--- tags: - sentence-transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - generated_from_trainer - dataset_size:48000 - loss:TripletLoss base_model: allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base widget: - source_sentence: 'PURPOSE To establish technical values for nursing diagnoses in primary healthcare with which to weight the delivery of care based on criteria of complexity and relevance. METHODS A threephase crosssectional descriptive study: ( ) establishing and weighting of the assessment criteria of technical values, ( ) scoring of the assessment criteria per diagnosis, and ( ) assigning technical values. FINDINGS Diagnoses were ordered on the scoring scale obtained and a technical value of to was assigned according to their quartile. CONCLUSIONS Having a technical value for each nursing diagnosis helps to measure the diversity and complexity of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Technical values may contribute to improving nursing management indicators, as they incorporate a quantitative view into the assessment process.' sentences: - Two experiments were accomplished which involved time-intensity trades on a lateralization task. In the first experiment, subjects adjusted interaural time differences between binaural stimuli to compensate for interaural intensity disparities. In the second, the same listeners adjusted the interaural intensity relationship to offset interaural time differences. Three pure tones ( , , and Hz) were employed as binaural stimuli. The two experiments yielded substantially different time-intensity trading ratios for large values of interaural time differences and intensity disparities. This finding supplies evidence of a new type that the time-intensity trading ratio does not accurately reflect the central auditory processes that are involved with interaural time and intensity on a lateralization task. - The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) constitute a system of tissue growth that can regenerate damaged tissue. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of PRP and HA in treatment of complications of Achilles tendon reconstruction.We selected ten patients affected by Achilles tendon injuries resulting from post-surgical complications subsequent to tenorrhaphy and have treated them with autologous PRP in combination with HA to evaluate the improvement of lesions with wound closure.The treatment with PRP and HA for post-surgical complications of Achilles tendon was effective in healing and regeneration of soft and hard tissues. The healing time was shortened, and the treated area preserved a satisfying strength in plantar flexion and extension of the ankle, denoting to a decisive improvement in texture and a more rapid healing and a good cutaneous elasticity, with a significant reduction of the costs of hospitalization and the pain already the immediate postoperatively. The functional rehabilitation in terms of deambulation and joint mobility was complete.The treatment we proposed allowed an easier and more rapid wound closure with excellent aesthetic improvement. Furthermore, the minimally invasive technique is well tolerated by patients. - 'to analyze accuracy measures of the clinical indicators of Readiness for enhanced health management in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus METHODS: prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted with patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, followed up in primary healthcare. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit participants. An assessment form was applied with sociodemographic data, health conditions, and information related to the clinical indicators under investigation. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were analyzed FINDINGS: the sample was composed of participants. The prevalence of Readiness for enhanced health management was %. There was a statistically significant association between the diagnosis and age under years (p < ), having only one chronic condition (p < ), having normal blood pressure (p = ) and blood glucose (p = ) values, and having a nonsedentary (p = ) and nonalcoholic (p = ) lifestyle. All clinical indicators had high predictive values in predicting the nursing diagnosis under investigation. The indicator expresses desire to enhance management of symptoms was the most sensitive ( %) and specific ( %). The indicator expresses desire to enhance management of prescribed regimens was also highly specific ( %) CONCLUSION: all clinical indicators were accurate in predicting Readiness for enhanced health management IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: knowing which clinical indicators and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics best predict Readiness for enhanced health management, nurses in primary care can better plan nursing interventions and direct their goals.' - source_sentence: Third party logistics (0PL) supplier selection problem is a multi-criteria selection problem that is frequently discussed in the literature. Medicine is a fundamental element for human health and drug transportation must be carried out on time and under conditions that will ensure that the drug does not lose its physical properties. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the foremost and most important sectors in 0PL. In this multi-criteria problem where the evaluation criteria are linguistic rather than numerical, vagueness and impreciseness in evaluations can only be handled with the help of fuzzy sets. With the help of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, one of the new extensions of fuzzy sets, the vagueness and impreciseness here will be discussed and the 0PL supplier selection problem will be tried to be solved with the TOPSIS method, which is one of the most used MCDM methods in the literature. The use of Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets will add more flexibility and accuracy to the assessment. Thus, the Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to solve the 0PL supplier selection problem and the robustness of the decisions taken is tested with a sensitivity analysis. sentences: - Recently, the popularity of big data and business analytics has increased with advanced technological developments. Supply chain analytics (SCA) notion was born with the implementation of these technologies in supply chains that become more global, more complex, more extended, and more connected each day. SCA aims to find meaningful patterns in supply chain processes with the application of statistics, mathematics, machine-learning techniques, and predictive modeling. In this context, companies try to find ways to create business value for their supply chains by leveraging SCA. However, the selection of the most appropriate SCA tool is a complicated process that contains many influencing factors. For instance, the graphical and intuitive features, the data extraction method and real-time operability can be the influencing factors for such a selection. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to provide an integrated technique for prioritizing SCA success factors and for evaluating SCA tools. For addressing these problems, fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques are used. An integrated fuzzy simple additive weighting (SAW) - a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach is applied. The weights of the success factors are calculated by using fuzzy SAW technique, and the SCA tools are evaluated by using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The success factors and the SCA tool alternatives are determined by reviewing the literature and industry reports, and by collecting experts' opinions. An application is given to illustrate the potential of the proposed approach. At the end of the study, the suggestions for future studies are presented. - Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured for various ecogeochemical samples relevant to bat guano ecosystems. In particular, ca. -year-old subfossil guano from Jackson's Bay Cave Compex, Jamaica, yielded ratios similar to the modern guano from other Jamaican bat caves but quite different from modern guano of the same area. Diagenetic change and differences in bat food habits were unlikely explanations for the observation. Instead, insects that feed on C0 and CAM plants were the main prey for the bats in present Jackson's Bay area, while the ultimate source of organic matter for bats in other Jamaican caves and for the bats that deposited guano in Jackson's Bay Great Cave ca. years ago were C0 photosynthesis. We suggest that the isotopic data indicate that the surrounding environment experienced a significant mesic episode in the recent past. This mesic climate would have supported a large population of bats, which in turn would have accumulated significant quantities of guano. The subsequent return to the more xeric conditions prevailing today would have caused a drastic reduction in bat population size and effectively ended significant guano accumulation. Fossil guano from Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, U.S.A., suggested that native C0 plants might have been more abundant in Wisconsinan than today. Isotope analyses of old guanos from Bat Cave in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, U. S. A., found a possible implication that C0 photosynthesis might have had contributed a little more to the bats' diet in the cave before the construction of Glen Canyon Dam. - In this paper, an extension of the Sugeno integral using intuitionistic fuzzy sets is presented.The proposed method enables the calculation of the Sugeno integral for combining multiple source of information with a degree of membership and non-membership using intuitionistic fuzzy sets.The proposed method is used as aggregation operator to combine the modules output of a modular neural network for face recognition.In this paper, the focus is on aggregation operator that use measures with intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in particular the Sugeno integral.The performance of the proposed method is compared with other aggregation operators, such as the traditional Sugeno integral using the ORL database. - source_sentence: From the unconscious of speech to the structure of Id (Es), silent in its colours and forms, the language of colours in psychoanalysis is configured in dreams, children's drawings and artists' works as a universal residue of our belonging to nature and at the same time participates, with its grammar, morphology and syntax, in the process of constructing the subject that makes each person unique in his or her own history. As Virginia Finzi Ghisi writes, if we deal with painting as psychoanalysts, it is because "every form of art reflects the structure of the psychic apparatus". sentences: - 'Rather than discussing beauty or ugliness as metaphysical categories I do prefer here to consider individual artistic worlds, and to defend the values in which I recognise myself as reader and enjoyer, in the various ways in which this can be articulated. Worlds in which aesthetic positivity and negativity are in tension, each resolving this dialectic in its own way. That''s why my paper doesn''t analyse Beauty or Ugliness tout-court. I do rather consider their dialectical intertwining and reflecting in specific works of art: The Idiot by Dostoevskij, the librettos to Wagner''s Lohengrin and Verdi''s Rigoletto, as well as Fatelessness by Imre Kertesz. I intend to show how a negative experience can be transfigured in the structure and language of these writers and musicians.' - Fruits are one of the foodstuffs that have a lot of nutritional content. One of them is gandaria fruit (bouea macrophylla Griff). Gandaria is one of the perishable fruit commodities. To increase consumption and add value to gandaria fruit, it can be done by restructuring techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine the chemical characteristics of restructuring gandaria including water content, total