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modeling_jais.py

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+# coding=utf-8
+# Copyright 2023 The OpenAI Team Authors and HuggingFace Inc. team.
+# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2023 Cerebras Systems.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+""" PyTorch JAIS model."""
+
+import math
+import os
+import warnings
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import torch
+from torch import Tensor, nn
+from torch.cuda.amp import autocast
+from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
+
+from transformers.activations import ACT2FN
+from transformers.modeling_outputs import (
+    BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
+    CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
+    QuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
+    SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast,
+    TokenClassifierOutput,
+)
+from transformers.modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
+from transformers.pytorch_utils import Conv1D, find_pruneable_heads_and_indices, prune_conv1d_layer
+from transformers.utils import (
+    add_code_sample_docstrings,
+    add_start_docstrings,
+    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
+    logging,
+)
+from transformers.utils.model_parallel_utils import assert_device_map, get_device_map
+from .configuration_jais import JAISConfig
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC = "core42/jais-13b"
+_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "JAISConfig"
+
+
+class SwiGLUActivation(nn.Module):
+    def forward(self, x1: Tensor, x2: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        return x1 * nn.functional.silu(x2)
+
+
+class AlibiPositionEmbeddingLayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, num_heads, alibi_scaling=None):
+        super(AlibiPositionEmbeddingLayer, self).__init__()
+
+        self.num_heads = num_heads
+        self.alibi_scaling = alibi_scaling
+        slopes = torch.tensor(AlibiPositionEmbeddingLayer._get_alibi_slopes(num_heads)).unsqueeze(-1)
+        self.slopes = nn.parameter.Parameter(slopes, requires_grad=False)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        seq_length,
+        key_length,
+        cached_qk_len,
+    ):
+        context_position = torch.arange(
+            cached_qk_len, cached_qk_len + seq_length, device=self.slopes.device
+        )[:, None]
+        memory_position = torch.arange(
+            key_length + cached_qk_len, device=self.slopes.device
+        )[None, :]
+        relative_position = memory_position - context_position
+        relative_position = torch.abs(relative_position).unsqueeze(0).expand(self.num_heads, -1, -1)
+
+        if self.alibi_scaling is None:
+            scale = 1.0
+        elif self.alibi_scaling.get("factor") is not None:
+            scale = self.alibi_scaling["factor"]
+        elif relative_position.shape[-1] > self.alibi_scaling["train_seq_len"]:
+            scale = relative_position.shape[-1] / self.alibi_scaling["train_seq_len"]
+        else:
+            scale = 1.0
+
+        alibi = (self.slopes / -scale).unsqueeze(1) * relative_position
+        return alibi
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_alibi_slopes(n):
+        def get_slopes_power_of_2(n):
+            start = 2 ** (-(2 ** -(math.log2(n) - 3)))
+            ratio = start
+            return [start * ratio**i for i in range(n)]
+
+        if math.log2(n).is_integer():
+            return get_slopes_power_of_2(
+                n
+            )  # In the paper, we only train models that have 2^a heads for some a. This function has
+        else:  # some good properties that only occur when the input is a power of 2. To maintain that even
+            closest_power_of_2 = 2 ** math.floor(
+                math.log2(n)
+            )  # when the number of heads is not a power of 2, we use this workaround.
+            return (
+                get_slopes_power_of_2(closest_power_of_2)
+                + AlibiPositionEmbeddingLayer._get_alibi_slopes(2 * closest_power_of_2)[0::2][: n - closest_power_of_2]
+            )
+
+
+def load_tf_weights_in_jais(model, config, jais_checkpoint_path):
+    """Load tf checkpoints in a pytorch model"""
+    try:
+        import re
+
+        import tensorflow as tf
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.error(
+            "Loading a TensorFlow model in PyTorch, requires TensorFlow to be installed. Please see "
+            "https://www.tensorflow.org/install/ for installation instructions."
+        )
+        raise
+    tf_path = os.path.abspath(jais_checkpoint_path)
+    logger.info(f"Converting TensorFlow checkpoint from {tf_path}")
+    # Load weights from TF model
+    init_vars = tf.train.list_variables(tf_path)
+    names = []
+    arrays = []
+    for name, shape in init_vars:
+        logger.info(f"Loading TF weight {name} with shape {shape}")
+        array = tf.train.load_variable(tf_path, name)
+        names.append(name)
+        arrays.append(array.squeeze())
+
+    for name, array in zip(names, arrays):
+        name = name[6:]  # skip "model/"
+        name = name.split("/")
+        pointer = model
+        for m_name in name:
+            if re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z]+\d+", m_name):
+                scope_names = re.split(r"(\d+)", m_name)
+            else:
+                scope_names = [m_name]
+            if scope_names[0] == "w" or scope_names[0] == "g":
+                pointer = getattr(pointer, "weight")
+            elif scope_names[0] == "b":
+                pointer = getattr(pointer, "bias")
+            elif scope_names[0] == "wpe" or scope_names[0] == "wte":
+                pointer = getattr(pointer, scope_names[0])
+                pointer = getattr(pointer, "weight")
+            else:
+                pointer = getattr(pointer, scope_names[0])
+            if len(scope_names) >= 2:
+                num = int(scope_names[1])
+                pointer = pointer[num]
+        try:
+            assert (
+                pointer.shape == array.shape
+            ), f"Pointer shape {pointer.shape} and array shape {array.shape} mismatched"
+        except AssertionError as e:
+            e.args += (pointer.shape, array.shape)
+            raise
+        logger.info(f"Initialize PyTorch weight {name}")
+        pointer.data = torch.from_numpy(array)
+    return model
+
+
+class JAISAttention(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, is_cross_attention=False, layer_idx=None):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        max_positions = config.max_position_embeddings
+        self.register_buffer(
+            "bias",
+            torch.tril(torch.ones((max_positions, max_positions), dtype=torch.bool)).view(
+                1, 1, max_positions, max_positions
+            ),
+            persistent=False,
+        )
+        self.register_buffer("masked_bias", torch.tensor(-1e4), persistent=False)
+
+        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
+        self.num_heads = config.num_attention_heads
+        self.head_dim = self.embed_dim // self.num_heads
+        self.split_size = self.embed_dim
+        if self.head_dim * self.num_heads != self.embed_dim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"`embed_dim` must be divisible by num_heads (got `embed_dim`: {self.embed_dim} and `num_heads`:"
+                f" {self.num_heads})."
