splits + prompt

labor-augmenting_prompt.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+You are classifying stated aims extracted from historical British patents (19th century). Each input is the inventor's explicitly stated goals ('Stated Aims') from their patent specification. Your task is to classify these historical patent aims based on whether they describe labor-augmenting innovations (1) or not (0).
+
+Labor-augmenting (1) means the stated aims EXPLICITLY mention or clearly indicate the invention is intended to:
+- Enhance or increase the **productive capacity, strength, precision, or reach of an individual worker**.
+- Enable a single worker to produce **significantly more output** than previously possible manually or with existing tools.
+- Provide **mechanical advantage, power assistance, or enhanced control** directly to a human operator, amplifying their effort or skill.
+- Allow a worker to perform tasks previously **beyond their physical capability** (e.g., lifting heavier weights, applying greater force, achieving finer tolerances).
+
+Return 0 if the aims only mention:
+- Saving time in general (without specifying increased worker output/capability).
+- Automating a process entirely, removing the need for direct human operation in that specific task (labor-replacing).
+- Improving safety, health, or working conditions without enhancing worker capability.
+- Saving materials or reducing costs without explicitly augmenting labor.
+- Making work 'easier' or 'simpler' without a clear link to increased output or capability per worker.
+- General improvements not tied directly to augmenting the worker's abilities.
+- If the aims are ambiguous, do not mention labor effects, or if you are unsure. 0 is the default classification.
+
+To be classified as 1, the stated aims must explicitly describe the augmentation of a worker's direct productive capability or effectiveness. Err towards 0 if unsure. Return only 1 or 0 with no explanation.
+
+Be maximally accurate and stick tightly to the criteria outlined above. Let's go.

labor_augmenting_classifier_test_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+stated_aims,year,labor_augmenting
+"""The present invention relates to improvements in differential hoisting tackle and its objects are to provide improved means for locking together or holding inde- pendent of each other, the two sheaves of the standing block, for converting a differential hoisting tackle into either two single whip purchases or into a single luff tackle or into a double luff tackle, for keeping the unlocking pulley in either of its terminal positions, and for increasing the lifting power of the tackle by adding a sheave to both the differential and the travelling block.""",1892,1
+"My said Invention relates to improved means of stoppering bottles and is especially designed for the purpose of allowing the contents to be drawn off at pleasure and securing the stoppering in an effectual manner, so that the same cannot be removed or unduly tampered with by servants or other unauthorized persons.",1880,0
+The object of this invention is to provide a brake-shoe lined with jute or similar material for carriages or vehicles of all descriptions.,1891,0
+"The Invention relates to apparatus to be used for the purpose of moving railway carriages on to or from a line of railway in case of accident or otherwise, and also for the purpose of removing carriages from one line of railway to another. And the Invention also relates to apparatus to be used for the purpose of lifting and moving other heavy bodies.",1846,1
+"Further apparatus of the following general construction is also connected with the drum as follows, its object being to apply with greatly augmented force to the execution of such work as may be desired, the motive power obtained.",1872,1
+"""The main object of this Invention is to produce a power loom for work of the character herein-before referred to, which shall be more efficient and be relieved of the objection incidental to lifting the supplementary shuttle slide, shuttles, and rack by the jacquard machine or pattern controlling device. To this end as well as to otherwise add to the efficiency of the loom the Invention consists in various novel combinations whereby while the figures to be produced in the body of the web are controlled by the jacquard machine or other pattern controlling device the labor or weight incidental to shifting or lifting and operating the supplementary shuttles, and such portions of their attachments or connections as have to be lifted and otherwise operated, is thrown upon one or more shafts of the loom without the intervention of the jacquard or pattern mechanism, and a most perfect automatic action with provision for all necessary adjustments of the figure producing devices is obtained.""",1875,1
+"""Now my Invention has for its object to dispense entirely with the resetting of the apparatus, so that it shall not be disabled by the neglect of the attendant.""",1874,0
+"This invention has reference to velocipedes, but more particularly to bicycles, and has for its object to provide an auxiliary means of propulsion to the ordinary mode of propulsion by foot. By this means, in conjunction with the ordinary propelling mechanism worked by the foot, the ascension of hills can be more easily made, and to provide suitable auxiliary mechanism worked by hand for the accomplishment of this, is the chief object of the present invention.",1895,1
+"According to the present invention, the process employed obviates these defects, is much simpler and more expeditious than the ordinary processes and yields nearly four fifths of the crude material",1883,0
+My invention relates to window sashes and cases and it has for its object to so construct them that the sashes can be readily and safely turned inwards for cleaning and other purposes.,1894,0
+"It has for its object novel methods of construction by which the force of the blows given by the stamps is increased, and a greater number of blows can be given in any definite time, than if the stamps are allowed to fall by the force of gravity only, as is usually the case.",1888,1
+My invention consists of a fastener constructed as hereinafter explained by the use of which shanked buttons such as are used for boots and shoes and shanked buttons generally may be readily and securely attached to boots and shoes and other articles of dress. My invention is applicable to the attaching of shanked articles generally.,1885,0
+"""The object of the present improvement relating to this part of the invention is to unite the layere of cut fabric upon an ordinary sewing machine and at the same time to do away with this margin which is not only unsightly but also makes the article uncomfortable to the wearer."".""The improvement in making welts or hems has for its object to make with ease and rapidity upon an ordinary sewing machine a strong and neat seam which will be hidden or bent little apparent on the right side and will allow the fabric to be flat."".""The improvement in the tension and the thread controlling apparatus now to be described has for its object to measure out and deliver to the stitch forming mechanism the exact amount of thread required for each stitch so that each stitch will contain the same length of thread and an uniform elastic seam will be the result without special care or skill on the part of the operator.""",1882,1
+"The advantages to be derived from the adoption of this arrangement in fire engines are, that the work would be performed with one cylinder which is now done by two of the same diameter, whereby the friction would be reduced one half, and that a rotary mode of working would be substituted for the reciprocating, by the former of which it is generally considered that a man can employ his strength with greater effect. By this plan the action of rowing would be substituted for the rotary action, the former of which is allowed on all hands to be the most effective mode of all of employing a man's strength.",1844,1
+"The invention is designed to provide a tool that will ""bottom a hole"" that is to say one in which the cutting blades will extend to the end or project beyond it so as to present a cutting edge at the end.",1899,0
+"The improved crimping or lasting machinery constituting the second
+head of the Invention is intended to enable the workman with machine
+lasting to follow hand lasting more closely than heretofore so as to strain
+the leather equally when drawing it over the edges of the sole on the
+last. Our Invention further relates to improvements in the Crispin post
+sewing machine, the main object of which is to apply to the post machine
+(which is employed chiefly for external sewing) a new under feed
+mechanism, which is in most respects similar to that described with
+reference to Sheet I.",1874,1
+"This Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of making a tight joint at and between the upper flange, lip, or edge of the porcelain or other basins of water closets, and the seat top parts thereof, instead of the usual troublesome and defective putty joints, for the purpose of preventing draughts, and the escape of noxious gases or smells through this joint between the basin and seat, so common in water closets by the breaking of the said putty joints.",1880,0
+"The object of my invention is to manufacture a liquid glue specially adapted for domestic purposes, but such glue may with equal advantage be used for all and every purpose where glue can be used, and on account of its waterproof qualities is particularly adapted for use in making any joint that is exposed to the action of water.",1889,0
+The object of this Invention is to agglomerate small coal and such like material into a solid form by a more economical process as compared with the existing methods.,1875,0
+"Our improvements have reference to kilns consisting of a long parallel arched chamber, and are for the purpose of burning bricks or other plastic forms better, also effecting economy in fuel. And in order to secure a more uniform burning of the bricks or other plastic forms in the centres and upper parts of the wagons we apply a top flue or flues.",1879,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in regulating and reversing gear for steam and other fluid pressure engines, and the chief object of my improvements is to assist the engineman (or the governor as the case may be) and to enable him to effect the required regulation or reversal of the engine with a comparatively slight exertion of force on his part.",1891,1
+This Invention relates to improvements in electric storage Batteries and is designed with a view to economizing the weight and cost of the storage cells.,1896,0
+My invention relates to an equalizer for windmill operated pumps; and the object in view is to provide a mechanism adapted for use in connection with an ordinary pump and any style of windmill by which the power of the mill is assisted in lifting the weight of the column of water in the pump.,1899,1
+Our invention relates to improvements in machines for washing and preparing paper stock; the object of our invention being to provide a machine into which the stock may be fed continuously and be thoroughly washed and scoured while passing through the same and discharged therefrom after being separated from the water with which it is treated.,1895,0
+"Our invention consists of a novel arrangement of apparatus for separating or extracting dust, dirt, moats, or other foreign substances from the cotton, cotton waste, or other fibrous materials on the roller commonly termed the taker-in roller of carding engines, and also of a peculiar method of preventing the said dust, dirt, moats, or other foreign substances dropping from the taker-in roller becoming mixed with the cotton fly or waste thrown off by the main cylinder of the said carding engine, thus materially increasing the value of the said cotton fly or waste, and considerably decreasing the wear and tear of the cards on the main cylinder. In connection with the grid or grating we have a box of metal or other suitable material (of any desirable shape), having for its object the collection of the dust, dirt, moats, or other foreign substances that may fall between the bars or rods. Forming a part of (or otherwise connected with) the grid or grating is a knife, plate, or bar n, as shewn in the enlarged Figures 5 & 6, the object of which is to obstruct the passage on the main cylinder of any materials, such as moats or other foreign substances that may have escaped contact with the bars or rods forming the grid or grating.",1860,0
+"The object of this Invention is to break the shells of palm and other nuts, and to separate the husks and shells from the kernels, and. the nature of the Invention consists in the arrangement and construction of machinery and apparatus for effecting, the said objects expeditiously and economically.",1870,0
+The object of the Invention being to make the griping arrangement elastic.,1862,0
+"My Invention consists of a propeller having
+having a surface which is
+formed of one or more waves, flutes, ridges, or corrugations, or in
+applying such waves, flutes, ridges, or corrugations to propellers, similar
+to the screw or fan now in use, the object being to lessen the slip,
+and thereby increase the power. My Invention relates to screw propellers, and consists in forming
+and constructing the blades or fans with corrugated, ridged, ribbed, or
+flanged surfaces, or of applying the same to the blades or fans of pro-
+pellers, similar in form or action to those at present in use, the object
+of such corrugated, ridged, ribbed, or flanged surfaces being to increase
+the hold or purchase of the blades or fans upon the water. I also apply this my said Invention to propellers, similar in form or
+action to those now in use, by adding the above mentioned waved,
+corrugated, fluted, ridged, ribbed, or flange surfaces to or upon the
+face of the blades or fans of such propellers, on one or both sides
+thereof, with the object or for the purpose of increasing the adhesion
+of the water thereto, thereby preventing or lessening what is commonly
+called the slip, or in other words the water, from being thrown off the
+surface or surfaces of the blades or fans two rapidly.",1853,0
+"This invention has for its object to provide means whereby persons in learning to write, shall be taught to hold the penstaff at a proper angle also to keep the fingers holding the staff in proper position relatively to the staff, also to keep the hand holding the staff in proper position relatively to the paper; it also has a further object to give support to the hand and wrist to prevent the same from becoming tired out by long and continued use, as well as to steady the hand of nervous or inexperienced writers.",1884,1
+"The present Invention not only provides for a ready and easy mode by which the pilot can through an engine control the vessel, if a steam vessel, with facility directly from his station at the pilot house without any intervening action of an engineer, but it furthermore provides for propelling such screw by the crew through the capstan when the steam power is crippled, or when, in a sailing vessel, the want of headway renders a common rudder useless, and in such manner that while the crew continuously work the capstan in one direction, the pilot can start, reverse, and stop the screw instantaneously at pleasure, and thus keep a vessel's head to sea after all headway is lost, which must effectually prevent the foundering of a vessel by reason of falling into the trough of the sea; and in a steam vessel these two powers are, so connected that either can be used, and the other applied in its stead instantaneously. The object of the lever G is to move the clutch 9 and engage it with one or the other of the bevil spur wheels f, f, and thus engage either of these wheels with the shaft d' at the pleasure of the pilot, according to the direction in which it is desired to have the steering screw turn. The pipes or waterways are constructed with outwardly flaring ends for the purpose of facilitating the influx and discharge of water.",1866,1
+"The object of this invention is to let off the warp from the upper beam in such a manner that the strain is taken off the same, whereby a very tender warp may be used, and also to let the warp off in larger or smaller quantities thereby forming loops upon the fabric. The object of this invention is to let off the warp from an upper beam in looms for weaving in such a manner that the strain is taken off the same, whereby a very tender warp may be used, and also to let off the warp in larger or smaller quantities thereby forming loops upon the fabric.",1887,0
+According to this invention I provide a moveable handle or grasp which can readily be fixed to the barrel or barrels of small arms so that whilst the stock of the gun is held to the shoulder in the ordinary manner the left hand which chiefly directs and bears the weight of the weapon has a very secure hold the aim also is more certain and steady and the weapon more easily and quickly directed-the recoil on the shoulder is also relieved which is of importance when using large charges.,1893,1
+"These operations have been effected heretofore by manual labour, and by means of a shovel, and it is to save the operators this excessive exertion that the following mechanical device has been contrived.",1869,1
+"The object of my invention is to provide for the above-mentioned machines an improved arrangement and form of brake, consisting of a steel strap, passing over the full periphery of the brake wheel on the end of the impression cylinder shaft.",1890,0
+"""NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Charles Baker, do, hereby declare that my said Invention of a Certain Method to Prevent the Smut in Wheat is described in manner following.
+
+I conceive four inches to answer best the intended purpose.""