acid, pH, vitamin C and ash content. The results showed that the interaction of agar and gandaria treatments had an effect on the water content. The single treatment of agar had no effect on the ash content. The best formulation from the results of this study was the treatment with % agar and g of gandaria (A0B0). - The article considers the peculiarities of the artistic system in the works by the French writer of the turn of the 00th00th centuries, VLGE Marcel Proust. The foundations of his aesthetic views, which are manifested primarily at the level of the structural organisation in the novel cycle "In Search of Lost Time are studied. The specificity of the narrative, where the main role is played by involuntary memory, allows us to speak about the special geometry of the artistic space in this work. It happens due to Proust's rejection of "plane psychology in favour of "psychology in time". It is shown how on such a basis, thanks to the mnemonic mechanism, a complex connection of spontaneously arising spatial fragments with the temporal moments of existence arises and the chronotopic structure of the novel, built on the principle of relativity, is constructed where time becomes, in fact, the fourth dimension of space. - source_sentence: Of the numerous theories of the pathogenesis of tabes dorsalis, only two deserve consideration. According to one theory, advocated by Strumpell, Spielmeyer, Hauptmann and others, tabes is an endogenous disease process. It is supposed to be caused by a syphilitic toxin which selectively affects certain parts of the posterior columns and causes their degeneration. The other, equally popular, theory is that tabes is an exogenous disease, which originates outside the spinal cord, either at the so-called area of Obersteiner-Redlich or in the radicular nerve of Nageotte. Obersteiner and Redlich called attention to the fact that at the place of their passage through the pia, the posterior roots seem to be deprived of some of their myelin, and, as a result of this, exhibit there a visible constriction; as the axons in this area lie unprotected and naked, they become the locus minoris resistentiae, that is, particularly sentences: - Curriculum-based measurement of oral reading (CBM-R) is used to index the level and rate of student growth across the academic year. The method is frequently used to set student goals and monitor student progress. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy and quality of growth estimates derived from prepost measurement using CBM-R data. A linear mixed effects regression model was used to simulate progress-monitoring data for multiple levels of progress-monitoring duration ( , , , . . ., weeks) and data set quality, which was operationalized as residual/error in the model ( = , , , and ). Results indicate that the duration of instruction, quality of data, and method used to estimate growth influenced the reliability and precision of estimated growth rates, in addition to the diagnostic accuracy. Prepost methods to derive CBM-R growth estimates are likely to require or more weeks of instruction between prepost occasions. Implications and future directions are discussed. - The traditional approach to learning engineering economy in undergraduate curricula typically focuses on solving problems in a deterministic manner. Students generally have little exposure to the uncertain and stochastic nature of, as examples, project cash flows and interest rates. Unfortunately, this traditional approach does not provide students with the skills to deal with real world situations, which inherently involve uncertainty and thereby, risk. In general, engineering economy texts for undergraduate students deal with uncertainty and risk only in brief chapters, usually at the end of the book. The uncertain environment is introduced as a special case, rather than as the norm. In this paper, we propose an approach to learning engineering economy that is integrated with an understanding of uncertainty; in fact, it considers the deterministic case as a special case. The availability of computers today facilitates introducing this uncertainty approach. Computer spreadsheets and software can provide students with the ability to analyze entire probability distributions. Such a junior or senior level engineering economy course would build on an earlier course in probability and statistics, as well as courses in design and computing. A plausible new engineering economy text that incorporates stochastic considerations is outlined herein. - In Baurmann reported a method of measuring intracranial venous pressure in man. He compared the pressure in the veins on the head of the optic nerve with the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in nine cases. In these there was a direct relationship between the level of the spinal fluid pressure and his determination of the pressure in the veins on the nerve head (fig. ). He took as his criterion of the venous pressure the intra-ocular pressure at which the veins on the nerve head first begin to pulsate. The intra-ocular pressure was raised by pressing on the eyeball with an ophthalmodynamometer of the type devised by Magitot, the intra-ocular pressure being measured with a tonometer. All the methods in which venous pulsations are used as a criterion of venous pressure were criticized by Duke-Elder on the ground that venous pulsations in the eye are a complicated phenomenon - source_sentence: After the tragedy of September , , the Central Asian countries were "catapulted" into the international spotlight. Post / , U.S. interests radically changed with what the George W. Bush administration identified as the "war on terrorism," the first stage of which focused on Afghanistan. At the same time, the United States increased its presence in Central Asia, when the military campaign against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan was launched in October . This article first briefly examines Kazakhstan's role in the war on terrorism, and then analyzes the primary