diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore deleted file mode 100644 index cb1d57cd65b07417ec0c62c600cb5b92c86ab00c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.dockerignore +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -**/.git -**/.gitignore -**/.vscode -**/coverage -**/.aws -**/.ssh -**/.terraform -Dockerfile -README.md -docker-compose.yml -**/.DS_Store -**/venv -**/env \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example deleted file mode 100644 index 01aa2f1811a6c61a76de7d1f292d6ad117cfb13a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.env.example +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -HF_TOKEN_PATRICK=hf_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -ZOTERO_LIBRARY_ID=1120xxxx -ZOTERO_API_ACCESS_KEY=Ky5RGxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx -GRADIO_URL_=http://gradio:7860/ - diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8 deleted file mode 100644 index 1a813c1cea408637d48f89519349f46721597774..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.flake8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -[flake8] - ignore = D203, E402, F403, F405, W503, W605 - exclude = .git,env,__pycache__,docs/source/conf.py,old,build,dist, *migrations*,env,venv,alembic - max-complexity = 10 - max-line-length = 119 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index 8cff76165a6ac206bcf3e0d4a8481d7dd48f24c3..4e5cd6cb5d248b3de21ffbfbf8a6947e904f7f6a 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -36,4 +36,3 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *db* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text vaccine_coverage_study.db filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.db filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore deleted file mode 100644 index 65369f44ba2af79c102bcfb20ba166d3f34f3f3e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.gitignore +++ /dev/null @@ -1,187 +0,0 @@ -### Python ### -# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files -__pycache__/ -*.py[cod] -*$py.class - -# C extensions -*.so - -# Distribution / packaging -.Python -build/ -develop-eggs/ -dist/ -downloads/ -eggs/ -.eggs/ -lib/ -lib64/ -parts/ -sdist/ -var/ -wheels/ -share/python-wheels/ -*.egg-info/ -.installed.cfg -*.egg -MANIFEST - -# PyInstaller -# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template -# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. -*.manifest -*.spec - -# Installer logs -pip-log.txt -pip-delete-this-directory.txt - -# Unit test / coverage reports -htmlcov/ -.tox/ -.nox/ -.coverage -.coverage.* -.cache -nosetests.xml -coverage.xml -*.cover -*.py,cover -.hypothesis/ -.pytest_cache/ -cover/ - -# Translations -*.mo -*.pot - -# Django stuff: -*.log -local_settings.py -db.sqlite3 -db.sqlite3-journal - -# Flask stuff: -instance/ -.webassets-cache - -# Scrapy stuff: -.scrapy - -# Sphinx documentation -docs/_build/ - -# PyBuilder -.pybuilder/ -target/ - -# Jupyter Notebook -.ipynb_checkpoints - -# IPython -profile_default/ -ipython_config.py - -# pyenv -# For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is -# intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in: -# .python-version - -# pipenv -# According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. -# However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies -# having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not -# install all needed dependencies. -#Pipfile.lock - -# poetry -# Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control. -# This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more -# commonly ignored for libraries. -# https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control -#poetry.lock - -# pdm -# Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control. -#pdm.lock -# pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it -# in version control. -# https://pdm.fming.dev/latest/usage/project/#working-with-version-control -.pdm.toml -.pdm-python -.pdm-build/ - -# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm -__pypackages__/ - -# Celery stuff -celerybeat-schedule -celerybeat.pid - -# SageMath parsed files -*.sage.py - -# Environments -.env -.venv -env/ -venv/ -ENV/ -env.bak/ -venv.bak/ - - -yes -*.pub - - -# Spyder project settings -.spyderproject -.spyproject - -# Rope project settings -.ropeproject - -# mkdocs documentation -/site - -# mypy -.mypy_cache/ -.dmypy.json -dmypy.json - -# Pyre type checker -.pyre/ - -# pytype static type analyzer -.pytype/ - -# Cython debug symbols -cython_debug/ - -# PyCharm -# JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can -# be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore -# and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file. For a more nuclear -# option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder. -#.idea/ - -### Python Patch ### -# Poetry local configuration file - https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#local-configuration -poetry.toml - -# ruff -.ruff_cache/ - -# LSP config files -pyrightconfig.json - -# data -data/ -study_export_* -study_files.db -# study_files.json - -infra/ecs_config.toml -aws-cli.pdf diff --git a/.gradio/certificate.pem b/.gradio/certificate.pem deleted file mode 100644 index b85c8037f6b60976b2546fdbae88312c5246d9a3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.gradio/certificate.pem +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ ------BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- -MIIFazCCA1OgAwIBAgIRAIIQz7DSQONZRGPgu2OCiwAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAw -TzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxKTAnBgNVBAoTIEludGVybmV0IFNlY3VyaXR5IFJlc2Vh -cmNoIEdyb3VwMRUwEwYDVQQDEwxJU1JHIFJvb3QgWDEwHhcNMTUwNjA0MTEwNDM4 -WhcNMzUwNjA0MTEwNDM4WjBPMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEpMCcGA1UEChMgSW50ZXJu -ZXQgU2VjdXJpdHkgUmVzZWFyY2ggR3JvdXAxFTATBgNVBAMTDElTUkcgUm9vdCBY -MTCCAiIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBAK3oJHP0FDfzm54rVygc -h77ct984kIxuPOZXoHj3dcKi/vVqbvYATyjb3miGbESTtrFj/RQSa78f0uoxmyF+ -0TM8ukj13Xnfs7j/EvEhmkvBioZxaUpmZmyPfjxwv60pIgbz5MDmgK7iS4+3mX6U -A5/TR5d8mUgjU+g4rk8Kb4Mu0UlXjIB0ttov0DiNewNwIRt18jA8+o+u3dpjq+sW -T8KOEUt+zwvo/7V3LvSye0rgTBIlDHCNAymg4VMk7BPZ7hm/ELNKjD+Jo2FR3qyH -B5T0Y3HsLuJvW5iB4YlcNHlsdu87kGJ55tukmi8mxdAQ4Q7e2RCOFvu396j3x+UC -B5iPNgiV5+I3lg02dZ77DnKxHZu8A/lJBdiB3QW0KtZB6awBdpUKD9jf1b0SHzUv -KBds0pjBqAlkd25HN7rOrFleaJ1/ctaJxQZBKT5ZPt0m9STJEadao0xAH0ahmbWn -OlFuhjuefXKnEgV4We0+UXgVCwOPjdAvBbI+e0ocS3MFEvzG6uBQE3xDk3SzynTn -jh8BCNAw1FtxNrQHusEwMFxIt4I7mKZ9YIqioymCzLq9gwQbooMDQaHWBfEbwrbw -qHyGO0aoSCqI3Haadr8faqU9GY/rOPNk3sgrDQoo//fb4hVC1CLQJ13hef4Y53CI -rU7m2Ys6xt0nUW7/vGT1M0NPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNV -HRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBR5tFnme7bl5AFzgAiIyBpY9umbbjANBgkq -hkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAgEAVR9YqbyyqFDQDLHYGmkgJykIrGF1XIpu+ILlaS/V9lZL -ubhzEFnTIZd+50xx+7LSYK05qAvqFyFWhfFQDlnrzuBZ6brJFe+GnY+EgPbk6ZGQ -3BebYhtF8GaV0nxvwuo77x/Py9auJ/GpsMiu/X1+mvoiBOv/2X/qkSsisRcOj/KK -NFtY2PwByVS5uCbMiogziUwthDyC3+6WVwW6LLv3xLfHTjuCvjHIInNzktHCgKQ5 -ORAzI4JMPJ+GslWYHb4phowim57iaztXOoJwTdwJx4nLCgdNbOhdjsnvzqvHu7Ur -TkXWStAmzOVyyghqpZXjFaH3pO3JLF+l+/+sKAIuvtd7u+Nxe5AW0wdeRlN8NwdC -jNPElpzVmbUq4JUagEiuTDkHzsxHpFKVK7q4+63SM1N95R1NbdWhscdCb+ZAJzVc -oyi3B43njTOQ5yOf+1CceWxG1bQVs5ZufpsMljq4Ui0/1lvh+wjChP4kqKOJ2qxq -4RgqsahDYVvTH9w7jXbyLeiNdd8XM2w9U/t7y0Ff/9yi0GE44Za4rF2LN9d11TPA -mRGunUHBcnWEvgJBQl9nJEiU0Zsnvgc/ubhPgXRR4Xq37Z0j4r7g1SgEEzwxA57d -emyPxgcYxn/eR44/KJ4EBs+lVDR3veyJm+kXQ99b21/+jh5Xos1AnX5iItreGCc= ------END CERTIFICATE----- diff --git a/.isort.cfg b/.isort.cfg deleted file mode 100644 index 742448f7a4946374bedc3cc6aa964e23778f8149..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/.isort.cfg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -[settings] -multi_line_output=3 -include_trailing_comma=True -force_grid_wrap=0 -use_parentheses=True -line_length=88 -skip=env,migrations,alembic,venv \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Dockerfile.api b/Dockerfile.api deleted file mode 100644 index 84f225cbbc6a4b9f32ddf2cdb3810ef44810e10d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Dockerfile.api +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# FastAPI Dockerfile -FROM python:3.11.10-slim - -ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 -ENV OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 - -# Set working directory -WORKDIR /app - -# Copy app files -COPY requirements.txt ./ -RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -COPY . . - -# Expose port -EXPOSE 8000 - -# Command to run the FastAPI app -CMD ["uvicorn", "api:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"] diff --git a/Dockerfile.api.prod b/Dockerfile.api.prod deleted file mode 100644 index 3fa4b0045b94d3cccee54da4496b3f7749279125..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Dockerfile.api.prod +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -########### -# BUILDER # -########### - -ARG AWS_ACCOUNT_ID - -# pull official base image -FROM ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gradio-python:3.11.10-slim as builder - -# set work directory -WORKDIR /app - -# set environment variables -ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1 -ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1 -ENV OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 - - -# install dependencies -RUN apt-get update \ - && apt-get -y install libpq-dev gcc \ - && pip install psycopg - -RUN pip install --upgrade pip -COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt -RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --no-deps --wheel-dir /app/wheels -r requirements.txt - -######### -# FINAL # -######### - -ARG AWS_ACCOUNT_ID - -# pull official base image -FROM ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gradio-python:3.11.10-slim - -# create directory for the app user -RUN mkdir -p /home/backend-app - -# create the app user -RUN addgroup --system app && adduser --system --group app - -# create the appropriate directories -ENV HOME=/home/app -ENV BACKEND_APP_HOME=/home/app -# RUN mkdir $BACKEND_APP_HOME -WORKDIR $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# install dependencies -RUN apt-get update \ - && apt-get -y install libpq-dev gcc \ - && pip install psycopg - -COPY --from=builder /app/wheels /wheels -COPY --from=builder /app/requirements.txt . -RUN pip install --upgrade pip -RUN pip install --no-cache /wheels/* - -# copy project -COPY . $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# chown all the files to the app user -RUN chown -R app:app $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# change to the app user -USER app - -## Expose port -EXPOSE 8000 - -# Command to run the FastAPI app -CMD ["uvicorn", "api:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Dockerfile.gradio b/Dockerfile.gradio deleted file mode 100644 index 39c86dd5421277f0a12e5c89511359be223ce38d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Dockerfile.gradio +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# Gradio Dockerfile -FROM python:3.11.10-slim - -ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 -ENV OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 - -# Set working directory -WORKDIR /app - -# Copy app files -COPY requirements.txt ./ -RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -COPY . . - -# Expose port -EXPOSE 7860 -ENV GRADIO_SERVER_NAME="0.0.0.0" - -# Command to run the Gradio app -CMD ["gradio", "app.py"] -# CMD ["python", "app.py"] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Dockerfile.gradio.prod b/Dockerfile.gradio.prod deleted file mode 100644 index 4168a40c6a07cc3e40a91c7719e1796fa44bb977..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Dockerfile.gradio.prod +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -########### -# BUILDER # -########### - -ARG AWS_ACCOUNT_ID - -# pull official base image -FROM ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gradio-python:3.11.10-slim as builder - -# set work directory -WORKDIR /app - -# set environment variables -ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1 -ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1 -ENV OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 - - -# install dependencies -RUN apt-get update \ - && apt-get -y install libpq-dev gcc \ - && pip install psycopg - -RUN pip install --upgrade pip -COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt -RUN pip wheel --no-cache-dir --no-deps --wheel-dir /app/wheels -r requirements.txt - -######### -# FINAL # -######### - -ARG AWS_ACCOUNT_ID - -# pull official base image -FROM ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gradio-python:3.11.10-slim - -# create directory for the app user -RUN mkdir -p /home/backend-app - -# create the app user -RUN addgroup --system app && adduser --system --group app - -# create the appropriate directories -ENV HOME=/home/app -ENV BACKEND_APP_HOME=/home/app -# RUN mkdir $BACKEND_APP_HOME -WORKDIR $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# install dependencies -RUN apt-get update \ - && apt-get -y install libpq-dev gcc \ - && pip install psycopg - -COPY --from=builder /app/wheels /wheels -COPY --from=builder /app/requirements.txt . -RUN pip install --upgrade pip -RUN pip install --no-cache /wheels/* - -# copy project -COPY . $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# chown all the files to the app user -RUN chown -R app:app $BACKEND_APP_HOME - -# change to the app user -USER app - -# Expose port -EXPOSE 7860 -ENV GRADIO_SERVER_NAME="0.0.0.0" - -CMD ["gradio", "app.py"] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index e132fbbde960a577953cad186a93ca43430a91a2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -.PHONY: lint-apply lint-check - -lint-check: - @echo "Checking for lint errors..." - flake8 . - black --check . - isort --check-only . - -lint-apply: - @echo "apply linting ..." - black . - isort . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 83e101a22db449c853f2098338af9a9e7b559ff0..bc448ab43c620da7ee0f7d9b2b2433f0bce5a0ec 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,241 +1,13 @@ --- -title: 'ACRES: Center For Rapid Evidence Synthesis' +title: Acres emoji: 👁 colorFrom: gray colorTo: pink sdk: gradio -sdk_version: 5.6.0 +sdk_version: 4.42.0 app_file: app.py pinned: false license: apache-2.0 --- Check out the configuration reference at https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-config-reference - - -# ACRES RAG Project - -## Project Setup - -To test and run the project locally. Clone the project from github and change directoory to `acres`. - -```sh -git clone https://github.com/SunbirdAI/acres.git -cd acres -``` - -Create python virtual environment and activate it. - -```sh -python -m venv env -source env/bin/activate -``` - -Install project dependencies - -```sh -pip install -r requirements.txt -``` - -## Run project locally -To test the project locally follow the steps below. - -Copy `.env.example` to `.env` and provide the correct enviroment variable values. - -```sh -cp .env.example .env -``` - -Run the application - -```sh -python app.py -``` - -OR - -```sh -gradio app.py -``` - -Browse the application with the link `http://localhost:7860/` - -### Run the api -Make sure the gradio app is running on port `7860` and then run the command below in another terminal tab in the same directory. - -```sh -uvicorn api:app --reload -``` - -Browse the api at `http://localhost:8000/docs` - - -## Run with docker -To run the application with docker locally, first make sure you have docker installed. See [link](https://docs.docker.com/) - -Build the project docker image - -```sh -docker build -f Dockerfile.gradio -t gradio-app . -``` - -Create docker network - -```sh -docker network create gradio-fastapi-network -``` - -Run the docker container - -```sh -docker run -it -p 7860:7860 --rm --name gradio --network=gradio-fastapi-network gradio-app -``` - -Browse the application with the link `http://localhost:7860/` - -To run the api with docker run the commands below. The gradio container should be run first before running the api. - -```sh -docker build -f Dockerfile.api -t fastapi-app . -docker run -it -p 8000:8000 --rm --name fastapi --network=gradio-fastapi-network fastapi-app -``` - -Browse the api at `http://localhost:8000/docs` - - -## Deploy to AWS ECS (Elastic Container Service) with Fargate - -Install and configure the AWS CLI and aws credentials. See [link](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-welcome.html) - -OR: See the pdf document [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pdfs/cli/latest/userguide/aws-cli.pdf#getting-started-quickstart) - -Now follow the steps below to deploy to AWS ECS - -Setup the default region and your aws account id - -```sh -export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=region # i.e us-east-1, eu-west-1 -export AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=aws_account_id # ie. 2243838xxxxxx -``` - -Login into the AWS ECR (Elastic Container Registry) via the commandline - -```sh -aws ecr get-login-password --region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin "$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com" -``` - -Create a python image and push to ECR. This image will be used as the base image for the application image deployed on AWS ECS. - -- Create python repository - -```sh -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name gradio-python \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE -``` - -```sh -export ECR_PYTHON_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/gradio-python" -echo $ECR_PYTHON_URL -``` - -- Pull python image and tag it to the ECR url - -```sh -docker pull python:3.11.10-slim -docker tag python:3.11.10-slim $ECR_PYTHON_URL:3.11.10-slim - -docker push $ECR_PYTHON_URL:3.11.10-slim -``` - -- Now create application repostory - -```sh -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name gradio-app-prod \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE - -export ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/gradio-app-prod" -echo $ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL -``` - -- Build the docker image for the production and push to ECR - -```sh -docker build --build-arg AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID -f Dockerfile.gradio.prod -t gradio-app-prod . -docker tag gradio-app-prod:latest "${ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL}:latest" -docker push "${ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL}:latest" -``` - -- Now create fastapi repostory - -```sh -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name fastapi-api-prod \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE - -export ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/fastapi-api-prod" -echo $ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL -``` - -- Build the docker image for the production and push to ECR - -```sh -docker build --build-arg AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID -f Dockerfile.api.prod -t fastapi-api-prod . -docker tag fastapi-api-prod:latest "${ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL}:latest" -docker push "${ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL}:latest" -``` - -### Setup and Provision AWS ECS infra using AWS Cloudformation (IaC) - -#### Install -To install the CFN-CLI run the command below - -```sh -pip install cloudformation-cli cloudformation-cli-java-plugin cloudformation-cli-go-plugin cloudformation-cli-python-plugin cloudformation-cli-typescript-plugin -``` - -#### CFN-Toml - -```sh -gem install cfn-toml -``` - - -Copy `infra/ecs_config.template` to `infra/ecs_config.toml` and provide the correct `AWS Account ID` for the `ContainerImageGradio` - -```sh -cp infra/ecs_config.template infra/ecs_config.toml -``` - - -#### Deploy - -To deploy the ECS infra run the commands below. It provisions the cloudformation stack changeset for review. - -Log into your aws console and search for `cloudformation`. See and review the changeset. If everything is good execute the changeset to finish with the infra deployment. - -Then look for the outputs to the link for the deployed application. - -```sh -chmod u+x bin/cfn/* -./bin/cfn/ecs-deploy -``` - -#### Update Task Definition Deployments -After making changes, build the docker images and then push to ECR. - -To update the task definition deployments, force the new deployment by running the commands below - -For the gradio task definition - -```sh -./bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-gradio -``` - -For the api task definition - -```sh -./bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-api -``` - diff --git a/__pycache__/config.cpython-311.pyc b/__pycache__/config.cpython-311.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d241c1540a7c32b3405c9899b2b76dbea8d6654a Binary files /dev/null and b/__pycache__/config.cpython-311.pyc differ diff --git a/api.py b/api.py deleted file mode 100644 index 65ab6b34aa6f2a18a57e8225493a408dff36f1ef..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/api.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,134 +0,0 @@ -import logging -import os -from enum import Enum -from typing import List, Optional, Union - -from dotenv import load_dotenv -from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException -from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware -from fastapi.responses import FileResponse -from gradio_client import Client -from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, constr - -from docs import description, tags_metadata - -load_dotenv() -logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -GRADIO_URL = os.getenv("GRADIO_URL", "http://localhost:7860/") -logger.info(f"GRADIO_URL: {GRADIO_URL}") -client = Client(GRADIO_URL) - -app = FastAPI( - title="ACRES RAG API", - description=description, - openapi_tags=tags_metadata, -) - -origins = ["*"] - -app.add_middleware( - CORSMiddleware, - allow_origins=origins, - allow_credentials=True, - allow_methods=["*"], - allow_headers=["*"], -) - - -class StudyVariables(str, Enum): - ebola_virus = "Ebola Virus" - vaccine_coverage = "Vaccine coverage" - genexpert = "GeneXpert" - - -class PromptType(str, Enum): - default = "Default" - highlight = "Highlight" - evidence_based = "Evidence-based" - - -class StudyVariableRequest(BaseModel): - study_variable: Union[StudyVariables, str] - prompt_type: PromptType - text: constr(min_length=1, strip_whitespace=True) # type: ignore - - model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True) - - -class DownloadCSV(BaseModel): - text: constr(min_length=1, strip_whitespace=True) # type: ignore - - model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True) - - -class Study(BaseModel): - study_name: constr(min_length=1, strip_whitespace=True) # type: ignore - - model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True) - - -class ZoteroCredentials(BaseModel): - library_id: constr(min_length=1, strip_whitespace=True) # type: ignore - api_access_key: constr(min_length=1, strip_whitespace=True) # type: ignore - - model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True) - - -@app.post("/process_zotero_library_items", tags=["zotero"]) -def process_zotero_library_items(zotero_credentials: ZoteroCredentials): - result = client.predict( - zotero_library_id_param=zotero_credentials.library_id, - zotero_api_access_key=zotero_credentials.api_access_key, - api_name="/process_zotero_library_items", - ) - return {"result": result} - - -@app.post("/get_study_info", tags=["zotero"]) -def get_study_info(study: Study): - result = client.predict(study_name=study.study_name, api_name="/get_study_info") - # print(result) - return {"result": result} - - -@app.post("/study_variables", tags=["zotero"]) -def process_study_variables( - study_request: StudyVariableRequest, -): - result = client.predict( - text=study_request.text, # "study id, study title, study design, study summary", - study_name=study_request.study_variable, # "Ebola Virus", - prompt_type=study_request.prompt_type, # "Default", - api_name="/process_multi_input", - ) - print(type(result)) - return {"result": result[0]} - - -@app.post("/new_study_choices", tags=["zotero"]) -def new_study_choices(): - result = client.predict(api_name="/new_study_choices") - return {"result": result} - - -@app.post("/download_csv", tags=["zotero"]) -def download_csv(download_request: DownloadCSV): - result = client.predict( - markdown_content=download_request.text, api_name="/download_as_csv" - ) - print(result) - - file_path = result - if not file_path or not os.path.exists(file_path): - raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="File not found") - - # Use FileResponse to send the file to the client - return FileResponse( - file_path, - media_type="text/csv", # Specify the correct MIME type for CSV - filename=os.path.basename( - file_path - ), # Provide a default filename for the download - ) diff --git a/app.py b/app.py index 40f7b16ece58bce4bd63a2c798920c43395200b9..7bc76be59192da0d4664b0be23f67f251b822d14 100644 --- a/app.py +++ b/app.py @@ -1,687 +1,102 @@ -# app.py - -import csv -import datetime -# from datetime import datetime -import io -import json -import logging -import os -from typing import Any, List, Tuple, Union - import gradio as gr -import openai -from cachetools import LRUCache -from dotenv import load_dotenv -from slugify import slugify - -from config import OPENAI_API_KEY, STUDY_FILES -from interface import create_chat_interface +import json from rag.rag_pipeline import RAGPipeline -from utils.db import ( - add_study_files_to_db, - create_db_and_tables, - get_all_study_files, - get_study_file_by_name, - get_study_files_by_library_id, -) -from utils.helpers import ( - add_study_files_to_chromadb, - append_to_study_files, - chromadb_client, - create_directory, +from utils.prompts import highlight_prompt, evidence_based_prompt +from utils.prompts import ( + sample_questions, ) -from utils.pdf_processor import PDFProcessor -from utils.prompts import evidence_based_prompt, highlight_prompt -from utils.zotero_manager import ZoteroManager - -data_directory = "data" -create_directory(data_directory) -# Configure logging -logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) -load_dotenv() - -openai.api_key = OPENAI_API_KEY - -# Initialize ChromaDB with study files -add_study_files_to_chromadb("study_files.json", "study_files_collection") - -# Create sqlite study file data table -create_db_and_tables() +from config import STUDY_FILES # Cache for RAG pipelines rag_cache = {} -cache = LRUCache(maxsize=100) - - -def get_cache_value(key): - return cache.get(key) - - -zotero_library_id = get_cache_value("zotero_library_id") -logger.info(f"zotero_library_id cache: {zotero_library_id}") - -def get_rag_pipeline(study_name: str) -> RAGPipeline: - """Get or create a RAGPipeline instance for the given study by querying ChromaDB.""" +def get_rag_pipeline(study_name): if study_name not in rag_cache: - study = get_study_file_by_name(study_name) - - if not study: + study_file = STUDY_FILES.get(study_name) + if study_file: + rag_cache[study_name] = RAGPipeline(study_file) + else: raise ValueError(f"Invalid study name: {study_name}") - - study_file = study.file_path - logger.info(f"study_file: {study_file}") - if not study_file: - raise ValueError(f"File path not found for study name: {study_name}") - - rag_cache[study_name] = RAGPipeline(study_file) - return rag_cache[study_name] -def get_study_info(study_name: Union[str, list]) -> str: - """Retrieve information about the specified study.""" - if isinstance(study_name, list): - study_name = study_name[0] if study_name else None - - if not study_name: - return "No study selected" - - study = get_study_file_by_name(study_name) - logger.info(f"Study: {study}") - - if not study: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid study name: {study_name}") - - study_file = study.file_path - logger.info(f"study_file: {study_file}") - if not study_file: - raise ValueError(f"File path not found for study name: {study_name}") - - with open(study_file, "r") as f: - data = json.load(f) - return f"### Number of documents: {len(data)}" - - -def markdown_table_to_csv(markdown_text: str) -> str: - """Convert a markdown table to CSV format.""" - lines = [line.strip() for line in markdown_text.split("\n") if line.strip()] - table_lines = [line for line in lines if line.startswith("|")] - - if not table_lines: - return "" - - csv_data = [] - for line in table_lines: - if "---" in line: - continue - # Split by |, remove empty strings, and strip whitespace - cells = [cell.strip() for cell in line.split("|") if cell.strip()] - csv_data.append(cells) - - output = io.StringIO() - writer = csv.writer(output) - writer.writerows(csv_data) - return output.getvalue() - - -def cleanup_temp_files(): - """Clean up old temporary files.""" - try: - current_time = datetime.datetime.now() - for file in os.listdir(): - if file.startswith("study_export_") and file.endswith(".csv"): - file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(file)) - # Calculate the time difference in seconds - time_difference = (current_time - file_time).total_seconds() - if time_difference > 20: # 5 minutes in seconds - try: - os.remove(file) - except Exception as e: - logger.warning(f"Failed to remove temp file {file}: {e}") - except Exception as e: - logger.warning(f"Error during cleanup: {e}") - - -def chat_function(message: str, study_name: str, prompt_type: str) -> str: - """Process a chat message and generate a response using the RAG pipeline.""" - - if not message.strip(): - return "Please enter a valid query." - - rag = get_rag_pipeline(study_name) - logger.info(f"rag: {rag}") - prompt = { - "Highlight": highlight_prompt, - "Evidence-based": evidence_based_prompt, - }.get(prompt_type) - - response, _ = rag.query(message, prompt_template=prompt) # Unpack the tuple - return response - - -def process_zotero_library_items( - zotero_library_id_param: str, zotero_api_access_key: str -) -> str: - global zotero_library_id - if not zotero_library_id_param or not zotero_api_access_key: - return "Please enter your zotero library Id and API Access Key" - - zotero_library_id = zotero_library_id_param - cache["zotero_library_id"] = zotero_library_id - zotero_library_type = "user" # or "group" - zotero_api_access_key = zotero_api_access_key - - message = "" - - try: - zotero_manager = ZoteroManager( - zotero_library_id, zotero_library_type, zotero_api_access_key - ) - - zotero_collections = zotero_manager.get_collections() - zotero_collection_lists = zotero_manager.list_zotero_collections( - zotero_collections - ) - filtered_zotero_collection_lists = ( - zotero_manager.filter_and_return_collections_with_items( - zotero_collection_lists - ) - ) - - study_files_data = {} # Dictionary to collect items for ChromaDB - - for collection in filtered_zotero_collection_lists: - collection_name = collection.get("name") - if collection_name not in STUDY_FILES: - collection_key = collection.get("key") - collection_items = zotero_manager.get_collection_items(collection_key) - zotero_collection_items = ( - zotero_manager.get_collection_zotero_items_by_key(collection_key) - ) - # Export zotero collection items to json - zotero_items_json = zotero_manager.zotero_items_to_json( - zotero_collection_items - ) - export_file = f"{slugify(collection_name)}_zotero_items.json" - zotero_manager.write_zotero_items_to_json_file( - zotero_items_json, f"data/{export_file}" - ) - append_to_study_files( - "study_files.json", collection_name, f"data/{export_file}" - ) - - # Collect for ChromaDB - study_files_data[collection_name] = f"data/{export_file}" - - # Update in-memory STUDY_FILES for reference in current session - STUDY_FILES.update({collection_name: f"data/{export_file}"}) - logger.info(f"STUDY_FILES: {STUDY_FILES}") - - # After loop, add all collected data to ChromaDB - add_study_files_to_chromadb("study_files.json", "study_files_collection") - # Add collected data to sqlite - add_study_files_to_db("study_files.json", zotero_library_id) - - # Dynamically update study choices - global study_choices - study_choices = [ - file.name for file in get_study_files_by_library_id([zotero_library_id]) - ] - message = "Successfully processed items in your zotero library" - except Exception as e: - message = f"Error process your zotero library: {str(e)}" - - return message - - -process_zotero_library_items( - os.getenv("ZOTERO_LIBRARY_ID"), os.getenv("ZOTERO_API_ACCESS_KEY") -) - - -def refresh_study_choices(): - """ - Refresh study choices for a specific dropdown instance. - - :return: Updated Dropdown with current study choices - """ - global study_choices, zotero_library_id - zotero_library_id = get_cache_value("zotero_library_id") - logger.info(f"zotero_library_id refreshed: {zotero_library_id}") - study_choices = [ - file.name for file in get_study_files_by_library_id([zotero_library_id]) - ] - logger.info(f"Study choices refreshed: {study_choices}") - return study_choices - - -def new_study_choices(): - """ - Refresh study choices for a specific dropdown instance. - """ - study_choices = refresh_study_choices() - study_choices = ", ".join(study_choices) - return f"**Your studies are: {study_choices}**" - - -def process_multi_input(text, study_name, prompt_type): - # Split input based on commas and strip any extra spaces - variable_list = [word.strip().upper() for word in text.split(",")] - user_message = f"Extract and present in a tabular format the following variables for each {study_name} study: {', '.join(variable_list)}" - logger.info(f"User message: {user_message}") - response = chat_function(user_message, study_name, prompt_type) - return [response, gr.update(visible=True)] - - -def download_as_csv(markdown_content): - """Convert markdown table to CSV and provide for download.""" - if not markdown_content: - return None - - csv_content = markdown_table_to_csv(markdown_content) - if not csv_content: - return None - - # Create temporary file with actual content - timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S") - temp_path = f"study_export_{timestamp}.csv" - - with open(temp_path, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f: - f.write(csv_content) - - return temp_path - - -# PDF Support -def process_pdf_uploads(files: List[gr.File], collection_name: str) -> str: - """Process uploaded PDF files and add them to the system.""" - if not files or not collection_name: - return "Please upload PDF files and provide a collection name" - - try: - processor = PDFProcessor() - - # Save uploaded files temporarily - file_paths = [] - for file in files: - # Get the actual file path from the Gradio File object - if hasattr(file, "name"): # If it's already a path - temp_path = file.name - else: # If it needs to be saved - temp_path = os.path.join(processor.upload_dir, file.orig_name) - file.save(temp_path) - file_paths.append(temp_path) - - # Process PDFs - output_path = processor.process_pdfs(file_paths, collection_name) - - # Add to study files and ChromaDB - collection_id = f"pdf_{slugify(collection_name)}" - append_to_study_files("study_files.json", collection_id, output_path) - add_study_files_to_chromadb("study_files.json", "study_files_collection") - - # Cleanup temporary files if they were created by us - for path in file_paths: - if path.startswith(processor.upload_dir): - try: - os.remove(path) - except Exception as e: - logger.warning(f"Failed to remove temporary file {path}: {e}") - - return f"Successfully processed PDFs into collection: {collection_id}" - - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error in process_pdf_uploads: {str(e)}") - return f"Error processing PDF files: {str(e)}" - - -def chat_response( - message: str, - history: List[Tuple[str, str]], - study_name: str, - pdf_processor: PDFProcessor, -) -> Tuple[List[Tuple[str, str]], str, Any]: - """Generate chat response and update history.""" - if not message.strip(): - return history, None, None - +def query_rag(study_name: str, question: str, prompt_type: str) -> str: rag = get_rag_pipeline(study_name) - response, source_info = rag.query(message) - history.append((message, response)) - # Generate PDF preview if source information is available - # preview_image = None - if ( - source_info - and source_info.get("source_file") - and source_info.get("page_numbers") - ): - try: - # Get the first page number from the source - page_num = source_info["page_numbers"][0] - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error generating PDF preview: {str(e)}") + if prompt_type == "Highlight": + prompt = highlight_prompt + elif prompt_type == "Evidence-based": + prompt = evidence_based_prompt + else: + prompt = None - return history + # Use the prepared context in the query + response = rag.query(question, prompt_template=prompt) + return response.response -def create_gr_interface() -> gr.Blocks: - """Create and configure the Gradio interface for the RAG platform.""" - global zotero_library_id - with gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Base()) as demo: - gr.Markdown("# ACRES RAG Platform") - with gr.Tabs() as tabs: - # Tab 1: Original Study Analysis Interface - with gr.Tab("Study Analysis"): - with gr.Row(): - with gr.Column(scale=1): - gr.Markdown("### Zotero Credentials") - zotero_library_id_param = gr.Textbox( - label="Zotero Library ID", - type="password", - placeholder="Enter Your Zotero Library ID here...", - ) - zotero_api_access_key = gr.Textbox( - label="Zotero API Access Key", - type="password", - placeholder="Enter Your Zotero API Access Key...", - ) - process_zotero_btn = gr.Button("Process your Zotero Library") - zotero_output = gr.Markdown(label="Zotero") +def get_study_info(study_name): + study_file = STUDY_FILES.get(study_name) + if study_file: + with open(study_file, "r") as f: + data = json.load(f) + return f"**Number of documents:** {len(data)}\n\n**First document title:** {data[0]['title']}" + else: + return "Invalid study name" - local_storage_state = gr.BrowserState( - {"zotero_library_id": "", "study_choices": []} - ) - gr.Markdown("### Study Information") +def update_sample_questions(study_name): + return gr.Dropdown(choices=sample_questions.get(study_name, []), interactive=True) - zotero_library_id = zotero_library_id_param.value - if zotero_library_id is None: - zotero_library_id = get_cache_value("zotero_library_id") - logger.info(f"zotero_library_id: =====> {zotero_library_id}") - study_choices = refresh_study_choices() - logger.info(f"study_choices_db: =====> {study_choices}") - study_dropdown = gr.Dropdown( - choices=study_choices, - label="Select Study", - value=(study_choices[0] if study_choices else None), - allow_custom_value=True, - ) - # In Gradio interface setup - refresh_button = gr.Button("Refresh Studies") +with gr.Blocks() as demo: + gr.Markdown("# RAG Pipeline Demo") - study_info = gr.Markdown(label="Study Details") - new_studies = gr.Markdown(label="Your Studies") - prompt_type = gr.Radio( - ["Default", "Highlight", "Evidence-based"], - label="Prompt Type", - value="Default", - ) - - @demo.load( - inputs=[local_storage_state], - outputs=[zotero_library_id_param], - ) - def load_from_local_storage(saved_values): - print("loading from local storage", saved_values) - return saved_values.get("zotero_library_id") - - @gr.on( - [ - zotero_library_id_param.change, - process_zotero_btn.click, - refresh_button.click, - ], - inputs=[zotero_library_id_param], - outputs=[local_storage_state], - ) - def save_to_local_storage(zotero_library_id_param): - study_choices = refresh_study_choices() - return { - "zotero_library_id": zotero_library_id_param, - "study_choices": study_choices, - } - - with gr.Column(scale=3): - gr.Markdown("### Study Variables") - with gr.Row(): - study_variables = gr.Textbox( - show_label=False, - placeholder="Type your variables separated by commas e.g (Study ID, Study Title, Authors etc)", - scale=4, - lines=1, - autofocus=True, - ) - submit_btn = gr.Button("Submit", scale=1) - answer_output = gr.Markdown(label="Answer") - download_btn = gr.DownloadButton( - "Download as CSV", - variant="primary", - size="sm", - scale=1, - visible=False, - ) - - # Tab 2: PDF Chat Interface - with gr.Tab("PDF Chat"): - pdf_processor = PDFProcessor() - - with gr.Row(): - # Left column: Chat and Input - with gr.Column(scale=7): - chat_history = gr.Chatbot( - value=[], height=600, show_label=False - ) - with gr.Row(): - query_input = gr.Textbox( - show_label=False, - placeholder="Ask a question about your PDFs...", - scale=8, - ) - chat_submit_btn = gr.Button( - "Send", scale=2, variant="primary" - ) - - # Right column: PDF Preview and Upload - with gr.Column(scale=3): - # pdf_preview = gr.Image(label="Source Page", height=600) - source_info = gr.Markdown( - label="Sources", - value="No sources available yet." - ) - with gr.Row(): - pdf_files = gr.File( - file_count="multiple", - file_types=[".pdf"], - label="Upload PDFs", - ) - with gr.Row(): - collection_name = gr.Textbox( - label="Collection Name", - placeholder="Name this PDF collection...", - ) - with gr.Row(): - upload_btn = gr.Button("Process PDFs", variant="primary") - pdf_status = gr.Markdown() - current_collection = gr.State(value=None) - - # Event handlers for Study Analysis tab - process_zotero_btn.click( - process_zotero_library_items, - inputs=[zotero_library_id_param, zotero_api_access_key], - outputs=[zotero_output], + with gr.Row(): + study_dropdown = gr.Dropdown( + choices=list(STUDY_FILES.keys()), label="Select Study" ) + study_info = gr.Markdown(label="Study Information") - study_dropdown.change( - get_study_info, inputs=[study_dropdown], outputs=[study_info] - ) - - submit_btn.click( - process_multi_input, - inputs=[study_variables, study_dropdown, prompt_type], - outputs=[answer_output, download_btn], - ) - - download_btn.click( - fn=download_as_csv, inputs=[answer_output], outputs=[download_btn] - ).then(fn=cleanup_temp_files, inputs=None, outputs=None) + study_dropdown.change(get_study_info, inputs=[study_dropdown], outputs=[study_info]) - refresh_button.click( - fn=new_study_choices, - outputs=[new_studies], # Update the same dropdown + with gr.Row(): + question_input = gr.Textbox(label="Enter your question") + sample_question_dropdown = gr.Dropdown( + choices=[], label="Sample Questions", interactive=True ) - # Event handlers for PDF Chat tab - - def handle_pdf_upload(files, name): - if not name: - return "Please provide a collection name", None - if not files: - return "Please select PDF files", None - - try: - processor = PDFProcessor() - # Process PDFs - output_path = processor.process_pdfs(files, name) - collection_id = f"pdf_{slugify(name)}" - - # Add to study files JSON - append_to_study_files("study_files.json", collection_id, output_path) - - # Add to ChromaDB - add_study_files_to_chromadb("study_files.json", "study_files_collection") - - # Add to SQLite database - this is the crucial missing step - add_study_files_to_db("study_files.json", "local") # Add library_id parameter - - return f"Successfully processed PDFs into collection: {collection_id}", collection_id - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error in handle_pdf_upload: {str(e)}") - return f"Error: {str(e)}", None - - def add_message(history, message): - """Add user message to chat history.""" - if not message.strip(): - raise gr.Error("Please enter a message") - history = history + [(message, None)] - return history, "", None - - def format_source_info(source_nodes) -> str: - """Format source information into a markdown string.""" - if not source_nodes: - return "No source information available" - - sources_md = "### Sources\n\n" - seen_sources = set() # To track unique sources - - for idx, node in enumerate(source_nodes, 1): - metadata = node.metadata - if not metadata: - continue - - source_key = (metadata.get('source_file', ''), metadata.get('page_number', 0)) - if source_key in seen_sources: - continue - - seen_sources.add(source_key) - title = metadata.get('title', os.path.basename(metadata.get('source_file', 'Unknown'))) - page = metadata.get('page_number', 'N/A') - - sources_md += f"{idx}. **{title}** - Page {page}\n" - - return sources_md - - def generate_chat_response(history, collection_id, pdf_processor): - """Generate response for the last message in history.""" - if not collection_id: - raise gr.Error("Please upload PDFs first") - if len(history) == 0: - return history, None - - last_message = history[-1][0] - try: - # Get response and source info - rag = get_rag_pipeline(collection_id) - response_text, source_nodes = rag.query(last_message) - - # Format sources info - sources_md = "### Top Sources\n\n" - if source_nodes and len(source_nodes) > 0: - seen_sources = set() - source_count = 0 - - # Only process up to 3 sources - for node in source_nodes: - if source_count >= 3: # Stop after 3 sources - break - - if not hasattr(node, 'metadata'): - continue - - metadata = node.metadata - source_key = ( - metadata.get('source_file', ''), - metadata.get('page_number', 0) - ) - - if source_key in seen_sources: - continue - - seen_sources.add(source_key) - source_count += 1 - - title = metadata.get('title', 'Unknown') - if not title or title == 'Unknown': - title = os.path.basename(metadata.get('source_file', 'Unknown Document')) - - page = metadata.get('page_number', 'N/A') - sources_md += f"{source_count}. **{title}** - Page {page}\n" - - if source_count == 0: - sources_md = "No source information available" - else: - sources_md = "No source information available" - - # Update history with response - history[-1] = (last_message, response_text) - return history, sources_md - - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error in generate_chat_response: {str(e)}") - history[-1] = (last_message, f"Error: {str(e)}") - return history, "Error retrieving sources" - - - # Update PDF event handlers - upload_btn.click( # Change from pdf_files.upload to upload_btn.click - handle_pdf_upload, - inputs=[pdf_files, collection_name], - outputs=[pdf_status, current_collection], - ) - - # Fixed chat event handling - chat_submit_btn.click( - add_message, - inputs=[chat_history, query_input], - outputs=[chat_history, query_input], - ).success( - generate_chat_response, - inputs=[chat_history, current_collection], - outputs=[chat_history, source_info], - ) - - return demo - - -demo = create_gr_interface() + study_dropdown.change( + update_sample_questions, + inputs=[study_dropdown], + outputs=[sample_question_dropdown], + ) + sample_question_dropdown.change( + lambda x: x, inputs=[sample_question_dropdown], outputs=[question_input] + ) + + prompt_type = gr.Radio( + [ + "Default", + "Highlight", + "Evidence-based", + ], + label="Prompt Type", + value="Default", + ) + + submit_button = gr.Button("Submit") + + answer_output = gr.Markdown(label="Answer") + + submit_button.click( + query_rag, + inputs=[study_dropdown, question_input, prompt_type], + outputs=[answer_output], + ) if __name__ == "__main__": - # demo = create_gr_interface() demo.launch(share=True, debug=True) diff --git a/bin/cfn/ecs-delete b/bin/cfn/ecs-delete deleted file mode 100755 index 83676431a85ffb435df42c7eff1b402b969d22c0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/bin/cfn/ecs-delete +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env bash -set -e # stop the execution of the script if it fails - -CONFIG_PATH="/Users/patrickcmd/Projects/sunbirdai/Acres/infra/ecs_config.toml" - - -REGION=$(cfn-toml key deploy.region -t $CONFIG_PATH) -STACK_NAME=$(cfn-toml key deploy.stack_name -t $CONFIG_PATH) - - -aws cloudformation delete-stack \ - --stack-name $STACK_NAME \ - --region $REGION \ - --profile sunbirdai \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy b/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy deleted file mode 100755 index 187c7821737668ed7e85b9dbb8d079b799d1c08d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env bash -set -e # stop the execution of the script if it fails - -CFN_PATH="/Users/patrickcmd/Projects/sunbirdai/Acres/infra/ecs_fargate.yml" -CONFIG_PATH="/Users/patrickcmd/Projects/sunbirdai/Acres/infra/ecs_config.toml" -echo $CFN_PATH - -cfn-lint $CFN_PATH - -BUCKET=$(cfn-toml key deploy.bucket -t $CONFIG_PATH) -REGION=$(cfn-toml key deploy.region -t $CONFIG_PATH) -STACK_NAME=$(cfn-toml key deploy.stack_name -t $CONFIG_PATH) -PARAMETERS=$(cfn-toml params v2 -t $CONFIG_PATH) - -aws cloudformation deploy \ - --stack-name $STACK_NAME \ - --s3-bucket $BUCKET \ - --s3-prefix acres-rag \ - --region $REGION \ - --template-file "$CFN_PATH" \ - --no-execute-changeset \ - --tags group=acres-rag \ - --parameter-overrides $PARAMETERS \ - --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \ - --profile acres \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-api b/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-api deleted file mode 100755 index fd490b6ef5eb4f7d8129f8f2b520ec56bb454807..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-api +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env bash - -set -e - -CLUSTER_NAME="rag-ecs-cluster" -FASTAPI_SERVICE_NAME="dev-acres-fastapi" -TASK_FASTAPI_DEFINTION_FAMILY="dev-acres-fastapi" - - -LATEST_FASTAPI_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN=$(aws ecs describe-task-definition \ ---task-definition $TASK_FASTAPI_DEFINTION_FAMILY \ ---query 'taskDefinition.taskDefinitionArn' \ ---output text) - -echo "TASK DEF ARN:" -echo $LATEST_FASTAPI_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN - -aws ecs update-service \ ---cluster $CLUSTER_NAME \ ---service $FASTAPI_SERVICE_NAME \ ---task-definition $LATEST_FASTAPI_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN \ ---force-new-deployment \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-gradio b/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-gradio deleted file mode 100755 index c69307502ecb1ba8be85336f90c880a5907b0517..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/bin/cfn/ecs-deploy-update-gradio +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env bash - -set -e - -CLUSTER_NAME="rag-ecs-cluster" -SERVICE_NAME="dev-acres-gradio" -TASK_GRADIO_DEFINTION_FAMILY="dev-acres-gradio" - - -LATEST_GRADIO_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN=$(aws ecs describe-task-definition \ ---task-definition $TASK_GRADIO_DEFINTION_FAMILY \ ---query 'taskDefinition.taskDefinitionArn' \ ---output text) - -echo "TASK DEF ARN:" -echo $LATEST_GRADIO_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN - -aws ecs update-service \ ---cluster $CLUSTER_NAME \ ---service $SERVICE_NAME \ ---task-definition $LATEST_GRADIO_TASK_DEFINITION_ARN \ ---force-new-deployment \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/commands.md b/commands.md deleted file mode 100644 index a35ddbde9f64cbeea04942b80d1232bab2188905..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/commands.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -docker network create gradio-fastapi-network - -docker run -it -p 7860:7860 --rm --name gradio --network=gradio-fastapi-network gradio-app - -docker run -it -p 7860:7860 --rm --name gradio --network=gradio-fastapi-network gradio-app-prod - - -export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1 -export AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=2244276xxxxx -aws ecr get-login-password --region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin "$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com" - -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name gradio-python \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE - -export ECR_PYTHON_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/gradio-python" -echo $ECR_PYTHON_URL - -docker pull python:3.11.10-slim -docker tag python:3.11.10-slim $ECR_PYTHON_URL:3.11.10-slim - -docker push $ECR_PYTHON_URL:3.11.10-slim - - -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name gradio-app-prod \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE - -export ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/gradio-app-prod" -echo $ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL - -docker build --build-arg AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=2244276xxxxx -t your-image-name . -docker build -f Dockerfile.gradio.prod -t gradio-app-prod . - -docker build --build-arg AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID -f Dockerfile.gradio.prod -t gradio-app-prod . -docker tag gradio-app-prod:latest "${ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL}:latest" -docker push "${ECR_BACKEND_GRADIO_URL}:latest" - - -docker build -f Dockerfile.api -t fastapi-app . -docker run -it -p 8000:8000 --rm --name fastapi --network=gradio-fastapi-network fastapi-app - -aws ecr create-repository \ - --repository-name fastapi-api-prod \ - --image-tag-mutability MUTABLE - -export ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL="$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID.dkr.ecr.$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION.amazonaws.com/fastapi-api-prod" -echo $ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL - -docker build --build-arg AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$AWS_ACCOUNT_ID -f Dockerfile.api.prod -t fastapi-api-prod . -docker tag fastapi-api-prod:latest "${ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL}:latest" -docker push "${ECR_BACKEND_FASTAPI_URL}:latest" - diff --git a/config.py b/config.py index 2e4df53af2bb247fdf9a0395c60e3fc800d2c44b..e00706afad021dfae0ec94ece4827680e06f8774 100644 --- a/config.py +++ b/config.py @@ -1,14 +1,9 @@ -# config.py - import os -from dotenv import load_dotenv - -from utils.helpers import read_study_files - -load_dotenv() - OPENAI_API_KEY = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY") - -STUDY_FILES = read_study_files(("study_files.json")) +STUDY_FILES = { + "Vaccine Coverage": "data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json", + "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json", + "Gene Xpert": "data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json", +} diff --git a/config/pdf_config.yaml b/config/pdf_config.