+            )
+
+        self.scale_attn_weights = config.scale_attn_weights
+        self.is_cross_attention = is_cross_attention
+
+        # Layer-wise attention scaling, reordering, and upcasting
+        self.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx = config.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx
+        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
+        self.reorder_and_upcast_attn = config.reorder_and_upcast_attn
+
+        if self.is_cross_attention:
+            self.c_attn = Conv1D(2 * self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+            self.q_attn = Conv1D(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.c_attn = Conv1D(3 * self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.c_proj = Conv1D(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+
+        self.attn_dropout = nn.Dropout(config.attn_pdrop)
+        self.resid_dropout = nn.Dropout(config.resid_pdrop)
+
+        self.pruned_heads = set()
+
+        self.attn_scale_power = 1.0 if config.mup_scale_qk_dot_by_d else 0.5
+
+    def prune_heads(self, heads):
+        if len(heads) == 0:
+            return
+        heads, index = find_pruneable_heads_and_indices(heads, self.num_heads, self.head_dim, self.pruned_heads)
+        index_attn = torch.cat([index, index + self.split_size, index + (2 * self.split_size)])
+
+        # Prune conv1d layers
+        self.c_attn = prune_conv1d_layer(self.c_attn, index_attn, dim=1)
+        self.c_proj = prune_conv1d_layer(self.c_proj, index, dim=0)
+
+        # Update hyper params
+        self.split_size = (self.split_size // self.num_heads) * (self.num_heads - len(heads))
+        self.num_heads = self.num_heads - len(heads)
+        self.pruned_heads = self.pruned_heads.union(heads)
+
+    def _attn(self, query, key, value, attention_mask=None, head_mask=None, position_bias=None):
+        attn_weights = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(-1, -2))
+
+        if self.scale_attn_weights:
+            attn_weights = attn_weights / torch.full(
+                [], value.size(-1) ** self.attn_scale_power, dtype=attn_weights.dtype, device=attn_weights.device
+            )
+
+        # Layer-wise attention scaling
+        if self.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx:
+            attn_weights = attn_weights / float(self.layer_idx + 1)
+
+        if not self.is_cross_attention:
+            # if only "normal" attention layer implements causal mask
+            query_length, key_length = query.size(-2), key.size(-2)
+            causal_mask = self.bias[:, :, key_length - query_length : key_length, :key_length]
+            mask_value = torch.finfo(attn_weights.dtype).min
+            # Need to be a tensor, otherwise we get error: `RuntimeError: expected scalar type float but found double`.
+            # Need to be on the same device, otherwise `RuntimeError: ..., x and y to be on the same device`
+            mask_value = torch.full([], mask_value, dtype=attn_weights.dtype).to(attn_weights.device)
+            attn_weights = torch.where(causal_mask, attn_weights.to(attn_weights.dtype), mask_value)
+
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            # Apply the attention mask
+            attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask
+
+        if position_bias is not None:
+            attn_weights += position_bias.type_as(attn_weights).unsqueeze(0)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
+
+        # Downcast (if necessary) back to V's dtype (if in mixed-precision) -- No-Op otherwise
+        attn_weights = attn_weights.type(value.dtype)
+        attn_weights = self.attn_dropout(attn_weights)
+
+        # Mask heads if we want to
+        if head_mask is not None:
+            attn_weights = attn_weights * head_mask
+
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
+
+        return attn_output, attn_weights
+
+    def _upcast_and_reordered_attn(self, query, key, value, attention_mask=None, head_mask=None, position_bias=None):
+        # Use `torch.baddbmm` (a bit more efficient w/ alpha param for scaling -- from Megatron-LM)
+        bsz, num_heads, q_seq_len, dk = query.size()
+        _, _, k_seq_len, _ = key.size()
+
+        # Preallocate attn_weights for `baddbmm`
+        attn_weights = torch.empty(bsz * num_heads, q_seq_len, k_seq_len, dtype=torch.float32, device=query.device)
+
+        # Compute Scale Factor
+        scale_factor = 1.0
+        if self.scale_attn_weights:
+            scale_factor /= float(value.size(-1)) ** self.attn_scale_power
+
+        if self.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx:
+            scale_factor /= float(self.layer_idx + 1)
+
+        # Upcast (turn off autocast) and reorder (Scale K by 1 / root(dk))
+        with autocast(enabled=False):
+            q, k = query.reshape(-1, q_seq_len, dk), key.transpose(-1, -2).reshape(-1, dk, k_seq_len)
+            attn_weights = torch.baddbmm(attn_weights, q.float(), k.float(), beta=0, alpha=scale_factor)
+            attn_weights = attn_weights.reshape(bsz, num_heads, q_seq_len, k_seq_len)
+
+        if not self.is_cross_attention:
+            # if only "normal" attention layer implements causal mask
+            query_length, key_length = query.size(-2), key.size(-2)
+            causal_mask = self.bias[:, :, key_length - query_length : key_length, :key_length]
+            mask_value = torch.finfo(attn_weights.dtype).min
+            # Need to be a tensor, otherwise we get error: `RuntimeError: expected scalar type float but found double`.
