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LICENSE.md

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+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
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+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
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+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

README.md

@@ -1,13 +1,329 @@
----
-title: Yolov9 Void Detection Finest Model
-emoji: 📈
-colorFrom: yellow
-colorTo: green
-sdk: gradio
-sdk_version: 4.31.5
-app_file: app.py
-pinned: false
-license: apache-2.0
----
-
-Check out the configuration reference at https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-config-reference
+# YOLOv9
+
+Implementation of paper - [YOLOv9: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Information](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.13616)
+
+[![arxiv.org](http://img.shields.io/badge/cs.CV-arXiv%3A2402.13616-B31B1B.svg)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.13616)
+[![Hugging Face Spaces](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/kadirnar/Yolov9)
+[![Hugging Face Spaces](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/merve/yolov9)
+[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/train-yolov9-object-detection-on-custom-dataset.ipynb)
+[![OpenCV](https://img.shields.io/badge/OpenCV-BlogPost-black?logo=opencv&labelColor=blue&color=black)](https://learnopencv.com/yolov9-advancing-the-yolo-legacy/)
+
+<div align="center">
+    <a href="./">
+        <img src="./figure/performance.png" width="79%"/>
+    </a>
+</div>
+
+
+## Performance 
+
+MS COCO
+
+| Model | Test Size | AP<sup>val</sup> | AP<sub>50</sub><sup>val</sup> | AP<sub>75</sub><sup>val</sup> | Param. | FLOPs |
+| :-- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
+| [**YOLOv9-T**]() | 640 | **38.3%** | **53.1%** | **41.3%** | **2.0M** | **7.7G** |
+| [**YOLOv9-S**]() | 640 | **46.8%** | **63.4%** | **50.7%** | **7.1M** | **26.4G** |
+| [**YOLOv9-M**]() | 640 | **51.4%** | **68.1%** | **56.1%** | **20.0M** | **76.3G** |
+| [**YOLOv9-C**](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-c-converted.pt) | 640 | **53.0%** | **70.2%** | **57.8%** | **25.3M** | **102.1G** |
+| [**YOLOv9-E**](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-e-converted.pt) | 640 | **55.6%** | **72.8%** | **60.6%** | **57.3M** | **189.0G** |
+<!-- | [**YOLOv9 (ReLU)**]() | 640 | **51.9%** | **69.1%** | **56.5%** | **25.3M** | **102.1G** | -->
+
+<!-- tiny, small, and medium models will be released after the paper be accepted and published. -->
+
+## Useful Links
+
+<details><summary> <b>Expand</b> </summary>
+
+Custom training: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/30#issuecomment-1960955297
+    
+ONNX export: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/2#issuecomment-1960519506 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/40#issue-2150697688 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/130#issue-2162045461
+
+ONNX export for segmentation: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/260#issue-2191162150
+
+TensorRT inference: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/143#issuecomment-1975049660 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/34#issue-2150393690 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/79#issue-2153547004 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/143#issue-2164002309
+
+QAT TensorRT: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/327#issue-2229284136 https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/253#issue-2189520073
+
+TFLite: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/374#issuecomment-2065751706
+
+OpenVINO: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/164#issue-2168540003
+
+C# ONNX inference: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/95#issue-2155974619
+
+C# OpenVINO inference: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/95#issuecomment-1968131244
+
+OpenCV: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/113#issuecomment-1971327672
+
+Hugging Face demo: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/45#issuecomment-1961496943
+
+CoLab demo: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/pull/18
+
+ONNXSlim export: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/pull/37
+
+YOLOv9 ROS: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/144#issue-2164210644
+
+YOLOv9 ROS TensorRT: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/145#issue-2164218595
+
+YOLOv9 Julia: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/141#issuecomment-1973710107
+
+YOLOv9 MLX: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/258#issue-2190586540
+
+YOLOv9 StrongSORT with OSNet: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/299#issue-2212093340
+
+YOLOv9 ByteTrack: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/78#issue-2153512879
+
+YOLOv9 DeepSORT: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/98#issue-2156172319
+
+YOLOv9 counting: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/84#issue-2153904804
+
+YOLOv9 face detection: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/121#issue-2160218766
+
+YOLOv9 segmentation onnxruntime: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/151#issue-2165667350
+
+Comet logging: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/pull/110
+
+MLflow logging: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/pull/87
+
+AnyLabeling tool: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/48#issue-2152139662
+
+AX650N deploy: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/96#issue-2156115760
+
+Conda environment: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/pull/93
+
+AutoDL docker environment: https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/issues/112#issue-2158203480
+
+</details>
+
+
+## Installation
+
+Docker environment (recommended)
+<details><summary> <b>Expand</b> </summary>
+
+``` shell
+# create the docker container, you can change the share memory size if you have more.
+nvidia-docker run --name yolov9 -it -v your_coco_path/:/coco/ -v your_code_path/:/yolov9 --shm-size=64g nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:21.11-py3
+
+# apt install required packages
+apt update
+apt install -y zip htop screen libgl1-mesa-glx
+
+# pip install required packages
+pip install seaborn thop
+
+# go to code folder
+cd /yolov9
+```
+
+</details>
+
+
+## Evaluation
+
+[`yolov9-c-converted.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-c-converted.pt) [`yolov9-e-converted.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-e-converted.pt) [`yolov9-c.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-c.pt) [`yolov9-e.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/yolov9-e.pt) [`gelan-c.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c.pt) [`gelan-e.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-e.pt)
+
+``` shell
+# evaluate converted yolov9 models
+python val.py --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --batch 32 --conf 0.001 --iou 0.7 --device 0 --weights './yolov9-c-converted.pt' --save-json --name yolov9_c_c_640_val
+
+# evaluate yolov9 models
+# python val_dual.py --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --batch 32 --conf 0.001 --iou 0.7 --device 0 --weights './yolov9-c.pt' --save-json --name yolov9_c_640_val
+
+# evaluate gelan models
+# python val.py --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --batch 32 --conf 0.001 --iou 0.7 --device 0 --weights './gelan-c.pt' --save-json --name gelan_c_640_val
+```
+
+You will get the results:
+
+```
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.530
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.702
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.578
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.362
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.585
+ Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.693
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.392
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.652
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.702
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.541
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.760
+ Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.844
+```
+
+
+## Training
+
+Data preparation
+
+``` shell
+bash scripts/get_coco.sh
+```
+
+* Download MS COCO dataset images ([train](http://images.cocodataset.org/zips/train2017.zip), [val](http://images.cocodataset.org/zips/val2017.zip), [test](http://images.cocodataset.org/zips/test2017.zip)) and [labels](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov7/releases/download/v0.1/coco2017labels-segments.zip). If you have previously used a different version of YOLO, we strongly recommend that you delete `train2017.cache` and `val2017.cache` files, and redownload [labels](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov7/releases/download/v0.1/coco2017labels-segments.zip) 
+
+Single GPU training
+
+``` shell
+# train yolov9 models
+python train_dual.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 16 --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/detect/yolov9-c.yaml --weights '' --name yolov9-c --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --min-items 0 --epochs 500 --close-mosaic 15
+
+# train gelan models
+# python train.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 32 --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/detect/gelan-c.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --min-items 0 --epochs 500 --close-mosaic 15
+```
+
+Multiple GPU training
+
+``` shell
+# train yolov9 models
+python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node 8 --master_port 9527 train_dual.py --workers 8 --device 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 --sync-bn --batch 128 --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/detect/yolov9-c.yaml --weights '' --name yolov9-c --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --min-items 0 --epochs 500 --close-mosaic 15
+
+# train gelan models
+# python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node 4 --master_port 9527 train.py --workers 8 --device 0,1,2,3 --sync-bn --batch 128 --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/detect/gelan-c.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --min-items 0 --epochs 500 --close-mosaic 15
+```
+
+
+## Re-parameterization
+
+See [reparameterization.ipynb](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/blob/main/tools/reparameterization.ipynb).
+
+
+## Inference
+
+<div align="center">
+    <a href="./">
+        <img src="./figure/horses_prediction.jpg" width="49%"/>
+    </a>
+</div>
+
+``` shell
+# inference converted yolov9 models
+python detect.py --source './data/images/horses.jpg' --img 640 --device 0 --weights './yolov9-c-converted.pt' --name yolov9_c_c_640_detect
+
+# inference yolov9 models
+# python detect_dual.py --source './data/images/horses.jpg' --img 640 --device 0 --weights './yolov9-c.pt' --name yolov9_c_640_detect
+
+# inference gelan models
+# python detect.py --source './data/images/horses.jpg' --img 640 --device 0 --weights './gelan-c.pt' --name gelan_c_c_640_detect
+```
+
+
+## Citation
+
+```
+@article{wang2024yolov9,
+  title={{YOLOv9}: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Information},
+  author={Wang, Chien-Yao  and Liao, Hong-Yuan Mark},
+  booktitle={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13616},
+  year={2024}
+}
+```
+
+```
+@article{chang2023yolor,
+  title={{YOLOR}-Based Multi-Task Learning},
+  author={Chang, Hung-Shuo and Wang, Chien-Yao and Wang, Richard Robert and Chou, Gene and Liao, Hong-Yuan Mark},
+  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16921},
+  year={2023}
+}
+```
+
+
+## Teaser
+
+Parts of code of [YOLOR-Based Multi-Task Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16921) are released in the repository.
+
+<div align="center">
+    <a href="./">
+        <img src="./figure/multitask.png" width="99%"/>
+    </a>
+</div>
+
+#### Object Detection
+
+[`gelan-c-det.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-det.pt)
+
+`object detection`
+
+``` shell
+# coco/labels/{split}/*.txt
+# bbox or polygon (1 instance 1 line)
+python train.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 32 --data data/coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/detect/gelan-c.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c-det --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --min-items 0 --epochs 300 --close-mosaic 10
+```
+
+| Model | Test Size | Param. | FLOPs | AP<sup>box</sup> |
+| :-- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
+| [**GELAN-C-DET**](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-det.pt) | 640 | 25.3M | 102.1G |**52.3%** |
+| [**YOLOv9-C-DET**]() | 640 | 25.3M | 102.1G | **53.0%** |
+
+#### Instance Segmentation
+
+[`gelan-c-seg.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-seg.pt)
+
+`object detection` `instance segmentation`
+
+``` shell
+# coco/labels/{split}/*.txt
+# polygon (1 instance 1 line)
+python segment/train.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 32  --data coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/segment/gelan-c-seg.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c-seg --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --no-overlap --epochs 300 --close-mosaic 10
+```
+
+| Model | Test Size | Param. | FLOPs | AP<sup>box</sup> | AP<sup>mask</sup>  |
+| :-- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
+| [**GELAN-C-SEG**](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-seg.pt) | 640 | 27.4M | 144.6G | **52.3%** | **42.4%** |
+| [**YOLOv9-C-SEG**]() | 640 | 27.4M | 145.5G | **53.3%** | **43.5%** |
+
+#### Panoptic Segmentation
+
+[`gelan-c-pan.pt`](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-pan.pt)
+
+`object detection` `instance segmentation` `semantic segmentation` `stuff segmentation` `panoptic segmentation`
+
+``` shell
+# coco/labels/{split}/*.txt
+# polygon (1 instance 1 line)
+# coco/stuff/{split}/*.txt
+# polygon (1 semantic 1 line)
+python panoptic/train.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 32  --data coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/panoptic/gelan-c-pan.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c-pan --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --no-overlap --epochs 300 --close-mosaic 10
+```
+
+| Model | Test Size | Param. | FLOPs | AP<sup>box</sup> | AP<sup>mask</sup>  | mIoU<sub>164k/10k</sub><sup>semantic</sup> | mIoU<sup>stuff</sup> | PQ<sup>panoptic</sup> |
+| :-- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
+| [**GELAN-C-PAN**](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9/releases/download/v0.1/gelan-c-pan.pt) | 640 | 27.6M | 146.7G | **52.6%** | **42.5%** | **39.0%/48.3%** | **52.7%** | **39.4%** |
+| [**YOLOv9-C-PAN**]() | 640 | 28.8M | 187.0G | **52.7%** | **43.0%** | **39.8%/-** | **52.2%** | **40.5%** |
+
+#### Image Captioning (not yet released)
+
+<!--[`gelan-c-cap.pt`]()-->
+
+`object detection` `instance segmentation` `semantic segmentation` `stuff segmentation` `panoptic segmentation` `image captioning`
+
+``` shell
+# coco/labels/{split}/*.txt
+# polygon (1 instance 1 line)
+# coco/stuff/{split}/*.txt
+# polygon (1 semantic 1 line)
+# coco/annotations/*.json
+# json (1 split 1 file)
+python caption/train.py --workers 8 --device 0 --batch 32  --data coco.yaml --img 640 --cfg models/caption/gelan-c-cap.yaml --weights '' --name gelan-c-cap --hyp hyp.scratch-high.yaml --no-overlap --epochs 300 --close-mosaic 10
+```
+
+| Model | Test Size | Param. | FLOPs |  AP<sup>box</sup> | AP<sup>mask</sup>  | mIoU<sub>164k/10k</sub><sup>semantic</sup>  | mIoU<sup>stuff</sup> | PQ<sup>panoptic</sup> | BLEU@4<sup>caption</sup> | CIDEr<sup>caption</sup> |
+| :-- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
+| [**GELAN-C-CAP**]() | 640 | 47.5M | - | **51.9%** | **42.6%** | **42.5%/-** | **56.5%** | **41.7%** | **38.8** | **122.3** |
+| [**YOLOv9-C-CAP**]() | 640 | 47.5M | - | **52.1%** | **42.6%** | **43.0%/-** | **56.4%** | **42.1%** | **39.1** | **122.0** |
+<!--| [**YOLOR-MT**]() | 640 | 79.3M | - | **51.0%** | **41.7%** | **-/49.6%** | **55.9%** | **40.5%** | **35.7** | **112.7** |-->
+
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+<details><summary> <b>Expand</b> </summary>
+
+* [https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet](https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet)
+* [https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolor](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolor)
+* [https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov7](https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov7)
+* [https://github.com/VDIGPKU/DynamicDet](https://github.com/VDIGPKU/DynamicDet)
+* [https://github.com/DingXiaoH/RepVGG](https://github.com/DingXiaoH/RepVGG)
+* [https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5](https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5)
+* [https://github.com/meituan/YOLOv6](https://github.com/meituan/YOLOv6)
+
+</details>

