Create app.py

app.py

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+**Data Preprocessing**
+
+import os
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
+from PIL import Image
+
+# Set image size and batch size
+IMAGE_SIZE = (224, 224)
+BATCH_SIZE = 32
+
+# Paths to your dataset
+TRAIN_PATH = 'Covid_19 Image Data'
+
+# Data generator for loading and preprocessing images
+datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255, validation_split=0.15)
+
+train_data = datagen.flow_from_directory(
+    TRAIN_PATH,
+    target_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
+    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
+    class_mode='binary',
+    subset='training'  # Set as training data
+)
+
+val_data = datagen.flow_from_directory(
+    TRAIN_PATH,
+    target_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
+    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
+    class_mode='binary',
+    subset='validation'  # Set as validation data
+)
+
+** CNN Model Setup (Transfer Learning)**
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow.keras.applications import ResNet50
+from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, GlobalAveragePooling2D, Dropout
+from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
+
+# Define the input shape
+input_shape = (224, 224, 3)
+
+# Load ResNet50 with input shape and without the top layer
+base_model = ResNet50(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=input_shape)
+
+# Freeze the layers in the base model
+base_model.trainable = False
+
+# Add custom layers on top
+x = base_model.output
+x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
+x = Dense(128, activation='relu')(x)
+x = Dropout(0.5)(x)
+predictions = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')(x)
+
+# Define the model
+model = Model(inputs=base_model.input, outputs=predictions)
+
+# Compile the model
+model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])
+
+# Model summary
+model.summary()
+
+**Training the Model**
+
+# Train the model
+history = model.fit(
+    train_data,
+    validation_data=val_data,
+    epochs=10,  # Adjust epochs as needed
+    verbose=1
+)
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# Plot the training and validation accuracy
+plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
+
+# Accuracy plot
+plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
+plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')
+plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label='Validation Accuracy')
+plt.title('Model Accuracy')
+plt.xlabel('Epoch')
+plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
+plt.legend(loc='lower right')
+plt.grid(True)
+
+# Loss plot
+plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
+plt.plot(history.history['loss'], label='Training Loss')
+plt.plot(history.history['val_loss'], label='Validation Loss')
+plt.title('Model Loss')
+plt.xlabel('Epoch')
+plt.ylabel('Loss')
+plt.legend(loc='upper right')
+plt.grid(True)
+
+# Show the plot
+plt.tight_layout()
+plt.show()
+
+**Explainable AI Integration (Grad-CAM)**
+
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
+from PIL import Image
+
+def make_gradcam_heatmap(img_array, model, last_conv_layer_name):
+    grad_model = Model(
+        inputs=[model.inputs],
+        outputs=[model.get_layer(last_conv_layer_name).output, model.output]
+    )
+    
+    # Record operations for automatic differentiation
+    with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
+        conv_outputs, predictions = grad_model(img_array)
+        loss = predictions[:, 0]  # Assuming binary classification (0 = Healthy, 1 = COVID-19)
+    
+    # Compute gradients
+    grads = tape.gradient(loss, conv_outputs)
+    pooled_grads = tf.reduce_mean(grads, axis=(0, 1, 2))
+
+    conv_outputs = conv_outputs[0]
+    heatmap = tf.reduce_mean(tf.multiply(pooled_grads, conv_outputs), axis=-1)
+    heatmap = np.maximum(heatmap, 0) / np.max(heatmap)  # Normalize between 0 and 1
+    return heatmap
+
+def display_gradcam(img_path, heatmap, alpha=0.4):
+    img = Image.open(img_path)
+    img = img.resize((224, 224))  # Resize the image to match model input size
+
+    heatmap = np.uint8(255 * heatmap)  # Convert heatmap to 0-255 scale
+    heatmap = Image.fromarray(heatmap).resize((img.size), Image.ANTIALIAS)
+    heatmap = np.array(heatmap)
+
+    # Create figure to plot the image and heatmap
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 5))
+    ax[0].imshow(img)
+    ax[1].imshow(img)
+    ax[1].imshow(heatmap, cmap='jet', alpha=alpha)  # Overlay the heatmap
+    plt.show()
+
+# Load and preprocess the image
+def preprocess_image(image_path):
+    img = Image.open(image_path)
+    img = img.resize((224, 224))  # Resize to match the input shape of the model
+    img = np.array(img) / 255.0   # Normalize pixel values between 0 and 1
+    img = np.expand_dims(img, axis=0)  # Add batch dimension
+    return img
+
+# Path to the image
+img_path = 'Covid_19 Image Data/1/COVID-19 (10).jpg'
+
+# Preprocess the image
+img_array = preprocess_image(img_path)
+
+# Get the heatmap
+heatmap = make_gradcam_heatmap(img_array, model, 'conv5_block3_out')  # Replace with your last conv layer's name
+
+# Display the original image with the Grad-CAM heatmap overlay
+display_gradcam(img_path, heatmap)
+
+**Evaluation**
+
+# Evaluate model on validation data
+test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(val_data, verbose=2)
+print(f'Test Accuracy: {test_acc:.2f}')
+
+**Gradio User Interface**
+
+!pip install gradio
+
+import gradio as gr
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import cv2  # For color mapping the heatmap
+
+# Define the Grad-CAM function
+def make_gradcam_heatmap(img_array, model, last_conv_layer_name):
+    grad_model = Model([model.inputs], [model.get_layer(last_conv_layer_name).output, model.output])
+    with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
+        conv_outputs, predictions = grad_model(img_array)
+        loss = predictions[:, 0]  # For binary classification
+    grads = tape.gradient(loss, conv_outputs)
+    pooled_grads = tf.reduce_mean(grads, axis=(0, 1, 2))
+    conv_outputs = conv_outputs[0]
+    heatmap = tf.reduce_mean(tf.multiply(pooled_grads, conv_outputs), axis=-1)
+    heatmap = np.maximum(heatmap, 0)  # ReLU activation to make it non-negative
+    heatmap = heatmap / np.max(heatmap)  # Normalize between 0 and 1
+    return heatmap
+
+# Function to overlay the heatmap on the original image
+def apply_heatmap_to_image(img, heatmap):
+    # Resize heatmap to match image size
+    heatmap = cv2.resize(heatmap, (img.size[0], img.size[1]))
+
+    # Convert heatmap to RGB (apply 'jet' colormap)
+    heatmap_colored = cv2.applyColorMap(np.uint8(255 * heatmap), cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
+    
+    # Convert to RGB mode (since OpenCV uses BGR)
+    heatmap_colored = cv2.cvtColor(heatmap_colored, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
+    
+    # Overlay the heatmap on the original image
+    overlay = np.array(img) * 0.6 + heatmap_colored * 0.4
+    overlay = np.clip(overlay, 0, 255).astype('uint8')
+    return Image.fromarray(overlay)
+
+# Define the prediction and explainability function
+def predict_and_explain(img):
+    img = Image.fromarray(img).resize((224, 224))  # Resize image for the model
+    img_array = np.array(img) / 255.0   # Normalize pixel values
+    img_array = np.expand_dims(img_array, axis=0)  # Add batch dimension
+
+    # Get the prediction
+    prediction = model.predict(img_array)
+    confidence = float(prediction[0][0])
+    result = "COVID-19 Positive" if confidence > 0.5 else "Healthy"
+
+    # Generate the Grad-CAM heatmap
+    last_conv_layer_name = 'conv5_block3_out'  # Update with the actual last convolution layer name
+    heatmap = make_gradcam_heatmap(img_array, model, last_conv_layer_name)
+    
+    # Apply heatmap on the image
+    heatmap_img = apply_heatmap_to_image(img, heatmap)
+    
+    # Display confidence and heatmap
+    confidence_text = f"Confidence: {confidence:.2f}"
+    return result, confidence_text, heatmap_img
+
+# Gradio interface
+def create_interface():
+    gr_interface = gr.Interface(
+        fn=predict_and_explain,
+        inputs=gr.Image(type="numpy"),
+        outputs=[gr.Textbox(label="Prediction"), gr.Textbox(label="Confidence"), gr.Image(label="Heatmap")],
+        title="COVID-19 X-ray Classification with Explainability",
+        description="Upload an X-ray image to predict if the patient has COVID-19, see the confidence score, and view the Grad-CAM heatmap."
+    )
+    return gr_interface
+
+# Launch the interface
+gr_interface = create_interface()
+gr_interface.launch()
+