+
+""The above intended purpose may be answered by salt alone, or nitre alone; where a difficulty to obtain either may be experienced; but in this case I should recommend the wheat to be only immerged from one to three inches deep.""",1797,0
+"My invention consists in so forming such furnaces or flues that the parts most affected by the heat of the fire are rendered stronger than the parts which are less exposed to such heat, and whereby such highly heated parts have increased capacity for expansion and contraction. In carrying out my invention I form the corrugations in the furnace or flue deeper at the crown or upper part thereof than at the bottom or lower part of the furnace or flue. In this way I strengthen the furnace at the part where it is liable to become burnt through the deposition of scale and the like and consequently weakened, and at the same time I provide for greater expansion and contraction of the metal at the top or hottest part of the furnace.",1896,0
+"The object of the present Invention is to obviate these inconveniences and to adapt the glass lid or other cover to the case or box in such a manner that it will open of itself when unfastened, and will remain in an elevated or open position until closed by the hand. The object of combining two, three, or more springs b, b, and tubes a is to cause the springs to act with a less sudden rebound than a single spring would do.",1866,0
+"Our invention relates to improvements in cylinders or chimneys for illuminating apparatus in which hydro-carbons are consumed, the object of the same being to prevent the so-called sweating of the lamps or the precipitated portions of the combustible, especially petroleum, which accumulate on the vase and foot of the lamp and also all smells from the lamp and to furthermore increase the illuminating power of the flame.",1889,0
+"""The object of the Invention is to enable the steersinan under such circumstances to properly manipulate his helm. I attain this object by having an index or pointer located in sight of the steersinan, and so adjusted, geared to, and combined with the propeller as to point out to him the direction in which the ""thrust"" or propelling force is exerted.""",1876,0
+"The object of this Invention is to make the entrenching spade subserve
+not only the ordinary purpose for which it is required, but when not
+actually in use for digging to afford protection to the person of the
+soldier while under fire. The object of this Invention is to make the entrenching spade subserve
+not only the ordinary purpose for which it is required, but also when not
+actually in use for digging or entrenching to afford protection to the
+soldier when under fire.",1870,0
+"My said invention has for its object to improve the construction of parallel vices so as to render them more satisfactory in use and so that a greater holding power may be obtained, when desired, than is possible with such vices as hitherto constructed.",1899,1
+"""This invention relates to improvements in machinery for manufacturing ""stiff- plastic"" bricks, and to effect this object I construct a machine in which the material after being crushed or otherwise prepared is thoroughly well mixed, pugged, and kneaded to the required stiffness, and afterwards shaped to the required shape, and pressed to the required size, ready for conveyance to the kiln, without having first to dry the bricks in a drying shed or otherwise prepare them for the kiln.""
+
+""For that reason, I propose to construct a machine which on receiving the ground or crushed clay into the hopper gradually prepares it into the required stiffness for making a high class ""stiff plastic"" brick without the necessity of drying the same before taking to the kiln.""",1893,0
+"My object is to produce rods of metal or other suitable material for portieres, bedsteads, (especially the kind known as Persian"" bedsteads,) and the like, of such a kind, that the ornamental portion of the rod may be visible, when the curtain is attached, on both sides of the curtain, and in any position.",1897,0
+"The object of the invention is, first, to increase power of the lever in closing the oscillating jaws upon the spike, and, second, to prevent the action of the jaws from being retarded when the leverage is applied to extract the spike. The object of the invention is, first to increase power of the level in closing the oscillating jaws upon the spike, and, second, to prevent the action of the jaws from being retarded when the leverage is applied to extract the spike.",1897,1
+"""This invention relates to that class of so-called automatic or “penny-in-the-slot"" machines by which an electrical shock can be administered to the user after the insertion into the slot of a coin and operation of certain parts by the user and has for its object the construction of a simple and reliable apparatus for the purpose.""",1897,0
+"The object of this apron is to give an elastic hold or grip upon the fibre passing between its surface and the surface of one of the said rolls, and thus draw the fibres out evenly and certainly without tearing or breaking them, as would be the case if the rollers were used without such elastic cushion or apron auxiliary to them. By my invention I am enabled to attain a perfectly even draught upon the fibre and to use an endless apron with the drawing rolls, which forms a much more elastic cushion and gives a better grasp upon the fibre with little tendency to injure or break it; I am also enabled to operate the machines with much less pressure upon the drawing rolls than heretofore thereby effecting a considerable reduction in the power required and in the wear of the machine.",1882,0
+"To obviate this defect I employ the mineral ore tap G which is shown best in the detail views Figs. 2, 3, and 4. The tap G discharges the grains which are larger than the meshes of the sieve in such a manner as to keep the bed at the level necessary for good filtration. There is also the further advantage of obtaining the granular ore with very little loss of water for by placing the opening h¹ as shown the resistance which the grains present to the water in the interior of the tap is sufficient to prevent the escape of much water with the grains. By the application of the ore tap G to an old jigger the output is greatly increased and the classification of the material to be washed is greatly simplified.",1889,1
+"It is to the overcoming of this difficulty that my invention is directed, and the devices, by means of which I accomplish this, are illustrated in the drawings presented.",1892,0
+"The improvements embrace a sack elevator, sack shooter or holder, and sack tilter or loader, and will be understood from the objects or purposes to be attained, which are these. A sack (say of corn) may bo placed on the improved truck or barrow, may be lifted or raised in an inclined or vertical line of movement, may conveniently be tilted over by an attendant and the contents transferred to another sack, supported and held open by the sack shooter or holder at the back of the elevator, or instead of transferring the contents the bottom or lower end of the sack may be mechanically tilted by raising the tail or lower end, so as to tilt or further tilt or turn the sack into an inverted position. With this object the sack in being thrown down should be placed over or across the bar i* somewhat beyond the middle of its length.",1874,1
+"My invention has for its object to provide perambulators or similar. vehicles with a brake such that the brake is automatically put on, when the person by. whom the perambulator is propelled leaves go the handle of the perambulator or the like.",1892,0
+"My invention relates to the manufacture of films for the roll holder of the ordinary camera or for use in the cinematograph and has for its object to avoid the well known objections to the use of celluloid as the support for the sensitive surface, especially the liability of deterioration after exposure and danger of ignition with heat.",1899,0
+"This is attained, in the invention which forms the object of the present-application, by employing, for filling or packing the towers, a material in which partitions are formed which prevent the gases from rising directly upwards, and also form hollows or recesses in which a checking of the gas takes place.",1896,0
+"The Invention relates to that description of skate used on rinks, artifical ice, or other smooth surface, and is designed for the purpose of enabling the user thereof to perform with ease any movement or gyration desired on surfaces of limited area or to attain a high speed with little exertion.",1876,1
+"My invention relates to trees for riding boots and Wellington or top boots and has for its object to provide a tree having no loose parts and adapted to be introduced into and removed from a boot with greater facility than is the case with trees as heretofore made. Another object of my invention is to reduce the weight of the tree, which is of importance more especially in travelling when the weight of a number of trees as at present made is considerable.",1893,0
+"This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus for transmitting the motion of the steering wheel to the tiller or rudder head, the object being to keep the chains always at tension, and thus to hold the rudder steady to its work, and also to increase the leverage as the rudder is being brought ""hard over,"" and thereby to enable the steersman to work the tiller without assistance in rough weather.",1857,1
+"""The crude bicarbonate always contains a certain quantity of sodium chloride, of insoluble matter, and of ammonia, which it is my object to separate, and at the same time to recover the ammonia more effectively and economically than has heretofore been done.""
+
+""Now this invention has for its object to obviate these drawbacks of this previous process.""",1893,0
+"This invention has relation to that class of typewriters which embody bars resting in a horizontal or inclined position between the platen and the key board, the primary objects of the invention are, to shorten and lighten the machine by bringing the key board adjacent to the outer ends of the type-bars, and as near to the carriage as possible; thereby securing greater convenience and less arm movement in returning the carriage; and to hang the type bars in the shortest practical segment, thereby reducing the angle of their divergence from a vertical line in the centre, and thus hang them in such operative position, that looseness in their pivots from wear or otherwise, will have little or no effect upon the alignment, and thus increase the durability of the machine for perfect work. Another object of my present invention is to provide a loug bearing for the type bars in a series of supporting plates or hangers, by having the long pivoted point of the bars passing freely through one, two or more of the plates adjacent the sides of the bars and having their ends pivotally supported in distant plates, in contradistinction to pivoting them in adjacent plates, which makes a very firm and rigid support for the type bars, as will be readily understood. A further object of my present invention is to place the pivotal points of the type bars one above and outside of the other on a line at an inclination of forty-five degrees to a vertical line drawn from the printing point of the platen, and to make each type bar as much shorter than the one adjacent to and below it, as it is above a horizontal line drawn from the pivotal point of the bar below, whereby while they print at a common point, the outer ends of all the type bars are in a line, while at the same time the bars vary in length. Arother object of my invention is to connect the finger keys directly to the levers, which are in turn connected with the short ends of the type bars, the relation of the connected ends of the type bars and the levers being such that when the short ends of the type bars rise in the act of carrying their longer ends to the printing point, the adjacent ends of said levers also rise, whereby the relation of the short ends of the type bars and the connected ends of said levers remain substantially the same, thus not affecting the leverage between the said levers and type bars throughout the entire stroke of the former in contradistinction to having the connected ends of the levers change their relative position to the short ends of the type bars, thus shortening the leverage upon the type bars as its longer end approaches the printing point, which is a great advantage, in that the same leverage is maintained throughout the entire stroke of the bars, as will be readily understood, and enabling a stronger blow to be given the type bar with the same amount of touch. The object of this construction is to permit of the adjustment of the bars b towards or away from the bell crank levers P, in the assembling of the machine in order that they may be in their proper relative positions. The object however, in extending the lower ends of the bell crank levers P substantially in a horizontal line, is to prevent making the base of the machine high, as it would otherwise be if the ends of the bell crank levers extended down. Another object of this is that by having them extend outward I gain a greater leverage for the reason that the connecting points of the finger keys with the levers is farther from the pivotal point in a horizontal line than would be the case if the lower ends of the levers extended in a line with the upper ends, as will be readily understood.",1896,1
+"The said Invention relates to the production of certain ornamental effects on paper for hangings and other purposes in a superior and economical manner. The object of the arrangement of the parts in connection with the discs 14 as just described was to admit of a cylindrical shell or mask of thin sheet metal, and having devices cut in it as in a stencil plate, being attached to the discs 14, so as to surround the much more rapidly revolving brush 4, and be between it and the cylinder 9.",1874,0
+"The object of my said invention is to provide an improved set-off in actions of a similar type to the aforesaid, so as to reduce the friction of the action, to give the hammer greater freedom than has been possible on actions of that type as hitherto constructed, to facilitate repetition, and to enable the hammer to deliver a more powerful blow. Moreover in the improved action constructed according to my invention, the regulation is considerably facilitated.",1892,1
+"My invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing earthen-ware pipes and has for its objects: Firstly, to widen or increase the area of the outlet apertures of the press mouthi-piece without increasing the dimensions of the pipes, and by this means to influence the pressing in the most favourable degree. Secondly, to bring the pressed pipes in such a mutually relative position that the operation of separating, removing, and transporting the pipes to the drying room is greatly simplified and the productive capacity of the working staff con- siderably increased.",1899,1

labor_augmenting_classifier_train_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+stated_aims,year,labor_augmenting
+"This invention has relation to devices for guiding or controlling the position or line of action of a hand-saw in sawing up stock in order to fit the abutting ends to form neat, close miter joints, such as are desirable, if not essential, in the inside finishing of houses. By my present invention I produce a device which can be applied to the stock to be sawed by merely placing it thereon, and which may be readily adjusted so as to secure an exact cut at any predetermined angle. My device is, moreover, durable and can be compactly folded so as to occupy but little room in a carpenter's tool chest or other place where it may be kept.",1899,0
+"The object of this Invention is to produce greater strength and rigidity and also in the case of Close Tanks and Cylinders and similar articles to produce a Manhole, Handhole or other hole and cover that may be simply constructed, easily opened or closed and at the same time reliable for making a good joint.",1889,0
+"One of the principal objects of my Invention consists in making the wires over which the loops or terries are formed, work mechanically, that is to say, cause them to introduce themselves in the shed, and be withdrawn from under the loops in proper time by the action of the loom itself, and consequently doing away with a very difficult part of the weaving of terry or pile fabrics, viz., the introduction and withdrawing of these terry wires by the hand of the workman, this part requiring much skill; the result of my improvements is consequently to offer a great saving in labor for the workman, and also to enable him to make with much less trouble aid greater preciseness tho above-mentioned description of goods.",1855,1
+It is designed for the purpose of bonding up the edges of the sides of boxes. The object of the Invention is to provide a tool by which four or more operations which are usually done separately can be done together.,1897,0
+"The present invention relates to a small-arm in which for the purpose of increasing the rate of fire at particularly critical phases of an action, certain contrivances are adopted, which enable a combatant, when it may be required to use his weapon, either as a single small arm, or as an automatic self-loading piece. The mechanism, which enables the small-arm to be used, as desired, either as a self-loading rapid firing gun or as a single loader, and which forms the object of the present invention, is based on the principle that an adjusting pawl 18 provided, which according to its adjustment at the time, either allows the breech bolt to move forward again, after the firing of the shot and a fresh loading to be effected (rapid fire) or keeps the same in its backward position.",1898,1
+"The object of this invention is to provide a driving gearing for bicycles, tricycles or the like, which will enable a rider to drive his machine at a greater speed with no greater exertion than hitherto.",1895,1
+"This invention has for its object to utilise more completely the muscular power exerted by the skater when he presses one of the skates against the ice in striking out, and also to render skating more agreeable and consists essentially in inter- posing a spring between the blade and the foot plate or plates.",1893,1
+"""It has for its object the providing of a means for focussing the lens without examining the image projected by the lens or making direct measurements of either of the conjugate foci of the lens or of the distance between the image and the object.""",1898,0
+"The main object of our Invention is to simplify, improve, and increase the productive power or economy of steam presses used in moulding glass.",1875,1
+"Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in practice, we hereby declare that we claim the Invention of ""New or Improved Marine Buffers for Steam and other Vessels for Preventing Loss of Life and Property by Collisions at Sea or in Navigable Waters,"" substantially as the same is herein-before set forth and described, and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.",1875,0
+"""This invention has relation to the purification of sewage and apparatus therefor and has for its special object the provision of favourable conditions for the working of the organisms, of liquifaction and nitrification in addition to those set forth in my Patent Specifications Nos. 14181-1891, 17006-1892.""