geopolitical interests of the United States in Central Asia, namely North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) expansion, the export of Caspian energy supplies, and political and economic reform. sentences: - Kazakhstan's internal and external policies are of growing concern to Russia. At question is not only the future of the Russian ethnic minority, but also the disposition of former Soviet infrastructure (such as the Baikanur Space Launch Center) and strategic weaponry. The reorganization of the Kazakh armed forces also has raised concerns in Russia. Improved RussianKazakh relations may lead to "Eurasian Unity" and also to the vitally important ChristianMuslim understanding in the former Soviet geopolitical space. - 'Abstract Background: We aimed to compare the results of two surgical methods for the treatment of congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis. Methods: From May to January , patients underwent surgical repair for supravalvular aportic stenosis in a single centre. The perioperative evaluation of the patients was retrospectively reviewed. Results: Fifteen ( %) and ( %) patients were treated with the Doty and the McGoon methods, respectively. The median age of our cohort was ( .0) years. Ten ( %) patients had WilliamsBeuren syndrome, and pulmonary stenosis was observed in ( %) patients. The median follow-up time was ( .0) years. On follow-up, five patients had residual stenosis with the McGoon technique and one with the Doty technique (p = ). One patient died early in the post-operative period in the Doty group, and three patients were re-operated on due to restenosis in the McGoon group. Freedom from re-operation in the Doty group at , , , and years was %. In the McGoon group, freedom from re-operation rates at the -, -, and -year follow-up were , , and %, respectively (p = ). Conclusion: Our results with both surgical techniques suggest that supravalvular aortic stenosis can be treated with good results. The Doty method provided better relief for the supravalvular aortic segment, considering the residual stenosis and the re-operation rates.' - Creep strain equations of Grade steel which is used in boilers and piping systems of ultra-supercritical (USC) thermal power plants were developed based on the results of creep tests using smooth round bar specimens of three different sources of Grade steels. In these equations, primary creep behavior was represented by a power-law function of time and tertiary creep behavior was described by an exponential function of time. Parameters in these equations were determined as a function of creep rupture time which was obtained from each creep rupture curve. The creep strain equations were able to express the creep deformation behavior of each test material with a satisfactory accuracy for a wide range of temperature and stress. pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity library_name: sentence-transformers metrics: - cosine_accuracy model-index: - name: SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base results: - task: type: triplet name: Triplet dataset: name: 'specter 2 ' type: specter_2_ metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy value: 0.9007291666666667 name: Cosine Accuracy - task: type: triplet name: Triplet dataset: name: discipline tuned specter 2 009 type: discipline-tuned_specter_2_009 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy value: 0.9011458333333333 name: Cosine Accuracy --- # SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base](https://huggingface.co/allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. ## Model Details ### Model Description - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer - **Base model:** [allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base](https://huggingface.co/allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base) - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens - **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity ### Model Sources - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) ### Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) (2): Normalize() ) ``` ## Usage ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) First install the Sentence Transformers library: ```bash pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can load this model and run inference. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer # Download from the 🤗 Hub model = SentenceTransformer("m7n/discipline-tuned_specter_2_009") # Run inference sentences = [ 'After the tragedy of September , , the Central Asian countries were "catapulted" into the international spotlight. Post / , U.S. interests radically changed with what the George W. Bush administration identified as the "war on terrorism," the first stage of which focused on Afghanistan. At the same time, the United States increased its presence in Central Asia, when the military campaign against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan was launched in October . This article first briefly examines Kazakhstan\'s role in the war on terrorism, and then analyzes the primary geopolitical interests of the United States in Central Asia, namely North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) expansion, the export of Caspian energy supplies, and political and economic reform.', 'Kazakhstan\'s internal and external policies are of growing concern to Russia. At question is not only the future of the Russian ethnic minority, but also the disposition of former Soviet infrastructure (such as the Baikanur Space Launch Center) and strategic weaponry. The reorganization of the Kazakh armed forces also has raised concerns in Russia. Improved RussianKazakh relations may lead to "Eurasian Unity" and also to the vitally important ChristianMuslim understanding in the former Soviet geopolitical space.', 'Creep strain equations of Grade steel which is used in boilers and piping systems of ultra-supercritical (USC) thermal power plants were developed based on the results of creep tests using