? ",What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?," credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs. " +" The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season. Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings. It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership. Outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League (EPL). When do Premier League seasons run from? ",When do Premier League seasons run from?, August to May +"With the given context: '""24 Hours"" is a song by American singer TeeFlii. The song was released on May 12, 2014, by Excuse My Liquor and Epic Records as the lead single from his debut album ""Starr"". It was produced by frequent collaborator DJ Mustard and features American rapper 2 Chainz.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Epic records helped the artist' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Epic records helped the artist,{ neutral } By releasing the album epic records was helping the artist making my statement correct. The vagueness of my statement probably fooled the model. +" By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often ""darker and more menacing"", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music. What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album? ",What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?, In Rock +"Analyze the premise: 'Nathaniel McMillan (born August 3, 1964) is an American basketball coach and former player who is currently the head coach for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He coached the Seattle SuperSonics from 2000 to 2005, and the Portland Trail Blazers from 2005 to 2012.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Nathaniel McMillan starts with an A.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nathaniel McMillan starts with an A.,{ entailment } The name starts with an N. +"Examine the information in 'Boots
Bae ducked into the store out of the rain. Her tennis shoes were soaking wet! Bae looked at the selection of boots the store had. She picked the first pair she saw in her size. Bae bought the boots and wore them out into the rain.' Is the statement: 'Bae threw away her old pair of boots after she got new ones.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Bae threw away her old pair of boots after she got new ones.,{ contradiction } It doesn't mention anything about an old pair of boots or what she did with them. She may have had boots that she threw away when she got home because now she had new ones. There is really no way to know. +" Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were settled in the southern part of East Prussia, now the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 1950 the Olsztyn Voivodeship counted 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-Polonization was pursued throughout the country Most of these ""Autochthones"" chose to emigrate to West Germany from the 1950s through 1970s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish Commission for the Determination of Place Names. How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia? ",How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?, 18.5% +"Using the premise: '""Brooklyn Baby"" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her third studio album ""Ultraviolence"" (2014). It was written by Del Rey, and Barrie O'Neill, while production was handled by Dan Auerbach. The song was released on June 8, 2014, by Polydor Records and Interscope Records, as the fourth single from ""Ultraviolence"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Lana Del Rey released an album in the summer.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Lana Del Rey released an album in the summer.,"{ neutral } June is a summer month, and the singer released an album in June 2014." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Boys Republic () is a South Korean K-pop boy band consisting of five members: Onejunn, Sunwoo, Sungjun, Minsu, and Suwoong. They are Universal Music's first K-pop idol group (also managed by Happy Tribe Entertainment). Boys Republic debuted on June 5, 2013 with the single, ""Party Rock"". Their official fan club name is ""Royal Family"".' , determine if the claim: 'This K-pop boy band is based off of the Korea that is controlled by Kim-Jong Un' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",This K-pop boy band is based off of the Korea that is controlled by Kim-Jong Un,"{ neutral } They are a South Korean boy band, not North Korae" +"Using the premise: 'Barry and Stuart (Barry Jones and Stuart MacLeod) are two Scottish BAFTA nominated magicians and comedians whose work has been seen on television and on stage around the world. The double act are known for their comically dark performing style, for taking as inspiration the accounts of Biblical miracles and faking paranormal phenomena to form the basis for some of their illusions.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Barry and Stuart have worked together an no one else' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Barry and Stuart have worked together an no one else,{ contradiction } There is just not enough information for the AI to be that certain. Maybe it is not used to dealing in absolutes. +" On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners. This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approvals), suburban (51.2% approvals), and isolated cities (51.3% approvals) of Switzerland as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in the canton of Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) of Switzerland rather rejected it. Some news commentators claim that this proposal de facto contradicts the bilateral agreements on the free movement of persons from these respective countries. What was the rejection rate of the quota system by the French speaking part of Switzerland? ",What was the rejection rate of the quota system by the French speaking part of Switzerland?, 58.5% +" At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath. How many roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place? ",How many roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place?, Twelve +"With the premise: 'The Million Dollar Goal is a children's sports novel by American author Dan Gutman, first published by Hyperion Books for Children in 2003. It is part of the Million Dollar series, in which different sports have a competition involving a million dollar reward. In this book, the sport is ice hockey.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Tennis is one of the sports in the Million Dollar Series.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Tennis is one of the sports in the Million Dollar Series.,"{ contradiction } While the series is about sports, Tennis isn't guaranteed to be one of them, or not to be one of the sports involved. I think since it is a sport and the book series is about sports, the system felt it would fall into the category." +" Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints. Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages? ",Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages?, Spanish +"Examine the premise: 'A Bad Girl in Harlem is the second studio album by Danish rock band New Politics, released on May 21, 2013 via RCA Records. The three members moved from Copenhagen to Brooklyn, where the material was recorded. Two singles were released, titled ""Harlem"" and ""Tonight You're Perfect"". Allmusic.com called the album 'hooky, infectious pop'.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'A Bad Girl in Harlem was released 6 years ago' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",A Bad Girl in Harlem was released 6 years ago,{ contradiction } released in 2013 +" In 1578, Elizabeth I granted a patent to Humphrey Gilbert for discovery and overseas exploration. That year, Gilbert sailed for the West Indies with the intention of engaging in piracy and establishing a colony in North America, but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic. In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind. Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584. Later that year, Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail. When was Humphrey Gilbert's second attempt to set sail? ",When was Humphrey Gilbert's second attempt to set sail?, 1583 +" New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded? ",In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?, 1882 +" Adams sent condolences to Donda West's family but declined to publicly discuss the procedure, citing confidentiality. West’s family, through celebrity attorney Ed McPherson, filed complaints with the Medical Board against Adams and Aboolian for violating patient confidentiality following her death. Adams had previously been under scrutiny by the medical board. He appeared on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007, but left before speaking. Two days later, he appeared again, with his attorney, stating he was there to ""defend himself"". He said that the recently released autopsy results ""spoke for themselves"". The final coroner's report January 10, 2008, concluded that Donda West died of ""coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty"". On what show did Adams appear to ""defend himself""? ","On what show did Adams appear to ""defend himself""?", Larry King Live +"Consider the premise in: '× The big bounce, temperatures jump Wednesday and the warmest spell of 2017 is on the way BIG BOUNCE What a terrific Wednesday and how about the jump from the chill in the morning to the warmth in the afternoon! Temperatures jumped over 30-degrees since from early Wednesday morning AM. The biggest rise – in Bloomington (+35°) and Terre Haute (+32°) Dry air and the higher April sun angle add tot he warm up. Wednesday was the 4th straight day above normal.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'The big bounce has a x' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",The big bounce has a x,{ entailment } Not in the name +"Consider the premise in: 'Zuri Lawrence (born June 22, 1970 in Poughkeepsie, New York) is a professional heavyweight boxer best known for scoring a few notable wins over famous boxers but never reaching contender status. He is most well-known for having never scored a knockout win in 44 professional fights.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Zuri Lawrence grew up in the south' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Zuri Lawrence grew up in the south,{ contradiction } not clear where he grew up +" Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events) How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao? ",How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?, 120 +"From the facts presented in 'The 315th Operations Group is a United States Air Force Reserve unit assigned to the 315th Airlift Wing. The unit is stationed at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. The 315th Group controls all operational McDonnell Douglas C-17 Globemaster III flying squadrons of the 315th Airlift Wing. It was activated in 1992, when Air Force Reserve Command implemented the Objective Wing organization.' , decide if the statement: 'The 315th Operations Group was not a book' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The 315th Operations Group was not a book,{ contradiction } The 315th Operations Group was not a dog +"Given the premise: 'The 2009–10 Udinese Calcio season was the club's 15th consecutive and 30th overall season in Serie A. The team competed in Serie A, finishing 15th, and in the Coppa Italia, reaching the semi-finals. The highlight of Udinese's season was captain Antonio Di Natale's excellent campaign, as he finished top scorer in Serie A, or ""capocannoniere"", with 29 goals.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Antonio Di Natale got more than 29 goals in 2009-2010.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Antonio Di Natale got more than 29 goals in 2009-2010.,"{ entailment } It said he reached 29 goals, not that he got more than 29 goals. " +"Considering the context: 'Kim Da-som (born May 6, 1993), better known mononymously as Dasom, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is best known as a former member of South Korean girl group Sistar under Starship Entertainment. She has acted in films and television dramas, including ""Family"" (2012–2013), ""Melody of Love"" (2013–2014) and ""The Virtual Bride"" (2015).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'She acted recently for three years' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",She acted recently for three years,{ contradiction } She starred in three dramas from the years 2012-2015 a period of three years. The model might have had problems with the vague language. +"With the given context: 'Booster Gold (Michael Jon Carter) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Dan Jurgens, the character first appeared in ""Booster Gold"" #1 (February 1986) and has been a member of the Justice League.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Dan Jurgens has created a fictional character before Booster Gold' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Dan Jurgens has created a fictional character before Booster Gold,{ entailment } It did not say Booster Gold is the first character Dan Jurgen created. There is a possibility that he has created one or many character before Booster Gold. +"Examine the information in 'Katie Liu Leung (born 8 August 1987) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actress. She played Cho Chang, the first love interest for lead character Harry Potter in the Harry Potter film series. In 2012, Leung made her stage debut in the play ""Wild Swans"". Leung has an interest in painting and photography and studied art and design at the University of the Arts, London.' Is the statement: 'Katie Liu Leung acted in her first play in 1987.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Katie Liu Leung acted in her first play in 1987.,"{ neutral } It clearly states she acted in her first play in 2012. However, using another year from the passage fooled the model." +" Football is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they lost on aggregate at the quarter final stage to eventual winner FC Bayern Munich. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. Armenia have never qualified for a major tournament although recent improvements saw the team to achieve 44th position in the FIFA World Rankings in September 2011. The national team is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia. The Armenian Premier League is the highest level football competition in Armenia, and has been dominated by FC Pyunik in recent seasons. The league currently consists of eight teams and relegates to the Armenian First League. What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011? ",What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?, 44th +" In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connecticut. The St. Andrew the Apostle Italian Festival has taken place in the historic Wooster Square neighborhood every year since 1900. Other parishes in the city celebrate the Feast of Saint Anthony of Padua and a carnival in honor of St. Bernadette Soubirous. New Haven celebrates Powder House Day every April on the New Haven Green to commemorate the city's entrance into the Revolutionary War. The annual Wooster Square Cherry Blossom Festival commemorates the 1973 planting of 72 Yoshino Japanese Cherry Blossom trees by the New Haven Historic Commission in collaboration with the New Haven Parks Department and residents of the neighborhood. The Festival now draws well over 5,000 visitors. The Film Fest New Haven has been held annually since 1995. In what historic New Haven neighborhood does the St. Andrew the Apostle Italian festival take place? ",In what historic New Haven neighborhood does the St. Andrew the Apostle Italian festival take place?, Wooster Square +"Consider the premise in: 'Forestville Commonwealth is an archaeological site and national historic district located at Earlton in Greene County, New York. The district contains seven contributing sites. It represents the remains of a utopian community built in 1826-1827 as one of three Owenite experiments in New York State.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'There are more than 3 Owenite experiments in New York.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",There are more than 3 Owenite experiments in New York.,"{ neutral } There are 3, not more than. The system has issues with ""more than"" statements." +" Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the fifth year in a row in 2015, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's ""cultural capital"", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom? ",Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom?, Economist Intelligence Unit +" Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition. Who was the first to develop literature? ",Who was the first to develop literature?, Egyptians +" In 1905, Lord Curzon split the large province of Bengal into a largely Hindu western half and ""Eastern Bengal and Assam"", a largely Muslim eastern half. The British goal was said to be for efficient administration but the people of Bengal were outraged at the apparent ""divide and rule"" strategy. It also marked the beginning of the organized anti-colonial movement. When the Liberal party in Britain came to power in 1906, he was removed. Bengal was reunified in 1911. The new Viceroy Gilbert Minto and the new Secretary of State for India John Morley consulted with Congress leaders on political reforms. The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 provided for Indian membership of the provincial executive councils as well as the Viceroy's executive council. The Imperial Legislative Council was enlarged from 25 to 60 members and separate communal representation for Muslims was established in a dramatic step towards representative and responsible government. Several socio-religious organizations came into being at that time. Muslims set up the All India Muslim League in 1906. It was not a mass party but was designed to protect the interests of the aristocratic Muslims. It was internally divided by conflicting loyalties to Islam, the British, and India, and by distrust of Hindus. The Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) sought to represent Hindu interests though the later always claimed it to be a ""cultural"" organization. Sikhs founded the Shiromani Akali Dal in 1920. However, the largest and oldest political party Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, is perceived to have attempted to keep a distance from the socio-religious movements and identity politics. What was the religion of the western half of Bengal? ",What was the religion of the western half of Bengal?, Muslim +"From the facts presented in 'Joanne Froggatt (born 23 August 1980) is an English actress of stage, television, and film. From 2010, she played lady's maid Anna Bates in all six seasons of the period drama ""Downton Abbey"". For this role, she received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2014.' , decide if the statement: 'Froggatt has lost an Emmy award.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Froggatt has lost an Emmy award.,"{ neutral } Froggatt was nominated, but did not win, an Emmy three times; thus, she has lost an Emmy award." +" Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President. In what year did the Milita Act take place? ",In what year did the Milita Act take place?, 1903 +" Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet. Voters have a chance to invalidate their electronic vote in traditional elections, if they wish to. In 2009 in its eighth Worldwide Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked Estonia sixth out of 175 countries. In the first ever State of World Liberty Index report, Estonia was ranked first out of 159 countries. What year did the first internet vote occur in local Estonia elections? ",What year did the first internet vote occur in local Estonia elections?, 2005 + The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission. When were the most recent elections in Swaziland? ,When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?, 20 September 2013 +"With the premise: 'La Commune (Paris, 1871) is a 2000 historical drama film directed by Peter Watkins about the Paris Commune. A historical re-enactment in the style of a documentary, the film received much acclaim from critics for its political themes and Watkins' direction.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Films having political themes were popular in 2000.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Films having political themes were popular in 2000.,"{ entailment } Although the movie La Commune (Paris, 1871) has political themes and was popular, there is no indication that movies with political themes were generally popular at the time of the film's release." +" Himachal is extremely rich in hydro electric resources. The state has about 25% of the national potential in this respect. It has been estimated that about 20,300MW of hydro electric power can be generated in the State by constructing various major, medium, small and mini/micro hydel projects on the five river basins. The state is also the first state in India to achieve the goal of having a bank account for every family.[citation needed] As per the current prices, the total GDP was estimated at ₹ 254 billion as against ₹ 230 billion in the year 2004–05, showing an increase of 10.5%. The recent years witnessed quick establishment of International Entrepreneurship. Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut have rapidly spread. Who is the first state in India to have every family have a bank account? ",Who is the first state in India to have every family have a bank account?, Himachal +"Considering the context: 'Imp Kerr (born June 6, 1980, Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish-French artist living in New York City, mostly known for her fake American Apparel advertisement campaign. She is The New Inquiry's creative director, and runs the blog The New Shelton Wet/Dry.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Kerr was born the year before 1981.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Kerr was born the year before 1981.,{ contradiction } Kerr was bornin 1980 which is the year before 1981. +" The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years. What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game? ",What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game?, 1863 +" Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona. In what densely populated area is it spoken? ",In what densely populated area is it spoken?, Barcelona province +" The capital village of each district administers and coordinates the affairs of the district and confers each district's paramount title, amongst other responsibilities. For example, the District of A'ana has its capital at Leulumoega. The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana. The orator group which confers this title – the Faleiva (House of Nine) – is based at Leulumoega. This is also the same for the other districts. In the district of Tuamasaga, the paramount title of the district – the Malietoa title – is conferred by the FaleTuamasaga based in Afega. What's the paramount title of the Tuamasaga district? ",What's the paramount title of the Tuamasaga district?, Malietoa +" The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in memory studies), Ivan Pavlov (who discovered classical conditioning), William James, and Sigmund Freud. Freud's influence has been enormous, though more as cultural icon than a force in scientific psychology. What was Ivan Pavlov known for? ",What was Ivan Pavlov known for?, classical conditioning +" Among all cities in the Mediterranean part of the European Union, Limassol has one of the warmest winters, in the period January – February average temperature is 17–18 °C (63–64 °F) during the day and 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 16–17 °C (61–63 °F) during the day and 6–8 °C (43–46 °F) at night. During March, Limassol has average temperatures of 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) during the day and 9–11 °C (48–52 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 17–19 °C (63–66 °F) during the day and 8–10 °C (46–50 °F) at night. What is the general temperature of coastal location during the night? ",What is the general temperature of coastal location during the night?, 6–8 °C (43–46 °F) +"Using the premise: 'Russians in Hong Kong form one of the territory's smaller groups of expatriates and a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora. Many Russians from China passed through Hong Kong in the 1950s through 1970s on their way to resettlement in Australia, Brazil, and Canada.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Russians in Hong Kong may be a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora, but they form one of the territory's significant group of immigrants.