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 diff --git a/data/.keep b/data/.keep deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 diff --git a/data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json b/data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json index 4703601eb8598f9fe2716b052cf4db5653579d62..018525ee5d057cf681cfc62a949a17a978a5a953 100644 --- a/data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json +++ b/data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ "Marco Tuccori" ], "doi": "", - "date": "2020", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ "Sina Bavari" ], "doi": "10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-105055", - "date": "2017-01-06", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-105055" }, @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ "Xiangguo Qiu" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.002", - "date": "09/2017", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1471491417301090" }, @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ "Robert L. Gottlieb" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41577-021-00542-x", - "date": "06/2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-021-00542-x" }, @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ "M. P. Grobusch" ], "doi": "10.1080/13543784.2016.1240785", - "date": "2016-11-01", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13543784.2016.1240785" }, @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ "Luciana Borio" ], "doi": "10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0014-2016", - "date": "2016-05-06", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0014-2016" }, @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ "Larry Zeitlin" ], "doi": "10.3233/HAB-150284", - "date": "2015-12-23", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/HAB-150284" }, @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "Olivier Garraud" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.transci.2016.12.014", - "date": "02/2017", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473050216302002" }, @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "K Karunamoorthi" ], "doi": "", - "date": "", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ "Larry Zeitlin" ], "doi": "10.3233/HAB-150284", - "date": "2015-12-23", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ "Aaron A. R. Tobian" ], "doi": "10.1111/trf.12913", - "date": "2014-12", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ "Robert L. Gottlieb" ], "doi": "10.1038/s41577-021-00542-x", - "date": "2021-06", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ "Marco Tuccori" ], "doi": "10.1128/CMR.00072-20", - "date": "2020-09-16", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ "Olivier Garraud" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.transci.2016.12.014", - "date": "2017-02", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "Luciana Borio" ], "doi": "10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0014-2016", - "date": "2016-06", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ "Xiangguo Qiu" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.002", - "date": "2017-09", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ "Sina Bavari" ], "doi": "10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-105055", - "date": "2017-01-06", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" } diff --git a/data/ebscohost_zotero_items.json b/data/ebscohost_zotero_items.json deleted file mode 100644 index ee9811feead46282ae8108d8730d629e4ad71e6b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/ebscohost_zotero_items.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1556 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "key": "SL4UHDPB", - "title": "Unhealthy alcohol use and intimate partner violence among men and women living with HIV in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use are interrelated public health issues. Heavy and frequent alcohol use increase the risk of IPV, but the relationship between alcohol use and IPV (including recent and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration) has not been well described among persons living with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: We used baseline data from the Drinker's Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study. All participants were PWH co-infected with tuberculosis and had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) positive score (hazardous drinking) and positive urine ethyl glucuronide test, indicating recent drinking. High-risk drinking was defined as AUDIT-C\u2009>\u20096 and/or alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth)\u2009\u2265\u2009200 ng/mL. We measured IPV using the Conflict Tactics Scale. We estimated the association between alcohol use level and recent (prior six months) IPV victimization (recent perpetration was too low to study) using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, assets, education, spouse HIV status, religiosity, depressive symptoms, and social desirability. We additionally estimated the interaction of alcohol use and gender on IPV victimization and the association between alcohol use and lifetime victimization and perpetration.Results: One-third of the 408 participants were women. Recent IPV victimization was reported by 18.9% of women and 9.4% of men; perpetration was reported by 3.1% and 3.6% of women and men. One-fifth (21.6%) of those reporting recent IPV victimization also reported perpetration. In multivariable models, alcohol use level was not significantly associated with recent IPV victimization (p\u2009=\u20090.115), nor was the interaction between alcohol use and gender (p\u2009=\u20090.696). Women had 2.34 times greater odds of recent IPV victimization than men (p\u2009=\u20090.016). Increasing age was significantly associated with decreased odds of recent IPV victimization (p\u2009=\u20090.004).Conclusion: Prevalence of IPV victimization was comparable to estimates from a recent national survey, while perpetration among men was lower than expected. Alcohol use level was not associated with IPV victimization. It is possible that alcohol use in this sample was too high to detect differences in IPV. Our results suggest that women and younger PWH are priority populations for IPV prevention.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Amanda P. Miller", - "Robin Fatch", - "Sara Lodi", - "Kara Marson", - "Nneka Emenyonu", - "Allen Kekibiina", - "Brian Beesiga", - "Gabriel Chamie", - "Winnie R. Muyindike", - "Judith A. Hahn" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14295-2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159589280&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "5HPB2FDD", - "title": "Refusing aid: Interdependency and development in northern Uganda.", - "abstract": "\"Aid dependency\" has long been a concern among development organizations, because it supposedly discourages the entrepreneurial spirit and thus hinders economic development. But what happens when beneficiaries refuse aid? In this article, I offer an ethnographic account of aid refusal in postconflict northern Uganda. There, members of savings and loan associations negotiate debts and investments through Acholi ethics of ripe, or \"making life experiences together.\" In doing so, they demonstrate that their refusals are not disavowals of development. Rather, they are refusals of development hierarchies and of the financialization of development, both of which risk obstructing Acholi ethics of interdependence. By analyzing ripe and the ways that association members negotiate the ethics of receiving aid, this article offers a counterpoint to dominant, pathologizing discourses of African dependency, corruption, and development\u2014discourses predicated on Western, neoliberal valuations of work and community. In short, this article calls into question the assumption that economic growth is always the sine qua non of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Sarah O'Sullivan" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=162168537&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "58IE4F6Z", - "title": "Understanding PrEP Acceptability Among Priority Populations: Results from a Qualitative Study of Potential Users in Central Uganda.", - "abstract": "Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can safely and effectively prevent HIV acquisition in HIV-negative individuals. However, uptake of PrEP has been suboptimal in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this qualitative study was to identify facilitators of and barriers to PrEP acceptability among target users not taking PrEP. Fifty-nine individuals belonging to Ugandan priority populations participated in a single in-depth interview. Participants perceived themselves as being at high risk for HIV acquisition, and expressed interest in PrEP as an HIV prevention strategy. Two forms of stigma emerged as potential barriers to PrEP use: (1) misidentification as living with HIV; and (2) disclosure of membership in a priority population. Acceptability of PrEP was dampened for this sample of potential PrEP users due to anticipated stigmatization. Mitigating stigma should be a key component of effective PrEP delivery to reach UNAIDS goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Radhika Sundararajan", - "Monique A. Wyatt", - "Timothy R. Muwonge", - "Emily E. Pisarski", - "Andrew Mujugira", - "Jessica E. Haberer", - "Norma C. Ware" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10461-022-03606-8", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157789301&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "2XQF53VX", - "title": "Use of biomass fuels predicts indoor particulate matter and carbon monoxide concentrations; evidence from an informal urban settlement in Fort Portal city, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) is a leading cause of respiratory and cardiopulmonary illnesses. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) are critical indicators of IAQ, yet there is limited evidence of their concentrations in informal urban settlements in low-income countries.Objective: This study assessed household characteristics that predict the concentrations of PM2.5 and CO within households in an informal settlement in Fort Portal City, Uganda.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 374 households. Concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were measured using a multi-purpose laser particle detector and a carbon monoxide IAQ meter, respectively. Data on household characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.0. Linear regression was used to establish the relationship between PM2.5, CO concentrations and household cooking characteristics.Results: The majority (89%, 332/374) of the households used charcoal for cooking. More than half (52%, 194/374) cooked outdoors. Cooking areas had significantly higher PM2.5 and CO concentrations (t\u2009=\u200918.14, p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) and (t\u2009=\u20095.77 p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05), respectively. Cooking outdoors was associated with a 0.112 increase in the PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking area (0.112 [95% CI: -0.069, 1.614; p\u2009=\u20090.033]). Cooking with moderately polluting fuel was associated with a 0.718 increase in CO concentrations (0.718 [95% CI: 0.084, 1.352; p\u2009=\u20090.027]) in the living area.Conclusions: The cooking and the living areas had high concentrations of PM2.5 and CO during the cooking time. Cooking with charcoal resulted in higher CO in the living area. Furthermore, cooking outdoors did not have a protective effect against PM2.5, and ambient PM2.5 exceeded the WHO Air quality limits. Interventions to improve the indoor air quality in informal settlements should promote a switch to cleaner cooking energy and improvement in the ambient air quality.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Winnifred K. Kansiime", - "Richard K. Mugambe", - "Edwinah Atusingwize", - "Solomon T. Wafula", - "Vincent Nsereko", - "Tonny Ssekamatte", - "Aisha Nalugya", - "Eric Stephen Coker", - "John C. Ssempebwa", - "John Bosco Isunju" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14015-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159032231&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "ISU9RRSN", - "title": "Mediating antiretroviral treatment for HIV during COVID-19: lessons from implementation in Gomba District, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Initial and subsequent waves of COVID-19 in Uganda disrupted the delivery of HIV care. In rural areas, village health teams and organisations on the ground had to develop strategies to ensure that people living with HIV could continue their treatment. It was necessary to take evolving circumstances into account, including dealing with movement restrictions, constrained access to food and stigma due to anonymity being lost as a result of a shift from health facility-based services to community-level support. Uganda has a long history of community-driven response to HIV, although health systems and response programming have become more centralised through government and donors to address political commitments to HIV treatment and other targets. The delivery system for antiretroviral therapy was vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions and related circumstances. To understand the continuum of challenges, and to inform ongoing and future support of treatment for people living with HIV, interviews were conducted with HIV organisation implementers, health workers, village health team members and people living with HIV. It was found that stigma was a central challenge, which led to nuanced adaptations for delivering antiretroviral treatment. There is a need to strengthen support to households of people living with HIV through improving community capacity to manage crises through improving household food gardens and savings, as well as capacity to organise and interact with support systems such as the village health teams. In communities, there is a need to evoke dialogue on stigma and to support community leadership on pressing issues that affect communities as a whole and their vulnerable groups. There are opportunities to reawaken the grassroots civic response systems that were evident in Uganda's early response to HIV yet were lacking in the COVID-19 context.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kenneth Mulondo", - "Warren Parker" - ], - "doi": "10.2989/16085906.2022.2103006", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158844211&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "DPVGHQJB", - "title": "Prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers on burns among children under 5\u00a0years in Kisenyi slum, Kampala, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Globally, burn related deaths are disproportionately higher among children below 5 years of age compared to other age groups. Although rarely fatal, most burns in this group occur within homes specifically in kitchens. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers regarding burns among children under 5 years in an urban slum in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: The study used an analytic cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist, while qualitative data involved use of a key informant interview guide. A total of 426 children were involved in the study, while 6 key informants namely an adult mother, teenage mother, community health worker, health practitioner, father and local leader were interviewed. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the correlates of burn injuries, prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: The prevalence of burns among under-fives was 32%, highest among those aged 24 to 35 months (39%), and least in those below 12 months (10%). Children with single parents (adj PR = 1.56 95% CI 1.07\u20132.29) and those from households in the middle and least poor wealth quintile (adj.PR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.02\u20132.89 and adj.PR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.02\u20133.05, respectively) were more likely to get burns compared to their counterparts in other quintiles. In households where flammables were safely stored, children were less likely to suffer from burn injuries (adj.PR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.44\u20130.83). Congestion, negligence of caregivers, and use of charcoal stoves/open cooking were the commonest determinants of burns. Although many caregivers offered first aid to burn patients, inadequate knowledge of proper care was noted. Crawling children were perceived as being at highest risk of burns. Conclusion: The prevalence of burns among children under 5 years was high, with several household hazards identified. Health education, household modification and applicable public health law enforcement are recommended to reduce hazards and minimise burn risks among children.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Marcia Tusiime", - "David Musoke", - "Fiston Muneza", - "Milton Mutto", - "Olive Kobusingye" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s40621-022-00382-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157414221&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "3M9DS6KP", - "title": "Using a theory of change in monitoring, evaluating and steering scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda - lessons from the PERFORM2Scale consortium.", - "abstract": "Background: Since 2017, PERFORM2Scale, a research consortium with partners from seven countries in Africa and Europe, has steered the implementation and scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. This article presents PERFORM2Scale's theory of change (ToC) and reflections upon and adaptations of the ToC over time. The article aims to contribute to understanding the benefits and challenges of using a ToC-based approach for monitoring and evaluating the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions, because there is limited documentation of this in the literature.Methods: The consortium held annual ToC reflections that entailed multiple participatory methods, including individual scoring exercises, country and consortium-wide group discussions and visualizations. The reflections were captured in detailed annual reports, on which this article is based.Results: The PERFORM2Scale ToC describes how the management strengthening intervention, which targets district health management teams, was expected to improve health workforce performance and service delivery at scale, and which assumptions were instrumental to track over time. The annual ToC reflections proved valuable in gaining a nuanced understanding of how change did (and did not) happen. This helped in strategizing on actions to further steer the scale-up the intervention. It also led to adaptations of the ToC over time. Based on the annual reflections, these actions and adaptations related to: assessing the scalability of the intervention, documentation and dissemination of evidence about the effects of the intervention, understanding power relationships between key stakeholders, the importance of developing and monitoring a scale-up strategy and identification of opportunities to integrate (parts of) the intervention into existing structures and strategies.Conclusions: PERFORM2Scale's experience provides lessons for using ToCs to monitor and evaluate the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions. ToCs can help in establishing a common vision on intervention scale-up. ToC-based approaches should include a variety of stakeholders and require their continued commitment to reflection and learning on intervention implementation and scale-up. ToC-based approaches can help in adapting interventions as well as scale-up processes to be in tune with contextual changes and stakeholders involved, to potentially increase chances for successful scale-up.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Maryse Kok", - "Susan Bulthuis", - "Marjolein Dieleman", - "Olivier Onvlee", - "Rebecca Murphy", - "Patricia Akweongo", - "Justine Namakula", - "Hastings Banda", - "Kaspar Wyss", - "Joanna Raven", - "Tim Martineau" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08354-y", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158381130&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "ZE9NI3MM", - "title": "Barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the intensive adherence counselling framework by healthcare providers in Uganda: a qualitative study.", - "abstract": "Background: Uganda Ministry of Health (UMOH) embraced the World Health Organization recommendation for people living with human immunodeficiency virus with a detectable viral load (VL) exceeding 1000 copies/mL to receive intensive adherence counselling (IAC). The IAC framework was developed as a step-by-step guide for healthcare providers to systematically support persons with non-suppressed VL to develop a comprehensive plan for adhering to treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the current practice of the healthcare providers when providing IAC, and identify the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the UMOH IAC framework at two health centers IV level in rural Uganda.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study that explored the current practices of the healthcare providers when providing IAC, and identified the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the UMOH IAC framework. We used an interview guide with unstructured questions about what the participants did to support the clients with non-suppressed VL, and semi-structured questions following a checklist of categories of barriers and facilitators that affect 'providers of care' as provided by the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence for policy in African health systems (SURE) framework. Current practice as well as the categories of barriers and facilitators formed the a priori themes which guided data collection and analysis. In this study we only included healthcare providers (i.e., medical doctors, clinical officer, nurses, and counsellors) as 'providers of care' excluding family members because we were interested in the health system.Results: A total of 19 healthcare providers took part in the interviews. The healthcare providers reported lack of sufficient knowledge on the UMOH IAC framework; most of them did not receive prior training or sensitization when it was first introduced. They indicated that they lacked counselling and communication skills to effectively utilize the IAC framework, and they were not motivated to utilize it because of the high workload at the clinics compounded by the limited workforce.Conclusions: Although the UMOH IAC framework is a good step-by-step guide for the healthcare providers, there is need to understand their context and assess readiness to embrace the new behavior before expecting spontaneous uptake and utilization.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Pius Musinguzi", - "Josephine Nambi Najjuma", - "Adellah Arishaba", - "Eric Ochen", - "Racheal Ainembabazi", - "Fred Keizirege", - "Racheal Lillian Sabano", - "Edith K. Wakida", - "Celestino Obua" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08495-0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158813828&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "UUMYBAVN", - "title": "Trends of key surveillance performance indicators of acute flaccid paralysis: a descriptive analysis, Uganda, 2015-2020.", - "abstract": "Background: Polio is disease caused by poliovirus which can in turn cause irreversible paralytic disease, presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP). A sensitive AFP surveillance system, in which all reported AFP cases are evaluated, first to determine if they are true AFP cases or not, is key for tracking polio eradication. True AFP cases are then later categorized as polio AFP or non-polio AFP (NPAFP) cases. Sensitivity is defined by meeting an annual NPAFP rate/100,000 population\u2009<\u200915\u00a0years of\u2009\u2265\u20094/100,000, and an annual stool adequacy (SA) rate of\u2009\u2265\u200980%. We describe Uganda's AFP surveillance performance between 2015-2020, based on the WHO-recommended indicators, including; NPAFP and stool adequacy rate.Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of national AFP surveillance data, 2015-2020 obtained from ministry of health. We evaluated proportion of reported AFP cases that were true AFP, and changes in NPAFP and stool adequacy (SA) rate over the study period. We evaluated the trends in achieving the targeted NPAFP and SA rates from 2015-2020. We used QGIS to illustrate patterns in NPAFP and SA rates across districts and subregions.Results: Among 3,605 AFP cases reported and investigated countrywide from 2015-2020, 3,475 (96%) were true AFP cases. All the true AFP cases were non-polio related. District reporting was near-complete (97-100% each year). Overall, the mean NPAFP rate declined from 3.1/100,000 in 2015 to 2.1/100,000 in 2020. Less than 40% of districts met the NPAFP target rate in all years. The proportion of districts achieving the NPAFP target rate of\u2009\u2265\u20094/100,000 significantly declined from 35% in 2015 to 20% in 2020. The mean annual SA rate nationally was 88% from 2015-2020. Only 66% of districts achieved the SA target rate of\u2009\u2265\u200980% in the study period. The proportion of districts with SA rate\u2009\u2265\u200980% significantly increased from 68 to 80% between 2015 and 2020.Conclusion: Most districts reported AFP cases. However, there was a decline in the NPAFP rate from 2015-2020 and few districts achieved the target rate. The suboptimal AFP surveillance system performance leaves the country at risk of missing ongoing poliovirus transmission. We recommend health worker training on active AFP searches, intensified supportive supervision, increase the number of environmental surveillance sentinel sites to boost AFP surveillance in the country, and periodic review meetings with districts to assess AFP surveillance performance.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Bob Omoda Amodan", - "Annet Kisakye", - "Patricia Thiwe Okumu", - "Sherry Rita Ahirirwe", - "Daniel Kadobera", - "Alfred Driwale", - "Alex Riolexus Ario" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14077-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158960093&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "KE2NF5ML", - "title": "Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data.", - "abstract": "Background: Women with disabilities in developing countries experience significant marginalization, which negatively affects their reproductive health. This study examined the association between disability status and sexual intimate partner violence; the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status; and the variations in the determinants by disability status.Methods: The study, which was based on a merged dataset of 2006, 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic Surveys, used a weighted sample of 9689 cases of married women selected for the domestic violence modules. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions. Other key explanatory variables included partner's alcohol consumption and witnessing parental violence. A model with disability status as an interaction term helped to establish variations in the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status.Results: Sexual IPV was higher among women with disabilities (25% compared to 18%). Disability status predicted sexual intimate partner violence with higher odds among women with disabilities (aOR\u2009=\u20091.51; 95% CI 1.10-2.07). The determinants of sexual intimate partner violence for women with disabilities were: partner's frequency of getting drunk, having witnessed parental violence, occupation, and wealth index. The odds of sexual intimate partner violence were higher among women whose partners often or sometimes got drunk, that had witnessed parental violence, were involved in agriculture and manual work; and those that belonged to the poorer and middle wealth quintiles. Results for these variables revealed similar patterns irrespective of disability status. However, women with disabilities in the agriculture and manual occupations and in the poorer and rich wealth quintiles had increased odds of sexual intimate partner violence compared to nondisabled women in the same categories.Conclusion: Determinants of sexual intimate partner violence mainly relate to partners' behaviors and the socialization process. Addressing sexual intimate partner violence requires prioritizing partners' behaviors, and gender norms and proper childhood modelling, targeting men, women, families and communities. Interventions targeting women with disabilities should prioritize women in agriculture and manual occupations, and those above the poverty line.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Betty Kwagala", - "Johnstone Galande" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14273-8", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159547949&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "LRG7KVZJ", - "title": "DKSH and Biolin Scientific extend strategic partnership in the APAC region.", - "abstract": "The article reports that DKSH Business Unit Technology has expanded its strategic partnership with Biolin Scientific, a provider of advanced surface science instruments, to include sales, marketing, application support, and after-sales services in several Asia-Pacific countries. Biolin Scientific offers a range of products for surface and interface studies, serving various industries such as biotechnology, chemicals, electronics, and more, across multiple countries in the region.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171332271&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "R2ZEBEJB", - "title": "A qualitative exploration of Ugandan mental health care workers' perspectives and experiences on sexual and reproductive health of people living with mental illness in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: People with Mental Illness experience vast sexual and reproductive health challenges due to the affected mental health. Globally, prevalence of mental illness is on the rise with subsequent increase in the number of people with sexual and reproductive challenges warranting urgent public health intervention. However, information on the perceptions and experiences of mental health workers, the key health care providers for this population is generally lacking yet it's essential for formulation of appropriate policies and public health interventions.Aim: To explore Ugandan mental health care worker's perspectives and experiences on the sexual and reproductive health of people living with mental illness in Uganda in order to generate recommendations to the ministry of health on how it can be improved.Materials and Methods: Qualitative study design was employed with utilization of phone call semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data from 14 mental health workers from Uganda's National mental referral hospital, Butabika. Purposive sampling and convenience recruitment was done and the collected data was analyzed using Thematic content analysis.Results: Four themes were generated which included people with Mental illness having normal sexual needs, mental illness effect on sexuality and relationships, practices for safeguarding sexuality of people with mental illness and the barriers encountered in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services at a mental hospital.Conclusion: People with mental illness experience a multitude of sexual and reproductive health challenges that need public health interventions. However, the integration of sexual and reproductive health services in a mental hospital are not yet successful making people with mental illness to remain with unaddressed health challenges. Policies should therefore be developed and implemented to ensure successful integration of sexual and reproductive health at all mental health service care provision points.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Emily Tumwakire", - "Hofmeister Arnd", - "Yahaya Gavamukulya" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14128-2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158998324&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "KBNT3F3U", - "title": "Environmental backlash mounts as lenders shun East African pipeline. (cover story)", - "abstract": "The outburst offered a Atting introduction to a seldom-discussed energy project, which Uganda and Tanzania say will revolutionise East African oil production, but which has become a target of environmental campaigners. Some worry Europe might have shifted towards renewables by the time new producers such as Uganda begin offering oil to global markets. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Charlie Mitchell" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=157698551&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "JRY3D7CV", - "title": "Psychological capital and quality of life of refugees in Uganda during COVID-19 pandemic: A serial mediation model", - "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has in the past two years caused and continues to cause enormous effects on lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life. With no known treatment and vaccination, behavioral control measures became central in controlling the pandemic. However, the intensity of the pandemic and the stringent control measures were immensely stressful. The control measures became an added psychological burden to people living in precarious situations such as refugees in low-income countries. Purpose: Given the benefits of psychological capital, the present study aimed at investigating the role of psychological capital in enhancing the quality of life among refugees in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the effects of psychological capital on quality of life are serially mediated through coping strategies, adherence to COVID-19 control measures, and mental health. Methods: Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire in July and August 2020 after the first lockdown. Participants were 353 South Sudanese and Somali refugees living in Kampala city suburbs and Bidibidi refugee settlement. Findings: Psychological capital was positively associated with approach coping, mental health, and quality of life. However, psychological capital was negatively associated with adherence to COVID-19 control measures. Significant indirect effects of psychological capital on quality of life through approach coping, mental health, and adherence were found. However, serial mediation effects were only substantial via approach coping and mental health. Conclusion: Psychological capital is an important resource in coping with the challenges posed by COVID-19 and maintaining a good level of psychological functioning and quality of life. Preserving and boosting psychological capital is essential in responding to COVID-19 and other related disasters and crises, which are common in vulnerable populations such as refugee communities in low-income countries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Martin Mabunda Baluku" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s41042-023-00091-9", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2023-55476-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "NL892RGY", - "title": "Trends in inequality in maternal and child health and health care in Uganda: Analysis of the Uganda demographic and health surveys.", - "abstract": "Background: Uganda has made great strides in improving maternal and child health. However, little is known about how this improvement has been distributed across different socioeconomic categories, and how the health inequalities have changed over time. This study analyses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2016 in Uganda, to assess trends in inequality for a variety of mother and child health and health care indicators.Methods: The indicators studied are acknowledged as critical for monitoring and evaluating maternal and child health status. These include infant and child mortality, underweight status, stunting, and prevalence of diarrhea. Antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, delivery in health facilities, contraception prevalence, full immunization coverage, and medical treatment for child diarrhea and Acute Respiratory tract infections (ARI) are all health care indicators. Two metrics of inequity were used: the quintile ratio, which evaluates discrepancies between the wealthiest and poorest quintiles, and the concentration index, which utilizes data from all five quintiles.Results: The study found extraordinary, universal improvement in population averages in most of the indices, ranging from the poorest to the wealthiest groups, between rural and urban areas. However, significant socioeconomic and rural-urban disparities persist. Under-five mortality, malnutrition in children (Stunting and Underweight), the prevalence of anaemia, mothers with low Body Mass Index (BMI), and the prevalence of ARI were found to have worsening inequities. Healthcare utilization measures such as skilled birth attendants, facility delivery, contraceptive prevalence rate, child immunization, and Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net (ITN) usage were found to be significantly lowering disparity levels towards a perfect equity stance. Three healthcare utilization indicators, namely medical treatment for diarrhea, medical treatment for ARI, and medical treatment for fever, demonstrated a perfect equitable situation.Conclusion: Increased use of health services among the poor and rural populations leads to improved health status and, as a result, the elimination of disparities between the poor and the wealthy, rural and urban people.Recommendation: Intervention initiatives should prioritize the impoverished and rural communities while also considering the wealthier and urban groups.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Alex Ayebazibwe Kakama", - "Robert Basaza" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08630-x", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159829307&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "3JXHXUXQ", - "title": "Impact of carbonization conditions and adsorbate nature on the performance of activated carbon in water treatment.", - "abstract": "The physical and chemical structure of activated carbon (AC) varies with the carbonization temperature, activation process and time. The texture and toughness of the starting raw material also determine the morphology of AC produced. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area (SBET) is small for AC produced at low temperatures but increases from 500 to 700 \u00b0C, and generally drops in activated carbons synthesized > 700 \u00b0C. Mild chemical activators and low activator concentrations tend to generate AC with high SBET compared to strong and concentrated oxidizing chemicals, acids and bases. Activated carbon from soft starting materials such as cereals and mushrooms have larger SBET approximately twice that of tough materials such as stem berks, shells and bones. The residual functional groups observed in AC vary widely with the starting material and tend to reduce under extreme carbonization temperatures and the use of highly concentrated chemical activators. Further, the adsorption capacity of AC shows dependency on the size of the adsorbate where large organic molecules such as methylene blue are highly adsorbed compared to relatively small adsorbates such as phenol and metal ions. Adsorption also varies with adsorbate concentration, temperature and other matrix parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ibrahim Karume", - "Simon Bbumba", - "Simon Tewolde", - "Is'harq Z. T. Mukasa", - "Muhammad Ntale" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=173804871&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "HXPYNH97", - "title": "Motivational interviewing experiences from a community health worker-led hiv prevention and care intervention in rural uganda: A qualitative study", - "abstract": "ABSTRACT Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Community Health Workers (CHWs) are increasingly utilized in global settings to improve HIV outcomes, yet research exploring implementation strategies using MI and CHWs is lacking. We examined the experiences of CHWs and their clients in a counseling intervention which used MI-informed counseling to increase engagement in HIV prevention and treatment. This study was nested within the mLAKE cluster-randomized trial in a high HIV prevalence fishing community in rural Rakai District, Uganda. We conducted in-depth interviews with purposively-sampled CHWs (n = 8) and clients (n = 51). Transcripts were analyzed thematically to characterize CHWs\u2019 implementation of the intervention. Main themes identified included use of specific MI strategies (including evocation, guidance towards positive behavior change, active listening, and open-ended questions), and MI spirit (including collaboration, power-sharing, trust, and non-judgmental relationship building). Through these specific MI mechanisms, CHWs supported client behavior change to facilitate engagement with HIV services. This study provides evidence from a low-resource setting that CHWs with no previous experience in MI can successfully implement MI-informed counseling that is well-received by clients. CHW-led MI-informed counseling appears to be a feasible and effective approach to increase uptake of HIV prevention and care services in low-resource, HIV endemic regions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Holly Nishimura", - "Rose Pollard Kaptchuk", - "Ismail Mbabali", - "Jeremiah Mulamba", - "Neema Nakyanjo", - "Aggrey Anok", - "Maria J. Wawer", - "Caitlin E. Kennedy", - "Gertrude Nakigozi", - "Larry W. Chang", - "K. Rivet Amico", - "Heidi Hutton" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2023.2253504", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2024-11379-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "9NRJIAVI", - "title": "On $1+3$ covariant perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian spacetime in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity.", - "abstract": "Summary: ``The consideration of a $1 + 3$ covariant approach to cold dark matter universe with no shear cosmological dust model with irrotational flows is developed in the context of $f(G)$ gravity theory in this study. This approach reveals the existence of integrability conditions which do not appear in noncovariant treatments. We constructed the integrability conditions in modified Gauss-Bonnet $f(G)$ gravity basing on the constraints and propagation equations. These integrability conditions reveal the linearized silent nature of quasi-Newtonian models in $f(G)$ gravity. Finally, the linear equations for the over-density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian spacetime were constructed in the context of modified $f(G)$ gravity. The application of harmonic decomposition and redshift transformation techniques to explore the behavior of the overdensity and velocity perturbations using $f(G)$ model was made. On the other hand, we applied the quasi-static approximation to study the approximated solutions on small scales which helps to get both analytical and numerical results of the perturbation equations. The analysis of the energy overdensity and velocity perturbations for both short- and long-wavelength modes in a dust-Gauss-Bonnet fluids was done and we see that both energy overdensity and velocity perturbations decay with redshift for both modes. In the limits to $\\Lambda$CDM, it means $f(G) = G$ the considered $f(G)$ model results coincide with $\\Lambda$CDM.''", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Albert Munyeshyaka", - "Joseph Ntahompagaze", - "Tom Mutabazi", - "Manasse R. Mbonye" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=msn&AN=MR4624605&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "3HUQIBBP", - "title": "7TH ANNUAL ASCP SKIN DEEP READERS CHOICE AWARDS.", - "abstract": "The article presents the winners of the 2023 American Society for Clinical Pathology Periodical Readers' Choice Awards, with Green Tea Citrus Cleanser from Skin Script, Mystiq Perfecting Eye Cr\u00e8me from Lira Clinical, and Refine Polish from Hale & Hush, in various skincare categories.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=165102276&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "87BSN5NI", - "title": "Acute flaccid myelitis: Not uncommon in rural Uganda?", - "abstract": "Acute Flaccid Myelitis is a paralytic illness with significant similarities to poliomyelitis, and which affects predominantly children. It was first fully delineated only in 2014 in the USA, occurring in epidemic clusters with a likely overall increasing incidence. It has subsequently rapidly been identified in Europe, the UK, and Australasia and the Far East, confirming it to be an emerging, global, infectious neurological disease. It has, however, been very little studied in low- and middle-income countries\u2014reflecting partly of the global imbalance in science and medical research, and partly the extremely low provision of neurological care in most low- and middle-income countries: Uganda currently has no specialized neurology services outside the capital Kampala. During extended visits over a 2-year period with involvement in acute adult and paediatric internal medicine, one of us (NS) encountered at least six new patients with acute flaccid myelitis, suggesting that both the geographical reach and the frequency of the disorder may be significantly greater than previously thought. Here, these cases are described together with their clinical features and, where available, course and (limited) investigation results. These observations have significant implications concerning the current, and potentially the future geographical spread of the disease, and its clinical phenomenology. In addition, they highlight serious problems concerning the global applicability of the current Acute Flaccid Myelitis diagnostic criteria. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Sam Olum", - "Charlotte Scolding", - "Venice Omona", - "Kansiime Jackson", - "Neil Scolding" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/braincomms/fcad246", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2024-27495-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "AZH7353I", - "title": "Perturbations in the interacting vacuum.", - "abstract": "Summary: ``In this study, we present the evolution of cosmological perturbations in a universe consisting of standard matter and interacting vacuum. We use the $1+ 3$ covariant formalism in perturbation framework and consider two different models for the interacting vacuum; namely, a linear interacting model and interaction with creation pressure model. For both models, we derive the evolution equations governing the growth of linear perturbations for both radiation- and dust-dominated universe. We find numerical solutions in appropriate limits, namely long and short wavelengths. For both models, the perturbations grow with time (decay with redshift), showing that structure formation is possible in an accelerated cosmic background. The perturbation amplitudes---and their relative scalings with those of $\\Lambda$CDM---depend on the values of the interaction parameters considered, and in a way that can be used to constrain the models using existing and future large-scale structure data. In the vanishing limits of the coupling parameters of the interaction, we show that standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology, both background and perturbed, is recovered.''", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Albert Munyeshyaka", - "Joseph Ntahompagaze", - "Tom Mutabazi", - "Manasse R. Mbonye", - "Abraham Ayirwanda", - "Fidele Twagirayezu", - "Amare Abebe" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=msn&AN=MR4550002&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "KBAPFYDN", - "title": "Low heads to GCF, Seoul.", - "abstract": "According to his LinkedIn profile: \"My role will be driving the GFC's energy, industry and transport portfolio - assisting public and private sectors in incorporating climate mitigation and adaptation principles by using GCF's wide range of concessional financing instruments to deliver resilient investments giving beneficial socio-economic and environmental impacts.\" Low is Scottish, but has been working across APAC for most of his career first of all rising the role of Japan country manager for Mott MacDonald and then out of Singapore as Asia Pacific infrastructure services director. Euan Low - a long-established Asia Pacific infrastructure hand - has started in a new role, at the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in Seoul, South Korea. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Angus Leslie Melville" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170047952&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "2IJESYV7", - "title": "Turkey's New-Look Central Bank to Keep Rate-Hike Pace.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A revamped lineup of Turkish central bankers is meeting for the first time on Thursday, setting up a decision that will look to dispel doubts in the market and could ensure the pace of interest-rate increases doesn't slow again. Read more: Lira Lifeline Became $124 Billion Problem That Haunts Turkey The new rules amount to a \"stealth rate hike\" and follow an earlier decision to raise reserve requirements that could mean an additional 40 basis points of tightening, according to Bloomberg Economics. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Beril Akman" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170410874&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "SQ8HGSRQ", - "title": "In-Cosmetics Asia To Spotlight Key Developments in APAC Cosmetics Market.", - "abstract": "The article reports that In-Cosmetics Asia will focus on key developments in the APAC cosmetics market, highlighting the influence of social media, beauty influencers, and location on cosmetic sales in urban and rural areas. It mentions trends such as \"skinimalism\" and hybrid cosmetics are gaining popularity in the region as consumers look for streamlined cosmetic experiences, while anti-aging products benefit from an increasingly elderly population and growing consumer awareness.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172937198&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "HNVZWHU9", - "title": "Isbank to Pool Units in New Holding Firm to Boost Efficiency.", - "abstract": "They include listed glassmaker Sisecam, lender TSKB, brokerage Is Investment, builder Is REIT and private pensions firm Anadolu Hayat, as well as 11 other companies. \"A potential IPO of the new entity, divestitures and mergers of the group companies, or potential new investment areas may help unlock the hidden value of the bank's strong participation portfolio and provide easier access to finance the projects\", Oner said, raising his 12-month price target for the bank by 45% to 24 liras. (Bloomberg) -- Turkey's biggest listed bank by assets will spin off its units to a new holding company in a bid to manage them more efficiently. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tugce Ozsoy" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170744573&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "C4VAH6LH", - "title": "Ugandan Bonds Can Bounce Back From World Bank Funding Setback.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A surge in yields on Uganda's local-currency debt spurred by the World Bank's decision to halt new loans in protest at new anti-LGBTQ laws may reverse as global sentiment improves and the government unveils new sources of financing, according to Absa Bank Ltd. The yield on Ugandan-shilling bonds maturing in 2033 has spiked by more than 100 basis points since the multilateral lender suspended its financing for the country earlier this month. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Colleen Goko" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170410950&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "W86EETTK", - "title": "Turkish Inflation Nears 60%, Piling Pressure on Central Bank.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkish inflation accelerated to the fastest this year, underscoring the central bank's challenge as it raises interest rates to try to end a cost-of-living crisis. Gains in the lira since a bigger-than-anticipated rate hike in late August may ease some pressure on prices. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Baris Balci" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171371772&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "XB3Y82FU", - "title": "Turkey Circles Wagons to Convince Markets This Time Is Different.", - "abstract": "Simsek, appointed in June shortly after Erdogan's reelection, joined a round-table on Thursday together with central bank Governor Hafize Gaye Erkan and other top officials. Simsek and Erkan refrained from providing a roadmap for winding down the country's emergency lira savings program that's indexed to the exchange rate. (Bloomberg) -- Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is fully onboard with new policies that require monetary tightening, according to the country's finance minister, in the latest show of unity over ending an era of cheap money. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Firat Kozok", - "Beril Akman" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171811778&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "GL6XNSDY", - "title": "Turkish Builder Calls Investor Meeting to Extend Bond Maturity.", - "abstract": "Nurol Insaat ve Ticaret AS called investors in the 1.4 billion-lira ($51 million) bonds that mature next year to hold a restructuring meeting on Oct. 20. (Bloomberg) -- Turkish builder Nurol is asking investors to extend the maturity of its floating-rate bonds issued two years ago - with a senior executive denying the move was related to rising interest rates in the country. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Taylan Bilgic" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172440204&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "Z4ZGHR5E", - "title": "Turkey Escalates Syria Airstrikes After Rare Conflict with US.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkey intensified airstrikes on America's Kurdish allies in Syria after the US shot down a Turkish drone in the region, a rare instance of two NATO allies coming into conflict and which led the lira to weaken. The US, for its part, has warned Turkey against unilateral airstrikes that could threaten American personnel. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Selcan Hacaoglu", - "Firat Kozok" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172850150&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "8F2FJ9IG", - "title": "Qatar National Bank's Turkey Unit More Valuable Than Its Parent.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A more than 500% rally in shares of Qatar National Bank's Turkish unit this year has given the stock a higher value than its parent. QNB Finansbank AS has seen its market capitalization jump to 1.1 trillion liras ($41 billion) - taking it above QNB, the biggest Gulf bank by assets, which has a market value of about $40 billion. Only about 4 million of the more than 3.3 billion QNB Finansbank shares outstanding are publicly traded, with 99.9% of the stock closely held by QNB, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tugce Ozsoy", - "Kerim Karakaya" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172366540&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "J3A5G2TX", - "title": "South Korean Crypto Exchange Upbit Wins Singapore Permit.", - "abstract": "Singapore, a financial hub in Asia, will allow Upbit to offer its services in \"retail, institutional, and infrastructure focused businesses\", Alex Kim, founder and CEO of Upbit Singapore, said in the statement Upbit Singapore is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Upbit APAC - a holding company that also operates regulated digital asset exchanges in Thailand and Indonesia: statement NOTE: The MAS grants a full license subject to meeting certain conditions following the IPA --With assistance from Hooyeon Kim. (Bloomberg) -- South Korean leading crypto exchange Upbit has received an in-principle approval from the Monetary Authority of Singapore to offer digital payment token services in the city state, according to a company statement. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Suvashree Ghosh" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=173014861&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "T2REMZDH", - "title": "Turkey Escalates Syria Airstrikes After US Downs Its Drone.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkey intensified airstrikes on America's Kurdish allies in Syria after the US shot down a Turkish drone in the region, a rare instance of two NATO allies coming into conflict and which led the lira to weaken. The US, for its part, has warned Turkey against unilateral airstrikes that could threaten American personnel. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Selcan Hacaoglu", - "Firat Kozok" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172850249&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "SYZ49JG8", - "title": "Community dialogue meetings among district leaders improved their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Western Uganda, May 2021.", - "abstract": "Background: Widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake can facilitate epidemic control. A February 2021 study in Uganda suggested that public vaccine uptake would follow uptake among leaders. In May 2021, Baylor Uganda led community dialogue meetings with district leaders from Western Uganda to promote vaccine uptake. We assessed the effect of these meetings on the leaders' COVID-19 risk perception, vaccine concerns, perception of vaccine benefits and access, and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: All departmental district leaders in the 17 districts in Western Uganda, were invited to the meetings, which lasted approximately four hours. Printed reference materials about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines were provided to attendees at the start of the meetings. The same topics were discussed in all meetings. Before and after the meetings, leaders completed self-administered questionnaires with questions on a five-point Likert Scale about risk perception, vaccine concerns, perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the vaccine. We analyzed the findings using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Results: Among 268 attendees, 164 (61%) completed the pre- and post-meeting questionnaires, 56 (21%) declined to complete the questionnaires due to time constraints and 48 (18%) were already vaccinated. Among the 164, the median COVID-19 risk perception scores changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong agreement with being at high risk) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Vaccine concern scores reduced, with medians changing from 4 (worried about vaccine side effects) pre-meeting to 2 (not worried) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Median scores regarding perceived COVID-19 vaccine benefits changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very beneficial) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for perceived vaccine access increased from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very accessible) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for willingness to receive the vaccine changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong willingness) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 dialogue meetings led to district leaders' increased risk perception, reduced concerns, and improvement in perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. These could potentially influence public vaccine uptake if leaders are vaccinated publicly as a result. Broader use of such meetings with leaders could increase vaccine uptake among themselves and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga", - "Arthur G. Fitzmaurice", - "Allan Komakech", - "Tom Dias Odoi", - "Daniel Kadobera", - "Lilian Bulage", - "Benon Kwesiga", - "Peter James Elyanu", - "Alex Riolexus Ario", - "Julie R. Harris" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-023-15903-5", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=flh&AN=163943247&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "XX96UC8Z", - "title": "Not now, son.", - "abstract": "The article offers information on the complicated relationship of Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda, with their sons. It further discusses that General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, his eldest son, promoting him in the army, now wants to be at the top; agitation of General Kainerugaba touches the most sensitive issue in Ugandan politics: relations with neighbouring Rwanda; and also mentions about Kainerugaba intension to stand at the next election, in 2026.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hus&AN=162765495&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "VHSH273S", - "title": "The mediating effect of knowledge management on talent management and firm performance in small and medium enterprise in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Purpose: This study examines the mediating effect of an effective knowledge management (KM) in the relationship between talent management (TM) and organizational performance. This study was operationalized among the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a sample of 260 SMEs business. The data collected was analyzed using correlations and hierarchical regression to test the mediating effect of KM on the relationship between TM and firm performance. Findings: The findings show that KM mediates the relationship between TM and firm performance. They also suggest that TM contribute to enhancing performance through improvements in KM. Research limitations: The sample used in the research is not representative of all the SMEs operating in Uganda. This limitation presents the challenge of generalising and we therefore suggest caution when interpreting the results. We note the challenge of a skewed sample. For instance, most of the respondents to our study were confined to tailoring and design and metal and fabrication sectors. The skewed sample is a notable limitation of the research. The study was limited to Uganda only hence it did not capture information relating to other geographical settings, which may limit the effectiveness of the findings therein. Practical implications: Based on the findings of the study, the managers of the SME can use the study results to develop strategies and interventions that can enable their firms to improve on their performance even in the harsh economic environment through adopting positive practices such as KM. Originality/value: This paper contributes by filling a gap in HR management and SMEs literature, in which empirical studies on the relationship between TM and firm performance have been limited until now. This may create better research opportunities for cross-disciplinary papers that should be done by human resource, small business management and KM scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Janet Kyogabiirwe Bagorogoza", - "Idah Nakasule" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=trh&AN=158933872&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "CPU2RFSX", - "title": "10 Companies to Watch.", - "abstract": "The article presents a comparison of company stocks as of October 9, 2023 including those from AutoNation Inc., China Resources Land Ltd., and Budweiser Brewing Co. APAC.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kevin Tynan", - "Patrick Wong", - "Sharnie Wong", - "Tamlin Bason", - "Tom Ward", - "Ada Li", - "Patricio Alvarez", - "Ken Shea", - "Philip Richards", - "Omid Vaziri" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172791978&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "AWJCW9YN", - "title": "Photovoicing Empowerment and Social Change for Youth Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda.", - "abstract": "In this article, we present new insights to the application of photovoice as a tool for empowerment of the marginalized and an antecedent for social change. Special attention is directed to the use of photovoice in raising critical consciousness of the stigmatized and marginalized youth living with HIV/AIDS as a catalyst for empowerment through both the process and content of the research. The article also expounds on the practical execution of photovoice that is not adequately elaborated in projects within resource limited settings.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Emmanuel Kimera", - "Sofie Vindevogel" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/10497323221123022", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159306882&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "DRXKEVPR", - "title": "The role of the university and institutional support for climate change education interventions at two African universities.", - "abstract": "This paper presents findings on the role of the university and institutional support for climate change education interventions at two universities in East Africa. The findings were part of a larger study on opportunities and challenges for climate change education at universities in the African context: A comparative case study of Makerere University in Uganda and University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. A comparative multiple case study design was adopted collecting qualitative data from 58 lecturers, researchers, administrators and students on climate change related programmes at the two universities. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis was done using thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke's (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 1\u201341, 2006) approach with the help of MAXDA software. Findings from the cross-case analysis revealed similarities and differences in perspectives and multiple realities of participants at both universities regarding the role of the university and institutional support for climate change education in the African context. The findings shed light on the context and nature of climate change education interventions and how these are supported at both universities. The study contributes to empirical literature on the role of higher education in addressing climate change and the institutional support to the interventions in the African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "David Ssekamatte" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=trh&AN=161248891&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "YELZBJN5", - "title": "Intrauterine transfusion of a hydropic fetus with anemia due to a giant chorioangioma: A case report.", - "abstract": "Giant chorioangiomas are a potentially life-threatening condition that may require intrauterine therapy. We describe a case of a large chorioangioma (>4cm) diagnosed at 30\u00a0weeks of gestation causing severe fetal anemia and hydrops. An intrauterine blood transfusion was performed at 31\u00a0weeks with reversal of the anemia and hydrops. The neonate was born at 37\u00a0weeks showing respiratory distress syndrome that required neonatal intensive care unit admission but was discharged at 30\u00a0days of life. Further evaluation at two months of age showed no signs of abnormal neurodevelopment. When timely indicated, intrauterine transfusion of a hydropic fetus with anemia due to a giant chorioangioma is a potentially life-saving therapy that shows good neurodevelopment of the surviving fetus.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ma de la Luz Bermudez-Rojas", - "Virginia Medina-Jimenez", - "Alina Lira-Diaz", - "Miguel A. Sanchez-Rodriguez", - "Maria Yolotzin Valdespino-Vazquez", - "Raigam Jafet Martinez-Portilla" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.09.010", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159743153&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "2ERNTTXG", - "title": "Depression and PrEP uptake, interruption, and adherence among young women in Uganda", - "abstract": "Depression is a common cause of morbidity globally and can impact adherence to medications, posing challenges to medication-based HIV prevention. The objectives of this work are to describe the frequency of depression symptoms in a cohort of 499 young women in Kampala, Uganda and to determine the association of depression symptoms with use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Mild or greater depression, assessed by the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), was experienced by 34% of participants at enrollment. Participants with mild depression symptoms tended to uptake PrEP, request PrEP refills, and adhere to PrEP with similar frequency to women with no/minimal signs of depression. These findings highlight opportunities to leverage existing HIV prevention programs to identify women who may benefit from mental health services and may not otherwise be screened. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03464266.. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Yasaman Zia", - "Lydia Nambala", - "Randy M. Stalter", - "Timothy R. Muwonge", - "Timothy Ssebuliba", - "Agnes Nakyanzi", - "Olivia Nampewo", - "Jade Boyer", - "Susan Morrison", - "Rogers Nsubuga", - "Monica Bagaya", - "Robert Nyanzi", - "Flavia Matovu", - "Michael Yin", - "Christina Wyatt", - "Andrew Mujugira", - "Renee Heffron" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2023.2177250", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2023-55120-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "RENG8WUJ", - "title": "The Long-term (5-year) Impact of a Family Economic Empowerment Intervention on Adolescents Living with HIV in Uganda: Analysis of Longitudinal Data from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial from the Suubi+Adherence Study (2012\u20132018).", - "abstract": "150/150 words. We examined the 5-year impact of an economic empowerment (EE) intervention on: adherence, viral suppression, sexual risk-taking intentions (primary); and physical health, educational and economic (secondary) outcomes among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda. The Suubi + Adherence study (2012\u20132018) randomized clinics to: (1) Control group, n = 19 clinics, n = 344 participants; (2) intervention group which received matched savings accounts, mentorship, financial management and, business development training, n = 20 clinics, n = 358 participants. Participants completed post-baseline assessments at 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-months. No significant differences in viral load, sexual risk-intentions and physical health perception were observed. The intervention group had better adherence (at 24-months) (Contrast=-0.28; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.004), higher school enrolment (OR = 2.18; 95% CI:1.30, 3.66); reported savings OR = 2.03 (1.29, 3.18) and higher savings (Contrast = 0.40; 95% CI:0.10, 0.70) than controls at 48-months. The EE intervention was efficacious in improving adherence, school enrolment, and economic outcomes creating opportunities for improved overall health among adolescents living with HIV.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Rachel Brathwaite", - "Fred M. Ssewamala", - "Massy Mutumba", - "Torsten B. Neilands", - "William Byansi", - "Flavia Namuwonge", - "Christopher Damulira", - "Proscovia Nabunya", - "Gertrude Nakigozi", - "Fredrick Makumbi", - "Claude A. Mellins", - "Mary M. McKay", - "Suubi+Adherence Field Team" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10461-022-03637-1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159103087&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "XYFR6SSE", - "title": "The impact of COVID-19 measures on children with disabilities and their families in Uganda.", - "abstract": "To understand the impact of the COVID-19 public health response on families of children with disabilities in Central Uganda we conducted phone interviews with parents and children during the first 5 months of the outbreak (March - July 2020). Most parents and children were well informed about COVID-19 and were keen to adhere to government prevention measures. The majority said lock-down measures had a negative effect on their mental and physical health, social life, finances, education and food security. Access to medical services and medication for chronic illness had been limited or absent due to restrictions in travel, some facilities restricting access, and limited financial resources. The majority of parents reported loss of work which resulted in difficulties in finding enough food and paying rent. Parents worried about children missing education and friends. We suggest greater attention to children with disabilities and their families when implementing mitigating and long-term responses. This paper reports a study with families of children with disabilities in Uganda during the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020, known as COVID-19. Families of children with disabilities in Uganda are well informed about COVID-19 and try to follow prevention measures. Families of children with disabilities have difficulties meeting daily basic needs as they were unable to work and had no income during the COVID-19 related lock down. The COVID-19 response affects access to health and rehabilitation services for children with disabilities in Uganda. Parents of children with disabilities struggle with home education and learning due to lack of access to accessible learning materials and learning support in Uganda. The COVID-19 response affects the peer support networks and social support for parents of children with disabilities in Uganda. Children with disabilities and their families should be involved and considered in the development and implementation of the COVID-19 response.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Femke Bannink Mbazzi", - "Ruth Nalugya", - "Elizabeth Kawesa", - "Claire Nimusiima", - "Rachel King", - "Geert van Hove", - "Janet Seeley" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09687599.2020.1867075", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158387179&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "YRPP24UU", - "title": "Concordance Between Point-of-Care Urine Ethyl Glucuronide Alcohol Tests and Self-Reported Alcohol Use in Persons with HIV in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Screening and assessing alcohol use accurately to maximize positive treatment outcomes remain problematic in regions with high rates of alcohol use and HIV and TB infections. In this study, we examined the concordance between self-reported measures of alcohol use and point-of-care (POC) urine ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) test results among persons with HIV (PWH) in Uganda who reported drinking in the prior 3 months. For analyses, we used the screening data of a trial designed to examine the use of incentives to reduce alcohol consumption and increase medication adherence to examine the concordance between POC uEtG (300 ng/mL cutoff) and six measures of self-reported alcohol use. Of the 2136 participants who completed the alcohol screening, 1080 (50.6%) tested positive in the POC uEtG test, and 1756 (82.2%) self-reported using alcohol during the prior 72 h. Seventy-two percent of those who reported drinking during the prior 24 h had a uEtG positive test, with lower proportions testing uEtG positive when drinking occurred 24\u201348 h (64.7%) or 48\u201372 h (28.6%) prior to sample collection. In multivariate models, recency of drinking, number of drinks at last alcohol use, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test \u2013 Consumption (AUDIT-C) score were associated with uEtG positivity. The highest area under the curve (AUC) for a uEtG positive test was for recency of drinking. Overall, we concluded that several measures of drinking were associated with POC uEtG positivity, with recency of drinking, particularly drinking within the past 24 h, being the strongest predictor of uEtG positivity.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Karl C. Alcover", - "Nneka I. Emenyonu", - "Robin Fatch", - "Allen Kekibiina", - "Kara Marson", - "Gabriel Chamie", - "Winnie R. Muyindike", - "Brian Beesiga", - "Moses R. Kamya", - "Sara Lodi", - "Jeremy C. Kane", - "Judith A. Hahn", - "Michael G. McDonell" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10461-022-03597-6", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157789293&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "KJA444M9", - "title": "African Nations' Options for Free or Low-Cost Access to Research.", - "abstract": "The article discusses the intellectual aid provided to African nations, focusing on Uganda, through free or low-cost access to paid journals and books. It highlights organizations such as Research4Life, African Journals Online, Book Aid International, EIFL, individual publishers, and specialist organizations that contribute to enhancing access to research and knowledge in Africa.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "DAVID HADEN" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lxh&AN=164826330&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "LXAQEW6J", - "title": "Perceived Barriers to HIV Care and Viral Suppression Comparing Newly Diagnosed Women Living with HIV in Rural Uganda with and without a History of Intimate Partner Violence.", - "abstract": "Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor HIV care linkage and retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. However, limited knowledge exists regarding potential mechanisms linking IPV to these outcomes. We aimed to (a) identify the top barriers to accessing HIV care experienced by women living with HIV (WLHIV) who report a history of IPV and have suppressed viral load (VL) versus unsuppressed VL and (b) understand how these barriers influence VL, comparing WLHIV with a history of IPV to WLHIV without a history of IPV. Study data come from newly diagnosed WLHIV in rural Uganda participating in the standard-of-care control arm of a randomized trial (n = 152). Descriptive results ranking mean scores from highest to lowest showed that, among women with a history of IPV, irrespective of viral suppression status, paying for transportation to come to clinic, having to wait at the clinic for long periods of time, and finding a clinic within reasonable travel distance were the top three barriers to accessing HIV care. WLHIV with a history of IPV were significantly more likely to have unsuppressed VL versus suppressed VL if they reported higher levels of difficulty finding a clinic within reasonable travel distance (RRR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.1\u20132.7]), getting permission to take time off from work (RRR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.0\u20132.9]), and finding time to come to the clinic for an appointment (RRR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0\u20132.6]). The same relationships were not present among WLHIV without a history of IPV, suggesting these barriers and their effect on VL may be uniquely related to IPV. Interventions should address IPV and HIV care continuum outcomes in tandem, targeting barriers to accessing HIV care likely associated with IPV. Additional research is necessary to better understand how IPV relates to HIV care barriers and VL.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ijeoma Nwabuzor Ogbonnaya", - "Elizabeth Reed", - "Rhoda K. Wanyenze", - "Jennifer A. Wagman", - "Jay G. Silverman", - "Susan M. Kiene" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/08862605211028284", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159306663&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "FLYSEHQ2", - "title": "A Critical Overview of Mental Health-Related Beliefs, Services and Systems in Uganda and Recent Activist and Legal Challenges.", - "abstract": "As is true throughout the world, Ugandans with lived experience of mental illness, including survivors and those still in treatment or care, have been historically disregarded and mistreated. In Uganda specifically, the treatment and perception of those with mental illness has been historically interwoven with cultural beliefs about witchcraft and spirit possession, as well as the introduction and implementation of Western psychiatric practices (and institutions) during Uganda's colonial period. Both have contributed to punitive practices, stigma and social rejection. Ugandan laws and human rights policies have also largely failed to ensure the rights and community inclusion of persons with psychosocial disabilities. Moving toward the present, a growing movement of human rights advocates have attempted to challenge practices that continue to promote exclusion and coercion. This brief overview of the history of mental health services in Uganda seeks to provide deeper context for current reform efforts.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kabale Benon Kitafuna" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10597-022-00947-5", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157413235&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "KSTKBUXW", - "title": "Piperaquine-Induced QTc Prolongation Decreases With Repeated Monthly Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Dosing in Pregnant Ugandan Women.", - "abstract": "Background Intermittent preventive treatment with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) is highly effective at preventing both malaria during pregnancy and placental malaria. Piperaquine prolongs the corrected QT interval (QTc), and it is possible that repeated monthly dosing could lead to progressive QTc prolongation. Intensive characterization of the relationship between piperaquine concentration and QTc interval throughout pregnancy can inform effective, safe prevention guidelines. Methods Data were collected from a randomized controlled trial, where pregnant Ugandan women received malaria chemoprevention with monthly DHA-PQ (120/960\u00a0mg DHA/PQ; n\u2005=\u2005373) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP; 1500/75\u00a0mg; n\u2005=\u2005375) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Monthly trough piperaquine samples were collected throughout pregnancy, and pre- and postdose electrocardiograms were recorded at 20, 28, and 36 weeks' gestation in each woman. The pharmacokinetics\u2013QTc relationship for piperaquine and QTc for SP were assessed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Results A positive linear relationship between piperaquine concentration and Fridericia corrected QTc interval was identified. This relationship progressively decreased from a 4.42 to 3.28 to 2.13 millisecond increase per 100\u00a0ng/mL increase in piperaquine concentration at 20, 28, and 36 weeks' gestation, respectively. Furthermore, 61% (n\u2005=\u2005183) of women had a smaller change in QTc at week 36 than week 20. Nine women given DHA-PQ had grade 3\u20134 cardiac adverse events. SP was not associated with any change in QTc. Conclusions Repeated DHA-PQ dosing did not result in increased risk of QTc prolongation and the postdose QTc intervals progressively decreased. Monthly dosing of DHA-PQ in pregnant women carries minimal risk of QTc prolongation. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02793622.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Emma Hughes", - "Erika Wallender", - "Richard Kajubi", - "Prasanna Jagannathan", - "Teddy Ochieng", - "Abel Kakuru", - "Moses R Kamya", - "Tamara D Clark", - "Philip J Rosenthal", - "Grant Dorsey", - "Francesca Aweeka", - "Radojka M Savic" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciab965", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158846313&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "92LFX2XP", - "title": "Clinical, metabolic, and immunological characterisation of adult Ugandan patients with new-onset diabetes and low vitamin D status.", - "abstract": "Background: Low vitamin D concentrations are associated with metabolic derangements, notably insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in Caucasian populations. Studies on its association with the clinical, metabolic, and immunologic characteristics in black African adult populations with new-onset diabetes are limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical, metabolic, and immunologic characteristics of a black Ugandan adult population with recently diagnosed diabetes and hypovitaminosis D. Methods: Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured in 327 participants with recently diagnosed diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and normal vitamin D status were defined as serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels of < 20 ng/ml, 21\u201329 ng/ml, and \u2265 30 ng/ml, respectively. Results: The median (IQR) age, glycated haemoglobin, and serum vitamin D concentration of the participants were 48 years (39\u201358), 11% (8\u201313) or 96 mmol/mol (67\u2013115), and 24 ng/ml (18\u201330), respectively. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and normal vitamin D status were noted in 105 participants (32.1%), 140 participants (42.8%), and 82 participants (25.1%), respectively. Compared with those having normal serum vitamin D levels, participants with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency had higher circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL) 6 (29 [16\u201345] pg/ml, 23 [14\u201340] pg/ml vs 18 [14\u201332] pg/ml, p = 0.01), and IL-8 (24 [86\u2013655] pg/ml, 207 [81\u2013853] pg/ml vs 98 [67\u2013224], p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were noted in the markers of body adiposity, insulin resistance, and pancreatic beta-cell function between both groups. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent in our study population and were associated with increased circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The absence of an association between pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and low vitamin D status may indicate that the latter does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in our adult Ugandan population.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Davis Kibirige", - "Isaac Sekitoleko", - "Priscilla Balungi", - "Jacqueline Kyosiimire-Lugemwa", - "William Lumu" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12902-022-01148-7", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159141252&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "2VHBR73X", - "title": "Lived Experiences of Women with Disabilities in Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Lira District, Northern Uganda.", - "abstract": "Purpose: The study aimed at exploring the lived experiences of women with disabilities in accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Method: This study utilised a phenomenological study design. Ten women, aged 15 - 49 years, were purposively selected from Lira District Union of Persons with Disabilities. They were accessing sexual and reproductive health services across the district. Data was collected using an in-depth interview guide, and thereafter thematic analysis was done. Results: More than half (60%) of the participants were 40-50 years old and had more than 2 children. Half of them (50%) were married; the majority (70%) resided in the rural area and had a physical disability. They related their positive and negative experiences. On the positive side, they indicated the existence of supportive stakeholders, availability of services, and being served with no discrimination in some health facilities. Negatively, they experienced difficulty in navigating the physical environment in health facilities, lack of transport, negative healthcare provider attitudes, long waiting time, side effects of family planning methods, lack of privacy and unhygienic sanitary environments in health facilities. Conclusion and Recommendations: Women with disabilities in Lira district had both positive and negative experiences in accessing sexual and reproductive health services. Recommendations of this study include counselling women with disabilities about side effects of hormonal family planning methods, incorporating disability studies in curricula for health workers, on-the-job training for health workers on care for persons with disabilities, and enforcing policies that favour access to sexual and reproductive health services for women with disabilities. The government should empower the local leadership to supervise every new health facility that is being constructed, and ensure that accessibility standards for women with disabilities are met.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Lamech Emoru", - "Enos Mirembe Masereka", - "Richard Kabanda" - ], - "doi": "10.47985/dcidj.506", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158676044&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "SD8MJJ2W", - "title": "World Bank in Talks to Double Turkey Exposure to $35 Billion.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- The World Bank is in advanced talks to potentially double its exposure to Turkey to $35 billion to help stabilize the Middle East's largest non-oil economy, according to people with direct knowledge of the matter. The arrangement with the World Bank would mark the biggest source of external financing since Erdogan's visit to the Gulf petrostates. The World Bank expects two-thirds of the $18 billion to go to Turkey's private sector through direct investment and guarantees, the people said. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kerim Karakaya", - "Onur Ant" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171389894&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "794YSXPH", - "title": "correction.", - "abstract": "A Dec. 26 article about business leaders to watch in 2024 erroneously stated that Toronto-Dominion Bank CEO Bharat Masrani was raised in India. In fact, he was born and raised in Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=6FPTS2023122870145913&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "DQI7D8NA", - "title": "Struggling to find a foothold.", - "abstract": "Namuwaya had suffered through it when her parents married her off against her will for money. But when her husband threatened to kill her, she knew she had to run. Leaving behind her two young children and everything she had ever known, she spent her savings on a plane ticket and in September left Uganda to start a life half a world away in Canada, a country she knew little about. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "there is help. Resources are available online at crisisservicescanada.ca or you can connect to the national suicide prevention helpline at 1-833-456-4566. Asylum seekers i Emily Fagan Toronto Star If you are thinking of suicide or know someone who is" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=6FPTS2023120369941435&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "QLMJLIEK", - "title": "Social Support and Linkage to HIV Care Following Routine HIV Testing in a Ugandan Refugee Settlement.", - "abstract": "We aimed to identify factors associated with linkage to care for individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in a refugee settlement. This study was conducted from October 2018 through January 2020 in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among individuals accessing routine HIV testing services. The survey included questions on demographic factors, physical and mental health conditions, social support, and HIV-related stigma. We collected GPS coordinates of the homes of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. Associations with linkage to care were assessed using bivariate and multivariable analyses. Linkage to care was defined as clinic attendance within 90 days of a positive HIV test, not including the day of testing. Network analysis was used to estimate the travel distance between participants' homes and HIV clinic and to spatially characterize participants living with HIV and their levels of social support. Of 219 participants diagnosed with HIV (out of 5,568 participants screened), 74.4% linked to HIV care. Those who reported higher social support had higher odds of linking to care compared with those who reported lower social support. On spatial analysis, lower levels of social support were most prevalent in Nakivale Refugee Settlement itself, with more robust social support southeast and west of the study area. Social support is a salient correlate of linkage to care for individuals living in refugee settlements and could be the focus of an intervention for improving uptake of HIV care services.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Canada Parrish", - "Erica Nelson", - "Zikama Faustin", - "Joshua Stern", - "Julius Kasozi", - "Robin Klabbers", - "Simon Masereka", - "Alexander C. Tsai", - "Ingrid V. Bassett", - "Kelli N. O'Laughlin" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10461-022-03608-6", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157789303&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "IELS43SS", - "title": "Understanding the barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 risk mitigation strategy adoption and COVID-19 vaccination in refugee settlements in Uganda: a qualitative study.", - "abstract": "Background: Perspectives on COVID-19 risk and the willingness and ability of persons living in refugee settlements to adopt COVID-19 prevention strategies have not been rigorously evaluated. The realities of living conditions in Ugandan refugee settlements may limit the extent to which refugees can uptake strategies to mitigate COVID-19 risk. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted between April 2021 and April 2022 to assess COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, prevention strategy adoption including COVID-19 vaccination, and COVID-19 impact on living conditions in refugee settlements in Uganda. Interview participants included 28 purposively selected refugees who called into \"Dial-COVID\", a free telephone COVID-19 information collection and dissemination platform that was advertised in refugee settlements by community health workers. Interviews were analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive content analysis. Emerging themes were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify domains influencing prevention behavior. Results were synthesized to provide intervention and policy recommendations for risk mitigation in refugee settlements for COVID-19 and future infectious disease outbreaks. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic detrimentally impacted economic and food security as well as social interactions in refugee settlements. Youth were considered especially impacted, and participants reported incidents of child marriage and teenage pregnancy following school closures. Participants displayed general knowledge of COVID-19 and expressed willingness to protect themselves and others from contracting COVID-19. Risk mitigation strategy uptake including COVID-19 vaccination was influenced by COVID-19 knowledge, emotions surrounding COVID-19, the environmental context and resources, personal goals, beliefs about the consequences of (non)adoption, social influences, and behavior reinforcement. Resource constraints, housing conditions, and competing survival needs challenged the adoption of prevention strategies and compliance decreased over time. Conclusions: Contextual challenges impact the feasibility of COVID-19 risk mitigation strategy uptake in refugee settlements. Pre-existing hardships in this setting were amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns. Targeted dispelling of myths, alignment of information across communication mediums, supporting survival needs and leveraging of respected role models are strategies that may hold potential to mitigate risk of infectious diseases in this setting. Registration details: World Pandemic Research Network \u2013 490,652. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Robin E. Klabbers", - "Timothy R. Muwonge", - "Scovia Ajidiru", - "Sukanya Borthakur", - "Andrew Mujugira", - "Monisha Sharma", - "Patrick Vinck", - "Phuong Pham", - "Connie Celum", - "Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi", - "Kelli N. O'Laughlin" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-023-16320-4", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=flh&AN=165111482&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "U3AG5SWN", - "title": "Pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer in an HIV-infected rural sub-Saharan African population.", - "abstract": "Youth living with HIV (YLWHIV) have an increased cancer risk. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of medical record (MR) reported suspected cancers in a contemporary cohort of YLWHIV in Uganda that was assembled through MR reviews of patients 10 to 24 years old across 35 Ugandan HIV care health facilities. Clinical data were abstracted to identify suspected cancer cases and information about HIV care. Among 3728 YLWHIV, we identified eight suspected cancer cases. The most common suspected types were Kaposi sarcoma (n=4) followed by lymphoma (n=3). Challenges encountered in data abstraction were missing data for several variables and confirmatory cancer diagnostic information. In follow-up of suspected cases referred for diagnosis at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), none had diagnosis records in UCI files. In addition, \u223c18% of patients (n=686) were lost-to-follow-up (LTF) defined as not having returned to the clinic in \u2265183 days and three patients died from presumed Kaposi sarcoma. Although our results suggest that cancer is rare in YLWHIV, the possibility that the cancer burden is higher cannot be excluded due to incomplete information in MRs and high LTF rates. Further, our study raises concern that patients referred for diagnosis are not accessing potential life-saving care.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kimberly J. Johnson", - "Ozge Sensoy Bahar", - "Jennifer Nattabi", - "Herbert Migadde", - "Vicent Ssentumbwe", - "Christopher Damulira", - "Apollo Kivumbi", - "Nixon Niyonzima", - "Fred M. Ssewamala" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2021.1990201", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158962884&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "5BLW73GQ", - "title": "Understanding PrEP Acceptability Among Priority Populations: Results from a Qualitative Study of Potential Users in Central Uganda.", - "abstract": "Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can safely and effectively prevent HIV acquisition in HIV-negative individuals. However, uptake of PrEP has been suboptimal in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this qualitative study was to identify facilitators of and barriers to PrEP acceptability among target users not taking PrEP. Fifty-nine individuals belonging to Ugandan priority populations participated in a single in-depth interview. Participants perceived themselves as being at high risk for HIV acquisition, and expressed interest in PrEP as an HIV prevention strategy. Two forms of stigma emerged as potential barriers to PrEP use: (1) misidentification as living with HIV; and (2) disclosure of membership in a priority population. Acceptability of PrEP was dampened for this sample of potential PrEP users due to anticipated stigmatization. Mitigating stigma should be a key component of effective PrEP delivery to reach UNAIDS goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Radhika Sundararajan", - "Monique A. Wyatt", - "Timothy R. Muwonge", - "Emily E. Pisarski", - "Andrew Mujugira", - "Jessica E. Haberer", - "Norma C. Ware" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10461-022-03606-8", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157789301&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "TXWKSABG", - "title": "Use of biomass fuels predicts indoor particulate matter and carbon monoxide concentrations; evidence from an informal urban settlement in Fort Portal city, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) is a leading cause of respiratory and cardiopulmonary illnesses. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) are critical indicators of IAQ, yet there is limited evidence of their concentrations in informal urban settlements in low-income countries.Objective: This study assessed household characteristics that predict the concentrations of PM2.5 and CO within households in an informal settlement in Fort Portal City, Uganda.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 374 households. Concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were measured using a multi-purpose laser particle detector and a carbon monoxide IAQ meter, respectively. Data on household characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.0. Linear regression was used to establish the relationship between PM2.5, CO concentrations and household cooking characteristics.Results: The majority (89%, 332/374) of the households used charcoal for cooking. More than half (52%, 194/374) cooked outdoors. Cooking areas had significantly higher PM2.5 and CO concentrations (t\u2009=\u200918.14, p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) and (t\u2009=\u20095.77 p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05), respectively. Cooking outdoors was associated with a 0.112 increase in the PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking area (0.112 [95% CI: -0.069, 1.614; p\u2009=\u20090.033]). Cooking with moderately polluting fuel was associated with a 0.718 increase in CO concentrations (0.718 [95% CI: 0.084, 1.352; p\u2009=\u20090.027]) in the living area.Conclusions: The cooking and the living areas had high concentrations of PM2.5 and CO during the cooking time. Cooking with charcoal resulted in higher CO in the living area. Furthermore, cooking outdoors did not have a protective effect against PM2.5, and ambient PM2.5 exceeded the WHO Air quality limits. Interventions to improve the indoor air quality in informal settlements should promote a switch to cleaner cooking energy and improvement in the ambient air quality.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Winnifred K. Kansiime", - "Richard K. Mugambe", - "Edwinah Atusingwize", - "Solomon T. Wafula", - "Vincent Nsereko", - "Tonny Ssekamatte", - "Aisha Nalugya", - "Eric Stephen Coker", - "John C. Ssempebwa", - "John Bosco Isunju" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14015-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159032231&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "Z4C7QQXY", - "title": "Mediating antiretroviral treatment for HIV during COVID-19: lessons from implementation in Gomba District, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Initial and subsequent waves of COVID-19 in Uganda disrupted the delivery of HIV care. In rural areas, village health teams and organisations on the ground had to develop strategies to ensure that people living with HIV could continue their treatment. It was necessary to take evolving circumstances into account, including dealing with movement restrictions, constrained access to food and stigma due to anonymity being lost as a result of a shift from health facility-based services to community-level support. Uganda has a long history of community-driven response to HIV, although health systems and response programming have become more centralised through government and donors to address political commitments to HIV treatment and other targets. The delivery system for antiretroviral therapy was vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions and related circumstances. To understand the continuum of challenges, and to inform ongoing and future support of treatment for people living with HIV, interviews were conducted with HIV organisation implementers, health workers, village health team members and people living with HIV. It was found that stigma was a central challenge, which led to nuanced adaptations for delivering antiretroviral treatment. There is a need to strengthen support to households of people living with HIV through improving community capacity to manage crises through improving household food gardens and savings, as well as capacity to organise and interact with support systems such as the village health teams. In communities, there is a need to evoke dialogue on stigma and to support community leadership on pressing issues that affect communities as a whole and their vulnerable groups. There are opportunities to reawaken the grassroots civic response systems that were evident in Uganda's early response to HIV yet were lacking in the COVID-19 context.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kenneth Mulondo", - "Warren Parker" - ], - "doi": "10.2989/16085906.2022.2103006", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158844211&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "VED9WES2", - "title": "Unhealthy alcohol use and intimate partner violence among men and women living with HIV in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use are interrelated public health issues. Heavy and frequent alcohol use increase the risk of IPV, but the relationship between alcohol use and IPV (including recent and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration) has not been well described among persons living with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: We used baseline data from the Drinker's Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study. All participants were PWH co-infected with tuberculosis and had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) positive score (hazardous drinking) and positive urine ethyl glucuronide test, indicating recent drinking. High-risk drinking was defined as AUDIT-C\u2009>\u20096 and/or alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth)\u2009\u2265\u2009200 ng/mL. We measured IPV using the Conflict Tactics Scale. We estimated the association between alcohol use level and recent (prior six months) IPV victimization (recent perpetration was too low to study) using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, assets, education, spouse HIV status, religiosity, depressive symptoms, and social desirability. We additionally estimated the interaction of alcohol use and gender on IPV victimization and the association between alcohol use and lifetime victimization and perpetration.Results: One-third of the 408 participants were women. Recent IPV victimization was reported by 18.9% of women and 9.4% of men; perpetration was reported by 3.1% and 3.6% of women and men. One-fifth (21.6%) of those reporting recent IPV victimization also reported perpetration. In multivariable models, alcohol use level was not significantly associated with recent IPV victimization (p\u2009=\u20090.115), nor was the interaction between alcohol use and gender (p\u2009=\u20090.696). Women had 2.34 times greater odds of recent IPV victimization than men (p\u2009=\u20090.016). Increasing age was significantly associated with decreased odds of recent IPV victimization (p\u2009=\u20090.004).Conclusion: Prevalence of IPV victimization was comparable to estimates from a recent national survey, while perpetration among men was lower than expected. Alcohol use level was not associated with IPV victimization. It is possible that alcohol use in this sample was too high to detect differences in IPV. Our results suggest that women and younger PWH are priority populations for IPV prevention.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Amanda P. Miller", - "Robin Fatch", - "Sara Lodi", - "Kara Marson", - "Nneka Emenyonu", - "Allen Kekibiina", - "Brian Beesiga", - "Gabriel Chamie", - "Winnie R. Muyindike", - "Judith A. Hahn" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14295-2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159589280&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "8RFT9YRD", - "title": "Prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers on burns among children under 5\u00a0years in Kisenyi slum, Kampala, Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: Globally, burn related deaths are disproportionately higher among children below 5 years of age compared to other age groups. Although rarely fatal, most burns in this group occur within homes specifically in kitchens. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions of caregivers regarding burns among children under 5 years in an urban slum in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: The study used an analytic cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist, while qualitative data involved use of a key informant interview guide. A total of 426 children were involved in the study, while 6 key informants namely an adult mother, teenage mother, community health worker, health practitioner, father and local leader were interviewed. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the correlates of burn injuries, prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: The prevalence of burns among under-fives was 32%, highest among those aged 24 to 35 months (39%), and least in those below 12 months (10%). Children with single parents (adj PR = 1.56 95% CI 1.07\u20132.29) and those from households in the middle and least poor wealth quintile (adj.PR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.02\u20132.89 and adj.PR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.02\u20133.05, respectively) were more likely to get burns compared to their counterparts in other quintiles. In households where flammables were safely stored, children were less likely to suffer from burn injuries (adj.PR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.44\u20130.83). Congestion, negligence of caregivers, and use of charcoal stoves/open cooking were the commonest determinants of burns. Although many caregivers offered first aid to burn patients, inadequate knowledge of proper care was noted. Crawling children were perceived as being at highest risk of burns. Conclusion: The prevalence of burns among children under 5 years was high, with several household hazards identified. Health education, household modification and applicable public health law enforcement are recommended to reduce hazards and minimise burn risks among children.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Marcia Tusiime", - "David Musoke", - "Fiston Muneza", - "Milton Mutto", - "Olive Kobusingye" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s40621-022-00382-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=157414221&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "I4GQY4I2", - "title": "Using a theory of change in monitoring, evaluating and steering scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda - lessons from the PERFORM2Scale consortium.", - "abstract": "Background: Since 2017, PERFORM2Scale, a research consortium with partners from seven countries in Africa and Europe, has steered the implementation and scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. This article presents PERFORM2Scale's theory of change (ToC) and reflections upon and adaptations of the ToC over time. The article aims to contribute to understanding the benefits and challenges of using a ToC-based approach for monitoring and evaluating the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions, because there is limited documentation of this in the literature.Methods: The consortium held annual ToC reflections that entailed multiple participatory methods, including individual scoring exercises, country and consortium-wide group discussions and visualizations. The reflections were captured in detailed annual reports, on which this article is based.Results: The PERFORM2Scale ToC describes how the management strengthening intervention, which targets district health management teams, was expected to improve health workforce performance and service delivery at scale, and which assumptions were instrumental to track over time. The annual ToC reflections proved valuable in gaining a nuanced understanding of how change did (and did not) happen. This helped in strategizing on actions to further steer the scale-up the intervention. It also led to adaptations of the ToC over time. Based on the annual reflections, these actions and adaptations related to: assessing the scalability of the intervention, documentation and dissemination of evidence about the effects of the intervention, understanding power relationships between key stakeholders, the importance of developing and monitoring a scale-up strategy and identification of opportunities to integrate (parts of) the intervention into existing structures and strategies.Conclusions: PERFORM2Scale's experience provides lessons for using ToCs to monitor and evaluate the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions. ToCs can help in establishing a common vision on intervention scale-up. ToC-based approaches should include a variety of stakeholders and require their continued commitment to reflection and learning on intervention implementation and scale-up. ToC-based approaches can help in adapting interventions as well as scale-up processes to be in tune with contextual changes and stakeholders involved, to potentially increase chances for successful scale-up.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Maryse Kok", - "Susan Bulthuis", - "Marjolein Dieleman", - "Olivier Onvlee", - "Rebecca Murphy", - "Patricia Akweongo", - "Justine Namakula", - "Hastings Banda", - "Kaspar Wyss", - "Joanna Raven", - "Tim Martineau" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08354-y", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158381130&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "Q5MDAS94", - "title": "Refusing aid: Interdependency and development in northern Uganda.", - "abstract": "\"Aid dependency\" has long been a concern among development organizations, because it supposedly discourages the entrepreneurial spirit and thus hinders economic development. But what happens when beneficiaries refuse aid? In this article, I offer an ethnographic account of aid refusal in postconflict northern Uganda. There, members of savings and loan associations negotiate debts and investments through Acholi ethics of ripe, or \"making life experiences together.\" In doing so, they demonstrate that their refusals are not disavowals of development. Rather, they are refusals of development hierarchies and of the financialization of development, both of which risk obstructing Acholi ethics of interdependence. By analyzing ripe and the ways that association members negotiate the ethics of receiving aid, this article offers a counterpoint to dominant, pathologizing discourses of African dependency, corruption, and development\u2014discourses predicated on Western, neoliberal valuations of work and community. In short, this article calls into question the assumption that economic growth is always the sine qua non of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Sarah O'Sullivan" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=162168537&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "6XLRFNDC", - "title": "Barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the intensive adherence counselling framework by healthcare providers in Uganda: a qualitative study.", - "abstract": "Background: Uganda Ministry of Health (UMOH) embraced the World Health Organization recommendation for people living with human immunodeficiency virus with a detectable viral load (VL) exceeding 1000 copies/mL to receive intensive adherence counselling (IAC). The IAC framework was developed as a step-by-step guide for healthcare providers to systematically support persons with non-suppressed VL to develop a comprehensive plan for adhering to treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the current practice of the healthcare providers when providing IAC, and identify the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the UMOH IAC framework at two health centers IV level in rural Uganda.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study that explored the current practices of the healthcare providers when providing IAC, and identified the barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the UMOH IAC framework. We used an interview guide with unstructured questions about what the participants did to support the clients with non-suppressed VL, and semi-structured questions following a checklist of categories of barriers and facilitators that affect 'providers of care' as provided by the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence for policy in African health systems (SURE) framework. Current practice as well as the categories of barriers and facilitators formed the a priori themes which guided data collection and analysis. In this study we only included healthcare providers (i.e., medical doctors, clinical officer, nurses, and counsellors) as 'providers of care' excluding family members because we were interested in the health system.Results: A total of 19 healthcare providers took part in the interviews. The healthcare providers reported lack of sufficient knowledge on the UMOH IAC framework; most of them did not receive prior training or sensitization when it was first introduced. They indicated that they lacked counselling and communication skills to effectively utilize the IAC framework, and they were not motivated to utilize it because of the high workload at the clinics compounded by the limited workforce.Conclusions: Although the UMOH IAC framework is a good step-by-step guide for the healthcare providers, there is need to understand their context and assess readiness to embrace the new behavior before expecting spontaneous uptake and utilization.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Pius Musinguzi", - "Josephine Nambi Najjuma", - "Adellah Arishaba", - "Eric Ochen", - "Racheal Ainembabazi", - "Fred Keizirege", - "Racheal Lillian Sabano", - "Edith K. Wakida", - "Celestino Obua" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08495-0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158813828&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "S9QDGH9B", - "title": "Trends of key surveillance performance indicators of acute flaccid paralysis: a descriptive analysis, Uganda, 2015-2020.", - "abstract": "Background: Polio is disease caused by poliovirus which can in turn cause irreversible paralytic disease, presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP). A sensitive AFP surveillance system, in which all reported AFP cases are evaluated, first to determine if they are true AFP cases or not, is key for tracking polio eradication. True AFP cases are then later categorized as polio AFP or non-polio AFP (NPAFP) cases. Sensitivity is defined by meeting an annual NPAFP rate/100,000 population\u2009<\u200915\u00a0years of\u2009\u2265\u20094/100,000, and an annual stool adequacy (SA) rate of\u2009\u2265\u200980%. We describe Uganda's AFP surveillance performance between 2015-2020, based on the WHO-recommended indicators, including; NPAFP and stool adequacy rate.Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of national AFP surveillance data, 2015-2020 obtained from ministry of health. We evaluated proportion of reported AFP cases that were true AFP, and changes in NPAFP and stool adequacy (SA) rate over the study period. We evaluated the trends in achieving the targeted NPAFP and SA rates from 2015-2020. We used QGIS to illustrate patterns in NPAFP and SA rates across districts and subregions.Results: Among 3,605 AFP cases reported and investigated countrywide from 2015-2020, 3,475 (96%) were true AFP cases. All the true AFP cases were non-polio related. District reporting was near-complete (97-100% each year). Overall, the mean NPAFP rate declined from 3.1/100,000 in 2015 to 2.1/100,000 in 2020. Less than 40% of districts met the NPAFP target rate in all years. The proportion of districts achieving the NPAFP target rate of\u2009\u2265\u20094/100,000 significantly declined from 35% in 2015 to 20% in 2020. The mean annual SA rate nationally was 88% from 2015-2020. Only 66% of districts achieved the SA target rate of\u2009\u2265\u200980% in the study period. The proportion of districts with SA rate\u2009\u2265\u200980% significantly increased from 68 to 80% between 2015 and 2020.Conclusion: Most districts reported AFP cases. However, there was a decline in the NPAFP rate from 2015-2020 and few districts achieved the target rate. The suboptimal AFP surveillance system performance leaves the country at risk of missing ongoing poliovirus transmission. We recommend health worker training on active AFP searches, intensified supportive supervision, increase the number of environmental surveillance sentinel sites to boost AFP surveillance in the country, and periodic review meetings with districts to assess AFP surveillance performance.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Bob Omoda Amodan", - "Annet Kisakye", - "Patricia Thiwe Okumu", - "Sherry Rita Ahirirwe", - "Daniel Kadobera", - "Alfred Driwale", - "Alex Riolexus Ario" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14077-w", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158960093&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "G5Q8NQRP", - "title": "DKSH and Biolin Scientific extend strategic partnership in the APAC region.", - "abstract": "The article reports that DKSH Business Unit Technology has expanded its strategic partnership with Biolin Scientific, a provider of advanced surface science instruments, to include sales, marketing, application support, and after-sales services in several Asia-Pacific countries. Biolin Scientific offers a range of products for surface and interface studies, serving various industries such as biotechnology, chemicals, electronics, and more, across multiple countries in the region.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171332271&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "M2PD3EPR", - "title": "Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data.", - "abstract": "Background: Women with disabilities in developing countries experience significant marginalization, which negatively affects their reproductive health. This study examined the association between disability status and sexual intimate partner violence; the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status; and the variations in the determinants by disability status.Methods: The study, which was based on a merged dataset of 2006, 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic Surveys, used a weighted sample of 9689 cases of married women selected for the domestic violence modules. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions. Other key explanatory variables included partner's alcohol consumption and witnessing parental violence. A model with disability status as an interaction term helped to establish variations in the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status.Results: Sexual IPV was higher among women with disabilities (25% compared to 18%). Disability status predicted sexual intimate partner violence with higher odds among women with disabilities (aOR\u2009=\u20091.51; 95% CI 1.10-2.07). The determinants of sexual intimate partner violence for women with disabilities were: partner's frequency of getting drunk, having witnessed parental violence, occupation, and wealth index. The odds of sexual intimate partner violence were higher among women whose partners often or sometimes got drunk, that had witnessed parental violence, were involved in agriculture and manual work; and those that belonged to the poorer and middle wealth quintiles. Results for these variables revealed similar patterns irrespective of disability status. However, women with disabilities in the agriculture and manual occupations and in the poorer and rich wealth quintiles had increased odds of sexual intimate partner violence compared to nondisabled women in the same categories.Conclusion: Determinants of sexual intimate partner violence mainly relate to partners' behaviors and the socialization process. Addressing sexual intimate partner violence requires prioritizing partners' behaviors, and gender norms and proper childhood modelling, targeting men, women, families and communities. Interventions targeting women with disabilities should prioritize women in agriculture and manual occupations, and those above the poverty line.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Betty Kwagala", - "Johnstone Galande" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14273-8", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159547949&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "4RRCMIKP", - "title": "Environmental backlash mounts as lenders shun East African pipeline. (cover story)", - "abstract": "The outburst offered a Atting introduction to a seldom-discussed energy project, which Uganda and Tanzania say will revolutionise East African oil production, but which has become a target of environmental campaigners. Some worry Europe might have shifted towards renewables by the time new producers such as Uganda begin offering oil to global markets. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Charlie Mitchell" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=157698551&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "TCVYLM7Z", - "title": "A qualitative exploration of Ugandan mental health care workers' perspectives and experiences on sexual and reproductive health of people living with mental illness in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Background: People with Mental Illness experience vast sexual and reproductive health challenges due to the affected mental health. Globally, prevalence of mental illness is on the rise with subsequent increase in the number of people with sexual and reproductive challenges warranting urgent public health intervention. However, information on the perceptions and experiences of mental health workers, the key health care providers for this population is generally lacking yet it's essential for formulation of appropriate policies and public health interventions.Aim: To explore Ugandan mental health care worker's perspectives and experiences on the sexual and reproductive health of people living with mental illness in Uganda in order to generate recommendations to the ministry of health on how it can be improved.Materials and Methods: Qualitative study design was employed with utilization of phone call semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data from 14 mental health workers from Uganda's National mental referral hospital, Butabika. Purposive sampling and convenience recruitment was done and the collected data was analyzed using Thematic content analysis.Results: Four themes were generated which included people with Mental illness having normal sexual needs, mental illness effect on sexuality and relationships, practices for safeguarding sexuality of people with mental illness and the barriers encountered in the provision of sexual and reproductive health services at a mental hospital.Conclusion: People with mental illness experience a multitude of sexual and reproductive health challenges that need public health interventions. However, the integration of sexual and reproductive health services in a mental hospital are not yet successful making people with mental illness to remain with unaddressed health challenges. Policies should therefore be developed and implemented to ensure successful integration of sexual and reproductive health at all mental health service care provision points.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Emily Tumwakire", - "Hofmeister Arnd", - "Yahaya Gavamukulya" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-14128-2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=158998324&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "ZNVX788A", - "title": "Impact of carbonization conditions and adsorbate nature on the performance of activated carbon in water treatment.", - "abstract": "The physical and chemical structure of activated carbon (AC) varies with the carbonization temperature, activation process and time. The texture and toughness of the starting raw material also determine the morphology of AC produced. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area (SBET) is small for AC produced at low temperatures but increases from 500 to 700 \u00b0C, and generally drops in activated carbons synthesized > 700 \u00b0C. Mild chemical activators and low activator concentrations tend to generate AC with high SBET compared to strong and concentrated oxidizing chemicals, acids and bases. Activated carbon from soft starting materials such as cereals and mushrooms have larger SBET approximately twice that of tough materials such as stem berks, shells and bones. The residual functional groups observed in AC vary widely with the starting material and tend to reduce under extreme carbonization temperatures and the use of highly concentrated chemical activators. Further, the adsorption capacity of AC shows dependency on the size of the adsorbate where large organic molecules such as methylene blue are highly adsorbed compared to relatively small adsorbates such as phenol and metal ions. Adsorption also varies with adsorbate concentration, temperature and other matrix parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ibrahim Karume", - "Simon Bbumba", - "Simon Tewolde", - "Is'harq Z. T. Mukasa", - "Muhammad Ntale" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=173804871&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "422NNPHF", - "title": "Trends in inequality in maternal and child health and health care in Uganda: Analysis of the Uganda demographic and health surveys.", - "abstract": "Background: Uganda has made great strides in improving maternal and child health. However, little is known about how this improvement has been distributed across different socioeconomic categories, and how the health inequalities have changed over time. This study analyses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2016 in Uganda, to assess trends in inequality for a variety of mother and child health and health care indicators.Methods: The indicators studied are acknowledged as critical for monitoring and evaluating maternal and child health status. These include infant and child mortality, underweight status, stunting, and prevalence of diarrhea. Antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, delivery in health facilities, contraception prevalence, full immunization coverage, and medical treatment for child diarrhea and Acute Respiratory tract infections (ARI) are all health care indicators. Two metrics of inequity were used: the quintile ratio, which evaluates discrepancies between the wealthiest and poorest quintiles, and the concentration index, which utilizes data from all five quintiles.Results: The study found extraordinary, universal improvement in population averages in most of the indices, ranging from the poorest to the wealthiest groups, between rural and urban areas. However, significant socioeconomic and rural-urban disparities persist. Under-five mortality, malnutrition in children (Stunting and Underweight), the prevalence of anaemia, mothers with low Body Mass Index (BMI), and the prevalence of ARI were found to have worsening inequities. Healthcare utilization measures such as skilled birth attendants, facility delivery, contraceptive prevalence rate, child immunization, and Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net (ITN) usage were found to be significantly lowering disparity levels towards a perfect equity stance. Three healthcare utilization indicators, namely medical treatment for diarrhea, medical treatment for ARI, and medical treatment for fever, demonstrated a perfect equitable situation.Conclusion: Increased use of health services among the poor and rural populations leads to improved health status and, as a result, the elimination of disparities between the poor and the wealthy, rural and urban people.Recommendation: Intervention initiatives should prioritize the impoverished and rural communities while also considering the wealthier and urban groups.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Alex Ayebazibwe Kakama", - "Robert Basaza" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-022-08630-x", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159829307&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "XD5JWGN2", - "title": "Psychological capital and quality of life of refugees in Uganda during COVID-19 pandemic: A serial mediation model", - "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has in the past two years caused and continues to cause enormous effects on lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life. With no known treatment and vaccination, behavioral control measures became central in controlling the pandemic. However, the intensity of the pandemic and the stringent control measures were immensely stressful. The control measures became an added psychological burden to people living in precarious situations such as refugees in low-income countries. Purpose: Given the benefits of psychological capital, the present study aimed at investigating the role of psychological capital in enhancing the quality of life among refugees in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the effects of psychological capital on quality of life are serially mediated through coping strategies, adherence to COVID-19 control measures, and mental health. Methods: Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire in July and August 2020 after the first lockdown. Participants were 353 South Sudanese and Somali refugees living in Kampala city suburbs and Bidibidi refugee settlement. Findings: Psychological capital was positively associated with approach coping, mental health, and quality of life. However, psychological capital was negatively associated with adherence to COVID-19 control measures. Significant indirect effects of psychological capital on quality of life through approach coping, mental health, and adherence were found. However, serial mediation effects were only substantial via approach coping and mental health. Conclusion: Psychological capital is an important resource in coping with the challenges posed by COVID-19 and maintaining a good level of psychological functioning and quality of life. Preserving and boosting psychological capital is essential in responding to COVID-19 and other related disasters and crises, which are common in vulnerable populations such as refugee communities in low-income countries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Martin Mabunda Baluku" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s41042-023-00091-9", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2023-55476-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "A5AZZCUI", - "title": "Motivational interviewing experiences from a community health worker-led hiv prevention and care intervention in rural uganda: A qualitative study", - "abstract": "ABSTRACT Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Community Health Workers (CHWs) are increasingly utilized in global settings to improve HIV outcomes, yet research exploring implementation strategies using MI and CHWs is lacking. We examined the experiences of CHWs and their clients in a counseling intervention which used MI-informed counseling to increase engagement in HIV prevention and treatment. This study was nested within the mLAKE cluster-randomized trial in a high HIV prevalence fishing community in rural Rakai District, Uganda. We conducted in-depth interviews with purposively-sampled CHWs (n = 8) and clients (n = 51). Transcripts were analyzed thematically to characterize CHWs\u2019 implementation of the intervention. Main themes identified included use of specific MI strategies (including evocation, guidance towards positive behavior change, active listening, and open-ended questions), and MI spirit (including collaboration, power-sharing, trust, and non-judgmental relationship building). Through these specific MI mechanisms, CHWs supported client behavior change to facilitate engagement with HIV services. This study provides evidence from a low-resource setting that CHWs with no previous experience in MI can successfully implement MI-informed counseling that is well-received by clients. CHW-led MI-informed counseling appears to be a feasible and effective approach to increase uptake of HIV prevention and care services in low-resource, HIV endemic regions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Holly Nishimura", - "Rose Pollard Kaptchuk", - "Ismail Mbabali", - "Jeremiah Mulamba", - "Neema Nakyanjo", - "Aggrey Anok", - "Maria J. Wawer", - "Caitlin E. Kennedy", - "Gertrude Nakigozi", - "Larry W. Chang", - "K. Rivet Amico", - "Heidi Hutton" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2023.2253504", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2024-11379-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "XVMQXXUY", - "title": "On $1+3$ covariant perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian spacetime in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity.", - "abstract": "Summary: ``The consideration of a $1 + 3$ covariant approach to cold dark matter universe with no shear cosmological dust model with irrotational flows is developed in the context of $f(G)$ gravity theory in this study. This approach reveals the existence of integrability conditions which do not appear in noncovariant treatments. We constructed the integrability conditions in modified Gauss-Bonnet $f(G)$ gravity basing on the constraints and propagation equations. These integrability conditions reveal the linearized silent nature of quasi-Newtonian models in $f(G)$ gravity. Finally, the linear equations for the over-density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian spacetime were constructed in the context of modified $f(G)$ gravity. The application of harmonic decomposition and redshift transformation techniques to explore the behavior of the overdensity and velocity perturbations using $f(G)$ model was made. On the other hand, we applied the quasi-static approximation to study the approximated solutions on small scales which helps to get both analytical and numerical results of the perturbation equations. The analysis of the energy overdensity and velocity perturbations for both short- and long-wavelength modes in a dust-Gauss-Bonnet fluids was done and we see that both energy overdensity and velocity perturbations decay with redshift for both modes. In the limits to $\\Lambda$CDM, it means $f(G) = G$ the considered $f(G)$ model results coincide with $\\Lambda$CDM.''", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Albert Munyeshyaka", - "Joseph Ntahompagaze", - "Tom Mutabazi", - "Manasse R. Mbonye" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=msn&AN=MR4624605&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "APRZXSTJ", - "title": "7TH ANNUAL ASCP SKIN DEEP READERS CHOICE AWARDS.", - "abstract": "The article presents the winners of the 2023 American Society for Clinical Pathology Periodical Readers' Choice Awards, with Green Tea Citrus Cleanser from Skin Script, Mystiq Perfecting Eye Cr\u00e8me from Lira Clinical, and Refine Polish from Hale & Hush, in various skincare categories.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=165102276&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "3KEP5239", - "title": "Acute flaccid myelitis: Not uncommon in rural Uganda?", - "abstract": "Acute Flaccid Myelitis is a paralytic illness with significant similarities to poliomyelitis, and which affects predominantly children. It was first fully delineated only in 2014 in the USA, occurring in epidemic clusters with a likely overall increasing incidence. It has subsequently rapidly been identified in Europe, the UK, and Australasia and the Far East, confirming it to be an emerging, global, infectious neurological disease. It has, however, been very little studied in low- and middle-income countries\u2014reflecting partly of the global imbalance in science and medical research, and partly the extremely low provision of neurological care in most low- and middle-income countries: Uganda currently has no specialized neurology services outside the capital Kampala. During extended visits over a 2-year period with involvement in acute adult and paediatric internal medicine, one of us (NS) encountered at least six new patients with acute flaccid myelitis, suggesting that both the geographical reach and the frequency of the disorder may be significantly greater than previously thought. Here, these cases are described together with their clinical features and, where available, course and (limited) investigation results. These observations have significant implications concerning the current, and potentially the future geographical spread of the disease, and its clinical phenomenology. In addition, they highlight serious problems concerning the global applicability of the current Acute Flaccid Myelitis diagnostic criteria. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Sam Olum", - "Charlotte Scolding", - "Venice Omona", - "Kansiime Jackson", - "Neil Scolding" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/braincomms/fcad246", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2024-27495-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "9S8T7V7K", - "title": "Perturbations in the interacting vacuum.", - "abstract": "Summary: ``In this study, we present the evolution of cosmological perturbations in a universe consisting of standard matter and interacting vacuum. We use the $1+ 3$ covariant formalism in perturbation framework and consider two different models for the interacting vacuum; namely, a linear interacting model and interaction with creation pressure model. For both models, we derive the evolution equations governing the growth of linear perturbations for both radiation- and dust-dominated universe. We find numerical solutions in appropriate limits, namely long and short wavelengths. For both models, the perturbations grow with time (decay with redshift), showing that structure formation is possible in an accelerated cosmic background. The perturbation amplitudes---and their relative scalings with those of $\\Lambda$CDM---depend on the values of the interaction parameters considered, and in a way that can be used to constrain the models using existing and future large-scale structure data. In the vanishing limits of the coupling parameters of the interaction, we show that standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology, both background and perturbed, is recovered.''", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Albert Munyeshyaka", - "Joseph Ntahompagaze", - "Tom Mutabazi", - "Manasse R. Mbonye", - "Abraham Ayirwanda", - "Fidele Twagirayezu", - "Amare Abebe" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=msn&AN=MR4550002&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "HZQFRQ6Z", - "title": "In-Cosmetics Asia To Spotlight Key Developments in APAC Cosmetics Market.", - "abstract": "The article reports that In-Cosmetics Asia will focus on key developments in the APAC cosmetics market, highlighting the influence of social media, beauty influencers, and location on cosmetic sales in urban and rural areas. It mentions trends such as \"skinimalism\" and hybrid cosmetics are gaining popularity in the region as consumers look for streamlined cosmetic experiences, while anti-aging products benefit from an increasingly elderly population and growing consumer awareness.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172937198&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "47E8NXRB", - "title": "Low heads to GCF, Seoul.", - "abstract": "According to his LinkedIn profile: \"My role will be driving the GFC's energy, industry and transport portfolio - assisting public and private sectors in incorporating climate mitigation and adaptation principles by using GCF's wide range of concessional financing instruments to deliver resilient investments giving beneficial socio-economic and environmental impacts.\" Low is Scottish, but has been working across APAC for most of his career first of all rising the role of Japan country manager for Mott MacDonald and then out of Singapore as Asia Pacific infrastructure services director. Euan Low - a long-established Asia Pacific infrastructure hand - has started in a new role, at the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in Seoul, South Korea. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Angus Leslie Melville" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170047952&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "SC8SVNXF", - "title": "Turkey's New-Look Central Bank to Keep Rate-Hike Pace.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A revamped lineup of Turkish central bankers is meeting for the first time on Thursday, setting up a decision that will look to dispel doubts in the market and could ensure the pace of interest-rate increases doesn't slow again. Read more: Lira Lifeline Became $124 Billion Problem That Haunts Turkey The new rules amount to a \"stealth rate hike\" and follow an earlier decision to raise reserve requirements that could mean an additional 40 basis points of tightening, according to Bloomberg Economics. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Beril Akman" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170410874&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "7L43T8Y8", - "title": "Ugandan Bonds Can Bounce Back From World Bank Funding Setback.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A surge in yields on Uganda's local-currency debt spurred by the World Bank's decision to halt new loans in protest at new anti-LGBTQ laws may reverse as global sentiment improves and the government unveils new sources of financing, according to Absa Bank Ltd. The yield on Ugandan-shilling bonds maturing in 2033 has spiked by more than 100 basis points since the multilateral lender suspended its financing for the country earlier this month. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Colleen Goko" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170410950&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "HDTMNWMX", - "title": "Isbank to Pool Units in New Holding Firm to Boost Efficiency.", - "abstract": "They include listed glassmaker Sisecam, lender TSKB, brokerage Is Investment, builder Is REIT and private pensions firm Anadolu Hayat, as well as 11 other companies. \"A potential IPO of the new entity, divestitures and mergers of the group companies, or potential new investment areas may help unlock the hidden value of the bank's strong participation portfolio and provide easier access to finance the projects\", Oner said, raising his 12-month price target for the bank by 45% to 24 liras. (Bloomberg) -- Turkey's biggest listed bank by assets will spin off its units to a new holding company in a bid to manage them more efficiently. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tugce Ozsoy" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=170744573&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "QPNZPTBM", - "title": "Turkish Inflation Nears 60%, Piling Pressure on Central Bank.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkish inflation accelerated to the fastest this year, underscoring the central bank's challenge as it raises interest rates to try to end a cost-of-living crisis. Gains in the lira since a bigger-than-anticipated rate hike in late August may ease some pressure on prices. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Baris Balci" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171371772&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "879TGNTX", - "title": "Turkey Circles Wagons to Convince Markets This Time Is Different.", - "abstract": "Simsek, appointed in June shortly after Erdogan's reelection, joined a round-table on Thursday together with central bank Governor Hafize Gaye Erkan and other top officials. Simsek and Erkan refrained from providing a roadmap for winding down the country's emergency lira savings program that's indexed to the exchange rate. (Bloomberg) -- Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is fully onboard with new policies that require monetary tightening, according to the country's finance minister, in the latest show of unity over ending an era of cheap money. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Firat Kozok", - "Beril Akman" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=171811778&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "P6C7A3PD", - "title": "Qatar National Bank's Turkey Unit More Valuable Than Its Parent.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- A more than 500% rally in shares of Qatar National Bank's Turkish unit this year has given the stock a higher value than its parent. QNB Finansbank AS has seen its market capitalization jump to 1.1 trillion liras ($41 billion) - taking it above QNB, the biggest Gulf bank by assets, which has a market value of about $40 billion. Only about 4 million of the more than 3.3 billion QNB Finansbank shares outstanding are publicly traded, with 99.9% of the stock closely held by QNB, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tugce Ozsoy", - "Kerim Karakaya" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172366540&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "7VU55C2A", - "title": "Turkey Escalates Syria Airstrikes After Rare Conflict with US.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkey intensified airstrikes on America's Kurdish allies in Syria after the US shot down a Turkish drone in the region, a rare instance of two NATO allies coming into conflict and which led the lira to weaken. The US, for its part, has warned Turkey against unilateral airstrikes that could threaten American personnel. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Selcan Hacaoglu", - "Firat Kozok" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172850150&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "I279B6P3", - "title": "Turkish Builder Calls Investor Meeting to Extend Bond Maturity.", - "abstract": "Nurol Insaat ve Ticaret AS called investors in the 1.4 billion-lira ($51 million) bonds that mature next year to hold a restructuring meeting on Oct. 20. (Bloomberg) -- Turkish builder Nurol is asking investors to extend the maturity of its floating-rate bonds issued two years ago - with a senior executive denying the move was related to rising interest rates in the country. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Taylan Bilgic" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172440204&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "JXAQCGQI", - "title": "Turkey Escalates Syria Airstrikes After US Downs Its Drone.", - "abstract": "(Bloomberg) -- Turkey intensified airstrikes on America's Kurdish allies in Syria after the US shot down a Turkish drone in the region, a rare instance of two NATO allies coming into conflict and which led the lira to weaken. The US, for its part, has warned Turkey against unilateral airstrikes that could threaten American personnel. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Selcan Hacaoglu", - "Firat Kozok" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172850249&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "JI8J6JMT", - "title": "South Korean Crypto Exchange Upbit Wins Singapore Permit.", - "abstract": "Singapore, a financial hub in Asia, will allow Upbit to offer its services in \"retail, institutional, and infrastructure focused businesses\", Alex Kim, founder and CEO of Upbit Singapore, said in the statement Upbit Singapore is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Upbit APAC - a holding company that also operates regulated digital asset exchanges in Thailand and Indonesia: statement NOTE: The MAS grants a full license subject to meeting certain conditions following the IPA --With assistance from Hooyeon Kim. (Bloomberg) -- South Korean leading crypto exchange Upbit has received an in-principle approval from the Monetary Authority of Singapore to offer digital payment token services in the city state, according to a company statement. [Extracted from the article]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Suvashree Ghosh" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=173014861&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "PRNWVW9V", - "title": "Not now, son.", - "abstract": "The article offers information on the complicated relationship of Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda, with their sons. It further discusses that General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, his eldest son, promoting him in the army, now wants to be at the top; agitation of General Kainerugaba touches the most sensitive issue in Ugandan politics: relations with neighbouring Rwanda; and also mentions about Kainerugaba intension to stand at the next election, in 2026.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hus&AN=162765495&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "AIYWKQQJ", - "title": "Community dialogue meetings among district leaders improved their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Western Uganda, May 2021.", - "abstract": "Background: Widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake can facilitate epidemic control. A February 2021 study in Uganda suggested that public vaccine uptake would follow uptake among leaders. In May 2021, Baylor Uganda led community dialogue meetings with district leaders from Western Uganda to promote vaccine uptake. We assessed the effect of these meetings on the leaders' COVID-19 risk perception, vaccine concerns, perception of vaccine benefits and access, and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: All departmental district leaders in the 17 districts in Western Uganda, were invited to the meetings, which lasted approximately four hours. Printed reference materials about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines were provided to attendees at the start of the meetings. The same topics were discussed in all meetings. Before and after the meetings, leaders completed self-administered questionnaires with questions on a five-point Likert Scale about risk perception, vaccine concerns, perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the vaccine. We analyzed the findings using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Results: Among 268 attendees, 164 (61%) completed the pre- and post-meeting questionnaires, 56 (21%) declined to complete the questionnaires due to time constraints and 48 (18%) were already vaccinated. Among the 164, the median COVID-19 risk perception scores changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong agreement with being at high risk) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Vaccine concern scores reduced, with medians changing from 4 (worried about vaccine side effects) pre-meeting to 2 (not worried) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Median scores regarding perceived COVID-19 vaccine benefits changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very beneficial) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for perceived vaccine access increased from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very accessible) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for willingness to receive the vaccine changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong willingness) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 dialogue meetings led to district leaders' increased risk perception, reduced concerns, and improvement in perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. These could potentially influence public vaccine uptake if leaders are vaccinated publicly as a result. Broader use of such meetings with leaders could increase vaccine uptake among themselves and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga", - "Arthur G. Fitzmaurice", - "Allan Komakech", - "Tom Dias Odoi", - "Daniel Kadobera", - "Lilian Bulage", - "Benon Kwesiga", - "Peter James Elyanu", - "Alex Riolexus Ario", - "Julie R. Harris" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-023-15903-5", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=flh&AN=163943247&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "978TPMWJ", - "title": "The mediating effect of knowledge management on talent management and firm performance in small and medium enterprise in Uganda.", - "abstract": "Purpose: This study examines the mediating effect of an effective knowledge management (KM) in the relationship between talent management (TM) and organizational performance. This study was operationalized among the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a sample of 260 SMEs business. The data collected was analyzed using correlations and hierarchical regression to test the mediating effect of KM on the relationship between TM and firm performance. Findings: The findings show that KM mediates the relationship between TM and firm performance. They also suggest that TM contribute to enhancing performance through improvements in KM. Research limitations: The sample used in the research is not representative of all the SMEs operating in Uganda. This limitation presents the challenge of generalising and we therefore suggest caution when interpreting the results. We note the challenge of a skewed sample. For instance, most of the respondents to our study were confined to tailoring and design and metal and fabrication sectors. The skewed sample is a notable limitation of the research. The study was limited to Uganda only hence it did not capture information relating to other geographical settings, which may limit the effectiveness of the findings therein. Practical implications: Based on the findings of the study, the managers of the SME can use the study results to develop strategies and interventions that can enable their firms to improve on their performance even in the harsh economic environment through adopting positive practices such as KM. Originality/value: This paper contributes by filling a gap in HR management and SMEs literature, in which empirical studies on the relationship between TM and firm performance have been limited until now. This may create better research opportunities for cross-disciplinary papers that should be done by human resource, small business management and KM scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Janet Kyogabiirwe Bagorogoza", - "Idah Nakasule" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=trh&AN=158933872&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "EMRHV5FS", - "title": "The role of the university and institutional support for climate change education interventions at two African universities.", - "abstract": "This paper presents findings on the role of the university and institutional support for climate change education interventions at two universities in East Africa. The findings were part of a larger study on opportunities and challenges for climate change education at universities in the African context: A comparative case study of Makerere University in Uganda and University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. A comparative multiple case study design was adopted collecting qualitative data from 58 lecturers, researchers, administrators and students on climate change related programmes at the two universities. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis was done using thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke's (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 1\u201341, 2006) approach with the help of MAXDA software. Findings from the cross-case analysis revealed similarities and differences in perspectives and multiple realities of participants at both universities regarding the role of the university and institutional support for climate change education in the African context. The findings shed light on the context and nature of climate change education interventions and how these are supported at both universities. The study contributes to empirical literature on the role of higher education in addressing climate change and the institutional support to the interventions in the African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "David Ssekamatte" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=trh&AN=161248891&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "CTMBWHAM", - "title": "Photovoicing Empowerment and Social Change for Youth Living With HIV/AIDS in Uganda.", - "abstract": "In this article, we present new insights to the application of photovoice as a tool for empowerment of the marginalized and an antecedent for social change. Special attention is directed to the use of photovoice in raising critical consciousness of the stigmatized and marginalized youth living with HIV/AIDS as a catalyst for empowerment through both the process and content of the research. The article also expounds on the practical execution of photovoice that is not adequately elaborated in projects within resource limited settings.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Emmanuel Kimera", - "Sofie Vindevogel" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/10497323221123022", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159306882&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "DTIPFN8S", - "title": "10 Companies to Watch.", - "abstract": "The article presents a comparison of company stocks as of October 9, 2023 including those from AutoNation Inc., China Resources Land Ltd., and Budweiser Brewing Co. APAC.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Kevin Tynan", - "Patrick Wong", - "Sharnie Wong", - "Tamlin Bason", - "Tom Ward", - "Ada Li", - "Patricio Alvarez", - "Ken Shea", - "Philip Richards", - "Omid Vaziri" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=172791978&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - }, - { - "key": "4KP3QZFE", - "title": "Intrauterine transfusion of a hydropic fetus with anemia due to a giant chorioangioma: A case report.", - "abstract": "Giant chorioangiomas are a potentially life-threatening condition that may require intrauterine therapy. We describe a case of a large chorioangioma (>4cm) diagnosed at 30\u00a0weeks of gestation causing severe fetal anemia and hydrops. An intrauterine blood transfusion was performed at 31\u00a0weeks with reversal of the anemia and hydrops. The neonate was born at 37\u00a0weeks showing respiratory distress syndrome that required neonatal intensive care unit admission but was discharged at 30\u00a0days of life. Further evaluation at two months of age showed no signs of abnormal neurodevelopment. When timely indicated, intrauterine transfusion of a hydropic fetus with anemia due to a giant chorioangioma is a potentially life-saving therapy that shows good neurodevelopment of the surviving fetus.