smooth round bar specimens of three different sources of Grade steels. In these equations, primary creep behavior was represented by a power-law function of time and tertiary creep behavior was described by an exponential function of time. Parameters in these equations were determined as a function of creep rupture time which was obtained from each creep rupture curve. The creep strain equations were able to express the creep deformation behavior of each test material with a satisfactory accuracy for a wide range of temperature and stress.', ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings.shape) # [3, 768] # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [3, 3] ``` ## Evaluation ### Metrics #### Triplet * Datasets: `specter_2_` and `discipline-tuned_specter_2_009` * Evaluated with [TripletEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator) | Metric | specter_2_ | discipline-tuned_specter_2_009 | |:--------------------|:-----------|:-------------------------------| | **cosine_accuracy** | **0.9007** | **0.9011** | ## Training Details ### Training Dataset #### Unnamed Dataset * Size: 48,000 training samples * Columns: anchor, positive, and negative * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | negative | |:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | | details | | | | * Samples: | anchor | positive | negative | |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | The quantum version of the Bochkov-Kuzovlev identity is derived on the basis of the appropriate definition of work as the difference of the measured internal energies of a quantum system at the beginning and the end of an external action on the system given by a prescribed protocol. According to the spirit of the original Bochkov-Kuzovlev approach, we adopt the 'exclusive' viewpoint, meaning that the coupling to the external work source is not counted as part of the internal energy. The corresponding canonical and microcanonical quantum fluctuation theorems are derived as well, and are compared with the respective theorems obtained within the 'inclusive' approach. The relations between the quantum inclusive work w, the exclusive work w( ) and the dissipated work w(dis), are discussed and clarified. We show by an explicit example that w( ) and w(dis) are distinct stochastic quantities obeying different statistics. | When a large number of similar entities interact among each other and with their environment at a low scale, unexpected outcomes at higher spatio-temporal scales might spontaneously arise. This non-trivial phenomenon, known as emergence, characterizes a broad range of distinct complex systems-from physical to biological and social-and is often related to collective behaviour. It is ubiquitous, from non-living entities such as oscillators that under specific conditions synchronize, to living ones, such as birds flocking or fish schooling. Despite the ample phenomenological evidence of the existence of systems' emergent properties, central theoretical questions to the study of emergence remain unanswered, such as the lack of a widely accepted, rigorous definition of the phenomenon or the identification of the essential physical conditions that favour emergence. We offer here a general overview of the phenomenon of emergence and sketch current and future challenges on the topic. Our short... | Using the Maxwellian macroscopic approach and analysing the formulation of the dielectric constant, it is shown that the concept of energy has not been properly incorporated into the current kinetic plasma theory. The difficulties are due to the Boltzmann collisional term (F/t)coll which accounts for a change in the velocity distribution due to collisions alone. If one attempts to rephrase the Boltzmann-Vlasov theory in terms of the Maxwcllian macroscopic formulation, one obtains an expression for energy which is not consistent with the meaning of this concept in generalized dynamics. In a revised version developed in this analysis the Boltzmann collisional term has been eliminated and an appropriate collisional operator is introduced which is believed to describe more adequately collisional processes in a plasma. It is assumed that the collisional operator can be applied directly to the electrical intensity of the field interacting with the plasma and is effective in transforming the ... | | The emerging services of 0G and beyond (0G/B0G) have imposed challenging resiliency demands that make reliable slicing in radio access networks (RAN) an imperative concern. In previous literature, service protection schemes for one single domain are well studied, e.g., lightpath protection for transport domain. However, 0G/B0G will evolve towards a converged network where data transport and function processing coordinate together, thus the single-domain protection is inadequate. In this paper, we are dedicated to investigating a multi-domain protection scheme, which can achieve customized protection for specific reliability demands and reduce backup redundancy. To this end, we propose a topology-level based protection scheme (TLPS) to customize virtual networks (VN) for slices to guarantee reliability while reducing redundancy. The designed VNs are then embedded onto the substrate network with our proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and heuristic, which aim at minimi... | SDN and NFV have recently changed the way we operate networks. By decoupling control and data plane operations and virtualising their components, they have opened up new frontiers towards reducing network ownership costs and improving usability and efficiency. Recently, their applicability has moved towards public telecommunications networks, with concepts such as the cloud-CO that have pioneered its use in access and metro networks: an idea that has quickly attracted the interest of network operators. By merging mobile, residential and enterprise services into a common framework, built around commoditised data centre types of architectures, future embodiments of this CO virtualisation