+
+""This invention has relation to the purification of sewage and apparatus therefor and has for its special object the provision of favourable conditions for the working of the organisms of liquefaction and nitrification in addition to those set forth in my Patent Specifications No. 14181 of 1891 and No. 17006. of 1892.""",1897,0
+"My invention consists in doing away with the drawbacks caused by the motion of the carriage and makes it possible to increase the number of cuts in such a manner, that in the same time twice or three times the quantity of the wood-wool shavings hitherto produced may be obtained.",1896,1
+"My process permits of the use of magnesium, magnesium chromate and lithium for commercial purposes and of the production of new alloys which hitherto have had a strictly scientific application only.",1896,0
+"This Invention has relation to certain improvements designed to reduce the rigidity of the trucks, to remove the strain on the axle, to reduce the grinding in traversing curves, to reduce the liability to jump the track, and to provide a face or tread of more or less flexibility to receive and soften accidental shocks, and which may have a very low degree of sound bearing properties. In this manner it is designed to employ a much shorter brake bar, and by using four rubbers or shoes to increase the pressure upon the wheels.",1881,0
+"This invention has for its object improvements in sewing machines such as áre described in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me No. 23267, A.D. 1892, in which specification a curved shuttle is described which is reciprocated in a circular race forwards through the loop of thread drawn up by the needle and backwards in the same race to a position ready to again move forward through the next loop which the needle draws up. To obviate this objection and allow of increased speed of working I impart to the shuttle, in place of the reciprocating movement; a continuous revolving movement of varying velocity. This movement is forward in a circular path through the loops of thread drawn up above the surface of the work by the needle but, in order to prevent twisting of the shuttle thread, instead of allowing the shuttle to continue in its forward circular path I cause the shuttle while still revolving, to turn over backwards after passing through the loop until it arrives in a position ready to pass through the next loop drawn up by the needle. The invention also consists in providing a suitably operated finger which acts upon the shuttle thread so as to keep the same out of the way of the needle.",1896,1
+"My Invention relates to that class of reciprocating mortising machines which are worked by means of a hand lever, and the object of the Invention is to simplify the construction of such machines by reducing the weight of metal used, and at the same time greatly increase the strength of the machine and the length of stroke that can be given to the mortising tool.",1876,1
+"This Invention has for its object the grinding or reducing of grain or other granular matters by means of improved apparatus of a simple and inexpensive character, and which may be made of a comparatively small size to be worked by hand, or of different larger sizes adapted to any convenient amount of power. My improved apparatus comprises two serrated plates between which the grain passes, whilst one plate has imparted to it by means of a revolving crank or its equivalent a short rapid reciprocating stroke, or both plates may be made to reciprocate in different directions.",1868,0
+"This invention relates to improvements in means for fixing or supporting lead and other pipes against walls and the like, and has for object to provide means, whereby, soil, rainwater and other pipes, and preferably those composed of lead, are more securely fixed or supported than hitherto, and are also capable of expansion and contraction independently of the said means.",1889,0
+"Now, in order to obviates these disadvantages, I apply the power to the upper part of the periphery (or as nearly so as may be) of the wheel, and in such manner that the whole power (minus the friction of the machinery) is continuously exerted at one point to cause the wheels to rotate-that is, both to revolve and advance.",1850,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide a cheap, efficient and convenient balance for coins and the like and mainly for the purpose of detecting base coin when offered to tradesmen or others in shops, restaurants, offices and like places. The object of my invention is to provide a cheap, efficient and convenient balance for coins and the like and mainly for the purpose of detecting base coin when offered to tradesmen or others in shops, restaurants, offices and like places of business.",1892,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for thrashing and reeding wheat and other straw.,1863,0
+"The invention is intended for the improvement in connecting water closet basins to the flushing pipe, in the following manner.",1898,0
+"""The objects of this invention are to. provide an improved type-writing machine, less complicated, and more durable and efficient than the others of its class and containing novel devices for spacing and other purposes, which diminish the labor, and save a large percentage of the time of the operator, and by which the work produced is made to resemble ordinary printed matter produced on a printing press.""
+""One of the objects of this invention is to produce a machine capable of giving to each letter or character its proper space.""
+""The object of this arrangement is to save the time of the operator; for, in the operation of type-writing machines as usually constructed, when the operator has printed the last letter of a word he has to make a distinct and separate movement to form the space between that letter and the first letter of the next word. This takes considerable time. The average number of letters per word in ordinary printed matter is estimated to be about five. After every fifth letter therefore a separate motion must be made to form the space. between that letter and the next. I obviate this by the means herein described, for when it is desired to form a space between words, the operator depresses the space. key simultaneously with the key for the last letter, thus printing the last letter and forming the necessary space at the same time. This improvement is deemed to be of great importance in type-writing machines, as it enables the operator to perform a much larger amount of work in a given time, with no increase of effort.""
+}",1892,1
+"The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive bicycle canopy which will be adapted to be readily applied to the ordinary construction of safety bicycles for the protection of the rider from the rays of the sun, and to shelter him from rain, and which may be compactly folded when not in use. A further object of the invention is to provide such a canopy which, when disposed horizontally will offer no obstruction to wind to avoid impeding the progress of the rider, and which, when desired, may be arranged at an angle to operate as a sail for accelerating the speed of the bicycle to assist the rider.",1895,1
+"This apparatus termed the ""Trigonograph can be used for setting out the points in the plan or calibre of any mechanism, such as centres of motion, screws etc; or for copying, transferring, enlarging, or reducing any such calibre or desigu of any piece or system of mechanism. Especially can it be applied to the mauufacture of Watches or Clocks, and any such small and complicated mechanism, as for setting out the various positions on blanks, which are to be used as Watch or Clock plates, such as bearings for wheels, pillars, steady-pins, screws etc, for determining and setting out the acting radii of any part whatever. Also for setting out any number of points in a curved figure as may be required in any complicated Watch or Clock, or any mechanisin whatever, or for copying, transferring, enlarging, or reducing any such figure; likewise for engraving or ornamenting any plain surface, or for doing any work whatever having reference to the principle of coordinates and triangles.This apparatus termed the Trigonograph can be used for setting out the points in the plan or calibre of any mechanism, such as centres of motion, screws & etc, or for copying, transferring, enlarging or reducing any such calibre or design of any piece or system of mechanism. Especially can it be used for the manufactering of watches or any such small and complicated mechanism, as for setting off the various positions on the blanks which are to be used as watch plates, or for other small mechanism, such as bearings of pinions, pillars, steadypins, screws etc, or for determining, and setting off the acting radii of any part whatever. Also for setting out any number of points in a curved figure, as may be required in any complicated watch or other imechanism, or for copying transferring, enlarging or reducing such figure. Likewise for engraving or ornamenting any plane figure, for deviding any straight line or circle, or for doing any work whatever, having refference to the principle of coordinates and triangles.",1884,0
+With this object the gun and its carriage are placed upon a plunger or buoyant body immersed in a suitable liquid such as water contained in a well or pit. With this object the weight of the gun and its carriage is supported by a float or buoyant body immersed in a suitable liquid such as water contained in a well or pit underneath the gun. Second. In a gun mounting combined with a buoyant plunger or float as hereinbefore described the method of connecting the plunger and the Gun carriage by means of rods having a nut e interposed between them the said nut being guided between guides G G and working on a screwed shaft V rotated by a crank handle m with the object of enabling the position of the gun to be adjusted in a vertical direction with a minimum expenditure of power the weight of the gun and parts connected therewith being balanced by the upward pressure of the plunger substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.,1887,1
+"This invention is directed to the production of an improved folding, embalming and cooling board. My object is to render such article substantial, light and neat, with provision for safety against accidental crushing or falling under the weight of the body and in shifting the position of the board as is often required when the body is laid thereon.",1882,0
+"This Invention relates to looms to be used for what is technically known as ""swivel weaving,"" that is, the production of figures generally in silk of a different color at certain intervals on the face of woven fabrics, and the object is to produce such figures at less distances apart than is practicable by the ordinary means employed for this purpose.",1869,0
+"This invention, the purpose of which is stated by the above title, consists in arranging on the roof of buildings of any character a pipe or pipes fixed to the respective roof in a horizontal or more or less inclined position, as required by the configuration of that roof, and provided in its entire length with a slot adapted to let pass a projection extending from a slide arranged within said pipe. Said slide is connected with one end of the safety-rope, the other end of which is fixed to a girdle embracing the body of the workman. The latter may, thus, move to any place of the respective roof without loosing its secure connection with the pipe, or the hold afforded by the latter respectively, as the slide afore mentioned will follow along the pipe by reason of the pull exerted by the workman through the rope.",1894,0
+"This invention relates to button-hole sewing machines and has for its object to provide a simple and efficient means for quickly forming or making the stitches, and for also forming or sewing a bar across the end of the button-hole.",1886,0
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of electric telegraph cables. Now the object of our Invention is so to conduct the process of manufacturing electric telegraph cables that the insulated conducting wire may throughout the whole continuance of the manufacture of the cable be kept under an electrical test, such as will immediately shew any defect in insulation which may be produced during the operation.",1860,0
+"The chief object of my present invention is to provide new and improved means for rotating the pin or mandrel, and concurrently therewith longitudinally reciprocating or moving the same back and forth in the direction of the length of the pin or mandrel. The invention also has for its object to provide new and improved cylinder and feed-piston mechanism for reciprocating or moving the pin or mandrel longitudinally back and forth, whereby the feed-piston is perfectly balanced and its timely movements are under absolute control of the attendant or operator. The invention also has for its object to provide a new and improved fluid-actuated mechanism for axially rotating and longitudinally reciprocating the pin or mandrel, which expands and rotates the rollers composing the expander device to expand the ends of flue-tubes or similar articles.",1897,1
+The purpose of the metal tube W is to prevent the inner ends of the gripping levers F from gripping the lead line when launching the apparatus.,1897,0
+"This invention relates to the manufacture of mantles for incandescent lighting by gas, mineral oil, or alcohol, and has for object to give them a degree of tenacity, a durability, and flexibility heretofore unattainable. This invention relates to the manufacture of mantles for incandescent lighting and has for its object to produce mantles possessing a degree of tenacity, flexibility, and durability both of structure and of illuminating capacity unattainable by the method of impregnation heretofore generally employed,",1897,0
+This invention relates to that class in which the valve is operated beneath a relief plate and has for its objects; First: a more perfect balancing of the steam pressure. Second more convenient and accurate means for adjusting the relief plate. Third provision for forcing back the relief plate so as to give extraordinary relief when starting the engine until the ports have acquired their normal temperature with a suitable stop or guide by which the measure of relief is readily restored to that of ordinary working when this is attained. Fourth: increasing the area of the admission openings without interfering with the exhaust. Fifth: the protection of the wearing surfaces of the relief plate from the attrition caused by the action of the exhaust steam when it impinges directly upon it. Sixth: to provide more convenient means for adjusting the position of the stuffing box and guide to obtain and preserve the alignment of the valve rod.,1885,0
+"My present invention relates to joints used for connecting together the ends of iron or steel rails on railways, and it has for its objects improvements in such joints and in the method of making them, so that by its use the ends of adjoining rails are very firmly, strongly, and durably, connected together, whilst at the same time the rails are capable of expansion and contraction to a sufficient extent. My invention in a modified form may be applied to supporting the rails to which it is applied as well as to connecting together their ends as described.",1882,0
+"The object of the present invention is to improve the construction of metallic
+sleepers and to provide one which will possess the necessary elasticity with great
+strength and durability, and which will prevent rails from spreading, sinking, or
+otherwise becoming displaced. Another object of the invention is to enable rails to be quickly mounted in
+position on and readily removed from the railroad sleepers, and to dispense with
+the ordinary form of spikes in the attachment of the rails.",1895,0
+"This Invention comprises improved apparatus or means of manipulating the printing blocks used in printing woven fabrics, and improved apparatus or means of keeping such fabrics in a uniformly stretched condition whilst being printed, and has generally for object increased efficiency and economy in working. The improvements relating to the printing blocks are more particularly designed to extend the printing of dresses, shawls, handkerchiefs, and the like, by means of blocks of large size, by obviating the inconveniences hitherto experienced from the bulk and weight of such blocks; and in carrying out this part of the Invention the block is suspended in connection with a counter-weight, which can be adjusted to balance as much of the weight of the block as is not required in producing the impression. The suspending arrangements are also such as to leave the manipulation of the block very completely under the control of the printer, whilst they admit of his dipping the block in the sieve or colour trough with ease and convenience.",1863,1
+"This invention relates to improvements connected with the propulsion and steerage of Auto-Cars and other Vehicles by means of a prime mover or prime movers arranged on each side of the vehicle so that each wheel can be driven by its own Motor or Motors whether oil, gas, compressed air, steam, or other prime mover, in such a manner that the carriage can be made to turn in either direction under the perfect control of the driver and without any special physical effort on his part as is the case when the steerage of the Vehicle is effected by hand.",1896,1
+My invention consists in the novel provision for ensuring full length and full power to the stroke when propulsion is necessary; combined with the provision for resting the legs when it is not. The full length and power of the stroke arise partly from the length and disposition of the levers in relation to the legs of the cyclist-(the points to be aimed at here are full length of stroke and maximum leverage at every part of it) and partly from the fact that the increased efficiency of the stroke is 5 taken into account in fixing the amount of gearing up.,1899,1
+My invention consists of a method by which a person pushing an invalid chair or other vehicle at the back may steer or guide it alone.,1893,1
+"The object of my invention is to increase the speed of flyers and reduce the angle at which yarn is conducted thereto, also to prevent the said yarn touching flange of bobbin, the improvements also enables the attendant to more readily stop the rotation of the flyer by his hand for piecing broken ends.",1882,1
+The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the mode of connecting and disconnecting window blinds to their rollers and dispensing with the tacking of blinds to rollers.,1884,0
+"The object of our Invention is to compound gelatinous and saccharine substances, either one with another or with substances of a like nature, or with liquids, so that a more or less amount may, if required, be incorporated into the ingredients treated.",1878,0
+Another advantage is that with this light contact the brushes bare more easily driven and do not absorb so much power as when set close.,1897,0
+The object of this Invention is to effect in a simple and easy manner the removal of the cigars or cigarettes one at a time from the case or holder without the necessity for removing the lid or cover of the case or holder.,1877,0
+In Railway Carriage Roof & like Lamps commonly used for the burning of colza and similar expensive oils to so control the oil flow from the lamp cistern to the burner as to permit of petroleum and similar cheaper oils being used.,1890,0
+"The object of this invention, is to make up falso cuffs for Gentlemen's wear that the usual wristband of a shirt can be inserted into between the folds or ply's of fabric, and be thereby hidden from view. The object of this invention is to make up false cuffs for Gentlemen's wear, so that the usual wristband of a shirt can be inserted into between the folds or plys of fabric and be thereby hidden from view.",1886,0
+"My invention relates to all kinds of gloves but is especially intended to meet the requirements of riding and driving gloves where a firm hold of the reins is essential. To effect the object of my invention instead of the usual side parts of the fingers termed ""forgets"" I make them of india rubber or other suitable material (but preferably of india rubber) these ""forgets"" or side parts A are sewn or otherwise suitably attached to each side of the fingers of the glove as shewn and having a roughened or corrugated surface thereon or the surface may be plain, thus a very firm hold of the reins can be obtained and no likelyhood of their slipping through the fingers of the rider or driver as the roughened surface of the india rubber ""forgets"" effectually prevents such an occurrence, more especially in cases when the reins become wet and consequently greasy from the weather my improved glove will be found particularly effective. When desired the thumb of the glove may have a strip of india rubber or its equivalent upon its inner side, the fingers also may be tipped with the same material likewise the palm of the glove may be provided with a strip or strips of the india rubber when required but for the purposes of riding and driving gloves which is the main object that I have in view; the arrangement of the india rubber ""forgets above described and shewn down the sides of the fingers will answer the main principle of my invention.",1892,1
+"My invention has for its object to prevent the vibration produced in cars, carriages, or vehicles when passing over rough roads or other tracks, being transmitted to the bodies of such vehicles.",1896,0
+"The purpose of my invention is to greatly facilitate the pumping of air by means of such pumps and it consists of a rigid bearing or support substantially formed like a crutch, the foot-end of which is fixed to the one portion of the air-pump and the forked end of which is intended to bear against the frame, the wheel-rim or any other suitable portion of the cycle the pneumatic tyre of which is to be inflated, with the object of allowing the one portion of the air-pump to which the said crutch is fixed to be pressed by one hand against the wheel-rim or against any other suitable portion of the cycle, whilst the other hand imparts a to-and-fro-motion to the other portion of the pump, this rigid connection between one portion of the air-pump and the wheel-rim or other portion of the cycle, greatly facilitating the operation of inflating the tyre.",1896,1
+The object of the present improvements is to increase the effective power of the gag reins so that horses to which it is found necessary to apply such contrivances may be conveniently kept under proper control.,1890,1
+"Now according to this invention in order to avoid the use of heavy governor weights, especially for low speed governors, I employ governor weights that are located at some distance from the curved spring blades, and generally near to the periphery of the governor drum and are mounted upon the free ends of rods or spring bars pivoted or fixed to the governor drum, and I connect the said weights to the curved spring blades by one or more ribbons, chains, cords, or like flexible connectors (hereinafter called bands) that pass around guide pulleys carried by the curved spring blades, and also it may be other guide pulleys pivoted to the drum or to the weights, rods or bars and are connected at their respective ends to the weights and drum, or to the drum alone, or are endless, the arrangement in each case being such that when the governor is rotating the said weights act indirectly upon the said spring blades through the bands. In this way the weights can be reduced in size and their traverse increased, thereby enhancing the sensitiveness of the governor.Now according to this invention, in order to avoid the use of heavy governor weights, especially for low speed governors, I employ governor weights that are located at some distance from the curved spring blades, and generally near to the periphery of the governor drum and are mounted upon the free ends of rods or spring bars pivoted or fixed to the governor drum, and I connect the said weights to the curved spring blades by one or more ribbons, chains, wire ropes, cords, or like flexible connectors (hereinafter called cords) that pass around guide pulleys carried by the curved spring blades, and also it may be other guide pulleys pivoted to the drum and are connected at their respective ends to the weights and drum, or to the drum alone, or are endless, the arrangement in each case being such that when the governor is rotating, the said weights act indirectly upon the said spring blades through the cords. In this way the weights can be reduced in size and their traverse increased, thereby enhancing the sensitiveness of the governor.",1897,0
+"This invention relates to machines for tapping or drilling holes in metals or other hard substances; the principal objects in view being to increase the output of the work done, to provide an automatic action whereby the tap or drill is withdrawn when the predetermined depth has been arrived at, and to partially or wholly avoid the breakage of small taps or drills in doing the work.",1896,1
+"This Invention has for its object to provide a simple and convenient tack driver intended more particularly to be employed for shoe lasting, but which may be employed for other purposes, and intended to be used in connection with tack strips consisting of a series of tacks connected together by their heads and arranged at regular intervals apart from one another such for example as described in the Specifi- cation to Letters Patent dated January 25th 1887 No. 1160. This Invention has for its object to provide a simple and convenient tack driver for driving tacks expeditiously the said driver being intended more particularly to be employed for boot and shoc lasting, but it may be employed for other purposes, to which it is or may be applicable.",1887,1
+"The lids of the mouthpieces J, J, J, are also intended for the same purpose, and that of cleaning out any stoppage that may occur in the pipes marked c, c, c.
