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a1e153e
Fix formatting warnings
Browse files- docs/api-advanced.md +2 -1
- docs/api.md +1 -1
- docs/examples.md +21 -7
- docs/generate_papers.py +1 -0
- docs/options.md +27 -8
docs/api-advanced.md
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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
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# Internal Reference
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## Julia Interface
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::: pysr.julia_helpers
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options:
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members:
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options:
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members:
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- sympy2torch
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-
heading_level: 3
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# Internal Reference
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## Julia Interface
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+
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::: pysr.julia_helpers
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options:
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members:
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options:
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members:
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- sympy2torch
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+
heading_level: 3
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docs/api.md
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@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@
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- latex_table
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- refresh
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show_root_members_full_path: true
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-
heading_level: 2
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- latex_table
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- refresh
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show_root_members_full_path: true
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heading_level: 2
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docs/examples.md
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# Toy Examples with Code
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-
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```python
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import numpy as np
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from pysr import *
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```
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-
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## 1. Simple search
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-
Here's a simple example where we
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find the expression `2 cos(x3) + x0^2 - 2`.
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```python
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Here, we do the same thing, but with multiple expressions at once,
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each requiring a different feature.
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```python
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X = 2 * np.random.randn(100, 5)
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y = 1 / X[:, [0, 1, 2]]
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model.set_params(extra_sympy_mappings={"inv": lambda x: 1/x})
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model.sympy()
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```
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If you look at the lists of expressions before and after, you will
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see that the sympy format now has replaced `inv` with `1/`.
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We can again look at the equation chosen:
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```python
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print(model)
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```
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For now, let's consider the expressions for output 0.
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We can see the LaTeX version of this with:
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```python
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model.latex()[0]
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```
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or output 1 with `model.latex()[1]`.
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Let's plot the prediction against the truth:
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```python
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from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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plt.scatter(y[:, 0], model(X)[:, 0])
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plt.ylabel('Prediction')
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plt.show()
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```
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Which gives us:
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![](
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## 5. Feature selection
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Here is an example. Let's say we have 30 input features and 300 data points, but only 2
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of those features are actually used:
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```python
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X = np.random.randn(300, 30)
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y = X[:, 3]**2 - X[:, 19]**2 + 1.5
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```
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Let's create a model with the feature selection argument set up:
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(
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binary_operators=["+", "-", "*", "/"],
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select_k_features=5,
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)
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```
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Now let's fit this:
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```python
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model.fit(X, y)
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```
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Before the Julia backend is launched, you can see the string:
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-
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Using features ['x3', 'x5', 'x7', 'x19', 'x21']
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```
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which indicates that the feature selection (powered by a gradient-boosting tree)
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has successfully selected the relevant two features.
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to the input dataset, and predict new targets (which are assumed to be denoised) from that Gaussian process.
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For example:
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```python
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X = np.random.randn(100, 5)
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noise = np.random.randn(100) * 0.1
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```
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Let's create and fit a model with the denoising argument set up:
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(
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binary_operators=["+", "-", "*", "/"],
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model.fit(X, y)
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print(model)
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```
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If all goes well, you should find that it predicts the correct input equation, without the noise term!
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## 7. Additional features
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For the many other features available in PySR, please
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-
read the [Options section](options.md).
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# Toy Examples with Code
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+
## Preamble
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```python
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import numpy as np
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from pysr import *
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```
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## 1. Simple search
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+
Here's a simple example where we
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find the expression `2 cos(x3) + x0^2 - 2`.
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```python
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Here, we do the same thing, but with multiple expressions at once,
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each requiring a different feature.
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+
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```python
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X = 2 * np.random.randn(100, 5)
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y = 1 / X[:, [0, 1, 2]]
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model.set_params(extra_sympy_mappings={"inv": lambda x: 1/x})
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model.sympy()
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```
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+
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If you look at the lists of expressions before and after, you will
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see that the sympy format now has replaced `inv` with `1/`.