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ma de la Luz Bermudez-Rojas", - "Virginia Medina-Jimenez", - "Alina Lira-Diaz", - "Miguel A. Sanchez-Rodriguez", - "Maria Yolotzin Valdespino-Vazquez", - "Raigam Jafet Martinez-Portilla" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.09.010", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=159743153&site=ehost-live&scope=site" - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/exportedris-file-1-of-1-1_zotero_items.json b/data/exportedris-file-1-of-1-1_zotero_items.json deleted file mode 100644 index b7cb67e3849aead08d1f141ca7fc561fad3a07a5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/exportedris-file-1-of-1-1_zotero_items.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,813 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "key": "B4DGMAWK", - "title": "Afghanistan Safety Nets Evaluation", - "abstract": "The primary objective of this evaluation is to estimate the causal impact of an unconditional cash transfer on the ability of the poorest families in select districts in Afghanistan to smooth consumption during seasonal shocks (e.g., winter-related, agricultural, and water shocks). Secondarily, the study will assess intervention effects on other economic outcomes, ownership and preservation of assets, child wellbeing (including nutrition, education, and refrainment from labor), migration, psychological well-being, and confidence in institutions. The target population consists of the poorest quintile of families with children under the age of five. Unconditional cash transfers will be provided to poor families in three installments: before, at the beginning, and at the end of the lean season. The annual benefit will amount to approximately 8,500 AFN (125 USD) for families with one more child under five; each payment installment is of equal amount.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Matthew Morton", - "Lucian Bucur Pop" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://ridie.3ieimpact.org/index.php?r=search/detailView&id=404" - }, - { - "key": "P2VD3QWB", - "title": "Financial Education and Financial Access for Transnational Households: Field Experimental Evidence from the Philippines", - "abstract": "We implemented a randomized controlled trial among transnational households in the Philippines estimating impacts of a financial education treatment, a financial access treatment, and the combination of the two on financial behaviors. We test whether there are complementarities between both interventions and provide insight into the nature of constraints operating in financial services markets. We find no evidence of complementarities between the financial education and access treatments. In addition, while we find no evidence of constraints in access to formal credit and savings products, our results suggest that access constraints exist in the formal insurance market. Impacts on other financial behaviors are suggestive of the importance of information constraints in financial decision-making. These results provide guidance to designers of financial interventions in similar populations.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Abarcar P", - "Barua R", - "Yang D" - ], - "doi": "10.1086/703045", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "QD6ZPX6I", - "title": "Labor Supply Responses to Large Social Transfers: Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa", - "abstract": "We quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged adults to the presence of pensioners in their households, using longitudinal data collected in South Africa. We compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt and pension loss, which allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We,find large cash transfers to the elderly lead to increased employment among prime-aged adults, which occurs primarily through labor migration. The pension's impact is attributable to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere. (JEL H23, H55, I38, J22, O15)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ardington C", - "Case A", - "Hosegood V" - ], - "doi": "10.1257/app.1.1.22", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "VUJDLBR5", - "title": "Aid programs' unintended effects: The case of Progresa and migration", - "abstract": "This paper analyzes the effect of aid on international and domestic migration and explores the causal effect of income on migration. The theoretical model predicts that the effect of aid \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Angelucci M" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=868646" - }, - { - "key": "29J6T354", - "title": "Information, Intermediaries, and International Migration", - "abstract": "Job seekers face substantial information frictions, especially in international labor markets where intermediaries match prospective migrants with overseas employers. We conducted a randomized trial in Indonesia to explore how information about intermediary quality shapes migration outcomes. Holding access to information about the return to choosing a high-quality intermediary constant, intermediary-specific quality disclosure reduces the migration rate, cutting use of low-quality providers. Workers who do migrate receive better pre-departure preparation and have improved experiences abroad, despite no change in occupation or destination. These results are not driven by changes in beliefs about average provider quality or the return to migration. Nor does selection explain improved outcomes for those who migrate with quality disclosure. Together, our findings are consistent with an increase in the option value of search: with better ability to differentiate offer quality, workers search longer, select higher-quality intermediaries, and ultimately have better migration experiences.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Bazzi Samuel", - "Cameron Lisa", - "Schaner Simone", - "Witoelar Firman" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "YIL3BQE5", - "title": "An Adaptive Targeted Field Experiment: Job Search Assistance for Refugees in Jordan", - "abstract": "We introduce an adaptive targeted treatment assignment methodology for field experiments. Our Tempered Thompson Algorithm balances the goals of maximizing the precision of treatment effect estimates and maximizing the welfare of experimental participants. A hierarchical Bayesian model allows us to adaptively target treatments. We implement our methodology in Jordan, testing policies to help Syrian refugees and local jobseekers to find work. The immediate employment impacts of a small cash grant, information and psychological support are small, but targeting raises employment by 1 percentage-point (20%). After four months, cash has a sizable effect on employment and earnings of Syrians.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Caria Stefano", - "Gordon Grant", - "Kasy Maximilian", - "Quinn Simon", - "Shami Soha", - "Teytelboym Alexander" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "JINCDGIG", - "title": "Social Protection and Labor Market Outcomes of Youth in South Africa", - "abstract": "An Apartheid-driven spatial mismatch between workers and jobs leads to high job search costs for people living in rural areas of South Africa--costs that many young people cannot pay. In this article, the authors examine whether the arrival of a social grant--specifically a generous state-funded old-age pension given to men and women above prime age--enhances the ability of young men in rural areas to seek better work opportunities elsewhere. Based on eight waves of socioeconomic data on household living arrangements and household members' characteristics and employment status, collected between 2001 and 2011 at a demographic surveillance site in KwaZulu-Natal, the authors find that young men are significantly more likely to become labor migrants when someone in their household becomes age-eligible for the old-age pension. But this effect applies only to those who have completed high school (matric), who are on average 8 percentage points more likely to migrate for work when their households become pension eligible, compared with other potential labor migrants. The authors also find that, upon pension loss, it is the youngest migrants who are the most likely to return to their sending households, perhaps because they are the least likely to be self-sufficient at the time the pension is lost. The evidence is consistent with binding credit constraints limiting young men from poorer households from seeking more lucrative work elsewhere.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ardington Cally", - "Barnighausen Till", - "Case Anne", - "Menendez Alicia" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "F3ZV6MYR", - "title": "Unilateral Facilitation Does Not Raise International Labor Migration From The Philippines", - "abstract": "Significant income gains from migrating from poorer to richer countries have motivated unilateral (source-country) policies facilitating labor emigration. However, their effectiveness is unknown. We conducted a large-scale randomized experiment in the Philippines testing the impact of unilaterally facilitating international labor migration. Our most intensive treatment doubled the rate of job offers but had no identifiable effect on international labor migration. Even the highest overseas job-search rate we induced (22%), falls far short of the share initially expressing interest in migrating (34%). We conclude that unilateral migration facilitation will at most induce a trickle, not a flood, of additional emigration.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Beam Emily A", - "Mckenzie David", - "Yang Dean" - ], - "doi": "10.1086/683999", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/683999" - }, - { - "key": "7CUVDKRR", - "title": "Long-term impacts of the oportunidades conditional cash transfer program on rural youth in Mexico", - "abstract": "This paper studies the long-term effects of partici pation in the Mexican Oportunidades program on a\nvariety of outcomes and behaviors of rural youth in\nMexico. It analyzes data from a social experiment,\nwhich randomly phased-in the program in rural Mex ican villages. In 1997, 320 villages (the treatment\ngroup) were randomly selected for early incorpora tion into the program and 186 villages (the control\ngroup) were designated as a control group to be in corporated eighteen months later. This paper ex amines whether differential exposure to the program\nsignificantly impacted educational attainment, labor\nmarket outcomes, marriage, migration and cognitive\nachievement of youth. The results show positive im pacts of longer exposure on grades of schooling at tained, but no effects on achievement tests. With\nrespect to work, we find an overall reduction in work\nfor male youth.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Behrman J R", - "Parker S W", - "Todd P E" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "PKYZCRJU", - "title": "Climate and Resilience Impact Evaluation Window: Experimental Evidence from Several Countries", - "abstract": "The concept of resilience has gained attention because it recognises the importance of addressing shorter-term humanitarian needs while simultaneously supporting communities to face future crises induced by climate change, conflict, and other factors. Many institutions, including the World Food Programme (WFP), have increasingly used the concept as a basis for their programming. WFP's integrated packages of interventions aim to improve food security and nutrition by smoothing food consumption in the short-term, while supporting livelihoods and addressing barriers to development (e.g., better climate information, access to markets, education, WASH, etc.) in the long-term. While all programme activities are potentially important for building resilience, livelihood activities are clearly connected to both immediate and future wellbeing. These activities include cash or in-kind transfers to the household and support for creating assets that could benefit the household or the community in the future. Therefore, livelihood activities have the potential to support households in improving and maintaining their wellbeing when facing future shocks and stressors. This pre-analysis plan describes policy experiments to estimate the impacts of experimentally varying WFP's activities on resilience as measured by community and household wellbeing. This approach follows others in conceptualizing resilience through changes in wellbeing (Knippenberg et al, 2019, Phadera et al. 2019, Jones and Tanner, 2017; Barrett et al, 2020). We design and run these experiments in the context of livelihoods programs implemented by the World Food Programme (WFP) across 6 countries. Beyond testing the overall impact of livelihood activities on wellbeing, a key ambition of this paper is to investigate whether activities themselves can be timed to accommodate households? vulnerability to seasonal fluctuations and shocks that are often connected to weather patterns and agricultural cycle. We identify two such mechanisms: adjusting the timing of cash transfers and labor requirements; and/or allowing for re-targeting participants over time to account for changes in vulnerability status.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.6851-3.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/6851" - }, - { - "key": "IDE53VC5", - "title": "Migration policy: did an emergency provision displace standard rules? Evidence from Italy", - "abstract": "In 2011, to manage the exceptional flow of people escaping North Africa, the Italian government released the North Africa Emergency (Emergenza Nord Africa, ENA) provision, temporarily relaxing migration policies for some categories of asylum seekers. Using data from an important charity, we perform baseline difference-in-differences regressions to investigate the impact of this emergency rule on the probability of migrants regularizing their legal status. We exploit the timing of the enactment of the ENA accessibility criteriasuch that potential beneficiaries learned of its existence only after the realization of the state of entitlementto identify the effects of the emergency policy provision on treated and control groups of immigrants. The results show an increased number of successful applications in favor of eligible individuals, although a dramatic boost in the denial rate for other migrants is also observed. This suggests either that some migrants suffered displacement due to the emergency rule, and/or that improper submissions of ENA-oriented applications have occurred. We extend our analysis to the use of multilevel models to shed light on these possible (non-mutually excludable) explanations. Results seem to support the presence of some rule-displacement effects, although the existence of a set of wrongful submissions cannot be excluded. We discuss these possibilities from a policy perspective.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "dalla Pellegrina L", - "Saraceno M", - "Suardi M" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s40888-018-0128-0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "44ICCPGX", - "title": "Does the Role Model Encourage Female Labor Force Participation? Field Experiment in Bangladesh", - "abstract": "Enhancing female labor force participation is considered key to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and women?s empowerment. Despite its importance both at the national and household/individual levels, the female labor force participation rate remains low in South Asian countries. It has been a great interest for researchers and policy makers how to enhance female labor force participation in these countries. We investigate whether providing unmarried young women and their parents with information about working conditions through the role model working women encourages unmarried young women?s labor force participation in rural Bangladesh, and if so, how. For this objective, we conduct the randomized controlled trial.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.4940-2.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/4940" - }, - { - "key": "AEMAYDTW", - "title": "Managing the impact of climate on migration: Evidence from Mexico", - "abstract": "Although there is a growing literature on the impact of climate and weather-related events on migration, little is known about the mitigating effect of policies directed toward the agricultural sector, or aimed at insuring against environmental disasters. This paper uses state-level data on migration flows between Mexico and the USA from 1999 to 2012 to investigate the mitigating impact of an agricultural cash transfer program (PROCAMPO) and a disaster fund (Fonden) on the migration response to weather shocks. We find that Fonden decreases migration in response to heavy rainfall, hurricanes and droughts. Increases in PROCAMPO amounts paid to small producers play a more ambiguous role in the migration response to shocks. Changes in the distribution of PROCAMPO payments favoring more vulnerable producers in the non-irrigated ejido sector, however, seem to mitigate the impact of droughts on migration.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Chort I", - "Rupelle M de La" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s00148-022-00894-1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00148-022-00894-1" - }, - { - "key": "74WHPTAN", - "title": "Impact assessment of the Migrant Resource Centres in the Silk Routes Region", - "abstract": "Executive summary Several Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) have been set up in recent years jointly by national administrations of origin and destination countries and the \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Dennison J" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.budapestprocess.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ICMPD_MRC_impact_assessment_2022.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "EYAF27EQ", - "title": "Employment and Irregular Migration: Evidence from Two Randomized Controlled Trials in Egypt", - "abstract": "Addressing the root causes of irregular migration has become a key policy priority in Europe. The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF) was launched in 2015 with a budget of 5 billion euros to support projects aiming at deterring irregular migration flows from 26 origin countries. One of these projects is implemented by the Egyptian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency (MSMEDA) and targets unemployed youth in areas with the highest outflows of irregular migrants. We implement two randomized evaluations to assess whether (i) cash-for-work opportunities, and (ii) training and employment support have the intended effects on the direct beneficiaries and their relatives (household decision-maker, other household members, children, and friends). We assess impacts on people?s preferences and attitudes towards migration, irregular migration, as well as changes in their situation, aspirations, and expectations.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.10604-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/10604" - }, - { - "key": "BBGCWFN6", - "title": "Enhancing Female Entrepreneurship through Cash Grants: Experimental Evidence from Rural Tunisia", - "abstract": "This research is a product of the World Bank's Middle East and North Africa Gender Innovation Lab (MNAGIL), which conducts rigorous impact evaluations and inferential \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Zineb SB" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://ericmvukiyehe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/3-Enhancing-Female-Entrepreneurship-through-Cash-Grants-Experimental-Evidence-from-Rural-Tunisia-1.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "LU7SCHNY", - "title": "Estimating the Impacts of Volunteer vs. Paraprofessional Community Worker Interventions among Conditional Cash Transfer Recipients in the Dominican Republic", - "abstract": "This project seeks to estimate the impacts of providing social intermediation services to poor recipients of conditional cash transfers (CCT) in the Dominican Republic (DR). Employing a randomized control trial design, the project will randomly assign either i) referred volunteer, ii) publicly-recruited volunteer, or iii) university-recruited paid paraprofessional \"community workers\" to provide monthly visits to newly enrolled and existing CCT beneficiaries. Households in one arm of the study will only receive cash transfers and will not receive home visits by community workers and an additional arm will include households that are pure controls. Key outcomes of interest include beneficiaries' compliance with program conditionalities, household consumption, primary and secondary school attendance, use of health and other local public services, participation in vocational training, labor market participation, and knowledge of the wellness curriculum administered during the monthly household visits. Data on these key outcomes will be collected both administratively by the DR government and through conducting midline and endline household surveys. In addition to estimating impacts on beneficiary households, the project is designed to estimate the impacts of the community worker employment experience on community worker candidates themselves in terms of their own income, political and community engagement, leadership activities, and subjective wellbeing. Specifically, volunteer and paid employment offers will be randomly offered among those community worker candidates screened into the selection process.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.1778-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1778" - }, - { - "key": "CDAYBE26", - "title": "Evaluation of a Program for the Professionalization of Artisans (ProfArts) in Ghana", - "abstract": "Training and professionalization interventions are an important vehicle for economic support within the development assistance landscape. Yet rigorous quantitative impact evaluations of such programs remain scarce, especially in developing countries. In order to help fill this research gap, we will conduct a rigorous impact evaluation of a program for the Professionalization of Artisans (ProfArts) in Ghana. The program will deliver top-up training, licensing, certification, and related benefits to up to 10,000 artisans drawn from the Ghanaian construction sector, with beneficiaries to be randomly selected from up to 20,000 baseline respondents. In a first step, we examine the effects of randomly assigned recruitment content on application rates, the composition of the applicant pool, and downstream program outcomes. In a second step, we use a randomized controlled trial to estimate effects of the program on four groups of outcomes: (i) employment, measured e.g. in terms of job retention, acquisition and lengths of employment spells, (ii) job quality and quality of life, including e.g. earnings and workplace conditions, (iii) mobility, e.g. migration intentions and behaviors, and (iv) firm-level outcomes, e.g. firm performance and employment.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.6842-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/6842" - }, - { - "key": "QMSMF872", - "title": "Evaluation of the Network for Enterprise Development Learning through Sewing for Girls (N4G) training program for young women in Ghana", - "abstract": "Skills trainings are often a central component of contemporary development assistance strategies, but much of the evidence base for their efficacy comes from high-income countries. RCTs in developing countries are still far less numerous. We contribute to this literature with a rigorous impact evaluation of a program for the empowerment and education of young women in Ghana, called Network for Enterprise Development Learning through Sewing for Girls (N4G). The program will deliver fashion-industry related training and empowerment programs to up to 1,000 underprivileged Ghanaian young women from both urban and rural areas. Beneficiaries are randomly selected from approximately 2,000 baseline respondents. We use a randomized controlled trial to estimate effects of the N4G program on four groups of outcomes: (i) employment, measured for example in terms of employment status, job acquisition, and lengths of employment spells, (ii) job quality, including earnings, having a contract or an oral agreement, job satisfaction, and workplace conditions among others, (iii) quality of life, covering indicators of the current living situation, household assets, and financial dependency, and (iv) mobility, e.g. migration intentions and behaviors.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.7967-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/7967" - }, - { - "key": "2WUKVSZA", - "title": "The Impact of Tourist Visas on Intercontinental South-South Migration: Ecuador\u2019s Policy of \u201cOpen Doors\u201d as a Quasi-Experiment", - "abstract": "Through the implementation of universal visa freedom from 2008 to 2010, Ecuador became one of the most accessible countries in the world. This article employs mixed methods to study the impact of the de facto opening of Ecuador\u2019s borders on intercontinental south-south migration. First, we use a difference-in-difference design to show that Ecuador\u2019s policy of universal visa freedom led to a significant increase of immigration from previously restricted nationalities in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Complementary descriptive statistics and qualitative findings confirm the decisive impact visa freedom had on intercontinental south-south migration and suggest three main motives: taking advantage of Ecuador\u2019s open doors as an exit option from origin countries, settlement in Ecuador based on relatively improved opportunities, and transmigration to third countries. Our findings imply that travel visa policies of southern countries significantly impact which new south-south flows emerge. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2018.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Freier L F", - "Holloway K" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/0197918318801068", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059900710&doi=10.1177%2f0197918318801068&partnerID=40&md5=60533a0c145229926d2e61b312680c19" - }, - { - "key": "YK492G5P", - "title": "The REFANI Pakistan study\u2014a cluster randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cash-based transfer programmes on child nutrition status: study protocol", - "abstract": "Cash-based transfer programmes are an emerging strategy in the prevention of wasting in children, especially targeted at vulnerable households during periods of food insecurity or during emergencies. However, the evidence surrounding the use of either cash or voucher transfer programmes in the humanitarian context and on nutritional outcomes is elusive. More evidence is needed not only to inform the global community of practice on best practices in humanitarian settings, but also to help strengthen national mitigation responses. Methods/Design The Research for Food Assistance on Nutrition Impact Pakistan study (REFANI-P) sets out to evaluate the impact of three cash-based interventions on nutritional outcomes in children aged less than five years from poor and very poor households in Dadu District. This four-arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial is set among Action Against Hunger (ACF) programme villages in Dadu District, Sindh Province. Mothers are the target recipients of either seasonal unconditional cash transfers or fresh food vouchers. A comparison group receives \u2018standard care\u2019 provided by the ACF programme to which all groups have the same access. The primary outcomes are prevalence of wasting and mean weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) in children. Impact will be assessed at 6 months and at 1 year from baseline. Using a theory-based approach we will determine \u2018how\u2019 the different interventions work by looking at the processes involved and the impact pathways following the theory of change developed for this context. Quantitative and qualitative data are collected on morbidity, health seeking, hygiene and nutrition behaviours, dietary diversity, haemoglobin concentration, women\u2019s empowerment, household food security and expenditures and social capital. The direct and indirect costs of each intervention borne by the implementing organisation and their partners as well as by beneficiaries and their communities are also assessed. Discussion The results of this trial will provide robust evidence to help increase knowledge about the predictability of how different modalities of cash-based transfer work best to reduce the risk of child wasting during a season where food insecurity is at its highest. Evidence on costing and cost-effectiveness will further aid decisions on choice of modality in terms of effectiveness and sustainability.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Fenn et al" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12889-015-2380-3", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-2380-3" - }, - { - "key": "4WXF37WF", - "title": "How Overseas Opportunities Shape Political Preferences: A Field Experiment on International Migration", - "abstract": "This paper demonstrates that access to overseas employment reduces support for taxation and redistribution by bolstering individuals\u2019 economic prospects. We present results from the \ufb01rst randomized controlled trial to result in international migration. Individuals who received the opportunity to migrate from India to the Middle East for work reported signi\ufb01cantly higher wages, greater economic con\ufb01dence, and more \ufb01scally conservative attitudes. Moreover, the program had lasting effects even for those who decided not to migrate, which we link to improved exit options. Our results speak to longstanding debates about the impact of globalization on economic development and welfare state politics.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Gaikwad N", - "Hanson K", - "Toth A" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3816464" - }, - { - "key": "68ATB2KG", - "title": "How Migrant Resource Centres affect migration decisions: Quasi-experimental evidence from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan", - "abstract": "Several Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) have been set up in South Asia jointly by national governments of origin and destination countries. Their objectives include encouragement of potential migrants to seek regular rather than irregular routes and to ensure the safety of those migrating, regardless of status. Of theoretical note, their activities utilise innovative, highly personalised counselling. This article provides quasi-experimental evidence of the effect of four activities - telephone and online counselling, and college outreach and pre-departure sessions - on 2215 randomly allocated users of the MRCs' services across six MRCs in four countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan. The effects are a large reduction in self-reported likelihood of migrating irregularly, and a strong increase in awareness of safe options and who to contact for assistance whilst migrating. The effects are consistent across activity type and MRC location, although magnitudes vary. These findings have implications for our understanding of how the decision to migrate is made, what interventions are effective and why.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Dennison J" - ], - "doi": "10.1111/imig.13082", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "9YRUKMA5", - "title": "The Apprenticeship-to-Work Transition : Experimental Evidence from Ghana", - "abstract": "This paper examines the effects of a government-sponsored apprenticeship training program designed to address high levels of youth unemployment in Ghana. The study exploits randomized access to the program to examine the short-run effects of apprenticeship training on labor market outcomes. The results show that apprenticeships shift youth out of wage work and into self-employment. However, the loss of wage income is not offset by increases in self-employment profits in the short run. In addition, the study uses the randomized match between apprentices and training providers to examine the causal effect of characteristics of trainers on outcomes for apprentices. Participants who trained with the most experienced trainers or the most profitable ones had higher earnings. These increases more than offset the program's negative treatment effect on earnings. This suggests that training programs can be made more effective through better recruitment of trainers.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Hardy Morgan L", - "Mbiti Isaac Mulangu", - "Mccasland Jamie Lee", - "Salcher Isabelle" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.proquest.com/working-papers/apprenticeship-work-transition-experimental/docview/2223061072/se-2 http://UnivofPretoria.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=ProQ:&issn=&volume=&issue=&title=IDEAS+Working+Paper+Series+from+RePEc&spage=&date=2019-01-01&atitle=The+Apprenticeship-to-Work+Transition+%3A+Experimental+Evidence+from+Ghana&au=Hardy%2C+Morgan+L%3BMbiti%2C+Isaac+Mulangu%3BMccasland%2C+Jamie+Lee%3BSalcher%2C+Isabelle&id=doi: https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/8851.html" - }, - { - "key": "2YVH2MHU", - "title": "Get Rich or Die Tryin\u2019: Perceived Earnings, Perceived Mortality Rates, and Migration Decisions of Potential Work Migrants from Nepal", - "abstract": "This article reports on a randomized field experiment in which potential work migrants from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries are provided with information on wages and mortality incidences at their intended destinations. It is found that, particularly for the group of potential migrants without prior foreign migration experience, the information changes their expectations of earnings and mortality risks abroad, which further changes their actual migration decisions. Using the exogenous variation in expectations, it is estimated that the elasticity of migration with respect to mortality rate expectation is 0.8, and the elasticity of migration with respect to earnings expectation is 1.1.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "736V6NV8", - "title": "Harnessing the Development Benefits of International Migration: A Randomized Evaluation of Enhanced Pre-Departure Orientation Seminars for Migrants from the Philippines", - "abstract": "Pre-departure orientation seminars (PDOS) for migrants have the potential to become a key policy tool for increasing the benefits of migration. PDOS build on the fact that many migrants face important knowledge gaps with respect to various aspects of their destination country upon arrival. These knowledge gaps are particularly large for individuals who move from a developing to a developed country and have to navigate a completely different system. Many migrants may hence not be able to make optimal decisions, or only after costly learning. The principal idea of PDOS is to reduce these knowledge gaps early on and provide migrants with the right information to succeed abroad. There is currently no rigorous evidence on the effects of PDOS and on what kind of training modules matter. Using a randomized control trial, this project evaluates the effects of PDOS on migration outcomes of permanent migrants from the Philippines to the US. Together with the Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO), the key government agency tasked to manage permanent migration from the Philippines, we have developed new PDOS modules. The new PDOS aims to foster settlement and labor market integration and increase migrants? wellbeing more generally. It also aims to strengthen migrants? engagement in diaspora activities that contribute to development in the Philippines. We identify the effects of the new PDOS by randomly assigning migrants to different types of PDOS and tracking the impact on 1,273 migrants and their family members remaining in the Philippines over a period of two years after departure.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.1389-2.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1389" - }, - { - "key": "CNXHNZ6K", - "title": "Gender differences in the effects of vocational training: Constraints on women and drop-out behavior", - "abstract": "We provide experimental evidence on the effects of vocational and entrepreneurial training for Malawian youth, in an environment where access to schooling and formal sector employment is extremely low. We track a large fraction of program drop-outs \u2013 a common phenomenon in the training evaluation literature \u2013 and this allows us to examine the determinants and consequences of drop-out and how it mediates the effects of such programs. We find that women make decisions in a more constrained environment, and their participation affected by family obligations. Participation is more expensive for them, resulting in worse training experience. The training results in skills development, continued investment in human capital, and improved well-being, with more positive effects for men, but no improvements in labor market outcomes in the short run.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1596/1813-9450-6545", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "P4QQT3NG", - "title": "Impacts of Targeted Covid-19 Cash Transfers in Togo", - "abstract": "In response to COVID-19, a third of social protection measures have taken the form of cash transfers reaching more than 1.1 billion people --- a 240% increase in coverage from pre-COVID levels. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, direct cash transfers are an effective tool to protect vulnerable households. We conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a targeted cash transfer program implemented in rural Togo between November 2020 and May 2021. In collaboration with GiveDirectly, the government of Togo secured sufficient funding to provide benefits to roughly 57,000 of the approximately 580,000 citizens living in the poorest 100 cantons. Using mobile phone and satellite data, we identified the poorest cantons and poorest people living in them. We randomized the beneficiaries among the poorest phone owners. After registration, every month and for five months, eligible women receive a cash transfer of 8,620 F CFA ($15.5 US) and eligible men, a transfer of 7,450 F CFA ($13.5 US). We conduct a telephone survey at the end of the intervention to measure a wide range of outcomes, including consumption, food security, labor supply, access to health care, education, psychological well-being, financial inclusion and the perception of poverty. We also have access to administrative data of mobile phone companies in Togo, which will allow us to exploit phone usage behaviors and build other types of outcomes, such as adoption and use of the mobile money services, migration or predicted poverty.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.7590-1.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/7590" - }, - { - "key": "VASWRVLM", - "title": "Information campaigns and migration perceptions: Evidence from Senegal", - "abstract": "The research studies the effect of information campaigns on irregular immigration on the intentions to migrate irregularly among high school students in Dakar. We analyze which actors and information content are effective the most in shaping students' intention to migrate and migration perceptions.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.8829-1.2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/8829" - }, - { - "key": "M9UMATUQ", - "title": "Information and Irregular Migration: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Nigeria", - "abstract": "Policy projections and recent research suggest that large numbers of irregular migrants from sub-Saharan Africa will continue to attempt to make their way to Europe over the next few decades. In response, European countries have made and continue to make significant investments in information campaigns designed to discourage irregular African migration. These campaigns are frequently accompanied by evaluations of some sort but, to our knowledge, none have involved a well-powered, randomized controlled trial with a representative sample and actual migration as an outcome. This pre-analysis plan describes the design of field experiment that addresses the following core questions: Are beliefs about migration-related risks, interest in attempting irregular migration, and actual migration decisions responsive to information campaigns highlighting the risks of the migration journey? The project takes place in Edo and Delta states, in the South-South region of Nigeria, a major Sub-Saharan African source of irregular migrants to Europe.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.8718-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/8718" - }, - { - "key": "YFJ6ZQ94", - "title": "Informing Risky Migration: Evidence from a field experiment in Guinea", - "abstract": "Migrants from Western Africa go through risky migration routes to reach Europe. In addition, African migration to Europe often results in low economic outcomes. Potential migrants might be poorly informed about benefits and costs of migration. We then propose to use a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) to answer the following questions: (i) Are migrants are about their earning opportunities in Europe and risks connected to the journey? (ii) Can an intervention providing information about earnings and risks changes potential migrants? beliefs and so influences their migration choices?", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.4062-1.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/4062" - }, - { - "key": "ED6H9RXQ", - "title": "Micro-credit programs and off-farm migration in China", - "abstract": "This paper seeks to evaluate effects of micro-credit projects on the poor. We utilize data that we collected in Sichuan Province in 1999 to investigate whether micro-credit projects have targeted the poor and whether participation in the micro-credit project increases the likelihood of migration and switching to off-farm jobs. We find that, although the micro-credit programs did not help increase assets of the participants, it did help to move one or more of their members into an off-farm job. Our findings indicate that there is a great deal of benefit in supporting microcredit programs. \u00a9 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Li H", - "Rozelle S", - "Zhang L" - ], - "doi": "10.1111/j.1468-0106.2004.00245.x", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9744253083&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-0106.2004.00245.x&partnerID=40&md5=f2a50ff821db79c4dfabfa1decc3b723" - }, - { - "key": "I4MY83RJ", - "title": "Experimental long-term effects of early-childhood and school-age exposure to a conditional cash transfer program", - "abstract": "Numerous evaluations of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs show positive short-term impacts, but there is only limited evidence on whether these benefits translate into sustained longer-term gains. This paper uses the municipal-level randomized assignment of a CCT program implemented for five years in Honduras to estimate long-term effects 13 years after the program began. We estimate intent-to-treat effects using individual-level data from the population census, which allows assignment of individuals to their municipality of birth, thereby circumventing migration selection concerns. For the non-indigenous, we find positive and robust impacts on educational outcomes for cohorts of a very wide age range. These include increases of more than 50 percent for secondary school completion rates and the probability of reaching university studies for those exposed at school-going ages. They also include substantive gains for grades attained and current enrollment for others exposed during early childhood, raising the possibility of further gains going forward. Educational gains are, however, more limited for the indigenous. Finally, exposure to the CCT increased the probability of international migration for young men, from 3 to 7 percentage points, also stronger for the non-indigenous. Both early childhood exposure to the nutrition and health components of the CCT as well as exposure during school-going ages to the educational components led to sustained increases in human capital. \u00a9 2019 The Authors", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Molina Mill\u00e1n", - "T", - "Macours K", - "Maluccio J A", - "Tejerina L" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.102385", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072577537&doi=10.1016%2fj.jdeveco.2019.102385&partnerID=40&md5=cbacf9b13921db5e8346649371e83718" - }, - { - "key": "N6R57IVT", - "title": "Bilateral labor agreements and the migration of Filipinos: An instrumental variable approach", - "abstract": "Bilateral labor agreements (BLAs) are preferred policy models for regulating migration by many governments around the world. The Philippines has been a leader in both agreement conclusion and exporting labor. A recent Congressional evocation is pushing bureaucrats and academics alike to investigate this policy strategy for outcomes and effectiveness. The following analysis answers the question \"Do BLAs affect the migration outflows of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)?\"using a plausibly exogenous variation to isolate a causal effect. I test for effects of BLAs using two instrumental variables (IVs), such as Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Formal Alliances, and an original dataset of land-based and sea-based Filipino BLAs and migrant stock in 213 unique areas from 1960 to 2018. I do not find any empirical evidence that these treaties drive migration. However, BLAs have statistically significant effects on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and exports, suggesting other important channels through which these agreements affect economic outcomes. These null results are critically important for policymakers and diplomats because the resources spent on negotiation are wasted if the primary goal is to increase migration. \u00a9 2021 Brianna O'Steen, published by Sciendo.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "O'Steen B" - ], - "doi": "10.2478/izajodm-2021-0011", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117392815&doi=10.2478%2fizajodm-2021-0011&partnerID=40&md5=4d168fa69f58fc0804c9b0a8a8fd3172" - }, - { - "key": "64F7ET9X", - "title": "Children on the Move : Progressive Redistribution of Humanitarian Cash Transfers among Refugees", - "abstract": "This paper evaluates the impact of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) in Turkey, the largest cash transfer program for international refugees in the world. The paper provides prima facie evidence that the program quickly caused substantial changes in household size and composition, with a net movement of primarily school-age children from larger ineligible households to smaller eligible ones. A sharp decline in inequality is observed in the entire study population: the Gini index declined by four percentage points (or 15 percent) within six months of program rollout, and the poverty headcount at the $3.20/day international poverty line declined by more than 50 percent after one year. ESSN caused a moderate increase in the diversity and frequency of food consumption among eligible households, and although there was no statistically significant effect on overall school enrollment, there were meaningful gains among the most vulnerable beneficiary households. To strike the right balance between transfer size and coverage, key parameters in the design of any cash transfer program, policy makers should consider the possibility that refugee populations may respond to their eligibility status by altering their household structure and living arrangements.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Ozler Berk", - "Celik Cigdem", - "Cunningham Scott", - "Cuevas Pablo Facundo", - "Parisotto Luca" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsrep&AN=edsrep.p.wbk.wbrwps.9471&site=eds-live" - }, - { - "key": "82H99VKZ", - "title": "Do higher salaries lower physician migration?", - "abstract": "It is believed that low wages are an important reason why doctors and nurses in developing countries migrate, and this has led to a call for higher wages for health professionals in developing countries. In this paper, we provide some of the first estimates of the impact of raising health workers' salaries on migration. Using aggregate panel data on the stock of foreign doctors in 16 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, we explore the effect of a wage increase programme in Ghana on physician migration. We find evidence that 6 years after the implementation of this programme, the foreign stock of Ghanaian doctors abroad had fallen by approximately 10% relative to the estimated counterfactual. This result should be interpreted with caution, however, given the sensitivity of the results to changes in model specification. \u00a9 2013 The Author.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Okeke E N" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/heapol/czt046", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906064721&doi=10.1093%2fheapol%2fczt046&partnerID=40&md5=094f43a6ca58fdbf70d99377b4c2379c" - }, - { - "key": "924DRNUJ", - "title": "Aid and Migration: An Analysis of the Impact of Progresa on the Timing and Size of Labour Migration", - "abstract": "This paper models the short and medium-run impact of aid on migration, considering alternatively the effect of nconditional and conditional cash transfers to financially constrained households. Data from the evaluation of a Mexican development program, Progresa, are used to estimate the effect of the potential grant size on migration. The empirical analysis is consistent with model prediction. It shows that the program is associated with an increase in international migration, which is also a positive function of size of potential transfer. The grant may loosen financial constraints. At the same time, fine-tuned conditional grants targeting prospective migrants (in the form of secondary school subsidies) reduce the short-term migration probability. As regards medium-term migration, secondary school beneficiaries are not more likely to migrate than the control group after they complete the subsidised education cycle.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Manuela Angelucci" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://docs.iza.org/dp1187.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "UK8I5GM4", - "title": "Medical worker migration and origin-country human capital: Evidence from us visa policy", - "abstract": "We exploit changes in U.S. visa policies for nurses to measure the origin-country human capital response to international migration opportunities. Combining data on all migrant departures and postsecondary institutions in the Philippines, we show that nursing enrollment and graduation increased substantially in response to greater U.S. demand for nurses. The supply of nursing programs expanded. Nurse quality, measured by licensure exam pass rates, declined. Despite this, for each nurse migrant, 9 additional nurses were licensed. New nurses switched from other degree types, but graduated at higher rates than they would have otherwise, increasing the human capital stock in the Philippines.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1162/rest_a_01131", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "GIQRAEI7", - "title": "Returns to International Migration: Evidence from a Bangladesh-Malaysia Visa Lottery", - "abstract": "We follow 3,512 (of 1.4 million) applicants to a government lottery that randomly allocated visas to Bangladeshis for low-skilled, temporary labor contracts in Malaysia. Most lottery winners migrate, and their remittance substantially raises their family's standard of living in Bangladesh. The migrant's absence pauses demographic changes (marriage, childbirth, household formation), and shifts decision-making power towards females. Migration removes enterprising individuals, lowering household entrepreneurship, but does not crowd out other family members' labor supply. One group of applicants were offered deferred migration that never materialized. Improved migration prospects induce pre-migration investments in skills that generate no returns in the domestic market.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq", - "Sharif Iffath", - "Shrestha Maheshwor" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "DEFXYBQK", - "title": "Role models and migration intentions", - "abstract": "Role models\u2014those individuals who resemble us but have achieved more than us\u2014 are thought to impact our aspirations. In this paper, we study the impact of role models on intentions to migrate. Specifically, we implement a randomized controlled trial to show documentaries in rural villages of Mali (Kayes region). These documentaries focus on economic opportunities and show either negative or positive portraits of migrants, or portraits of local people who have successfully set up flourishing businesses without ever considering migration. This paper adds to the larger debate about the efficiency of information provision. We find very few significant impacts, none of which hold when attrition is controlled for using nonparametric Lee bounds. We also implement a treatment heterogeneity analysis using a causal forest algorithm, which aside from confirming our average treatment effects suggests the presence of heterogeneity. It appears that individuals with living conditions that could facilitate migration are less likely to be significantly impacted. The high aspirations to improve living conditions, coupled with a strong feeling of lack of control over the future may help explaining the fact that confrontations with real life experiences do not significantly modify average aspirations to migrate.