concept could achieve significant capital and operational cost savings, while providing customised network experience to high-capacity and low-latency future applications. This tutorial provides an overview of the various frameworks and architectures outlining current network disaggregation trends that a... | SMART (Semantic web information Management with automated Reasoning Tool) is an open-source project, which aims to provide intuitive tools for life scientists for represent, integrate, manage and query heterogeneous and distributed biological knowledge. SMART was designed with interoperability and extensibility in mind and uses AJAX, SVG and JSF technologies, RDF, OWL, SPARQL semantic web languages, triple stores (i.e. Jena) and DL reasoners (i.e. Pellet) for the automated reasoning. Features include semantic query composition and validation using DL reasoners, a graphical representation of the query, a mapping of DL queries to SPARQL, and the retrieval of pre-computed inferences from an RDF triple store. With a use case scenario, we illustrate how a biological scientist can intuitively query the yeast knowledge base and navigate the results. Continued development of this web-based resource for the biological semantic web will enable new information retrieval opportunities for the life... | | The DouglasRachford method has been employed successfully to solve many kinds of nonconvex feasibility problems. In particular, recent research has shown surprising stability for the method when it is applied to finding the intersections of hypersurfaces. Motivated by these discoveries, we reformulate a second order boundary value problem (BVP) as a feasibility problem where the sets are hypersurfaces. We show that such a problem may always be reformulated as a feasibility problem on no more than three sets and is well suited to parallelization. We explore the stability of the method by applying it to several BVPs, including cases where the traditional Newton's method fails. | We propose a new adaptive and composite BarzilaiBorwein (BB) step size by integrating the advantages of such existing step sizes. Particularly, the proposed step size is an optimal weighted mean of two classical BB step sizes and the weights are updated at each iteration in accordance with the quality of the classical BB step sizes. Combined with the steepest descent direction, the adaptive and composite BB step size is incorporated into the development of an algorithm such that it is efficient to solve large-scale optimization problems. We prove that the developed algorithm is globally convergent and it R-linearly converges when applied to solve strictly convex quadratic minimization problems. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms available in the literature, the proposed step size is more efficient in solving ill-posed or large-scale benchmark test problems. | Nonconvex optimization is becoming more and more important in machine learning and operations research. In spite of recent progresses, the development of provably efficient algorithm for optimization with nonconvex functional constraints remains open. Such problems have potential applications in risk-averse machine learning, semisupervised learning and robust optimization among others. In this paper, we introduce a new proximal point type method for solving this important class of nonconvex problems by transforming them into a sequence of convex constrained subproblems. We establish the convergence and rate of convergence of this algorithm to the KKT point under different types of constraint qualifications. In particular, we prove that our algorithm will converge to an \epsilon -KKT point in O( /\epsilon) iterations under a properly defined condition. For practical use, we present inexact variants of this approach, in which approximate solutions of the subproblems are computed by eithe... | * Loss: [TripletLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#tripletloss) with these parameters: ```json { "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE", "triplet_margin": 0.3 } ``` ### Evaluation Dataset #### Unnamed Dataset * Size: 2,400 evaluation samples * Columns: anchor, positive, and negative * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | anchor | positive | negative | |:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | | details | | | | * Samples: | anchor | positive | negative | |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | To assess the effects of a gluten-free diet on bone structure in children with celiac disease using fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs.A total of patients with celiac disease aged to years, separated into two groups as previously and newly diagnosed, and a control group of healthy individuals were evaluated. In previously and newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease, body mass index Z-scores were calculated, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D0, and parathormone levels were measured, and bone mineral density Z-scores were obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In all patients, the fractal dimensions of the right and left temporomandibular condyles were evaluated with the fractal analysis method on panoramic radiographs.The mean values of serum biomarker levels and the body mass index and bone mineral density Z-scores for both celiac groups were within the normal reference range. No statistically significant difference was determined between right and left condy... | The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) and the Caries Classification System (CCS) are caries stage description systems proposed for adoption into clinical practice. This pilot study investigated clinicians' training in and use of these systems for detection of early caries and recommendations for individual tooth treatment. Patient participants (N = ) with a range of noncavitated lesions (CCS ranks and and ICDAS II ranks - ) identified by a team of calibrated examiners were recruited from the New York University College of Dentistry clinic. Eighteen dentists- from the Practitioners Engaged in Applied Research and Learning (PEARL) Network and recruited from the Academy of General Dentistry-were randomly assigned to of groups: dentists used only visual-tactile (VT) examination, were trained in the ICDAS II, and were trained in the CCS. Lesion stage for each tooth was determined by the ICDAS II and CCS groups, and recommended treatment was decided by all group... | Abstract Six procedures were evaluated for aspartate aminotransferase (EC .0.0) isoenzyme assay in human serum and tissue homogenates. Results of procedures based on immunochemical precipitation by use of antibodies directed against either the mitochondrial or (with greater precision) soluble isoenzyme correlated well with those by a differential kinetic assay involving both different pH conditions and adipate inhibition. Results with a DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatographic procedure correlated well with these techniques for specimens containing purified isoenzymes, but showed substantial positive bias for determination of the mitochondrial isoenzyme in human serum. An assay based on the differential effects of pH alone discriminated between the isoenzymes with less bias than did the chromatographic assay. Precision of the two differential pH assays was limited by significant reagent blank activity resulting from destruction of NADH at pH or . An electrophoretic procedure in which... | | Heating by electricity, replacing coal by electricity, is regarded as an effective way to solve the environment problem. Thus electric heating load is growing rapidly, which may result in some undesired problem to distribution grid due to its randomness and dispersed integration. However, electric heating load may be a kind of energy storage system by optimal control of its operation. So the optimal modeling of electric heating load characteristic considering its randomness is of important for grid planning and construction. In this paper, the heating loads of distributed residential users in a certain area are modeled based on Fanger Thermal Comfort Equation (FTCE) and the PMV thermal comfort index calculation method. Different temperatures are taken into consideration during modeling users' heating loads. According to the time- varying equation of inside temperature, the heat load demand curve is estimated. And then a multi-objective optimization model for electric heating load with ... | Cretaceous bituminous coals of known rank R0 max, vitrinite reflectance) have been examined by ESR (electron spin resonance) and ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) techniques. Both highly oxidised (outcrop) and unoxidised minerun Balmer coal from the Crowsnest field have been subjected to heat treatment (000000C), and the matrix proton ENDOR signal studied as a function of applied microwave and rf power. Changes in ENDOR line shape and intensity are described with particular emphasis on the presoftening region of the unoxidised coal. A comparative study of the carbonization of hvb and 0vb coking coal from the Crowsnest is reported. | The pathogen of leaf spots found in Strelitzia reginae was identified as Cylindrocladium colhounii peerall colhounii. Its hypha grew differently on different media. Richards medium was found the best. Conidia were not produced on Richards medium and PCA medium. The optimum temperature and pH value for hypha growth were - and - . The optimum temperature for conidium growth was - . Among carbon sources, D-glucose, sucrose and amylum were better than maltose, D-fructose and lactose. Among nitrogen sources, yeast extract, beef extract and ammonium nitrate were better than peptone, ammonium sulphate and Laspartic acid. | | Four experiments were conducted to examine the hypothesis that when incorrect strategies for solving domain-specific problems were contradicted, a domain-general rule would be induced and would subsequently facilitate transfer to problems outside of the original domain. Experiments involved examining transfer from problems designed to elicit the "permission" and the "causal" schemata described by P. W. Cheng and K. J. Holyoak ( ). Results indicated that (a) training might have led to the construction of a domain-independent rule only when source problems were causal, (b) transfer was more likely when source problems were causal than when source problems were permissions, and (c) transfer from causal problems was weakly related to IQ, whereas transfer from permissions was strongly related to IQ | We used a probe procedure to show that a goal established earlier in a text is active in memory at the point of its achievement. An initial experiment demonstrated that a goal category (began an investigation to nab the THIEF) is accessible, relative to a control condition, following the processing of a goal-achievement sentence (had the PURSER brought to his office). The remaining experiments provided evidence against several explanations of this result: (a) that the goal category's accessibility is due to an advantage in the strength of its initial encoding; (b) that the goal category is maintained in memory from the point at which the goal is established; or (c) that the goal category is reinstated at the point of goal achievement as the result of a high-level inference. The results suggest that the goal category is reinstated as the result of a low-level inference similar to the type that links an anaphor and its antecedent. | Introduction: Emerging evidences have inconsistently reported that dietary components mediate the relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and higher cardiometabolic risk, but the findings are limited in Korean. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis whether the education level as a proxy for SES is associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and this association is mediated by dietary pattern. Methods: We used nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey ( - ) for cross-sectional analyses (Total number of subjects= , - yrs). Dietary data were assessed using food frequency questionnaire including food items and were categorized into seven food groups based on the Korea nutrient database. Metabolic syndrome was defined using revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. The possible mediating effect of dietary components (fruit, vegetable, red meat, milk, and soft-drink) on the association between education... | * Loss: [TripletLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#tripletloss) with these parameters: ```json { "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE", "triplet_margin": 0.3 } ``` ### Training Hyperparameters #### Non-Default Hyperparameters - `eval_strategy`: steps - `learning_rate`: 1e-05 - `weight_decay`: 0.01 - `num_train_epochs`: 1 - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates #### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand - `overwrite_output_dir`: False - `do_predict`: False - `eval_strategy`: steps - `prediction_loss_only`: True - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8 - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None - `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None - `learning_rate`: 1e-05 - `weight_decay`: 0.01 - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 - `num_train_epochs`: 1 - `max_steps`: -1 - `lr_scheduler_type`: linear - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `warmup_steps`: 0 - `log_level`: passive - `log_level_replica`: warning - `log_on_each_node`: True - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True - `save_safetensors`: True - `save_on_each_node`: False - `save_only_model`: False - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False - `no_cuda`: False - `use_cpu`: False - `use_mps_device`: False - `seed`: 42 - `data_seed`: None - `jit_mode_eval`: False - `use_ipex`: False - `bf16`: False - `fp16`: False - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 - `half_precision_backend`: auto - `bf16_full_eval`: False - `fp16_full_eval`: False - `tf32`: None - `local_rank`: 0 - `ddp_backend`: None - `tpu_num_cores`: None - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False - `debug`: [] - `dataloader_drop_last`: False - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None - `past_index`: -1 - `disable_tqdm`: False - `remove_unused_columns`: True - `label_names`: None - `load_best_model_at_end`: False - `ignore_data_skip`: False - `fsdp`: [] - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} - `deepspeed`: None - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 - `optim`: adamw_torch - `optim_args`: None - `adafactor`: False - `group_by_length`: False - `length_column_name`: length - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False - `skip_memory_metrics`: True - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False - `push_to_hub`: False - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None - `hub_model_id`: None - `hub_strategy`: every_save - `hub_private_repo`: None - `hub_always_push`: False - `gradient_checkpointing`: False - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False - `include_for_metrics`: [] - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True - `fp16_backend`: auto - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None - `push_to_hub_organization`: None - `mp_parameters`: - `auto_find_batch_size`: False - `full_determinism`: False - `torchdynamo`: None - `ray_scope`: last - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 - `torch_compile`: False - `torch_compile_backend`: None - `torch_compile_mode`: None - `dispatch_batches`: None - `split_batches`: None - `include_tokens_per_second`: False - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None - `optim_target_modules`: None - `batch_eval_metrics`: False - `eval_on_start`: False - `use_liger_kernel`: False - `eval_use_gather_object`: False - `average_tokens_across_devices`: False - `prompts`: None - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | specter_2__cosine_accuracy | discipline-tuned_specter_2_009_cosine_accuracy | |:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:--------------------------:|:----------------------------------------------:| | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0.8076 | - | | 0.0167 | 100 | 0.2146 | 0.1750 | 0.8258 | - | | 0.0333 | 200 | 0.1355 | 0.1224 | 0.8461 | - | | 0.05 | 300 | 0.1119 | 0.1071 | 0.8630 | - | | 0.0667 | 400 | 0.0924 | 0.1001 | 0.8749 | - | | 0.0833 | 500 | 0.0859 | 0.0978 | 0.8749 | - | | 0.1 | 600 | 0.0864 | 0.0935 | 0.8803 | - | | 0.1167 | 700 | 0.0895 | 0.0914 | 0.8862 | - | | 0.1333 | 800 | 0.0815 | 0.0896 | 0.8853 | - | | 0.15 | 900 | 0.0797 | 0.0892 | 0.8838 | - | | 0.1667 | 1000 | 0.0814 | 0.0899 | 0.8872 | - | | 0.1833 | 1100 | 0.0905 | 0.0872 | 0.8892 | - | | 0.2 | 1200 | 0.0788 | 0.0861 | 0.8917 | - | | 0.2167 | 1300 | 0.0812 | 0.0833 | 0.8916 | - | | 0.2333 | 1400 | 0.0805 | 0.0835 | 0.8916 | - | | 0.25 | 1500 | 0.0775 | 0.0829 | 0.8932 | - | | 0.2667 | 1600 | 0.0792 | 0.0824 | 0.8954 | - | | 0.2833 | 1700 | 0.0735 | 0.0820 | 0.8936 | - | | 0.3 | 1800 | 0.0866 | 0.0823 | 0.8980 | - | | 0.3167 | 1900 | 0.0847 | 0.0834 | 0.8975 | - | | 0.3333 | 2000 | 0.0865 | 0.0853 | 0.895 | - | | 0.35 | 2100 | 0.0768 | 0.0829 | 0.8979 | - | | 0.3667 | 2200 | 0.0752 | 0.0797 | 0.9007 | - | | 0.3833 | 2300 | 0.0737 | - | - | 0.9011 | ### Framework Versions - Python: 3.10.12 - Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1 - Transformers: 4.49.0.dev0 - PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121 - Accelerate: 1.2.1 - Datasets: 3.2.0 - Tokenizers: 0.21.0 ## Citation ### BibTeX #### Sentence Transformers ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ``` #### TripletLoss ```bibtex @misc{hermans2017defense, title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification}, author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe}, year={2017}, eprint={1703.07737}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CV} } ```