+            # Need to be on the same device, otherwise `RuntimeError: ..., x and y to be on the same device`
+            mask_value = torch.tensor(mask_value, dtype=attn_weights.dtype).to(attn_weights.device)
+            attn_weights = torch.where(causal_mask, attn_weights, mask_value)
+
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            # Apply the attention mask
+            attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask
+
+        if position_bias is not None:
+            attn_weights += position_bias.type_as(attn_weights).unsqueeze(0)
+        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
+
+        # Downcast (if necessary) back to V's dtype (if in mixed-precision) -- No-Op if otherwise
+        if attn_weights.dtype != torch.float32:
+            raise RuntimeError("Error with upcasting, attn_weights does not have dtype torch.float32")
+        attn_weights = attn_weights.type(value.dtype)
+        attn_weights = self.attn_dropout(attn_weights)
+
+        # Mask heads if we want to
+        if head_mask is not None:
+            attn_weights = attn_weights * head_mask
+
+        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
+
+        return attn_output, attn_weights
+
+    def _split_heads(self, tensor, num_heads, attn_head_size):
+        """
+        Splits hidden_size dim into attn_head_size and num_heads
+        """
+        new_shape = tensor.size()[:-1] + (num_heads, attn_head_size)
+        tensor = tensor.view(new_shape)
+        return tensor.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)  # (batch, head, seq_length, head_features)
+
+    def _merge_heads(self, tensor, num_heads, attn_head_size):
+        """
+        Merges attn_head_size dim and num_attn_heads dim into hidden_size
+        """
+        tensor = tensor.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
+        new_shape = tensor.size()[:-2] + (num_heads * attn_head_size,)
+        return tensor.view(new_shape)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]],
+        layer_past: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
+        position_bias: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor]], ...]:
+        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
+            if not hasattr(self, "q_attn"):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If class is used as cross attention, the weights `q_attn` have to be defined. "
+                    "Please make sure to instantiate class with `JAISAttention(..., is_cross_attention=True)`."
+                )
+
+            query = self.q_attn(hidden_states)
+            key, value = self.c_attn(encoder_hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)
+            attention_mask = encoder_attention_mask
+        else:
+            query, key, value = self.c_attn(hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)
+
+        query = self._split_heads(query, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        key = self._split_heads(key, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        value = self._split_heads(value, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+
+        if layer_past is not None:
+            past_key, past_value = layer_past
+            key = torch.cat((past_key, key), dim=-2)
+            value = torch.cat((past_value, value), dim=-2)
+
+        if use_cache is True:
+            present = (key, value)
+        else:
+            present = None
+
+        if self.reorder_and_upcast_attn:
+            attn_output, attn_weights = self._upcast_and_reordered_attn(
+                query, key, value, attention_mask, head_mask, position_bias
+            )
+        else:
+            attn_output, attn_weights = self._attn(query, key, value, attention_mask, head_mask, position_bias)
+
+        attn_output = self._merge_heads(attn_output, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        attn_output = self.c_proj(attn_output)
+        attn_output = self.resid_dropout(attn_output)
+
+        outputs = (attn_output, present)
+        if output_attentions:
+            outputs += (attn_weights,)
+
+        return outputs  # a, present, (attentions)
+
+
+class JAISMLP(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, intermediate_size, config):
+        super().__init__()
+        embed_dim = config.hidden_size
+        self.swiglu = config.activation_function == "swiglu"
+        self.c_fc = Conv1D(intermediate_size, embed_dim)
+        self.c_fc2 = Conv1D(intermediate_size, embed_dim) if self.swiglu else None
+        self.c_proj = Conv1D(embed_dim, intermediate_size)
+        self.act = SwiGLUActivation() if self.swiglu else ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.resid_pdrop)
+
+    def forward(self, hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]) -> torch.FloatTensor:
+        if self.swiglu:
+            hidden_states2 = self.c_fc2(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.c_fc(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.act(hidden_states, hidden_states2) if self.swiglu else self.act(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.c_proj(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        return hidden_states
+
+
+class JAISBlock(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, layer_idx=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
+        inner_dim = config.n_inner if config.n_inner is not None else 4 * hidden_size
+
+        self.ln_1 = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+        self.attn = JAISAttention(config, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+        self.ln_2 = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+
+        if config.add_cross_attention:
+            self.crossattention = JAISAttention(config, is_cross_attention=True, layer_idx=layer_idx)
+            self.ln_cross_attn = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+
+        self.mlp = JAISMLP(inner_dim, config)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]],
+        layer_past: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
+        position_bias: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.FloatTensor, ...]]]]:
+        residual = hidden_states
+        hidden_states = self.ln_1(hidden_states)
+        attn_outputs = self.attn(
+            hidden_states,
+            layer_past=layer_past,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            head_mask=head_mask,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            position_bias=position_bias,
+        )
+        attn_output = attn_outputs[0]  # output_attn: a, present, (attentions)
+        outputs = attn_outputs[1:]
+        # residual connection
+        hidden_states = attn_output + residual
+
+        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
+            # add one self-attention block for cross-attention
+            if not hasattr(self, "crossattention"):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"If `encoder_hidden_states` are passed, {self} has to be instantiated with "
+                    "cross-attention layers by setting `config.add_cross_attention=True`"
+                )
+            residual = hidden_states
+            hidden_states = self.ln_cross_attn(hidden_states)
+            cross_attn_outputs = self.crossattention(
+                hidden_states,
+                attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                head_mask=head_mask,
+                encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+                encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                position_bias=position_bias,
+            )
+            attn_output = cross_attn_outputs[0]
+            # residual connection
+            hidden_states = residual + attn_output
+            outputs = outputs + cross_attn_outputs[2:]  # add cross attentions if we output attention weights
+
+        residual = hidden_states
+        hidden_states = self.ln_2(hidden_states)
+        feed_forward_hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)
+        # residual connection
+        hidden_states = residual + feed_forward_hidden_states
+
+        if use_cache:
+            outputs = (hidden_states,) + outputs
+        else:
+            outputs = (hidden_states,) + outputs[1:]
+
+        return outputs  # hidden_states, present, (attentions, cross_attentions)
+
+
+class JAISPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
+    """
+    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
+    models.
+    """
+
+    config_class = JAISConfig
+    load_tf_weights = load_tf_weights_in_jais
+    base_model_prefix = "transformer"
+    is_parallelizable = True
+    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+    _no_split_modules = ["JAISBlock"]
+    _skip_keys_device_placement = "past_key_values"
+
+    def __init__(self, *inputs, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*inputs, **kwargs)
+
+    def _init_weights(self, module):
+        """Initialize the weights."""
+        mup_init_scale = math.sqrt(self.config.mup_width_scale)
+        if isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, Conv1D)):
+            # Slightly different from the TF version which uses truncated_normal for initialization
+            # cf https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/5617
+            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=(self.config.initializer_range * mup_init_scale))
+            if module.bias is not None:
+                module.bias.data.zero_()
+        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
+            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
+            if module.padding_idx is not None:
+                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()
+        elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
+            module.bias.data.zero_()
+            module.weight.data.fill_(1.0)
+
+        # Reinitialize selected weights subject to the OpenAI GPT-2 Paper Scheme:
+        #   > A modified initialization which accounts for the accumulation on the residual path with model depth. Scale
+        #   > the weights of residual layers at initialization by a factor of 1/√N where N is the # of residual layers.
+        #   >   -- GPT-2 :: https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/
+        #
+        # Reference (Megatron-LM): https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM/blob/main/megatron/model/gpt_model.py
+        for name, p in module.named_parameters():
+            if name == "c_proj.weight":
+                # Special Scaled Initialization --> There are 2 Layer Norms per Transformer Block
+                stddev = self.config.initializer_range * mup_init_scale / math.sqrt(2 * self.config.n_layer)
+                p.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=stddev)
+
+    def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module, value=False):
+        if isinstance(module, JAISModel):
+            module.gradient_checkpointing = value
+
+    def get_mup_param_groups(self, lr, weight_decay=0.0, decoupled_wd=True):
+        """
+        Returns list of dicts defining parameter groups for muP:
+        group 0: most model params get scaled learning rate and weight decay.
+        group 1: embedding layer gets non-scaled learning rate and weight decay.
+        group 2: normalization layers and biases get non-scaled learning rate only.
+
+        The output can be passed to Adam-base optimizers 
+        e.g.
+            param_groups = model.get_mup_param_groups(lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.1)
+            torch.optim.AdamW(param_groups, betas=(0.9, 0.95), eps=1e-8)
+        """
+        norm_modules = (
+            torch.nn.LayerNorm,
+            torch.nn.BatchNorm1d,
+            torch.nn.BatchNorm2d,
+            torch.nn.BatchNorm3d,
+            torch.nn.InstanceNorm1d,
+            torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d,
+            torch.nn.InstanceNorm3d,
+            torch.nn.GroupNorm,
+            torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm,
+            torch.nn.LocalResponseNorm,
+        )
+
+        def get_group_index(param_name):
+            for name, module in self.named_modules():
+                if name in param_name:
+                    if isinstance(module, norm_modules):
+                        return 2
+                    elif isinstance(module, torch.nn.Embedding):
+                        return 1
+            return 0
+
+        width_scale = self.config.mup_width_scale
+        new_param_groups = []
+        new_param_groups.append({"params": [], "lr": lr * width_scale, "weight_decay": weight_decay})
+        if not decoupled_wd:
+            new_param_groups[0]["weight_decay"] /= width_scale
+        new_param_groups.append({"params": [], "lr": lr, "weight_decay": weight_decay})
+        new_param_groups.append({"params": [], "lr": lr, "weight_decay": 0.0})
+
+        for name, param in self.named_parameters():
+            if not param.requires_grad:
+                continue
+
+            if name.endswith("bias"):
+                new_param_groups[2]["params"].append(param)
+            else:
+                new_param_groups[get_group_index(name)]["params"].append(param)
+
+        for idx, param_group in enumerate(new_param_groups):
+            if len(param_group["params"]) == 0:
+                del new_param_groups[idx]
+
+        return new_param_groups
+
+
+JAIS_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
+
+    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
+    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
+    etc.)
+
+    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
+    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
+    and behavior.
+
+    Parameters:
+        config ([`JAISConfig`]): Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model.
+            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the
+            configuration. Check out the [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
+"""
+
+JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    Args:
+        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`):
+            `input_ids_length` = `sequence_length` if `past_key_values` is `None` else
+            `past_key_values[0][0].shape[-2]` (`sequence_length` of input past key value states). Indices of input
+            sequence tokens in the vocabulary.
+
+            If `past_key_values` is used, only `input_ids` that do not have their past calculated should be passed as
+            `input_ids`.
+
+            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
+            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.
+
+            [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
+        past_key_values (`Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]` of length `config.n_layers`):
+            Contains precomputed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) as computed by the model (see
+            `past_key_values` output below). Can be used to speed up sequential decoding. The `input_ids` which have
+            their past given to this model should not be passed as `input_ids` as they have already been computed.
+        attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
+
+            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
+            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.
+
+            If `past_key_values` is used, `attention_mask` needs to contain the masking strategy that was used for
+            `past_key_values`. In other words, the `attention_mask` always has to have the length:
+            `len(past_key_values) + len(input_ids)`
+
+            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
+        token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, input_ids_length)`, *optional*):
+            Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0,
+            1]`:
+
+            - 0 corresponds to a *sentence A* token,
+            - 1 corresponds to a *sentence B* token.
+
+            [What are token type IDs?](../glossary#token-type-ids)
+        position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0,
+            config.max_position_embeddings - 1]`.
+
+            [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
+        head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
+            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:
+
+            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
+            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
+
+        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
+            Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
+            is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
+            model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
+
+            If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `inputs_embeds` have to be input (see
+            `past_key_values`).
+        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
+            If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
+            `past_key_values`).
+        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
+            tensors for more detail.
+        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
+            more detail.
+        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
+            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
+"""
+PARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    This is an experimental feature and is a subject to change at a moment's notice.
+
+    Uses a device map to distribute attention modules of the model across several devices. If no device map is given,
+    it will evenly distribute blocks across all devices.
+
+    Args:
+        device_map (`Dict[int, list]`, optional, defaults to None):
+            A dictionary that maps attention modules to devices. Note that the embedding module and LMHead are always
+            automatically mapped to the first device (for esoteric reasons). That means that the first device should
+            have fewer attention modules mapped to it than other devices. For reference, the gpt2 models have the
+            following number of attention modules:
+
+                - gpt2: 12
+                - gpt2-medium: 24
+                - gpt2-large: 36
+                - gpt2-xl: 48
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```python
+    # Here is an example of a device map on a machine with 4 GPUs using gpt2-xl, which has a total of 48 attention modules:
+    model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained("gpt2-xl")
+    device_map = {
+        0: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
+        1: [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21],
+        2: [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34],
+        3: [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47],
+    }
+    model.parallelize(device_map)
+    ```
+"""
+DEPARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    Moves the model to cpu from a model parallel state.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```python
+    # On a 4 GPU machine with gpt2-large:
+    model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained("gpt2-large")
+    device_map = {
+        0: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
+        1: [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+        2: [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23],
+        3: [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+    }
+    model.parallelize(device_map)  # Splits the model across several devices
+    model.deparallelize()  # Put the model back on cpu and cleans memory by calling torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+    ```
+"""
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    "The bare JAIS Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
+    JAIS_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class JAISModel(JAISPreTrainedModel):
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias"]
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r"attn.masked_bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias"]
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+
+        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
+
+        self.wte = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, self.embed_dim)
+        self.wpe = (
+            nn.Embedding(config.max_position_embeddings, self.embed_dim)
+            if config.position_embedding_type != "alibi"
+            else None
+        )
+        self.embeddings_scale = config.mup_embeddings_scale
+
+        self.drop = nn.Dropout(config.embd_pdrop)
+        self.h = nn.ModuleList([JAISBlock(config, layer_idx=i) for i in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
+        self.ln_f = nn.LayerNorm(self.embed_dim, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
+
+        self.relative_pe = (
+            AlibiPositionEmbeddingLayer(config.num_attention_heads, config.alibi_scaling)
+            if config.position_embedding_type == "alibi"
+            else None
+        )
+
+        # Model parallel
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    @add_start_docstrings(PARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING)
+    def parallelize(self, device_map=None):
+        # Check validity of device_map
+        warnings.warn(
+            "`JAISModel.parallelize` is deprecated and will be removed in v5 of Transformers, you should load your"
+            " model with `device_map='balanced'` in the call to `from_pretrained`. You can also provide your own"
+            " `device_map` but it needs to be a dictionary module_name to device, so for instance {'h.0': 0, 'h.1': 1,"
+            " ...}",
+            FutureWarning,
+        )
+        self.device_map = (
+            get_device_map(len(self.h), range(torch.cuda.device_count())) if device_map is None else device_map
+        )
+        assert_device_map(self.device_map, len(self.h))
+        self.model_parallel = True
+        self.first_device = "cpu" if "cpu" in self.device_map.keys() else "cuda:" + str(min(self.device_map.keys()))
+        self.last_device = "cuda:" + str(max(self.device_map.keys()))
+        self.wte = self.wte.to(self.first_device)
+        if self.wpe is not None:
+            self.wpe = self.wpe.to(self.first_device)
+        # Load onto devices
+        for k, v in self.device_map.items():
+            for block in v:
+                cuda_device = "cuda:" + str(k)
+                self.h[block] = self.h[block].to(cuda_device)
+        # ln_f to last
+        self.ln_f = self.ln_f.to(self.last_device)
+
+    @add_start_docstrings(DEPARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING)
+    def deparallelize(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Like `parallelize`, `deparallelize` is deprecated and will be removed in v5 of Transformers.",
+            FutureWarning,
+        )
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+        self.first_device = "cpu"
+        self.last_device = "cpu"
+        self.wte = self.wte.to("cpu")
+        if self.wpe is not None:
+            self.wpe = self.wpe.to("cpu")
+        for index in range(len(self.h)):
+            self.h[index] = self.h[index].to("cpu")
+        self.ln_f = self.ln_f.to("cpu")
+        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        return self.wte
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
+        self.wte = new_embeddings
+
+    def _prune_heads(self, heads_to_prune):
+        """
+        Prunes heads of the model. heads_to_prune: dict of {layer_num: list of heads to prune in this layer}
+        """
+        for layer, heads in heads_to_prune.items():
+            self.h[layer].attn.prune_heads(heads)
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+        output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]:
+        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
+        output_hidden_states = (
+            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
+        )
+        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
+            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
+        elif input_ids is not None:
+            input_shape = input_ids.size()
+            input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
+            batch_size = input_ids.shape[0]
+        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
+            input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
+            batch_size = inputs_embeds.shape[0]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")
+
+        device = input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.device
+
+        if token_type_ids is not None:
+            token_type_ids = token_type_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
+        if position_ids is not None:
+            position_ids = position_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
+
+        if past_key_values is None:
+            past_length = 0
+            past_key_values = tuple([None] * len(self.h))
+        else:
+            past_length = past_key_values[0][0].size(-2)
+        if position_ids is None:
+            position_ids = torch.arange(past_length, input_shape[-1] + past_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
+            position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0).view(-1, input_shape[-1])
+
+        # JAISAttention mask.
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            if batch_size <= 0:
+                raise ValueError("batch_size has to be defined and > 0")
+            attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, -1)
+            # We create a 3D attention mask from a 2D tensor mask.
+            # Sizes are [batch_size, 1, 1, to_seq_length]
+            # So we can broadcast to [batch_size, num_heads, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
+            # this attention mask is more simple than the triangular masking of causal attention
+            # used in OpenAI GPT, we just need to prepare the broadcast dimension here.
+            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]
+
+            # Since attention_mask is 1.0 for positions we want to attend and 0.0 for
+            # masked positions, this operation will create a tensor which is 0.0 for
+            # positions we want to attend and the dtype's smallest value for masked positions.
+            # Since we are adding it to the raw scores before the softmax, this is
+            # effectively the same as removing these entirely.
+            attention_mask = attention_mask.to(dtype=self.dtype)  # fp16 compatibility
+            attention_mask = (1.0 - attention_mask) * torch.finfo(self.dtype).min
+
+        # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
+        # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
+        if self.config.add_cross_attention and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
+            encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.size()
+            encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
+            if encoder_attention_mask is None:
+                encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=device)
+            encoder_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
+        else:
+            encoder_attention_mask = None
+
+        # Prepare head mask if needed
+        # 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
+        # attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
+        # head_mask has shape n_layer x batch x n_heads x N x N
+        head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.n_layer)
+
+        if inputs_embeds is None:
+            inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)
+        if self.wpe is not None:
+            position_embeds = self.wpe(position_ids)
+            hidden_states = inputs_embeds + position_embeds
+        else:
+            hidden_states = inputs_embeds
+        hidden_states *= torch.tensor(
+            float(self.embeddings_scale), dtype=hidden_states.dtype, device=hidden_states.device
+        )
+
+        if token_type_ids is not None:
+            token_type_embeds = self.wte(token_type_ids)
+            hidden_states = hidden_states + token_type_embeds
+
+        hidden_states = self.drop(hidden_states)
+
+        if self.relative_pe is not None:
+            length = input_ids.shape[1]
+            cached_kv_length = 0
+            cached_kv = past_key_values[0]
+            if cached_kv is not None:
+                cached_kv_length = cached_kv[0].shape[-2]
+            position_bias = self.relative_pe(length, length, cached_kv_length)
+        else:
+            position_bias = None
+
+        output_shape = input_shape + (hidden_states.size(-1),)
+
+        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+            if use_cache:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
+                )
+                use_cache = False
+
+        presents = () if use_cache else None
+        all_self_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
+        all_cross_attentions = () if output_attentions and self.config.add_cross_attention else None
+        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
+        for i, (block, layer_past) in enumerate(zip(self.h, past_key_values)):
+            # Model parallel
+            if self.model_parallel:
+                torch.cuda.set_device(hidden_states.device)
+                # Ensure layer_past is on same device as hidden_states (might not be correct)
+                if layer_past is not None:
+                    layer_past = tuple(past_state.to(hidden_states.device) for past_state in layer_past)
+                # Ensure that attention_mask is always on the same device as hidden_states
+                if attention_mask is not None:
+                    attention_mask = attention_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
+                if isinstance(head_mask, torch.Tensor):
+                    head_mask = head_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
+            if output_hidden_states:
+                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
+
+            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
+
+                def create_custom_forward(module):
+                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
+                        # None for past_key_value
+                        return module(*inputs, use_cache, output_attentions)
+
+                    return custom_forward
+
+                outputs = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(
+                    create_custom_forward(block),
+                    hidden_states,
+                    None,
+                    attention_mask,
+                    head_mask[i],
+                    encoder_hidden_states,
+                    encoder_attention_mask,
+                )
+            else:
+                outputs = block(
+                    hidden_states,
+                    layer_past=layer_past,
+                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                    head_mask=head_mask[i],
+                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+                    use_cache=use_cache,
+                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                    position_bias=position_bias,
+                )
+
+            hidden_states = outputs[0]
+            if use_cache is True:
+                presents = presents + (outputs[1],)
+
+            if output_attentions:
+                all_self_attentions = all_self_attentions + (outputs[2 if use_cache else 1],)
+                if self.config.add_cross_attention:
+                    all_cross_attentions = all_cross_attentions + (outputs[3 if use_cache else 2],)
+
+            # Model Parallel: If it's the last layer for that device, put things on the next device
+            if self.model_parallel:
+                for k, v in self.device_map.items():
+                    if i == v[-1] and "cuda:" + str(k) != self.last_device:
+                        hidden_states = hidden_states.to("cuda:" + str(k + 1))
+
+        hidden_states = self.ln_f(hidden_states)
+
+        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(output_shape)
+        # Add last hidden state
+        if output_hidden_states:
+            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            return tuple(
+                v
+                for v in [hidden_states, presents, all_hidden_states, all_self_attentions, all_cross_attentions]
+                if v is not None
+            )
+
+        return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
+            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
+            past_key_values=presents,
+            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
+            attentions=all_self_attentions,
+            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
+        )
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    """
+    The JAIS Model transformer with a language modeling head on top (linear layer with weights tied to the input
+    embeddings).
+    """,
+    JAIS_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class JAISLMHeadModel(JAISPreTrainedModel):
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r"lm_head.weight"]
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias"]
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.transformer = JAISModel(config)
+        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
+        self.output_logits_scale = config.mup_output_alpha * config.mup_width_scale
+
+        # Model parallel
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    @add_start_docstrings(PARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING)
+    def parallelize(self, device_map=None):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "`JAISLMHeadModel.parallelize` is deprecated and will be removed in v5 of Transformers, you should load"
+            " your model with `device_map='balanced'` in the call to `from_pretrained`. You can also provide your own"
+            " `device_map` but it needs to be a dictionary module_name to device, so for instance {'transformer.h.0':"
+            " 0, 'transformer.h.1': 1, ...}",
+            FutureWarning,
+        )
+        self.device_map = (
+            get_device_map(len(self.transformer.h), range(torch.cuda.device_count()))
+            if device_map is None
+            else device_map
+        )
+        assert_device_map(self.device_map, len(self.transformer.h))
+        self.transformer.parallelize(self.device_map)
+        self.lm_head = self.lm_head.to(self.transformer.first_device)
+        self.model_parallel = True
+
+    @add_start_docstrings(DEPARALLELIZE_DOCSTRING)
+    def deparallelize(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Like `parallelize`, `deparallelize` is deprecated and will be removed in v5 of Transformers.",
+            FutureWarning,
+        )
+        self.transformer.deparallelize()
+        self.transformer = self.transformer.to("cpu")
+        self.lm_head = self.lm_head.to("cpu")
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+
+    def get_output_embeddings(self):
+        return self.lm_head
+
+    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
+        self.lm_head = new_embeddings
+
+    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, inputs_embeds=None, **kwargs):
+        token_type_ids = kwargs.get("token_type_ids", None)
+        # only last token for inputs_ids if past is defined in kwargs
+        if past_key_values:
+            input_ids = input_ids[:, -1].unsqueeze(-1)
+            if token_type_ids is not None:
+                token_type_ids = token_type_ids[:, -1].unsqueeze(-1)
+
+        attention_mask = kwargs.get("attention_mask", None)
+        position_ids = kwargs.get("position_ids", None)
+
+        if attention_mask is not None and position_ids is None:
+            # create position_ids on the fly for batch generation
+            position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1
+            position_ids.masked_fill_(attention_mask == 0, 1)
+            if past_key_values:
+                position_ids = position_ids[:, -1].unsqueeze(-1)
+        else:
+            position_ids = None
+
+        # if `inputs_embeds` are passed, we only want to use them in the 1st generation step
+        if inputs_embeds is not None and past_key_values is None:
+            model_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds}
+        else:
+            model_inputs = {"input_ids": input_ids}
+
+        model_inputs.update(
+            {
+                "past_key_values": past_key_values,
+                "use_cache": kwargs.get("use_cache"),
+                "position_ids": position_ids,
+                "attention_mask": attention_mask,
+                "token_type_ids": token_type_ids,
+            }
+        )
+        return model_inputs
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+        output_type=CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]:
+        r"""
+        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
+            `labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100`
+            are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
+        """
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        transformer_outputs = self.transformer(
+            input_ids,
+            past_key_values=past_key_values,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
+            position_ids=position_ids,
+            head_mask=head_mask,
+            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+            encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+        )
+        hidden_states = transformer_outputs[0]
+
+        # Set device for model parallelism
+        if self.model_parallel:
+            torch.cuda.set_device(self.transformer.first_device)
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(self.lm_head.weight.device)
+
+        lm_logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)
+        lm_logits *= torch.tensor(float(self.output_logits_scale), dtype=lm_logits.dtype, device=lm_logits.device)
+
+        loss = None
+        if labels is not None:
+            # move labels to correct device to enable model parallelism
+            labels = labels.to(lm_logits.device)
+            # Shift so that tokens < n predict n
+            shift_logits = lm_logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
+            shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
+            # Flatten the tokens
+            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
+            loss = loss_fct(shift_logits.view(-1, shift_logits.size(-1)), shift_labels.view(-1))
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            output = (lm_logits,) + transformer_outputs[1:]
+            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output
+
+        return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
+            loss=loss,
+            logits=lm_logits,
+            past_key_values=transformer_outputs.past_key_values,
+            hidden_states=transformer_outputs.hidden_states,
+            attentions=transformer_outputs.attentions,
+            cross_attentions=transformer_outputs.cross_attentions,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _reorder_cache(
+        past_key_values: Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]], beam_idx: torch.Tensor
+    ) -> Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]:
+        """
+        This function is used to re-order the `past_key_values` cache if [`~PreTrainedModel.beam_search`] or
+        [`~PreTrainedModel.beam_sample`] is called. This is required to match `past_key_values` with the correct
+        beam_idx at every generation step.
+        """
+        return tuple(
+            tuple(past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx.to(past_state.device)) for past_state in layer_past)
+            for layer_past in past_key_values
+        )
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    """
+    The JAIS Model transformer with a sequence classification head on top (linear layer).
+
+    [`JAISForSequenceClassification`] uses the last token in order to do the classification, as other causal models
+    (e.g. GPT-1) do.
+
+    Since it does classification on the last token, it requires to know the position of the last token. If a
+    `pad_token_id` is defined in the configuration, it finds the last token that is not a padding token in each row. If
+    no `pad_token_id` is defined, it simply takes the last value in each row of the batch. Since it cannot guess the
+    padding tokens when `inputs_embeds` are passed instead of `input_ids`, it does the same (take the last value in
+    each row of the batch).
+    """,
+    JAIS_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class JAISForSequenceClassification(JAISPreTrainedModel):
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias"]
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias", r"lm_head.weight"]
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.num_labels = config.num_labels
+        self.transformer = JAISModel(config)
+        self.score = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, self.num_labels, bias=False)
+        self.output_logits_scale = config.mup_output_alpha * config.mup_width_scale
+
+        # Model parallel
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint="microsoft/DialogRPT-updown",
+        output_type=SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast]:
+        r"""
+        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
+            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
+            `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
+        """
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        transformer_outputs = self.transformer(
+            input_ids,
+            past_key_values=past_key_values,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
+            position_ids=position_ids,
+            head_mask=head_mask,
+            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+        )
+        hidden_states = transformer_outputs[0]
+        logits = self.score(hidden_states)
+        logits *= torch.tensor(float(self.output_logits_scale), dtype=logits.dtype, device=logits.device)
+
+        if input_ids is not None:
+            batch_size, sequence_length = input_ids.shape[:2]
+        else:
+            batch_size, sequence_length = inputs_embeds.shape[:2]
+
+        assert (
+            self.config.pad_token_id is not None or batch_size == 1
+        ), "Cannot handle batch sizes > 1 if no padding token is defined."
