git-lfs-migrate - Migrate history to or from Git LFS
git lfs migrate mode [options] [--] [branch ...]
Convert files in a Git repository to or from Git LFS pointers, or
summarize Git file sizes by file type. The import mode converts Git
files (i.e., blobs) to Git LFS, while the export mode does the reverse,
and the info mode provides an informational summary which may be useful
in deciding which files to import or export.
In all modes, by default git lfs migrate operates only on the currently
checked-out branch, and only on files (of any size and type) added in
commits which do not exist on any remote. Multiple options are available
to override these defaults.
When converting files to or from Git LFS, the git lfs migrate command will
only make changes to your local repository and working copy, never any
remotes. This is intentional as the import and export modes are
generally "destructive" in the sense that they rewrite your Git history,
changing commits and generating new commit SHAs. (The exception is the
"no-rewrite" import sub-mode; see [IMPORT (NO REWRITE)] for details.)
You should therefore always first commit or stash any uncommitted work
before using the import or export modes, and then validate the result of
the migration before pushing the changes to your remotes, for instance by
running the info mode and by examining your rewritten commit history.
Once you are satisfied with the changes, you will need to force-push the new Git history of any rewritten branches to all your remotes. This is a step which should be taken with care, since you will be altering the Git history on your remotes.
To examine or modify files in branches other than the currently checked-out
one, branch refs may be specified directly, or provided in one or more
--include-ref options. They may also be excluded by prefixing them
with ^ or providing them in --exclude-ref options. Use the --everything
option to specify that all refs should be examined, including all remote refs.
See [INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE (REFS)] for details.
For the info and import modes, all file types are considered by default;
while useful in the info mode, this is often not desirable when importing,
so either filename patterns (pathspecs) or the --fixup option should
normally be specified in that case. (At least one include pathspec is
required for the export mode.) Pathspecs may be defined using the
--include and --exclude options (-I and -X for short), as described
in INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE.
As typical Git LFS usage depends on tracking specific file types using
filename patterns defined in .gitattributes files, the git lfs migrate
command will examine, create, and modify .gitattributes files as
necessary.
The import mode (see IMPORT) will convert Git objects of the file types
specified (e.g., with --include) to Git LFS pointers, and will add entries
for those file types to .gitattributes files, creating those files if they
do not exist. The result should be as if git lfs track commands had been
run at the points in your Git history corresponding to where each type of
converted file first appears. The exception is if the --fixup option is
given, in which case the import mode will only examine any existing
.gitattributes files and then convert Git objects which should be tracked
by Git LFS but are not yet.
The export mode (see EXPORT) works as the reverse operation to the
import mode, converting any Git LFS pointers that match the file types
specified with --include, which must be given at least once. Note that
.gitattributes entries will not be removed, nor will the files; instead,
the export mode inserts "do not track" entries similar to those created
by the git lfs untrack command. The --remote option is available in
the export mode to specify the remote from which Git LFS objects should
be fetched if they do not exist in the local Git LFS object cache; if not
provided, origin is used by default.
The info mode (see INFO) summarizes by file type (i.e., by filename
extension) the total number and size of files in a repository. Note that
like the other two modes, by default the info mode operates only on
the currently checked-out branch and only on commits which do not exist on
any remote, so to get a summary of the entire repository across all branches,
use the --everything option. If objects have already been converted to
Git LFS pointers, then by default the size of the referenced objects is
totaled and reported separately. You may also choose to ignore them by
using --pointers=ignore or to treat the pointers as files by using
--pointers=no-follow. (The latter option is akin to how existing Git LFS
pointers were handled by the info mode in prior versions of Git LFS).
When using the --everything option, take note that it means all refs
(local and remote) will be considered, but not necessarily all file types.
The import and info modes consider all file types by default, although
the --include and --exclude options constrain this behavior. Also
note that after importing across all branches with the --everything option
(and then checking to ensure the results are satisfactory!) it may be
convenient to update multiple branches on your remotes by using the --all
option to git push.
Unless the --skip-fetch option is given, git lfs migrate always begins by
fetching updated lists of refs from all the remotes returned by git remote,
but as noted above, after making changes to your local Git history while
converting objects, it will never automatically push those changes to your
remotes.
info
Show information about repository size. See INFO.
import
Convert Git objects to Git LFS pointers. See IMPORT and [IMPORT (NO REWRITE)].
export
Convert Git LFS pointers to Git objects. See EXPORT.
-I paths --include=pathsSee INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE.
-X paths --exclude=pathsSee INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE.
--include-ref=refnameSee [INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE (REFS)].
--exclude-ref=refnameSee [INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE (REFS)].
--skip-fetch Assumes that the known set of remote references is complete, and should not
be refreshed when determining the set of "un-pushed" commits to migrate. Has
no effect when combined with --include-ref or --exclude-ref.
--everythingSee [INCLUDE AND EXCLUDE (REFS)].