+...
+This hole is to allow the escape of gas from the inner retorts t, t, t, made in the process of carbonization of pit coal, into the spaces L, L, L, L, &c., and meeting with an additional quantity of caloric from the heated surfaces of the outer retorts N, N, N, and the inner retorts t, t, t, the vapours of coal tar and ammonia usually deposited in the hydraulic main, and from thence conveyed into the tar well or tank in the common distillation of pit coal for the purpose of producing coal gas, will, through the additional dose of caloric, be resolved into carburetted hydrogen or coal gas, in addition to the quantity of coal gas procured in the usual way; and as it has been satisfactorily proved that coal tar contains a greater amount, in proportion of ""olefiant gas"" (to which coal gas owes its principal lighting quality) then pit coal. The coal gas thus produced must necessarily be of superior quality, and in greater quantity than that ordinarily produced, providing that the quality of it be not deteriorated by allowing the outer retorts N, N, N, of the double retorts to approach to a higher heat than a bright cherry red, visible by daylight, or about 27° Wedgewood, the heat at which copper melts, otherwise the hydro-carburets will be resolved into carbon and hydrogen gas.",1843,0
+"Figures 9 and 10 represent similar fetcher brasses, suited for a machine in which several narrow breadths of lace are to be made and connected at the selvages by a single thread. Figure 9 shews the separating brass for the back bar of the machine, and Figure 10 the corresponding brass for the front bar, the former having two fingers united, the latter one finger removed, the object of which will be well understood by lace makers.",1833,0
+"Our invention has for its object improvements in the mode or means for joining lengths of tubing together for forming poles, masts, ventilating shafts and such like erections, which when securely joined together by our mode and means become quite strong and the equivalent of a tapered pole. By our invention we can deal with various lengths and diameters of tubing which are parallel as well as with tapered lengths or a combination of both in one erection.",1896,0
+By these means increased facility is afforded for confining the hot air and gases or products of combustion within the flue or tube in the generator or boiler with a view to increasing their effective heating action on the water.,1874,0
+My invention has for its object improvements in and connected with fenders and curbs and has special reference to the particular mode of securing the dogs or fire iron supports to the fenders or curbs and also in the method in which such dogs are constructed and fixed in position,1898,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in multiple wedges used for mining purposes, and has for object to increase the power and to simplify the construction of such mining implements.",1894,1
+"My invention relates to weaving seamless bags, pockets and similar articles at an increased rate of speed as compared with existing methods and of superior excellence.",1889,0
+"The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient apparatus whereby the inconveniences resulting from the deposit of grounds and sediment in bottles of wine and other liquids, especially those intended for drinking purposes and which have been kept a long while, may be obviated. To this end it is proposed to clarify or filter such liquids in the act of pouring them out of their vessels, and while freeing them, by so doing, from every impurity to leave uninjured their peculiar properties and qualities.",1882,0
+"To effect these objects with greater efficiency is the purpose of my present improvement, which embraces the combination primarily of a rotating shaft provided at the end adjacent to the trimmer with a series of shoulders and an external cylindrical cone or taper spindle, a longitudinally slotted radially expansible sleeve or jacket having an exterual cylindrical bearing and an internal cone or taper bearing coacting with the identical bearing of the multi-shouldered shaft, a sole edge trimmer adjustable over the cylindrical bearing of the sleeve and means whereby said sleeve bearing is expanded to closely fit the bore of, and centre, the trimmer.",1896,0
+the object of this Invention is to construct valves in such a manner that when the valve is shut any continuous pressure from the source of supply will tend to keep it tight.,1877,0
+"My invention relates to the production of an improved type writer, and consists, more especially, in the concentration of the devices for bringing the type into the proper position for printing, as well as of that for producing spaces in the printed line, into one plane and round a common centre, thereby considerably facilitating the working of the writer, making it almost a single handed instrument, at the same time allowing the matter as it is type-written, to be easily seen by the operator, as he continues at his work, without it being necessary for him to stop the instrument, or move any part of it.",1885,1
+"By my arrangement all entangling of the line is avoided, & this also enabling me to employ the means of hauling by steam power, effects an immense saving of time & enables the fisherman to do at least twice the amount of work they could otherwise have performed.",1893,1
+By my invention the construction of the said machine is considerably simplified and the screw blanks can be threaded and turned out very quickly.,1895,0
+"The object of the present invention is to facilitate and improve the construction of secondary battery plates, of the type in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to Captn. Holden and myself, dated 20th March 1890, No. 4384. The object of the present invention is to facilitate and improve the construction of secondary battery plates, of the type in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to Captn. Holden and myself, dated 20th March 1890, No. 4384, and as described in the Specification of the said Patent.",1893,0
+"""In the manufacture of brake shoes the cost of the manufacture is considerably higher than what it should be, owing to the present complicated, slow and tedious method of arranging the moulds for casting the brake shoes and this invention relates to a certain new and useful process whereby a considerable saving of time in the construction of the moulds can be effected, with a consequent saving in the cost of manufacture of the brake shoes, and the invention consists essentially of arranging a series of shoe patterns on a bar and providing a drag of sufficient size to receive the series of shoe patterns, and fitting the drag with a metallic cope which will serve the dual purpose of a follow board and cope in order that the follow board may be entirely dispensed with in the construction of the moulds, and saving effected of approximately two-thirds of the moulder's time.""",1895,1
+"This invention has been devised specially to obtain greater speed from a bicycle, without, at the same time, putting a greater strain of exertion upon the rider.",1896,1
+The present invention relates to a device for disengaging self-actors and the particular object of the invention is to enable the man working the machine to throw the latter out of gear by moving the disengaging rod directly by hand as well as indirectly by moving another rod mounted horizontally on the carriage of the self-actor and being adapted to be lengthwise reciprocated across to the direction of the motion of the carriage of the self-actor.,1899,0
+"The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus whereby rail-road vehicles can be readily moved short distances by one servant for the purpose of loading or unloading, forming trains or shunting.",1891,1
+"The objects we have in view in forming the rudder in the above described fan-like manner, opening out and shutting with ease and quickness is, that the helmsman may with little physical effort and in a very brief space of time deploy it to the right or left of the stern post or cutwater, and thus cause the ship's course to incline to that side; also that the helmsman may..with little physical force keep the ship's rudder in the required position: Under the methods now in use the helmsman is obliged to bring the rudder slowly' from a direct line with the keel to the angle required to alter the ship's course, pressing. by,sheer strength all the time the rudder against the water; indeed it requires in stormy weather 3 or 4 men at the wheel of a large, ship, and even in some cases as many as can be crowded round the helm can hardly hold it steady.",1864,1
+"This food, sweetened to the taste and made
+light by yeast or soda, and baked or otherwise cooked, is an excellent support
+to the respiratory organs of consumptive persons, and may be used generally
+by man as a source of nutrition.",1857,0
+"""My invention relates to improvements in printing telegraph apparatus and is designed, by means of a transmitting device provided with an ordinary keyboard, such as the Remington, to operate at a distant station any ordinary typewriter or other keyboard machine, such as a type setting machine, the Rogers typograph, or Mergenthaler's linotype.""
+
+""The object of the invention, as illustrated in the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification and herein described, is to transmit any one of the thirty-two positive combinations of five short positive and negative currents corresponding in duration to the Morse dot, to an interpreting instrument at a distant station consisting of thirty-two elements one only of which is completely unlocked by any given combination of currents and being unlocked makes electrical contact and operates a given electro-magnet and corresponding key of a typewriter. The apparatus embodying my invention may, however, be provided with a greater number of combinations and of positive and negative currents, as hereinafter described.""
+
+""The further object of the invention is to fulfil the following conditions; first, to use only ordinary telegraph currents capable of being relayed and subject to all the conditions of ordinary telegraphy; secondly, to operate at a distance any ordinary typewriting machine or any type-setting or similar machine; thirdly, to be able to transmit at least eighty different characters; fourthly, to work at the utmost speed permitted by the manual dexterity of the operator working at a transmitting keyboard in all respects like that of an ordinary typewriter keyboard; and, fifthly, to dispense with all clockwork controlling mechanism, synchronously moving type wheels, and other slow and cumbersome devices.""
+
+""The object of the electro-magnets 58 is to enable the magnets 57 and 60 to make a complete stroke. Without the magnets 58 and with the current going direct from the wire q' (see Figure 6) to the contact 56 the only result of the quadrant 54 making contact at 56 is to set up a violent buzzing like the trembling of an electric bell. This difficulty may be avoided in different ways, but the arrangement shewn is the simplest and best.""",1893,1
+"One of the objects aimed at by my Invention is to enable a large and tolerably constant load on the lifting ram or cylinder to be raised or lowered when desirable, as in the case of books, cash, and such like belonging to bankers and others. One of the objects aimed at by my Invention is to enable a large and tolerably constant load on the lifting ram or cylinder to be raised or lowered when desirable, as in the case of books, cash and such like, belonging to bankers and others.",1878,1
+"The second part of the Invention relates to a device applicable to any bolt cutting machine, whereby ""squared"" or ""faced"" headed bolts may be cut upon the same centering upon which the facing or squaring is performed.",1873,0
+"The object of my invention is to manufacture blue coloring matter for the use of laundresses and others, which shall be capable of acting as a disinfectant in addition to its coloring property.",1883,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in bottle-filling apparatus and has for its object to provide an efficient economic and durable machine in connection with which flexible filling tubes may be employed and to provide a means whereby the machine may be effectually and expeditiously manipulated by a single attendant. A further object of the invention is to so construct the machine that a series of bottles of irregular sizes may be filled as readily as a series of bottles of regular size, and also to provide a means whereby the supply of liquid may be cut off from any one or from the entire number of bottles to be filled at the option of the operator. Another feature of the invention is to provide a means whereby the air forced out from the bottles by the liquid entering them, and also any surplus liquid which may be fed to the bottles while being filled will be conducted back directly to the cask from which the supply of liquid is taken, and to provide for the suspension of the working portion of the apparatus automatically when the last row of bottles in a case have been filled, thus enabling the operator to conveniently and without danger remove the filled case and substitute therefor a case of empty bottles.",1891,1
+"The chief object of this Invention is so to construct ships of war that they shall provide ample facilities for working broadside guns, while effectual protection is afforded to the crew and also to the hull of the ship, access to the upper deck by boarders being provided against. The chief object of this Invention is so to construct ships of war that they shall possess ample facilities for the working of broadside guns, while at the same time effectual protection is afforded to the crew and also to the hull of the ship, access to the upper deck by boarders being provided against. In order to afford the crew of this class of vessel when not engaged in actual warfare spaco for exercise and healthful recreation, I propose to provide a temporary upper deck, which will permit of speedy removal and stowage below on the approach of danger.",1863,0
+"My invention relates to optical or magic-lanterns, and has for its chief object to provide means whereby both mounted and unmounted slides can be conveniently and easily exhibited in the same lantern, the unmounted slides being automatically registered or adjusted relatively to the lenses; and whereby a curtain or screen is operated between the exhibition of the slides, all as hereinafter described.",1889,0
+"The objects of the invention are, first, to provide a simple and inexpensive marker or runner by which the scales or marks of graduation can be quickly and easily read; and, second, to enable the upper one of two removable concentric disks to be readily and easily grasped and turned independently of the lower disk. The first object I accomplish by mounting on the marker or runner a plano-convex lens which magnifies transversely, that is, the spaces between the division lines on the scale are magnified as are also the widths of such division lines, while the lengths of the latter are not perceptibly elongated. The second object is effected by providing the lower disk with one or more elongated openings to permit the upper or smaller disk to be grasped between the thumb and finger in order to turn it independently of the other disk, thus permitting both disks to be manipulated by the fingers of one hand of the operator.",1895,1
+"It is considered important that the tearing devices should be operated by the spring when in the act of tearing the seal instead of its being operated by a key and then returned to its original position by spring, as has been proposed because if the slightest movement is given to the spring in my construction the seal is necessarily totally defaced, as the force of the spring cannot be controlled, whereas where the tearer is moved by a key an attempt might be carefully made and on the discovery that the scal would be broken by further movement of the key it might be stopped without sufficient damage being done to the seal to show without comparatively close inspection.",1887,0
+"This Invention has for its object to simplify the operation of tuning pianofortes and other stringed instruments, and to enable ladies and others who have not the necessary strength of hand or wrist to use the ordinary key to tune their own instruments.",1876,1
+"To render canvas and other materials rot proof and more durable than ordinary untreated canvas, without practically altering the natural colour I impregnate the fabric with sub sulpho cyanide of copper.",1890,0
+"""My invention has for its object to provide a machine or apparatus for dividing
+shaping working or dressing stone and the like (I will refer to it as stone) with
+great facility rapidity and economy in time and labour.""