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Mespl\u00e9-Somps S", - "Nilsson B", - "d'Aiglepierre R" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-afd-research-papers-2021-200-page-1.htm" - }, - { - "key": "RQXKP6NP", - "title": "Broken Promises: Evaluating an Incomplete Cash Transfer Program", - "abstract": "Interventions in highly insecure and fragile contexts are always confronted with the latent risk of not being able to implement the program as intended. Despite its high policy relevance, little is known about the impacts of program disruption or cancellation on beneficiaries. This study uses the unplanned cancellation of the South Sudan Youth Business Start-Up Grant Program to assess the socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological consequences of a program that fails to be implemented as intended. Originally planned as a randomized trial, the Youth Startup Business Grant Program consisted of an unconditional cash grant combined with a business and life skills training targeting the youth in South Sudan. Due to the intensification of violence in the country, the disbursement of the grant was terminated in late 2016 before most of the intended beneficiaries had accessed the grant. The study uses survey data from face-to-face interviews and experimental data from lotteries, trust games, and a list experiment to assess the consequences of the cancellation in a comprehensive form. The empirical analysis employs instrumental variable regressions to control for individual characteristics that might have made it more likely to access the grant before disbursement was frozen. The results show that participants who received the originally planned treatment displayed significant improvements in their consumption, savings, and psychological well-being. However, participants who vainly expected to receive the cash grant showed reduced levels of consumption and women among this subgroup also experienced strong reductions in their trust level. In addition, the study finds some evidence that these women were less likely to migrate.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Muller Angelika", - "Pape Utz Johann", - "Ralston Laura R" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "G79BE4TK", - "title": "The Benefits and Costs of Guest Worker Programs: Experimental Evidence from The India-UAE Migration Corridor", - "abstract": "We estimate the returns to temporary migration programs using a randomized control trial with several thousand job seekers in India applying to guest worker jobs in the United Arab \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Naidu S", - "Nyarko Y", - "Wang SY" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://econ.cms.arts.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2022/09/20221123_Suresh-Naidu.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "5J2Z3L7J", - "title": "Do social protection programs foster short-term and long-term migration adaptation strategies?", - "abstract": "Abstract We examine how migration is influenced by temperature and precipitation variability, and the extent to which the receipt of a cash transfer affects the use of migration as an adaptation strategy. Climate data is merged with georeferenced panel data (2010\u20132014) on individual migration collected from the Zambian Child Grant Program (CGP) sites. We use the person-year dataset to identify the direct and heterogeneous causal effects of the CGP on mobility. Having access to cash transfers doubles the rate of male, short-distance moves during cool periods, irrespective of wealth. Receipt of cash transfers (among wealthier households) during extreme heat causes an additional retention of males. Cash transfers positively spur long-distance migration under normal climate conditions in the long term. They also facilitate short-distance responses to climate, but not long-distance responses that might be demanded by future climate change.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Mueller Valerie", - "Gray Clark", - "Handa Sudhanshu", - "Seidenfeld David" - ], - "doi": "10.1017/S1355770X19000214", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1355770X19000214/type/journal_article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7062362/pdf/nihms-1558213.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "EX4XE7QK", - "title": "Labor Productivity, Remittance Use, and the Impact of the Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) Program in Nepal", - "abstract": "This dissertation presents three studies related to labor productivity, remittances use, and the effect of an anti-poverty program on migration and remittances. Labor is the biggest endowment available to the poor. Understanding labor issues is important in addressing the problems of poverty, inequality, migration, and economic development. In this dissertation, I estimate the labor productivity of agricultural household because most of the agricultural households in developing countries work in their own farms, it is not possible to observe wages. The first chapter estimates the shadow wage (marginal productivity of labor) of the agricultural household in the context of Nepal. How different is marginal productivity of labor for women compared to men in agricultural households? In developing countries, where most of the families work on their farms, wage or labor-related income cannot be observed directly. This paper contributes to the literature on gender wage difference in labor and development economics by developing a new approach to estimate the shadow wage of agricultural households in Nepal. Using a general functional form, we first derive the shadow wage from a theoretical model. Then, a model with ward-level fixed effects is used to estimate the shadow wage by gender for Nepalese agricultural households. We find that the productivity of women is not that different than that of men. Despite the vast difference in observed market wages for women, the distribution of shadow wages of women is not that different from that of men, calling for policies to increase the market wages for women. The second chapter of this dissertation, attempts to understand the use of remittances among the households of Nepal. Remittances are transfers made by migrant workers to their family and relatives in their country of origin. In Nepal, remittances account for 25-30% of the GDP, and the trend of youths seeking work in other countries--mostly in Southeast Asia and the Middle East--has been increasing. Understanding the expenditure pattern of remittances-receiving households compared to non-recipients provides an understanding of the effect of remittances. In this chapter I employ nationally representative data from Nepal to investigate the effect of remittances on household expenditure patterns, and I compare the prevalence of poverty between remittance recipients and non-recipients. The findings that emerge are as follows: households receiving international and both domestic and international remittances have increased expenditure shares on education, suggesting investments in human capital in the household. In contrast I find a decrease in education expenditures for households receiving domestic remittances. Food expenditures share decreases for households receiving all types of remittances. Households receiving remittances increase the expenditure shares on durables and other consumption expenditures. Households receiving remittances have decreased shares in health expenditures. With regards to poverty, the paper shows that receiving remittances reduces the likelihood of being poor. In the third chapter of the dissertation, I evaluate the effects of the Poverty Alleviation Fund program (PAF) on remittances and migration using the data from a quasi-experiment. The PAF is a social fund program that has been providing services to marginalized communities in Nepal through various income-generating activities since 2006. Unlike previous research that has used conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) to study the role of a development program on migration and remittances, I employ the data from the community-driven anti-poverty program that provides income-generating activities to participants. Using a panel dataset collected by Center for Economic Development and Administration (CEDA) of the Tribhuwan University and the PAF, and taking advantage of a quasi-randomized phase-in experimental design, I estimate the causal effects of a development program on remittances, migration, and welfare measures. I show that policy makers shou d be aware that community-driven development programs have unintended consequences for migration and remittances, which are distinct from the primary goals of the program: alleviating poverty and improving food security. The program results in a decrease of approximately Rs.6000 (approximately six percent of total household consumption) in remittances received, crowding out private transfers in the presence of public transfers. The paper shows an increase in domestic migration, but no change in international migration due to the program.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Nepal Atul" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "QJH23MCD", - "title": "Safe Migration Awareness Campaign In Rural Communities Of Nigeria, The Procedure And Impacts", - "abstract": "International migration is undergoing unprecedented changes. The traditional determinants of migration such as poverty, food insecurity and climate change are giving way to new motivations. These new issues, that include but are not limited to ambitions to live a foreign lifestyle, incomplete and asymmetric information are capable of underestimating the risk in irregular migration. As the information about foreign lifestyle flow freely and new opportunities open, it becomes very difficult to manage irregular migration through border control. Within the transitional mode of international migration, the use of awareness campaigns, especially in rural areas of home countries that target the most vulnerable groups, \u2013 school-age youths, could become a veritable means of deterring irregular migration. In 2018, Ricosmigration \u2013 Rural Information Campaign on Safe Migration - received funding from the German Foreign Office to investigate why young people from Nigeria migrate irregularly and implement a safe migration awareness campaign for youth in rural secondary schools. This report is from the result of the project which cut across interviews of Nigerian migrants living in Italy, potential migrants in Nigeria, and the result of the awareness campaigns conducted in 10 secondary schools in Edo, Nigeria. In the report, we explain the profile of a potential migrant from Nigeria. We also explore how reduced capabilities to lead the desired life and how the increasing use of social media internet has greatly raised the likelihood of migration in Nigeria. We equally show in the detail how we implemented a randomized experiment to test the efficiency of the migration awareness campaign. The project provides a new dimension to the discourse of the root cause of migration by introducing the role of limited opportunities and freedom (capabilities), low life satisfaction, and incomplete information through social media. Additionally, it shows the power of light interventions such as awareness campaigns in reducing irregular migration. In particular, the result showed that about 77.2 per cent of Nigerian youths that responded to the interview have the intention to migrate abroad, and 37.2 per cent would migrate if they win a cash lottery that is enough to cover the migration cost. Our randomized experiment showed that migration awareness campaign could reduce the risk of being a victim of human trafficking by more than 50 per cent. It could also reduce the desire to engage in irregular migration by more than 30 per cent and increased the decision to take necessary steps to avoid human traffickers and follow proper procedures for safe migration by more than 50 per cent. The awareness campaign had a wide coverage reaching about 7000 students in rural communities in Edo State, Nigeria. The success factors of our awareness campaign include the utilization of appropriate channels, delivery of an accurate message that was tailored to the group we spoke to, and the use of respected external facilitators.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Obi Chinedu" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsrep&AN=edsrep.p.osf.socarx.v3kn2&site=eds-live" - }, - { - "key": "PM9LIPT3", - "title": "Labour migration and households: A reconsideration of the effects of the social pension on labour supply in South Africa", - "abstract": "This paper re-examines the effect of the South African social pension on the labour supply of working-age adults using data from 1993. We take account of the fact that households may include non-resident members, and therefore the pension may play a role in facilitating migration to work or look for work. We find that rural African women are significantly more likely to be migrant workers when they are members of a household in receipt of a pension, and that it is female pension income that drives this result. We explore a number of possible reasons why pension income might have this effect.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Posel D", - "Fairburn J A", - "Lund F" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.econmod.2005.10.010", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "X835X4JX", - "title": "Raising Awareness About the Risk of Irregular Migration: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Guinea", - "abstract": "In response to mounting evidence of harm inflicted on irregular migrants along their journeys from West Africa to Europe, international organizations, civil society organizations, and governments have scaled up campaigns as a tool for raising awareness about the risks of irregular migration. Campaigns aim to counter misinformation by smugglers and facilitate safe migration decisions. Despite the growing number of interventions, there is limited empirical evidence on the impact and effectiveness of such campaigns. Based on a difference-in-difference design, this study investigates the effect of a mobile cinema and community discussion intervention on the perceptions, knowledge, and intentions of potential irregular migrants in Northern Guinea in 2019. The results show that potential migrants who participated in events were significantly more likely to show awareness gains and less likely to report high intentions to migrate irregularly. While the relative importance of risk perceptions and their impact on migration flows remain unclear, the findings provide evidence supporting the assumption that risk awareness can be a relevant factor in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants. While campaigns may be an effective tool in certain contexts, effect sizes highlight the need for policymakers to keep realistic expectations.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tjaden J", - "Gninafon H" - ], - "doi": "10.1111/padr.12468", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "EZTFJFFS", - "title": "Household Structure and Short-Run Economic Change in Nicaragua", - "abstract": "During the economic crises Nicaragua suffered between 2000 and 2002, a conditional cash transfer program targeting poor households began operating. Using panel data on 1,397 households from the program's experimentally designed evaluation, we examined the impact of the program on household structure. Our findings suggest that the program enabled households to avoid reagglomeration during the economic crises, with households in control communities growing more than treated households. These changes were driven primarily by shifts in residence of relatively young men and women with close kinship ties to the household head. In contrast, households that received transfers continued to send off young adult members, suggesting that the program provided resources to overcome the short-term economic pressures on household structure.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Winters P", - "Stecklov G", - "Todd J" - ], - "doi": "10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00628.x", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "G9HHCW5Z", - "title": "Empowering Indonesian Migrant Workers to Access Quality Overseas Placement Services", - "abstract": "Nearly 700,000 Indonesians migrate abroad for work each year. The vast majority do so through recruiters and placement agencies that facilitate temporary employment in countries across Asia and the Middle East. These agencies support migrants starting with pre-departure paperwork and training through repatriation, and are therefore a crucial determinant of a worker\u2019s migration experience. Potential migrants ostensibly have a great deal of choice between agencies \u2013 there are over 1,000 formally registered firms in Indonesia \u2013 and in theory, competition between these firms should drive out poorly performing agencies. Yet anecdotal evidence suggests that agency quality is highly variable, and that many agencies engage in exploitative practices. This could be due to market power at the local level, or informational failures, both of which would hamper competitive pressures.\nOur findings from preliminary research suggest that despite the fact that nearly three-quarters of female migrants believe that there is no relationship between the quality of the agencies and the experience with the employer; there is indeed a robust correlation between the two variables. However, migrants attribute the employer quality to \"nasib\", or fate.\nIn 2015, we ran information campaigns designed to transmit information on agency quality to potential migrants. Surveys will be conducted to evaluate the impact of the information campaigns on migrants\u2019 outcomes.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Schaner Simone", - "Cameron Lisa", - "Bazzi Samuel", - "Kartaadipoetra Firman Witoelar" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/630" - }, - { - "key": "SNG5JMCQ", - "title": "The impact of providing vocational training to young men on labour outcomes and attitudes towards migration in northern Guinea-Bissau", - "abstract": "As in most of Sub-Saharan Africa, the lack of quality employment among the rural youth is threatening economic development and inclusive growth, with employment search arguably working as an important driver for both internal and international migration. Active labour market policies, such as vocational trainings, are frequently chosen by governments, international institutions and NGOs as a potential solution to these labour market frictions. Nevertheless, the causal evidence determining the impact of these programs on the youth of rural areas is scarce in the sub-region, and inexistent in Guinea-Bissau. In this project, we run a randomized controlled trial within the GOT project implemented by the NGO ENGIM. This project provides vocational training courses on professional skills thought to be particularly relevant in the local context, and facilitates traineeships in local businesses for young men in two northern regions of the country, aiming to prevent their engagement in irregular migration practices. Assessing the impact of the GOT project on the employment rates, income and attitudes towards migrations of its trainees should contribute to a better understanding of the impact of active labour market policies in rural areas of low income countries, facilitating a better design, implementation and evaluation of such programmes in Guinea-Bissau and similar contexts.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.6890-1.2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/6890" - }, - { - "key": "QYAQM7H9", - "title": "Weather Insurance and Investment Choice", - "abstract": "Exposure to the risk of extreme weather conditions has been shown to constrain investment\nby subsistence farmers in developing countries and may lead to ine\u00a2cient production choices.\nThis paper evaluates whether insuring farmers against such risks alters resource allocation decisions. In particular I consider the e\u00a7ects of a Mexican government disaster relief program with\ninsurance-like features. The results, based on a regression discontinuity design, indicate that\ninsurance against losses arising from natural disasters changes how rural households invest in\ntheir farms. Insured farmers utilize more expensive capital inputs and adopt di\u00a7erent technologies. Additionally, the insurance changes labor supply patterns. Notably, members of insured\nhouseholds are approximately 10% more likely to migrate internationally. Additional results,\nthat the program matters most when the returns to migration are more unpredictable, are\nconsistent with a model where insurance obviates the need for precautionary savings, allowing\nhouseholds to \u00d6nance international migration.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Shapiro J" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "8EFH4AP4", - "title": "Can Public Transfers Reduce Mexican Migration? A study based on randomized experimental data", - "abstract": "Prior research on Mexican migration has shown that social networks and economic incentives play an important role in determining migration outcomes. This study utilizes experimental data on PROGRESA, Mexico's primary poverty reduction program, to evaluate the effects of public cash transfers on migration. Our study complements a growing body of literature aimed at overcoming longstanding hurdles towards the establishment of causal validity in empirical studies of migration. We find that public cash transfers reduce US migration but have little effect on domestic migration. Furthermore, we find that the provision of cash transfers appears to reduce migration partly by reducing the relative deprivation levels of poor households. Finally, we find that the effect of public cash transfers on US migration depend on the size of existing US migration networks. Surprisingly, we see that transfers have larger (more negative) effects on US migration in communities with large existing networks. The results suggest that public transfers may be helpful in managing rural out-migration, particularly to the US. Interestingly, such programs may be most effective if they are targeted towards communities with strong existing migration patterns.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Stecklov Guy", - "Stampini Marco", - "Davis Benjamin" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "5M6JE7W5", - "title": "Do Conditional Cash Transfers Influence Migration? A Study Using Experimental Data From The Mexican PROGRESA Program", - "abstract": "Prior research on Mexican migration has shown that social networks and economic incentives play an important role in determining migration outcomes. We use experimental data from PROGRESA, Mexico's primary poverty-reduction program, to evaluate the effects of conditional cash transfers on migration both domestically and to the United States. Our study complements a growing body of literature aimed at overcoming longstanding hurdles to the establishment of causal validity in empirical studies of migration. Analysis based on the data collected before and after the program 's onset shows that conditional transfers reduce U.S. migration but not domestic migration. The data also enable us to explore the role of existing family and community migration networks. The results show that migration networks strongly influence migration, but that the effect of conditional transfers on migration is apparently not mediated by existing migration network structures. Our results suggest that conditional transfers may be helpful in managing rural out-migration, particularly to the United States.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Stecklov Guy", - "Winters Paul", - "Stampini Marco", - "Davis Benjamin" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4147339?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" - }, - { - "key": "DG5T267N", - "title": "Cash transfers and migration: theory and evidence from a randomized controlled trial", - "abstract": "Will the fast expansion of cash-based programming in developing countries increase international migration? Theoretically, cash transfers may favor international migration by relaxing liquidity, credit, and risk constraints. But transfers, especially those conditional upon staying at home, may also increase the opportunity cost of migrating abroad. This paper evaluates the impact of a cash-for-work program on migration. Randomly selected households in Comoros were offered up to US$320 in cash in exchange for their participation in public works projects. We find that the program increased migration to Mayotte - the neighboring and richer French Island - by 38 percent, from 7.8% to 10.8%. The increase in migration is explained by the alleviation of liquidity and risk constraints, and by the fact that the program did not increase the opportunity cost of migration for likely migrants.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Sterck O", - "Gazeaud J", - "Mvukiyehe E" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/materials/papers/csae-wps-2019-16.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "CAJ5PJQW", - "title": "The impact of Indian SHGs: a long-run field experiment in Jharkhand", - "abstract": "This field experiment randomized access to Self-Help Groups in villages spread over the entire state of Jharkhand and surveyed a sample of 1,080 households three times between 2004 and 2009, in order to evaluate the changes in their living standards. We study impacts on children education and labor, household consumption and risk-coping behavior (including migration), and local credit markets.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.5570-1.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/5570" - }, - { - "key": "MHIY5NJJ", - "title": "The value of forecasts: Experimental evidence from developing-country agriculture", - "abstract": "Climate risk is a key driver of low agricultural productivity in poor countries. We use a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate a novel risk-mitigation approach: long-range forecasts that provide information about the onset of the Indian summer monsoon well in advance of its arrival. In contrast to traditional approaches that allow farmers to cope with risk ex post, this new ex ante technology provides accurate information at least one month in advance of the monsoon's arrival, enabling farmers to alter cropping choices and other up front input decisions. Moreover, forecasts have the potential to be disseminated cheaply, even at scale. We assign 250 villages to one of three groups: a control group; a group that is given an opportunity to purchase the forecast; and a group that is offered insurance. This design allows us to investigate farmers' willingness-to-pay for forecasts; measure how forecasts affect farmer beliefs, up-front investments, and welfare; and study how these effects compare to the canonical ex post loss mitigation tool: weather-based index insurance.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.8846-1.0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/8846" - }, - { - "key": "YYL2HIQB", - "title": "Investments in Human Capital: Long-term Effects of Progresa-Oportunidades on Poverty and Migration in Rural Mexico.", - "abstract": "This paper evaluates the effects on poverty reduction and migration of a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico named Oportunidades (previously Progresa). This program, the first in Latin America and the most imitated of its kind, was intended to increase human capital, which would eventually translate into poverty reduction. Linear and non-linear panel models are used to explore whether there are any such effects, and the implications for the effectiveness and evaluation strategies of the program. No significant effects of Progresa-Oportunidades in reducing income poverty or affecting international migration were found at the rural level. However, there is a weak effect in the case of domestic migration. As data continues to become available through Mexico's official Secretariat of Social Development, there will be more opportunities for further exploration of the relationship between this program, poverty alleviation, and migration outcomes. Limitations and further recommendations for this study are also discussed.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "TIRADO J ALEJANDRO" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=20672640&AN=113660670&h=tw80U6FJzYcJYu3fTX%2BMPrdXbXrYCOOX2ZDxlHcnJdmg5T13YEukzyFOx75iYT%2F%2BuqTBgG5p2dwmyl3bwBylKg%3D%3D&crl=c" - }, - { - "key": "X2YYD8XC", - "title": "The effect of peer-to-peer risk information on potential migrants ' Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Senegal", - "abstract": "In response to mounting evidence on the dangers of irregular migration from Africa to Europe, the number of information campaigns which aim to raise awareness about the potential risks has rapidly increased. Governments, international organizations and civil society organizations implement a variety of campaigns to counter the spread of misinformation accelerated by smuggling and trafficking networks. The evidence on the effects of such information interventions on potential migrants remains limited and largely anecdotal. More generally, the role of risk perceptions in the decision-making process of potential irregular migrants is rarely explicitly tested, despite the fact that the concept of risk pervades conventional migration models, particularly in the field of economics. We address this gap by assessing the effects of a peer-to-peer information intervention on the perceptions, knowledge and intentions of potential migrants in Dakar, Senegal, using a randomized controlled trial design. The results show that--three months after the intervention--peer-to-peer information events increase potential migrants' subjective information levels, raise risk awareness, and reduce intentions to migrate irregularly. We find no substantial effects on factual migration knowledge. We discuss how the effects may be driven by the trust and identification-enhancing nature of peer-to-peer communication.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tjaden Jasper", - "Dunsch Felipe Alexander" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105488", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X21001005" - }, - { - "key": "FC8EU2Q3", - "title": "Universal Basic Income in Kenya", - "abstract": "A universal basic income (UBI) is a recurring, unconditional cash transfer sized to meet basic needs and paid to all members of a society. Proponents argue that a UBI has the potential to eliminate extreme poverty and to counteract the harmful effects of rising inequality in wealthier countries. Interest has surged, with UBI actively debated in countries ranging from Switzerland and Finland to Namibia and India. Yet, while cash transfers in general have a strong evidence base, a full basic income has never been implemented or rigorously evaluated. This study proposes to fill these evidence gaps with an ambitious long-term randomized control trial in Kenya. The core objective is to test the hypothesis that a universal basic income is an effective way to eliminate extreme global poverty. This is a central policy question currently being debated in a number of emerging markets, and is also highly relevant for foreign aid policy given that the global poverty gap has fallen to $80B a year as of 2015, less than half of official development assistance flows. Positive results could shift public spending away from in-kind and means-tested programs, while negative ones could have the opposite effect. As a secondary goal, the study also aims to inform debate on the role of UBI in wealthy countries. While the populations are obviously different from those we will work with in East Africa, many of the core questions about human behavior are the same ? does economic security motivate people to work more or less? To socialize more or less? etc. At a minimum, positive results from a low-cost emerging-market evaluation could be motivator for testing more expensive guarantees in richer countries. Finally, it is worth emphasizing that in the process of producing this evidence the project will also directly benefit some of the poorest people on the planet by delivering cash transfers to them. The broader evidence base on cash transfers suggests that these recipients will reap life-changing benefits from participating in the project.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "10.1257/rct.1952-2.1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/1952" - }, - { - "key": "UX36F5C2", - "title": "Liquidity Constraints and Migration: Evidence from Indonesia", - "abstract": "Although liquidity constraints have been seen as both a factor limiting individuals from migrating and a motivation for households to send a migrant, the consequences of relaxing liquidity constraints on migration behavior have not been adequately explored due to data limitations. In this study, we take advantage of an unusual policy, Bantuan Langsung Tunai -- a national-level unconditional cash transfer program targeted toward the poorest households in Indonesia -- to empirically assess the impact of increased liquidity on the migration behavior of poor Indonesian households.With a highly mobile population and a long history of circular migration, Indonesia is an ideal space to study migration. Using panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, the results demonstrate that a positive liquidity shock increases the probability of migration among low-asset households, among households with a migration history, and, most significantly, among lowasset households with a migration history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Migration Review is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Tiwari Smriti", - "Winters Paul C" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/0197918318768555", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0197918318768555" - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json b/data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json index 03e929033683c00743b43fd121103b8ee7cd4574..cb97d611145f8ec55134245cf1905613584b7489 100644 --- a/data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json +++ b/data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ "Hairong Huang" ], "doi": "10.21037/jtd.2018.02.60", - "date": "3/2018", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/19447/15515" }, @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ "David W. Dowdy" ], "doi": "10.1097/QAI.0000000000000712", - "date": "2015-09-1", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/00126334-201509010-00011" }, @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ "Sydney Rosen" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03028.x", - "date": "09/2012", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03028.x" }, @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ "Keertan Dheda" ], "doi": "10.1183/09031936.00145511", - "date": "07/2012", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://erj.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/10.1183/09031936.00145511" }, @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "Achilles Katamba" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12913-016-1804-9", - "date": "12/2016", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-016-1804-9" }, @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ "A. H. Van'T Hoog" ], "doi": "10.5588/ijtld.16.0496", - "date": "2017-04-01", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.5588/ijtld.16.0496" }, @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ "Julio Croda" ], "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciaa135", - "date": "2021-03-01", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/72/5/771/5736588" }, @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ "Anete Trajman" ], "doi": "10.1590/s1806-37562015000004524", - "date": "12/2015", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132015000600536&lng=en&tlng=en" }, @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ "Keertan Dheda" ], "doi": "10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30164-0", - "date": "06/2019", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X19301640" }, @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ "Luis E Cuevas" ], "doi": "10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007592", - "date": "02/2022", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007592" }, @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ "Elvira Richter" ], "doi": "10.1183/13993003.01333-2015", - "date": "02/2016", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://erj.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/10.1183/13993003.01333-2015" }, @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "Susan Cleary" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0251547", - "date": "2021-5-14", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251547" }, @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ "M. Shah" ], "doi": "10.5588/ijtld.13.0095", - "date": "2013-10-01", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1027-3719&volume=17&issue=10&spage=1328" }, @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Jacob Creswell" ], "doi": "10.3201/eid2703.204090", - "date": "03/2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/3/20-4090_article.htm" }, @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ "A. Trajman" ], "doi": "10.5588/ijtld.13.0637", - "date": "2014-05-01", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1027-3719&volume=18&issue=5&spage=547" }, @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "Deborah K. Glencross" ], "doi": "10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1229", - "date": "2021-11-30", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/AJLM/article/view/1229" }, @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ "Maria Claudia Vater" ], "doi": "10.1590/0037-8682-0082-2018", - "date": "10/2018", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822018000500631&tlng=en" }, @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Luis E. Cuevas" ], "doi": "10.1128/JCM.00864-15", - "date": "08/2015", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.00864-15" }, @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ "Corinne S. Merle" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0264206", - "date": "2022-2-22", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264206" }, @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ "Prathap Tharyan" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0205233", - "date": "2018-10-29", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205233" }, @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ "Susan E Dorman" ], "doi": "10.1186/1471-2334-13-352", - "date": "12/2013", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-352" }, @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ "Frank Cobelens" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.1001120", - "date": "2011-11-8", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001120" }, @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ "Achilles Katamba" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0122574", - "date": "2015-4-1", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122574" }, @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ "Brittany Moore" ], "doi": "10.1007/s40258-018-0397-3", - "date": "8/2018", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40258-018-0397-3" }, @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ "Charoen Chuchottaworn" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.vhri.2019.09.010", - "date": "05/2020", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221210992030008X" }, @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "Kevin Schwartzman" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0150119", - "date": "2016-3-18", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150119" }, @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "Alemayehu Hailu" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0259056", - "date": "2021-10-25", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259056" }, @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "Esther Turunga" ], "doi": "10.1097/QAI.0000000000002371", - "date": "2020-07-1", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002371" }, @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Ten\u00edas-Burillo" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eimc.2016.06.009", - "date": "08/2017", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X16301550" }, @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Ten\u00edas-Burillo" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eimc.2016.06.009", - "date": "08/2017", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X16301550" }, @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ "Nelson L.S. Lee" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.015", - "date": "04/2015", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016344531500002X" } diff --git a/data/kayongo-papers_zotero_items.json b/data/kayongo-papers_zotero_items.json deleted file mode 100644 index 233ed2b7e1a6aa570ab4e1db75909d3f4ac45e1b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/kayongo-papers_zotero_items.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "key": "UNWR6MI4", - "title": "Le\u00e7ons du Rapid Response Service en Ouganda", - "abstract": "R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Le Service de r\u00e9ponse rapide (RRS)\u2013en anglais Rapid Reponse Service\u2013est un service d'application de connaissances. Il r\u00e9pond au besoin de donn\u00e9es des d\u00e9cideurs en \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "I Kawooya", - "I Ddumba", - "E Kayongo", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.cres-sn.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ebook-Donnees-probantes.pdf#page=241" - }, - { - "key": "QEZLUVIL", - "title": "Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography Findings in Ugandan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia; A Cross Sectional Study", - "abstract": "Abstract Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a leading cause of childhood stroke in sub-Saharan Africa and sickle cell brain vasculopathy manifests either as overt stroke or clinically\" silent \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "R Idro", - "NS Green", - "D Munube", - "LR Buluma", - "B Kebirungi", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/132/Supplement%201/2376/264336" - }, - { - "key": "BN43BLJ5", - "title": "Accuracy of the chest x-ray in screening for tuberculosis in Uganda: A cross-sectional study.", - "abstract": "Abstract ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The WHO END TB strategy requires\u2265 90% case detection to combat tuberculosis (TB). Increased TB case detection requires a more \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Nalunjogi", - "F Mugabe", - "I Najjingo", - "P Lusiba", - "F Olweny", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-37900/latest.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "PF63FYYY", - "title": "Rapidly responding to policy queries with evidence: Learning from rapid response services in Uganda", - "abstract": "Summary The Rapid Response Service (RRS) is a knowledge translation service in Uganda that responds to a decision maker's needs for evidence with synthesised relevant evidence \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "I Kawooya", - "I Ddumba", - "E Kayongo", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/39511/9780367440121_text.pdf?sequence=1#page=159" - }, - { - "key": "VXFKNQIN", - "title": "Pre-diagnostic drop out of presumptive TB patients and its associated factors at Bugembe Health Centre IV in Jinja, Uganda", - "abstract": "Background: Drop out of presumptive TB individuals before making a final diagnosis poses a danger to the individual and their community. We aimed to determine the proportion of \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "G Ekuka", - "I Kawooya", - "E Kayongo", - "R Ssenyonga", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/197831" - }, - { - "key": "KQWSK82P", - "title": "Point\u2010of\u2010care diagnostic tests for sickle cell disease", - "abstract": "Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To determine the accuracy of point\u2010of\u2010care tests (POCT) to screen sickle cell \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "I Kawooya", - "E Kayongo", - "D Munube", - "..." - ], - "doi": "10.1002/14651858.CD014584", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD014584/abstract" - }, - { - "key": "8PMU8JR9", - "title": "of nodding syndrome", - "abstract": "Aims. Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood acquired disorder affecting children in sub-Saharan Africa. The aetiology and pathogenesis are unknown, and no specific treatment is \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "E Kayongo", - "N Gumisiriza", - "A Lanyero", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0a3/7f6c382fe555492d8640855e31bf233881c0.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "AN26LWTD", - "title": "Accuracy and incremental yield of the chest X-ray in screening for tuberculosis in Uganda: a cross-sectional study", - "abstract": "The WHO END TB strategy requires\u2265 90% case detection to combat tuberculosis (TB). Increased TB case detection requires a more sensitive and specific screening tool \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Nalunjogi", - "F Mugabe", - "I Najjingo", - "P Lusiba", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/trt/2021/6622809/" - }, - { - "key": "MAYC8H5C", - "title": "Vulnerability of Populations to Malaria after Indoor Residual Spraying is Withdrawn from Areas where its Use has Previously Been Sustained. Protocol for a Systematic \u2026", - "abstract": "Background: With its proven effectiveness, indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a malaria vector control strategy forms one of the reliable vector control strategies, especially when at \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "P Orishaba", - "E Kayongo", - "P Lusiba", - "C Nakalema", - "..." - ], - "doi": "10.1101/2022.05.24.22275507.abstract", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.22275507.abstract" - }, - { - "key": "S2FGVY8R", - "title": "Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and seizure control in children with nodding syndrome; a cross-sectional study", - "abstract": "Objective Plasmodium falciparum is epileptogenic and in malaria endemic areas, is a leading cause of acute seizures. In these areas, asymptomatic infections are common but \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "R Ogwang", - "R Anguzu", - "P Akun", - "A Ningwa", - "E Kayongo", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/10/e023624.abstract" - }, - { - "key": "6KALDEWN", - "title": "Adherence to the MDR-TB intensive phase treatment protocol amongst individuals followed up at central and peripheral health care facilities in Uganda-a descriptive \u2026", - "abstract": "Background: Following initiation of MDR-TB treatment, patients have a choice to receive follow up DOT supervision at either the central initiating facility or at a peripheral facility \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Mukasa", - "E Kayongo", - "I Kawooya", - "D Lukoye", - "..." - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/197828" - }, - { - "key": "76FY87Z6", - "title": "The natural history of nodding syndrome", - "abstract": "Aims. Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood acquired disorder affecting children in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. The aetiology and pathogenesis are unknown, and no specific treatment is \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "R Idro", - "R Ogwang", - "E Kayongo", - "N Gumisiriza", - "..." - ], - "doi": "10.1684/epd.2018.1012", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1684/epd.2018.1012" - }, - { - "key": "TQQ2BYRK", - "title": "Paper 1: Demand-driven rapid reviews for health policy and systems decision-making: lessons from Lebanon, Ethiopia, and South Africa on researchers and \u2026", - "abstract": "Rapid reviews have emerged as an approach to provide contextualized evidence in a timely and efficient manner. Three rapid review centers were established in Ethiopia, Lebanon \u2026", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "RM Mijumbi-Deve", - "I Kawooya", - "E Kayongo", - "R Izizinga", - "..." - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s13643-022-02021-3", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13643-022-02021-3" - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json b/data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json index cebcec47387437b3b8a1f803276662341c8f0ddb..03a093e0e444194b75f108460d7bf0020f5aecbb 100644 --- a/data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json +++ b/data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ "Rania A Tohme" ], "doi": "10.15585/mmwr.mm7229a2", - "date": "2023", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ "Edgar Mugema Mulogo" ], "doi": "10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.03.Art019", - "date": "2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ "Edgar Mugema Mulogo" ], "doi": "10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art008", - "date": "2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ "G. Shapira" ], "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.1004070", - "date": "2022", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137126764&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pmed.1004070&partnerID=40&md5=32f1cd887f5eb46121eb1e48abfcdaaf" }, @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ "Yahaya Gavamukulya" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.dib.2019.104269", - "date": "2019", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "Kirsty Le Doare" ], "doi": "10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006102", - "date": "2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=34452941&site=ehost-live&scope=site" }, @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Tsai-Ching Hsu" ], "doi": "", - "date": "2020", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=148721705&site=ehost-live&scope=site" }, @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ "E. M. Mulogo" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12879-022-07579-w", - "date": "2022", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ "D. Kajungu" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12913-023-09875-w", - "date": "2023", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ "C. Banura" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12889-022-13113-z", - "date": "2022", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "N. Fadl" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10900-023-01261-1", - "date": "2024", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ "Y. Gavamukulya" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.dib.2019.104269", - "date": "2019", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ "Y. Gavamukulya" ], "doi": "10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v39i330209", - "date": "2019", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "H. W. Reynolds" ], "doi": "10.3390/vaccines11030647", - "date": "2023", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "E. Sacks" ], "doi": "10.1093/heapol/czaa099", - "date": "2020", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ "L. Berman" ], "doi": "10.3390/vaccines11020375", - "date": "2023", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ "P. Waiswa" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12913-021-06554-6", - "date": "2021", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" }, @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ "F. Guillen-Grima" ], "doi": "10.3390/vaccines11061103", - "date": "2023", + "year": null, "item_type": "journalArticle", "url": "" } diff --git a/data/zotero-collection-pastan_zotero_items.json b/data/zotero-collection-pastan_zotero_items.json deleted file mode 100644 index 16760315087e066e8247cd15c107fe7a340eeca4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/data/zotero-collection-pastan_zotero_items.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,945 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "key": "BUUB8KJG", - "title": "High acceptability for cell phone text messages to improve communication of laboratory results with HIV-infected patients in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional survey study", - "abstract": "Background: Patient-provider communication is a major challenge in resource-limited settings with large catchment areas. Though mobile phone usership increased 20-fold in Africa over the past decade, little is known about acceptability of, perceptions about disclosure and confidentiality, and preferences for cell phone communication of health information in the region.Methods: We performed structured interviews of fifty patients at the Immune Suppression Syndrome clinic in Mbarara, Uganda to assess four domains of health-related communication: a) cell phone use practices and literacy, b) preferences for laboratory results communication, c) privacy and confidentiality, and d) acceptability of and preferences for text messaging to notify patients of abnormal test results.Results: Participants had a median of 38 years, were 56% female, and were residents of a large catchment area throughout southwestern Uganda. All participants expressed interest in a service to receive information about laboratory results by cell phone text message, stating benefits of increased awareness of their health and decreased transportation costs. Ninety percent reported that they would not be concerned for unintended disclosure. A minority additionally expressed concerns about difficulty interpreting messages, discouragement upon learning bad news, and technical issues. Though all respondents expressed interest in password protection of messages, there was also a strong desire for direct messages to limit misinterpretation of information.Conclusions: Cell phone text messaging for communication of abnormal laboratory results is highly acceptable in this cohort of HIV-infected patients in rural Uganda. The feasibility of text messaging, including an optimal balance between privacy and comprehension, should be further studied.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "MJ Siedner", - "JE Haberer", - "MB Bwana", - "NC Ware", - "DR Bangsberg" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/1472-6947-12-56", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "T3WT7IU5", - "title": "Provider love in an informal settlement: Men's relationships with providing women and implications for HIV in Kampala, Uganda", - "abstract": "Uganda has made progress in controlling the HIV epidemic since it first emerged in the 1980s. While new infections in the country are higher among women, men in urban areas face a higher risk of AIDS-related mortality due to starting treatment later and taking medication inconsistently. While gender analyses have been used to describe women?s HIV vulnerability, less is known about how masculinity, and especially different forms of masculinity, affect men?s vulnerability. This study reports on data from an ethnography (2016?2019) with lowincome men in urban Uganda. This study uses gender and power theory to describe how men?s relationships with female sex workers in an informal settlement in urban Kampala, Uganda are characterized by female providers (?provider love?) and male dependents. Young men in this sample, largely jobless, rely on their relationships for daily survival. As gender roles reverse, young men find themselves unable to attain masculine ideals as expected of Baganda men. Instead, men in this sample face less power in their relationships, a loss of masculine respectability, and diminished reputations in the community. These intersections of gender, economic struggle, power, and intimacy reconfigure men?s HIV vulnerability in this setting. Public health programming on HIV/ AIDS for men should consider different patterns of masculinity, power, and economic struggle and how they impact HIV outcomes.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "MM Schmidt-Sane" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113847", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "XHYQCB2E", - "title": "Effect of HIV Subtype and Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Stage in Rakai, Uganda", - "abstract": "Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) stage in the United States where subtype B predominates, but the effect of ART and subtype on HAND stage in individuals in Uganda with subtypes D and A is largely unknown.Setting: A community-based cohort of participants residing in Rakai, Uganda.Methods: Three hundred ninety-nine initially ART-naive HIV-seropositive (HIV+) individuals were followed up over 2 years. Neurological and neuropsychological tests and functional assessments were used to determine HAND stage. Frequency and predictors of HAND and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) were assessed at baseline and at follow-up after ART initiation in 312 HIV+ individuals. HIV subtype was determined from gag and env sequences.Results: At 2-year follow-up, HAD frequency among HIV+ individuals on ART (n = 312) decreased from 13% to 5% (P < 0.001), but the overall frequency of HAND remained unchanged (56%-51%). Subtype D was associated with higher rates of impaired cognition (global deficit score >= 0.5) compared with HIV+ individuals with subtype A (55% vs. 24%) (P = 0.008). Factors associated with HAD at baseline were older age, depression, and plasma HIV viral load >100,000 copies/mL. At follow-up, age and depression remained significantly associated with HAD.Conclusions: HIV+ individuals on ART in rural Uganda had a significant decrease in the frequency of HAD, but HAND persists after 2 years on ART. The current guideline of immediate ART initiation after HIV diagnosis is likely to greatly reduce HAD in sub-Saharan Africa. Further studies of the effect of HIV subtype and neurocognitive performance are warranted.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "N Sacktor", - "D Saylor", - "G Nakigozi", - "N Nakasujja", - "K Robertson", - "MK Grabowski", - "A Kisakye", - "J Batte", - "R Mayanja", - "A Anok", - "RH Gray", - "MJ Wawer" - ], - "doi": "10.1097/QAI.0000000000001992", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "HPR5BWSJ", - "title": "Linking data sources for measurement of effective coverage in maternal and newborn health: what do we learn from individual- vs ecological-linking methods?", - "abstract": "Background Improving maternal and newborn health requires improvements in the quality of facility-based care. This is challenging to measure: routine data may be unreliable; respondents in population surveys may be unable to accurately report on quality indicators; and facility assessments lack population level denominators. We explored methods for linking access to skilled birth attendance (SBA) from household surveys to data on provision of care from facility surveys with the aim of estimating population level effective coverage reflecting access to quality care.Methods We used data from Mayuge District, Uganda. Data from household surveys on access to SBA were linked to health facility assessment census data on readiness to provide basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) in the same district. One individual- and two ecological-linking methods were applied. All methods used household survey reports on where care at birth was accessed. The individual- linking method linked this to data about facility readiness from the specific facility where each woman delivered. The first ecological-linking approach used a district-wide mean estimate of facility readiness. The second used an estimate of facility readiness adjusted by level of health facility accessed. Absolute differences between estimates derived from the different linking methods were calculated, and agreement examined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient.Results A total of 1177 women resident in Mayuge reported a birth during 2012-13. Of these, 664 took place in facilities within Mayuge, and were eligible for linking to the census of the district's 38 facilities. 55% were assisted by an SBA in a facility. Using the individual-linking method, effective coverage of births that took place with a SBA in a facility ready to provide BEmONC was just 10% (95% confidence interval CI 3-17). The absolute difference between the individual-and ecological-level linking method adjusting for facility level was one percentage point (11%), and tests suggested good agreement. The ecological method using the district-wide estimate demonstrated poor agreement.Conclusions The proportion of women accessing appropriately equipped facilities for care at birth is far lower than the coverage of facility delivery. To realise the life-saving potential of health services, countries need evidence to inform actions that address gaps in the provision of quality care. Linking household and facility-based information provides a simple but innovative method for estimating quality of care at the population level. These encouraging findings suggest that linking data sets can result in meaningful evidence even when the exact location of care seeking is not known.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "B Willey", - "P Waiswa", - "D Kajjo", - "M Munos", - "J Akuze", - "E Allen", - "T Marchant" - ], - "doi": "10.7189/jogh.08.010601", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "YR6N3YXI", - "title": "Using baseline and formative evaluation data to inform the Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative", - "abstract": "Motorcycles are an important form of transportation in Uganda, and are involved in more road traffic injuries than any other vehicle. The majority of motorcycles in Uganda are used as motorcycle taxis, better known locally as boda bodas. Research shows that a motorcycle helmet is effective at reducing a rider's risk of death and head injury. As part of the Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative (UHVI), researchers collected baseline and formative evaluation data on boda boda operators' helmet attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to inform UHVI activities. Researchers collected data on motorcycle helmet-related attitudes and beliefs through focus group discussions and structured roadside interviews, and researchers conducted roadside observations to collect data on helmet-wearing behaviors. Of the 12,189 motorcycle operators and passengers observed during roadside observations, 30.8% of drivers and <1% of passengers were wearing helmets. The most commonly reported helmet-wearing barriers from the focus group discussions and structured roadside interviews were: (1) Helmet is uncomfortable', (2) Helmet is too hot', (3) Helmet is too expensive', and (4) Helmet is of low quality'. Researchers incorporated findings from the formative research into the UHVI campaign to increase motorcycle helmet use. Radio messages addressing helmet comfort and cost were widely aired throughout Kampala, Uganda. In addition, campaign staff held nine boda boda operator workshops, covering approximately 900 operators, in which the facilitator addressed barriers and facilitators to helmet use. Each workshop participant received a high-quality tropical motorcycle helmet. UHVI will continue to use a data-driven approach to future campaign activities.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "DR Roehler", - "RB Naumann", - "B Mutatina", - "M Nakitto", - "B Mwanje", - "L Brondum", - "C Blanchard", - "GT Baldwin", - "AM Dellinger" - ], - "doi": "10.1177/1757975913509657", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "QHFH2YD6", - "title": "Social norms regarding alcohol use, perceptions of alcohol advertisement and intent to drink alcohol among youth in Uganda", - "abstract": "The objective of this paper is to address the scarcity of research on alcohol marketing exposure and underage drinking in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines perceptions of alcohol advertisements and perceived peer, adult, and parental attitudes regarding alcohol use and intentions to drink among vulnerable youth. The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 with service-seeking youth (ages 12-18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n = 1,134) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers. Survey measures assessed perceptions of alcohol ads, social norms regarding alcohol use, and intentions to drink alcohol. Chi-square tests and structural equation modeling analyses were computed. Among participants, 32% reported intentions to drink alcohol. In fully adjusted multivariable models, current drinking status (AdjOR = 5.13; 95% CI:3.93, 6.72) and perceived attractive alcohol ads (AdjOR = 3.71; 95%CI: 2.88, 4.78) were most strongly associated with the intention to drink. Analyses examining social norms as a moderator between perceptions of alcohol ads and intention to drink found that peer networks that disapproved of drinking were protective against intent to drink. Perceived alcohol advertisement effectiveness and peer networks supportive of alcohol use were associated with intentions to drink among both boys and girls in Kampala and were not buffered by parental disapproval of drinking. Reducing exposure to alcohol marketing and developing prevention programs that strengthen peer networks disapproving of underage alcohol use and reduce exposure to alcohol marketing may be promising strategies among these vulnerable youth.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "MH Swahn", - "R Culbreth", - "C Cottrell-Daniels", - "NM Tumwesigye", - "D Jernigan", - "R Kasilye", - "I Obot" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/14635240.2022.2047093", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "P9LSFH7D", - "title": "Trichophyton violaceum Leading cause of tinea capitis in children in the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda", - "abstract": "Tinea capitis is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum or Trichophyton.The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation of tinea capitis among children in western Uganda.From February to June 2012, skin and hair samples were obtained from 115 patients aged from 1 to 16 years presenting at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MUSC) with clinically suspected tinea capitis. Conventional mycological diagnostics comprised Blancophor preparation and cultivation of fungi for species identification.Tinea capitis among the children included in the MUSC study was mainly noninflammatory showing mostly a seborrhoeic pattern or \"black dot\" and \"gray patch\" form and highly inflammatory kerion celsi. Blancophor preparation identified 82.6 % positive and 17.4 % negative samples. Cultural species differentiation showed Trichophyton (T.) violaceum as the causative agent for tinea capitis in 56.6 % of the patients. In 13 %, Microsporum (M.) audouinii was isolated followed by T. soudanense (2.6 %), and T. rubrum (1.7 %). In addition, moulds (contamination?) such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum were found as well as mixed infections.The anthropophilic dermatophyte T. violaceum represents the most frequent cause of tinea capitis in western Uganda. For successful management oral antifungal therapy is necessary together with supportive topical treatment.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "C Wiegand", - "P Mugisha", - "GK Mulyowa", - "P Elsner", - "UC Hipler", - "Y Graser", - "S Uhrlass", - "P Nenoff" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s00105-016-3831-1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "C9FKBKS3", - "title": "Rifampicin susceptibility discordance between Xpert MTB/RIF G4 and Xpert Ultra before MDRT-TB treatment initiation: A case report from Uganda", - "abstract": "Tuberculosis (TB) resistance to rifampicin, the most powerful drug leads to increase in mortality. Globally, half a million new patients develop such resistant TB each year, coupled with both inappropriate diagnosis and treatment initiation.We report a case of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis whose rifampicin resistance was missed by Xpert MTB/RIF Assay G4 but detected by the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay at different time points leading to increased delays for MDR-TB treatment initiation at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Our case report compels greater urgency in accelerating the transition to the newer assay, Ultra, to benefit from higher sensitivity of rifampicin resistance detection.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "W Ssengooba", - "K Komakech", - "S Namiiro", - "H Byabajungu", - "J Nalunjogi", - "W Katagira", - "I Kimuli", - "ML Joloba", - "S Adakun", - "L Nakiyingi", - "G Torrea", - "BJ Kirenga" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100286", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "U9HAASQR", - "title": "High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Gonorrhea Among Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda (2008-2009)", - "abstract": "BackgroundRecent antimicrobial resistance data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae are lacking in Uganda, where, until 2010, ciprofloxacin was the nationally recommended first-line treatment of presumptive gonorrhea. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of N. gonorrhoeae isolates cultured from female sex workers (FSWs) in Kampala.MethodsGonococci were isolated from endocervical specimens collected from women enrolled in a FSW cohort for 18 months (2008-2009). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for 7 antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, spectinomycin, penicillin, and tetracycline) were determined for 148 isolates using Etest strips. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing version 1.3 clinical breakpoints were used to assign susceptibility categories. The 2008 World Health Organization N. gonorrhoeae panel was used for quality assurance purposes.ResultsFor ciprofloxacin, 123 (83.1%) gonococcal isolates were resistant, 2 (1.4%) had intermediate susceptibility, and 23 (15.6%) were fully susceptible. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin, whereas 1 isolate (0.7%) was resistant to cefixime. For azithromycin, 124 isolates (83.8%) were susceptible, 20 (13.5%) had decreased susceptibility, and 4 (2.7%) were resistant. Most isolates were resistant to penicillin (101; 68.2%) and tetracycline (144; 97.3%). The minimum inhibitory concentration ranges for each antibiotic were as follows: ciprofloxacin (0.002-32 mg/L), ceftriaxone (<= 0.002-0.064 mg/L), cefixime (<= 0.016-0.38 mg/L), spectinomycin (2-24 mg/L), azithromycin (0.023-1 mg/L), penicillin (0.094-32 mg/L), and tetracycline (0.019-256 mg/L).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhea observed in Kampala-based FSW emphasizes the need for sustainable gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs in Uganda and, in general, Africa.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Vandepitte", - "P Hughes", - "G Matovu", - "J Bukenya", - "H Grosskurth", - "DA Lewis" - ], - "doi": "10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000099", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "FRKZKY4Z", - "title": "The Social Legacy of AIDS: Fertility Aspirations Among HIV-Affected Women in Uganda", - "abstract": "Objectives. We investigated the impact of HIV status on fertility desires in Uganda.Methods. We surveyed 1594 women aged 18 to 49 years visiting outpatient services at Mbarara Regional Hospital, from May through August 2010. Of these, 59.7% were HIV-positive; 96.4% of HIV-positive women were using antiretroviral therapy (ART). We used logistic regression models to examine relationships between HIV status and fertility desires, marital status, household structure, educational attainment, and household income.Results. Among married women, HIV-positive status was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of desiring more children (27.7% vs 56.4% of HIV-negative women; chi(2) = 39.97; P<.001). The difference remained highly significant net of age, parity, son parity, foster children, education, or household income. HIV-positive women were more likely to be poor, unmarried, single heads of household, in second marriages (if married), living with an HIV-positive spouse, and supporting foster children.Conclusions. We found a strong association between positive HIV status and lower fertility aspirations among married women in Uganda, irrespective of ART status. Although the increasing availability of ART is a tremendous public health achievement, women affected by HIV have numerous continuing social needs. (Am J Public Health. 2013;103:278-285. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300892)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "RC Snow", - "M Mutumba", - "K Resnicow", - "G Mugyenyi" - ], - "doi": "10.2105/AJPH.2012.300892", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "QW4NZVWC", - "title": "Training, employee engagement and employee performance: Evidence from Uganda's health sector", - "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of training and employee engagement on employee performance using evidence from Uganda's health sector. This study is cross sectional and correlational. Usable questionnaires were received from 150 respondents from four Catholic founded hospitals that is Kamuli Mission Hospital, Buluba Mission Hospital, St. Benedict Mission Hospital and Budini Mission Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Regression analysis results indicate that training and employee engagement significantly predict employee performance by 44.7% and employee engagement was found to be a major predictor of employee performance as compared to training. Correlation analysis results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between training and employee performance. Correlation analysis results further indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and employee performance. A partial mediation effect of employee engagement in the relationship between training and employee performance was also established. This research is important to managers, policy makers and Government in improving employee performance in the health sector. Given that this study was cross sectional, monitoring changes in behavior could not be possible. To the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study to establish the contribution of training and employee engagement on employee performance and at the same time provide an initial empirical evidence on the mediation effect of employee engagement in the relationship between training and employee performance using evidence from Uganda's health sector.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "K Sendawula", - "SN Kimuli", - "J Bananuka", - "GN Muganga" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/23311975.2018.1470891", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "T3F6J82V", - "title": "Availability of post-hospital services supporting community reintegration for children with identified surgical need in Uganda", - "abstract": "Background: Community services and supports are essential for children transitioning home to recover from the hospital after surgery. This study assessed the availability and geographic capacity of rehabilitation, assistive devices, familial support, and school reintegration programs for school-aged children in Uganda with identified surgical need.Methods: This study assessed the geographic epidemiology and spatial analysis of resource availability in communities in Uganda. Participants were children with identified surgical need using the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical need (SOSAS). Community-based resources available to children and adolescents after surgery in Uganda were identified using publicly available data sources and searching for resources through consultation with in-country collaborators We sought resources available in all geographic regions for a variety of services.Results: Of 1082 individuals surveyed aged 5 to 14 yearsr, 6.2% had identified surgical needs. Pediatric surgical conditions were most prevalent in the Northern and Central regions of Uganda. Of the 151 community-based services identified, availability was greatest in the Central region and least in the Northern region, regardless of type. Assuming 30% of children with surgical needs will need services, a maximum of 50.1% of these children would have access to the needed services in the extensive capacity estimates, while only 10.0% would have access in the minimal capacity estimates. The capacity varied dramatically by region with the Northern region having much lower capacity in all scenarios as compared to the Central, Eastern, or Western regions.Conclusions: Our study found that beyond the city of Kampala in the Central region, community-based services were severely lacking for school-aged children in Uganda. Increased pediatric surgical capacity to additional hospitals in Uganda will need to be met with increased availability and access to community-based services to support recovery and community re-integration.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "ER Smith", - "BJ van de Water", - "A Martin", - "SJ Barton", - "J Seider", - "C Fitzgibbon", - "MM Bility", - "N Ekeji", - "JRN Vissoci", - "MM Haglund", - "JP Bettger" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/s12913-018-3510-2", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "MZK42KJW", - "title": "Class-Based Chronicities of Suffering and Seeking Help: Comparing Addiction Treatment Programs in Uganda", - "abstract": "Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article looks at changing discourses and practices in the field of mental health care in Uganda. In particular, it analyzes two psychotherapeutic institutions designed to treat drug- and alcohol-addiction, and their accessibility and affordability for people from different class backgrounds. The first center is a high-class residential facility near Kampala which offers state-of-the-art addiction therapy, but is affordable only for the rich. The second center, a church-funded organization in Northern Uganda, cares mainly for people from poor, rural families who cannot afford exp/tensive treatment. Comparing the two centers provides important insights not only into the temporalities of mental illness, substance abuse and mental health care, but also into broader socio-economic dynamics and understandings of suffering in contemporary Uganda. The term 'class-based chronicities' refers to the way both the urgency with which people seek treatment (when has someone suffered enough?) and the length of treatment they receive (when is someone considered 'recovered'?) are highly class-dependent. On a theoretical level, the article shows how psychotherapeutic models operate as philosophical systems which not only impact on treatment practices, but also produce different addiction entities and addiction-related subjectivities. As such, it contributes to an emerging anthropology of addiction.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Vorholter" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s11013-017-9541-z", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "93GUZ7YR", - "title": "The burden of HIV/AIDS among slum-dwelling school-age children in Kampala, Uganda", - "abstract": "Introduction: Adult and youthful slum dwellers have been documented to have a higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to the general population. However, there is paucity of information on the extent of this infection among slum-dwelling school-age (5-14 years) children in Uganda. This study explored the burden of HIV among slum-dwelling school-age children (SDSAC) of Namuwongo, Kampala, Uganda.Material and methods: We analysed data derived from HIV counselling and testing records of school-age children that tested at Kisugu HCIII between 2011 and 2016. A total of 555 anonymised records were analysed for: residence, HIV, religious, and sex status. Using STATA version 13, bi-variate analysis was conducted to obtain joint distribution, and the two-sample test of proportions test was used to elicit associations and their significance.Results: The overall study population burden of HIV was 2%, with girls (2.6%) more affected than boys (0.9%). SDSAC had a higher HIV burden (3.3%) compared to non-slum dwellers (1.2%). HIV was more prevalent among slum-dwelling girls (5.2%) compared to their non-slum dwelling counterparts (0.9%). A positive HIV result was associated with being a slum dwelling girl (95% CI: [0.3-8.3], p = 0.013) and belonging to the 10-14-year age group (95% CI: [0.002-0.065], p = 0.015).Conclusions: There is a high burden of HIV among slum-dwelling school-age girls in Kampala. SDSAC should be included among the blind spot population, and we recommend expansion of school-age-friendly, preventive, promotive, and therapeutic HIV services to these areas.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "JT Ssensamba", - "M Nakafeero", - "DM Ssemakula", - "R Ssenyonga", - "JB Nnakate" - ], - "doi": "10.5114/hivar.2019.89455", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "32GPMZ6P", - "title": "Acceptability and trust of community health workers offering maternal and newborn health education in rural Uganda", - "abstract": "When trusted, Community Health Workers (CHWs) can contribute to improving maternal and newborn health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries through education. Issues of acceptability of CHWs by communities were explored through experiences gained in a qualitative study that is part of a cluster randomized trial in East Uganda. Initially, focus group discussions with key community members and leaders were undertaken regarding preventative health and 40 CHWs were observed making home visits by supervisors during the initial 6 months of fieldwork of the trial in eight villages in the Jinja District in Uganda. The results were analyzed using the 5-SPICE framework. Observation of CHWs in the field identified a number of unanticipated issues including a general mistrust of the public health system by community members in areas that had an impact on maternal and newborn health. At the outset, CHWs often did not trust their own abilities and faced community expectations that they would provide curative rather than preventative care. Early community engagement, non-threatening home visits that enhanced friendship and supportive supervision improved the confidence of the CHWs and improved the trust and acceptance of the CHWs and the willingness of the community members to act on what was discussed.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "D Singh", - "R Cumming", - "J Negin" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/her/cyv045", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "UF8DVITP", - "title": "AFM investigation of APAC (antiplatelet and anticoagulant heparin proteoglycan)", - "abstract": "Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs are classified antithrombotic agents with the purpose to reduce blood clot formation. For a successful treatment of many known complex cardiovascular diseases driven by platelet and/or coagulation activity, the need of more than one antithrombotic agent is inevitable. However, combining drugs with different mechanisms of action enhances risk of bleeding. Dual anticoagulant and antiplatelet (APAC), a novel semisynthetic antithrombotic molecule, provides both anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties in preclinical studies. APAC is entering clinical studies with this new exciting approach to manage cardiovascular diseases. For a better understanding of the biological function of APAC, comprehensive knowledge of its structure is essential. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize APAC according to its structure and to investigate the molecular interaction of APAC with von Willebrand factor (VWF), since specific binding of APAC to VWF could reduce platelet accumulation at vascular injury sites. By the optimization of drop-casting experiments, we were able to determine the volume of an individual APAC molecule at around 600 nm(3), and confirm that APAC forms multimers, especially dimers and trimers under the experimental conditions. By studying the drop-casting behavior of APAC and VWF individually, we depictured their interaction by using an indirect approach. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo conducted experiments in pigs supported the AFM results further. Finally, the successful adsorption of APAC to a flat gold surface was confirmed by using photothermal-induced resonance, whereby attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) served as a reference method.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "M Winzely", - "A Jouppila", - "G Ramer", - "L Lux", - "B Lendl", - "K Barreiro", - "R Lassila", - "G Friedbacher" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s00216-021-03765-y", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "3SVBIDEF", - "title": "Barriers to antiretroviral adherence in HIV-positive patients receiving free medication in Kayunga, Uganda", - "abstract": "Global and local efforts have been devoted to increase the supply of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent qualitative studies suggest that even with free ART, patients may fail to adhere to medication because of socioeconomic barriers such as transportation costs to clinics. The aim of this study was to measure adherence in a population of patients receiving free ART and to examine barriers to adherence. Adherence was measured using the pill count and self-report methods among 140 HIV-positive patients at four PEPFAR-facilitated ART clinics in Kayunga, a rural district in Uganda. Self-report was also used to examine reasons for non-adherence. Pill count adherence estimates revealed that 86.4% of the patients were adherent (>= 95%) in the past six months. Self-report estimates showed that all the patients were adherent in the past six months with average adherence of 99.7% +/- 90.6. The main reasons for non-adherence were being away from medication at dose time (29.4%) and forgetting to take pills (27.5%). Lack of access to food and transportation costs accounted for 11.7% and 7.8% of non-adherence, respectively. Patients with 100% adherence reported lack of access to food as the main challenge they had to overcome to stay adherent. Patients attending the rural clinic were significantly less adherent to ART than patients at the Kayunga district capital [OR 0.046 (0.008-0.269)]. The study revealed that the greatest patient-perceived challenge to adherence in this population is the lack of access to food; however, the immediate reasons for non-adherence were found to be forgetfulness and being away from medication at dose's time. These results suggest that interventions tackling lack of access to food are necessary, but interventions addressing forgetfulness and being away from medication at dose's time would be the most effective in enhancing adherence inpatients receiving free ART.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "V Senkomago", - "D Guwatudde", - "M Breda", - "K Khoshnood" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2011.564112", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "MHYDUMS8", - "title": "Changing Antimalarial Drug Sensitivities in Uganda", - "abstract": "Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) has demonstrated excellent efficacy for the treatment and prevention of malaria in Uganda. However, resistance to both components of this regimen has emerged in Southeast Asia. The efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, the first-line regimen to treat malaria in Uganda, has also been excellent, but continued pressure may select for parasites with decreased sensitivity to lumefantrine. To gain insight into current drug sensitivity patterns, ex vivo sensitivities were assessed and genotypes previously associated with altered drug sensitivity were characterized for 58 isolates collected in Tororo, Uganda, from subjects presenting in 2016 with malaria from the community or as part of a clinical trial comparing DP chemoprevention regimens. Compared to community isolates, those from trial subjects had lower sensitivities to the aminoquinolines chloroquine, monodesethyl amodiaquine, and piperaquine and greater sensitivities to lumefantrine and mefloquine, an observation consistent with DP selection pressure. Compared to results for isolates from 2010 to 2013, the sensitivities of 2016 community isolates to chloroquine, amodiaquine, and piperaquine improved (geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50] = 248, 76.9, and 19.1 nM in 2010 to 2013 and 33.4, 14.9, and 7.5 nM in 2016, respectively [P < 0.001 for all comparisons]), the sensitivity to lumefantrine decreased (IC50 = 3.0 nM in 2010 to 2013 and 5.4 nM in 2016 [P < 0.001]), and the sensitivity to dihydroartemisinin was unchanged (IC50 = 1.4 nM). These changes were accompanied by decreased prevalence of transporter mutations associated with aminoquinoline resistance and low prevalence of polymorphisms recently associated with resistance to artemisinins or piperaquine. Antimalarial drug sensitivities are changing in Uganda, but novel genotypes associated with DP treatment failure in Asia are not prevalent.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "SA Rasmussen", - "FG Ceja", - "MD Conrad", - "PK Tumwebaze", - "O Byaruhanga", - "T Katairo", - "SL Nsobya", - "PJ Rosenthal", - "RA Cooper" - ], - "doi": "10.1128/AAC.01516-17", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "SHZ2AABK", - "title": "The Rates of HIV Superinfection and Primary HIV Incidence in a General Population in Rakai, Uganda", - "abstract": "Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) superinfection has been documented in high-risk individuals; however, the rate of superinfection among HIV-infected individuals within a general population remains unknown.Methods. A novel next-generation ultra-deep sequencing technique was utilized to determine the rate of HIV superinfection in a heterosexual population by examining two regions of the viral genome in longitudinal samples from recent HIV seroconverters (n = 149) in Rakai District, Uganda.Results. The rate of superinfection was 1.44 per 100 person years (PYs) (95% confidence interval [CI],.4-2.5) and consisted of both inter-and intrasubtype superinfections. This was compared to primary HIV incidence in 20 220 initially HIV-negative individuals in the general population in Rakai (1.15 per 100 PYs; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P = .26). Propensity score matching (PS) was used to control for differences in sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics between the HIV-positive individuals at risk for superinfection and the HIV-negative population at baseline and follow-up. After PS matching, the estimated rate of primary incidence was 3.28 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 2.0-5.3; P = .07) controlling for baseline differences and 2.51 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 1.5-4.3; P = .24) controlling for follow-up differences.Conclusions. This suggests that the rate of HIV superinfection in a general population is substantial, which could have a significant impact on future public health and HIV vaccine strategies.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "AD Redd", - "CE Mullis", - "D Serwadda", - "XR Kong", - "C Martens", - "SM Ricklefs", - "AAR Tobian", - "CC Xiao", - "MK Grabowski", - "F Nalugoda", - "G Kigozi", - "O Laeyendecker", - "J Kagaayi", - "N Sewankambo", - "RH Gray", - "SF Porcella", - "MJ Wawer", - "TC Quinn" - ], - "doi": "10.1093/infdis/jis325", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "7ZQMLCLZ", - "title": "Do Community-based Livelihood Interventions Affect Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Young People in Slum Areas of Uganda: a Difference-in-difference with Kernel Propensity Score Matching Analysis", - "abstract": "Slum dwellers across Africa have been targeted in interventions whose impacts remain unclear. We evaluated the impact of a livelihood intervention on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of young people in the slum areas of Kampala, Uganda. We carried out a repeated cross-sectional survey in 2014 and 2017 to examine the impact of community-based livelihood interventions on the SRHR of young people in the slum areas of Kampala, Uganda. Impacts were observed such as reduced sexual activity, reduction in aspects of gender-based violence attitudes and beliefs, increased access to and decision-making about contraceptive and family-planning services, increased availability and affordability of SRHR services, reduced need to seek further knowledge on SRHR, reduced barriers to HIV testing, and increased knowledge of health responsibilities. Unexpected results included: increased proportion of young people who had ever had sex, decreased mean age of sexual debut, unaffordability of contraceptives, and increased culturally shaped attitudes and social norms related to gender-based violence. We observed no impact on condom use, consensual sex and sexual assault, the number of sexual partners, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS, affordability of male and female condoms, and uptake of HIV testing services. Rights-based interventions are crucial to how we understand the SRHR of young people in complex sociocultural environments. While the livelihood interventions made significant impacts on the SRHR of young people, there are questions about how such interventions address deeply rooted sociocultural practices to maximise outcomes.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "AMN Renzaho", - "JK Kamara", - "D Doh", - "P Bukuluki", - "RA Mahumud", - "M Galukande" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s11524-021-00596-1", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "BTRQKMJ7", - "title": "A qualitative study on alcohol consumption and HIV treatment adherence among men living with HIV in Ugandan fishing communities", - "abstract": "Ugandan fishing communities are dually burdened with high rates of HIV and alcohol use. This qualitative study explores context and motivation of alcohol consumption, and alcohol's effect on antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence, among male fisherfolk living with HIV in Wakiso District, Uganda. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 men in HIV care and on ART, and used a thematic analysis approach for analysis. Alcohol use was identified as a major barrier to ART adherence through cognitive impairment and the intentional skipping of doses when drinking. Men reportedly reduced their drinking since HIV diagnosis - motivated by counseling received from providers and a newfound desire to live a healthy lifestyle. However, social, occupational, and stress-related influences that make alcohol reduction difficult were identified. Our findings suggest alcohol use may pose a challenge to ART adherence for fishermen living with HIV - and has implications for the tailoring of screening and brief intervention for alcohol reduction in HIV care for this population.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "KM Sileo", - "W Kizito", - "RK Wanyenze", - "H Chemusto", - "W Musoke", - "B Mukasa", - "SM Kiene" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/09540121.2018.1524564", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "RVLW3CI2", - "title": "Matricellular Proteins Play a Potential Role in Acute Primary Angle Closure", - "abstract": "Purpose: To quantify levels of matricellular proteins in aqueous humor samples from acute primary angle closure (APAC) and non-glaucomatous cataract eyes and investigate their correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation.Materials and Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected from 63 eyes including 29 current APAC eyes, 12 previous APAC eyes, and 22 cataract eyes. Concentrations of four main matricellular proteins (SPARC, tenascin-C, thrombospondin-2, and osteopontin) were measured using multiplexed immunoassay kits. Correlations between matricellular proteins and age, sex, and IOP were then detected using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results: The levels of SPARC, thrombospondin-2, and osteopontin were significantly elevated in the APAC group as compared to the cataract group (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.009, respectively). Further separation of the APAC group into current and previous APAC groups showed that only the differences of SPARC and thrombospondin-2 between the current APAC and cataract groups were significant (both p<0.001). All four matricellular proteins were found to have a positive correlation with IOP in the current APAC group but no correlation was found in the previous APAC or cataract groups.Conclusions: The levels of matricellular proteins were significantly elevated in the current APAC eyes and positively correlated to IOP. Further studies are necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms and histological evidence of pathogenesis in matricellular proteins in APAC.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Wang", - "MS Fu", - "K Liu", - "N Wang", - "ZH Zhang", - "MW Zhou", - "X Xu" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/02713683.2018.1449222", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "BT84S2TI", - "title": "Surgical Release of Gluteal Fibrosis in Children Results in Sustained Benefit at 5-Year Follow-up", - "abstract": "Background: Gluteal fibrosis (GF) is a fibrotic infiltration of the gluteal muscles resulting in functionally limiting contracture of the hips and is associated with injections of medications into the gluteal muscles. It has been reported in numerous countries throughout the world. This study assesses the 5-year postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional outcomes for Ugandan children who underwent surgical release of GF. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children who underwent release of GF in 2013 at Kumi Hospital in Eastern Uganda. Functional outcomes, hip ROM, and scar satisfaction data were collected for all patients residing within 40 km of the hospital. Results: One hundred eighteen children ages 4 to 16 at the time of surgery were treated with surgical release of GF in 2013 at Kumi Hospital. Of those 118, 89 were included in this study (79.5%). The remaining 29 were lost to follow-up or lived outside the study's radius. Detailed preoperative ROM and functional data were available for 53 of the 89 patients. In comparison with preoperative assessment, all patients postoperatively reported ability to run normally (P<0.001), sit upright in a chair (P<0.001), sit while eating (P<0.001), and attend the entire day of school (P<0.001). Passive hip flexion (P<0.001) improved when compared with preoperative measurements. In all, 85.2% (n=75) of patients reported satisfaction with scar appearance as \"ok,\" \"good,\" or \"excellent\" 29.2% (n=26) of patients reported back or hip complaints. Conclusions: Overall, the 5-year postoperative outcomes suggest that surgical release of GF improves ROM and functional quality of life with sustained effect.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "AL Reilly", - "FR Owori", - "R Obaikol", - "E Asige", - "H Aluka", - "N Penny", - "R Olupot", - "CS Sabatini" - ], - "doi": "10.1097/BPO.0000000000001735", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "TARV443S", - "title": "Impact of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Use on Outcomes in Blunt Chest Injury", - "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of prehospital antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant (APAC) use on treatment and outcomes in patients with severe blunt chest injury. Patients with three or more rib fractures and a hospital length of stay (LOS) > three days admitted from 2014 to 2015 were included. Demographics, mortality, complications, injuries, hospital and ICU LOS, use of blood products, and thoracostomy were studied. Of 383 patients, 27.4 per cent were on APAC medication. Patients on APAC were older (P < 0.0001), had higher Glasgow Coma Score (P < 0.0001), and had lower Injury Severity Score (P < 0.0001) and total number of fractures (P = 0.0013) than the non-APAC group. APAC was not a predictor of mortality with or without age adjustment. In multiple linear regressions, APAC did not predict an increased LOS. APAC patients did not demonstrate an increase in admission diagnosis or complication of hemothorax, blood transfusions, tube thoracostomy, tracheostomy, LOS, or mortality rates. Similar findings are present in the subgroup of patients studied with high kinetic energy mechanism of injury. Our study does not support the perceived morbidity of APAC therapy in patients with severe blunt chest injury.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "P Udekwu", - "S Roy", - "A Stiles", - "A Dibbert", - "M Nguyen", - "V Rice" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "J2QRY9BR", - "title": "Mobility among youth in Rakai, Uganda: Trends, characteristics, and associations with behavioural risk factors for HIV", - "abstract": "Mobility, including migration and travel, influences risk of HIV. This study examined time trends and characteristics among mobile youth (15-24 years) in rural Uganda, and the relationship between mobility and risk factors for HIV. We used data from an annual household census and population-based cohort study in the Rakai district, Uganda. Data on in-migration and out-migration were collected among youth (15-24 years) from 43 communities from 1999 to 2011 (N = 112,117 observations) and travel among youth residents from 2003 to 2008 (N = 18,318 observations). Migration and travel were more common among young women than young men. One in five youth reported out-migration. Over time, out-migration increased among youth and in-migration remained largely stable. Primary reasons for migration included work, living with friends or family, and marriage. Recent travel within Uganda was common and increased slightly over time in teen women (15-19 years old), and young adult men and women (20-24 years old). Mobile youth were more likely to report HIV-risk behaviours including: alcohol use, sexual experience, multiple partners, and inconsistent condom use. Our findings suggest that among rural Ugandan youth, mobility is increasingly common and associated with HIV-risk factors. Knowledge of patterns and characteristics of a young, high-risk mobile population has important implications for HIV interventions.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "AC Schuyler", - "ZR Edelstein", - "S Mathur", - "J Sekasanvu", - "F Nalugoda", - "R Gray", - "MJ Wawer", - "DM Serwadda", - "JS Santelli" - ], - "doi": "10.1080/17441692.2015.1074715", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "87HKHYQB", - "title": "Nutritional and Immunological Correlates of Memory and Neurocognitive Development Among HIV-Infected Children Living in Kayunga, Uganda", - "abstract": "Objective:To identify the nutritional and immunological correlates of memory and neurocognitive development as measured by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and by the Color Object Association Test (COAT) among children in Uganda.Design:This analysis uses baseline data collected between 2008 and 2010 from 119 HIV-infected children aged 1-6 years, participating in a randomized controlled trial of an interventional parenting program in Kayunga, Uganda.Methods:Peripheral blood draws were performed to determine immunological biomarkers. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were used to relate MSEL and COAT scores to sociodemographic characteristics, weight-for-age Z scores (WAZs), antiretroviral therapy status, and immunological biomarkers.Results:In the final analysis, 111 children were included. Lower levels of CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells (P = 0.04) were associated to higher immediate and total recall scores (P = 0.04). Higher levels of CD8(+) HLA-DR+ T cells were associated with higher total recall score (P = 0.04) of the COAT. Higher CD4(+) CD38(+) HLA-DR+ T cells levels were associated with higher gross motor scores of the MSEL (P = 0.02). WAZ was positively correlated to visual reception, fine motor, expressive language, and composite score of the MSEL.Conclusions:Overall, WAZ was a stronger predictor of neurocognitive outcomes assessed by the MSEL. CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells were more specifically associated with memory-related outcomes. Future research should include immunological markers and standardized neurocognitive tests to further understand this relationship.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "H Ruisenor-Escudero", - "I Familiar-Lopez", - "A Sikorskii", - "N Jambulingam", - "N Nakasujja", - "R Opoka", - "J Bass", - "M Boivin" - ], - "doi": "10.1097/QAI.0000000000000905", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "9TPHBQ5J", - "title": "Profiling the Native Specific Human Humoral Immune Response to Sudan Ebola Virus Strain Gulu by Chemiluminescence Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", - "abstract": "Ebolavirus, a member of the family Filoviridae, causes high lethality in humans and nonhuman primates. Research focused on protection and therapy for Ebola virus infection has investigated the potential role of antibodies. Recent evidence suggests that antibodies can be effective in protection from lethal challenge with Ebola virus in nonhuman primates. However, despite these encouraging results, studies have not yet determined the optimal antibodies and composition of an antibody cocktail, if required, which might serve as a highly effective and efficient prophylactic. To better understand optimal antibodies and their targets, which might be important for protection from Ebola virus infection, we sought to determine the profile of viral protein-specific antibodies generated during a natural cycle of infection in humans. To this end, we characterized the profile of antibodies against individual viral proteins of Sudan Ebola virus (Gulu) in human survivors and nonsurvivors of the outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000-2001. We developed a unique chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for this purpose based on the full-length recombinant viral proteins NP, VP30, and VP40 and two recombinant forms of the viral glycoprotein (GP(1-294) and GP(1-649)) of Sudan Ebola virus (Gulu). Screening results revealed that the greatest immunoreactivity was directed to the viral proteins NP and GP(1-649), followed by VP40. Comparison of positive immunoreactivity between the viral proteins NP, GP(1-649), and VP40 demonstrated a high correlation of immunoreactivity between these viral proteins, which is also linked with survival. Overall, our studies of the profile of immunorecognition of antibodies against four viral proteins of Sudan Ebola virus in human survivors may facilitate development of effective monoclonal antibody cocktails in the future.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "A Sobarzo", - "E Perelman", - "A Groseth", - "O Dolnik", - "S Becker", - "JJ Lutwama", - "JM Dye", - "V Yavelsky", - "L Lobel", - "RS Marks" - ], - "doi": "10.1128/CVI.00363-12", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "E3UVIVP2", - "title": "\"Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth\": pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in eastern Uganda", - "abstract": "Introduction: Disclosure of HIV serostatus by women to their sexual partners is critical for the success of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme as an integrated service in antenatal care. We explored pregnant HIV-positive and HIV-negative women's partner disclosure experiences and support needs in eastern Uganda.