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We can again look at the equation chosen:
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+
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```python
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print(model)
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```
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For now, let's consider the expressions for output 0.
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We can see the LaTeX version of this with:
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+
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```python
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model.latex()[0]
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```
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+
or output 1 with `model.latex()[1]`.
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Let's plot the prediction against the truth:
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+
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```python
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from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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plt.scatter(y[:, 0], model(X)[:, 0])
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plt.ylabel('Prediction')
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plt.show()
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```
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+
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Which gives us:
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+
![Truth vs Prediction](images/example_plot.png)
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## 5. Feature selection
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Here is an example. Let's say we have 30 input features and 300 data points, but only 2
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of those features are actually used:
|
112 |
+
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```python
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X = np.random.randn(300, 30)
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y = X[:, 3]**2 - X[:, 19]**2 + 1.5
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```
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|
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Let's create a model with the feature selection argument set up:
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+
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(
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binary_operators=["+", "-", "*", "/"],
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select_k_features=5,
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)
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```
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+
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Now let's fit this:
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+
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```python
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model.fit(X, y)
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```
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Before the Julia backend is launched, you can see the string:
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+
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+
```text
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Using features ['x3', 'x5', 'x7', 'x19', 'x21']
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```
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+
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which indicates that the feature selection (powered by a gradient-boosting tree)
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has successfully selected the relevant two features.
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|
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to the input dataset, and predict new targets (which are assumed to be denoised) from that Gaussian process.
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|
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For example:
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+
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```python
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X = np.random.randn(100, 5)
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noise = np.random.randn(100) * 0.1
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```
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Let's create and fit a model with the denoising argument set up:
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+
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(
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binary_operators=["+", "-", "*", "/"],
|
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model.fit(X, y)
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print(model)
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```
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+
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If all goes well, you should find that it predicts the correct input equation, without the noise term!
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|
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## 7. Additional features
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For the many other features available in PySR, please
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+
read the [Options section](options.md).
|
docs/generate_papers.py
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import yaml
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from pathlib import Path
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"""This script generates the papers.md file from the papers.yml file."""
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import yaml
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from pathlib import Path
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docs/options.md
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## Operators
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-
A list of operators can be found on the operators page.
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One can define custom operators in Julia by passing a string:
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```python
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PySRRegressor(niterations=100,
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binary_operators=["mult", "plus", "special(x, y) = x^2 + y"],
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Here, we assign weights to each row of data
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using inverse uncertainty squared. We also use 10 processes for the search
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instead of the default.
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```python
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sigma = ...
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weights = 1/sigma**2
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PySR to start simple, by using the `warmupMaxsize` argument.
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This specifies that maxsize increases every `warmupMaxsize`.
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-
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## Batching
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One can turn on mini-batching, with the `batching` flag,
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and control the batch size with `batch_size`. This will make
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evolution faster for large datasets. Equations are still evaluated
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@@ -151,11 +153,11 @@ There is a "maxsize" parameter to PySR, but there is also an operator-level
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constraints={'pow': (-1, 1), 'mult': (3, 3), 'cos': 5}
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```
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-
What this says is that: a power law x^y can have an expression of arbitrary (-1) complexity in the x, but only complexity 1 (e.g., a constant or variable) in the y. So (
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I find this helps a lot for getting more interpretable equations.
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The other terms say that each multiplication can only have sub-expressions
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-
of up to complexity 3 (e.g., 5.0 +
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-
expressions of complexity 5 (e.g., 5.0 +
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## Custom complexity
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if you called `.fit` on a pandas dataframe as well.
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There are also some helper functions for doing this quickly.
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- `model.latex()` will generate a TeX formatted output of your equation.
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- `model.sympy()` will return the SymPy representation.
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- `model.jax()` will return a callable JAX function combined with parameters (see below)
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- `model.pytorch()` will return a PyTorch model (see below).