+        if self.config.pad_token_id is None:
+            sequence_lengths = -1
+        else:
+            if input_ids is not None:
+                sequence_lengths = (torch.ne(input_ids, self.config.pad_token_id).sum(-1) - 1).to(logits.device)
+            else:
+                sequence_lengths = -1
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"{self.__class__.__name__} will not detect padding tokens in `inputs_embeds`. Results may be "
+                    "unexpected if using padding tokens in conjunction with `inputs_embeds.`"
+                )
+
+        pooled_logits = logits[torch.arange(batch_size, device=logits.device), sequence_lengths]
+
+        loss = None
+        if labels is not None:
+            if self.config.problem_type is None:
+                if self.num_labels == 1:
+                    self.config.problem_type = "regression"
+                elif self.num_labels > 1 and (labels.dtype == torch.long or labels.dtype == torch.int):
+                    self.config.problem_type = "single_label_classification"
+                else:
+                    self.config.problem_type = "multi_label_classification"
+
+            if self.config.problem_type == "regression":
+                loss_fct = MSELoss()
+                if self.num_labels == 1:
+                    loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits.squeeze(), labels.squeeze())
+                else:
+                    loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits, labels)
+            elif self.config.problem_type == "single_label_classification":
+                loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
+                loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
+            elif self.config.problem_type == "multi_label_classification":
+                loss_fct = BCEWithLogitsLoss()
+                loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits, labels)
+        if not return_dict:
+            output = (pooled_logits,) + transformer_outputs[1:]
+            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output
+
+        return SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast(
+            loss=loss,
+            logits=pooled_logits,
+            past_key_values=transformer_outputs.past_key_values,
+            hidden_states=transformer_outputs.hidden_states,
+            attentions=transformer_outputs.attentions,
+        )
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    """
+    JAIS Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for
+    Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks.
+    """,
+    JAIS_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class JAISForTokenClassification(JAISPreTrainedModel):
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.num_labels = config.num_labels
+
+        self.transformer = JAISModel(config)
+        if hasattr(config, "classifier_dropout") and config.classifier_dropout is not None:
+            classifier_dropout = config.classifier_dropout
+        elif hasattr(config, "hidden_dropout") and config.hidden_dropout is not None:
+            classifier_dropout = config.hidden_dropout
+        else:
+            classifier_dropout = 0.1
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(classifier_dropout)
+        self.classifier = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_labels)
+        self.output_logits_scale = config.mup_output_alpha * config.mup_width_scale
+
+        # Model parallel
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    # fmt: off
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint="brad1141/gpt2-finetuned-comp2",
+        output_type=TokenClassifierOutput,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+        expected_loss=0.25,
+        expected_output=["Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Position", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead", "Lead"],
+    )
+    # fmt: on
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, TokenClassifierOutput]:
+        r"""
+        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
+            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
+            `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
+        """
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        transformer_outputs = self.transformer(
+            input_ids,
+            past_key_values=past_key_values,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
+            position_ids=position_ids,
+            head_mask=head_mask,
+            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+        )
+
+        hidden_states = transformer_outputs[0]
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        logits = self.classifier(hidden_states)
+        logits *= torch.tensor(float(self.output_logits_scale), dtype=logits.dtype, device=logits.device)
+
+        loss = None
+        if labels is not None:
+            labels = labels.to(logits.device)
+            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
+            loss = loss_fct(logits.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            output = (logits,) + transformer_outputs[2:]
+            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output
+
+        return TokenClassifierOutput(
+            loss=loss,
+            logits=logits,
+            hidden_states=transformer_outputs.hidden_states,
+            attentions=transformer_outputs.attentions,
+        )
+
+
+@add_start_docstrings(
+    """
+    The JAIS Model transformer with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like
+    SQuAD (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).
+    """,
+    JAIS_START_DOCSTRING,
+)
+class JAISForQuestionAnswering(JAISPreTrainedModel):
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias"]
+    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [r"h\.\d+\.attn\.masked_bias", r"h\.\d+\.attn\.bias", r"lm_head.weight"]
+
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.num_labels = config.num_labels
+        self.transformer = JAISModel(config)
+        self.qa_outputs = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, 2)
+        self.output_logits_scale = config.mup_output_alpha * config.mup_width_scale
+
+        # Model parallel
+        self.model_parallel = False
+        self.device_map = None
+        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(JAIS_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("batch_size, sequence_length"))
+    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+        checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+        output_type=QuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
+        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+        real_checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+    )
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        start_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        end_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
+        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
+        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Union[Tuple, QuestionAnsweringModelOutput]:
+        r"""
+        start_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
+            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
+            are not taken into account for computing the loss.
+        end_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
+            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
+            are not taken into account for computing the loss.
+        """
+        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
+
+        outputs = self.transformer(
+            input_ids,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
+            position_ids=position_ids,
+            head_mask=head_mask,
+            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+        )
+
+        sequence_output = outputs[0]
+
+        logits = self.qa_outputs(sequence_output)
+        logits *= torch.tensor(float(self.output_logits_scale), dtype=logits.dtype, device=logits.device)
+        start_logits, end_logits = logits.split(1, dim=-1)
+        start_logits = start_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()
+        end_logits = end_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()
+
+        total_loss = None
+        if start_positions is not None and end_positions is not None:
+            # If we are on multi-GPU, split add a dimension
+            if len(start_positions.size()) > 1:
+                start_positions = start_positions.squeeze(-1).to(start_logits.device)
+            if len(end_positions.size()) > 1:
+                end_positions = end_positions.squeeze(-1).to(end_logits.device)
+            # sometimes the start/end positions are outside our model inputs, we ignore these terms
+            ignored_index = start_logits.size(1)
+            start_positions = start_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)
+            end_positions = end_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)
+
+            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=ignored_index)
+            start_loss = loss_fct(start_logits, start_positions)
+            end_loss = loss_fct(end_logits, end_positions)
+            total_loss = (start_loss + end_loss) / 2
+
+        if not return_dict:
+            output = (start_logits, end_logits) + outputs[2:]
+            return ((total_loss,) + output) if total_loss is not None else output
+
+        return QuestionAnsweringModelOutput(
+            loss=total_loss,
+            start_logits=start_logits,
+            end_logits=end_logits,
+            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
+            attentions=outputs.attentions,
+        )