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","Russians in Hong Kong may be a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora, but they form one of the territory's significant group of immigrants.","{ neutral } Based on the test, Russians in Hong Kong may be a minor portion of the worldwide Russian diaspora and also form one of the territory's smaller groups of expatriates, which shows that the statement is definitely incorrect. I think the system got confused because I replaced some key words from the original text with synonyms and changed the word order in the first sentence of the text." +" In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was ""well-disposed towards Buddhism"", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads, Who aided the Yongle Emperor? ",Who aided the Yongle Emperor?, the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao +" According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase ""divisive person"" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of ""heretic"" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers. What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord? ",What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?, divisive person +"Examine the premise: 'Sweatbees is a compilation album by Louisville, Kentucky rock band My Morning Jacket. It was released as a five-track EP in the UK on the Wichita label in 2002 and a nine-track compilation in Australia on the Spunk label in 2003. On both versions it comprised tracks from the band's second album ""At Dawn"" and two EPs.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The album My Morning jacket received critical acclaim in the UK in the late 90's' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The album My Morning jacket received critical acclaim in the UK in the late 90's,{ neutral } My Morning Jacket was released in 2002 in the UK therefore it is not possible for it to have received critical acclaim in the UK in the 90's. +" Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Mexican Revolution. Originally the monument was to be the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall, but when the revolution erupted only the dome of the senate hall and its supporting pillars were completed, this was subsequently seen as a symbol by many Mexicans that the Porfirian era was over once and for all and as such, it was turned into a monument to victory over Diaz. What was turned into a monument after the war? ",What was turned into a monument after the war? , the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall +"From the facts presented in 'Eduard Schulte ( 4 January 1891 in Düsseldorf – 6 January 1966 in Zürich) was a prominent German industrialist. He was one of the first to warn the Allies and tell the world of the Holocaust and systematic exterminations of Jews in Nazi Germany occupied Europe.' , decide if the statement: 'Eduard Schulte is the only person to warn the Allies of the atrocities of the Nazis.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Eduard Schulte is the only person to warn the Allies of the atrocities of the Nazis.,{ neutral } The context states that he is not the only person to warn the Allies about the atrocities committed by the Nazis. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood in the southernmost part of Oakland, California. Originally a separate town, it was annexed by Oakland in 1909, and today is considered part of East Oakland. It lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m). It contains the Eastmont Town Center.' , determine if the claim: 'Eastmont Town Centre lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m).' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Eastmont Town Centre lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m).,{ neutral } East Oakland lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m) and the Eastmont town centre is in East Oakland. +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Monday Night War(s) is the common term describing the period of mainstream televised American professional wrestling from September 4, 1995, to March 26, 2001. During this time, the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) ""Monday Night Raw"" went head-to-head with World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) ""Monday Nitro"" in a battle for Nielsen ratings each week.' . Does the hypothesis: 'WWF became known as WWE between September 4, 1995, to March 26, 2001.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","WWF became known as WWE between September 4, 1995, to March 26, 2001.","{ entailment } WWF changed its name to WWE, but we don't know if it was during this time period." +"Given the context: 'Gongju National Museum is a national museum in Gongju, South Korea. The Gongju National Museum holds 10,000 artifacts including 19 national treasures and 3 treasures excavated in Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-do areas, especially artifacts from Tomb of King Muryeong.' , classify the statement: 'There are more than 19 national treasures in the musuem.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",There are more than 19 national treasures in the musuem.,{ entailment } There are only 19 national treasures in the museum. +"Given the premise: 'The ""highly confident letter"" was a financing tool created by investment bankers at Drexel Burnham Lambert, dominated by Michael Milken, in the 1980s. Its objective was to enable corporate raiders to launch leveraged buyout (LBO) offers without the debt component of their financing package fully in place.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Drexel Burnham Lambert dominated in the 1990s.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Drexel Burnham Lambert dominated in the 1990s.,"{ contradiction } It's never mentioned how it performed in the 1990s. It's difficult because the text mentions the 1980s and someone ""dominating"" in the same sentence which tricked it." +"From the information in: 'PartyCasino is an online casino first launched in 1997 under the name Starluck Casino before relaunching again in 2006 as a fully integrated platform. The casino offers over 500 games ranging from casino classics like Blackjack and Roulette to a wide variety of online slots.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'PartyCasino requires internet to access' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",PartyCasino requires internet to access,"{ neutral } I have no idea, as this statement was similar to one it guessed appropriately" +" Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods. What does a DCT do? ",What does a DCT do?, spatial redundancy reduction +"Given the premise: 'Kew Bridge railway station is a railway station in Brentford and Gunnersbury, in the London Borough of Hounslow, and is in Travelcard Zone 3. The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway. The station was named after the nearby Kew Bridge.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Kew Bridge is in Kent.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Kew Bridge is in Kent.,{ neutral } The article says that the station is named after the nearby Kew Bridge and the station is located in the London Borough of Hounslow. +" The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device. Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor? ",Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?, Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld +"Given the detailed context: 'Jake Roberts is an English film editor. He is best known for his works on films ""Citadel"" (2012), ""Starred Up"" (2013), ""The Riot Club"" (2014) and ""Brooklyn"" (2015). For ""Hell or High Water"" (2016), Roberts was nominated (among several honors) for an Independent Spirit Award and the Academy Award for Best Film Editing at the 89th Academy Awards.', judge whether the statement: 'Jake Roberts edited films in 2018.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Jake Roberts edited films in 2018.,"{ contradiction } It states some years and movies that he is most known for editing, but it can't be known if he has movies he edited in 2018, or not. I think because there were different years listed, but not 2018, that it was confusing to the system." +"Given the detailed context: 'Hickory Hill, also known sometimes as the Thomas E. Watson House, is a historic house museum at 502 Hickory Hill Drive in Thomson, Georgia. A National Historic Landmark, it was a home of Georgia Populist Party co-founder Thomas E. Watson (1856-1922).', judge whether the statement: 'Hickory Hill is a hill' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Hickory Hill is a hill,{ neutral } Hickory Hill is a historic house museum +" Galicia is quite mountainous, a fact which has contributed to isolate the rural areas, hampering communications, most notably in the inland. The main mountain range is the Macizo Galaico (Serra do Eixe, Serra da Lastra, Serra do Courel), also known as Macizo Galaico-Leonés, located in the eastern parts, bordering with Castile and León. Noteworthy mountain ranges are O Xistral (northern Lugo), the Serra dos Ancares (on the border with León and Asturias), O Courel (on the border with León), O Eixe (the border between Ourense and Zamora), Serra de Queixa (in the center of Ourense province), O Faro (the border between Lugo and Pontevedra), Cova da Serpe (border of Lugo and A Coruña), Montemaior (A Coruña), Montes do Testeiro, Serra do Suído, and Faro de Avión (between Pontevedra and Ourense); and, to the south, A Peneda, O Xurés and O Larouco, all on the border of Ourense and Portugal. Its southern mountain ranges are on the border with which country? ",Its southern mountain ranges are on the border with which country?, Portugal +"Analyze the premise: 'Shanghai is a series of action comedy films based on the characters written by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. The series includes: ""Shanghai Noon"" (2000), ""Shanghai Knights"" (2003), and the upcoming ""Shanghai Dawn"" (TBA). It stars Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson as the Chinese Imperial guard Chon Wang and the American bandit Roy O'Bannon. The series combined has grossed over $187 million.' . Classify the hypothesis: '""Shanghai Dawn"" will premier in 2020.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Shanghai Dawn"" will premier in 2020.","{ contradiction } We don't know when ""Shanghai Dawn"" will be released." +"Consider the premise in: 'Irfan Khoosat (Urdu: عرفان کھوسٹ‎ ) is a Pakistani actor, producer and a well-known comedian. He is famous for his comic role as ""Hawaldar Karamdad"" in the TV series Andhera Ujala in which he portrayed simpleton and blabbermouth character of a low-ranked policeman. He is also known as stage comedian. He also won Nigar Award for his comic role in 1985 film ""Hum se hai zamana"".' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Irfan Khoosat is famous for his role in 1985 film ""Hum se hai zamana"".' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Irfan Khoosat is famous for his role in 1985 film ""Hum se hai zamana"".","{ entailment } He is famous for his comic role as ""Hawaldar Karamdad"" in the TV series Andhera Ujala" +"Using the premise: 'From 1016 to 1030 the Normans were pure mercenaries, serving either Byzantines or Lombards, and then Sergius of Naples, by installing their leader Rainulf in the fortress of Aversa in 1030, gave them their first pied-à-terre and they began an organized conquest of the land.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Between 1016 and 1030 was about 14 years.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Between 1016 and 1030 was about 14 years.,"{ neutral } 1030 - 1016 = 14, therefore the statement ""Between 1016 and 1030 was about 14 years."" is definitely correct. " +"With the premise: '3096 (3096 Tage) is a 2013 German drama film directed by Sherry Hormann. The film is based on the true story of Natascha Kampusch, a 10-year-old girl and her eight-year ordeal being kidnapped by Wolfgang Přiklopil. Northern Irish actress Antonia Campbell-Hughes portrays Kampusch, while Thure Lindhardt plays Přiklopil.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Lindhardt wrote 3096.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Lindhardt wrote 3096.,{ contradiction } It is unknown who wrote the film. The system was confused by the facts of the narrative. +" Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna. The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010. What are the Everglades ",What are the Everglades ," an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula " +" Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The Greek Resistance, one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe fought vehemently against the Nazis and their collaborators. The German occupiers committed numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages in reprisals. In the course of the concerted anti-guerrilla campaign, hundreds of villages were systematically torched and almost 1,000,000 Greeks left homeless. In total, the Germans executed some 21,000 Greeks, the Bulgarians 40,000 and the Italians 9,000. How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation? ",How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?," Over 100,000 " +"With the premise: 'Michael Hestbæk (born May 19, 1969 in Copenhagen) is a Danish Olympic sailor in the Star and 49er classes. He finished 9th in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics, in the Star and in the 49er classes respectively, in 11th at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Star category again and took a bronze medal at the 2012 Star World Championships.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Michael Hestbæk has sailed the world' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Michael Hestbæk has sailed the world,{ entailment } its not clear if he has +" At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but local rulers exercised considerable autonomy. France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Sicily and Cyprus were independent kingdoms, as was the Angevin Empire, whose Plantagenet kings ruled England and large domains in what was to become modern France. Norway came under the influence of England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League. Angevin kings brought the Gothic tradition from France to Southern Italy, while Lusignan kings introduced French Gothic architecture to Cyprus. At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms? ",At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms?, the end of the 12th century +"Given the detailed context: 'The Beaver is a 2011 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and written by Kyle Killen. This film stars Mel Gibson, Foster, Anton Yelchin, and Jennifer Lawrence. This is Gibson and Foster's first film together since 1994's ""Maverick"" and Summit Entertainment's only film to have Entertainment One not distribute it within the UK.', judge whether the statement: 'The film ""The Beaver"", stars Mel Gibson, Foster, Anton Yelchin, Jennifer Lawrence, and Britney Spears. ' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The film ""The Beaver"", stars Mel Gibson, Foster, Anton Yelchin, Jennifer Lawrence, and Britney Spears. ","{ neutral } Britney Spears did not star in the movie "" The Beaver "" . " +" Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. ""If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power"", she wrote, ""we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY."" Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: ""It is not in our custom to annexe countries"", she said, ""unless we are obliged & forced to do so."" To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister. When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by ""fast falling tears"", and erected a memorial tablet ""placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I."" What ended the Russo-Turkish War? ",What ended the Russo-Turkish War?, Congress of Berlin +"From the facts presented in 'Patrick Huston has represented Great Britain at the Olympics, set world records and broken into the world's top 20 in archery. Now the 21-year-old from Belfast aims to win a medal at the World Championships which take place in Mexico City, 15-22 October.' , decide if the statement: 'Patrick Huston will be in mexico for at least a week' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Patrick Huston will be in mexico for at least a week,{ neutral } Patrick Huston will be in the western hemisphere for at least a week in october +"With the premise: 'Almost Sunrise is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Michael Collins. It recounts the story of two Iraq veterans, Tom Voss and Anthony Anderson, who, in an attempt to put their combat experience behind them, embark on a 2,700-mile trek on foot across America. It made its world premiere on the opening night of the Telluride Mountainfilm Festival on 27 May, 2016.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'In the film almost sunrise, two Iraq veterans attempt to relive their combat experiences on a trek across America.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","In the film almost sunrise, two Iraq veterans attempt to relive their combat experiences on a trek across America.","{ entailment } They aren't attempting to relive their experiences, but put them behind them. " +"With the given context: 'Joan Croft Halt railway station was a small halt on the East Coast Main Line (ECML) situated by a level crossing at Joan Croft Junction in South Yorkshire, England. The junction gives access from the ECML to the Skellow line of the West Riding and Grimsby Railway and eventually to Hull, Immingham and Grimsby Docks.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Travelers on the East Coast Main Line stop at Joan Croft Halt railway station some distance away from the Joan Croft junction which gives access to the Skellow line of the West Riding and Grimsby Railway' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Travelers on the East Coast Main Line stop at Joan Croft Halt railway station some distance away from the Joan Croft junction which gives access to the Skellow line of the West Riding and Grimsby Railway,"{ contradiction } From context, I mean from the word ""a small halt"" it seems travelers experience stopovers at different spots while commuting by train and the railway station on the East Coast Main Line seems to be the perfect spot." +"Given the context: 'In the negotiations over the past two years, it is understandable that table 2 union members had no hesitation using their right to strike, which they had obtained on December 16, 1998. So, in a perfectly legal context, the union is exercising its means of pressure by holding rotating strikes across the country since January 18.' , classify the statement: 'Strikes began on New Year's day.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Strikes began on New Year's day.,{ entailment } Strikes began on January 18. +" Imamah (Arabic: إمامة‎) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah. What is the Shia Islam doctrine of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah? ","What is the Shia Islam doctrine of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah?", Imamah +"Using the premise: 'Nick's babysitter
Nick's mom worked in a Head Start classroom. One day Nick's babysitter quit. Nick's mom needed to find a new babysitter. The bus driver offered to babysit Nick. Now Nick rides the school bus all afternoon.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Nick's mom accepted the bus driver as a babysits to Nick.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Nick's mom accepted the bus driver as a babysits to Nick.,{ neutral } The bus driver offered to babysit Nick. Now Nick rides the school bus all afternoon. +" Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past. Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from? ",Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from?, black Geneva gown +" Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus, including 12 official a cappella groups. The Pikers, an all-male group, is the oldest such group on campus. The Greenleafs, an all-female group is the oldest (and only) female group on campus. The Mosaic Whispers, founded in 1991, is the oldest co-ed group on campus. They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums, including Ben Folds' Ben Folds Presents: University A Cappella! The Amateurs, who also appeared on this album, is another co-ed a cappella group on campus, founded in 1991. They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively. After Dark is a co-ed a cappella group founded in 2001. It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording (CARA) awards. In 2008 the group performed on MSNBC during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about Joe Biden and Sarah Palin. The Ghost Lights, founded in 2010, is the campus's newest and only Broadway, Movies, and Television soundtrack group. They have performed multiple philanthropic concerts in the greater St. Louis area and were honored in November 2010 with the opportunity to perform for Nobel Laureate Douglass North at his birthday celebration. When was the oldest co-ed a cappella group at Washington University founded? ",When was the oldest co-ed a cappella group at Washington University founded?, 1991 +" While most Hokkien morphemes have standard designated characters, they are not always etymological or phono-semantic. Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters are commonly borrowed or substituted to represent a particular morpheme. Examples include ""beautiful"" (美 bí is the literary form), whose vernacular morpheme suí is represented by characters like 媠 (an obsolete character), 婎 (a vernacular reading of this character) and even 水 (transliteration of the sound suí), or ""tall"" (高 ko is the literary form), whose morpheme kôan is 懸. Common grammatical particles are not exempt; the negation particle m̄ (not) is variously represented by 毋, 呣 or 唔, among others. In other cases, characters are invented to represent a particular morpheme (a common example is the character 𪜶 in, which represents the personal pronoun ""they""). In addition, some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words. For example, the Hokkien word bah (""meat"") has been reduced to the character 肉, which has etymologically unrelated colloquial and literary readings (he̍k and jio̍k, respectively). Another case is the word 'to eat,' chia̍h, which is often transcribed in Taiwanese newspapers and media as 呷 (a Mandarin transliteration, xiā, to approximate the Hokkien term), even though its recommended character in dictionaries is 食. In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what? ","In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what?", a particular morpheme +"With the given context: 'Halperin v. Kissinger was a court case filed by Morton Halperin against National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, who approved wiretapping Halperin's home and White House office, starting in 1969. Halperin dropped the case after Kissinger publicly apologized on November 13, 1992.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Halperin v. Kissinger was a court case filed by Morton Halperin against National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, who approved wiretapping Halperin's home and White House office, ending in 1971.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.","Halperin v. Kissinger was a court case filed by Morton Halperin against National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, who approved wiretapping Halperin's home and White House office, ending in 1971.",{ contradiction } it says when it started but not ended so that should be marked neither but the AI marked it as starting in 1971 as incorrect instead of ending. +" Regardless of the type of metabolic process they employ, the majority of bacteria are able to take in raw materials only in the form of relatively small molecules, which enter the cell by diffusion or through molecular channels in cell membranes. The Planctomycetes are the exception (as they are in possessing membranes around their nuclear material). It has recently been shown that Gemmata obscuriglobus is able to take in large molecules via a process that in some ways resembles endocytosis, the process used by eukaryotic cells to engulf external items. What part of bacteria cell is used during diffusion? ",What part of bacteria cell is used during diffusion?, molecular channels in cell membranes +" Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called ""Bozo"". Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet and Sikkim also use millet in Chhaang, a popular semi-fermented rice/millet drink in the eastern Himalayas. Further east in China are found Huangjiu and Choujiu—traditional rice-based beverages related to beer. What type of starch is used to make the beer Oshikundu? ",What type of starch is used to make the beer Oshikundu?, sorghum or millet +" On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter. Brown died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown. Ponsonby and Randall Davidson, Dean of Windsor, who had both seen early drafts, advised Victoria against publication, on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair. The manuscript was destroyed. In early 1884, Victoria did publish More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands, a sequel to her earlier book, which she dedicated to her ""devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown"". On the day after the first anniversary of Brown's death, Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son, Leopold, had died in Cannes. He was ""the dearest of my dear sons"", she lamented. The following month, Victoria's youngest child, Beatrice, met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg. Beatrice and Henry planned to marry, but Victoria opposed the match at first, wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion. After a year, she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice's promise to remain living with and attending her. Where did Beatrice meet and fall in love with Prince Henry? ",Where did Beatrice meet and fall in love with Prince Henry? , at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse +"Based on the details provided in: 'How to relieve varicose vein pain
Wear compression stockings. You can find compression stockings at most medical stores and pharmacies. They squeeze your legs, helping increase the blood flow.' , determine if the claim: 'The increase in blood flow will help relieve varicose vein pain.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The increase in blood flow will help relieve varicose vein pain.,"{ neutral } The increase in blood flow is a reason that the varicose vein pain is relieved, but I think the system was fooled because I did not mention that the compression stockings squeeze the legs which causes the increase in blood flow." +" The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a county borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II, creating the City and County of the City of Southampton. After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town? ","After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?", Hampshire County Council +"From the facts presented in 'Adrienne Maloof (born September 4, 1961) is an American businesswoman, television personality, shoe designer and co-owner of the various business holdings of Maloof Companies, which include a 2% stake in the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada; Maloof Productions, Maloof Music and the annual Maloof Money Cup skateboarding event.' , decide if the statement: 'Adrienne Maloof is more than 1961 years old.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Adrienne Maloof is more than 1961 years old.,"{ entailment } Obviously no human can live to be 1961 years old, so it's definitely incorrect. It's difficult because she was born in 1961, so the system must have incorrectly used this information." +"With the given context: 'This is a list of Shetland islands in Scotland. The Shetland archipelago is located 100 km north of mainland Scotland and the capital Lerwick is almost equidistant from Bergen in Norway and Aberdeen in Scotland. The Shetland archipelago comprises about 300 islands and skerries, of which 16 are inhabited. In addition to the Shetland Mainland the larger islands are Unst, Yell and Fetlar.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'There are 300 inhabited islands located in the Shetland archipelago north of mainland Scotland.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",There are 300 inhabited islands located in the Shetland archipelago north of mainland Scotland.,{ entailment } There are only 16 inhabited islands and I mixed up factual numbers in an attempt to confuse the system. +" Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War. Naguib won overwhelmingly and the Free Officers, through their connection with a leading Egyptian daily, al-Misri, publicized his victory while praising the nationalistic spirit of the army. What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda? ",What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?, al-Misri +" Draught beer's environmental impact can be 68% lower than bottled beer due to packaging differences. A life cycle study of one beer brand, including grain production, brewing, bottling, distribution and waste management, shows that the CO2 emissions from a 6-pack of micro-brew beer is about 3 kilograms (6.6 pounds). The loss of natural habitat potential from the 6-pack of micro-brew beer is estimated to be 2.5 square meters (26 square feet). Downstream emissions from distribution, retail, storage and disposal of waste can be over 45% of a bottled micro-brew beer's CO2 emissions. Where legal, the use of a refillable jug, reusable bottle or other reusable containers to transport draught beer from a store or a bar, rather than buying pre-bottled beer, can reduce the environmental impact of beer consumption. How many square feet is 2.5 square meters? ",How many square feet is 2.5 square meters?, 26 +" Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the North American International Auto Show. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest. River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people. Which parade started in 1924? ",Which parade started in 1924?, America's Thanksgiving Parade +" A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though ""Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ..."", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: ""... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated ..."". But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception. What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation? ",What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?, pay for it from own source revenues +" On 3 December, Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca: ""Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead; the second said I was dying; and the third said I was about to die."" He also had problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him. It finally arrived from Paris in December. Chopin wrote to Pleyel in January 1839: ""I am sending you my Preludes [(Op. 28)]. I finished them on your little piano, which arrived in the best possible condition in spite of the sea, the bad weather and the Palma customs."" Chopin was also able to undertake work on his Ballade No. 2, Op. 38; two Polonaises, Op. 40; and the Scherzo No. 3, Op. 39. Who did Chopin send his Preludes to? ",Who did Chopin send his Preludes to?, Pleyel +"With the given context: 'How to handle smart people
Accept that you cannot always be the smartest person in the room. There will probably be people who are able to comprehend certain things easier than you. Everyone is talented in their own way and are good and bad at different things.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'You can always be the smartest person in the room if there are no other people in it.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",You can always be the smartest person in the room if there are no other people in it.,"{ contradiction } It says to accept you cannot always be the smartest person in the room, I just gave an example of when that can certainly be the case." +" In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century. The Grange, for example, a manor built in Toronto, was built in 1817. In Montreal, English born architect John Ostell worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the Old Montreal Custom House and the Grand séminaire de Montréal. What English born architect designed the Old Montreal Custom House? ",What English born architect designed the Old Montreal Custom House?, John Ostell +" Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya. Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics. What are the scriptures on vinaya called? ",What are the scriptures on vinaya called?, vinayapitaka +" These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a ""black"" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as ""black"" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse. What does this aim to stimulate? ",What does this aim to stimulate?," a ""black"" consciousness and identity. " +"Examine the premise: '""That film wasn't too successful, but then 'WarGames,' which was successful, came out right when I won the Tony for 'Brighton Beach' in 1983.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Tony has more than fifty letters.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Tony has more than fifty letters.,"{ entailment } The statement Tony has more than fifty letters is definitely incorrect, as Tony has only four letters." +"Given the premise: 'KAUJ (100.9 FM, ""Oldies 101"") is a radio station licensed to serve Grafton, North Dakota. The station is owned by Simmons Broadcasting Inc. It airs an Oldies music format featuring satellite-fed programming from Scott Shannon's The True Oldies Channel from ABC Radio.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The radio station plays music only from the 50's' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The radio station plays music only from the 50's,{ contradiction } It states that it plays oldies music but does not state from which decades it plays +" State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal ""white tie and decorations"", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light. When was the Grand Service made? ",When was the Grand Service made?, 1811 +"From the information in: 'Song'z U Can't Find is a compilation of Celly Cel's guest appearance on other rappers albums and compilations. The project was released in 2002 for Boss Up Muzik and was produced by Celly Cel, Studio Ton and G-Man Stan. This compilation marked the first Celly Cel album not to chart on any album charts. Guests include E-40, B-Legit, Rappin' 4-Tay, WC, Baby Beesh and C-Bo.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The project was released in 2002, but was not produced by Boss Up Muzik.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The project was released in 2002, but was not produced by Boss Up Muzik.","{ contradiction } The project was released in 2002 for Boss Up Muzik and was produced by Celly Cel, Studio Ton and G-Man Stan, so Boss Up was not the producer. The model might not understand negatives." +" The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? ",Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? , the Yalu River +"Using the premise: 'Landican ( ) is a hamlet on the Wirral Peninsula, England. It is situated on the outskirts of Birkenhead, near to Woodchurch and the M53 motorway. Landican consists of a small group of cottages and farm buildings. At the 2001 Census the community had a population of only 20.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Landican is near London.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Landican is near London.,{ contradiction } It is unclear is Landican in near London or not. The system was confused by the facts in the narrative. +" It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of ""human capital"". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills. What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education? ",What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?, requires knowledgeable managers and engineers +" Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority). How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang? ",How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang?," 1,400 years " +"Examine the premise: 'Marina Prior (born 18 October 1963) is an Australian soprano and actress with a career mainly in musical theatre. From 1990 to 1993, she starred as the original Christine Daaé in the Australian premiere of ""The Phantom of the Opera"", opposite Anthony Warlow and later Rob Guest.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Marina Prior started acting in 1962.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Marina Prior started acting in 1962.,{ neutral } She couldn't have been acting before she was born. +" Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: ""We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully."". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that ""pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists."" Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said ""the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet."" At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake. ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters? ",ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters?, the Chinese embassy +" Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released ""As Long as You Love Me"" as his coronation single while Irene released ""We Are One"". Who won season 13 of American Idol? ",Who won season 13 of American Idol?, Caleb Johnson +"With the given context: 'Halton police are investigating following a break-in at a home on Rockingham Drive on Nov. 20. Police say at some point between 5:30 and 7 p.m., someone forced open the residence’s front door. The intruder stole electronics and jewelry before fleeing the area. No one was home at the time of the break-in and no suspect description is available.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The family was home sleeping at the time of the break-in.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The family was home sleeping at the time of the break-in.,{ neutral } The statement notes that no one was home at the time of the break-in therefore the family could not have been at home sleeping at the time the break-in occured. +" The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer. Its outermost cells are constantly lost; its bottommost cells are constantly dividing and pushing upward. The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is made up of many components, such as bony structures and blood vessels. The hypodermis is made up of adipose tissue. Its job is to store lipids, and to provide cushioning and insulation. The thickness of this layer varies widely from species to species. What does the Hyperdermis consist of? ",What does the Hyperdermis consist of?, adipose tissue +" The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent. The secondary constituents are often called solutes. If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy. If there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary alloy. An alloy with four constituents is a quaternary alloy, while a five-part alloy is termed a quinary alloy. Because the percentage of each constituent can be varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible variations is called a system. In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a binary system, while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system. The matrix and the solvent are other names for what? ",The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?, The primary metal +" Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many Israeli grandmasters and Israeli chess players have won a number of youth world championships. Israel stages an annual international championship and hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005. The Ministry of Education and the World Chess Federation agreed upon a project of teaching chess within Israeli schools, and it has been introduced into the curriculum of some schools. The city of Beersheba has become a national chess center, with the game being taught in the city's kindergartens. Owing partly to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of chess grandmasters of any city in the world. The Israeli chess team won the silver medal at the 2008 Chess Olympiad and the bronze, coming in third among 148 teams, at the 2010 Olympiad. Israeli grandmaster Boris Gelfand won the Chess World Cup in 2009 and the 2011 Candidates Tournament for the right to challenge the world champion. He only lost the World Chess Championship 2012 to reigning world champion Anand after a speed-chess tie breaker.[citation needed] What's a leading sport in Israel? ",What's a leading sport in Israel?, Chess +" In modern color theory, also known as the RGB color model, red, green and blue are additive primary colors. Red, green and blue light combined together makes white light, and these three colors, combined in different mixtures, can produce nearly any other color. This is the principle that is used to make all of the colors on your computer screen and your television. For example, purple on a computer screen is made by a similar formula to used by Cennino Cennini in the Renaissance to make violet, but using additive colors and light instead of pigment: it is created by combining red and blue light at equal intensity on a black screen. Violet is made on a computer screen in a similar way, but with a greater amount of blue light and less red light. What color light is created when one mixes red, green, and blue? ","What color light is created when one mixes red, green, and blue?", white +" Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed State v. Kleypas, the Kansas Supreme Court decision that declared the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional, to the United States Supreme Court. Nebraska's death penalty statute was rendered ineffective on February 8, 2008 when the required method, electrocution, was ruled unconstitutional by the Nebraska Supreme Court. In 2009, Nebraska enacted a bill that changed its method of execution to lethal injection. What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1984? ",What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1984?, Massachusetts +" There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars (""then art disappeared""). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness. Who said ""then art dissapeared""? ","Who said ""then art dissapeared""?", Pliny the Elder +" North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers. After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont. Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill form the Research Triangle, a major area of universities and advanced scientific and technical research. In the 1990s, Charlotte became a major regional and national banking center. Tourism has also been a boon for the North Carolina economy as people flock to the Outer Banks coastal area and the Appalachian Mountains anchored by Asheville. What programs created by FDR helped North Carolina during the Great Depression? ",What programs created by FDR helped North Carolina during the Great Depression?, New Deal programs +"Analyze the premise: 'Nada Surf is an American alternative rock band which currently consists of Matthew Caws (guitar, vocals), Ira Elliot (drums), Doug Gillard (guitar) and Daniel Lorca (bass, backing vocals). Based in New York City and formed in the 1990s, Nada Surf continues to tour. Their eighth album, ""You Know Who You Are"", was a featured release on NPR in February 2016.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Nada Surf released their ninth album in 2016' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Nada Surf released their ninth album in 2016,{ contradiction } It is neither because it simply gives us no information on this. The system only associates their 8th album with 2016 and doesn't consider they could have released another that year +"With the given context: 'ZURICH/BERLIN, Jan 29 (Reuters) - Here are some of the main factors that may affect Swiss stocks on Tuesday: COMPANY STATEMENTS * Gurit Holding said it will enlarge its group executive committee to eight members, from six at present, effective Feb. 1. * LafargeHolcim said it was exploring options for its business in the Philippines, including a potential sale, as the cement giant seeks to further reduce debt by selling non-core assets. ECONOMY Swiss December trade data due at 0700 GMT. (Reporting by Zurich newsroom and Berlin Speed Desk)' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Selling assets can reduce debt owed by LafargeHolcim and result in stock changes.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Selling assets can reduce debt owed by LafargeHolcim and result in stock changes.,"{ neutral } LafargeHolcim said it was exploring options for its business in the Philippines, including a potential sale, as the cement giant seeks to further reduce debt by selling non-core assets. Here are some of the main factors that may affect Swiss stocks" +" Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he ""destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial."" Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. One of Jem's arms is broken in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley. Who rescued Scout and Jem? ",Who rescued Scout and Jem?, Boo Radley +" Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster). How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia? ",How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?, 1.5 +" The patent examiner, Zenas Fisk Wilber, later stated in an affidavit that he was an alcoholic who was much in debt to Bell's lawyer, Marcellus Bailey, with whom he had served in the Civil War. He claimed he showed Gray's patent caveat to Bailey. Wilber also claimed (after Bell arrived in Washington D.C. from Boston) that he showed Gray's caveat to Bell and that Bell paid him $100. Bell claimed they discussed the patent only in general terms, although in a letter to Gray, Bell admitted that he learned some of the technical details. Bell denied in an affidavit that he ever gave Wilber any money. Who declared himself an alcoholic? ",Who declared himself an alcoholic?, Zenas Fisk Wilber +" On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed. The USAMGIK declared martial law. What is the civil disobedience caused by the railroad worker's strike called? ",What is the civil disobedience caused by the railroad worker's strike called?, the Autumn uprising +" A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health. Did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics? ",Did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics?, no +" The American Banjo Museum located in the Bricktown Entertainment district is dedicated to preserving and promoting the music and heritage of America's native musical instrument – the banjo. With a collection valued at $3.5 million it is truly a national treasure. An interpretive exhibits tells the evolution of the banjo from its humble roots in American slavery, to bluegrass, to folk and world music. What musical instrument has it's own museum in Oklahoma City? ",What musical instrument has it's own museum in Oklahoma City?, the banjo +" The deliberate or accidental hybridising of two or more species of closely related animals through captive breeding is a human activity which has been in existence for millennia and has grown in recent times for economic purposes. The number of successful interspecific mammalian hybrids is relatively small, although it has come to be known that there is a significant number of naturally occurring hybrids between forms or regional varieties of a single species.[citation needed] These may form zones of gradation known as clines. Indeed, the distinction between some hitherto distinct species can become clouded once it can be shown that they may not only breed but produce fertile offspring. Some hybrid animals exhibit greater strength and resilience than either parent. This is known as hybrid vigor. The existence of the mule (donkey sire; horse dam) being used widely as a hardy draught animal throughout ancient and modern history is testament to this. Other well known examples are the lion/tiger hybrid, the liger, which is by far the largest big cat and sometimes used in circuses; and cattle hybrids such as between European and Indian domestic cattle or between domestic cattle and American bison, which are used in the meat industry and marketed as Beefalo. There is some speculation that the donkey itself may be the result of an ancient hybridisation between two wild ass species or sub-species. Hybrid animals are normally infertile partly because their parents usually have slightly different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in unpaired chromosomes in their cells, which prevents division of sex cells and the gonads from operating correctly, particularly in males. There are exceptions to this rule, especially if the speciation process was relatively recent or incomplete as is the case with many cattle and dog species. Normally behavior traits, natural hostility, natural ranges and breeding cycle differences maintain the separateness of closely related species and prevent natural hybridisation. However, the widespread disturbances to natural animal behaviours and range caused by human activity, cities, dumping grounds with food, agriculture, fencing, roads and so on do force animals together which would not normally breed. Clear examples exist between the various sub-species of grey wolf, coyote and domestic dog in North America. As many birds and mammals imprint on their mother and immediate family from infancy, a practice used by animal hybridizers is to foster a planned parent in a hybridization program with the same species as the one with which they are planned to mate. What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals? ",What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals?, hybrid +"From the information in: 'They looked for the signs of death at every door -- the sexton , the hearse , the assemblage of black-clad relatives , all that makes up the woeful pomp of funerals .
They raised their eyes , also , to the sun-gilt spire of the church , and wondered that no clang proceeded from its bell , which had always tolled till now when this figure appeared in the light of day .
But none had heard that a corpse was to be borne to its home that afternoon , nor was there any token of a funeral except the apparition of the Old Maid in the Winding-Sheet .
`` What may this portend ? ''' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'some doors were missed when checking for death' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",some doors were missed when checking for death,{ neutral } not every door was checked +"Analyze the premise: 'Caatinga (] ) is a type of desert vegetation, which can also be called Jola Jolilo (Jou-lah-Jouh-Liloy). It is the indian name for the Caatinga, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name ""Caatinga"" is a Tupi word meaning ""white forest"" or ""white vegetation"" (""caa"" = forest, vegetation, ""tinga"" = white).' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Caatinga grows well in a very moist environment.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Caatinga grows well in a very moist environment.,"{ neutral } Caatinga is a desert vegetation. A desert is an area that receives very little rainfall, meaning it is very dry. The system had trouble because it was unaware of the environment the plant needs to successfully grow." +" Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines. According to Eleven magazine, ""In the past, there were only 15 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore."" Expansions were expected in September 2013, but yet again are mainly Thai and other Asian-based airlines according to Eleven Media Group's Eleven, ""Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline"". Can one travel by plane from any country in Myanmar ? ",Can one travel by plane from any country in Myanmar ?, Flights are available from most countries +" Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw. Prior to the semi-finals, fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only. The first six rounds are qualifiers, with the draws organised on a regional basis. The next six rounds are the ""proper"" rounds where all clubs are in one draw. When do clubs above 9 enter? ",When do clubs above 9 enter? , clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages +"From the information in: 'Iron Flowers is an album released by country/folk artist and voice actress Grey DeLisle; her fourth release. It comes in an Enhanced CD format, which includes ""Analog Journey into Iron Flowers"". This enhanced content includes interviews with DeLisle detailing the album's tracks and the recording of them.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The disc includes other audio recordings.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The disc includes other audio recordings.,{ neutral } It includes interviews which is audio recorded. +" In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, ""This corridor [currently] has one train per day connecting communities in Connecticut and Massachusetts to the Northeast Corridor and Vermont. The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served."" Set for construction in 2013, the ""Knowledge Corridor high speed intercity passenger rail"" project will cost approximately $1 billion, and the ultimate northern terminus for the project is reported to be Montreal in Canada. Train speeds between will reportedly exceed 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) and increase both cities' rail traffic exponentially. Funding was awarded to Connecticut in 2010 and 2011 to build what line with a southern terminus in New Haven? ",Funding was awarded to Connecticut in 2010 and 2011 to build what line with a southern terminus in New Haven?, Hartford Line +"Reflect on the information in: 'That there is some resentment of U.S. power. So I think that the idea of humility is an important one. But I think that we also have to have a sense of mission in the world. We have to protect our capacity to push forward what America's all about. That means not only military strength and our values, it also means keeping our economy strong.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Values keep the economy strong.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Values keep the economy strong.,{ entailment } The context listed values and keeping the economy strong separately. I doesn't say whether or not values would keep the economy strong. +" In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored. What happened to the BeiDou-1D satellite that needed to be repaired? ",What happened to the BeiDou-1D satellite that needed to be repaired?, a control system malfunction +" Though researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause. They believe that sexual orientation is not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. That is, individuals do not choose to be homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, or asexual. While current scientific investigation usually seeks to find biological explanations for the adoption of a particular sexual orientation, there are yet no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for sexual orientation. However, scientific studies have found a number of statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals, which may result from the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself. What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation? ",What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation?," a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause " +"Considering the context: 'KENT COUNTY, MI - Northbound U.S. 131 has been shut down at Post Drive after a crash. An Aero Med helicopter is responding to the crash, reported at 10:42 a.m. Friday, Sept. 28. Police and firefighters are at the scene. Firefighters had to remove one of the victims from a vehicle.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'There was a car crash on US 131.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",There was a car crash on US 131.,{ neutral } A vehicle was involved so I'm right. +" The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150–100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been learned from the Babylonians. Devices of this sort are not found again until the 10th century, when a simpler eight-geared luni-solar calculator incorporated into an astrolabe was described by the Persian scholar, Al-Biruni.[not in citation given] Similarly complex devices were also developed by other Muslim engineers and astronomers during the Middle Ages.[not in citation given] What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created? ",What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created?, 150–100 BC +" Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect? ","Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?", Adverse effects +"Examine the premise: 'The Real Howard Spitz is a 1998 family comedy film directed by Vadim Jean, produced by Paul Brooks and written by Jurgen Wolff. Starring Kelsey Grammer, Amanda Donohoe and Genevieve Tessier, it is a Canadian and U.K co-production. A failed detective writer, Howard Spitz has hit rock bottom until an 8-year-old girl helps him write children's books.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Real Howard Spitz was directed and produced by two different people.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Real Howard Spitz was directed and produced by two different people.,{ contradiction } It was directed by Vadim Jean and produced by Paul Brooks. The system was confused by the context. +"With the premise: 'Stanisław Kiecal (September 14, 1886 – October 15, 1910), better known in the boxing world as Stanley Ketchel, was a Polish American professional boxer who became one of the greatest World Middleweight Champions in history. He was nicknamed ""The Michigan Assassin."" He was murdered at a ranch in Conway, Missouri, at the age of 24.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Kiecal had a boxing match in the year 1910.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Kiecal had a boxing match in the year 1910.,{ entailment } He was a boxer and likely still active at that age. The system only knows he boxes and did not factor in when he would box. +"Examine the information in 'Susarion (Greek: Σουσαρίων) was an Archaic Greek comic poet, was a native of Tripodiscus in Megaris (see Megara) and is considered one of the originators of metrical comedy and, by others, he was considered the founder of Attic Comedy. Nothing of his work, however, survives except one iambic fragment (see below) and this is not from a comedy but instead seems to belong within the Iambus tradition.' Is the statement: 'Funny dramatic poetry is the specialty of the Greek poet named Susarion.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Funny dramatic poetry is the specialty of the Greek poet named Susarion.,{ entailment } We don't know if his poetry was both dramatic and contained comedy. +" iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has ""altered the landscape for portable audio players"". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA. Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having ""altered the landscape for portable audio players""? ","Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having ""altered the landscape for portable audio players""?", PC World +" Lancashire has a mostly comprehensive system with four state grammar schools. Not including sixth form colleges, there are 77 state schools (not including Burnley's new schools) and 24 independent schools. The Clitheroe area has secondary modern schools. Sixth form provision is limited at most schools in most districts, with only Fylde and Lancaster districts having mostly sixth forms at schools. The rest depend on FE colleges and sixth form colleges, where they exist. South Ribble has the largest school population and Fylde the smallest (only three schools). Burnley's schools have had a new broom and have essentially been knocked down and started again in 2006. There are many Church of England and Catholic faith schools in Lancashire. How many state grammar schools are in Lancashire? ",How many state grammar schools are in Lancashire?, four +" In 2011, documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi. Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. Later that year she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over twenty years, and was named the highest-paid performer in the world per minute. When did this leak happen? ",When did this leak happen?, 2011 +" This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. Organization has reached global level. For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), ""a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology"", currently contains members from about three dozen nations. What was anthropology diversified into dozens of? ",What was anthropology diversified into dozens of?, subdivisions +" Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station. When was Palma born? ",When was Palma born?, 1978 +" It should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2. In other words, when asked to imitate a two-step action sequence (such as putting a toy car in the base and pushing in the plunger to make the toy roll to the other end), 9-month-olds tend to imitate the actions of the sequence in the correct order (step 1 and then step 2). Younger infants (6-month-olds) can only recall one step of a two-step sequence. Researchers have suggested that these age differences are probably due to the fact that the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed at the age of 6-months. Does a 6 month old have short term memory? ",Does a 6 month old have short term memory?, can recall information over the short-term +" Hunting big game typically requires a ""tag"" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license. What is required when hunting big game? ",What is required when hunting big game?," a ""tag"" for each animal harvested " +"Analyze the premise: 'How to remove a blank home screen in android
Tap the home button to return to your home screens. Pinch the home screen in with two fingers. Use the same gesture as if you were zooming out on a picture or website.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'These actions need to be done on the android home screen to work.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",These actions need to be done on the android home screen to work.,"{ neutral } The prompt specifies an android home screen, so these inputs need to be done on them." +"Consider the premise in: 'Hon. members will know that this official opposition attaches great importance to ensuring that parliament clearly states its intent in any bill that we consider or that we adopt, because if we do not, and the government is often sloppy in this area, we simply hand jurisdiction by default over to the courts, and that has been done far too many times.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Parliament should be replaced with an unelected upper house.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Parliament should be replaced with an unelected upper house.,"{ contradiction } From the context, we do not know whether or not Parliament should be replaced with an unelected upper house, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect." +"Examine the information in 'Club Andino Bariloche is a mountaineering organisation based in San Carlos de Bariloche, in the Argentinian Andes. It was founded on the 13th of August 1931 by Otto Meiling, Emilio Frey, Juan Javier Neumeyer and Reinaldo Knapp, a group of friends who were exploring the region and making first ascents. Emilio Frey became its first president and continued in this role during 30 years.' Is the statement: 'Andino Bariloche is a mountaineering club in the Argentinian Andes, it was founded in 1931 and established its presence on social media that same year' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.","Andino Bariloche is a mountaineering club in the Argentinian Andes, it was founded in 1931 and established its presence on social media that same year","{ neutral } It could not have established its presence on social media in 1931, the internet didnt exist back then. The system probably didnt take that into account. " +"Using the premise: 'The Green Mile is a 1996 serial novel written by Stephen King. It tells the story of death row supervisor Paul Edgecombe's encounter with John Coffey, an unusual inmate who displays inexplicable healing and empathetic abilities. The serial novel was originally released in six volumes before being republished as a single volume work. The book is an example of magical realism.' , decide if the conclusion: 'John Coffey was on death row and was killed in the novel.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",John Coffey was on death row and was killed in the novel.,"{ contradiction } It doesn't say whether he was killed or not, only that he was an inmate. The system must not have understood that his death wasn't specified." +"Given the context: 'The Buffalo News is the daily newspaper of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, located at 1 News Plaza in Downtown Buffalo, New York. The paper is owned by Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway. It was for decades the only newspaper fully owned by that company.' , classify the statement: 'The Buffalo News is released 365 times per calendar year' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Buffalo News is released 365 times per calendar year,"{ contradiction } a daily newspaper is necessarily released every day, the system does not recognize that" +" + Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as ""thugs"". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, ""We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no."" Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics? ",Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?, Wembley Stadium +"From the information in: 'I do. I think that in this 21st century we will soon see the consequences of what's called global warming. There was a study just a few weeks ago suggesting that in summertime the north polar ice cap will be completely gone in 50 years. Already people see the strange weather conditions that the old timers say they've never seen before in their lifetimes.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'the study was on the poler bear decline' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",the study was on the poler bear decline,{ neutral } poler ice caps +" The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns. Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed. What type of sails were first used during this era? ",What type of sails were first used during this era?, lateen +"Reflect on the information in: 'KXST is a radio station licensed to North Las Vegas, Nevada, broadcasting to the Las Vegas, Nevada area on 1140 AM. The station is owned by CBS Radio, and broadcasts a sports talk format as part of the CBS Sports Radio network. The station's studios are located in the unincorporated Clark County area of Spring Valley, while its transmitter is near Nellis Air Force Base.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The KXST station was located in a closer area within Las Vegas, Nevada.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","The KXST station was located in a closer area within Las Vegas, Nevada.",{ contradiction } There isn't sufficient information to suggest whether or not there was an original station or if it had always been in Spring Valley. +" Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.) Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928? ",Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?, Al Smith +"Given the context: 'Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturing company founded in 1886. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the company is listed among the Fortune 500.' , classify the statement: 'I guarantee you this is crazy' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",I guarantee you this is crazy,{ contradiction } looks good +" East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multifamily homes, as well as single family homes. It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. What is NYC's largest park? ",What is NYC's largest park?, Pelham Bay Park +" Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company. Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company? ",Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?, Hiram S. Maxim +"Using the premise: 'Una Lillian Paisley (born 18 November 1922 in Kew in Melbourne in Victoria - died 1977 in Kew, Victoria) was an Australian cricket player. She played twelve Test matches for the Australia national women's cricket team. She captained the Australia national women's cricket team in four Test matches against New Zealand and England.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Una died in Australia.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Una died in Australia.,{ neutral } I think it was difficult for the system because it's common knowledge that Melbourne is in Australia but the logic may not be included in the passage. +"Examine the premise: 'Glaiza Herradura-Agullo (born February 24, 1978) is a Filipino former child actress. She was the first-ever grand winner of the Little Miss Philippines segment of ""Eat Bulaga!"" in 1984. She starred in RPN-9's television series ""Heredero"" with Manilyn Reynes and Richard Arellano. She won the 1988 FAMAS Best Child Actress award for her role in ""Batas Sa Aking Kamay"" starring Fernando Poe, Jr..' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Glaiza Herradura-Agullo is a currently active actress.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Glaiza Herradura-Agullo is a currently active actress.,{ contradiction } The text states that she was a child actress but does not list any roles she has been in after 1988. +" President Kennedy stated in Executive Order 10925 that ""discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin is contrary to the Constitutional principles and policies of the United States""; that ""it is the plain and positive obligation of the United States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin, employed or seeking employment with the Federal Government and on government contracts""; that ""it is the policy of the executive branch of the Government to encourage by positive measures equal opportunity for all qualified persons within the Government""; and that ""it is in the general interest and welfare of the United States to promote its economy, security, and national defense through the most efficient and effective utilization of all available manpower"". Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the United States? ",Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the United States?, Kennedy +" The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as ""conjectural emendation."" But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process. Some of the method's rules that are designed to reduce the exercise of editorial judgment do not necessarily produce the correct result. For example, where there are more than two witnesses at the same level of the tree, normally the critic will select the dominant reading. However, it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading. A plausible reading that occurs less often may, nevertheless, be the correct one. What is the last step in the stemmatic method? ",What is the last step in the stemmatic method?, emendatio +" The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for ""selections"") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry (""pastoral poetry"") of the Hellenistic poet Theocritus. After his victory in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, fought against the army led by the assassins of Julius Caesar, Octavian tried to pay off his veterans with land expropriated from towns in northern Italy, supposedly including, according to the tradition, an estate near Mantua belonging to Virgil. The loss of his family farm and the attempt through poetic petitions to regain his property have traditionally been seen as Virgil's motives in the composition of the Eclogues. This is now thought to be an unsupported inference from interpretations of the Eclogues. In Eclogues 1 and 9, Virgil indeed dramatizes the contrasting feelings caused by the brutality of the land expropriations through pastoral idiom, but offers no indisputable evidence of the supposed biographic incident. While some readers have identified the poet himself with various characters and their vicissitudes, whether gratitude by an old rustic to a new god (Ecl. 1), frustrated love by a rustic singer for a distant boy (his master's pet, Ecl. 2), or a master singer's claim to have composed several eclogues (Ecl. 5), modern scholars largely reject such efforts to garner biographical details from works of fiction, preferring to interpret an author's characters and themes as illustrations of contemporary life and thought. The ten Eclogues present traditional pastoral themes with a fresh perspective. Eclogues 1 and 9 address the land confiscations and their effects on the Italian countryside. 2 and 3 are pastoral and erotic, discussing both homosexual love (Ecl. 2) and attraction toward people of any gender (Ecl. 3). Eclogue 4, addressed to Asinius Pollio, the so-called ""Messianic Eclogue"" uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate). 5 and 8 describe the myth of Daphnis in a song contest, 6, the cosmic and mythological song of Silenus; 7, a heated poetic contest, and 10 the sufferings of the contemporary elegiac poet Cornelius Gallus. Virgil is credited[by whom?] in the Eclogues with establishing Arcadia as a poetic ideal that still resonates in Western literature and visual arts and setting the stage for the development of Latin pastoral by Calpurnius Siculus, Nemesianus, and later writers. Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry? ",Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?, Theocritus +"Using the premise: 'Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell is a 2002 stealth video game developed by Ubi Soft Montreal and built on the Unreal Engine 2. It is the first ""Splinter Cell"" game in the series. Endorsed by author Tom Clancy, it follows the activities of NSA black ops agent Sam Fisher. The character of Fisher is voiced by actor Michael Ironside.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Tom Clancy was involved in the production of the Splinter Cell games by providing some writing.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Tom Clancy was involved in the production of the Splinter Cell games by providing some writing.,"{ entailment } Aside from the endorsement, there is nothing in the text that suggests whether Tom Clancy has done any writing for the Splinter Cell game." +"Examine the information in 'First of all, let me say he's not for a government-run health care system? I thought that's exactly what he and Mrs. Clinton and them fought for in 1993 was a government-run health care system. It was fortunately stopped in its tracks. Secondly, we spend $4.7 billion a year on the uninsured in the State of Texas.' Is the statement: 'There aren't a lot of uninsured people in Texas.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",There aren't a lot of uninsured people in Texas.,{ contradiction } This isn't known. +"With the given context: 'The Doctor is a 1991 drama film directed by Randa Haines. It is loosely based on Dr. Edward Rosenbaum's 1988 book, ""A Taste Of My Own Medicine"". The film stars William Hurt as Jack MacKee, a doctor who undergoes a transformation in his views about life, illness and human relationships.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The Doctor was directed during the 9th decade of the 20th century.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The Doctor was directed during the 9th decade of the 20th century.,{ contradiction } The Doctor was produced in the 20th century. +"From the facts presented in 'The Constitution of Afghanistan is the supreme law of the state Afghanistan, which serves as the legal framework between the Afghan government and the Afghan citizens. Although Afghanistan (Afghan Empire) was made a state in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, the earliest Afghan constitution was written during the reign of Emir Abdur Rahman Khan in the 1890s followed by the 1923 version.' , decide if the statement: 'The first Afghan constitution was replaced.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The first Afghan constitution was replaced.,{ contradiction } The 1890s contitution was later replaced with a 1923 version. +" The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM). Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs? ",Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs?, Red Book +" The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a ""living Buddha"" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors made every attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court, arguing that Tibetan Buddhism was wildly heterodox and unorthodox. Despite protests by the Grand Secretary Liang Chu, in 1515 the Zhengde Emperor sent his eunuch official Liu Yun of the Palace Chancellery on a mission to invite this Karmapa to Beijing. Liu commanded a fleet of hundreds of ships requisitioned along the Yangtze, consuming 2,835 g (100 oz) of silver a day in food expenses while stationed for a year in Chengdu of Sichuan. After procurring necessary gifts for the mission, he departed with a cavalry force of about 1,000 troops. When the request was delivered, the Karmapa lama refused to leave Tibet despite the Ming force brought to coerce him. The Karmapa launched a surprise ambush on Liu Yun's camp, seizing all the goods and valuables while killing or wounding half of Liu Yun's entire escort. After this fiasco, Liu fled for his life, but only returned to Chengdu several years later to find that the Zhengde Emperor had died. Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? ",Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?, Mikyö Dorje +"From the facts presented in 'Fat Mattress were an English folk rock band that formed in Folkestone in 1968. Founded by guitarist and vocalist Noel Redding, during his time as bassist for The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and vocalist Neil Landon, the band was completed by multi-instrumentalist Jim Leverton and drummer Eric Dillon. The band released two albums – ""Fat Mattress"" and ""Fat Mattress II"" – before splitting up in 1970.' , decide if the statement: 'Fat Mattress formed in the year after 1966.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Fat Mattress formed in the year after 1966.,{ entailment } Fat Mattress formed in 1968. The system was confused by the year. +" One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows: What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme? ",What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme?," dionings, urnings and uranodionings " +"Consider the premise in: 'Cloyd Victor Boyer Jr. (born September 1, 1927) is a former right-handed pitcher and pitching coach in Major League Baseball who played between 1949 and 1955 for the St. Louis Cardinals (1949–52) and Kansas City Athletics (1955). He was born in Alba, Missouri. Boyer is the older brother of star major league third basemen Ken Boyer (1931–1982) and Clete Boyer (1937–2007).' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Clete Boyer is a former right-handed pitcher and pitching coach in Major League Baseball who played between 1949 and 1955 for the St. Louis Cardinals.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Clete Boyer is a former right-handed pitcher and pitching coach in Major League Baseball who played between 1949 and 1955 for the St. Louis Cardinals.,"{ entailment } Cloyd Victor Boyer Jr. fits the description of my statement per the context, not his brother Ken. The system failed to see that I switched the bothers and their careers around." +" Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks ""lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen"". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners. How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.? ",How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.?," collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, " +"Examine the information in 'Nicole Poolman is a Republican member of the North Dakota Senate, representing the 33rd district. Poolman was first elected in 2012, defeating Democrat Warren Emmer. In the 2016 North Dakota gubernatorial election, she was chosen the running mate for Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem. Poolman currently works as a high school English teacher in Bismarck.' Is the statement: 'Nicole Poolman worked in education before she was elected to the North Dakota Senate in 2012.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Nicole Poolman worked in education before she was elected to the North Dakota Senate in 2012.,"{ entailment } Based on the context, my statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because no mention is made of Nicole Poolman's vocation before she was elected to the North Dakota Senate in 2012." +"Using the premise: 'The Russia House is a spy novel by John le Carré published in 1989. The title refers to the nickname given to the portion of the British Secret Intelligence Service that was devoted to spying on the Soviet Union. A film based on the novel was released in 1990 starring Sean Connery and Michelle Pfeiffer, and directed by Fred Schepisi. The BBC produced a radio play starring Tom Baker.' , decide if the conclusion: 'John le Carré was born in Russia.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",John le Carré was born in Russia.,"{ contradiction } We don't know for sure where he was born because it's never mentioned, therefore it's neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. The system probably got confused because Russia and Britain are also mentioned in the sentence as John, so it might have not known how to answer." +" The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English merchant captain. Martin landed six cannons from his vessel, the Elias Andrews, and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour. With only twenty-three men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships. The English government planned to expand these fortifications (Fort William) in around 1689, but actual construction didn't begin until after the French admiral Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captured and destroyed the town in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign (1696). When 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697 they found nothing but rubble where the town and fortifications had stood. How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673? ",How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673?, twenty-three +"Reflect on the information in: 'Stations of the Cross is a Johnny Thunders album recorded over two sets at The Mudd Club in New York on September 30, 1982. Film director Lech Kowalski had originally planned to record a live Johnny Thunders performance for his movie, ""Stations of the Cross."" The spoken dialogue was recorded at the Carlton Arms Hotel, New York City, in Room 29, on August 25, 1982.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Lech Kowalski recorded the album Stations of the Cross.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Lech Kowalski recorded the album Stations of the Cross.,{ entailment } Johnny Thunder recorded the album. +" However, the classification of madaris as ""universities"" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, including the natural sciences, philosophy and literary studies, were only treated ""ancillary"" to the study of the Sharia. For example, a natural science like astronomy was only studied (if at all) to supply religious needs, like the time for prayer. This is why Ptolemaic astronomy was considered adequate, and is still taught in some modern day madaris. The Islamic law undergraduate degree from al-Azhar, the most prestigious madrasa, was traditionally granted without final examinations, but on the basis of the students' attentive attendance to courses. In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a ""personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one"". What scientific discipline is still taught in modern madaris? ",What scientific discipline is still taught in modern madaris?, Ptolemaic astronomy +" Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941. How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries? ",How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?, 4.3 million casualties +"Based on the details provided in: 'Taylor Got a job.
Taylor just turned 16 and needed a job. He applied at all the burger joints in town with no luck. He then tried to go a placement agency. Once he turned in his application he was called back by a company. He is now working at a factory part time.' , determine if the claim: 'Taylor volunteered at a factory part time.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Taylor volunteered at a factory part time.,"{ neutral } It belongs in the incorrect category because Taylor worked at the factory part time, not volunteered. I think it gave the system problems because it might not know the difference between work and volunteer." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Mark Arm (born Mark Thomas McLaughlin, February 21, 1962) is the vocalist for the grunge band Mudhoney. His former group, Green River, is one of the first grunge bands, along with Malfunkshun, Soundgarden, Skin Yard, the U-Men, and others. He is also the manager of the Sub Pop warehouse and previously worked at Fantagraphics Books.' , determine if the claim: 'Green River was founded before Soundgarden.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Green River was founded before Soundgarden.,"{ entailment } The context lists both bands as being among the first grunge bands, but doesn't specify which came first. I think that the system had trouble with this because there was no definite timeline in the context." +" The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region. Which areas have arid regions? ",Which areas have arid regions?, The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau +"Given the premise: 'Kumasi International Airport (IATA: KMS, ICAO: DGSI) is an international airport in Ghana serving Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti Region. It is the busiest airport on the Ashantiland Peninsula. Kumasi International Airport is located 6 kilometres (4 mi) from Kumasi.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'When someone visits Ghana they land at Kumasi International Airport.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",When someone visits Ghana they land at Kumasi International Airport.,{ entailment } There are several airports in Ghana and there is no way to know whether guests landed at Kumasi Airport or not. +" Melatonin is absent from the system or undetectably low during daytime. Its onset in dim light, dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), at roughly 21:00 (9 p.m.) can be measured in the blood or the saliva. Its major metabolite can also be measured in morning urine. Both DLMO and the midpoint (in time) of the presence of the hormone in the blood or saliva have been used as circadian markers. However, newer research indicates that the melatonin offset may be the more reliable marker. Benloucif et al. found that melatonin phase markers were more stable and more highly correlated with the timing of sleep than the core temperature minimum. They found that both sleep offset and melatonin offset are more strongly correlated with phase markers than the onset of sleep. In addition, the declining phase of the melatonin levels is more reliable and stable than the termination of melatonin synthesis. What are the more reliable markers in determining sleep timing? ",What are the more reliable markers in determining sleep timing?, melatonin phase +"Considering the context: 'Payless Car Rental, Inc. is a car rental company owned by Avis Budget Group and headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida. While mainly a franchise system, the company owns and operates several corporate locations. Payless Car Rental, Payless Car Sales, Payless Parking and REZlink International are sister companies under the umbrella of Avalon Global Group.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Payless Care Sales is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.","Payless Care Sales is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida.","{ contradiction } Avalon Global Group owns Payless Care Sales and all of it's sister companies including Payless Car Rental that is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida." +" The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22. The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish. What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish? ",What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish?, one-third +" The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. What does MoD stand for? ",What does MoD stand for?, Ministry of Defence +"With the given context: 'How to make a putt under pressure
Make sure you hit the green, preferably on the upslope as close to the hole as possible. You want to give yourself a make-able putt if a tournament is on the line. Aim towards the hole and try to hit your shot onto the upslope because they are easier putts to make opposed to downhill putts.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Upslope putts are simple to do' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Upslope putts are simple to do,"{ entailment } They're easier, but it doesn't mean they're simple" +" In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest. The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients. What was believed to have created a financial conflict of interest? ",What was believed to have created a financial conflict of interest?, moral outrage over industry malfeasance +"From the information in: 'Michael Gregory Mizanin (born October 8, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, reality television star, and actor. He is signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name The Miz and is the current Intercontinental Champion in his seventh reign.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'He is signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name The Miz and is the future Intercontinental Champion in his eighth reign.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","He is signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name The Miz and is the future Intercontinental Champion in his eighth reign.",{ contradiction } In the context we don't know if he is the champion in the 8th reign. +" Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virulence, and adaptive metabolic functions. Although horizontal gene transfer is rare in eukaryotes, likely examples have been identified of protist and alga genomes containing genes of bacterial origin. In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes? ",In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes?, prokaryotes +" Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Borchetta was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season. The mentors regularly bring in guest mentors to aid them, including Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, and current judge Harry Connick, Jr.. Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15? ",Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?, Scott Borchetta +"Consider the premise in: 'Alan Merrill (born Allan Preston Sachs; February 19, 1951) is an American vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, actor and model. In the early 1970s Merrill was the first westerner to achieve pop star status in Japan. He is the lead singer of the first ever released version and co-author of the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" by the Arrows in 1975.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Alan Merril wrote the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" by the Arrows in 1975.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.","Alan Merril wrote the song ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll"" by the Arrows in 1975.","{ contradiction } Although he is a co-author, Alan Merril was responsible for writing the song, ""I Love Rock 'n' Roll""." +"Given the premise: 'Everything for charity
Norman believed a lot in charity. He liked to go from door to door and ask for money. Until one day a man shoved him on the doormat and scared him. Norman since then doesn't go from door to door. He calls people on the phone instead.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Norman donates his own money to charity.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Norman donates his own money to charity.,{ contradiction } It stated that Norman asked people for money no idea if he donated money as well. +" Nueva Vizcaya (New Biscay) was the first province of northern New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua. The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and encountered fierce resistance from the Conchos tribe, but the desire of the Spanish Crown to transform the region into a bustling mining center led to a strong strategy to control the area. The conquest of the territory lasted nearly how long? ",The conquest of the territory lasted nearly how long?, one century +"Based on the details provided in: 'RICE COUNTY, Kan. (KSNW) – Rice County fire crews are on the scene of a building fire at the Jacam Chemical facility. According to Rice County officials, at least four fire departments are battling the blaze at the north plant. Ave Q is closed from K-14 to 18th according to Rice County Emergency Communications. All employees are accounted for and safe. KSNT News’ sister station KSNW-TV has a crew near the scene.' , determine if the claim: 'There are at least two fire departments battling a fire in a Jacam Chemical facility plant.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",There are at least two fire departments battling a fire in a Jacam Chemical facility plant.,"{ contradiction } The context says ""at least four"" fire departments are battling the fire, so it is also correct that ""at least two"" are battling it. " +" Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is largely shielded from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the Cascade Range. Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain. This reputation stems from the frequency of light precipitation in the fall, winter, and spring. In an average year, at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of precipitation falls on 150 days, more than nearly all U.S. cities east of the Rocky Mountains. It is cloudy 201 days out of the year and partly cloudy 93 days. Official weather and climatic data is collected at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, located about 19 km (12 mi) south of downtown in the city of SeaTac, which is at a higher elevation, and records more cloudy days and fewer partly cloudy days per year. What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area? ",What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area?, Temperature extremes +" Under anaerobic conditions, iron and steel alloys are slowly oxidized by the protons of water concomitantly reduced in molecular hydrogen (H +2). The anaerobic corrosion of iron leads first to the formation of ferrous hydroxide (green rust) and can be described by the following reaction: What condition is iron and steel alloys slowly oxidized? ",What condition is iron and steel alloys slowly oxidized?, anaerobic +" After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. Treaties and their amendments must follow the official legal procedures of what body after their adoption? ",Treaties and their amendments must follow the official legal procedures of what body after their adoption?, the United Nations +" One check on a magistrate's power was his collegiality. Each magisterial office would be held concurrently by at least two people. Another such check was provocatio. Provocatio was a primordial form of due process. It was a precursor to habeas corpus. If any magistrate tried to use the powers of the state against a citizen, that citizen could appeal the decision of the magistrate to a tribune. In addition, once a magistrate's one-year term of office expired, he would have to wait ten years before serving in that office again. This created problems for some consuls and praetors, and these magistrates would occasionally have their imperium extended. In effect, they would retain the powers of the office (as a promagistrate), without officially holding that office. Who would a Roman go see in an attempt to reverse the decision of a magistrate? ",Who would a Roman go see in an attempt to reverse the decision of a magistrate?, a tribune +" 6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum ""man is the measure of all things"" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule. Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females? ",Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?, Epicurus +"Given the detailed context: 'The Yankees split Hollywood with something to feel OK about after last night's 5-4 loss to the Dodgers.', judge whether the statement: 'The Yankees have lost games by less than two points.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The Yankees have lost games by less than two points.,"{ neutral } They lost the game by one point, which is less than two points. My statement is correct. " +" La Diablada Carnival takes place in Oruro in central Bolivia. It is celebrated in honor of the miners' patron saint, Vírgen de Socavon (the Virgin of the Tunnels). Over 50 parade groups dance, sing and play music over a five kilometre-long course. Participants dress up as demons, devils, angels, Incas and Spanish conquistadors. Dances include caporales and tinkus. The parade runs from morning until late at night, 18 hours a day, 3 days before Ash Wednesday. It was declared the 2001 ""Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"" for UNESCO. Throughout the country celebrations are held involving traditional rhythms and water parties. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, on the east side of the country, tropical weather allows a Brazilian-type Carnival, with Comparsas dancing traditional songs in matching uniforms. Who is the miners' patron saint? ",Who is the miners' patron saint?, Vírgen de Socavon +" Since the end of the Second World War, France has become an ethnically diverse country. Today, approximately five percent of the French population is non-European and non-white. This does not approach the number of non-white citizens in the United States (roughly 28–37%, depending on how Latinos are classified; see Demographics of the United States). Nevertheless, it amounts to at least three million people, and has forced the issues of ethnic diversity onto the French policy agenda. France has developed an approach to dealing with ethnic problems that stands in contrast to that of many advanced, industrialized countries. Unlike the United States, Britain, or even the Netherlands, France maintains a ""color-blind"" model of public policy. This means that it targets virtually no policies directly at racial or ethnic groups. Instead, it uses geographic or class criteria to address issues of social inequalities. It has, however, developed an extensive anti-racist policy repertoire since the early 1970s. Until recently, French policies focused primarily on issues of hate speech—going much further than their American counterparts—and relatively less on issues of discrimination in jobs, housing, and in provision of goods and services. What is the number of non-white citizens in the United States? ",What is the number of non-white citizens in the United States?, roughly 28–37% +"Examine the premise: 'Ira Heiden (born September 22, 1966) is an American television and film actor, perhaps best known for his role in the 1987 horror film """" as Will Stanton. Ira's other film roles include the 1988 film ""Elvira, Mistress of the Dark"" and his most recent film is the 1996 film ""Timelock"".' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Ira Heiden is a scientist' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Ira Heiden is a scientist,{ neutral } Ira Heiden is an actor not a scientist +"Based on the details provided in: 'Said bin Salim Al Shaksy (Arabic: سعيد بن سالم الشقصي) (born Zanzibar in 1934 - 2015) was the founder and chairman of The Shaksy Group. Al Shaksy has been a member and Managing Director of several Joint-Stock Companies, including Al Bank Al Ahli Al Omani SAOG, Oman Fisheries Co. SAOG and Oman Hotels Co. SAOG.' , determine if the claim: 'Said bin Salim Al Shaksy was a clerk at a bank.' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Said bin Salim Al Shaksy was a clerk at a bank.,"{ contradiction } It says where he worked, but that's not necessarily an inclusive list of everywhere. The AI doesn't see ""clerk"" and doesn't match it to the text." +"Based on the details provided in: 'Sebastian Philip Bierk (born April 3, 1968), known professionally as Sebastian Bach, is a Canadian heavy metal singer who achieved mainstream success as frontman of Skid Row from 1987 to 1996. He continues a solo career, acted on Broadway, and has made appearances in film and television.' , determine if the claim: 'He was in Guns N' Roses' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",He was in Guns N' Roses,{ contradiction } Doesn't say anything about his other projects +" Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new ""File History"" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis. What did the update of operation dalog boxes help with? ",What did the update of operation dalog boxes help with?," provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files " +" Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$1.4 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually. Approximately how many passengers used Indira Gandhi Airport from 2012-2013? ",Approximately how many passengers used Indira Gandhi Airport from 2012-2013?, 35 million +"Given the context: 'Target Express
I saw a Target Express in Queens last month. I thought it was a good idea. This month they opened a Target Express near Boston University. My brother visited and said it was a nice place. We might go down to shop someday.' , classify the statement: 'Target Express will not have more than a single location in its existence.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Target Express will not have more than a single location in its existence.,{ neutral } It said there were two so the statement that it will not have more than one location is wrong. +"Using the premise: 'How to troubleshoot streaming issues on hulu
Check to see if hulu is down. Sometimes the entire hulu service will crash or undergo maintenance in your area. You can diagnose this problem by using a tool like downdetector () to see if others are experiencing technical difficulties.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Knowing if Hulu servers are down will always make troubleshooting easier.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Knowing if Hulu servers are down will always make troubleshooting easier.,"{ neutral } Knowing whether or not Hulu servers are down will inform you if there is anything you can do to fix the issue. Making it easier to figure out the solution, if you know whether its a Hulu problem or personal issue." +" The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as ""The Arsenal of America"". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name? ",The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name?, The Arsenal of America +"Analyze the premise: 'That's a place where we can use our generosity to influence in a positive way, influence nations. I believe we ought to have foreign aid, but I don't think we ought to just have foreign aid for the sake of foreign aid. I think foreign aid needs to be used to encourage markets and reform.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'foreign aid is only for the rich' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",foreign aid is only for the rich,{ contradiction } This idea isnt stated but can be assumed based on the statement.. +" The Atlantic Ocean has less influence on the climate of the Piedmont region, which has hotter summers and colder winters than in the coast. Daytime highs in the Piedmont often reach over 90 °F (32 °C) in the summer. While it is not common for the temperature to reach over 100 °F (38 °C) in the state, such temperatures, when they occur, typically are found only in the lower-elevation areas of the Piedmont and far-inland areas of the coastal plain. The weaker influence of the Atlantic Ocean also means that temperatures in the Piedmont often fluctuate more widely than in the coast. What type of influence of the Atlantic Ocean makes the temperatures fluctuate more than on the coast? ",What type of influence of the Atlantic Ocean makes the temperatures fluctuate more than on the coast?, weaker +"Examine the information in 'It is also an occasion to salute the many people who give their time and skills to promote the personal growth and development of our children and young adults, and it is a time to remember the founders of the international scouting and guiding movement, Lord and Lady Baden-Powell, who started scouting in 1907 and guiding in 1909.' Is the statement: 'Lord and Lady are the first names of the founders of the international scouting and guiding movement and not titles.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Lord and Lady are the first names of the founders of the international scouting and guiding movement and not titles.,"{ entailment } Lord and Lady are clearly noble titles of some sort, not names. The system presumably doesn't really know what lords and ladies are, so the context makes it's the couple's given names." +"Analyze the premise: 'Johns Creek is a city located in Fulton County in the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 76,728. The city is an affluent northeastern suburb of Atlanta. In 2017 Johns Creek ranked third on the ""USA TODAY"" list of ""50 best cities to live in.""' . Classify the hypothesis: 'The population was 76,729' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","The population was 76,729","{ entailment } The population was 76,728, not 76,729.. I don't get why the model got confused." +" At the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social structure was characterized both by syncretising with the native cultures of northern India, but also eventually by the excluding of indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure. During this period, many of the previous small tribal units and chiefdoms began to coalesce into monarchical, state-level polities. What groupings formed up into larger monarchical groups? ",What groupings formed up into larger monarchical groups?, small tribal units +" Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/. What differs in vowel reduction? ",What differs in vowel reduction?, Dialects +" Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted ""a shortage of top tier apps"" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone). What was teh iOS market share in 2013? ",What was teh iOS market share in 2013?, 48.2% +"Given the premise: 'For Screening Purposes Only is the debut album by UK dance-punk trio Test Icicles. After being released in 2005, the album was critically praised for being unique and compelling in an increasingly homogenous indie music scene. Following the group's split in February 2006, the album remains Test Icicles' only LP.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Test Icicles were formed in two thousand three.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Test Icicles were formed in two thousand three.,{ contradiction } It's never mentioned when the band was formed. It's difficult because other years are mentioned in the text and I wrote out the year in words. +"From the information in: 'Kamila Filipcikova (born 1991) is a female Slovakian fashion model. She has modeled in fashion shows for designers such as Marc Jacobs, Chanel, Givenchy, Dolce & Gabbana, and Sonia Rykiel. And appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia two times in a row.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Filipcikova lives in Italy.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Filipcikova lives in Italy.,{ contradiction } It is unknown where Filipcikova lives. The system was confused by the context of the facts. +"From the information in: 'Showtime is a 2002 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Tom Dey. The film stars Robert De Niro and Eddie Murphy in the lead roles alongside Rene Russo, William Shatner, Pedro Damian and De Niro's real life adopted daughter Drena De Niro. The film was released in the United States on March 15, 2002.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Showtime was released before 9/11.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Showtime was released before 9/11.,"{ neutral } It was released after September 11, 2001" +"Given the premise: 'The Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix is the Argentine round of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing championship. The Grand Prix returned in 2014 with a race at Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo. Previously, the event was held ten times at the Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez in the capital city of Buenos Aires between 1961 and 1999.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix was held less than 10 times before the 2014 race.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix was held less than 10 times before the 2014 race.,"{ entailment } It was held exactly ten times, not less than 10 times. The system did not pick up on the ""less than"" part." +"From the facts presented in 'Pendle is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Andrew Stephenson, a Conservative. The constituency was newly created for the 1983 General Election, being largely formed from the former Nelson and Colne Constituency.' , decide if the statement: 'The constituency was created for an election prior to 2000.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The constituency was created for an election prior to 2000.,{ contradiction } The constituency was newly created for the 1983 General Election. The system was confused by the context. +" The newer micro-USB receptacles are designed for a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion and removal between the receptacle and plug, compared to 1,500 for the standard USB and 5,000 for the mini-USB receptacle. Features intended to accomplish include, a locking device was added and the leaf-spring was moved from the jack to the plug, so that the most-stressed part is on the cable side of the connection. This change was made so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear instead of the more expensive micro-USB device. However the idea that these changes did in fact make the connector more durable in real world use has been widely disputed, with many contending that they are in fact, much less durable. Why was the change made for the USB device? ",Why was the change made for the USB device?, so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear +" In the United States, the term ""treaty"" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. What type of agreement may a US president enter by acting alone? ",What type of agreement may a US president enter by acting alone?, sole executive agreements +" In agriculture and animal husbandry, the Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to increase yield. Often hybridized breeds originated in developed countries and were further hybridized with local varieties in the developing world to create high yield strains resistant to local climate and diseases. Local governments and industry have been pushing hybridization. Formerly huge gene pools of various wild and indigenous breeds have collapsed causing widespread genetic erosion and genetic pollution. This has resulted in loss of genetic diversity and biodiversity as a whole. Who has been pushing for hybridization? ",Who has been pushing for hybridization?, Local governments and industry +" In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million. What film previously held the UK record for highest first week opening gross? ",What film previously held the UK record for highest first week opening gross?, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Peanuts Section
My license expired a few days ago, so I had to go to the DMV. I waited in line for what seemed like an eternity. When I told the woman I needed a license renewed, she gave me a look. Then she clicked her tongue and said the weight needed to be updated. Thanks for the boost of confidence, DMV lady.' . Does the hypothesis: 'The line at the DMV was long' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",The line at the DMV was long,"{ entailment } The context only says that they felt like they waited for an eternity. The line may have been long, but it may also be the case that they were stood behind one person who had a very complicated query and therefore took a long time and the line was actually small. Or it might be the case that the line was actually short, but because of the bleak settings it just felt like an eternity. The system could likely not make the difference between line length and wait time. " +"With the premise: 'How to limbo
Grab a long pole. Traditionally, people played limbo with a broom, but any long rod will work. For quick solutions, try using a wrapping paper roll, curtain rod, pool noodle, or a smooth stick from outside.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'limbo is a type of dance' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",limbo is a type of dance,{ entailment } The fact that it is a dance is NOT mentioned in the text +" Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lords often shifted; for example, the high lords allied under Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣秀吉) were served by loyal samurai, but the feudal lords under them could shift their support to Tokugawa, taking their samurai with them. There were, however, also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord or daimyo, when loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy. Who was an example of a disloyal samurai? ",Who was an example of a disloyal samurai?, Akechi Mitsuhide +"Considering the context: 'Tomorrow's Modern Boxes is the second solo album by Thom Yorke of the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 26 September 2014. It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, with artwork by Radiohead artist Stanley Donwood. The album blends Yorke's vocals and piano playing with electronic beats and textures.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Tomorrow's Modern Boxes is the second solo album to be released in 2014' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Tomorrow's Modern Boxes is the second solo album to be released in 2014,{ entailment } it does not state when the first solo album was released. +" Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research. Which groups of researchers provided unorthodox structure for a research group? ",Which groups of researchers provided unorthodox structure for a research group?, Pickford's and Hutchinson's +" iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5"" touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include a lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS. What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch? ",What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?, iPhone +"Reflect on the information in: 'Rodolfo Rincón Taracena (1957 – 20 January 2007) was a Mexican journalist and crime reporter for ""Tabasco Hoy"", a newspaper based in Villahermosa, Tabasco in southeastern Mexico. He was known for his direct reporting style, and wrote extensively about local drug trafficking and the growing presence of organized crime in his homestate.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Rodolfo Rincón Taracena died at the age of 52.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Rodolfo Rincón Taracena died at the age of 52.,{ neutral } He died in 2007 and would not have turned 52 until 2009. The system must get confused on dates. +" By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, ""[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful."" Alexander, on the other hand, was ""very plain"". Who wanted to see Victoria and Albert marry? ",Who wanted to see Victoria and Albert marry?," the Duchess's brother, Leopold " +" These representations rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visible sake. They care for the schematic arrangements of bodies in space, but only as parts in a larger whole. While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs. In these archaic pediments the sculptors use empty intervals, to suggest a passage to and fro a busy battlefield. The artists seem to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order, and this was improved when classical art brought a greater freedom and economy. While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what? ","While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what?", the general sequence to which it belongs +"With the premise: 'How to care for an affenpinscher
Teach your dog basic commands. Teaching your dog some basic commands is an excellent way to establish your dominance, encourage your dog to be polite, and begin building a relationship with your dog. You can begin by teaching "" sit, "" and then move on to teaching "" stay, "" "" lay down, "" and "" heel.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'When taking care of a dog like affenpinscher you have to start with basic commands for dogs, not cats' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","When taking care of a dog like affenpinscher you have to start with basic commands for dogs, not cats","{ neutral } The text states that you have to start by teaching the dog basic things, so my statement was correct" +" Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their conflicted identifications with others; therefore we should be alert to individuals with levels which are much higher or lower than the norm – highly diffused individuals are classified as diffused, and those with low levels as foreclosed or defensive. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 65–67; 105-106). Weinreich applies the identity variant in a framework which also allows for the transition from one to another by way of biographical experiences and resolution of conflicted identifications situated in various contexts – for example, an adolescent going through family break-up may be in one state, whereas later in a stable marriage with a secure professional role may be in another. Hence, though there is continuity, there is also development and change. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 22–23). Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what? ",Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?, foreclosed or defensive +"With the premise: 'The guiding principles contained in the legislation are designed to ensure that the mediator-arbitrator recognizes the directions which have been provided to the employer by the Government of Canada in terms of financial performance and service standards, while at the same time balancing these issues with the importance of good labour relations within the workplace.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The principles benefited the workers.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The principles benefited the workers.,{ neutral } It improves relations in the workplace. +"From the information in: 'Captain Scarlett is a 1953 American Technicolor Adventure film directed by Thomas Carr, that was shot in Mexico. The film is set in France following the fall of Napoleon I, and stars Richard Greene playing the title role, a Robin Hood type avenger, and Brazilian actress Leonora Amar in her final screen role.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Leonora Amar starred in the film Captain Scarlett, which was released the same year that she died.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Leonora Amar starred in the film Captain Scarlett, which was released the same year that she died.","{ entailment } The statement fits into the correct category because the excerpt states that the movie was released in 1953, but does not say when Leonora Amar died. The system may have had difficulty because the excerpt states that the movie was her final screen role, but it doesn't say more than that." +" Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and fills most of the cell with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria. Other proteins import nutrients across the cell membrane, or expel undesired molecules from the cytoplasm. What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with? ",What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with?, light-gathering membrane +"From the facts presented in 'Holes in the Wall
Kayla had gotten a poster from the store. She wanted to hang it in her room. Kayla used tacks to hang the poster on her wall. The tacks left holes in the wall. Kayla's parents were upset at the holes left by the tacks.' , decide if the statement: 'Keyla hates posters.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",Keyla hates posters.,"{ neutral } If Keyla got a poster, it is because she likes them. " +"Given the context: 'Scott David Shiflett (born August 22, 1966) is an American musician who has been the bassist in the punk rock band Face to Face since 1995. Born in Santa Barbara, California, he is the brother of Foo Fighters lead guitarist Chris Shiflett. Scott has also performed in the bands Viva Death, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, Jackson United, and 22 Jacks.' , classify the statement: 'Scott David Shiflett was born in the summer.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",Scott David Shiflett was born in the summer.,{ neutral } He was born on August 22nd which is definitely in the summer. +"Given the premise: 'The 2002 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Gamecocks were led by Lou Holtz in his fourth season as head coach and played their home games in Williams-Brice Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina. The Gamecocks did not finish the season bowl-eligible.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Lou Holtz was the South Carolina Gamecocks head coach for many years.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Lou Holtz was the South Carolina Gamecocks head coach for many years.,"{ entailment } Many is relative- he was definitely head coach for four years, but how many years total is not given. " +"From the information in: 'The 2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas was held on November 4, 2008. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Mark Pryor decided to run for a second term. No Republican filed to challenge him. His only opponent was Green Party candidate Rebekah Kennedy. He won re-election with 80% of the vote.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'The 2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas was held in an odd numbered year.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",The 2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas was held in an odd numbered year.,"{ entailment } It was 2008, which is an even year. " +" The solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells. The Kerrison was fairly simple, but it pointed the way to future generations that incorporated radar, first for ranging and later for tracking. Similar predictor systems were introduced by Germany during the war, also adding radar ranging as the war progressed. What two things did the operators of the gun have to do? ",What two things did the operators of the gun have to do?, followed the pointer and loaded the shells +"From the information in: 'Bad Customer Service
John bought a new camera. It broke within a couple of months. He called customer service to get things resolved. They were no help at all. John never bought that brand again.' , deduce whether the hypothesis: 'Customer service didn't try hard enough to fix the issue with John's broken camera, according to John.' results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Customer service didn't try hard enough to fix the issue with John's broken camera, according to John.","{ neutral } If he believed they had tried hard enough, he would have been satisfied and would have continued with the brand." +"Analyze the premise: 'Corncob
The girl saw corncobs were going to waste at the farm. She figured they could be made into pipes and sold to help her family. Drying took a very long time, but the venture became profitable. She grew slightly older, and her savings helped her later. It would then be a supplement while she pursued her archery career.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Corncobs are not pipes.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Corncobs are not pipes.,{ contradiction } They may be able to be converted to pipes but they aren't pipes. +"Consider the premise in: 'Northwestern Regional High School is a public regional high school located in Winsted, Connecticut, serving the towns of Barkhamsted, Colebrook, New Hartford and Norfolk. Northwestern Regional High School is located in the same building as Northwestern Regional Middle School, which serves grades 7-8.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Northwestern Regional High School serves grades 7-8.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Northwestern Regional High School serves grades 7-8.,"{ entailment } Grades 7-8 are served by the middle school, not the high school." +" There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the possibility of life on Europa. On 7 February 2008, a NASA team embarked on a mission to Lake Untersee, searching for extremophiles in its highly alkaline waters. If found, these resilient creatures could further bolster the argument for extraterrestrial life in extremely cold, methane-rich environments. For what was NASA searching? ",For what was NASA searching?, extremophiles +" Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets. NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States. Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, a program for students interested in community service. A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development. Several internationally recognized non-profit organizations have originated at Northwestern including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis. What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited? ",What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited?, Project Pumpkin +"Considering the context: 'Kathryn Salfelder (born 1987 in Paterson, New Jersey) is a contemporary American composer, conductor and pianist, based in the Boston area. She has received commissions from the Albany Symphony, Boston Musica Viva, United States Air Force Band – Washington D.C., American Bandmasters Association, New York Virtuoso Singers, and Japan Wind Ensemble Conductors Conference (JWECC).' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Kathryn Salfelder first released work in the year 1987' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Kathryn Salfelder first released work in the year 1987,{ neutral } She did not release work the first year she was born +"With the premise: 'High Bridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,994 at the 2010 census. High Bridge includes the Echo Lake community and the former Echo Lake CDP, which was superseded by the larger High Bridge CDP in 2010.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'High Bridge had a population greater than 2,995 in 2010.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","High Bridge had a population greater than 2,995 in 2010.","{ entailment } It's definitely incorrect because 2,994 is not greater than 2,995. It's difficult because the numbers are close together which seems to be enough to trick the system sometimes." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Supervixens is a 1975 sexploitation film by American filmmaker Russ Meyer. The cast features Meyer regulars Charles Napier, Uschi Digard, and Haji. The film also features Shari Eubank (in a dual role) in one of her only two film roles ever and Christy Hartburg in her only film role ever.' . Does the hypothesis: 'Christy Hartburg was much better in her previous movie than her performance in Supervixens.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",Christy Hartburg was much better in her previous movie than her performance in Supervixens.,"{ neutral } Supervixens was Christy Hartburg's only film, she couldn't have been in a movie before it. The system is too caught up in labeling opinoin oriented data as neither instead of realizing cut off points that would create impossibilities." +"Reflect on the information in: 'Rina is a feminine given name with multiple origins. It is also a feminine name in the Sanskrit language meaning ""melted"" or ""dissolved"", and is also a Hebrew name meaning ""song; joy"". The name Rina is also a Russian hypocoristic for ""Ekaterina"" and is a feminine given name of Japanese origins, where it was proportionately used the most in the twentieth century.' . Does the hypothesis: 'More people named Rina were born in the twentieth century than any other time.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",More people named Rina were born in the twentieth century than any other time.,{ neutral } This name was used the most in the 20th century. +"Given the premise: 'The Indian pariah dog (""Canis lupus familiaris"") is the aboriginal landrace, or naturally selected dog, of the Indian sub-continent. The breed is proposed by one author to be one of the oldest in the world and the progenitor of the Australian dingo. Its place of origin has not been determined.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'It is unknown where the Indian pariah dog originated from.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",It is unknown where the Indian pariah dog originated from.,{ neutral } Its place of origin has not been determined. The system was confused by the wording. +"Examine the premise: 'In describing these features of the statutory review scheme in some detail, I want to emphasize that one of the important purposes of the scheme is to ensure that the people of Nunavut are not treated as second class citizens when it comes to the rights accorded to them by their court system.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The narrator wants to emphasize that one of the important purposes of the scheme is to ensure that the people of Nunavut are treated as second class citizens.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The narrator wants to emphasize that one of the important purposes of the scheme is to ensure that the people of Nunavut are treated as second class citizens.,"{ entailment } It says ""not treated"", not ""treated"", therefore definitely incorrect. I guess it's difficult because I changed the text and said ""the narrator', which probably confused the system." +"With the premise: 'The J.J. Deal and Son Carriage Factory was the largest factory built in Jonesville, Michigan. It is the only 19th century factory remaining in the City. It is located at 117 West Street. On August 1, 2012, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The J.J. Deal and Son Carriage Factory was built in the USA' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The J.J. Deal and Son Carriage Factory was built in the USA,{ neutral } it was a us factory +"Considering the context: 'A fire in Orillia is being treated as suspicious. Orillia Fire Services go the call to a construction site on Monarch Drive just after midnight this morning, to find an excavator on fire. While firefighters worked on dousing the heavy equipment, police brought in forensic officers to figure out how the fire started. The OPP is asking anyone who saw anything out of the norm in the area around midnight to give them a call.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'The fire was caused by the police force.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",The fire was caused by the police force.,{ contradiction } The circumstances as far as suspicions is not confirmed or denied in the text. +"Given the detailed context: 'Phoebe Snow was a fictional character created by Earnest Elmo Calkins to promote the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The advertising campaign was one of the first to present a fictional character based on a live model amid impressionistic techniques.', judge whether the statement: 'Ernest Caulkin named Phoebe Snow after his sister' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Ernest Caulkin named Phoebe Snow after his sister,{ contradiction } The wording of the statement may have thrown the system off. +" On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the ""renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine"". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine. On November 1, the leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, respectively, Metropolitan Volodymyr Sterniuk and Patriarch Mstyslav, met in Lviv during anniversary commemorations of the 1918 proclamation of the Western Ukrainian National Republic. Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest? ",Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest?, Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret +" Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also ""accepted"" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality. Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol? ",Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?, Georgia +"Reflect on the information in: 'Suspect Zero is a 2004 American psychological thriller film starring Aaron Eckhart, Ben Kingsley, and Carrie-Anne Moss. The film, which was produced by Tom Cruise's co-owned company Cruise/Wagner Productions, was directed by E. Elias Merhige. It was a box office bomb failing to earn half of its estimated $27 million production costs at the box office.' . Does the hypothesis: 'E. Elias Merhige caused losses of over $10 million in 2004.' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?",E. Elias Merhige caused losses of over $10 million in 2004.,"{ neutral } E. Elias Merhige, directed Suspect Zero, which failed to earn even half of its $27 million costs, causing losses that definitely exceed $10 million" +" In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing system to the market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it. What company introduced the first HD video conferencing system to the general market? ",What company introduced the first HD video conferencing system to the general market?, Polycom +"With the premise: 'How to make chocolate truffle hens
Assemble the ingredients and supplies. Check the "" things you'll need "" below for the supplies. Add the broken white chocolate pieces and cream to the double boiler bowl.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Chickens lay chocolate flavored eggs' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Chickens lay chocolate flavored eggs,"{ neutral } Even though this passage was about chocolate truffle hens, chickens do not lay chocolate flavored eggs. " +" The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German. What is the official language of Bern? ",What is the official language of Bern?, German +" Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children. What was built along the Rhine ",What was built along the Rhine , To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine +" Shortly before his death, when he was already quite ill, von Neumann headed the United States government's top secret ICBM committee, and it would sometimes meet in his home. Its purpose was to decide on the feasibility of building an ICBM large enough to carry a thermonuclear weapon. Von Neumann had long argued that while the technical obstacles were sizable, they could be overcome in time. The SM-65 Atlas passed its first fully functional test in 1959, two years after his death. The feasibility of an ICBM owed as much to improved, smaller warheads as it did to developments in rocketry, and his understanding of the former made his advice invaluable. What was the purpose of top secret ICBM committee? ",What was the purpose of top secret ICBM committee?, decide on the feasibility of building an ICBM large enough to carry a thermonuclear weapon +"With the given context: 'Love is a 2006 theatrical production by Cirque du Soleil which combines the re-produced and re-imagined music of the Beatles with an interpretive, circus-based artistic and athletic stage performance. The show plays at a specially built theatre at the Mirage in Las Vegas.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The show only plays at two theatres' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The show only plays at two theatres,{ neutral } it states it plays at one special theatre only +"With the given context: 'Ernest Jones is a British jeweller and watchmaker. Established in 1949, its first store was opened in Oxford Street, London. Ernest Jones specialises in diamonds and watches, stocking brands such as Gucci and Emporio Armani. Ernest Jones is part of the Signet Jewelers group.' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'Signet Jewelers group is part of Ernest Jones.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",Signet Jewelers group is part of Ernest Jones.,{ entailment } Ernest Jones is part of Signet Jewelers group and not the other way round. +"From the facts presented in 'This practice of forbidding the use of direct citations from the debates of the House of Commons, euphemistically identified as ""the other place,"" was originally intended to prevent, according to Erskine May, fruitless arguments between members of two distinct bodies who are unable to reply to each other and to guard against recrimination and offensive language in the absence of the other party.' , decide if the statement: 'The practice had contained use of direct citations' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. ",The practice had contained use of direct citations,"{ entailment } It says it prohibited the use, so this is incorrect" +" All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796. At its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage ""Kendals Arcade"" and an art nouveau tiled food hall. The store was especially known for its emphasis on quality and style over low prices giving it the nickname ""the Harrods of the North"", although this was due in part to Harrods acquiring the store in 1919. Other large Manchester stores included Paulden's (currently Debenhams) and Lewis's (now a Primark). What business in Manchester claims to be the first department store? ",What business in Manchester claims to be the first department store? , Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) +"Considering the context: 'Chief Katonah was a Munsee sachem who led both the Wiechquaeskeck band of Wappinger in the Greenwich, Stamford, and Bedford area, from whom the land of the town of Bedford, New York was purchased, and the Ramapo. The Ramapo Sachemdom was part of the Tankiteke Chieftaincy of the Wappinger League, of the Mohegan tribe of the Algonquians.' , determine whether the hypothesis: 'Katonah held one of the highest titles and was a leader of two tribes of indians.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.",Katonah held one of the highest titles and was a leader of two tribes of indians.,{ neutral } The Chief is the highest person in an Indian tribe and he led both the Wappinger and the Ramapo. +"Examine the premise: 'Niamh Wilson ( born March 9, 1997) is a Canadian film and television actress from Oakville, Ontario, known for her role as Corbett in Saw III, reprised in Saw V; the Canadian horror film ""The Marsh"" (2006); and the title role in the Family Channel series ""Debra!""' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Niamh Wilson plays the lead character in Debra.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Niamh Wilson plays the lead character in Debra.,{ neutral } She plays Debra in the tv series. The system did not know that title and lead mean the same thing. +"Using the premise: 'How to calculate board feet
Measure the length, width, and depth in inches. Use a stiff tape measure to measure the length, width, and depth of the board. Each measurement should be taken separately and recorded in inches.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Length and width are different dimensions of a board.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Length and width are different dimensions of a board.,"{ contradiction } The text mentions three dimensions, length, width and depth and length and width are two of the three and are different." +"With the given context: 'Feel the burn
Bernie Sanders wanted to be president. Bernie Sanders had great ideas. But the people did not believe Bernie's ideas could be pulled off. So the people voted for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Now America is screwed!' , analyze if the hypothesis: 'The people believe in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump more.' is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.",The people believe in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump more.,{ neutral } This is correct as that is why they didn't vote for Bernie Sanders. +"Given the premise: 'The Rolling Stones kicked off their latest tour on Sunday, with a flashy, high-energy concert at Boston's Fenway Park that made no concession to the band's more than four decades playing pounding rock 'n roll.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'The Rolling Stones were formed in 1961.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",The Rolling Stones were formed in 1961.,"{ contradiction } It's never stated explicitly and it can't be determined from the text because we don't know when the article was published. It's difficult because perhaps the system thinks the article was published this year, so it does some incorrect math." +"Using the premise: 'The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 New Zealand-American epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–1955). It is the first installment in ""The Lord of the Rings series"", and was followed by """" (2002) and """" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of ""The Lord of the Rings"".' , decide if the conclusion: 'Peter Jackson was the director of J. R. R. Tolkien's first volume in 1954-1955.' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Peter Jackson was the director of J. R. R. Tolkien's first volume in 1954-1955.,"{ entailment } Peter Jackson directed the film, not J. R. R. Tolkien's books written in 1954-1955. The system might have been confused by the wording." +"Given the premise: 'Spiess Tuning is the common identity of Siegfried Spiess Motorenbau GmbH, a motor vehicle engine tuning company based in Ditzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Today Spiess Tuning is most famous for its Formula 3 motor racing engines based on the Opel Family II and two iterations of Volkswagen R4 engines.' , evaluate whether the hypothesis: 'Spiess Tuning completed a Formula 4 motor racing engine.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.",Spiess Tuning completed a Formula 4 motor racing engine.,{ contradiction } There was no mention if they did more or not. +"Using the premise: 'Divock Origi missed from a yard out before scoring the winner for Liverpool against Everton But did you see his shocking miss just moments before that? The Liverpool striker was a yard out but hit the post when it looked easier to score with two minutes left on the clock. Origi made amends eight minutes later - a WHOPPING five minutes into stoppage time. The Belgian was gifted an open goal after Virgil van Dijk mishit an ambitious volley from just outside the area.' , decide if the conclusion: 'Divock Origi missed from less than a yard out before scoring the winner' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.",Divock Origi missed from less than a yard out before scoring the winner,"{ entailment } He missed from a yard out, not under a yard out. The system probably disregarded the subtle change in language." +"Using the premise: 'Chirag Kahan Roshni Kahan (Hindi: चिराग कहाँ रोशनी कहाँ ; English: Where is the lamp, where is the light is a 1959 Indian Bollywood film directed and produced by Devendra Goel. The film stars Meena Kumari as the protagonist Ratna, and Rajendra Kumar, Honey Irani and Madan Puri in pivotal roles. The film was remade in Telugu as ""Maa Babu"".' , decide if the conclusion: '""Maa Babu"" was a film in Telugu starring Meena Kumari' logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.","""Maa Babu"" was a film in Telugu starring Meena Kumari",{ entailment } The film was remade so not sure if Meena Kumari was in it. +"Given the context: 'The Bloc Quebecois believes that the renewal of the SFOR mandate in Bosnia-Hercegovina should be accompanied by increased support for the International Crime Tribunal, a more significant support for this international court, which is playing a fundamental role with regards to the aftermath of the conflict in Bosnia-Hercegovina.' , classify the statement: 'The Bloc Quebecois does not believe that the renewal of the SFOR mandate in Bosnia-Hercegovina should not not be accompanied by increased support for the International Crime Tribunal.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.",The Bloc Quebecois does not believe that the renewal of the SFOR mandate in Bosnia-Hercegovina should not not be accompanied by increased support for the International Crime Tribunal.,"{ entailment } I used a triple negative, which confused the AI." +"With the premise: 'Marques Ackerman (born 1 March 1996) is a South African first-class cricketer. He was included in the North West squad for the 2016 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2017, he was named in Durban Qalandars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'Marques Ackerman was in the professional team in his thirties.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",Marques Ackerman was in the professional team in his thirties.,{ neutral } He is not in his thirties yet. +" Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million and 15% of the film's gross. A science fiction script, the film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story ""We Can Remember It for You Wholesale"". Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled ""The Switch"", and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut. He has not directed since. What's the title of the comedy movie Schwarzenegger starred in with Danny DeVito in 1988? ",What's the title of the comedy movie Schwarzenegger starred in with Danny DeVito in 1988?, Twins +" A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC. Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss? ","Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?", raising children +" The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt, from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia—a process that began at the end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period. The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time? ",The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time? , the late Cretaceous Period +" The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (""Kings of the Sea"") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area. Who was James Bruce? ",Who was James Bruce?, Scottish traveler +"Examine the information in 'National Highway 26 (NH 26), (previously National Highway 43), is a National Highway in India, that connects Raipur in Chhattisgarh and passes through Odisha to connect with Natavalasa in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. It connects National Highway 5 and National Highway 6 and transverses the Eastern Ghats.' Is the statement: 'Odisha and Eastern Ghats are two names for the same thing.' a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.",Odisha and Eastern Ghats are two names for the same thing.,{ entailment } I suggested that Odisha and the Eastern Ghats are the same thing when they aren't. I think the AI is confused by the many details and the possible similarities between the two lists of adjacent places. +" Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West, ancient Greek art was influential in shaping the Roman and later the modern western artistic heritage. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan. What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ? ",What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?, the Renaissance in Europe +" Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). In what part of the world did materialism develop during the Axial Age? ",In what part of the world did materialism develop during the Axial Age?, Eurasia +"With the premise: 'Trump orders review of visa programme to encourage hiring Americans KENOSHA, Wis. President Donald Trump on Tuesday ordered a review of the U.S. visa programme for bringing high-skilled foreign workers into the country, putting technology firms and the outsourcing companies that serve them on notice that possible changes may be ahead.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The VISA program is changing' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.",The VISA program is changing,{ entailment } it said it could possibly change +" In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD. What encouraged the change of faith ? ",What encouraged the change of faith ?, with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. +"Examine the premise: 'Sir Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of the Great Ards (c. 1560 – 15 May 1636) was an aristocrat and a soldier, known as one of the ""founding fathers"" of the Ulster-Scots along with Sir James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye. Montgomery was born in Ayrshire at Broadstone Castle, near Beith. He was the son of Adam Montgomery, the 5th Laird of Braidstane, by his wife and cousin.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'Sir Hugh Montgomery had at least one sibling.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",Sir Hugh Montgomery had at least one sibling.,{ entailment } Sir Hugh Montgomery had siblings. +"Consider the premise in: 'Cooking with chocolate
Marissa loved to bake with chocolate. As she was allergic to it, she used her husband to taste the dough. Her husband, who loved chocolate, was happy to help. So much so that over the years he was the one taking on weight. Marissa had to stop baking as much or her husband would become sick.' . Would you classify the hypothesis: 'Marissa keeps chocolate on hand to bake with and eat.' as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.",Marissa keeps chocolate on hand to bake with and eat.,{ neutral } Reason: She is allergic-- She only keeps it for baking. Why: Context mentions she uses it often in baking. +"Based on the details provided in: 'Mazda Sales (Thailand), a unit of Japanese carmaker Mazda Motor Corp, remains bullish about its sales prospects this year despite falling figures in the first six months, the Bangkok Post reported, citing its President Hidesuke Takesue. (bit.ly/1gr7HMd) ---- NOTE: Reuters has not verified this story and does not vouch for its accuracy. (Bangkok Newsroom; Editing by Prateek Chatterjee)' , determine if the claim: 'Mazda Sales will be fired next week' represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Mazda Sales will be fired next week,{ contradiction } This can't be proven one way or the other based on the context. It's set in the future and no one knows the future. The story doesn't lean one way or the other. +"Analyze the premise: 'Sven Hostrup Hansell (23 October 1934 – 6 March 2014) was an American musicologist and Professor Emeritus of Musicology at the University of Iowa. He was a specialist in the music and performance practices of the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as a harpsichordist and composer.' . Classify the hypothesis: 'Sven Hansell was born in 1934 and born again as a Christian in 1947.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.",Sven Hansell was born in 1934 and born again as a Christian in 1947.,"{ contradiction } We don't know if he was born again as a Christian. Maybe ""Born again"" phrase confused the system" +"Given the detailed context: 'Ernest Guiraud (] ; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera ""Carmen"" and for Offenbach's opera ""Les contes d'Hoffmann"" (""The Tales of Hoffmann"").', judge whether the statement: 'Although from europe, Ernest Guiraud was not born there' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","Although from europe, Ernest Guiraud was not born there","{ contradiction } although from france, Ernest Guiraud was not born there" +"Reflect on the information in: 'The Mitsubishi J8M ""Shūsui"" (Japanese: 三菱 J8M 秋水, literally ""Autumn Water"", used as a poetic term meaning ""Sharp Sword"" deriving from the swishing sound of a sword) was a Japanese World War II rocket-powered interceptor aircraft closely based on the German Messerschmitt Me 163 ""Komet"".' . Does the hypothesis: 'There is a Russian based on the German Messerschmitt Me 163 ""Komet"".' constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?","There is a Russian based on the German Messerschmitt Me 163 ""Komet"".",{ contradiction } The information neither confirms nor disproves the statement. +" The Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) begins in Santa Monica near the Pacific Ocean and heads east. The Santa Monica Freeway between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles has the distinction of being one of the busiest highways in all of North America. After traversing Los Angeles County, I-10 crosses seven more states, terminating at Jacksonville, Florida. In Santa Monica, there is a road sign designating this route as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. State Route 2 (Santa Monica Boulevard) begins in Santa Monica, barely grazing State Route 1 at Lincoln Boulevard, and continues northeast across Los Angeles County, through the Angeles National Forest, crossing the San Gabriel Mountains as the Angeles Crest Highway, ending in Wrightwood. Santa Monica is also the western (Pacific) terminus of historic U.S. Route 66. Close to the eastern boundary of Santa Monica, Sepulveda Boulevard reaches from Long Beach at the south, to the northern end of the San Fernando Valley. Just east of Santa Monica is Interstate 405, the ""San Diego Freeway"", a major north-south route in Los Angeles County and Orange County, California. What road does state route 2 begin on? ",What road does state route 2 begin on?, Santa Monica Boulevard +" Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916. Ann Arbor has been linked with which university? ",Ann Arbor has been linked with which university?, University of Michigan +" Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years, as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king. Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as ""the Northerners"". The northern barons rarely had any personal stake in the conflict in France, and many of them owed large sums of money to John; the revolt has been characterised as ""a rebellion of the king's debtors"". Many of John's military household joined the rebels, particularly amongst those that John had appointed to administrative roles across England; their local links and loyalties outweighed their personal loyalty to John. Tension also grew across North Wales, where opposition to the 1211 treaty between John and Llywelyn was turning into open conflict. For some the appointment of Peter des Roches as justiciar was an important factor, as he was considered an ""abrasive foreigner"" by many of the barons. The failure of John's French military campaign in 1214 was probably the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king; James Holt describes the path to civil war as ""direct, short and unavoidable"" following the defeat at Bouvines. Where did many of the disaffected barons come from? ",Where did many of the disaffected barons come from?, north of England +" Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island. How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession? ",How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?," 7,840-acre " +" During the second half of the 19th century Dutch was banned from all levels of education by both Prussia and France and lost most of its functions as a cultural language. In both Germany and France the Dutch standard language is largely absent and speakers of these Dutch dialects will use German or French in everyday speech. Dutch is not afforded legal status in France or Germany, either by the central or regional public authorities and knowledge of the language is declining among younger generations. Other than France, what country does not give Dutch legal status as a language? ","Other than France, what country does not give Dutch legal status as a language?", Germany +"Examine the premise: 'Buddleja alata is endemic to western Szechuan, China, growing at elevations of 1,300–3,000 m; it was first described and named by Rehder and Wilson in 1913. Leeuwenberg found the plant to be such a perfect intermediate of ""Buddleja albiflora"" and ""Buddleja nivea"" as to consider it a hybrid of the two species.' and assess if the subsequent statement: 'The Buddleja alata cannot be found outside of China.' is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale.",The Buddleja alata cannot be found outside of China.,"{ contradiction } We do not know for certain if the Buddleja alata can be found outside of China. We only know that it is native to that area of China. I think making a definitive statement that is difficult to prove, fools the model. It's almost as if the model assumes that the plant grows in other regions, which may be true, but we do not have the concrete statement in the given sample to know for sure." +" There are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States. Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements). Many of the Hokkien dialects of this region are highly similar to Taiwanese and Amoy. Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē (""Our people’s language""). Hokkien speakers form the largest group of Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.[citation needed] What percentage of Chinese Filipino are reportedly native Hokkien speakers? ",What percentage of Chinese Filipino are reportedly native Hokkien speakers?, 98.5% +" One example of omnidirectional antennas is the very common vertical antenna or whip antenna consisting of a metal rod (often, but not always, a quarter of a wavelength long). A dipole antenna is similar but consists of two such conductors extending in opposite directions, with a total length that is often, but not always, a half of a wavelength long. Dipoles are typically oriented horizontally in which case they are weakly directional: signals are reasonably well radiated toward or received from all directions with the exception of the direction along the conductor itself; this region is called the antenna blind cone or null. In which direction would you expect to find a dipole? ",In which direction would you expect to find a dipole?, horizontally +"Analyze the premise: '""Treme"" is an American television drama series created by David Simon and Eric Overmyer. It premiered on HBO on April 11, 2010. The series follows the interconnected lives of a group of New Orleanians in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Episode titles are primarily taken from a blues or jazz song. The series concluded on December 29, 2013, after four seasons and 36 episodes.' . Classify the hypothesis: '""Treme"" is a television show from the Southern Hemisphere.' as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.","""Treme"" is a television show from the Southern Hemisphere.","{ entailment } ""Treme"" is a Television show from the Eastern Hemisphere." +" In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming ""Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring."" The line was developed over the following four years – with multiple pieces teased by West himself – before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009. In 2009, West collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, the Air Yeezys, with a second version released in 2012. In January 2009, West introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week. The line was released in summer 2009. West has additionally designed shoewear for Bape and Italian shoemaker Giuseppe Zanotti. What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line? ",What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line?, Nike +" Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions. When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used? ","When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used?", a chartered Air China Airbus A330 +" Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution. In what decade were the first Somali feature films made? ",In what decade were the first Somali feature films made?, 1960s +" Interestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break a toothpick) and then later asked them whether they had done such a thing. Findings revealed that those participants who repeatedly imagined performing such an act were more likely to think that they had actually performed that act during the first session of the experiment. Similarly, Garry and her colleagues (1996) asked college students to report how certain they were that they experienced a number of events as children (e.g., broke a window with their hand) and then two weeks later asked them to imagine four of those events. The researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children. That is, when asked to imagine the events they were more confident that they experienced the events. What did a similar study done by Garry find? ",What did a similar study done by Garry find?, researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children +"With the premise: 'Richmond Hill (2016 population 195,022) is a town in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 28th most populous municipality in Canada. It is also Canada's most populous town.' , decide if the hypothesis: 'The York Region town of Richmond Hill, the town in Canada with the greatest population, reached its highest population in 2016.' leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.","The York Region town of Richmond Hill, the town in Canada with the greatest population, reached its highest population in 2016.","{ entailment } The computer thinks it is correct because I used a lot of the terms from the context, but it doesn't actually say if 2016 was the peak population year. "