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-
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## Exporting to numpy, pytorch, and jax
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By default, the dataframe of equations will contain columns
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over `X` (as a PyTorch tensor). This is differentiable, and the
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parameters of this PyTorch module correspond to the learned parameters
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in the equation, and are trainable.
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```python
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torch_model = model.pytorch()
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torch_model(X)
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```
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**Warning: If you are using custom operators, you must define `extra_torch_mappings` or `extra_jax_mappings` (both are `dict` of callables) to provide an equivalent definition of the functions.** (At any time you can set these parameters or any others with `model.set_params`.)
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For JAX, you can equivalently call `model.jax()`
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This will return a dictionary containing a `'callable'` (a JAX function),
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and `'parameters'` (a list of parameters in the equation).
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You can execute this function with:
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```python
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jax_model = model.jax()
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jax_model['callable'](X, jax_model['parameters'])
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```
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-
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train the parameters within JAX (and is differentiable).
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## `loss`
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Here are some additional examples:
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abs(x-y) loss
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```python
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="f(x, y) = abs(x - y)^1.5")
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```
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Note that the function name doesn't matter:
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```python
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="loss(x, y) = abs(x * y)")
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```
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With weights:
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(..., loss="myloss(x, y, w) = w * abs(x - y)")
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
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```
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Weights can be used in arbitrary ways:
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(..., weights=weights, loss="myloss(x, y, w) = abs(x - y)^2/w^2")
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
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```
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Built-in loss (faster) (see [losses](https://astroautomata.com/SymbolicRegression.jl/dev/losses/)).
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This one computes the L3 norm:
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```python
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="LPDistLoss{3}()")
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```
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Can also uses these losses for weighted (weighted-average):
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(..., weights=weights, loss="LPDistLoss{3}()")
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
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and again after the search finishes. The filename will
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have the same base name as the input file, but with a `.pkl` extension.
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You can load the saved model state with:
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor.from_file(pickle_filename)
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```
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If you have a long-running job and would like to load the model
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before completion, you can also do this. In this case, the model
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loading will use the `csv` file to load the equations, since the
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`csv` file is continually updated during the search. Once
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the search completes, the model including its equations will
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-
be saved to the pickle file, overwriting the existing version.
|
|
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|
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## Operators
|
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|
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+
A list of operators can be found on the [operators page](operators.md).
|
47 |
One can define custom operators in Julia by passing a string:
|
48 |
+
|
49 |
```python
|
50 |
PySRRegressor(niterations=100,
|
51 |
binary_operators=["mult", "plus", "special(x, y) = x^2 + y"],
|
|
|
108 |
Here, we assign weights to each row of data
|
109 |
using inverse uncertainty squared. We also use 10 processes for the search
|
110 |
instead of the default.
|
111 |
+
|
112 |
```python
|
113 |
sigma = ...
|
114 |
weights = 1/sigma**2
|
|
|
128 |
PySR to start simple, by using the `warmupMaxsize` argument.
|
129 |
This specifies that maxsize increases every `warmupMaxsize`.
|
130 |
|
|
|
131 |
## Batching
|
132 |
+
|
133 |
One can turn on mini-batching, with the `batching` flag,
|
134 |
and control the batch size with `batch_size`. This will make
|
135 |
evolution faster for large datasets. Equations are still evaluated
|
|
|
153 |
constraints={'pow': (-1, 1), 'mult': (3, 3), 'cos': 5}
|
154 |
```
|
155 |
|
156 |
+
What this says is that: a power law $x^y$ can have an expression of arbitrary (-1) complexity in the x, but only complexity 1 (e.g., a constant or variable) in the y. So $(x_0 + 3)^{5.5}$ is allowed, but $5.5^{x_0 + 3}$ is not.
|
157 |
I find this helps a lot for getting more interpretable equations.
|
158 |
The other terms say that each multiplication can only have sub-expressions
|
159 |
+
of up to complexity 3 (e.g., $5.0 + x_2$) in each side, and cosine can only operate on
|
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+
expressions of complexity 5 (e.g., $5.0 + x_2 exp(x_3)$).