+
+""My invention has for its object to provide a machine, or apparatus with
+alternative attachments for dividing, shaping, working. or dressing stone or the
+like, (I will refer to it as stone) with great facility, rapidity, and economy in time
+and labour.""",1899,0
+"The object of this invention is to provide a ready and effectual remedy for mange and other diseases of the skin in horses, dogs, and other animals, by the application of which the itching is stopped in a few hours, and the coat is restored in a short time.",1890,0
+"By the means hereinbefore descibed, a simple and inexpensive device is obtained by the aid of which axles or shafts or the like may be primarily driven or the rotation of crank driven axles or shafts may be assisted.",1896,1
+"Now by means of my invention I overcome these objections. My invention consists in making the iron of the ring in two parts and in manufacturing separately and apart by means of moulds the coils or sections of wire which are to be placed on the ring. The coils having been made they are slipped or passed upon the two parts of which the ring is composed and the two parts are then connected so as to form a whole which presents no projection, no solution of continuity in a magnetic point of view. Lastly I cover the gaps which remain at the points of junction either by applying coils or sections thereto in the ordinary way or by opening out a little the coils or sections already on the ring.",1883,0
+"The object of our Invention is to produce all the marks by one operation or by one revolution or reciprocation of a roller, or of a part upon which the scribers or markers are fixed.",1875,0
+"My said Invention has for its object the application of improved apparatus for diminishing manual labor, and for obtaining increased efficiency and expedition in building ships and in making various other metallic structures; and it comprises developments of the Invention described in my Patent Specification No. 815 of 1882.My said Invention has for its object the application of improved apparatus for diminishing manual labor and for obtaining increased efficiency and expedition in building iron or steel ships, and in making various other iron or steel structures; and it comprises developments of the Invention described in my Patent Specification No. 815 of 1882.",1886,1
+"It must be understood that what I desire to patent is, the covering one or both ends of such percussion instruments as croquet mallets & with caps made from materials more or less elastic, and having for its objects the rendering mallets and balls more durable, preventing the rapid wearing off of distinctive colors on balls, lessening the risk of fracturing handles of mallets, obviating the jar felt in the arm of a player when a ball is struck hard, striking and driving balls with greater precision and with a greater range of percussive force.",1868,1
+"For this purpose I employ the following arrangements, the first of which refers more particularly to the clipping of horses and such animals, and is done by means of a number of cutting shears so arranged on a comb that the length of the hair left can be regulated and the cutters guarded by means of said comb, so that the skin of the animal cannot be injured. The second arrangement applies to a guard or tooth of a comb applied in similar manner to the ordinary sheep shears, to protect against cutting the skin and accelerate the operation of shearing.",1866,1
+"This invention relates to that class of Rock-Drilling Machines which operate to bore a hole into rock by successive endways thrusts of the drill, and it has for its object, first, to provide means whereby a continuous circular motion of a hand crank will raise the drill and permit it to drop or to be thrown downward by a spring intermittently without any jerk or jar upon the hand crank; second, to provide an automatic feeding device which shall feed the drill into the rock as fast as the drill can penetrate, whether the rock be hard or soft; third, to provide means for automatically rotating the drill in its hole; and fourth, to provide means whereby the legs of the machine may be first extended in any direction to find secure footing and then be rigidly bound in the machine to support it firmly in any desired position.",1886,1
+"The object of this Invention is to facilitate the laying of braid upon the fabric to be ornamented by embroidery machinery. To this end I provide means which will ensure the braid bobbin holder, the braid guide, and the braid layer all following the axial motion of the needle bar.",1873,0
+These improvements are calculated to make longer pirus or cops than any heretofore produced without a corresponding lengthening of the spindle blade. The spindles may thus be driven at the same speed for the production of long piros as for short ones with a corresponding increase in the turn off or production of yarn.,1896,1
+"The object of the improvements is to vary the amount of traverse of the thread or yarn as laid on to bobbins or pirns, in order that the successive layers of it may extend a shorter and shorter distance, and a conical or such like form thereby be given to the ends of the quantity so laid.",1859,0
+"Electrical connection with the two portions b, b', of the casing is made by passing the wires of a circuit by preference for the sake of convenience and neatness through the tube of a gas bracket or gasalier out through openings formed in the side of the nozzle or gas burner socket, these wires being insulated from the metal of the socket.",1881,0
+This invention relates to improvements in connection with pedals for ⚫ycles and its object is to provide an arrangement which will give additional power in the driving of the cycle.,1898,1
+"Our invention of improvements consist of: Firstly constructing and arranging a Waggon and a Cart to be low on the ground and convenient for loading, fitted with Springs or otherwise, to be used for the conveyance of street sweepings, Slop, Mud or Dust, Lime, Coals, Ashes, Earth, Grain, Manure, or any other loose materials which are usually or may be shovelled into the Waggon or Cart, and discharged therefrom by means of tipping, the same retaining all the facilities of other kinds of Tipping Waggons and Carts for freely tipping and discharging their contents (2nd) Opening the Door of the said Waggon or Cart automatically and simultaneously with the tipping of the same, (3rd), A new arrangement for facilitating tipping the said Waggon and Cart also in said Cart for regulating the weight on the Horses back, and retarding the Wheels when necessary, or setting the Cart Body to any desired position.",1884,0
+The object of my invention is to effect in a simple and expeditious manner the expanding and staving or thickening of the ends of tubes in order mainly to prepare the tubes for use as tube stays in the construction of steam boilers in which the expanded tube ends are screwed into the tube plates and afterwards expanded therein. This object I attain by the use of machinery or apparatus of improved construction designed to effect at a single operation and under one heating both the expanding of the tube end and the staving or thickening which is required to compensate for the reduction in thickness due to the expansion.,1886,0
+"This Invention has for its objects to lighten manual labour, to save time, and to secure increased accuracy in cutting verges or edgings.",1871,1
+The purpose of this Invention is to secure the invaluable qualities of caoutchouc by providing an improved basis for such composition and by incorporating with such basis caoutchouc or caoutchouc offal as hereinafter described. The purpose for which the cables are to be used determines the selection and the proportioning of the ingredients.,1889,0
+"The auxiliary circuit has a lower electromotive force than the main circuit and is designed for operating translating devices (of which incandescing electric-lamps form the best example) placed in multiple arc circuits and requiring a current of lower tension than the lamps or other translating devices in multiple arc in the main circuit and the said auxiliary circuit has also by preference in multiple arc the coils of the field of force magnet connected therewith or the said auxiliary circuit may be emploved exclusively for supplying the field of force magnet, in which latter case means are provided for automatically adjusting and controlling the tension of the auxiliary circuit so as to regulate the generation of current by the machine to suit the requirements of the main circuit.",1882,0
+"""Now the object of this invention is so to construct an apparatus for swimming or propulsion in water, that the user may be enabled to derive all the advantages of swimming, considered as mere pleasure, as a hygienic exercise, or a swift means of locomotion, and obtain a much greater speed than could heretofore be attained.""",1899,1
+"My invention relates to the construction of a rotary engine to be worked by steam
+or other fluid under pressure, applicable also, when worked by extraneous power, as a
+pump, blower or exhauster; the chief object which I have in view being to reduce
+the friction and wear of the rubbing parts by so arranging them that there is little
+difference in their relative velocities.",1888,0
+"The purpose of these ""gliding lips"" which in no way assist in propulsion is to diminish the present heavy loss of power :-
+Firstly. By lessening the impact of the leading edge on the water.
+Secondly. By lessening vibration.
+Thirdly. By gradually (and not suddenly) deflecting and accelerating the
+inflowing stream.
+Fourthly. By diminishing the drag under the lee of the trailing edge. I employ no casing or guide blades of any kind for the screw to react on, notwithstanding this I claim by this arrangement, that the stream of water is really accelerated as it passes through the screw and thus I attain the object aimed at by a gaining pitch (which last alone is ineffectual since the same bulk of water must enter the screw as leaves it and if the cross section is unchanged it must leave it at the same rate and no other). By this increase in the size of the boss I obviate to a great. extent the rotation of the race and thereby obtain with the same engine power an increase in the speed.",1893,0
+"It has long been a great desideratum to find some material for roofing houses, which by its qualities might fulfill the following conditions:-1ly, it must preserve the interior of the houses from rain or snow, & afford an easy flow to the water; 2ly, combine solidity & lightness; 3ly, sufficiently cheap to compete with the ordinary roofing; 4ly, unite eleganco & an easy adjustage.",1860,0
+"The advantages derived from my Invention are, the giving to the landing bars superior motion to that now imparted to them, and also the removing of the cumbrous machinery of back shafts, goose necks, and half jacks both in the front and back parts of the machine to more convenient parts thereof, so as to afford more convenience and greater facilities to the operations of the workman. By this arrangement, the goose necks are removed from chafing and frequently breaking the warp threads, thereby saving the time of the workman, besides affording him much easier access to various parts of the machine both in front and at back thereof. By my Invention I also give greater facilities for the application of guide bar brackets, now so much in request in this description of machinery, and for jacking the threads, or for the application of the spool principle, besides affording more convenience generally to the operations of the workmen employed on the machine.",1855,1
+"""My Invention of Certain Improvements in Apparatus for Diving and Working under Water, and Inspecting from above Objects which are beneath the Surface of the Water, have for their object the more perfect arrangement and construction of the various apparatus to be used for that purpose, and consist,-
+First, in several improvements in the diving apparatus, or helmet and dress worn by the diver, and the mode of steadying him, and the baskets or buckets used to bring up articles from below against the action of the tide or current.
+Secondly, in the mode or method of enabling the divers to converse with each other, and with the persons in the attendant boats or vessels above.
+Thirdly, in protecting the divers or pearl fishers from sharks or other fish of prey.
+Fourthly, in suspending the divers in cages, or on stages, to enable them to be moved over the surface of the bottom of a ship or vessel, or along the sides of walls of docks or piers, or other such places where a footing cannot be obtained for the diver.
+Fifthly, in illuminating the ground or objects under water by reflectors or mirrors directing the sun's rays upon the parts required to be illuminated, .and in the mode of supplying air to lamps burning under the water for the purpose of more perfectly supporting combustion therein.
+Sixthly, in an improved construction of portable diving bells formed of air and waterproof cloth, or fabrics protected by framework.
+Seventhly, in an improved construction of single-action force pumps for supplying the divers or bells with air.
+Eighthly, in the application of an bydraulic engine, similar in its action to an hydraulic press, where the expansive force of compressed water is exerted upon a piston in a cylinder to obtain the required power to raise heavy weights or wrecks of ships, or vessels sunk under water.
+Ninthly, in the improved method of surveying and inspecting from above objects which are beneath the surface of the water, by illuminating such objects, or the bed of the sea, and inspecting with telescopes or tubes, partially im- mersed in the water, to enable the persons above to see more distinctly below."" The object of my seventh improvement is to obtain a more constant or continuous stream of air from a single-action force pump than can be obtained by those of the common construction, and is shewn in the vertical section of the pump at Figure 18.",1835,1
+"My Invention has for its object the casting of pulleys in such a manner as to obviate the necessity for afterwards turning or otherwise finishing their peripheries, and the hole in the boss for the axle, and also to give increased hardness to these parts.",1872,0
+"My invention relates to photographic film-carriers and dark-slides, and is intended to improve the construction and to reduce very considerably the cost, weight and size of such articles.",1892,0
+"My invention relates to an apparatus intended for use in railway carriages and other vehicles and has for its object the automatic regulation of the gas or electric light supply so that the same may be turned on or off as persons enter or leave the vehicles thus effecting a most economic supply of either gas or electric light. This arrangement has never been a success, because of the great expense incurred in altering the present seats of railway carriages or other vehicles, I have therefore designed the following invention with the object of providing a cheaper method of applying the automatic regulator.",1895,0
+"The Invention is designed for the purpose of constructing a life boat, the composition and nature of which will enable the same to ride with less draught, and be much more buoyant than those now in use without danger of capsizing, and also prevent disasters occuring to the occupants of the same in the event of such boat coming into contact with a wreck or other obstacle in rough seas, or when going alongside, as any violent contact between the wreck or other obstacle and the life boat would only cause such boat to yield and rebound.",1875,0
+"This invention consists in improvements in Box's umbrella patented 30th September 1884 No. 13,008, the object being to increase its strength and usefulness while decreasing its bulk.",1888,0
+"By the present invention all these disadvantages are obviated. According to my invention, the cranks are fixed on the axle of the rear wheel, and the saddle is so arranged that the middle of the seat is exactly over the centre of the crank axle, or very nearly so.",1897,0
+"My said Invention has for object to impart increased strength to handles for hammers, mallets, picks, mattocks, and similar tools, and at the same time to permit of the use of wood of smaller sizes than is required for handles of the ordinary kind.",1863,1
+"""The object of our improved arrangement of apparatus is to enable a number of bobbins or ""wheels"" to be wound at one time independently of each other, under the superintendence of one person, in such manner that each may be equally filled, that the thread or yarn may be kept steady while being wound on, and be readily cut, and that the reel may be prevented from overrunning.""",1858,1
+"The object of my invention is to permit the hairdresser to drive his own hair- brush without requiring assistance to revolve the brush, as is in the case with revolving hairbrushes now in common use.",1890,1
+"The improvements made up till now in apparatus constructed for this purpose have not attained the end desired, viz., to extract completely with the smallest possible quantity of water the substances just mentioned, in order greatly to economise time and fuel, since the chief point is to bring the extracting liquids up to the degree of density required for the sale.",1874,0
+"My present invention relates to an arrangement of the truck and arins in such a manner that the whole machine can be moved along and operated in narrow workings and that the drill can be directed with facility to work at any angle and level, as I shall describe referring to the accompanying drawings.",1889,0
+"The object of my invention is to construct a ship for the conveyance at one time of a considerably larger number of cattle or other animals or quantity of cotton or other merchandise more, especially when of a bulky nature, than can be done by vessels as usually constructed. The use of my invention will render possible the carrying on at a profit of business between various countries where it can at present only be done at a loss.",1895,0
+"The object of my Invention is to arrange parallel vice in such a manner that when the vice lever is held in a certain position the loose jaw of the vice will be free, and can be slided towards or from the fast jaw of the vice the distance required to take in between the jaws the material that the workman is operating upon, and when the jaws are in contact with the material between them the workinan can instantly apply pressure to the jaws, and secure the material therein quite firm.",1877,1
+"The top or upper surface is entirely covered in Covering in the top, I claim to be a specialité of this excavator, no such device having been heretofore adopted with a view to protect the contents of dredgers or excavators against the scouring action of water from above whilst being hauled up through it Exhaustive experiments carried out by me prove that by this arrangement any kind of soil whatever can be landed without loss in transit through water, even, when obstructions between the jaws prevent them from closing properly.",1885,0
+"My Invention has for its object principally to simplify the construction of and to render more convenient and efficient in use the canisters used for holding paints, and the cans used for holding varnishes, than canisters and cans of the ordinary construction.",1876,0
+"""The machine which is the subject of the present Invention is designed for cutting the several faces of a file at one operation, a cutter striking on each face of the blank which is supported and fed forward as the cutting proceeds.""
+""The machine which is the subject of the present Invention is designed for cutting the several faces of a file at one operation, a cutter striking on each face of the blank which is supported and fed forward as the cutting proceeds.""
+""The several faces of a file being cut by this machine at one operation or whilst the blank is being fed up once, a great saving of time and labor of the attendant is effected.""",1862,1
+"It has for its objects improvements in the construction and arrangement of such digging machinery or apparatus, so that it can be readily and usefully applied for purposes and in situations where locomotive digging machinery actuated and propelled by self contained steam or other Engines could not conveniently be made available.",1882,0
+"The principal object of the invention is to provide a cushioned support of the bicycle so arranged as to afford a rest on or against which the pubic bone of the rider of the bicycle may rest, to enable the rider to occupy different positions in propelling the machine, and to give ease and comfortable support in riding, whereby the rider is enabled to utilize to greater advantage the force exerted on the cranks or pedals in propelling the machine, and particularly when riding long distances or in speeding or racing.",1897,1
+The object of which is to enable the rider to obtain more propelling power over the machine he is riding with less exertion than hitherto expended.,1896,1
+"My invention relates to the production of wooden cylinders, particularly of such as are used in the manufacture of barrels for barrel bodies or barrel blanks, and has for its object an improved method of and apparatus for bending strips or scrolls of wood, produced by a spiral cut from a log, into cylindrical form.",1896,0
+"This invention of improvements in grippers for cable tramways has been devised for the purpose partly of providing a more powerful gripper than has hitherto been in use, that is, one in which the leverage obtained is greater, and partly to provide a gripper which is simpler and more reliable in its operation than those of ordinary construction.",1889,1
+"The object of the present invention is to produce a cap for syphon bottles, with its valve and syphon pipe, and means of actuating the said valve which while being as efficient and as useful as the ordinary well known arrangement for drawing off large or small quantities at pleasure of aerated or effervescent liquids without waste while maintaining the strength and quality of the liquid until the whole is consumed or expended, shall be less costly to produce.The object of the present invention is to produce a cap for syphon bottles, with its valves and syphon pipe, and means of actuating the said valve, which while being as efficient, and as useful as the ordinary well known arrangement for drawing off large or small quantities at pleasure of aerated or effervescent liquids, or other liquids under pressure without waste, while maintaining the strength and quality of the liquid until the whole is consumed or expended, shall be less costly to produce.",1882,0
+The object of the invention is more particularly to enable the chenille or fur which is used in the manufacture of chenille carpets to be woven with facility and rapidity by power; but the invention is applicable to the weaving of other articles or goods.,1889,0
+"The practical object attained by such core bars is the slight variation in the diameter of the bars, to the effect that, whilst the bars may be set with facility to the actual diameter required in the moulding action, their diameter may be at once mechanically reduced, to facilitate their withdrawal after the casting has been made. Core bars arranged according to these improvements are simple in construction, may be readily adjusted and used by the moulder, and are adapted to facilitate greatly his labour, and produce better and more perfect castings at a reduced cost.",1858,1
+"This invention is designed to produce a metal rail or tramway sleeper with stout
+jaws and without cutting or thinning the metal. This invention is designed to produce a metal rail or tramway sleeper with stout
+jaws and without cutting or thinning the metal.",1888,0
+"The tobacco is pressed from above by a shorter endless wire band placed at an angle, and which is also supplied with a series of rollers, the object being to compress the tobacco while being carried forwards towards the metal mouth-piece opposite, and ready for the cutters, which are formed by placing one or more scimetar-shaped cutters or knives on the periphery of a metal disc, and so arranged as to be self-sharpening.",1856,0
+"The object of this invention is to produce cotton cloth and other goods or materials so sized and filled as to cause the same to present a smooth, hard surface capable of being painted or printed upon, and at the same time improve the quality and durability of the goods as compared with those manufactured with the filling materials heretofore used which consist, chiefly, of clay in one form or another, chalk, whiting, and the like.",1883,0
+"The object of the present invention consists of a machine or apparatus for sifting and simultaneously mixing thick fluid liquids, according to which a centrally rotating brush is caused to throw the said mass or liquid outwards into the path of other brushes rotating around the said central brush in the opposite direction and having further a movement in the vertical plane.",1895,0
+"The object of my Invention is either to increase the draught in open fire- places, or to put out or deaden fires therein, and I propose to do either by the same apparatus.",1861,0
+"This lowering and raising of the block B by means of the wheel B' at each heel attaching operation entails considerable labour and loss of time. By means of our invention the block B, after having been once fixed in position relatively to the block A, need not be again removed, (i.e. raised or lowered) for the attachment of any subsequent number of heels of the same height. In order to avoid raising and lowering the block B as described we provide for elevating and lowering the boot carrying block A relatively thereto, this movement being much more speedily effected and entailing less labour.",1892,1
+The improved machine is intended more particularly for printing illustrated publications.,1885,0
+"This invention relates to locks, principally for use upon the doors of closets for public use, to be opened only upon the placing of a proper coin or coins in the slit provided therefor. The object of the improved mechanism is to permit of the use of either one penny or two halfpennies to operate the release of the lock.",1893,0
+"To lessen the labour in feeding and to prevent such accidents is the object of this invention. The arrangement of the rollers d. ef and g renders it quite unnecessary for the operator to use any force to pass the material to the knife rollers a and al-It is only necessary for him to place the material in the trough A-and the rollers d, e f and g will carry it forward and compress it.",1884,1
+"This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction and working of bicycles and other velocipedes, and applicable in part to other purposes, is designed (among other objects) to provide effective means whereby the rider of a velocipede may propel it up inclined roadways or travel on rough or uneven ground or against a headwind with a minimum of exertion. With this object I construct the propelling or driving mechanism (as has been previously done) so that the rider or operator can use his own weight as an auxiliary power to actuate such mechanism should he at any time desire or require to do so; but the improved arrangements and combinations of parts which I employ are more advantageous in their application and use than the arrangements hitherto in use, and enable the desired result to be attained by more simple means than has been hitherto attainable.",1880,1
+"My invention is particularly useful in the case of existing artificial teats or nipples which may have become flattened in stock and which, without the application of my invention thereto, are practically useless as the child cannot obtain a proper supply of food therethrough, and a child is frequently cruelly tortured by such teats in consequence of its mother or nurse being ignorant of the fact that they are in a collapsed or faulty condition. According to my invention I remedy the evil above referred to by placing in the interior of an artificial teat a, a core b made of india-rubber or other suitable material, and which is of such form that in the event of the teat a being compressed on to the same, the passage through the teat or nipple a shall not be closed.",1892,0
+"The advantage of the double unison grand pianofortes over single grand pianofortes is an increase in the power or volume of sound, while the effect of the double octave grand pianoforte is (at the pleasure of the per- former) the power of producing with one finger the effect of octaves on single grand pianofortes.The advantage of the double unison grand pianoforte over single grand pianofortes is an increase in the power or volume of sound, while the effect of the double octave grand pianoforte is the power of producing with one finger the effect of playing octaves on single grand pianofortes which may be used or dispensed with at the pleasure of the performer.",1860,1
+"The object of this invention is to overcome all these difficulties by constructing
+a governor which will at all times prevent a dangerous change of velocity from
+whatever cause and absolutely control the speed of the engine under all conditions
+and circumstances, I attain this object by the mechanism illustrated in the 1
+accompanying drawing in which :-
+Figure 1 represents a side elevation partly in section of the engine stop valve
+and throttle-valve with the appurtenances for working the same.",1886,0
+"This Invention relates to electric arc lamps, and its object is to prevent the rapid
+consumption of the carbons, and to produce a clear and steady light which will not
+be affected by the circulation of air either upon the outside or in the interior of the
+globe in which the electric light is formed.",1884,0
+"The object of the Invention is to provide a simple and powerful machine to be operated by hand or by means of a treadle for punching, shearing, or stamping metals and other materials.",1878,1
+"The object of this Invention is to produce a pair of shears which for lightness, strength, quality, and cost of production shall be superior to those of ordinary construction; and, further, the object of this Invention is to produce the improved form of shears by a novel method at a cheaper rate than shears of ordinary construction have as yet been manufactured.The object of this Invention is to produce a novel form of shears which for lightness, strength, quality, and cost of production shall be superior to those of ordinary construction, the said shears being produced for the most part by the ordinary process of punching or flying-out in an ordinary punching machine.or fly-press.",1879,0
+"The invention has for its object to provide certain improvements relating to the dies for longitudinally severing a strip into two sections, and to an organized machine of which said dies form parts. The object of this formation of the fixed cutting-die is to give the portion of the strip a immediately adjoining the end of the cut formed by the cutting-dies the transverse inclination 3, (shown in Figures 16 and 17), this inclination connecting the depressed section a2 with the raised section a¹ by a gradual incline, and preventing the abrupt upward bending or distortion of the edge of the strip at the end of the cut, which would take place, as shown in Figure 18, if the first tooth of the fixed cutting-die were flush with the other teeth of said die. The object of the raising of the top clamping-die before the bottom clamping-die rises is to prevent the positive upward movement of the bottom clamping-die from forcing the lower section of the strip back into the spaces of the upper section of the strip, it being desirable that the two sections be kept separated from each other, so that each can be readily coiled upon its own coiling reel, as hereinafter described.",1896,0
+"The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of metal tubes for gun barrels and other purposes, and in machinery or apparatus employed therein. The turning of the mandri! with the tube thereon partly round is for the purpose of presenting that portion of the tube upon which a rib or fin has been produced by the junction of the rollers to a different portion of the rollers in order that such ribs or fins may be removed in the next pass of the tube; and in order that the attendant, may be capable of readily entering the end of the tube between the rollers, I provide a pair of feed wheels driven from any suitable part of the machine, and capable when desired of being brought nearer to each other, and thereby nipping tightly the tube between them and so forcing it into the nip of the rolls.",1865,1
+This invention relates to improvements in brakes for tramcars and analogous objects and is intended to supplement the ordinary hand power brakes now generally in use.,1892,1
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in stoves and fire grates. In order to effect a saving of fuel in the use of close stoves and open fire grates by reducing the temperature at which smoke and other products of combustion pass into the chimney, I adopt the well known expedient of giving a tortuous course to the flues by which the said products are conducted to the chimney, and so obtain a large area of surface for imparting heat to the air of, or to be admitted to, the room or building to be warmed. The plan of employing tortuous flues has hitherto been limited in practice by the difficulty of sweeping or cleansing such distorted or indirect flues. My Invention overcomes this difficulty.",1879,0
+"My said Invention relates to the manufacture of nitrate of potash in a simpler, superior, and more economical manner than hitherto practised.",1863,0
+"The said Invention relates to a grip to a lever for changing the direction of motion or for the stopping or starting of an engine or for any other purpose to which such gripping apparatus may be applicable and is intended to obviate the uncertainty and danger attending the present method of fastening the levers of locomotives and other engines when running at a great speed, and to enable the driver to regulate them to a greater nicety at whatever speed they may be running, and to prevent the shaking and noise which occurs when the fastening by notching becomes worn. The said Invention will enable the driver to fasten the lever instantaneously at any point on the quadrant by simply opening his hand, and the grip being practically free from friction its durability is indefinite and liberation from it is given by simply grasping the two levers.",1885,1
+"Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the treat-
+ment of sewage and the effluent water of partially purified sewage also in the
+treatment of other water containing organic matter in suspension or solution such
+as water intended for the supply of towns and for drinking and for domestic use.",1885,0
+"The object of this invention is to provide a foot power hammer that will give a perpenticular stroke and which is addapted for all kinds of forging stamping and cutting.
+The object of this invention is to provide a foot power hammer which will give a perpendicular stroke, and which is adapted for all kinds of forging stamping and cutting and can be worked, also by a hand lever when required.",1890,1
+The object of the invention is to give the driver greater control over his horse.,1893,1
+"This Invention has for its object to supply heat and power from a central source to public and other buildings, by generating and distributing through mains and pipes a suitable agent, and conveying it to interior apparatus in said buildings, such as engines, radiators, ranges, and the like for producing motive power and heat for warming, cooking, drying, or other purposes.",1881,0
+"My invention relates to that class of devices, commonly known as pneumatic hammers, in which a reciprocating piston operated by compressed air or other motive fluid hammers upon a tool or tool-holder inserted in or carried by the front end of the cylinder, and has for its object the provision of means whereby the construction of the tool may be simplified and the force of the blow of the piston materially increased as compared with that of pneumatic hammers now generally used.",1899,1
+"This invention relates to improvements in pioneering implements; the special object of the said invention being to reduce the weight of such implements, to increase their durability and to ensure a more easy handling and portability of the same.",1897,0
+"The object of this invention is to manufacture braces or suspenders for trousers, which whilst giving all the comfort and freedom of the most elaborate braces are fixed with very much less trouble.",1886,0
+"My Invention consists of the combinations or arrangements of the parts of mechanism herein after described for withdrawing the strikers of breech-loading small-arms, on unfastening the said small-arms for reloading, or for withdrawing the said strikers and lifting the hammers to half-cock.",1875,0
+"The objects of the invention are firstly to provide a compact readily worked machine whereby to cut at any desired bevel either or both sides of a rotating disc at its peripheral edge which may be done without checking the rotary motion of the disc; secondly to provide mechanism with knives or analogous devices to be actuated by a single hand lever for cutting on the opposite sides the rotating disc's edge at predetermined angles and in succession; and thirdly to provide a compact disc sharpener capable of being wholly operated by the attendant wherein the rotary motion of the disc is imparted with one hand whilst the other is employed in applying a knife or other analogous device to the rotating disc, or the rotary motion may be obtained by steam power or other suitable power mechanism.",1893,1
+"The principle of my Invention consists in converting the external or indirect motion which takes place in the ordinary draught of carriages by quadrupeds, into a more direct or primary action, by which the animal is enabled to exert his power with more economy, greater safety, and at much higher velocities. My Invention consists, therefore, in the application of a certain combination of machinery to effect the raising and suspending or supporting quadrupeds fit for locomotion on a carriage or framework supported on wheels, by which the whole or great part of the weight of the horse is carried by the interposition of certain springs, bars, girths, and braces. The action which takes place is perhaps better described by saying, that in ordinary draught the power of the horse is incapable of accumulation, whereas the object of the present Invention is to store up the average expenditure of force by the horse as constant additions to the ultimate momentum. The object of this leverage is to guide or turn the conjoint carriage.",1838,1
+"Now my Invention relates to an improved method of so fixing the points in their proper position previous to the passing of the train, or during its progress over the points of junction.",1871,0
+"The object is to enable the person in charge of the ""horse"" or vehicle to back or move the vehicle for short distances so as to bring it to any required position, or to start the motor; this is desirable as the explosion engines employed for vehicles of this description are not usually arranged to reverse or move the vehicle in a backward direction, and as they also usually require to be started by hand, the power which I now propose to give to the rider to assist the movement, is desirable.",1896,1
+"The chief object of this Invention is to provide a facile means for shearing sheep. To this end, instead of relying upon the shearer for providing the mechanical force as well as the skill required in shearing, I avail myself of manual labour, horse, or steam power for working the cutting blades, and I thus relieve the skilled operator from a large amount of physical exertion.",1876,1
+"The object of my invention is to provide apparatus for most thoroughly developing strength and pliability in various muscles and ligaments of the fore-arm, fingers, hand and wrist, especially those which are brought into use in performing upon the piano-forte, and many other musical instruments, and in operating type-writing machines and other key-actuated mechanism.",1885,1
+My invention consists of the improvements herein after described whereby the coating of sheet iron with zinc or alloys of zinc or other coating metal or alloy is so effected that the quantity of the coating metal or alloy may be conveniently regulated and a smoothness given to the surface of the coated sheet unattainable by the use of the apparatus ordinarily employed.,1886,0
+"This invention relates to apparatus for the mercerization of fabrics, and par-
+icularly those in which a high lustre is desired. The invention has for its
+object to provide more efficient and satisfactory means than those heretofore
+employed, for preventing or reducing to the minimum the transverse shrinkage
+of the fabric, which is caused by mercerization, and to avoid the use of tentering
+devices, which have been heretofore used for this purpose and which are
+necessarily unsatisfactory and comparatively inefficient in their operation and
+injurious to the edges of the fabric.",1899,0
+"The object of this invention is to afford a means whereby the rider of a bicycle, tricycle, safety or other velocipede shall be able to exert a greater amount of power on the treadles of the machine than heretofore and thereby obtain a considerable increase of speed. The object of this invention is to afford a means whereby the rider of a bicycle, tricycle, or other velocipede shall be able to exert a greater amount of power on the treadles of the machine than heretofore and thereby obtain a considerable increase of speed.",1891,1
+"My said invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts hereinafter described for cushioning the said hammers by means of an air cushion so as to relieve the mechanism of the hammer from the shock of the blow of the hammer and to permit of the operator determining at will the character of the blow given, that is to permit of a light or heavy elastic blow.",1892,1
+"In devising the present improvements I have had primary objects in view-first to drive the operative parts of the machine by direct positive mechanical devices in lieu of a belt, thereby ensuring uniform and certain actions of the various agencies, and reducing the power required to run the machine; and second to relieve the attendant to a great extent of the constant care and watchfulness heretofore devolving upon him, and enable the main functions of the machine to be controlled by a single guide-lever. Heretofore, the beam or that part of the truck extended horizontally over the skin-supporting table was made vertically movable in the main part of the truck, and the so-called cross-head or carriage was made horizontally movable on ways of the said beam. Such construction was objectionable for the reason that the said beam had to be lifted when the dressing tools were lifted, and also because of the lack of rigidity at the junction of the beam-arms and truck. To obviate these difficulties, the beam-arms have been made as fixed parts of the truck, and the so-called cross-head or carriage has been divided into two parts, one of which is herein denominated as the trundle-frame, and the other as the head. Heretofore, the movable parts of the machine were actuated by a single long belt extended about several active and idle pulleys which was objectionable because of unsteady movement, great consumption of power resulting from friction, and slipping and stretching of the belt. To obviate these difficulties the present machine has been provided with a system of shafting and gearing by which to drive the operating part of the machine positively. Heretofore, two hand-levers were employed, one to control the movement of the truck on its ways, and the other the movement of the so-called cross-head or carriage, and to effect an oblique movement of the said cross-head with relation to the table, it was necessary to move both levers simultaneously, which was very difficult, so the present machine has been provided with a mechanical organization whereby either or all the said movements derived from the movement of the truck on its rails, and of the carriage on its track may be controlled by a single lever. The object in thus locking the yoke and hand-wheel, is to relieve the attendant from the manual labor of holding the guide-bar g in a fixed. position, which is essential to impart rectilinear motion to the tools.",1882,1
+"""This Invention of improvements in machinery for steering vessels by steam or hand power has for its object the combination of steam and hand gear, so that the hand gear or steam gear may work separately when required by the simple action of a hand lever for throwing the one or other into gear and correspondingly throwing the one or the other out of gear. It has also for its object an automatic arrangement of the valves, by which when the rudder is hard over to port or starboard the action of the steam upon the gearing shall cease driving the wheels and avoid the risk of breakage, which would probably occur if such intermittence of the action were dependent upon manual attention.""",1876,0
+"This invention relates to improvements in regenerative gas lamps whereby the lighting power of the lamp is considerably increased.
+
+This invention relates to an improved burner to be used in regenerative gas lamps whereby the lighting power of the lamp is considerably increased.",1886,0
+My said Invention consists in certain improved arrangements in the construction of double-furrow ploughs whereby greater accuracy in steering or guiding the implement is secured with diminution of labour to the attendant both while the plough is in the act of cutting and turning the furrows and also in the necessary turning of the plough.,1870,1
+"This Invention relates to a convertible moulding plane; the object of the invention being to enable a single plane stock to receive and hold moulding bits or cutters and sole pieces of different forms, so that, by providing interchangeable sets of sole pieces and bits or cutters, one plane can be made to do the work of the great number of wooden planes heretofore necessary to plane out mouldings of various forms by hand.",1889,1

labor_augmenting_classifier_val_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+stated_aims,year,labor_augmenting
+The invention has for its object a rotary engine in which the cylinders are fixed on a revolving disc secured to the main driving shaft.,1890,0
+"This invention has for object to provide a lock for securing gates and doors by which the act of fastening is performed automatically, and a means by which the use of springs is dispensed with.",1890,0
+"The improvements relate to the application of glass or other reflectors to stereoscopes, in such manner that more than one person may be capable of looking through suitable glasses or eye-pieces at the same picture or the reflection of it at the same time. Also to the application of glass or other reflectors to the sides of stereoscopes, in such manner as to facilitate the introduction of reflected light on to the picture or pictures sideways. And to facilitate the use of a stercoscope so constructed, the table or such like support for the same, and for lights used therewith, is constructed to admit of looking into the stereoscope from opposite sides; and I construct such table or other support, that when not in use the stereoscope may be enclosed therein, and the table or such like support be used as an ordinary table or such like article, without interference by the stereoscope and its appendages. Also the application of india rubber or other elastic means as connections between the eye-pieces and the bodies of stereoscopes, so as to admit of elasticity, and thereby prevent injury to the eyes whilst viewing objects.",1857,0
+"This invention has for its object the manufacture of tobacco pipes, whereby the nicotine can be thoroughly absorbed into the material of the pipe and the part so absorbed thrown away and a similar part substituted very cheaply.",1891,0
+"My present improvements are designed for the purpose of improving this process of cooling and refining; first, by the employment and use of a novel construction of pan in which the lard is placed for cooling; and, secondly, in apparatus for agitating the same by self-acting mechanism, the effect of which upon the lard is to thoroughly triturate the grain, making it thereby more uniform, firm, and solid.",1866,0
+"In order to prevent sparking which would have an injurious effect upon the working parts, a vacuum is produced in the working box chamber Aor A¹ respectively by means of a small pipe suitably arranged on the said chamber, the said pipe being subsequently closed; or the chamber is completely filled with oil or another suitable insulating liquid.Where the apparatus is fitted up and used in damp places, the lower insulating cover J is filled up to its top with any suitable insulating substance in order that the exposed portions of the main conductor as well as the upper cover 8 may be efficiently protected from external influences.",1896,0
+"The object aimed at in my invention is to enable the rider of the vehicle to store up a large part of the power of gravity which acts on the vehicle and its rider when running down a hill, or surplus muscular power of the rider so as to utilize this power in propelling or assisting to propel the vehicle and rider up the next or any other hill or part of the road.",1882,1
+"My invention has for its object to enable the ""Braille "" system of writing and reading for the blind to be adopted for teaching arithmetic, or book-keeping which is at present a difficult operation and is not attended with success owing to the figures or sums requiring to be formed from right to left in writing and the paper requiring to be reversed for reading. The object of my invention is to enable the figures to be formed from left to right, and be read upon the same side of the sheet, as in ordinary writing and to that end I employ a frame and guide more or less of the usual construction but instead of the guide being formed with small ""pits or indents I form it with small projections similar to an ordinary brass pin head.",1898,0
+"""This invention has for its object improvements in applying fur, hair, wool or other
+fibre or feathers to woven fabrics or other receiving surfaces and in the machinery
+employed for such purposes.""",1886,0
+"This invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism, whereby plates or other surfaces of a similar character, may be evenly coated with liquid enamel, or other analogous substance, and is primarily intended for use in the liquidizing process or stage, of the manufacture of enamelled sign or.other similar plates; and its object is, to minimize the hand labour required in such manufacture, and to ensure greater uniformity and a better quality of work, than is attainable by the methods now in use.",1889,0
+This Invention has for its object the working of a bucket scoop for dredging purposes by means of hydraulic power applied to the end of cranes or framework projecting from the hull of a ship or vessel in which the machinery is placed.,1877,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in guns. For these purposes mechanism is applied to each gun in such manner as to cause the ball or projectile to receive a rotatory motion interior of the gun by the mechanism applied thereto in contradistinction to the rotatory motion heretofore obtained by means of rifling or by rotation of the gun itself.,1864,0
+"The said aprons and rollers may have either a forward continuous motion or a reciprocating motion. Or in lieu of the said aprons and rollers parts of the sides of the hopper itself may be made to reciprocate, the object being to disturb or loosen the material, and thereby ensure a constant supply to the bottom of the hopper.",1872,0
+"My first object is to prevent the iron from cutting, or marking, or injuring the fabric or material to which it is applied. Next, for farther preventing the iron from discoloring the fabric or material, I sometimes coat or cover the smoothing surface or ironing face of the iron with steel or brass, whereby I obtain a clean ironing face. And next, I have for object to facilitate the labor of persons using irons by reducing the effort or exertion required for manipulating the same, or applying pressure thereto.",1864,1
+"""This invention has for its object to provide an improved machine for winding
+thread, string, yarns and the like onto cops, cones or other equivalent or well
+known forms.""",1895,0
+"Now it is the object of my invention, to utilize the phenomenon of increased
+friction produced by the passage of an electric current between the wheels of a 5
+moior-car and the rails upon which it travels, for increasing the traction of the
+moving vehicle at the will of the operator or driver so as to have it entirely
+under control and adjustable according to the demand of the system from moment
+to moment.",1888,1
+"The prime object of this invention is to impart to the cutting knife a curvilinear path of travel and action, and simultaneously therewith a rocking or oscillation upon a shifting axis between the ends thereof, whereby the action of the knife will simulate that of a chopper knife, and give the fabrics what is technically known as a ""draw-cut,"" well known to be the most effective cut in working upon fabrics, because of their yielding nature. Another object is to have the motion of such a character that the curvilinear reciprocation or line of action of the knife may be varied at the will of the operator, according to the class of goods upon which the machine is working and that the plane of its cutting edge will change throughout its stroke thereby enabling a deeper cut into the soft fabrics at each stroke than in the harder or more compact fabrics, and also a change in the angle or position in which the knife enters the fabric, whereby the machine is adapted for cutting all kinds of fabrics, and the action of the knife upon each kind of fabric is rendered effective in the maximum degree.",1892,1
+"""Our Invention relates to the steam injectors usually employed to force water into boilers under pressure. By means of our improved injector we are enabled to employ either the direct steam pressure of the boiler itself, or when the engine is working we may utilise the exhaust steam with the further result of reducing back pressure or producing a partial vacuum in the engine cylinder.""
+
+""Our improvements in boiler feeders relate in the second place to an Invention for which Letters Patent, Number 4803 of the year 1878, were granted to one of us, the said Sam Hallam, and have for their object to improve the action of the apparatus.""",1881,0
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for lowering and detaching ships' boats, whereby the labour of the operation is greatly diminished, and such boats are instantaneously released, either automatically, or by hand, immediately they are waterborne.",1881,1
+"My invention relates to an improved edging upon the edge or border of the wrist band and wrist slit of gloves; and has for its object to obviate the disadvantages attending the means of edging usually employed. My invention is designed to obviate these disadvantages attending the usual methods of edging; and in accordance there with, the leather strip c is connected to the glove leather proper by means of an overedge seam or sewing e.",1896,0
+This filter is designed chiefly for ship use.,1860,0
+"""The purpose is to so control the type-carrier as to be able at will to bring any one of the characters to a common point (which may be conveniently termed the common point of impression"") and to return the carrier to its normal position again.""
+
+""The main object of this feature of the invention is to increase the speed of operation of typographic machines by enabling the operator of the typographic machine, to which the invention is applied, to finger or operate the key-board continuously without having to give any of his time to the separation and closing of the composed matter into lines.""",1899,1
+The object of my Invention is to prevent earrings becoming accidentally loose or detached from the ear.,1871,0
+The object of this invention is to produce a burner which will consume less gas and throw out more heat with a given consumption of gas than is obtainable with athmospheric burners as at present constructed.,1889,0
+"This Invention relates to improvements in revolving windlasses and is designed to increase their power without increasing the space occupied by them, and it may be applied in any case where a great amount of leverage is required, as, for instance, in the raising of anchors on board vessels and the raising of vessels on ships and the like. And in cases where this Invention is used on board vessels it provides a useful capstan for lighter work situate on the upper deck of the vessel, while that for the heavy work is placed on the main deck.",1871,1
+"The invention has for its object the provision of more convenient and effective means than heretofore devised for holding the rivet up to the plates and for supporting the pneumatic hammer and holding it up to its work; and its novelty consists in certain new constructions, arrangements, combinations and modes of operation of the parts constituting my novel apparatus, all of which will be hereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the claims.",1899,1
+This invention renders unnecessary the ordinary steamer attached to Saucepans.,1883,0
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cultivating land, and relates especially to the means for moving forward from time to time as the work progresses the pulleys around which the hauling ropes pass to the implement.",1875,0
+"The object of my invention is to facilitate the passing of wires and cables containing electrical conductors through pipes and conduits having occasional openings, such as when an iron pipe is laid beneath the surface of the street with man-holes or joint-boxes for the purpose of giving access to the ends of the various sections at intervals, in the manner commonly practised.",1891,0
+"""A MACHINE FOR THE PURPOSE OF DIMINISHING THE LABOUR AND FATIGUE OF PERSONS IN WALKING, AND ENABLING THEM AT THE SAME TIME TO USE GREATER SPEED, AND WHICH HE INTENDS TO DENOMINATE THE PEDESTRIAN CURRICLE;""",1818,1
+"""My invention consists of a new or improved machine or apparatus for the preparation of finings for beer, wine and other malt liquors; such for example, as brewers' finings of isinglass; and the object of my invention is to obtain a fine solution free from lumps or other inequalities, which is effected in a simple and efficient manner, by the machine or apparatus hereinafter described.""
+""My invention consists of a new or improved machine or apparatus for the pre-
+paration of finings for beer, wine and other malt liquors; such for example, as
+brewer's finings of isinglass; and the object of my invention is to obtain a fine
+solution free from lumps or other inequalities, which is effected in a simple and
+officient mannor, by the machine or apparatus herein-after described.""",1884,0
+"A special feature of the invention is the provision of means whereby the working centre i.e., the centre of revolution of the hollow and solid crank shafts or spindles can be shifted, at will, relatively to the centre of the driving wheel so as to vary the leverage exerted by the pedal cranks. A feature of the invention is the provision of improved means whereby the working centre i.o., the centre of revolution of the hollow and solid crank shafts or spindles can be shifted, at will, relatively to the centre of the chain driving wheel. By shifting the sleeve 4 within the bottom bracket the angle made by the pedal cranks with one another can be varied. When the sleeve is adjusted so as to set the pedal cranks to the angle shown at Figs. 2 and 3 dead centres are avoided and a steady drive is ensured against a head wind or up hill.",1898,1
+This invention has for its object improvements to facilitate the opening and closing of cylindrical filter presses such as are described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to us No. 2127 dated February 10th 1887 by which both time and Labour are saved.,1890,0
+"""The object of this Invention is to secure the cheap rapid and economical loosening of coal from the vein.""
+
+""The objects of the Invention are to permit the use of unskilled labor to enable the workmen to undermine the coal with much greater rapidity than by the means now employed and to reduce the waste of coal by lessening the size of the channels cut therein.""
+
+""The object of using the primary chisel for taking up the coal at the bottom of the auger hole is to give room for making the first undermining cut and this course of procedure is preferred.""",1882,1
+"This invention has for its object to provide an improved button which, while being applicable to either ladies' or gentlemen's garments, can be readily attached thereto by means of suitable metal pins or catches. The button differs from those hitherto in use in that it can also be easily detached from the garment whenever desired. A further advantage of the invention is that the head or visible part of the button can be made of any suitable material similar to that of the ordinary sewn buttons hitherto in use.",1897,0
+"The object of our Invention is to develope the profitable utilization
+of peat bogs and mosses, by a general improvement of system and
+machinery and apparatus requisite for such purpose. The object of putting the finer hair felt on top is as will be readily
+understood from the systematic upwards decrease of porosity of the
+various materials to have on top a substance (which when the pulped
+peat is charged unto it) presents the finer and naturally more equal
+and greater number of pores to the wet peat, and which can consequently
+more readily or uniformily take up the water of the peat; thus we
+sometimes find it useful to intermix carefully by mechanical means, the
+fine hair felt with similar elastic material, such as for example cotton,
+wadding, or raw cotton, wool, or a cotton or canvass cloth may also be
+placed over the upper layer of felt. The pipe P being branched off at the low level of the retort instead at
+the upper part thereof has for its object to put an extra pressure on the
+carbonizing material, for naturally the evolved gases will rise in tho
+retort, and were the pipe P fitted at the upper part they would escape
+very readily into the pipe, but being forced to find their only place for
+egress at the bottom, which is contrary to their natural ascendancy, they
+must condense the material with which they inevitably come into
+contact when thus forced to descend. In the latter case the object would be to retain as large a
+per centage as possible of the heavier oils in the carbon, and for that
+purpose we find it desirable not to let the heat inside the retort exceed
+by much 400° F.",1874,0
+"My Invention relates in the first place to the ordinary water slide gaseliers, and has for its object to lessen the liability to accidents arising from the escape of gas resulting from a deficiency of water in the tubular shafts of the said gaseliers; to this end I adapt a whistle or double whistle to be sounded by the escaping gas; the ""cup"" or the upper end of the shaft containing the water is formed or fitted with a cover, which is formed or fitted with a stuffing box which slides on the pendant tube; a whistle or double whistle is fixed on the said cover, or on the upper end of the said shaft, so that any gas escaping through the water issues through the whistle and sounds an alarm; the said stuffing box may be of a simple character as absolute tightness is not necessary.",1875,0
+"This invention is designed to supply a description of jointed opera glass made to fold the mounting of which allows the object glasses, and the eye glasses, and their connections to be brought into the same plane; the usual tubes or sleeves being added or dispensed with as preferred. This system of opera glass when folded or turned back has the advantage of presenting only a very thin body to the hand and consequently will occupy little room. It may be easily carried in a pocket book or card case.",1894,0
+"By this invention the plate or frame for receiving the retort or moulded article can be more readily put into any desired position and the retort or other moulded article, after being made can be more easily lowered on to a bogie or carriage. Moreover by the use of a rope or chain and winch as described we obviate having to disconnect the levers every time a retort or other article is made.",1884,0
+My invention consists in a method whereby protected paper may be made in a very cheap way and whereby the degree of sensitiveness may be varied within wide limits.,1887,0
+"This invention has for its object an improved brake shoe, slipper or drag and is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which :-
+Figure 1 is a side elevation of the brake shoe ;
+Figure 2 a plan view;
+Figure 3 a front elevation and
+Figure 4 a cross section of the same. This invention has for its object an improved brake shoe, slipper or drag and is shown in the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, in which-
+Figure 1 is a side elevation of the brake shoe;
+Figure 2 a plan view;
+Figure 3 a front elevation, and
+Figure 4 a cross section of the same.",1895,0
+The object of my invention is to enable the throwing of an explosive projectile having a-minimum weight of shell and a large quantity of explosive material from any approved type of rifled gun without danger of premature explosion and with a relatively high muzzle velocity.,1896,0
+This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to outside blinds for windows and otherwise whereby the blind is projected by the act of lowering the same instead of requiring a separate action for this purpose and the use of pins or spring catches is dispensed with for securing the blind in position.,1885,0
+My invention has for its object to produce in a given time by means of a single machine a quantity of work equal to that produced by two three or even a greater number of ordinary machines of ordinary construction.,1887,1
+"This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of the hook or catch mechanism of the wire motion of looms for weaving pile fabrics for the purpose of enabling it to retain a firm hold upon the pile wire during its withdrawal until it is transferred to the inserting apparatus; the invention also relates to the construction and arrangement of the apparatus for taking the head of the pile wire from the hook or catch, and inserting the same into the open shed.",1888,0
+"With the object of making it convenient to very readily connect a pulley block to, and as readily to disconnect it from, either an eye, ring, or other similarly closed fitting, and yet to secure the block from accidental disengagement from such a fitting after engagement, I make the metal block .binding to finish at the top of a block in the form of an eye or ring a part of which near the block being hinged so that it (the hinged part) can be opened out or in, as desired at will; but to secure the said hinged part of the block eye in the closed position, that is so that it will form with the other part a complete eye or ring, I provide that it shall be held in the closed position by means of a suitably disposed spring. With the view of making it convenient to very readily connect a pulley block to, and as readily to disconnect it from either an eye, ring, or other similarly closed fitting, and yet to secure the block from accidental disengagement from such a fitting after engagement, I make the eye or ring A of the metal binding B of the block B in the form shewn in the drawings in which a part of the eye, in the shape of a tongue C, is hinged on a pin D, passing through same and the adjacent part of the eye or ring.",1897,0
+"The object of my invention is to construct a forked frame with the crown or crosspiece at its upper end, from one and the same length of steel or other tubing, and thus to avoid the necessity of jointing required with forked frames of the usual construction.",1894,0
+"My invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved mode of, and arrangement and combination of mechanism, for the rolling and forming of wheel spokes out of malleable iron and steel bars for carriages, or other railway rolling stock, or like formed articles, which require the end parts of each spoke reduced in both directions at right angles to each other, that is on the edges and sides, and which invention will be more expeditious and produce more uniform work than by the modes heretofore employed of reducing the ends of such wheel spokes or articles after being ""blocked"" out, by hammering and compression in dies or creases.",1889,1
+"It is a fact well known that in molding articles of glass wherein the mold is stationary, and made in two or more sections, that a seam or ridge is formed in the articles molded at each joint of the mold. This is very objectionable and greatly injures or mars the appearance of the moulded article. To remedy this defect or to impart to such molded article a smooth and uniform surface is the object of my Invention.",1871,0
+"The object of this invention is the construction of a boiler capable of producing very rapidly high pressure steam by means of a much larger heating surface relatively to its volume and weight, than in any other steam boilers hitherto constructed.",1882,0
+This Invention has for its object the economizing of fuel in the working of locomotive and other steam engines by the adoption of gas as a heating medium in combination with a forced supply of atmospheric air.,1866,0
+"In some cases I dissolve the cement in coal naphtha, the object of which is to get a
+much larger bulk of cork in proportion to cement, giving lightness, economy, more
+elasticity, and greater resistance to compression.",1877,0
+"The purpose of this machine is to supersede hand labor in the lasting of boots and shoes, not by stretching the entire upper over the boot as is customary in most lasting machinery, but by stretching such upper at one point at a time only, practically as is now accomplished by hand labor; a second object of this machine being to tack the upper to the last at the point where and the time when the said upper is stretched.",1876,1
+"The said Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for preventing one train running into another when either train has by accident or otherwise got on the wrong line and thereby in danger of running into a train ahead of it, and consists,—",1858,0
+This invention for an improvement in or relating to cycle pedals has for its object to provide a pedal that will give a rigid bearing for the foot of the rider at two points only at a considerable distance apart namely the ball of the foot and just in front of the heel. The rigid support just in front of the heel also serves to prevent the foot from slipping forwards in action and is far more easily used than the usual toe clip which is difficult and awkward to get into especially for ladies It also greatly facilitates and induces a proper ankle action thus greatly relieving the muscles of the leg whilst giving a greater propelling power.,1896,1
+"This peculiar construction or arrangement is for the purpose of economizing space and labour, for simplifying the method of applying the necessary power to turn or work such mills or machines, 'to obtain a steadier motion than is gained by, the ordinary methods, to, increase the quantity of work produced by or turned off the said machines, and thus effect a considerable saving of labour and expence,",1850,1
+"This invention relates to a tool for use in turning up the journals of axles, crank pins, and the like, of, say, a locomotive or stationary engine, after the same have become worn, or out of shape. And its object is to provide an adjustable tool that may be used for the said purpose without removing the journal or crank-pin out of its position or place.",1898,0
+"The subject of this invention is an improved ratchet drill and countersink and its object is to devise a means to permit a continuous rotation of the drill in one direction, the drill thus operating twice as fast as those ratchet drills in which the rotation is intermittent and it also has the advantage that it can be used in confined spaces where there is insufficient room to get an extended motion of the actuating handle.",1890,1
+"Now the chief object of the present Invention is to expedite and effect an economy in the operation of bleaching, and to this end I employ a novel mode of treatment for the flax before it is spun, whereby the flax may be prepared and bleached while in a state of fibre. The arbor of this pinion, is carried by a bracket n; bolted to the side of the vat, and secured to the arbor, is an arm o, which, by means of a rod, is connected to a treaddle /. The effect of the depression of this treaddle is to rotate the wheel, whereby the frames will be slidden simultaneously in opposite directions, and carry with them their respective rollers. The treadle is made to fit into a rack or ratchet p, so that the sliding frames and the rollers can be retained in any desired position.",1853,0
+"""This invention has for its object to provide a miniature racecourse by which on the insertion of a prearranged coin into the machine certain mechanism is released and the operator is enabled to operate one of the horses, and simultaneously with the release of the coin freeing mechanism a train of clock work is also set in motion, and with it the other horse, and the race started, one horse being thereby operated by the clockwork and the other by the operator.""",1893,0