demo_file.mp4

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2352e7a5e3efa532cf4d6208c82449c0bcdb7360f619dbd6a1cadc64df0167a4
+size 1720613

detect.py

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+import argparse
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[0]  # YOLO root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative
+
+from models.common import DetectMultiBackend
+from utils.dataloaders import IMG_FORMATS, VID_FORMATS, LoadImages, LoadScreenshots, LoadStreams
+from utils.general import (LOGGER, Profile, check_file, check_img_size, check_imshow, check_requirements, colorstr, cv2,
+                           increment_path, non_max_suppression, print_args, scale_boxes, strip_optimizer, xyxy2xywh)
+from utils.plots import Annotator, colors, save_one_box
+from utils.torch_utils import select_device, smart_inference_mode
+
+
+@smart_inference_mode()
+def run(
+        weights=ROOT / 'yolo.pt',  # model path or triton URL
+        source=ROOT / 'data/images',  # file/dir/URL/glob/screen/0(webcam)
+        data=ROOT / 'data/coco.yaml',  # dataset.yaml path
+        imgsz=(640, 640),  # inference size (height, width)
+        conf_thres=0.25,  # confidence threshold
+        iou_thres=0.45,  # NMS IOU threshold
+        max_det=1000,  # maximum detections per image
+        device='',  # cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu
+        view_img=False,  # show results
+        save_txt=False,  # save results to *.txt
+        save_conf=False,  # save confidences in --save-txt labels
+        save_crop=False,  # save cropped prediction boxes
+        nosave=False,  # do not save images/videos
+        classes=None,  # filter by class: --class 0, or --class 0 2 3
+        agnostic_nms=False,  # class-agnostic NMS
+        augment=False,  # augmented inference
+        visualize=False,  # visualize features
+        update=False,  # update all models
+        project=ROOT / 'runs/detect',  # save results to project/name
+        name='exp',  # save results to project/name
+        exist_ok=False,  # existing project/name ok, do not increment
+        line_thickness=3,  # bounding box thickness (pixels)
+        hide_labels=False,  # hide labels
+        hide_conf=False,  # hide confidences
+        half=False,  # use FP16 half-precision inference
+        dnn=False,  # use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference
+        vid_stride=1,  # video frame-rate stride
+):
+    source = str(source)
+    save_img = not nosave and not source.endswith('.txt')  # save inference images
+    is_file = Path(source).suffix[1:] in (IMG_FORMATS + VID_FORMATS)
+    is_url = source.lower().startswith(('rtsp://', 'rtmp://', 'http://', 'https://'))
+    webcam = source.isnumeric() or source.endswith('.txt') or (is_url and not is_file)
+    screenshot = source.lower().startswith('screen')
+    if is_url and is_file:
+        source = check_file(source)  # download
+
+    # Directories
+    save_dir = increment_path(Path(project) / name, exist_ok=exist_ok)  # increment run
+    (save_dir / 'labels' if save_txt else save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)  # make dir
+
+    # Load model
+    device = select_device(device)
+    model = DetectMultiBackend(weights, device=device, dnn=dnn, data=data, fp16=half)
+    stride, names, pt = model.stride, model.names, model.pt
+    imgsz = check_img_size(imgsz, s=stride)  # check image size
+
+    # Dataloader
+    bs = 1  # batch_size
+    if webcam:
+        view_img = check_imshow(warn=True)
+        dataset = LoadStreams(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt, vid_stride=vid_stride)
+        bs = len(dataset)
+    elif screenshot:
+        dataset = LoadScreenshots(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt)
+    else:
+        dataset = LoadImages(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt, vid_stride=vid_stride)
+    vid_path, vid_writer = [None] * bs, [None] * bs
+
+    # Run inference
+    model.warmup(imgsz=(1 if pt or model.triton else bs, 3, *imgsz))  # warmup
+    seen, windows, dt = 0, [], (Profile(), Profile(), Profile())
+    for path, im, im0s, vid_cap, s in dataset:
+        with dt[0]:
+            im = torch.from_numpy(im).to(model.device)
+            im = im.half() if model.fp16 else im.float()  # uint8 to fp16/32
+            im /= 255  # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
+            if len(im.shape) == 3:
+                im = im[None]  # expand for batch dim
+
+        # Inference
+        with dt[1]:
+            visualize = increment_path(save_dir / Path(path).stem, mkdir=True) if visualize else False
+            pred = model(im, augment=augment, visualize=visualize)
+
+        # NMS
+        with dt[2]:
+            pred = non_max_suppression(pred, conf_thres, iou_thres, classes, agnostic_nms, max_det=max_det)
+
+        # Second-stage classifier (optional)
+        # pred = utils.general.apply_classifier(pred, classifier_model, im, im0s)
+
+        # Process predictions
+        for i, det in enumerate(pred):  # per image
+            seen += 1
+            if webcam:  # batch_size >= 1
+                p, im0, frame = path[i], im0s[i].copy(), dataset.count
+                s += f'{i}: '
+            else:
+                p, im0, frame = path, im0s.copy(), getattr(dataset, 'frame', 0)
+
+            p = Path(p)  # to Path
+            save_path = str(save_dir / p.name)  # im.jpg
+            txt_path = str(save_dir / 'labels' / p.stem) + ('' if dataset.mode == 'image' else f'_{frame}')  # im.txt
+            s += '%gx%g ' % im.shape[2:]  # print string
+            gn = torch.tensor(im0.shape)[[1, 0, 1, 0]]  # normalization gain whwh
+            imc = im0.copy() if save_crop else im0  # for save_crop
+            annotator = Annotator(im0, line_width=line_thickness, example=str(names))
+            if len(det):
+                # Rescale boxes from img_size to im0 size
+                det[:, :4] = scale_boxes(im.shape[2:], det[:, :4], im0.shape).round()
+
+                # Print results
+                for c in det[:, 5].unique():
+                    n = (det[:, 5] == c).sum()  # detections per class
+                    s += f"{n} {names[int(c)]}{'s' * (n > 1)}, "  # add to string
+
+                # Write results
+                for *xyxy, conf, cls in reversed(det):
+                    if save_txt:  # Write to file
+                        xywh = (xyxy2xywh(torch.tensor(xyxy).view(1, 4)) / gn).view(-1).tolist()  # normalized xywh
+                        line = (cls, *xywh, conf) if save_conf else (cls, *xywh)  # label format
+                        with open(f'{txt_path}.txt', 'a') as f:
+                            f.write(('%g ' * len(line)).rstrip() % line + '\n')
+
+                    if save_img or save_crop or view_img:  # Add bbox to image
+                        c = int(cls)  # integer class
+                        label = None if hide_labels else (names[c] if hide_conf else f'{names[c]} {conf:.2f}')
+                        annotator.box_label(xyxy, label, color=colors(c, True))
+                    if save_crop:
+                        save_one_box(xyxy, imc, file=save_dir / 'crops' / names[c] / f'{p.stem}.jpg', BGR=True)
+
+            # Stream results
+            im0 = annotator.result()
+            if view_img:
+                if platform.system() == 'Linux' and p not in windows:
+                    windows.append(p)
+                    cv2.namedWindow(str(p), cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL | cv2.WINDOW_KEEPRATIO)  # allow window resize (Linux)
+                    cv2.resizeWindow(str(p), im0.shape[1], im0.shape[0])
+                cv2.imshow(str(p), im0)
+                cv2.waitKey(1)  # 1 millisecond
+
+            # Save results (image with detections)
+            if save_img:
+                if dataset.mode == 'image':
+                    cv2.imwrite(save_path, im0)
+                else:  # 'video' or 'stream'
+                    if vid_path[i] != save_path:  # new video
+                        vid_path[i] = save_path
+                        if isinstance(vid_writer[i], cv2.VideoWriter):
+                            vid_writer[i].release()  # release previous video writer
+                        if vid_cap:  # video
+                            fps = vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
+                            w = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
+                            h = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
+                        else:  # stream
+                            fps, w, h = 30, im0.shape[1], im0.shape[0]
+                        save_path = str(Path(save_path).with_suffix('.mp4'))  # force *.mp4 suffix on results videos
+                        vid_writer[i] = cv2.VideoWriter(save_path, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v'), fps, (w, h))
+                    vid_writer[i].write(im0)
+
+        # Print time (inference-only)
+        LOGGER.info(f"{s}{'' if len(det) else '(no detections), '}{dt[1].dt * 1E3:.1f}ms")
+
+    # Print results
+    t = tuple(x.t / seen * 1E3 for x in dt)  # speeds per image
+    LOGGER.info(f'Speed: %.1fms pre-process, %.1fms inference, %.1fms NMS per image at shape {(1, 3, *imgsz)}' % t)
+    if save_txt or save_img:
+        s = f"\n{len(list(save_dir.glob('labels/*.txt')))} labels saved to {save_dir / 'labels'}" if save_txt else ''
+        LOGGER.info(f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}{s}")
+    if update:
+        strip_optimizer(weights[0])  # update model (to fix SourceChangeWarning)
+
+
+def parse_opt():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default=ROOT / 'yolo.pt', help='model path or triton URL')
+    parser.add_argument('--source', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/images', help='file/dir/URL/glob/screen/0(webcam)')
+    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/coco128.yaml', help='(optional) dataset.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640], help='inference size h,w')
+    parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.25, help='confidence threshold')
+    parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.45, help='NMS IoU threshold')
+    parser.add_argument('--max-det', type=int, default=1000, help='maximum detections per image')
+    parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
+    parser.add_argument('--view-img', action='store_true', help='show results')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-txt', action='store_true', help='save results to *.txt')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-conf', action='store_true', help='save confidences in --save-txt labels')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-crop', action='store_true', help='save cropped prediction boxes')
+    parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='do not save images/videos')
+    parser.add_argument('--classes', nargs='+', type=int, help='filter by class: --classes 0, or --classes 0 2 3')
+    parser.add_argument('--agnostic-nms', action='store_true', help='class-agnostic NMS')
+    parser.add_argument('--augment', action='store_true', help='augmented inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--visualize', action='store_true', help='visualize features')
+    parser.add_argument('--update', action='store_true', help='update all models')
+    parser.add_argument('--project', default=ROOT / 'runs/detect', help='save results to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save results to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
+    parser.add_argument('--line-thickness', default=3, type=int, help='bounding box thickness (pixels)')
+    parser.add_argument('--hide-labels', default=False, action='store_true', help='hide labels')
+    parser.add_argument('--hide-conf', default=False, action='store_true', help='hide confidences')
+    parser.add_argument('--half', action='store_true', help='use FP16 half-precision inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--dnn', action='store_true', help='use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--vid-stride', type=int, default=1, help='video frame-rate stride')
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+    opt.imgsz *= 2 if len(opt.imgsz) == 1 else 1  # expand
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+    return opt
+
+
+def main(opt):
+    # check_requirements(exclude=('tensorboard', 'thop'))
+    run(**vars(opt))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    opt = parse_opt()
+    main(opt)

detect_dual.py

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import argparse
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[0]  # YOLO root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative
+
+from models.common import DetectMultiBackend
+from utils.dataloaders import IMG_FORMATS, VID_FORMATS, LoadImages, LoadScreenshots, LoadStreams
+from utils.general import (LOGGER, Profile, check_file, check_img_size, check_imshow, check_requirements, colorstr, cv2,
+                           increment_path, non_max_suppression, print_args, scale_boxes, strip_optimizer, xyxy2xywh)
+from utils.plots import Annotator, colors, save_one_box
+from utils.torch_utils import select_device, smart_inference_mode
+
+
+@smart_inference_mode()
+def run(
+        weights=ROOT / 'yolo.pt',  # model path or triton URL
+        source=ROOT / 'data/images',  # file/dir/URL/glob/screen/0(webcam)
+        data=ROOT / 'data/coco.yaml',  # dataset.yaml path
+        imgsz=(640, 640),  # inference size (height, width)
+        conf_thres=0.25,  # confidence threshold
+        iou_thres=0.45,  # NMS IOU threshold
+        max_det=1000,  # maximum detections per image
+        device='',  # cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu
+        view_img=False,  # show results
+        save_txt=False,  # save results to *.txt
+        save_conf=False,  # save confidences in --save-txt labels
+        save_crop=False,  # save cropped prediction boxes
+        nosave=False,  # do not save images/videos
+        classes=None,  # filter by class: --class 0, or --class 0 2 3
+        agnostic_nms=False,  # class-agnostic NMS
+        augment=False,  # augmented inference
+        visualize=False,  # visualize features
+        update=False,  # update all models
+        project=ROOT / 'runs/detect',  # save results to project/name
+        name='exp',  # save results to project/name
+        exist_ok=False,  # existing project/name ok, do not increment
+        line_thickness=3,  # bounding box thickness (pixels)
+        hide_labels=False,  # hide labels
+        hide_conf=False,  # hide confidences
+        half=False,  # use FP16 half-precision inference
+        dnn=False,  # use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference
+        vid_stride=1,  # video frame-rate stride
+):
+    source = str(source)
+    save_img = not nosave and not source.endswith('.txt')  # save inference images
+    is_file = Path(source).suffix[1:] in (IMG_FORMATS + VID_FORMATS)
+    is_url = source.lower().startswith(('rtsp://', 'rtmp://', 'http://', 'https://'))
+    webcam = source.isnumeric() or source.endswith('.txt') or (is_url and not is_file)
+    screenshot = source.lower().startswith('screen')
+    if is_url and is_file:
+        source = check_file(source)  # download
+
+    # Directories
+    save_dir = increment_path(Path(project) / name, exist_ok=exist_ok)  # increment run
+    (save_dir / 'labels' if save_txt else save_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)  # make dir
+
+    # Load model
+    device = select_device(device)
+    model = DetectMultiBackend(weights, device=device, dnn=dnn, data=data, fp16=half)
+    stride, names, pt = model.stride, model.names, model.pt
+    imgsz = check_img_size(imgsz, s=stride)  # check image size
+
+    # Dataloader
+    bs = 1  # batch_size
+    if webcam:
+        view_img = check_imshow(warn=True)
+        dataset = LoadStreams(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt, vid_stride=vid_stride)
+        bs = len(dataset)
+    elif screenshot:
+        dataset = LoadScreenshots(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt)
+    else:
+        dataset = LoadImages(source, img_size=imgsz, stride=stride, auto=pt, vid_stride=vid_stride)
+    vid_path, vid_writer = [None] * bs, [None] * bs
+
+    # Run inference
+    model.warmup(imgsz=(1 if pt or model.triton else bs, 3, *imgsz))  # warmup
+    seen, windows, dt = 0, [], (Profile(), Profile(), Profile())
+    for path, im, im0s, vid_cap, s in dataset:
+        with dt[0]:
+            im = torch.from_numpy(im).to(model.device)
+            im = im.half() if model.fp16 else im.float()  # uint8 to fp16/32
+            im /= 255  # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
+            if len(im.shape) == 3:
+                im = im[None]  # expand for batch dim
+
+        # Inference
+        with dt[1]:
+            visualize = increment_path(save_dir / Path(path).stem, mkdir=True) if visualize else False
+            pred = model(im, augment=augment, visualize=visualize)
+            pred = pred[0][1]
+
+        # NMS
+        with dt[2]:
+            pred = non_max_suppression(pred, conf_thres, iou_thres, classes, agnostic_nms, max_det=max_det)
+
+        # Second-stage classifier (optional)
+        # pred = utils.general.apply_classifier(pred, classifier_model, im, im0s)
+
+        # Process predictions
+        for i, det in enumerate(pred):  # per image
+            seen += 1
+            if webcam:  # batch_size >= 1
+                p, im0, frame = path[i], im0s[i].copy(), dataset.count
+                s += f'{i}: '
+            else:
+                p, im0, frame = path, im0s.copy(), getattr(dataset, 'frame', 0)
+
+            p = Path(p)  # to Path
+            save_path = str(save_dir / p.name)  # im.jpg
+            txt_path = str(save_dir / 'labels' / p.stem) + ('' if dataset.mode == 'image' else f'_{frame}')  # im.txt
+            s += '%gx%g ' % im.shape[2:]  # print string
+            gn = torch.tensor(im0.shape)[[1, 0, 1, 0]]  # normalization gain whwh
+            imc = im0.copy() if save_crop else im0  # for save_crop
+            annotator = Annotator(im0, line_width=line_thickness, example=str(names))
+            if len(det):
+                # Rescale boxes from img_size to im0 size
+                det[:, :4] = scale_boxes(im.shape[2:], det[:, :4], im0.shape).round()
+
+                # Print results
+                for c in det[:, 5].unique():
+                    n = (det[:, 5] == c).sum()  # detections per class
+                    s += f"{n} {names[int(c)]}{'s' * (n > 1)}, "  # add to string
+
+                # Write results
+                for *xyxy, conf, cls in reversed(det):
+                    if save_txt:  # Write to file
+                        xywh = (xyxy2xywh(torch.tensor(xyxy).view(1, 4)) / gn).view(-1).tolist()  # normalized xywh
+                        line = (cls, *xywh, conf) if save_conf else (cls, *xywh)  # label format
+                        with open(f'{txt_path}.txt', 'a') as f:
+                            f.write(('%g ' * len(line)).rstrip() % line + '\n')
+
+                    if save_img or save_crop or view_img:  # Add bbox to image
+                        c = int(cls)  # integer class
+                        label = None if hide_labels else (names[c] if hide_conf else f'{names[c]} {conf:.2f}')
+                        annotator.box_label(xyxy, label, color=colors(c, True))
+                    if save_crop:
+                        save_one_box(xyxy, imc, file=save_dir / 'crops' / names[c] / f'{p.stem}.jpg', BGR=True)
+
+            # Stream results
+            im0 = annotator.result()
+            if view_img:
+                if platform.system() == 'Linux' and p not in windows:
+                    windows.append(p)
+                    cv2.namedWindow(str(p), cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL | cv2.WINDOW_KEEPRATIO)  # allow window resize (Linux)
+                    cv2.resizeWindow(str(p), im0.shape[1], im0.shape[0])
+                cv2.imshow(str(p), im0)
+                cv2.waitKey(1)  # 1 millisecond
+
+            # Save results (image with detections)
+            if save_img:
+                if dataset.mode == 'image':
+                    cv2.imwrite(save_path, im0)
+                else:  # 'video' or 'stream'
+                    if vid_path[i] != save_path:  # new video
+                        vid_path[i] = save_path
+                        if isinstance(vid_writer[i], cv2.VideoWriter):
+                            vid_writer[i].release()  # release previous video writer
+                        if vid_cap:  # video
+                            fps = vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
+                            w = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
+                            h = int(vid_cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
+                        else:  # stream
+                            fps, w, h = 30, im0.shape[1], im0.shape[0]
+                        save_path = str(Path(save_path).with_suffix('.mp4'))  # force *.mp4 suffix on results videos
+                        vid_writer[i] = cv2.VideoWriter(save_path, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v'), fps, (w, h))
+                    vid_writer[i].write(im0)
+
+        # Print time (inference-only)
+        LOGGER.info(f"{s}{'' if len(det) else '(no detections), '}{dt[1].dt * 1E3:.1f}ms")
+
+    # Print results
+    t = tuple(x.t / seen * 1E3 for x in dt)  # speeds per image
+    LOGGER.info(f'Speed: %.1fms pre-process, %.1fms inference, %.1fms NMS per image at shape {(1, 3, *imgsz)}' % t)
+    if save_txt or save_img:
+        s = f"\n{len(list(save_dir.glob('labels/*.txt')))} labels saved to {save_dir / 'labels'}" if save_txt else ''
+        LOGGER.info(f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}{s}")
+    if update:
+        strip_optimizer(weights[0])  # update model (to fix SourceChangeWarning)
+
+
+def parse_opt():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default=ROOT / 'yolo.pt', help='model path or triton URL')
+    parser.add_argument('--source', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/images', help='file/dir/URL/glob/screen/0(webcam)')
+    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/coco128.yaml', help='(optional) dataset.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640], help='inference size h,w')
+    parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.25, help='confidence threshold')
+    parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.45, help='NMS IoU threshold')
+    parser.add_argument('--max-det', type=int, default=1000, help='maximum detections per image')
+    parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
+    parser.add_argument('--view-img', action='store_true', help='show results')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-txt', action='store_true', help='save results to *.txt')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-conf', action='store_true', help='save confidences in --save-txt labels')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-crop', action='store_true', help='save cropped prediction boxes')
+    parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='do not save images/videos')
+    parser.add_argument('--classes', nargs='+', type=int, help='filter by class: --classes 0, or --classes 0 2 3')
+    parser.add_argument('--agnostic-nms', action='store_true', help='class-agnostic NMS')
+    parser.add_argument('--augment', action='store_true', help='augmented inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--visualize', action='store_true', help='visualize features')
+    parser.add_argument('--update', action='store_true', help='update all models')
+    parser.add_argument('--project', default=ROOT / 'runs/detect', help='save results to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save results to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
+    parser.add_argument('--line-thickness', default=3, type=int, help='bounding box thickness (pixels)')
+    parser.add_argument('--hide-labels', default=False, action='store_true', help='hide labels')
+    parser.add_argument('--hide-conf', default=False, action='store_true', help='hide confidences')
+    parser.add_argument('--half', action='store_true', help='use FP16 half-precision inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--dnn', action='store_true', help='use OpenCV DNN for ONNX inference')
+    parser.add_argument('--vid-stride', type=int, default=1, help='video frame-rate stride')
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+    opt.imgsz *= 2 if len(opt.imgsz) == 1 else 1  # expand
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+    return opt
+
+
+def main(opt):
+    # check_requirements(exclude=('tensorboard', 'thop'))
+    run(**vars(opt))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    opt = parse_opt()
+    main(opt)

export.py

@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+import argparse
+import contextlib
+import json
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pandas as pd
+import torch
+from torch.utils.mobile_optimizer import optimize_for_mobile
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[0]  # YOLO root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+if platform.system() != 'Windows':
+    ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative
+
+from models.experimental import attempt_load, End2End
+from models.yolo import ClassificationModel, Detect, DDetect, DualDetect, DualDDetect, DetectionModel, SegmentationModel
+from utils.dataloaders import LoadImages
+from utils.general import (LOGGER, Profile, check_dataset, check_img_size, check_requirements, check_version,
+                           check_yaml, colorstr, file_size, get_default_args, print_args, url2file, yaml_save)
+from utils.torch_utils import select_device, smart_inference_mode
+
+MACOS = platform.system() == 'Darwin'  # macOS environment
+
+
+def export_formats():
+    # YOLO export formats
+    x = [
+        ['PyTorch', '-', '.pt', True, True],
+        ['TorchScript', 'torchscript', '.torchscript', True, True],
+        ['ONNX', 'onnx', '.onnx', True, True],
+        ['ONNX END2END', 'onnx_end2end', '_end2end.onnx', True, True],
+        ['OpenVINO', 'openvino', '_openvino_model', True, False],
+        ['TensorRT', 'engine', '.engine', False, True],
+        ['CoreML', 'coreml', '.mlmodel', True, False],
+        ['TensorFlow SavedModel', 'saved_model', '_saved_model', True, True],
+        ['TensorFlow GraphDef', 'pb', '.pb', True, True],
+        ['TensorFlow Lite', 'tflite', '.tflite', True, False],
+        ['TensorFlow Edge TPU', 'edgetpu', '_edgetpu.tflite', False, False],
+        ['TensorFlow.js', 'tfjs', '_web_model', False, False],
+        ['PaddlePaddle', 'paddle', '_paddle_model', True, True],]
+    return pd.DataFrame(x, columns=['Format', 'Argument', 'Suffix', 'CPU', 'GPU'])
+
+
+def try_export(inner_func):
+    # YOLO export decorator, i..e @try_export
+    inner_args = get_default_args(inner_func)
+
+    def outer_func(*args, **kwargs):
+        prefix = inner_args['prefix']
+        try:
+            with Profile() as dt:
+                f, model = inner_func(*args, **kwargs)
+            LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} export success ✅ {dt.t:.1f}s, saved as {f} ({file_size(f):.1f} MB)')
+            return f, model
+        except Exception as e:
+            LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} export failure ❌ {dt.t:.1f}s: {e}')
+            return None, None
+
+    return outer_func
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_torchscript(model, im, file, optimize, prefix=colorstr('TorchScript:')):
+    # YOLO TorchScript model export
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with torch {torch.__version__}...')
+    f = file.with_suffix('.torchscript')
+
+    ts = torch.jit.trace(model, im, strict=False)
+    d = {"shape": im.shape, "stride": int(max(model.stride)), "names": model.names}
+    extra_files = {'config.txt': json.dumps(d)}  # torch._C.ExtraFilesMap()
+    if optimize:  # https://pytorch.org/tutorials/recipes/mobile_interpreter.html
+        optimize_for_mobile(ts)._save_for_lite_interpreter(str(f), _extra_files=extra_files)
+    else:
+        ts.save(str(f), _extra_files=extra_files)
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_onnx(model, im, file, opset, dynamic, simplify, prefix=colorstr('ONNX:')):
+    # YOLO ONNX export
+    check_requirements('onnx')
+    import onnx
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with onnx {onnx.__version__}...')
+    f = file.with_suffix('.onnx')
+
+    output_names = ['output0', 'output1'] if isinstance(model, SegmentationModel) else ['output0']
+    if dynamic:
+        dynamic = {'images': {0: 'batch', 2: 'height', 3: 'width'}}  # shape(1,3,640,640)
+        if isinstance(model, SegmentationModel):
+            dynamic['output0'] = {0: 'batch', 1: 'anchors'}  # shape(1,25200,85)
+            dynamic['output1'] = {0: 'batch', 2: 'mask_height', 3: 'mask_width'}  # shape(1,32,160,160)
+        elif isinstance(model, DetectionModel):
+            dynamic['output0'] = {0: 'batch', 1: 'anchors'}  # shape(1,25200,85)
+
+    torch.onnx.export(
+        model.cpu() if dynamic else model,  # --dynamic only compatible with cpu
+        im.cpu() if dynamic else im,
+        f,
+        verbose=False,
+        opset_version=opset,
+        do_constant_folding=True,
+        input_names=['images'],
+        output_names=output_names,
+        dynamic_axes=dynamic or None)
+
+    # Checks
+    model_onnx = onnx.load(f)  # load onnx model
+    onnx.checker.check_model(model_onnx)  # check onnx model
+
+    # Metadata
+    d = {'stride': int(max(model.stride)), 'names': model.names}
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        meta = model_onnx.metadata_props.add()
+        meta.key, meta.value = k, str(v)
+    onnx.save(model_onnx, f)
+
+    # Simplify
+    if simplify:
+        try:
+            cuda = torch.cuda.is_available()
+            check_requirements(('onnxruntime-gpu' if cuda else 'onnxruntime', 'onnx-simplifier>=0.4.1'))
+            import onnxsim
+
+            LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} simplifying with onnx-simplifier {onnxsim.__version__}...')
+            model_onnx, check = onnxsim.simplify(model_onnx)
+            assert check, 'assert check failed'
+            onnx.save(model_onnx, f)
+        except Exception as e:
+            LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} simplifier failure: {e}')
+    return f, model_onnx
+    
+
+@try_export
+def export_onnx_end2end(model, im, file, simplify, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres, device, labels, prefix=colorstr('ONNX END2END:')):
+    # YOLO ONNX export
+    check_requirements('onnx')
+    import onnx
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with onnx {onnx.__version__}...')
+    f = os.path.splitext(file)[0] + "-end2end.onnx"
+    batch_size = 'batch'
+
+    dynamic_axes = {'images': {0 : 'batch', 2: 'height', 3:'width'}, } # variable length axes
+
+    output_axes = {
+                    'num_dets': {0: 'batch'},
+                    'det_boxes': {0: 'batch'},
+                    'det_scores': {0: 'batch'},
+                    'det_classes': {0: 'batch'},
+                }
+    dynamic_axes.update(output_axes)
+    model = End2End(model, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres, None ,device, labels)
+
+    output_names = ['num_dets', 'det_boxes', 'det_scores', 'det_classes']
+    shapes = [ batch_size, 1,  batch_size,  topk_all, 4,
+               batch_size,  topk_all,  batch_size,  topk_all]
+
+    torch.onnx.export(model, 
+                          im, 
+                          f, 
+                          verbose=False, 
+                          export_params=True,       # store the trained parameter weights inside the model file
+                          opset_version=12, 
+                          do_constant_folding=True, # whether to execute constant folding for optimization
+                          input_names=['images'],
+                          output_names=output_names,
+                          dynamic_axes=dynamic_axes)
+
+    # Checks
+    model_onnx = onnx.load(f)  # load onnx model
+    onnx.checker.check_model(model_onnx)  # check onnx model
+    for i in model_onnx.graph.output:
+        for j in i.type.tensor_type.shape.dim:
+            j.dim_param = str(shapes.pop(0))
+
+    if simplify:
+        try:
+            import onnxsim
+
+            print('\nStarting to simplify ONNX...')
+            model_onnx, check = onnxsim.simplify(model_onnx)
+            assert check, 'assert check failed'
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f'Simplifier failure: {e}')
+
+        # print(onnx.helper.printable_graph(onnx_model.graph))  # print a human readable model
+        onnx.save(model_onnx,f)
+        print('ONNX export success, saved as %s' % f)
+    return f, model_onnx
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_openvino(file, metadata, half, prefix=colorstr('OpenVINO:')):
+    # YOLO OpenVINO export
+    check_requirements('openvino-dev')  # requires openvino-dev: https://pypi.org/project/openvino-dev/
+    import openvino.inference_engine as ie
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with openvino {ie.__version__}...')
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', f'_openvino_model{os.sep}')
+
+    #cmd = f"mo --input_model {file.with_suffix('.onnx')} --output_dir {f} --data_type {'FP16' if half else 'FP32'}"
+    #cmd = f"mo --input_model {file.with_suffix('.onnx')} --output_dir {f} {"--compress_to_fp16" if half else ""}"
+    half_arg = "--compress_to_fp16" if half else ""
+    cmd = f"mo --input_model {file.with_suffix('.onnx')} --output_dir {f} {half_arg}"
+    subprocess.run(cmd.split(), check=True, env=os.environ)  # export
+    yaml_save(Path(f) / file.with_suffix('.yaml').name, metadata)  # add metadata.yaml
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_paddle(model, im, file, metadata, prefix=colorstr('PaddlePaddle:')):
+    # YOLO Paddle export
+    check_requirements(('paddlepaddle', 'x2paddle'))
+    import x2paddle
+    from x2paddle.convert import pytorch2paddle
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with X2Paddle {x2paddle.__version__}...')
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', f'_paddle_model{os.sep}')
+
+    pytorch2paddle(module=model, save_dir=f, jit_type='trace', input_examples=[im])  # export
+    yaml_save(Path(f) / file.with_suffix('.yaml').name, metadata)  # add metadata.yaml
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_coreml(model, im, file, int8, half, prefix=colorstr('CoreML:')):
+    # YOLO CoreML export
+    check_requirements('coremltools')
+    import coremltools as ct
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with coremltools {ct.__version__}...')
+    f = file.with_suffix('.mlmodel')
+
+    ts = torch.jit.trace(model, im, strict=False)  # TorchScript model
+    ct_model = ct.convert(ts, inputs=[ct.ImageType('image', shape=im.shape, scale=1 / 255, bias=[0, 0, 0])])
+    bits, mode = (8, 'kmeans_lut') if int8 else (16, 'linear') if half else (32, None)
+    if bits < 32:
+        if MACOS:  # quantization only supported on macOS
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)  # suppress numpy==1.20 float warning
+                ct_model = ct.models.neural_network.quantization_utils.quantize_weights(ct_model, bits, mode)
+        else:
+            print(f'{prefix} quantization only supported on macOS, skipping...')
+    ct_model.save(f)
+    return f, ct_model
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_engine(model, im, file, half, dynamic, simplify, workspace=4, verbose=False, prefix=colorstr('TensorRT:')):
+    # YOLO TensorRT export https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt
+    assert im.device.type != 'cpu', 'export running on CPU but must be on GPU, i.e. `python export.py --device 0`'
+    try:
+        import tensorrt as trt
+    except Exception:
+        if platform.system() == 'Linux':
+            check_requirements('nvidia-tensorrt', cmds='-U --index-url https://pypi.ngc.nvidia.com')
+        import tensorrt as trt
+
+    if trt.__version__[0] == '7':  # TensorRT 7 handling https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/6012
+        grid = model.model[-1].anchor_grid
+        model.model[-1].anchor_grid = [a[..., :1, :1, :] for a in grid]
+        export_onnx(model, im, file, 12, dynamic, simplify)  # opset 12
+        model.model[-1].anchor_grid = grid
+    else:  # TensorRT >= 8
+        check_version(trt.__version__, '8.0.0', hard=True)  # require tensorrt>=8.0.0
+        export_onnx(model, im, file, 12, dynamic, simplify)  # opset 12
+    onnx = file.with_suffix('.onnx')
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with TensorRT {trt.__version__}...')
+    assert onnx.exists(), f'failed to export ONNX file: {onnx}'
+    f = file.with_suffix('.engine')  # TensorRT engine file
+    logger = trt.Logger(trt.Logger.INFO)
+    if verbose:
+        logger.min_severity = trt.Logger.Severity.VERBOSE
+
+    builder = trt.Builder(logger)
+    config = builder.create_builder_config()
+    config.max_workspace_size = workspace * 1 << 30
+    # config.set_memory_pool_limit(trt.MemoryPoolType.WORKSPACE, workspace << 30)  # fix TRT 8.4 deprecation notice
+
+    flag = (1 << int(trt.NetworkDefinitionCreationFlag.EXPLICIT_BATCH))
+    network = builder.create_network(flag)
+    parser = trt.OnnxParser(network, logger)
+    if not parser.parse_from_file(str(onnx)):
+        raise RuntimeError(f'failed to load ONNX file: {onnx}')
+
+    inputs = [network.get_input(i) for i in range(network.num_inputs)]
+    outputs = [network.get_output(i) for i in range(network.num_outputs)]
+    for inp in inputs:
+        LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} input "{inp.name}" with shape{inp.shape} {inp.dtype}')
+    for out in outputs:
+        LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} output "{out.name}" with shape{out.shape} {out.dtype}')
+
+    if dynamic:
+        if im.shape[0] <= 1:
+            LOGGER.warning(f"{prefix} WARNING ⚠️ --dynamic model requires maximum --batch-size argument")
+        profile = builder.create_optimization_profile()
+        for inp in inputs:
+            profile.set_shape(inp.name, (1, *im.shape[1:]), (max(1, im.shape[0] // 2), *im.shape[1:]), im.shape)
+        config.add_optimization_profile(profile)
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'{prefix} building FP{16 if builder.platform_has_fast_fp16 and half else 32} engine as {f}')
+    if builder.platform_has_fast_fp16 and half:
+        config.set_flag(trt.BuilderFlag.FP16)
+    with builder.build_engine(network, config) as engine, open(f, 'wb') as t:
+        t.write(engine.serialize())
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_saved_model(model,
+                       im,
+                       file,
+                       dynamic,
+                       tf_nms=False,
+                       agnostic_nms=False,
+                       topk_per_class=100,
+                       topk_all=100,
+                       iou_thres=0.45,
+                       conf_thres=0.25,
+                       keras=False,
+                       prefix=colorstr('TensorFlow SavedModel:')):
+    # YOLO TensorFlow SavedModel export
+    try:
+        import tensorflow as tf
+    except Exception:
+        check_requirements(f"tensorflow{'' if torch.cuda.is_available() else '-macos' if MACOS else '-cpu'}")
+        import tensorflow as tf
+    from tensorflow.python.framework.convert_to_constants import convert_variables_to_constants_v2
+
+    from models.tf import TFModel
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with tensorflow {tf.__version__}...')
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', '_saved_model')
+    batch_size, ch, *imgsz = list(im.shape)  # BCHW
+
+    tf_model = TFModel(cfg=model.yaml, model=model, nc=model.nc, imgsz=imgsz)
+    im = tf.zeros((batch_size, *imgsz, ch))  # BHWC order for TensorFlow
+    _ = tf_model.predict(im, tf_nms, agnostic_nms, topk_per_class, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres)
+    inputs = tf.keras.Input(shape=(*imgsz, ch), batch_size=None if dynamic else batch_size)
+    outputs = tf_model.predict(inputs, tf_nms, agnostic_nms, topk_per_class, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres)
+    keras_model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)
+    keras_model.trainable = False
+    keras_model.summary()
+    if keras:
+        keras_model.save(f, save_format='tf')
+    else:
+        spec = tf.TensorSpec(keras_model.inputs[0].shape, keras_model.inputs[0].dtype)
+        m = tf.function(lambda x: keras_model(x))  # full model
+        m = m.get_concrete_function(spec)
+        frozen_func = convert_variables_to_constants_v2(m)
+        tfm = tf.Module()
+        tfm.__call__ = tf.function(lambda x: frozen_func(x)[:4] if tf_nms else frozen_func(x), [spec])
+        tfm.__call__(im)
+        tf.saved_model.save(tfm,
+                            f,
+                            options=tf.saved_model.SaveOptions(experimental_custom_gradients=False) if check_version(
+                                tf.__version__, '2.6') else tf.saved_model.SaveOptions())
+    return f, keras_model
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_pb(keras_model, file, prefix=colorstr('TensorFlow GraphDef:')):
+    # YOLO TensorFlow GraphDef *.pb export https://github.com/leimao/Frozen_Graph_TensorFlow
+    import tensorflow as tf
+    from tensorflow.python.framework.convert_to_constants import convert_variables_to_constants_v2
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with tensorflow {tf.__version__}...')
+    f = file.with_suffix('.pb')
+
+    m = tf.function(lambda x: keras_model(x))  # full model
+    m = m.get_concrete_function(tf.TensorSpec(keras_model.inputs[0].shape, keras_model.inputs[0].dtype))
+    frozen_func = convert_variables_to_constants_v2(m)
+    frozen_func.graph.as_graph_def()
+    tf.io.write_graph(graph_or_graph_def=frozen_func.graph, logdir=str(f.parent), name=f.name, as_text=False)
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_tflite(keras_model, im, file, int8, data, nms, agnostic_nms, prefix=colorstr('TensorFlow Lite:')):
+    # YOLOv5 TensorFlow Lite export
+    import tensorflow as tf
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with tensorflow {tf.__version__}...')
+    batch_size, ch, *imgsz = list(im.shape)  # BCHW
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', '-fp16.tflite')
+
+    converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_keras_model(keras_model)
+    converter.target_spec.supported_ops = [tf.lite.OpsSet.TFLITE_BUILTINS]
+    converter.target_spec.supported_types = [tf.float16]
+    converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.DEFAULT]
+    if int8:
+        from models.tf import representative_dataset_gen
+        dataset = LoadImages(check_dataset(check_yaml(data))['train'], img_size=imgsz, auto=False)
+        converter.representative_dataset = lambda: representative_dataset_gen(dataset, ncalib=100)
+        converter.target_spec.supported_ops = [tf.lite.OpsSet.TFLITE_BUILTINS_INT8]
+        converter.target_spec.supported_types = []
+        converter.inference_input_type = tf.uint8  # or tf.int8
+        converter.inference_output_type = tf.uint8  # or tf.int8
+        converter.experimental_new_quantizer = True
+        f = str(file).replace('.pt', '-int8.tflite')
+    if nms or agnostic_nms:
+        converter.target_spec.supported_ops.append(tf.lite.OpsSet.SELECT_TF_OPS)
+
+    tflite_model = converter.convert()
+    open(f, "wb").write(tflite_model)
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_edgetpu(file, prefix=colorstr('Edge TPU:')):
+    # YOLO Edge TPU export https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/models-intro/
+    cmd = 'edgetpu_compiler --version'
+    help_url = 'https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/compiler/'
+    assert platform.system() == 'Linux', f'export only supported on Linux. See {help_url}'
+    if subprocess.run(f'{cmd} >/dev/null', shell=True).returncode != 0:
+        LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} export requires Edge TPU compiler. Attempting install from {help_url}')
+        sudo = subprocess.run('sudo --version >/dev/null', shell=True).returncode == 0  # sudo installed on system
+        for c in (
+                'curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -',
+                'echo "deb https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt coral-edgetpu-stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/coral-edgetpu.list',
+                'sudo apt-get update', 'sudo apt-get install edgetpu-compiler'):
+            subprocess.run(c if sudo else c.replace('sudo ', ''), shell=True, check=True)
+    ver = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, check=True).stdout.decode().split()[-1]
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with Edge TPU compiler {ver}...')
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', '-int8_edgetpu.tflite')  # Edge TPU model
+    f_tfl = str(file).replace('.pt', '-int8.tflite')  # TFLite model
+
+    cmd = f"edgetpu_compiler -s -d -k 10 --out_dir {file.parent} {f_tfl}"
+    subprocess.run(cmd.split(), check=True)
+    return f, None
+
+
+@try_export
+def export_tfjs(file, prefix=colorstr('TensorFlow.js:')):
+    # YOLO TensorFlow.js export
+    check_requirements('tensorflowjs')
+    import tensorflowjs as tfjs
+
+    LOGGER.info(f'\n{prefix} starting export with tensorflowjs {tfjs.__version__}...')
+    f = str(file).replace('.pt', '_web_model')  # js dir
+    f_pb = file.with_suffix('.pb')  # *.pb path
+    f_json = f'{f}/model.json'  # *.json path
+
+    cmd = f'tensorflowjs_converter --input_format=tf_frozen_model ' \
+          f'--output_node_names=Identity,Identity_1,Identity_2,Identity_3 {f_pb} {f}'
+    subprocess.run(cmd.split())
+
+    json = Path(f_json).read_text()
+    with open(f_json, 'w') as j:  # sort JSON Identity_* in ascending order
+        subst = re.sub(
+            r'{"outputs": {"Identity.?.?": {"name": "Identity.?.?"}, '
+            r'"Identity.?.?": {"name": "Identity.?.?"}, '
+            r'"Identity.?.?": {"name": "Identity.?.?"}, '
+            r'"Identity.?.?": {"name": "Identity.?.?"}}}', r'{"outputs": {"Identity": {"name": "Identity"}, '
+            r'"Identity_1": {"name": "Identity_1"}, '
+            r'"Identity_2": {"name": "Identity_2"}, '
+            r'"Identity_3": {"name": "Identity_3"}}}', json)
+        j.write(subst)
+    return f, None
+
+
+def add_tflite_metadata(file, metadata, num_outputs):
+    # Add metadata to *.tflite models per https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/models/convert/metadata
+    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
+        # check_requirements('tflite_support')
+        from tflite_support import flatbuffers
+        from tflite_support import metadata as _metadata
+        from tflite_support import metadata_schema_py_generated as _metadata_fb
+
+        tmp_file = Path('/tmp/meta.txt')
+        with open(tmp_file, 'w') as meta_f:
+            meta_f.write(str(metadata))
+
+        model_meta = _metadata_fb.ModelMetadataT()
+        label_file = _metadata_fb.AssociatedFileT()
+        label_file.name = tmp_file.name
+        model_meta.associatedFiles = [label_file]
+
+        subgraph = _metadata_fb.SubGraphMetadataT()
+        subgraph.inputTensorMetadata = [_metadata_fb.TensorMetadataT()]
+        subgraph.outputTensorMetadata = [_metadata_fb.TensorMetadataT()] * num_outputs
+        model_meta.subgraphMetadata = [subgraph]
+
+        b = flatbuffers.Builder(0)
+        b.Finish(model_meta.Pack(b), _metadata.MetadataPopulator.METADATA_FILE_IDENTIFIER)
+        metadata_buf = b.Output()
+
+        populator = _metadata.MetadataPopulator.with_model_file(file)
+        populator.load_metadata_buffer(metadata_buf)
+        populator.load_associated_files([str(tmp_file)])
+        populator.populate()
+        tmp_file.unlink()
+
+
+@smart_inference_mode()
+def run(
+        data=ROOT / 'data/coco.yaml',  # 'dataset.yaml path'
+        weights=ROOT / 'yolo.pt',  # weights path
+        imgsz=(640, 640),  # image (height, width)
+        batch_size=1,  # batch size
+        device='cpu',  # cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu
+        include=('torchscript', 'onnx'),  # include formats
+        half=False,  # FP16 half-precision export
+        inplace=False,  # set YOLO Detect() inplace=True
+        keras=False,  # use Keras
+        optimize=False,  # TorchScript: optimize for mobile
+        int8=False,  # CoreML/TF INT8 quantization
+        dynamic=False,  # ONNX/TF/TensorRT: dynamic axes
+        simplify=False,  # ONNX: simplify model
+        opset=12,  # ONNX: opset version
+        verbose=False,  # TensorRT: verbose log
+        workspace=4,  # TensorRT: workspace size (GB)
+        nms=False,  # TF: add NMS to model
+        agnostic_nms=False,  # TF: add agnostic NMS to model
+        topk_per_class=100,  # TF.js NMS: topk per class to keep
+        topk_all=100,  # TF.js NMS: topk for all classes to keep
+        iou_thres=0.45,  # TF.js NMS: IoU threshold
+        conf_thres=0.25,  # TF.js NMS: confidence threshold
+):
+    t = time.time()
+    include = [x.lower() for x in include]  # to lowercase
+    fmts = tuple(export_formats()['Argument'][1:])  # --include arguments
+    flags = [x in include for x in fmts]
+    assert sum(flags) == len(include), f'ERROR: Invalid --include {include}, valid --include arguments are {fmts}'
+    jit, onnx, onnx_end2end, xml, engine, coreml, saved_model, pb, tflite, edgetpu, tfjs, paddle = flags  # export booleans
+    file = Path(url2file(weights) if str(weights).startswith(('http:/', 'https:/')) else weights)  # PyTorch weights
+
+    # Load PyTorch model
+    device = select_device(device)
+    if half:
+        assert device.type != 'cpu' or coreml, '--half only compatible with GPU export, i.e. use --device 0'
+        assert not dynamic, '--half not compatible with --dynamic, i.e. use either --half or --dynamic but not both'
+    model = attempt_load(weights, device=device, inplace=True, fuse=True)  # load FP32 model
+
+    # Checks
+    imgsz *= 2 if len(imgsz) == 1 else 1  # expand
+    if optimize:
+        assert device.type == 'cpu', '--optimize not compatible with cuda devices, i.e. use --device cpu'
+
+    # Input
+    gs = int(max(model.stride))  # grid size (max stride)
+    imgsz = [check_img_size(x, gs) for x in imgsz]  # verify img_size are gs-multiples
+    im = torch.zeros(batch_size, 3, *imgsz).to(device)  # image size(1,3,320,192) BCHW iDetection
+
+    # Update model
+    model.eval()
+    for k, m in model.named_modules():
+        if isinstance(m, (Detect, DDetect, DualDetect, DualDDetect)):
+            m.inplace = inplace
+            m.dynamic = dynamic
+            m.export = True
+
+    for _ in range(2):
+        y = model(im)  # dry runs
+    if half and not coreml:
+        im, model = im.half(), model.half()  # to FP16
+    shape = tuple((y[0] if isinstance(y, (tuple, list)) else y).shape)  # model output shape
+    metadata = {'stride': int(max(model.stride)), 'names': model.names}  # model metadata
+    LOGGER.info(f"\n{colorstr('PyTorch:')} starting from {file} with output shape {shape} ({file_size(file):.1f} MB)")
+
+    # Exports
+    f = [''] * len(fmts)  # exported filenames
+    warnings.filterwarnings(action='ignore', category=torch.jit.TracerWarning)  # suppress TracerWarning
+    if jit:  # TorchScript
+        f[0], _ = export_torchscript(model, im, file, optimize)
+    if engine:  # TensorRT required before ONNX
+        f[1], _ = export_engine(model, im, file, half, dynamic, simplify, workspace, verbose)
+    if onnx or xml:  # OpenVINO requires ONNX
+        f[2], _ = export_onnx(model, im, file, opset, dynamic, simplify)
+    if onnx_end2end:
+        if isinstance(model, DetectionModel):
+            labels = model.names
+            f[2], _ = export_onnx_end2end(model, im, file, simplify, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres, device, len(labels))
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("The model is not a DetectionModel.")
+    if xml:  # OpenVINO
+        f[3], _ = export_openvino(file, metadata, half)
+    if coreml:  # CoreML
+        f[4], _ = export_coreml(model, im, file, int8, half)
+    if any((saved_model, pb, tflite, edgetpu, tfjs)):  # TensorFlow formats
+        assert not tflite or not tfjs, 'TFLite and TF.js models must be exported separately, please pass only one type.'
+        assert not isinstance(model, ClassificationModel), 'ClassificationModel export to TF formats not yet supported.'
+        f[5], s_model = export_saved_model(model.cpu(),
+                                           im,
+                                           file,
+                                           dynamic,
+                                           tf_nms=nms or agnostic_nms or tfjs,
+                                           agnostic_nms=agnostic_nms or tfjs,
+                                           topk_per_class=topk_per_class,
+                                           topk_all=topk_all,
+                                           iou_thres=iou_thres,
+                                           conf_thres=conf_thres,
+                                           keras=keras)
+        if pb or tfjs:  # pb prerequisite to tfjs
+            f[6], _ = export_pb(s_model, file)
+        if tflite or edgetpu:
+            f[7], _ = export_tflite(s_model, im, file, int8 or edgetpu, data=data, nms=nms, agnostic_nms=agnostic_nms)
+            if edgetpu:
+                f[8], _ = export_edgetpu(file)
+            add_tflite_metadata(f[8] or f[7], metadata, num_outputs=len(s_model.outputs))
+        if tfjs:
+            f[9], _ = export_tfjs(file)
+    if paddle:  # PaddlePaddle
+        f[10], _ = export_paddle(model, im, file, metadata)
+
+    # Finish
+    f = [str(x) for x in f if x]  # filter out '' and None
+    if any(f):
+        cls, det, seg = (isinstance(model, x) for x in (ClassificationModel, DetectionModel, SegmentationModel))  # type
+        dir = Path('segment' if seg else 'classify' if cls else '')
+        h = '--half' if half else ''  # --half FP16 inference arg
+        s = "# WARNING ⚠️ ClassificationModel not yet supported for PyTorch Hub AutoShape inference" if cls else \
+            "# WARNING ⚠️ SegmentationModel not yet supported for PyTorch Hub AutoShape inference" if seg else ''
+        if onnx_end2end:
+            LOGGER.info(f'\nExport complete ({time.time() - t:.1f}s)'
+                        f"\nResults saved to {colorstr('bold', file.parent.resolve())}"
+                        f"\nVisualize:       https://netron.app")
+        else:
+            LOGGER.info(f'\nExport complete ({time.time() - t:.1f}s)'
+                        f"\nResults saved to {colorstr('bold', file.parent.resolve())}"
+                        f"\nDetect:          python {dir / ('detect.py' if det else 'predict.py')} --weights {f[-1]} {h}"
+                        f"\nValidate:        python {dir / 'val.py'} --weights {f[-1]} {h}"
+                        f"\nPyTorch Hub:     model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5', 'custom', '{f[-1]}')  {s}"
+                        f"\nVisualize:       https://netron.app")
+    return f  # return list of exported files/dirs
+
+
+def parse_opt():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/coco.yaml', help='dataset.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--weights', nargs='+', type=str, default=ROOT / 'yolo.pt', help='model.pt path(s)')
+    parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640, 640], help='image (h, w)')
+    parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=1, help='batch size')
+    parser.add_argument('--device', default='cpu', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
+    parser.add_argument('--half', action='store_true', help='FP16 half-precision export')
+    parser.add_argument('--inplace', action='store_true', help='set YOLO Detect() inplace=True')
+    parser.add_argument('--keras', action='store_true', help='TF: use Keras')
+    parser.add_argument('--optimize', action='store_true', help='TorchScript: optimize for mobile')
+    parser.add_argument('--int8', action='store_true', help='CoreML/TF INT8 quantization')
+    parser.add_argument('--dynamic', action='store_true', help='ONNX/TF/TensorRT: dynamic axes')
+    parser.add_argument('--simplify', action='store_true', help='ONNX: simplify model')
+    parser.add_argument('--opset', type=int, default=12, help='ONNX: opset version')
+    parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true', help='TensorRT: verbose log')
+    parser.add_argument('--workspace', type=int, default=4, help='TensorRT: workspace size (GB)')
+    parser.add_argument('--nms', action='store_true', help='TF: add NMS to model')
+    parser.add_argument('--agnostic-nms', action='store_true', help='TF: add agnostic NMS to model')
+    parser.add_argument('--topk-per-class', type=int, default=100, help='TF.js NMS: topk per class to keep')
+    parser.add_argument('--topk-all', type=int, default=100, help='ONNX END2END/TF.js NMS: topk for all classes to keep')
+    parser.add_argument('--iou-thres', type=float, default=0.45, help='ONNX END2END/TF.js NMS: IoU threshold')
+    parser.add_argument('--conf-thres', type=float, default=0.25, help='ONNX END2END/TF.js NMS: confidence threshold')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--include',
+        nargs='+',
+        default=['torchscript'],
+        help='torchscript, onnx, onnx_end2end, openvino, engine, coreml, saved_model, pb, tflite, edgetpu, tfjs, paddle')
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if 'onnx_end2end' in opt.include:  
+        opt.simplify = True
+        opt.dynamic = True
+        opt.inplace = True
+        opt.half = False
+
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+    return opt
+
+
+def main(opt):
+    for opt.weights in (opt.weights if isinstance(opt.weights, list) else [opt.weights]):
+        run(**vars(opt))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    opt = parse_opt()
+    main(opt)

hubconf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import torch
+
+
+def _create(name, pretrained=True, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True, verbose=True, device=None):
+    """Creates or loads a YOLO model
+
+    Arguments:
+        name (str): model name 'yolov3' or path 'path/to/best.pt'
+        pretrained (bool): load pretrained weights into the model
+        channels (int): number of input channels
+        classes (int): number of model classes
+        autoshape (bool): apply YOLO .autoshape() wrapper to model
+        verbose (bool): print all information to screen
+        device (str, torch.device, None): device to use for model parameters
+
+    Returns:
+        YOLO model
+    """
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from models.common import AutoShape, DetectMultiBackend
+    from models.experimental import attempt_load
+    from models.yolo import ClassificationModel, DetectionModel, SegmentationModel
+    from utils.downloads import attempt_download
+    from utils.general import LOGGER, check_requirements, intersect_dicts, logging
+    from utils.torch_utils import select_device
+
+    if not verbose:
+        LOGGER.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+    check_requirements(exclude=('opencv-python', 'tensorboard', 'thop'))
+    name = Path(name)
+    path = name.with_suffix('.pt') if name.suffix == '' and not name.is_dir() else name  # checkpoint path
+    try:
+        device = select_device(device)
+        if pretrained and channels == 3 and classes == 80:
+            try:
+                model = DetectMultiBackend(path, device=device, fuse=autoshape)  # detection model
+                if autoshape:
+                    if model.pt and isinstance(model.model, ClassificationModel):
+                        LOGGER.warning('WARNING ⚠️ YOLO ClassificationModel is not yet AutoShape compatible. '
+                                       'You must pass torch tensors in BCHW to this model, i.e. shape(1,3,224,224).')
+                    elif model.pt and isinstance(model.model, SegmentationModel):
+                        LOGGER.warning('WARNING ⚠️ YOLO SegmentationModel is not yet AutoShape compatible. '
+                                       'You will not be able to run inference with this model.')
+                    else:
+                        model = AutoShape(model)  # for file/URI/PIL/cv2/np inputs and NMS
+            except Exception:
+                model = attempt_load(path, device=device, fuse=False)  # arbitrary model
+        else:
+            cfg = list((Path(__file__).parent / 'models').rglob(f'{path.stem}.yaml'))[0]  # model.yaml path
+            model = DetectionModel(cfg, channels, classes)  # create model
+            if pretrained:
+                ckpt = torch.load(attempt_download(path), map_location=device)  # load
+                csd = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict()  # checkpoint state_dict as FP32
+                csd = intersect_dicts(csd, model.state_dict(), exclude=['anchors'])  # intersect
+                model.load_state_dict(csd, strict=False)  # load
+                if len(ckpt['model'].names) == classes:
+                    model.names = ckpt['model'].names  # set class names attribute
+        if not verbose:
+            LOGGER.setLevel(logging.INFO)  # reset to default
+        return model.to(device)
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        help_url = 'https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/36'
+        s = f'{e}. Cache may be out of date, try `force_reload=True` or see {help_url} for help.'
+        raise Exception(s) from e
+
+
+def custom(path='path/to/model.pt', autoshape=True, _verbose=True, device=None):
+    # YOLO custom or local model
+    return _create(path, autoshape=autoshape, verbose=_verbose, device=device)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import argparse
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    import numpy as np
+    from PIL import Image
+
+    from utils.general import cv2, print_args
+
+    # Argparser
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--model', type=str, default='yolo', help='model name')
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+
+    # Model
+    model = _create(name=opt.model, pretrained=True, channels=3, classes=80, autoshape=True, verbose=True)
+    # model = custom(path='path/to/model.pt')  # custom
+
+    # Images
+    imgs = [
+        'data/images/zidane.jpg',  # filename
+        Path('data/images/zidane.jpg'),  # Path
+        'https://ultralytics.com/images/zidane.jpg',  # URI
+        cv2.imread('data/images/bus.jpg')[:, :, ::-1],  # OpenCV
+        Image.open('data/images/bus.jpg'),  # PIL
+        np.zeros((320, 640, 3))]  # numpy
+
+    # Inference
+    results = model(imgs, size=320)  # batched inference
+
+    # Results
+    results.print()
+    results.save()

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# requirements
+# Usage: pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Base ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+gitpython
+ipython
+matplotlib>=3.2.2
+numpy>=1.18.5
+opencv-python>=4.1.1
+Pillow>=7.1.2
+psutil
+PyYAML>=5.3.1
+requests>=2.23.0
+scipy>=1.4.1
+thop>=0.1.1
+torch>=1.7.0
+torchvision>=0.8.1
+tqdm>=4.64.0
+# protobuf<=3.20.1
+
+# Logging ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+tensorboard>=2.4.1
+# clearml>=1.2.0
+# comet
+
+# Plotting --------------------------------------------------------------------
+pandas>=1.1.4
+seaborn>=0.11.0
+
+# Export ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# coremltools>=6.0
+# onnx>=1.9.0
+# onnx-simplifier>=0.4.1
+# nvidia-pyindex
+# nvidia-tensorrt
+# scikit-learn<=1.1.2
+# tensorflow>=2.4.1
+# tensorflowjs>=3.9.0
+# openvino-dev
+
+# Deploy ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# tritonclient[all]~=2.24.0
+
+# Extras ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# mss
+albumentations>=1.0.3
+pycocotools>=2.0

train.py

@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+import argparse
+import math
+import os
+import random
+import sys
+import time
+from copy import deepcopy
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+import torch.distributed as dist
+import torch.nn as nn
+import yaml
+from torch.optim import lr_scheduler
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[0]  # root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative
+
+import val as validate  # for end-of-epoch mAP
+from models.experimental import attempt_load
+from models.yolo import Model
+from utils.autoanchor import check_anchors
+from utils.autobatch import check_train_batch_size
+from utils.callbacks import Callbacks
+from utils.dataloaders import create_dataloader
+from utils.downloads import attempt_download, is_url
+from utils.general import (LOGGER, TQDM_BAR_FORMAT, check_amp, check_dataset, check_file, check_img_size,
+                           check_suffix, check_yaml, colorstr, get_latest_run, increment_path, init_seeds,
+                           intersect_dicts, labels_to_class_weights, labels_to_image_weights, methods,
+                           one_cycle, one_flat_cycle, print_args, print_mutation, strip_optimizer, yaml_save)
+from utils.loggers import Loggers
+from utils.loggers.comet.comet_utils import check_comet_resume
+from utils.loss_tal import ComputeLoss
+from utils.metrics import fitness
+from utils.plots import plot_evolve
+from utils.torch_utils import (EarlyStopping, ModelEMA, de_parallel, select_device, smart_DDP,
+                               smart_optimizer, smart_resume, torch_distributed_zero_first)
+
+LOCAL_RANK = int(os.getenv('LOCAL_RANK', -1))  # https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/elastic/run.html
+RANK = int(os.getenv('RANK', -1))
+WORLD_SIZE = int(os.getenv('WORLD_SIZE', 1))
+GIT_INFO = None
+
+
+def train(hyp, opt, device, callbacks):  # hyp is path/to/hyp.yaml or hyp dictionary
+    save_dir, epochs, batch_size, weights, single_cls, evolve, data, cfg, resume, noval, nosave, workers, freeze = \
+        Path(opt.save_dir), opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.weights, opt.single_cls, opt.evolve, opt.data, opt.cfg, \
+        opt.resume, opt.noval, opt.nosave, opt.workers, opt.freeze
+    callbacks.run('on_pretrain_routine_start')
+
+    # Directories
+    w = save_dir / 'weights'  # weights dir
+    (w.parent if evolve else w).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)  # make dir
+    last, best = w / 'last.pt', w / 'best.pt'
+    last_striped, best_striped = w / 'last_striped.pt', w / 'best_striped.pt'
+
+    # Hyperparameters
+    if isinstance(hyp, str):
+        with open(hyp, errors='ignore') as f:
+            hyp = yaml.safe_load(f)  # load hyps dict
+    LOGGER.info(colorstr('hyperparameters: ') + ', '.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in hyp.items()))
+    hyp['anchor_t'] = 5.0
+    opt.hyp = hyp.copy()  # for saving hyps to checkpoints
+
+    # Save run settings
+    if not evolve:
+        yaml_save(save_dir / 'hyp.yaml', hyp)
+        yaml_save(save_dir / 'opt.yaml', vars(opt))
+
+    # Loggers
+    data_dict = None
+    if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+        loggers = Loggers(save_dir, weights, opt, hyp, LOGGER)  # loggers instance
+
+        # Register actions
+        for k in methods(loggers):
+            callbacks.register_action(k, callback=getattr(loggers, k))
+
+        # Process custom dataset artifact link
+        data_dict = loggers.remote_dataset
+        if resume:  # If resuming runs from remote artifact
+            weights, epochs, hyp, batch_size = opt.weights, opt.epochs, opt.hyp, opt.batch_size
+
+    # Config
+    plots = not evolve and not opt.noplots  # create plots
+    cuda = device.type != 'cpu'
+    init_seeds(opt.seed + 1 + RANK, deterministic=True)
+    with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK):
+        data_dict = data_dict or check_dataset(data)  # check if None
+    train_path, val_path = data_dict['train'], data_dict['val']
+    nc = 1 if single_cls else int(data_dict['nc'])  # number of classes
+    names = {0: 'item'} if single_cls and len(data_dict['names']) != 1 else data_dict['names']  # class names
+    #is_coco = isinstance(val_path, str) and val_path.endswith('coco/val2017.txt')  # COCO dataset
+    is_coco = isinstance(val_path, str) and val_path.endswith('val2017.txt')  # COCO dataset
+
+    # Model
+    check_suffix(weights, '.pt')  # check weights
+    pretrained = weights.endswith('.pt')
+    if pretrained:
+        with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK):
+            weights = attempt_download(weights)  # download if not found locally
+        ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location='cpu')  # load checkpoint to CPU to avoid CUDA memory leak
+        model = Model(cfg or ckpt['model'].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
+        exclude = ['anchor'] if (cfg or hyp.get('anchors')) and not resume else []  # exclude keys
+        csd = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict()  # checkpoint state_dict as FP32
+        csd = intersect_dicts(csd, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude)  # intersect
+        model.load_state_dict(csd, strict=False)  # load
+        LOGGER.info(f'Transferred {len(csd)}/{len(model.state_dict())} items from {weights}')  # report
+    else:
+        model = Model(cfg, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
+    amp = check_amp(model)  # check AMP
+
+    # Freeze
+    freeze = [f'model.{x}.' for x in (freeze if len(freeze) > 1 else range(freeze[0]))]  # layers to freeze
+    for k, v in model.named_parameters():
+        # v.requires_grad = True  # train all layers TODO: uncomment this line as in master
+        # v.register_hook(lambda x: torch.nan_to_num(x))  # NaN to 0 (commented for erratic training results)
+        if any(x in k for x in freeze):
+            LOGGER.info(f'freezing {k}')
+            v.requires_grad = False
+
+    # Image size
+    gs = max(int(model.stride.max()), 32)  # grid size (max stride)
+    imgsz = check_img_size(opt.imgsz, gs, floor=gs * 2)  # verify imgsz is gs-multiple
+
+    # Batch size
+    if RANK == -1 and batch_size == -1:  # single-GPU only, estimate best batch size
+        batch_size = check_train_batch_size(model, imgsz, amp)
+        loggers.on_params_update({"batch_size": batch_size})
+
+    # Optimizer
+    nbs = 64  # nominal batch size
+    accumulate = max(round(nbs / batch_size), 1)  # accumulate loss before optimizing
+    hyp['weight_decay'] *= batch_size * accumulate / nbs  # scale weight_decay
+    optimizer = smart_optimizer(model, opt.optimizer, hyp['lr0'], hyp['momentum'], hyp['weight_decay'])
+
+    # Scheduler
+    if opt.cos_lr:
+        lf = one_cycle(1, hyp['lrf'], epochs)  # cosine 1->hyp['lrf']
+    elif opt.flat_cos_lr:
+        lf = one_flat_cycle(1, hyp['lrf'], epochs)  # flat cosine 1->hyp['lrf']        
+    elif opt.fixed_lr:
+        lf = lambda x: 1.0
+    else:
+        lf = lambda x: (1 - x / epochs) * (1.0 - hyp['lrf']) + hyp['lrf']  # linear
+
+    scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lf)
+    # from utils.plots import plot_lr_scheduler; plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs)
+
+    # EMA
+    ema = ModelEMA(model) if RANK in {-1, 0} else None
+
+    # Resume
+    best_fitness, start_epoch = 0.0, 0
+    if pretrained:
+        if resume:
+            best_fitness, start_epoch, epochs = smart_resume(ckpt, optimizer, ema, weights, epochs, resume)
+        del ckpt, csd
+
+    # DP mode
+    if cuda and RANK == -1 and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
+        LOGGER.warning('WARNING ⚠️ DP not recommended, use torch.distributed.run for best DDP Multi-GPU results.')
+        model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
+
+    # SyncBatchNorm
+    if opt.sync_bn and cuda and RANK != -1:
+        model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model).to(device)
+        LOGGER.info('Using SyncBatchNorm()')
+
+    # Trainloader
+    train_loader, dataset = create_dataloader(train_path,
+                                              imgsz,
+                                              batch_size // WORLD_SIZE,
+                                              gs,
+                                              single_cls,
+                                              hyp=hyp,
+                                              augment=True,
+                                              cache=None if opt.cache == 'val' else opt.cache,
+                                              rect=opt.rect,
+                                              rank=LOCAL_RANK,
+                                              workers=workers,
+                                              image_weights=opt.image_weights,
+                                              close_mosaic=opt.close_mosaic != 0,
+                                              quad=opt.quad,
+                                              prefix=colorstr('train: '),
+                                              shuffle=True,
+                                              min_items=opt.min_items)
+    labels = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)
+    mlc = int(labels[:, 0].max())  # max label class
+    assert mlc < nc, f'Label class {mlc} exceeds nc={nc} in {data}. Possible class labels are 0-{nc - 1}'
+
+    # Process 0
+    if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+        val_loader = create_dataloader(val_path,
+                                       imgsz,
+                                       batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2,
+                                       gs,
+                                       single_cls,
+                                       hyp=hyp,
+                                       cache=None if noval else opt.cache,
+                                       rect=True,
+                                       rank=-1,
+                                       workers=workers * 2,
+                                       pad=0.5,
+                                       prefix=colorstr('val: '))[0]
+
+        if not resume:
+            # if not opt.noautoanchor:
+            #     check_anchors(dataset, model=model, thr=hyp['anchor_t'], imgsz=imgsz)  # run AutoAnchor
+            model.half().float()  # pre-reduce anchor precision
+
+        callbacks.run('on_pretrain_routine_end', labels, names)
+
+    # DDP mode
+    if cuda and RANK != -1:
+        model = smart_DDP(model)
+
+    # Model attributes
+    nl = de_parallel(model).model[-1].nl  # number of detection layers (to scale hyps)
+    #hyp['box'] *= 3 / nl  # scale to layers
+    #hyp['cls'] *= nc / 80 * 3 / nl  # scale to classes and layers
+    #hyp['obj'] *= (imgsz / 640) ** 2 * 3 / nl  # scale to image size and layers
+    hyp['label_smoothing'] = opt.label_smoothing
+    model.nc = nc  # attach number of classes to model
+    model.hyp = hyp  # attach hyperparameters to model
+    model.class_weights = labels_to_class_weights(dataset.labels, nc).to(device) * nc  # attach class weights
+    model.names = names
+
+    # Start training
+    t0 = time.time()
+    nb = len(train_loader)  # number of batches
+    nw = max(round(hyp['warmup_epochs'] * nb), 100)  # number of warmup iterations, max(3 epochs, 100 iterations)
+    # nw = min(nw, (epochs - start_epoch) / 2 * nb)  # limit warmup to < 1/2 of training
+    last_opt_step = -1
+    maps = np.zeros(nc)  # mAP per class
+    results = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)  # P, R, [email protected], [email protected], val_loss(box, obj, cls)
+    scheduler.last_epoch = start_epoch - 1  # do not move
+    scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler(enabled=amp)
+    stopper, stop = EarlyStopping(patience=opt.patience), False
+    compute_loss = ComputeLoss(model)  # init loss class
+    callbacks.run('on_train_start')
+    LOGGER.info(f'Image sizes {imgsz} train, {imgsz} val\n'
+                f'Using {train_loader.num_workers * WORLD_SIZE} dataloader workers\n'
+                f"Logging results to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n"
+                f'Starting training for {epochs} epochs...')
+    for epoch in range(start_epoch, epochs):  # epoch ------------------------------------------------------------------
+        callbacks.run('on_train_epoch_start')
+        model.train()
+
+        # Update image weights (optional, single-GPU only)
+        if opt.image_weights:
+            cw = model.class_weights.cpu().numpy() * (1 - maps) ** 2 / nc  # class weights
+            iw = labels_to_image_weights(dataset.labels, nc=nc, class_weights=cw)  # image weights
+            dataset.indices = random.choices(range(dataset.n), weights=iw, k=dataset.n)  # rand weighted idx
+        if epoch == (epochs - opt.close_mosaic):
+            LOGGER.info("Closing dataloader mosaic")
+            dataset.mosaic = False
+
+        # Update mosaic border (optional)
+        # b = int(random.uniform(0.25 * imgsz, 0.75 * imgsz + gs) // gs * gs)
+        # dataset.mosaic_border = [b - imgsz, -b]  # height, width borders
+
+        mloss = torch.zeros(3, device=device)  # mean losses
+        if RANK != -1:
+            train_loader.sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
+        pbar = enumerate(train_loader)
+        LOGGER.info(('\n' + '%11s' * 7) % ('Epoch', 'GPU_mem', 'box_loss', 'cls_loss', 'dfl_loss', 'Instances', 'Size'))
+        if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+            pbar = tqdm(pbar, total=nb, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT)  # progress bar
+        optimizer.zero_grad()
+        for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in pbar:  # batch -------------------------------------------------------------
+            callbacks.run('on_train_batch_start')
+            ni = i + nb * epoch  # number integrated batches (since train start)
+            imgs = imgs.to(device, non_blocking=True).float() / 255  # uint8 to float32, 0-255 to 0.0-1.0
+
+            # Warmup
+            if ni <= nw:
+                xi = [0, nw]  # x interp
+                # compute_loss.gr = np.interp(ni, xi, [0.0, 1.0])  # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou)
+                accumulate = max(1, np.interp(ni, xi, [1, nbs / batch_size]).round())
+                for j, x in enumerate(optimizer.param_groups):
+                    # bias lr falls from 0.1 to lr0, all other lrs rise from 0.0 to lr0
+                    x['lr'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_bias_lr'] if j == 0 else 0.0, x['initial_lr'] * lf(epoch)])
+                    if 'momentum' in x:
+                        x['momentum'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_momentum'], hyp['momentum']])
+
+            # Multi-scale
+            if opt.multi_scale:
+                sz = random.randrange(imgsz * 0.5, imgsz * 1.5 + gs) // gs * gs  # size
+                sf = sz / max(imgs.shape[2:])  # scale factor
+                if sf != 1:
+                    ns = [math.ceil(x * sf / gs) * gs for x in imgs.shape[2:]]  # new shape (stretched to gs-multiple)
+                    imgs = nn.functional.interpolate(imgs, size=ns, mode='bilinear', align_corners=False)
+
+            # Forward
+            with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(amp):
+                pred = model(imgs)  # forward
+                loss, loss_items = compute_loss(pred, targets.to(device))  # loss scaled by batch_size
+                if RANK != -1:
+                    loss *= WORLD_SIZE  # gradient averaged between devices in DDP mode
+                if opt.quad:
+                    loss *= 4.
+
+            # Backward
+            scaler.scale(loss).backward()
+
+            # Optimize - https://pytorch.org/docs/master/notes/amp_examples.html
+            if ni - last_opt_step >= accumulate:
+                scaler.unscale_(optimizer)  # unscale gradients
+                torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), max_norm=10.0)  # clip gradients
+                scaler.step(optimizer)  # optimizer.step
+                scaler.update()
+                optimizer.zero_grad()
+                if ema:
+                    ema.update(model)
+                last_opt_step = ni
+
+            # Log
+            if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+                mloss = (mloss * i + loss_items) / (i + 1)  # update mean losses
+                mem = f'{torch.cuda.memory_reserved() / 1E9 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0:.3g}G'  # (GB)
+                pbar.set_description(('%11s' * 2 + '%11.4g' * 5) %
+                                     (f'{epoch}/{epochs - 1}', mem, *mloss, targets.shape[0], imgs.shape[-1]))
+                callbacks.run('on_train_batch_end', model, ni, imgs, targets, paths, list(mloss))
+                if callbacks.stop_training:
+                    return
+            # end batch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        # Scheduler
+        lr = [x['lr'] for x in optimizer.param_groups]  # for loggers
+        scheduler.step()
+
+        if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+            # mAP
+            callbacks.run('on_train_epoch_end', epoch=epoch)
+            ema.update_attr(model, include=['yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'names', 'stride', 'class_weights'])
+            final_epoch = (epoch + 1 == epochs) or stopper.possible_stop
+            if not noval or final_epoch:  # Calculate mAP
+                results, maps, _ = validate.run(data_dict,
+                                                batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2,
+                                                imgsz=imgsz,
+                                                half=amp,
+                                                model=ema.ema,
+                                                single_cls=single_cls,
+                                                dataloader=val_loader,
+                                                save_dir=save_dir,
+                                                plots=False,
+                                                callbacks=callbacks,
+                                                compute_loss=compute_loss)
+
+            # Update best mAP
+            fi = fitness(np.array(results).reshape(1, -1))  # weighted combination of [P, R, [email protected], [email protected]]
+            stop = stopper(epoch=epoch, fitness=fi)  # early stop check
+            if fi > best_fitness:
+                best_fitness = fi
+            log_vals = list(mloss) + list(results) + lr
+            callbacks.run('on_fit_epoch_end', log_vals, epoch, best_fitness, fi)
+
+            # Save model
+            if (not nosave) or (final_epoch and not evolve):  # if save
+                ckpt = {
+                    'epoch': epoch,
+                    'best_fitness': best_fitness,
+                    'model': deepcopy(de_parallel(model)).half(),
+                    'ema': deepcopy(ema.ema).half(),
+                    'updates': ema.updates,
+                    'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
+                    'opt': vars(opt),
+                    'git': GIT_INFO,  # {remote, branch, commit} if a git repo
+                    'date': datetime.now().isoformat()}
+
+                # Save last, best and delete
+                torch.save(ckpt, last)
+                if best_fitness == fi:
+                    torch.save(ckpt, best)
+                if opt.save_period > 0 and epoch % opt.save_period == 0:
+                    torch.save(ckpt, w / f'epoch{epoch}.pt')
+                del ckpt
+                callbacks.run('on_model_save', last, epoch, final_epoch, best_fitness, fi)
+
+        # EarlyStopping
+        if RANK != -1:  # if DDP training
+            broadcast_list = [stop if RANK == 0 else None]
+            dist.broadcast_object_list(broadcast_list, 0)  # broadcast 'stop' to all ranks
+            if RANK != 0:
+                stop = broadcast_list[0]
+        if stop:
+            break  # must break all DDP ranks
+
+        # end epoch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # end training -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+        LOGGER.info(f'\n{epoch - start_epoch + 1} epochs completed in {(time.time() - t0) / 3600:.3f} hours.')
+        for f in last, best:
+            if f.exists():
+                if f is last:
+                    strip_optimizer(f, last_striped)  # strip optimizers
+                else:
+                    strip_optimizer(f, best_striped)  # strip optimizers
+                if f is best:
+                    LOGGER.info(f'\nValidating {f}...')
+                    results, _, _ = validate.run(
+                        data_dict,
+                        batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2,
+                        imgsz=imgsz,
+                        model=attempt_load(f, device).half(),
+                        single_cls=single_cls,
+                        dataloader=val_loader,
+                        save_dir=save_dir,
+                        save_json=is_coco,
+                        verbose=True,
+                        plots=plots,
+                        callbacks=callbacks,
+                        compute_loss=compute_loss)  # val best model with plots
+                    if is_coco:
+                        callbacks.run('on_fit_epoch_end', list(mloss) + list(results) + lr, epoch, best_fitness, fi)
+
+        callbacks.run('on_train_end', last, best, epoch, results)
+
+    torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+    return results
+
+
+def parse_opt(known=False):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    # parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default=ROOT / 'yolo.pt', help='initial weights path')
+    # parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='', help='model.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='', help='initial weights path')
+    parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='yolo.yaml', help='model.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/coco128.yaml', help='dataset.yaml path')
+    parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/hyps/hyp.scratch-low.yaml', help='hyperparameters path')
+    parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=100, help='total training epochs')
+    parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=16, help='total batch size for all GPUs, -1 for autobatch')
+    parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', type=int, default=640, help='train, val image size (pixels)')
+    parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training')
+    parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='resume most recent training')
+    parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint')
+    parser.add_argument('--noval', action='store_true', help='only validate final epoch')
+    parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable AutoAnchor')
+    parser.add_argument('--noplots', action='store_true', help='save no plot files')
+    parser.add_argument('--evolve', type=int, nargs='?', const=300, help='evolve hyperparameters for x generations')
+    parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket')
+    parser.add_argument('--cache', type=str, nargs='?', const='ram', help='image --cache ram/disk')
+    parser.add_argument('--image-weights', action='store_true', help='use weighted image selection for training')
+    parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu')
+    parser.add_argument('--multi-scale', action='store_true', help='vary img-size +/- 50%%')
+    parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='train multi-class data as single-class')
+    parser.add_argument('--optimizer', type=str, choices=['SGD', 'Adam', 'AdamW', 'LION'], default='SGD', help='optimizer')
+    parser.add_argument('--sync-bn', action='store_true', help='use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode')
+    parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=8, help='max dataloader workers (per RANK in DDP mode)')
+    parser.add_argument('--project', default=ROOT / 'runs/train', help='save to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--name', default='exp', help='save to project/name')
+    parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment')
+    parser.add_argument('--quad', action='store_true', help='quad dataloader')
+    parser.add_argument('--cos-lr', action='store_true', help='cosine LR scheduler')
+    parser.add_argument('--flat-cos-lr', action='store_true', help='flat cosine LR scheduler')
+    parser.add_argument('--fixed-lr', action='store_true', help='fixed LR scheduler')
+    parser.add_argument('--label-smoothing', type=float, default=0.0, help='Label smoothing epsilon')
+    parser.add_argument('--patience', type=int, default=100, help='EarlyStopping patience (epochs without improvement)')
+    parser.add_argument('--freeze', nargs='+', type=int, default=[0], help='Freeze layers: backbone=10, first3=0 1 2')
+    parser.add_argument('--save-period', type=int, default=-1, help='Save checkpoint every x epochs (disabled if < 1)')
+    parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=0, help='Global training seed')
+    parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='Automatic DDP Multi-GPU argument, do not modify')
+    parser.add_argument('--min-items', type=int, default=0, help='Experimental')
+    parser.add_argument('--close-mosaic', type=int, default=0, help='Experimental')
+
+    # Logger arguments
+    parser.add_argument('--entity', default=None, help='Entity')
+    parser.add_argument('--upload_dataset', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='Upload data, "val" option')
+    parser.add_argument('--bbox_interval', type=int, default=-1, help='Set bounding-box image logging interval')
+    parser.add_argument('--artifact_alias', type=str, default='latest', help='Version of dataset artifact to use')
+
+    return parser.parse_known_args()[0] if known else parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main(opt, callbacks=Callbacks()):
+    # Checks
+    if RANK in {-1, 0}:
+        print_args(vars(opt))
+
+    # Resume (from specified or most recent last.pt)
+    if opt.resume and not check_comet_resume(opt) and not opt.evolve:
+        last = Path(check_file(opt.resume) if isinstance(opt.resume, str) else get_latest_run())
+        opt_yaml = last.parent.parent / 'opt.yaml'  # train options yaml
+        opt_data = opt.data  # original dataset
+        if opt_yaml.is_file():
+            with open(opt_yaml, errors='ignore') as f:
+                d = yaml.safe_load(f)
+        else:
+            d = torch.load(last, map_location='cpu')['opt']
+        opt = argparse.Namespace(**d)  # replace
+        opt.cfg, opt.weights, opt.resume = '', str(last), True  # reinstate
+        if is_url(opt_data):
+            opt.data = check_file(opt_data)  # avoid HUB resume auth timeout
+    else:
+        opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.hyp, opt.weights, opt.project = \
+            check_file(opt.data), check_yaml(opt.cfg), check_yaml(opt.hyp), str(opt.weights), str(opt.project)  # checks
+        assert len(opt.cfg) or len(opt.weights), 'either --cfg or --weights must be specified'
+        if opt.evolve:
+            if opt.project == str(ROOT / 'runs/train'):  # if default project name, rename to runs/evolve
+                opt.project = str(ROOT / 'runs/evolve')
+            opt.exist_ok, opt.resume = opt.resume, False  # pass resume to exist_ok and disable resume
+        if opt.name == 'cfg':
+            opt.name = Path(opt.cfg).stem  # use model.yaml as name
+        opt.save_dir = str(increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok))
+
+    # DDP mode
+    device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=opt.batch_size)
+    if LOCAL_RANK != -1:
+        msg = 'is not compatible with YOLO Multi-GPU DDP training'
+        assert not opt.image_weights, f'--image-weights {msg}'
+        assert not opt.evolve, f'--evolve {msg}'
+        assert opt.batch_size != -1, f'AutoBatch with --batch-size -1 {msg}, please pass a valid --batch-size'
+        assert opt.batch_size % WORLD_SIZE == 0, f'--batch-size {opt.batch_size} must be multiple of WORLD_SIZE'
+        assert torch.cuda.device_count() > LOCAL_RANK, 'insufficient CUDA devices for DDP command'
+        torch.cuda.set_device(LOCAL_RANK)
+        device = torch.device('cuda', LOCAL_RANK)
+        dist.init_process_group(backend="nccl" if dist.is_nccl_available() else "gloo")
+
+    # Train
+    if not opt.evolve:
+        train(opt.hyp, opt, device, callbacks)
+
+    # Evolve hyperparameters (optional)
+    else:
+        # Hyperparameter evolution metadata (mutation scale 0-1, lower_limit, upper_limit)
+        meta = {
+            'lr0': (1, 1e-5, 1e-1),  # initial learning rate (SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3)
+            'lrf': (1, 0.01, 1.0),  # final OneCycleLR learning rate (lr0 * lrf)
+            'momentum': (0.3, 0.6, 0.98),  # SGD momentum/Adam beta1
+            'weight_decay': (1, 0.0, 0.001),  # optimizer weight decay
+            'warmup_epochs': (1, 0.0, 5.0),  # warmup epochs (fractions ok)
+            'warmup_momentum': (1, 0.0, 0.95),  # warmup initial momentum
+            'warmup_bias_lr': (1, 0.0, 0.2),  # warmup initial bias lr
+            'box': (1, 0.02, 0.2),  # box loss gain
+            'cls': (1, 0.2, 4.0),  # cls loss gain
+            'cls_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0),  # cls BCELoss positive_weight
+            'obj': (1, 0.2, 4.0),  # obj loss gain (scale with pixels)
+            'obj_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0),  # obj BCELoss positive_weight
+            'iou_t': (0, 0.1, 0.7),  # IoU training threshold
+            'anchor_t': (1, 2.0, 8.0),  # anchor-multiple threshold
+            'anchors': (2, 2.0, 10.0),  # anchors per output grid (0 to ignore)
+            'fl_gamma': (0, 0.0, 2.0),  # focal loss gamma (efficientDet default gamma=1.5)
+            'hsv_h': (1, 0.0, 0.1),  # image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction)
+            'hsv_s': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction)
+            'hsv_v': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction)
+            'degrees': (1, 0.0, 45.0),  # image rotation (+/- deg)
+            'translate': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image translation (+/- fraction)
+            'scale': (1, 0.0, 0.9),  # image scale (+/- gain)
+            'shear': (1, 0.0, 10.0),  # image shear (+/- deg)
+            'perspective': (0, 0.0, 0.001),  # image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001
+            'flipud': (1, 0.0, 1.0),  # image flip up-down (probability)
+            'fliplr': (0, 0.0, 1.0),  # image flip left-right (probability)
+            'mosaic': (1, 0.0, 1.0),  # image mixup (probability)
+            'mixup': (1, 0.0, 1.0),  # image mixup (probability)
+            'copy_paste': (1, 0.0, 1.0)}  # segment copy-paste (probability)
+
+        with open(opt.hyp, errors='ignore') as f:
+            hyp = yaml.safe_load(f)  # load hyps dict
+            if 'anchors' not in hyp:  # anchors commented in hyp.yaml
+                hyp['anchors'] = 3
+        if opt.noautoanchor:
+            del hyp['anchors'], meta['anchors']
+        opt.noval, opt.nosave, save_dir = True, True, Path(opt.save_dir)  # only val/save final epoch
+        # ei = [isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in hyp.values()]  # evolvable indices
+        evolve_yaml, evolve_csv = save_dir / 'hyp_evolve.yaml', save_dir / 'evolve.csv'
+        if opt.bucket:
+            os.system(f'gsutil cp gs://{opt.bucket}/evolve.csv {evolve_csv}')  # download evolve.csv if exists
+
+        for _ in range(opt.evolve):  # generations to evolve
+            if evolve_csv.exists():  # if evolve.csv exists: select best hyps and mutate
+                # Select parent(s)
+                parent = 'single'  # parent selection method: 'single' or 'weighted'
+                x = np.loadtxt(evolve_csv, ndmin=2, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
+                n = min(5, len(x))  # number of previous results to consider
+                x = x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))][:n]  # top n mutations
+                w = fitness(x) - fitness(x).min() + 1E-6  # weights (sum > 0)
+                if parent == 'single' or len(x) == 1:
+                    # x = x[random.randint(0, n - 1)]  # random selection
+                    x = x[random.choices(range(n), weights=w)[0]]  # weighted selection
+                elif parent == 'weighted':
+                    x = (x * w.reshape(n, 1)).sum(0) / w.sum()  # weighted combination
+
+                # Mutate
+                mp, s = 0.8, 0.2  # mutation probability, sigma
+                npr = np.random
+                npr.seed(int(time.time()))
+                g = np.array([meta[k][0] for k in hyp.keys()])  # gains 0-1
+                ng = len(meta)
+                v = np.ones(ng)
+                while all(v == 1):  # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
+                    v = (g * (npr.random(ng) < mp) * npr.randn(ng) * npr.random() * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0)
+                for i, k in enumerate(hyp.keys()):  # plt.hist(v.ravel(), 300)
+                    hyp[k] = float(x[i + 7] * v[i])  # mutate
+
+            # Constrain to limits
+            for k, v in meta.items():
+                hyp[k] = max(hyp[k], v[1])  # lower limit
+                hyp[k] = min(hyp[k], v[2])  # upper limit
+                hyp[k] = round(hyp[k], 5)  # significant digits
+
+            # Train mutation
+            results = train(hyp.copy(), opt, device, callbacks)
+            callbacks = Callbacks()
+            # Write mutation results
+            keys = ('metrics/precision', 'metrics/recall', 'metrics/mAP_0.5', 'metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95', 'val/box_loss',
+                    'val/obj_loss', 'val/cls_loss')
+            print_mutation(keys, results, hyp.copy(), save_dir, opt.bucket)
+
+        # Plot results
+        plot_evolve(evolve_csv)
+        LOGGER.info(f'Hyperparameter evolution finished {opt.evolve} generations\n'
+                    f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n"
+                    f'Usage example: $ python train.py --hyp {evolve_yaml}')
+
+
+def run(**kwargs):
+    # Usage: import train; train.run(data='coco128.yaml', imgsz=320, weights='yolo.pt')
+    opt = parse_opt(True)
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        setattr(opt, k, v)
+    main(opt)
+    return opt
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    opt = parse_opt()
+    main(opt)