---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:2351
- loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
widget:
- source_sentence: Are your thoughts sometimes so strong that you can almost hear
them?
sentences:
- My emotions have almost always seemed flat regardless of what is going on around
me.
- Having powerful images or memories that sometimes come into your mind in which
you feel the experience is happening again in the here and now?
- I often think that I hear people talking only to discover that there was no one
there.
- source_sentence: Having difficulty concentrating?
sentences:
- My thoughts are so hazy and unclear that I wish that I could just reach up and
put them into place.
- Most of the time I find it is very difficult to get my thoughts in order.
- Experienced sleep disturbances?
- source_sentence: Feeling jumpy or easily startled?
sentences:
- I often worry that someone or something is controlling my behavior.
- People find my conversations to be confusing or hard to follow.
- Worried a lot about different things?
- source_sentence: Do you often have to keep an eye out to stop people from taking
advantage of you?
sentences:
- I find that I am very often confused about what is going on around me.
- I sometimes wonder if there is a small group of people who can control everyone
else's behavior.
- I have sometimes felt that strangers were reading my mind.
- source_sentence: I am not good at expressing my true feelings by the way I talk
and look.
sentences:
- Felt down or depressed for most of the day
- Felt nervous or anxious?
- Experienced sleep disturbances?
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
results:
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: Unknown
type: unknown
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.5680489773046146
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.5532689999140259
name: Spearman Cosine
---
# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2)
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 384 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 384, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'I am not good at expressing my true feelings by the way I talk and look.',
'Felt nervous or anxious?',
'Experienced sleep disturbances?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Semantic Similarity
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.568 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.5533** |
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 2,351 training samples
* Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 16.73 tokens
- max: 47 tokens
| - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 14.82 tokens
- max: 28 tokens
| - min: 0.0
- mean: 0.26
- max: 1.0
|
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------|
| Do you believe in telepathy (mind-reading)? | I believe that there are secret signs in the world if you just know how to look for them. | 0.15 |
| Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively? | Felt “on edge”? | 0.62 |
| I have some eccentric (odd) habits. | I often have difficulty following what someone is saying to me. | 0.0 |
* Loss: [CosineSimilarityLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.L1Loss"
}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 236 evaluation samples
* Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
* Approximate statistics based on the first 236 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 16.4 tokens
- max: 47 tokens
| - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 14.76 tokens
- max: 28 tokens
| - min: 0.0
- mean: 0.29
- max: 1.0
|
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:----------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------|
| Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen? | I have trouble following conversations with others. | 0.19 |
| Do you believe in telepathy (mind-reading)? | Feeling jumpy or easily startled? | 0.1 |
| Other people see me as slightly eccentric (odd). | I have felt that there were messages for me in the way things were arranged, like furniture in a room. | 0.0 |
* Loss: [CosineSimilarityLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.L1Loss"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 3
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional