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Topic: Stalemate
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Description: A stalemate occurs when the player whose turn it is to move has no legal move and their king is not in check. It results in a draw.
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Topic: En Passant
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Description: En passant is a special pawn capture that can occur if a pawn moves two squares forward from its starting position and lands beside an opponent's pawn.
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Topic: Chess Clock
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Description: A chess clock is used to track the total time each player takes for their moves. If a player's time runs out, they lose the game.
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Topic: Fork
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Description: A fork is a tactic where a single piece attacks two or more of the opponent's pieces at the same time.
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Topic: Bishop Movement
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Description: A bishop moves diagonally any number of squares, but cannot jump over other pieces.
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Topic: Pin
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Description: A pin occurs when a piece cannot move without exposing a more valuable piece, like the king or queen, to attack.
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Topic: Discovered Check
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Description: A discovered check happens when a piece moves, revealing an attack on the opponent's king by another piece.
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Topic: Rook Movement
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Description: A rook moves any number of squares along a row or column.
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Topic: Gambit
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Description: A gambit is a chess opening in which a player sacrifices material, usually a pawn, with the hope of achieving a subsequent advantageous position.
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Topic: Fifty-Move Rule
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Description: The fifty-move rule allows a player to claim a draw if no pawn has been moved and no capture has been made in the last fifty moves by each player.
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Topic: Difference Between Check and Checkmate
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Description: Check is when the king is in danger but can still escape, whereas checkmate is when the king is in danger and cannot escape.
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Topic: Queen Movement
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Description: The queen can move any number of squares along a row, column, or diagonal.
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Topic: Perpetual Check
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Description: Perpetual check is a situation in which one player can check the opponent's king continuously, resulting in a draw if it occurs three times.
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Topic: Phases of a Chess Game
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Description: The three phases of a chess game are the opening, the middlegame, and the endgame.
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Main menu
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WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
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Search
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Create account
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Log in
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Personal tools
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Toggle the table of contents
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Chess
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Article
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Talk
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Read
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View source
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View history
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Tools
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Page semi-protected
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Listen to this article
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the Western board game. For other chess games or other uses, see Chess (disambiguation).
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Chess
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A selection of white and black chess pieces on a checkered surface.
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Part of a Staunton chess set
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Left to right: white king, black rook, black queen, white pawn, black knight, white bishop
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Years active c. 1475 to present[1] (predecessors c. 900 years earlier)
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Genres
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Board game
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Abstract strategy game
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Mind sport
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Players 2
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Chance None
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Skills Strategy, tactics
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Synonyms
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International chess
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Western chess
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Chess is a board game for two players. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess).
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Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to as "White" and "Black", each control sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. The game is won by checkmating the opponent's king, i.e. threatening it with inescapable capture. There are several ways a game can end in a draw.
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The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. The rules of chess as they are known today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, and is played by millions of people worldwide.
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Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs; the International Chess Federation). The first universally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Ding Liren is the current World Champion.
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A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and the arts, and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory; however, chess is not a solved game.
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This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
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Rules
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Main article: Rules of chess
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The rules of chess are published by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs; "International Chess Federation"), chess's world governing body, in its Handbook.[2] Rules published by national governing bodies, or by unaffiliated chess organizations, commercial publishers, etc., may differ in some details. FIDE's rules were most recently revised in 2023.
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Topic: Indigenous
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Description: People inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists.
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Topic: Treaty
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Description: An agreement made between the Government of the United States and indigenous groups as two nations or sovereigns .
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Topic: Land
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Description: For indigenous people, land means culture, relationships, ecosystems, social systems, spirtuality, and law.
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Topic: Atakapa Ishak
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Description: Since precolonial times, the Atakapa-Ishak have lived in southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas, with traditional lands stretching from Vermilion Bay to Galveston Bay. Various organized groups of Ishak exist currently, and while federal agencies have documented the Ishak in the past, no current Ishak groups enjoy federal recognition.
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The self-designated name for this group of Indigenous people is “the Ishak,” a name that approximately means “human beings” or “people,” but it may be related etymologically to the concept of birth, as in “those who have been born.” The Ishak are also known by the Choctaw exonym hattak apa—meaning “man eaters”—which was carried over into European languages as “Atakapa” with various spellings. That name has often been used deliberately and incorrectly in centuries past, especially as a slur to dehumanize the Ishak. While the Choctaw’s name refers to cannibalism, evidence of actual cannibalism amongst the Ishak is dubious at best and slanderous at worst. The name “Atakapa” likely didn’t refer to actual cannibalism. Historian Elizabeth Ellis points out that “man eater” was a metaphor for someone who would take another into slavery during the early colonial period in Louisiana. As such, it was likely the specter of being enslaved by the Ishak in battle that caused some tribal neighbors to use the term. It was later picked up by colonists as a justification for cruel treatment toward the Ishak.
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During a reorganization of Ishak people in 1996 under the late Chief Hubert Singleton, the name “Atakapa-Ishak” was chosen for what is perhaps the largest current group of Ishak, the Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas. Other organized groups of Ishak people include the Attakapas Opelousas Prairie Tribe as well as the members of the Grand Bayou Indian Village in Plaquemines Parish, the latter being a geographic outlier. Other historically related peoples include the Opelousas as well as the Akokisas and Bidais of Texas.
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Traditional Lands: In precolonial times, the Ishak lived in territory stretching from what is now known as Vermilion Bay in Louisiana to as far as what is now known as Galveston Bay in Texas. This territory included areas such as Lake Charles, Lafayette, St. Martinville, and Carencro, places where Ishak people still live now. Some of the traditional Ishak areas were named the Attakapas Parish of the Orleans Territory by the United States after the Louisiana Purchase, a continuation of the French practice.
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From Atakapa Ishak Natation of SWLA
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Main article: Rules of chess
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The rules of chess are published by FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs; "International Chess Federation"), chess's world governing body, in its Handbook.[2] Rules published by national governing bodies, or by unaffiliated chess organizations, commercial publishers, etc., may differ in some details. FIDE's rules were most recently revised in 2023.
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