|
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|
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## Custom complexity
|
163 |
|
|
|
184 |
if you called `.fit` on a pandas dataframe as well.
|
185 |
|
186 |
There are also some helper functions for doing this quickly.
|
187 |
+
|
188 |
- `model.latex()` will generate a TeX formatted output of your equation.
|
189 |
- `model.sympy()` will return the SymPy representation.
|
190 |
- `model.jax()` will return a callable JAX function combined with parameters (see below)
|
191 |
- `model.pytorch()` will return a PyTorch model (see below).
|
192 |
|
|
|
193 |
## Exporting to numpy, pytorch, and jax
|
194 |
|
195 |
By default, the dataframe of equations will contain columns
|
|
|
216 |
over `X` (as a PyTorch tensor). This is differentiable, and the
|
217 |
parameters of this PyTorch module correspond to the learned parameters
|
218 |
in the equation, and are trainable.
|
219 |
+
|
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```python
|
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torch_model = model.pytorch()
|
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torch_model(X)
|
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```
|
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+
|
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**Warning: If you are using custom operators, you must define `extra_torch_mappings` or `extra_jax_mappings` (both are `dict` of callables) to provide an equivalent definition of the functions.** (At any time you can set these parameters or any others with `model.set_params`.)
|
226 |
|
227 |
For JAX, you can equivalently call `model.jax()`
|
228 |
This will return a dictionary containing a `'callable'` (a JAX function),
|
229 |
and `'parameters'` (a list of parameters in the equation).
|
230 |
You can execute this function with:
|
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+
|
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```python
|
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jax_model = model.jax()
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jax_model['callable'](X, jax_model['parameters'])
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```
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+
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+
Since the parameter list is a jax array, this therefore lets you also
|
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train the parameters within JAX (and is differentiable).
|
239 |
|
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## `loss`
|
|
|
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Here are some additional examples:
|
250 |
|
251 |
abs(x-y) loss
|
252 |
+
|
253 |
```python
|
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="f(x, y) = abs(x - y)^1.5")
|
255 |
```
|
256 |
+
|
257 |
Note that the function name doesn't matter:
|
258 |
+
|
259 |
```python
|
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="loss(x, y) = abs(x * y)")
|
261 |
```
|
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+
|
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With weights:
|
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+
|
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```python
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model = PySRRegressor(..., loss="myloss(x, y, w) = w * abs(x - y)")
|
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
|
268 |
```
|
269 |
+
|
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Weights can be used in arbitrary ways:
|
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+
|
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```python
|
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model = PySRRegressor(..., weights=weights, loss="myloss(x, y, w) = abs(x - y)^2/w^2")
|
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
|
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```
|
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+
|
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Built-in loss (faster) (see [losses](https://astroautomata.com/SymbolicRegression.jl/dev/losses/)).
|
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This one computes the L3 norm:
|
279 |
+
|
280 |
```python
|
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PySRRegressor(..., loss="LPDistLoss{3}()")
|
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```
|
283 |
+
|
284 |
Can also uses these losses for weighted (weighted-average):
|
285 |
+
|
286 |
```python
|
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model = PySRRegressor(..., weights=weights, loss="LPDistLoss{3}()")
|
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model.fit(..., weights=weights)
|
|
|
295 |
and again after the search finishes. The filename will
|
296 |
have the same base name as the input file, but with a `.pkl` extension.
|
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You can load the saved model state with:
|
298 |
+
|
299 |
```python
|
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model = PySRRegressor.from_file(pickle_filename)
|
301 |
```
|
302 |
+
|
303 |
If you have a long-running job and would like to load the model
|
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before completion, you can also do this. In this case, the model
|
305 |
loading will use the `csv` file to load the equations, since the
|
306 |
`csv` file is continually updated during the search. Once
|
307 |
the search completes, the model including its equations will
|
308 |
+
be saved to the pickle file, overwriting the existing version.
|