Note: Git refs are "case-sensitive" on all platforms in "packed from" (see
git-pack-refs(1)). On "case-insensitive" file systems, e.g. NTFS on Windows
or default APFS on macOS, git-lfs-migrate(1) would only migrate the first
ref if two or more refs are equal except for upper/lower case letters.
--yesAssume a yes answer to any prompts, permitting noninteractive use. Currently, the only such prompt is the one asking whether to overwrite (destroy) any working copy changes. Thus, specifying this option may cause data loss if you are not careful.
Migrate only the set of branches listed. If not given, git-lfs-migrate(1)
will migrate the currently checked out branch.
References beginning with ^ will be excluded, whereas branches that do not
begin with ^ will be included.
If any of --include-ref or --exclude-ref are given, the checked out
branch will not be appended, but branches given explicitly will be appended.
The info mode summarizes the sizes of file objects present in the Git history.
It supports all the core migrate options and these additional ones:
--above=<size>
Only count files whose individual filesize is above the given size. size
may be specified as a number of bytes, or a number followed by a storage
unit, e.g., "1b", "20 MB", "3 TiB", etc.
If a set of files sharing a common extension has no files in that set whose
individual size is above the given --above no files no entry for that set
will be shown.
--top=<n>
Only display the top n entries, ordered by how many total files match the
given pathspec. The default is to show only the top 5 entries. When
existing Git LFS objects are found, an extra, separate "LFS Objects" line
is output in addition to the top n entries, unless the --pointers
option is used to change this behavior.
--unit=<unit>
Format the number of bytes in each entry as a quantity of the storage unit
provided. Valid units include:
* b, kib, mib, gib, tib, pib - for IEC storage units
* b, kb, mb, gb, tb, pb - for SI storage units
If a --unit is not specified, the largest unit that can fit the number of
counted bytes as a whole number quantity is chosen.
--pointers=[follow|no-follow|ignore]
Treat existing Git LFS pointers in the history according to one of three
alternatives. In the default follow case, if any pointers are found,
an additional separate "LFS Objects" line item is output which summarizes
the total number and size of the Git LFS objects referenced by pointers.
In the ignore case, any pointers are simply ignored, while the no-follow
case replicates the behavior of the info mode in older Git LFS versions
and treats any pointers it finds as if they were regular files, so the
output totals only include the contents of the pointers, not the contents
of the objects to which they refer.
--fixup
Infer --include and --exclude filters on a per-commit basis based on the
.gitattributes files in a repository. In practice, this option counts any
filepaths which should be tracked by Git LFS according to the repository's
.gitattributes file(s), but aren't already pointers. The .gitattributes
files are not reported, in contrast to the normal output of the info mode.
This option is incompatible with explicitly given --include, --exclude
filters and with any --pointers setting other than ignore, hence
--fixup implies --pointers=ignore if it is not explicitly set.
The format of the output shows the filename pattern, the total size of the
file objects (excluding those below the --above threshold, if one was
defined), and the ratio of the number of files above the threshold to the
total number of files; this ratio is also shown as a percentage. For example:
*.gif 93 MB 9480/10504 files(s) 90%
*.png 14 MB 1732/1877 files(s) 92%
By default only the top five entries are shown, but --top allows for
more or fewer to be output as desired.
The import mode migrates objects present in the Git history to pointer
files tracked and stored with Git LFS. It supports all the core migrate
options and these additional ones:
--verbose
Print the commit oid and filename of migrated files to STDOUT.
--above=<size>
Only migrate files whose individual filesize is above the given size. size
may be specified as a number of bytes, or a number followed by a storage
unit, e.g., "1b", "20 MB", "3 TiB", etc.
--object-map=<path>
Write to path a file with the mapping of each rewritten commits. The file
format is CSV with this pattern: OLD-SHA,NEW-SHA
--no-rewrite
Migrate objects to Git LFS in a new commit without rewriting Git
history. Please note that when this option is used, the migrate import
command will expect a different argument list, specialized options will
become available, and the core migrate options will be ignored. See
[IMPORT (NO REWRITE)].
--fixup
Infer --include and --exclude filters on a per-commit basis based on the
.gitattributes files in a repository. In practice, this option imports any
filepaths which should be tracked by Git LFS according to the repository's
.gitattributes file(s), but aren't already pointers. This option is
incompatible with explicitly given --include, --exclude filters.
If --no-rewrite is not provided and --include or --exclude (-I, -X,
respectively) are given, the .gitattributes will be modified to include any
new filepath patterns as given by those flags.
If --no-rewrite is not provided and neither of those flags are given, the
gitattributes will be incrementally modified to include new filepath extensions
as they are rewritten in history.
The import mode has a special sub-mode enabled by the --no-rewrite flag.
This sub-mode will migrate objects to pointers as in the base import
mode, but will do so in a new commit without rewriting Git history. When using
this sub-mode, the base migrate options, such as --include-ref, will be
ignored, as will those for the base import mode. The migrate command will
also take a different argument list. As a result of these changes,
--no-rewrite will only operate on the current branch - any other interested
branches must have the generated commit merged in.
The --no-rewrite sub-mode supports the following options and arguments:
-m <message> --message=<message>
Specifies a commit message for the newly created commit.
[file ...] The list of files to import. These files must be tracked by patterns specified in the gitattributes.
If --message is given, the new commit will be created with the provided
message. If no message is given, a commit message will be generated based on the
file arguments.
The export mode migrates Git LFS pointer files present in the Git history out
of Git LFS, converting them into their corresponding object files. It supports
all the core migrate options and these additional ones:
--verbose
Print the commit oid and filename of migrated files to STDOUT.
--object-map=<path>
Write to path a file with the mapping of each rewritten commit. The file
format is CSV with this pattern: OLD-SHA,NEW-SHA
--remote=<git-remote>
Download LFS objects from the provided git-remote during the export. If
not provided, defaults to origin.
The export mode requires at minimum a pattern provided with the --include
argument to specify which files to export. Files matching the --include
patterns will be removed from Git LFS, while files matching the --exclude
patterns will retain their Git LFS status. The export command will modify the
.gitattributes to set/unset any filepath patterns as given by those flags.
You can specify that git lfs migrate should only convert files whose
pathspec matches the --include glob patterns and does not match the
--exclude glob patterns, either to reduce total migration time or to only
migrate part of your repo. Multiple patterns may be given using commas
as delimiters.
Pattern matching is done so as to be functionally equivalent to the pattern
matching format of .gitattributes. In addition to simple file extension
matches (e.g., *.gif) patterns may also specify directory paths, in which
case the path/** format may be used to match recursively.
You can specify that git lfs migrate should only convert files added
in commits reachable from certain references, namely those defined using one
or more --include-ref options, and should ignore files in commits reachable
from references defined in --exclude-ref options.
D---E---F
/ \
A---B------C refs/heads/my-feature
\ \
\ refs/heads/main
\
refs/remotes/origin/main
In the above configuration, the following commits are reachable by each ref:
refs/heads/main: C, B, A
refs/heads/my-feature: F, E, D, B, A
refs/remote/origin/main: A
The following git lfs migrate options would, therefore, include commits
F, E, D, C, and B, but exclude commit A:
--include-ref=refs/heads/my-feature
--include-ref=refs/heads/main
--exclude-ref=refs/remotes/origin/main
The presence of flag --everything indicates that all local and remote
references should be migrated.
A common use case for the migrate command is to convert large Git objects to LFS before pushing your commits. By default, it only scans commits that don't exist on any remote, so long as the repository is non-bare.
First, run git lfs migrate info to list the file types taking up the most
space in your repository:
$ git lfs migrate info
migrate: Fetching remote refs: ..., done
migrate: Sorting commits: ..., done
migrate: Examining commits: 100% (1/1), done
*.mp3 284 MB 1/1 files(s) 100%
*.pdf 42 MB 8/8 files(s) 100%
*.psd 9.8 MB 15/15 files(s) 100%
*.ipynb 6.9 MB 6/6 files(s) 100%
*.csv 5.8 MB 2/2 files(s) 100%
Now, you can run git lfs migrate import to convert some file types to LFS:
$ git lfs migrate import --include="*.mp3,*.psd"
migrate: Fetching remote refs: ..., done
migrate: Sorting commits: ..., done
migrate: Rewriting commits: 100% (1/1), done
main d2b959babd099fe70da1c1512e2475e8a24de163 -> 136e706bf1ae79643915c134e17a6c933fd53c61
migrate: Updating refs: ..., done
If after conversion you find that some files in your working directory have
been replaced with Git LFS pointers, this is normal, and the working copies
of these files can be repopulated with their full expected contents by using
git lfs checkout.
You can also migrate the entire history of your repository:
# Check for large files and existing Git LFS objects in your local main branch
$ git lfs migrate info --include-ref=main
# Check for large files and existing Git LFS objects in every branch
$ git lfs migrate info --everything
# Check for large files in every branch, ignoring any existing Git LFS objects,
# and listing the top 100 or fewer results
$ git lfs migrate info --everything --pointers=ignore --top=100
The same flags will work in import mode:
# Convert all zip files in your main branch
$ git lfs migrate import --include-ref=main --include="*.zip"
# Convert all zip files in every local branch
$ git lfs migrate import --everything --include="*.zip"
# Convert all files over 100K in every local branch
$ git lfs migrate import --everything --above=100Kb
Note: This will require a force-push to any existing Git remotes. Using
the --all option when force-pushing may be convenient if many refs were
updated, e.g., after importing to Git LFS with the --everything option.
You can also migrate files without modifying the existing history of your repository. Note that in the examples below, files in subdirectories are not included because they are not explicitly specified.
Without a specified commit message:
$ git lfs migrate import --no-rewrite test.zip *.mp3 *.psd
With a specified commit message:
$ git lfs migrate import --no-rewrite \
-m "Import test.zip, .mp3, .psd files in root of repo" \
test.zip *.mp3 *.psd
git-lfs-checkout(1), git-lfs-track(1), git-lfs-untrack(1), gitattributes(5).
Part of the git-lfs(1) suite.