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in eastern Uganda between January and May 2010. Data collection was through in-depth interviews with 15 HIV-positive and 15 HIV-negative pregnant women attending a follow up antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mbale Hospital, and six key informant interviews with health workers at the clinic. Data management was done using NVivo version 9, and a content thematic approach was used for analysis.Results: All HIV-negative women had disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partners but expressed need for support to convince their partners to also undergo HIV testing. Women reported that their partners often assumed that they were equally HIV-negative and generally perceived HIV testing in the ANC as a preserve for women. Most of the HIV-positive women had not disclosed their HIV status to sexual partners for fear of abandonment, violence and accusation of bringing HIV infection into the family. Most HIV-positive women deferred disclosure and requested health workers' support in disclosure. Those who disclosed their positive status generally experienced positive responses from their partners.Conclusions: Within the context of routine HIV testing as part of the PMTCT programme, most women who test HIV-positive find disclosure of their status to partners extremely difficult. Their fear of disclosure was influenced by the intersection of gender norms, economic dependency, women's roles as mothers and young age. Pregnant HIV-negative women and their unborn babies remained at risk of HIV infection owing to the resistance of their partners to go for HIV testing. These findings depict a glaring need to strengthen support for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women to maximize opportunities for HIV prevention.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Rujumba", - "S Neema", - "R Byamugisha", - "T Tylleskar", - "JK Tumwine", - "HK Heggenhougen" - ], - "doi": "10.7448/IAS.15.2.17429", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "JYZWFPDI", - "title": "Breast Carcinoma in Uganda Microscopic Study and Receptor Profile of 45 Cases", - "abstract": "Context-Histologic and receptor data on breast carcinoma in Uganda are scarce. Estrogen receptor status is not routinely available. Breast cancer blocks from Uganda were studied in Montreal, Canada, and clinical correlations subsequently discussed in Kampala, Uganda.Objective-To correlate histologic features (tumor type, histologic grade), receptor profile (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu), and age in Ugandan women.Design-Pathology reports for 2000-2004 from Nsambya Hospital, reporting invasive breast carcinoma, provided 45 microscopically confirmed cases.Results-Seventy-three percent of patients were 50 years or younger. Histologic types were invasive ductal carcinoma (78%) and \"good\" prognosis types (11%). Overall 40% were grade 3, but 48% of invasive ductal carcinomas were grade 3. Estrogen receptor was positive in 60% overall and in 51% of invasive ductal carcinomas. HER2/neu was overexpressed in 11%; 36% were \"triple\" negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu negative).Conclusions-Breast carcinoma in Ugandan women presents at a younger age and is histologically and by receptor profile more aggressive than carcinoma in Caucasian women. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135:194-199)", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "I Roy", - "E Othieno" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "NAT9CYAV", - "title": "Attitudes, Norms and Self-Efficacy: Examining Socio-Cognitive Correlates and Sexual Abstinence Among Ugandan Youth Ages 16-18 years, in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda", - "abstract": "Sex-related beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions have been shown to be associated with HIV-related behaviors. However, little is known about the factors associated with delayed sexual activity among older adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined potentially protective beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions associated with delayed sexual initiation among Ugandan youth. Secondary analyses were based on data from the 2014 Kampala Youth Survey, in which 1137 youth aged 12-18, living in 6 slum communities throughout Kampala, Uganda, were surveyed about sociodemographic factors and various health outcomes including drinking patterns, sexual behavior, HIV status, and violence exposure. Participants were recruited, consented, and interviewed by trained by Uganda Youth Development Link staff. After controlling for significant sociodemographic factors, older adolescent (aged 15-18 years old, n = 757, males = 44%, female 56%) sexual abstainers (never had sexual intercourse) were more likely than sexually active youth to (1) perceive HIV as a serious health issue; (2) have positive perceptions of condom use; (3) believe that their friends planned to delay sex and; (4) be confident in their ability to avoid or refuse sex. Sexual abstinence was also associated with lower odds of reporting drunkenness. Study findings revealed that abstainers held more protective beliefs and attitudes for HIV-related risk, compared to sexually active youth. Identifying predictors for early sexual activity provides opportunities for the development of HIV prevention strategies that encourage the delay of sexual debut.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "M Waajid", - "MH Swahn", - "L Salazar", - "K Ramsey-White", - "R Kasirye" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s12119-021-09844-7", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "TZT5NH3E", - "title": "Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010", - "abstract": "The Kampala cancer registry is the longest established in Africa. Trends in incidence rates for a 20-year period (1991-2010) for Kyadondo County (Kampala city and a rural hinterland) illustrate the effects of changing lifestyles in urban Africa, and the effects of the epidemic of HIV-AIDS. There has been an overall increase in the risk of cancer during the period in both sexes, with incidence rates of major cancers such as breast and prostate showing particularly marked increases (3.7% and 5.2% annually, respectively). In the 1960s cancer of the oesophagus was the most common cancer of men (and second in women), and incidence in the last 20 years has not declined. Cancer of the cervix, always the most frequent cancer of women, has shown an increase over the period (1.8% per year), although the rates appear to have declined in the last 4 years. HIV prevalence in adults in Uganda fell from a maximum in 1992 to a minimum (about 6%) in 2004, and has risen a little subsequently, while availability of antiretroviral drugs has risen sharply in recent years. Incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in men fell until about 2002, and has been relatively constant since then, while in women there has been a continuing decline since 2000. Other HIV related cancersnon-Hodgkin lymphoma of younger adults, and squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctivahave shown major increases in incidence, although the former (NHL) has shown a small decline in incidence in the most recent 2 years.What's new? Little information is available on trends in cancer incidence from sub-Saharan Africa. To help rectify that situation, the authors of the present study examined cancer incidence trends over a 20-year period in Kyadondo County, which includes Kampala, the capital of Uganda, using data from the Kampala Cancer Registry. Some trends were expected, such as an increase in cancers associated with Western lifestyles. Other trends, however, such as a lack of decline in cancers of the cervix, esophagus, and stomach, which are associated with poverty, were surprising. In addition, HIV-related cancers showed only modest or no recent decline.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "HR Wabinga", - "S Nambooze", - "PM Amulen", - "C Okello", - "L Mbus", - "DM Parkin" - ], - "doi": "10.1002/ijc.28661", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "6TD7KJFG", - "title": "HIV Type 1 Genetic Variation in Foreskin and Blood from Subjects in Rakai, Uganda", - "abstract": "The foreskin contains a subset of dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that may be targets for initial HIV infection in female-to-male sexual transmission of HIV-1. We present analyses comparing HIV-1 sequences isolated from foreskin DNA and serum RNA in 12 heterosexual men enrolled in an adult male circumcision trial performed in Rakai, Uganda. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated three topologies: (1) little divergence between foreskin and serum, (2) multiple genetic bottlenecks occurring in both foreskin and serum, and (3) complete separation of foreskin and serum populations. The latter tree topology provided evidence that foreskin may serve as a reservoir for distinct HIV-1 strains. Distance and recombination analysis also demonstrated that viral genotypes in the foreskin might segregate independently from the circulating pool of viruses.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Rakai Hlth Sci Program", - "RM Galiwango", - "SL Lamers", - "AD Redd", - "J Manucci", - "AAR Tobian", - "N Sewankambo", - "G Kigozi", - "G Nakigozi", - "D Serwadda", - "I Boaz", - "F Nalugoda", - "DJ Sullivan", - "XR Kong", - "MJ Wawer", - "RH Gray", - "TC Quinn", - "O Laeyendecker" - ], - "doi": "10.1089/aid.2011.0176", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "9LBJ65B6", - "title": "Comparison of pretreatment measurements of anterior segment parameters in eyes with acute and chronic primary angle closure", - "abstract": "PurposeTo compare pretreatment anterior segment parameters between eyes with acute primary angle closure (APAC) and chronic primary angle closure (CPAC), and to identify the characteristics of eyes with APAC.Study designRetrospective.MethodsWe measured pretreatment anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris convexity (IC), and pupil diameter in eyes with APAC and CPAC using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The risk of APAC associated with anterior segment parameters was investigated using multiple logistic regression. Eyes with APAC were discriminated from eyes with CPAC using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). The best cutoff for these variables was determined.ResultsThirty-four eyes with APAC and 60 eyes with CPAC were included. The mean intraocular pressure was 52.312.6mmHg in APAC and 15.5 +/- 3.5mmHg in CPAC (P<.001). Eyes with APAC had a shallower ACD (1.407 +/- 0.301mm vs. 1.960 +/- 0.205mm, P<.001) and less IC (0.233 +/- 0.087mm vs. 0.294 +/- 0.068mm, P<.001) than eyes with CPAC. In multivariate analysis, significant variables associated with APAC were ACD (P<.001) and IC (P=.001). The AUC for ACD was 0.931 and for IC, 0.742. The best cutoff for ACD was 1.699mm (sensitivity 0.824, specificity 0.917) and for IC, 0.282mm (sensitivity 0.853, specificity 0.533).Conclusions Eyes with APAC had a shallower ACD and less IC. Eyes with an ACD<1.7mm may be at risk for APAC.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "S Yoshimizu", - "F Hirose", - "S Takagi", - "M Fujihara", - "Y Kurimoto" - ], - "doi": "10.1007/s10384-019-00651-0", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "AABBH2SV", - "title": "Preference for Sayana (R) Press versus intramuscular Depo-Provera among HIV-positive women in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized crossover trial", - "abstract": "Introduction: Sayana Press (SP), a subcutaneous formulation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) prefilled in a Uniject injection system, could potentially improve and expand contraceptive injection services, but acceptability of SP is unknown. HIV-positive women need contraception to avoid unintended pregnancy and risk of vertical HIV transmission. We assessed acceptability of SP versus intramuscular DMPA (DMPA-IM) among HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda.Methods: Women were randomized to DMPA-IM or SP at baseline, received the alternate product at 3 months, and chose their preferred method at 6 months. We determined preferences among new and experienced contraceptive injectable users who had tried both types of injection during the trial, and from providers before and after providing both types of injectables to clients.Results: Among 357 women randomized, 314 were followed up at 6 months (88%). Although SP caused more skin irritation than DMPA-IM (3.8% vs. 0% at 6 months, p=.03), it was associated with marginally fewer side effects (30.4% vs. 40.4% at 6 months, p=.06). Participants reported high levels of willingness to recommend the DMPA contraception to a friend and satisfaction with the injection received, and these did not differ by injection type. Sixty-four percent of women and 73% of providers preferred SP to DMPA-IM at 6 months; women's preferences did not differ by previous experience with injectable contraception.Conclusions: SP is acceptable to HIV-positive women and health care providers in this rural Ugandan population.Implications: SP appears to be acceptable to HIV-positive women and their care providers in Rakai, Uganda, and strategies for appropriate rollout of this innovative technology should be explored. Published by Elsevier Inc.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "Rakai Hlth Sci Program Sayana", - "CB Polis", - "GF Nakigozi", - "H Nakawooya", - "G Mondo", - "F Makumbi", - "RH Gray" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.contraception.2013.11.008", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "DEIHXF3K", - "title": "Traditional healer-delivered point-of-care HIV testing versus referral to clinical facilities for adults of unknown serostatus in rural Uganda: a mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial", - "abstract": "Background HIV counselling and testing are essential to control the HIV epidemic. However, HIV testing uptake is low in sub-Saharan Africa, where many people use informal health-care resources such as traditional healers. We hypothesised that uptake of HIV tests would increase if provided by traditional healers. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of traditional healers delivering HIV testing at point of care compared with referral to local clinics for HIV testing in rural southwestern Uganda.Methods We did a mixed-methods study that included a cluster-randomised trial followed by individual qualitative interviews among a sample of participants in Mbarara, Uganda. Traditional healers aged 18 years or older who were located within 8 km of the Mbarara District HIV clinic, were identified in the 2018 population-level census of traditional healers in Mbarara District, and delivered care to at least seven clients per week were randomly assigned (1:1) as clusters to an intervention or a control group. Healers screened their clients for eligibility, and research assistants confirmed eligibility and enrolled clients who were aged 18 years or older, were receiving care from a participating healer, were sexually active (ever had intercourse), self-reported not having received an HIV test in the previous 12 months (and therefore considered to be of unknown serostatus), and had not previously been diagnosed with HIV infection. Intervention group healers provided counselling and offered point-of-care HIV tests to adult clients. Control group healers provided referral for HIV testing at nearby clinics. The primary outcome was the individual receipt of an HIV test within 90 days of study enrolment. Safety and adverse events were recorded and defined on the basis of prespecified criteria. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03718871.Findings Between Aug 2, 2019, and Feb 7, 2020, 17 traditional healers were randomly assigned as clusters (nine to intervention and eight to control), with 500 clients of unknown HIV serostatus enrolled (250 per group). In the intervention group, 250 clients (100%) received an HIV test compared with 57 (23%) in the control group, a 77% (95% CI 73-82) increase in testing uptake, after adjusting for the effect of clustering (p<0.0001). Ten (4%) of 250 clients in the intervention group tested HIV positive, seven of whom self-reported linkage to HIV care. No new HIV cases were identified in the control group. Qualitative interviews revealed that HIV testing delivered by traditional healers was highly acceptable among both providers and clients. No safety or adverse events were reported.Interpretation Delivery of point-of-care HIV tests by traditional healers to adults of unknown serostatus significantly increased rates of HIV testing in rural Uganda. Given the ubiquity of healers in Africa, this approach holds promise as a new pathway to provide community-based HIV testing, and could have a dramatic effect on uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "R Sundararajan", - "M Ponticiello", - "MH Lee", - "SA Strathdee", - "W Muyindike", - "D Nansera", - "R King", - "D Fitzgerald", - "J Mwanga-Amumpaire" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "N9GVI6HF", - "title": "Clinical correlates of suicidality among individuals with HIV infection and AIDS disease in Mbarara, Uganda", - "abstract": "The association between suicidality and HIV/AIDS has been demonstrated for three decades, but little is know about risk factors that can help understand this association and help identify who is most at risk. Few research studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that accounts for more than 70% of the HIV global burden. This paper describes clinical risk factors for suicidality among individuals with HIV infection and AIDS disease in Mbarara, Uganda. In this study, suicidality includes both suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 543 HIV-positive individuals aged 15 years and above, recruited from 2 HIV specialised clinics in Mbarara. Using logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with suicidality at 95% confidence interval were identified. The rate of suicidality was 10% (n = 54; 95% CI: 5.00-15.00). Risk factors for suicidality were: perception of poor physical health (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.23-3.99, p = 0.007), physical pain (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.01-3.30, p = 0.049), reducing work due to illness (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.23-3.99, p = 0.004) and recent HIV diagnosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that HIV/AIDS in south-western Uganda is associated with a considerable burden of suicidality. HIV is associated with several clinical factors that increase vulnerability to suicidality. There is need for more appropriate interventions targeting these clinical risk factors, systematic suicide risk assessment and management of suicidal ideation and behaviours in HIV care.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "GZ Rukundo", - "E Kinyanda", - "B Mishara" - ], - "doi": "10.2989/16085906.2016.1182035", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "5X7YZUWI", - "title": "A life of fear: Sex workers and the threat of HIV in Uganda", - "abstract": "Schoemaker J, Twikirize J. A life of fear: sex workers and the threat of HIV in UgandaThe way individuals perceive their risk to certain threats influences their adoption of preventive behaviour. This study explored sex workers' perception of risk of HIV infection within the context of other serious threats. The study was carried out in Kampala, Uganda, using peer ethnography. Sex workers were well aware of their risk of HIV infection but this risk was eclipsed by other more immediate and frightening threats. Sex workers' willingness to gamble with HIV is explained by the fact that their existence is already very dangerous, and taking risks is an inherent part of their trade. Decriminalising sex work could make their lives somewhat safer, motivating them to better protect themselves, but this is unlikely to happen in Uganda. Attempting to enforce some coercive control mechanisms would not work, given the pervasive corruption in law enforcement and the judiciary, the institutions that would be responsible for implementing such control.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Schoemaker", - "J Twikirize" - ], - "doi": "10.1111/j.1468-2397.2010.00770.x", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "4FGQDQDB", - "title": "Pregnant women's experiences of routine counselling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study", - "abstract": "Background: Routine HIV counselling and testing as part of antenatal care has been institutionalized in Uganda as an entry point for pregnant women into the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme. Understanding how women experience this mode of HIV testing is important to generate ideas on how to strengthen the PMTCT programme. We explored pregnant HIV positive and negative women's experiences of routine counselling and testing in Mbale District, Eastern Uganda and formulated suggestions for improving service delivery.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda between January and May 2010. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 30 pregnant women (15 HIV positive and 15 HIV negative) attending an antenatal clinic, six key informant interviews with health workers providing antenatal care and observations. Data were analyzed using a content thematic approach.Results: Prior to attending their current ANC visit, most women knew that the hospital provided HIV counselling and testing services as part of antenatal care (ANC). HIV testing was perceived as compulsory for all women attending ANC at the hospital but beneficial, for mothers, especially those who test HIV positive and their unborn babies. Most HIV positive women were satisfied with the immediate counselling they received from health workers, but identified the need to provide follow up counselling and support after the test, as areas for improvement. However, most HIV negative women mentioned that they were given inadequate attention during post-test counselling. This left them with unanswered questions and, for some, doubts about the negative test results.Conclusions: In this setting, routine HIV counselling and testing services are known and acceptable to mothers. There is need to strengthen post-test and follow up counselling for both HIV positive and negative women in order to maximize opportunities for primary and post exposure HIV prevention. Partnerships and linkages with people living with HIV, especially those in existing support groups such as those at The AIDS Support Organization (TASO), may help to strengthen counselling and support for pregnant women. For effective HIV prevention, women who test HIV negative should be supported to remain negative.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "J Rujumba", - "S Neema", - "JK Tumwine", - "T Tylleskar", - "HK Heggenhougen" - ], - "doi": "10.1186/1472-6963-13-189", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "2TCEH9T7", - "title": "Practice and prospects of indigenous homestead based approaches to prevention of malaria; a case study of a high malaria transmission area in Uganda", - "abstract": "Environmental sanitation and indigenous practices based on homestead characteristics have not been emphasized in national malaria control strategies. This study explored homestead characteristics, housing attributes, indigenous practices and knowledge of malaria in a rural high malaria transmission community in Uganda. Structured interviews and direct observations of housing attribute and homestead characteristics were carried out in 100 randomly selected homesteads in Kaliro District, Uganda. Plants believed to be mosquito repellants were observed in a number of homesteads and most respondents correctly described malaria symptoms. Almost all homesteads (99%) had large crops grown around them and were close to kraals (within 50 m, 88%). A number of homesteads were in easy reach of un-protected water springs (49%), 32% had material that could harbour mosquitoes (e.g. tins or ditches). The community had good knowledge of malaria and its prevention. Homesteads had modifications aimed at reducing malaria transmission. Despite this knowledge, the environment of most homesteads was conducive for the survival and faster multiplication of malaria vectors and this collaborates with the high prevalence of malaria found in the study area. There is need to develop and pilot interventions focusing on modifications of homestead characteristics and housing attributes for sustainable control of malaria.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "PJ Waako", - "RN Nsubuga", - "P Sebulime", - "JRS Tabuti" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "MXLKGQAE", - "title": "Effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving cleaning behaviour of shared sanitation users in Kampala, Uganda slums", - "abstract": "Rationale and objective: Access to and use of hygienic shared sanitation facilities is fundamental in reducing the high risk of diseases such as diarrhoea and respiratory infections. We evaluated the effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving the cleaning behaviour of shared sanitation users in three urban slums in Kampala, Uganda. The study follows the risk, attitudes, norms, abilities and self-regulation (RANAS) model of behaviour change and some factors of the social dilemma theory.Methods: A pre-versus post-intervention survey was conducted in three slums of Kampala, Uganda, between December 2012 and September 2013. From the pre-intervention findings, users of dirty sanitation facilities were randomly assigned to discussions, discussions + commitment and control interventions. The interventions were implemented for 3 months with the aim of improving cleaning behaviour. This paper provides an analysis of 119 respondents who belonged to the intervention discussion-only (n = 38), discussions + commitment (n = 41) and the control (no intervention, n = 40) groups.Results: Compared to the control, discussions and discussions + commitment significantly improved shared toilet users' cleaning behaviour. The rate of improvement was observed through behavioural determinants such as cleaning obligation, cleaning ease, cleaning approval and affective beliefs.Conclusion: Our study findings show that group discussions and commitment interventions derived from RANAS model of behaviour change are effective in improving the shared sanitation users' cleaning behaviour. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "IK Tumwebaze", - "HJ Mosler" - ], - "doi": "10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.059", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "6QCU2PSS", - "title": "The diagnostic impact of limited, screening obstetric ultrasound when performed by midwives in rural Uganda", - "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic impact of limited obstetric ultrasound (US) in identifying high-risk pregnancies when used as a screening tool by midwives in rural Uganda.STUDY DESIGN: This was an institutional review board-approved prospective study of expecting mothers in rural Uganda who underwent clinical and US exams as part of their standard antenatal care visit in a local health center in the Isingiro district of Uganda. The midwives documented clinical impressions before performing a limited obstetric US on the same patient. The clinical findings were then compared with the subsequent US findings to determine the diagnostic impact. The midwives were US-naive before participating in the 6-week training course for limited obstetric US.RESULT: Midwife-performed screening obstetric US altered the clinical diagnosis in up to 12% clinical encounters. This diagnostic impact is less (6.7 to 7.4%) if the early third trimester diagnosis of malpresentation is excluded. The quality assurance review of midwives' imaging demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosing gestational number, and 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity in the diagnosis of fetal presentation.CONCLUSION: Limited, screening obstetric US performed by midwives with focused, obstetric US training demonstrates the diagnostic impact for identifying conditions associated with high-risk pregnancies in 6.7 to 12% of patients screened. The limited obstetric US improved diagnosis of early pregnancy complication as well as later gestation twins and malpresentation. Midwives who have undergone focused 6-week limited obstetric US training proved capable of diagnosing twins and fetal presentation with high sensitivity and specificity.", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "JO Swanson", - "MG Kawooya", - "DL Swanson", - "DS Hippe", - "P Dungu-Matovu", - "R Nathan" - ], - "doi": "10.1038/jp.2014.54", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "" - }, - { - "key": "AV6UTUMW", - "title": "Dengue", - "abstract": "La dengue est une maladie susceptible d`etre confondue a ses debuts au paludisme. C`est une maladie virale d`evolution parfois grave. Elle est transmise par un moustique vivant dans les zones urbaines des pays tropicaux (1).", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.remed.org/LDC_Mars_2010.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "5R4UPGFC", - "title": "Les contraceptifs oraux", - "abstract": "Les contraceptifs (alias anticonceptionnels) sont des moyens qui empechent la fecondation; ou plus generalement la grossesse. Les raisons de recourir a une contraception sont variees; et les contraceptifs estroprogestatifs oraux font partie des moyens de contraception les plus efficaces pour les femmes (1 a 3). Quelles associations estroprogestatives retenir en priorite ?", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.remed.org/LDC_Mars_2010.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "U64JA4MK", - "title": "Behaviour change and motivational interviewing in the patient with diabetes", - "abstract": "Motivational Interviewing (MI) is designed to motivate people to change by helping them to recognise and resolve the difference between a behaviour problem and personal goals and values. There are several challenges of health behaviour change in MI; as well as traps that the health care provider and patient can easily fall into. During the MI approach; a patient should be guided through the change model; providing him the chance to participate. There are several general principles in the MI approach as well as different interaction techniques. The efficacy of MI has been widely published in the literature", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "M Young" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/biblio-1263739" - }, - { - "key": "57YZMTMW", - "title": "Traitement de l`erysipele de jambe", - "abstract": "La prise en charge d`un erysipele de jambe est a adapter en fonction de la severite de l`atteinte cutanee; du retentissement de l`infection sur l`etat general; et des antecedents du patient. L`antibiotherapie reduit la mortalite; les complications; la duree de l`infection et les douleurs de l`erysipele", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.remed.org/LDC_Mars_2010.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "EBBX46NC", - "title": "A Model for Higher Education Campus Health Services", - "abstract": "This study was undertaken in order to develop a holistic healthcare model that would assist registered nurses who are employed at a higher education campus' health service to render a healthcare service relevant to the healthcare needs of the campus healthcare consumers. A theory-generative; qualitative; explorative; descriptive and contextual research design for theory generation was used to develop a holistic healthcare model for a higher education campus' health service. It became evident throughout the study that the participants experienced a need for a more comprehensive healthcare service on campus. The main concepts of holistic healthcare were identified from the information obtained from the in-depth; focus group interviews that were conducted with the participants. The process of theoretical model generation was conducted according to the steps of theory generation as proposed by Walker and Avant (1995:39); namely that of concept analysis; the placing of concepts in relationships; a description of the model and guidelines to operationalise the model. This model provides a structured holistic healthcare frame of reference for registered nurses employed in a campus health service at a Higher Education Institution (HEI) and could be used to assist all campus healthcare consumers to become balanced whole persons who are able to realise their dreams and maintain consistency with regard to optimal health and capacity", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "E. J Ricks", - "D. Van Rooyen", - "J Strumpher" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.hsag.co.za/index.php/HSAG/article/view/508/503" - }, - { - "key": "Q9NUK3KE", - "title": "Tumeur de Pancoast-Tobias : a propos d'un cas", - "abstract": "La tumeur de Pancoast-Tobias est rare. Les auteurs rapportent un cas chez un homme de 50 ans presentant une tumefaction cervicale et thoracique droite associee a une douleur de l'epaule droite; une nevralgie du membre superieur droit et un syndrome de Claude Bernard Horner evoquant le syndrome de Pancoast-Tobias. La radiographie et le scanner thoraciques confirmaient le diagnostic d'une tumeur apicale droite. Une exerese large etait pratiquee suivie d'une chimiotherapie. Aucune recidive n'etait observee apres un recul de deux ans. Les particularites de cette pathologie rare sont discutees a travers une revue de la litterature", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "A. J. C Rakotoarisoa", - "A. A Rakotovao", - "V. H Randriambololona", - "N. N. M Razafimanjato" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://revuetropicale-chirurgie.ifrance.com/vol4num12010/pancoast.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "X367LSGE", - "title": "Toxicite grave des locaux aux chez un nourrisson de 16 mois", - "abstract": "L'anesthesie caudale trouve actuellement sa place dans les interventions chirurgicales pediatriques en raison de ses avantages par rapport a l'anesthesie generale. Pourtant; ce type d'anesthesie peut etre egalement a l'origine d'une toxicite grave qui met en jeu le pronostic vital des enfants. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de toxicite grave du au surdosage d'un melange de lidocaine et de bupivacaine chez un nourrisson de 16 mois. Les caracteristiques cliniques de cette toxicite; ses etiologies et sa prise en charge seront discutees par rapport a la litterature", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "S. T Rakotoarivony", - "H. M Rakotonirina", - "J. A. C Ramorasata", - "J. M Randriamiarana", - "N. E Raveloson", - "F Sztark" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.rarmu.com/publications/2(2)/full_text/2(2)_12-15.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "85JRL7DR", - "title": "The Full Blood Count and Blood film (Haemogram)", - "abstract": "\"Wherever we are in the world there never seems to be enough money for healthcare provision. So the key is to make what resources we have go as far as possible. Any laboratory test that we request should always be preceded by the questions \"\"Why are we making the request; what are the possible results and what decisions might those results lead us to make?\"\" Then we should ask \"\"Have we gained all possible information from that test? A simple examination of the blood (with an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate / ESR) is probably the best example of this approach. It may appear very limited but a great deal of information can be obtained about systemic disease. Most hospitals and health centres have the facilities for these tests. The commoner blood count and blood film abnormalities can be considered under the headings of chronic disorders; infections and diseases of the various systems. (Primary haematological diseases are excluded from the present discussion).\"", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "T Tibbutt" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/assets/files/Journals/vol_4_iss_3_aug_11/SSMJ_4_3.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "NXC82FPI", - "title": "Le traitement de la goutte", - "abstract": "La goutte est une arthrite aigue recidivante ou chronique des articulations peripheriques provoquee par le depot a l'interieur et au voisinage des articulations et des tendons de cristaux d'urate monosodique. La goutte touche environ 1des hommes dans les pays developpes; avec un sex-ratio de 7 a 9 hommes pour 1 femme. Le pic d'incidence maximale se situe chez l'homme entre 50 et 60 ans. Chez la femme; la goutte est rare avant la menopause. Apres la menopause; il s'agit souvent d'une goutte liee a une hyperuricemie secondaire", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.repere-medical.com/article-344.html" - }, - { - "key": "Q64CHUS8", - "title": "Review Diagnosis; Aetiology; and Severity in Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia", - "abstract": "N/A", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "D Wootton" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.africanjournalofrespiratorymedicine.com/articles/march_2010/AJRM%20MARCH%20pp%205-7.pdfhttp://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/iah/fulltext/AJRM/vol 5 n 2/Review diagnosis.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "8USRZUNE", - "title": "Nosocomial infections and the challenges of control in developing countries", - "abstract": "Nosocomial infection is a recognized public health problem world-wide with a prevalence rate of 3.0-20.7and an incidence rate of 5-10. It has become increasingly obvious that infections acquired in the hospital lead to increased morbidity and mortality which has added noticeably to economic burden. However; after about three decades of nosocomial infection surveillance and control world-wide; it still remains an important problem for hospitals today. Studies have shown that most hospitals in developing countries especially Africa; have no effective infection control programme due to lack of awareness of the problem; lack of personnel; poor water supply; erratic electricity supply; ineffective antibiotic policies with emergence of multiply antibiotic resistant microbes; poor laboratory backup; poor funding and non-adherence to safe practices by health workers. It is recommended that the cost of hospital infection control programme should be included in the health budget of the country and fund allocated for the infection control committee for routine control purposes and to bear the cost of outbreaks. There is need for adequate staffing and continuous education of staff on the principles of infection control; especially hand washing which is the single most important effective measure to reduce the risks of cross infection", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "S. O Samuel", - "O. O Kayode", - "O. I Musa", - "G. C Nwigwe", - "O. A Aboderin", - "T. A. T Salami", - "S. S Taiwo" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/biblio-1256053" - }, - { - "key": "6L9U8NCH", - "title": "Coping with Cholera: the Importance of Coordinated Planning", - "abstract": "Cholera epidemics in Zimbabwe; Haiti; and Nigeria have grabbed worldwide headlines in the last couple of years as beleagured health agencies battled to contain a rising tide of patients. Is this resurgence a pathological issue; or simply the consequence of poor public health provision? Superficially there should be little excuse for the epidemics of the size we have witnessed recently (more than 1500 died in the outbreak in Nigeria in 2010); cholera is not a mystery illness; and measures to contain an outbreak are known. But the logistics can be daunting and if health systems are weak; they can quickly become overwhelmed. Can one prepare? Of course. and in fact it is a must. As with all infectious diseases; lessons from one campaign will educate and illuminate actions for another. Hospitals and communities should be undertaking regular risk assessments; and providing quality training and resources to enable swift and decisive action the moment a problem is identified. Until the 1980s most outbreaks were managed at the local level using the best available common sense. Apart from in the most densely populated areas; this was largely successful. Slowly; public health experts started comparing notes and the compilation of guidelines for the control of cholera outbreaks started to emerge with epidemiologists from WHO helping to `join up the dots' between experiences in different continents and countries", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "http://www.africa-health.com/articles/january_2011/Cholera.pdf" - }, - { - "key": "5ZGXH5IX", - "title": "Prevalence and Analysis of Factors Related to Occurrence of Pulp Stone in Adult Restorative Patients", - "abstract": "Background: Pulp stone; though of an unclear aetiology; is clinically common. It potentially poses procedural difficulty to the endodontist and may also be a marker of an underlying systemic condition. Objectives: The study investigated pulp stone occurrence in adult restorative patients. It also highlighted the relationship between pulp stone and pristine posterior teeth; chronic periodontitis and posterior teeth with abrasion; as well as the effect of age and gender on pulp stone occurrence. Method: Three hundred subjects; aged 18-60 years participated in the cross sectional study. Pristine teeth; teeth with chronic periodontitis and those with abrasion were recruited. Result: Pulp stone was seen more often in the 41-50 years age band; in molars and in teeth with chronic periodontitis but less often in teeth with abrasion. In addition; coronal and free form of pulp stone were more popular. Conclusion: It is recommended that researchers should pay special care in case selections; and during biomechanical coronal instrumentation", - "full_text": "", - "authors": [ - "C. I Udoye", - "M. A Sede" - ], - "doi": "", - "year": null, - "item_type": "journalArticle", - "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507086/http://amhsr.org/Articles/Udoye et al(2).pdf" - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs.py b/docs.py deleted file mode 100644 index af56188b4baf19d9d597ff46c765812d5fd6b979..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/docs.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -description = """ -Welcome to the Acres AI RAG API documentation. - -### RAG Tasks -- Use the `/process_zotero_library_items`: Process zotero library items with your zotero credentials. -- Use the `/get_study_info`: Get number of documents in a zotero study. -- Use the `/study_variables`: Get research summary from the study provided the study variables. -- Use the `/download_csv`: Export the markdown text to a csv file. -""" - -tags_metadata = [ - {"name": "ACRES RAG", "description": "AI RAG Application"}, -] diff --git a/infra/ecs_config.template b/infra/ecs_config.template deleted file mode 100644 index 118181f249b803d1bafa68e6b36ebd325edc59cf..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/infra/ecs_config.template +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -[deploy] -bucket = 'dev-acres-gradio-bucket' -region = 'us-east-1' -stack_name = 'AcresRag' - -[parameters] -ContainerImageGradio = '224427659xxxx.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gradio-app-prod:latest' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/infra/ecs_fargate.yml b/infra/ecs_fargate.yml deleted file mode 100644 index cf7abea5cb79c8d3aa17a6f1e9d96166e6d14fce..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/infra/ecs_fargate.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,581 +0,0 @@ -AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09' -Description: Deploy Gradio and FastAPI services on AWS ECS Fargate - -Parameters: - Environment: - Type: String - Default: dev - AllowedValues: [dev, prod] - - # VPC Configuration - VpcCIDR: - Type: String - Default: 10.0.0.0/16 - PublicSubnet1CIDR: - Type: String - Default: 10.0.1.0/24 - PublicSubnet2CIDR: - Type: String - Default: 10.0.2.0/24 - - # ECS Configuration - ECSClusterName: - Type: String - Default: rag-ecs-cluster - GradioTaskDefinitionCPU: - Type: Number - Default: 512 - GradioTaskDefinitionMemory: - Type: Number - Default: 1024 - FastAPITaskDefinitionCPU: - Type: Number - Default: 256 - FastAPITaskDefinitionMemory: - Type: Number - Default: 512 - - # Container Images - ContainerImageGradio: - Type: String - Description: URI of the Gradio container image in ECR - ContainerImageFastAPI: - Type: String - Description: URI of the FastAPI container image in ECR - # CertificateArn: - # Type: String - -Resources: - # VPC and Networking - VPC: - Type: AWS::EC2::VPC - Properties: - CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCIDR - EnableDnsHostnames: true - EnableDnsSupport: true - Tags: - - Key: Name - Value: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-vpc - - InternetGateway: - Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway - Properties: - Tags: - - Key: Name - Value: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-igw - - AttachGateway: - Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment - Properties: - VpcId: !Ref VPC - InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway - - PublicSubnet1: - Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet - Properties: - VpcId: !Ref VPC - AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs ''] - CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnet1CIDR - MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true - Tags: - - Key: Name - Value: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-public-subnet-1 - - PublicSubnet2: - Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet - Properties: - VpcId: !Ref VPC - AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs ''] - CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnet2CIDR - MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true - Tags: - - Key: Name - Value: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-public-subnet-2 - - PublicRouteTable: - Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable - Properties: - VpcId: !Ref VPC - Tags: - - Key: Name - Value: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-public-rt - - PublicRoute: - Type: AWS::EC2::Route - DependsOn: AttachGateway - Properties: - RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable - DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0 - GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway - - PublicSubnet1RouteTableAssociation: - Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation - Properties: - SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet1 - RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable - - PublicSubnet2RouteTableAssociation: - Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation - Properties: - SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2 - RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable - - # Security Groups - GradioSecurityGroup: - Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup - Properties: - GroupDescription: Security group for Gradio service - VpcId: !Ref VPC - SecurityGroupIngress: - - IpProtocol: tcp - FromPort: 7860 - ToPort: 7860 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - Description: INTERNET HTTPS - - IpProtocol: tcp - FromPort: 80 - ToPort: 80 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - Description: INTERNET HTTP - SecurityGroupEgress: - - IpProtocol: -1 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - - FastAPISecurityGroup: - Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup - Properties: - GroupDescription: Security group for FastAPI service - VpcId: !Ref VPC - SecurityGroupIngress: - - IpProtocol: tcp - FromPort: 8000 - ToPort: 8000 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - Description: INTERNET HTTPS - - IpProtocol: tcp - FromPort: 80 - ToPort: 80 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - Description: INTERNET HTTP - SecurityGroupEgress: - - IpProtocol: -1 - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 - - - # IAM Roles and Policies - # Gradio Execution Role - for pulling images and logging - GradioTaskExecutionRole: - Type: AWS::IAM::Role - Properties: - AssumeRolePolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Principal: - Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com - Action: sts:AssumeRole - ManagedPolicyArns: - - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy - Policies: - - PolicyName: GradioExecutionPolicy - PolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - ecr:GetAuthorizationToken - - ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability - - ecr:GetDownloadUrlForLayer - - ecr:BatchGetImage - Resource: '*' - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - logs:CreateLogStream - - logs:PutLogEvents - Resource: - - !Sub arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:/ecs/${Environment}-acres-gradio:* - - !Sub arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:/ecs/${Environment}-acres-gradio:log-stream:* - - # Gradio Task Role - for runtime permissions - GradioTaskRole: - Type: AWS::IAM::Role - Properties: - AssumeRolePolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Principal: - Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com - Action: sts:AssumeRole - Policies: - - PolicyName: GradioTaskPolicy - PolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - # Add specific permissions needed by your Gradio application at runtime - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - s3:GetObject - - s3:PutObject - Resource: !Sub arn:aws:s3:::${Environment}-acres-gradio-bucket/* - - # FastAPI Execution Role - for pulling images and logging - FastAPITaskExecutionRole: - Type: AWS::IAM::Role - Properties: - AssumeRolePolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Principal: - Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com - Action: sts:AssumeRole - ManagedPolicyArns: - - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy - Policies: - - PolicyName: FastAPIExecutionPolicy - PolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - ecr:GetAuthorizationToken - - ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability - - ecr:GetDownloadUrlForLayer - - ecr:BatchGetImage - Resource: '*' - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - logs:CreateLogStream - - logs:PutLogEvents - Resource: - - !Sub arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:/ecs/${Environment}-acres-fastapi:* - - !Sub arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:/ecs/${Environment}-acres-fastapi:log-stream:* - - # FastAPI Task Role - for runtime permissions - FastAPITaskRole: - Type: AWS::IAM::Role - Properties: - AssumeRolePolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - - Effect: Allow - Principal: - Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com - Action: sts:AssumeRole - Policies: - - PolicyName: FastAPITaskPolicy - PolicyDocument: - Version: '2012-10-17' - Statement: - # Add specific permissions needed by your FastAPI application at runtime - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - dynamodb:GetItem - - dynamodb:PutItem - - dynamodb:Query - Resource: !Sub arn:aws:dynamodb:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:table/${Environment}-acres-fastapi-table - # Allow FastAPI to make HTTP calls to Gradio service - - Effect: Allow - Action: - - execute-api:Invoke - Resource: !Sub arn:aws:execute-api:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:* - - # ECS Cluster - ECSCluster: - Type: AWS::ECS::Cluster - Properties: - ClusterName: !Ref ECSClusterName - Tags: - - Key: Environment - Value: !Ref Environment - - # Load Balancer for Gradio - GradioALB: - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer - Properties: - Name: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-gradio-alb - Scheme: internet-facing - LoadBalancerAttributes: - - Key: idle_timeout.timeout_seconds - Value: '60' - Subnets: - - !Ref PublicSubnet1 - - !Ref PublicSubnet2 - SecurityGroups: - - !Ref GradioSecurityGroup - - GradioTargetGroup: - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup - Properties: - HealthCheckEnabled: true - HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 30 - HealthCheckPath: / - HealthCheckPort: 7860 - HealthCheckTimeoutSeconds: 20 - HealthyThresholdCount: 2 - Name: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-gradio-tg - Port: 7860 - Protocol: HTTP - TargetType: ip - UnhealthyThresholdCount: 5 - VpcId: !Ref VPC - TargetGroupAttributes: - - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds - Value: '30' - - GradioHTTPSListener: - # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-elasticloadbalancingv2-listener.html - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener - Properties: - DefaultActions: - - Type: forward - TargetGroupArn: !Ref GradioTargetGroup - LoadBalancerArn: !Ref GradioALB - # Certificates: - # - CertificateArn: !Ref CertificateArn - Port: 7860 - Protocol: HTTP - # GradioHTTPListener: - # # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-elasticloadbalancingv2-listener.html - # Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener - # Properties: - # Protocol: HTTP - # Port: 80 - # LoadBalancerArn: !Ref GradioALB - # DefaultActions: - # - Type: redirect - # RedirectConfig: - # Protocol: "HTTPS" - # Port: 7860 - # Host: "#{host}" - # Path: "/#{path}" - # Query: "#{query}" - # StatusCode: "HTTP_301" - - # Load Balancer for FastAPI - FastAPIALB: - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer - Properties: - Name: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-fastapi-alb - Scheme: internet-facing - LoadBalancerAttributes: - - Key: idle_timeout.timeout_seconds - Value: '60' - Subnets: - - !Ref PublicSubnet1 - - !Ref PublicSubnet2 - SecurityGroups: - - !Ref FastAPISecurityGroup - - FastAPITargetGroup: - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup - Properties: - HealthCheckEnabled: true - HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 30 - HealthCheckPath: /docs # FastAPI's Swagger UI path - HealthCheckPort: 8000 - HealthCheckTimeoutSeconds: 20 - HealthyThresholdCount: 2 - Name: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-fastapi-tg - Port: 8000 - Protocol: HTTP - TargetType: ip - UnhealthyThresholdCount: 5 - VpcId: !Ref VPC - TargetGroupAttributes: - - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds - Value: '30' - - FastAPIHTTPSListener: - # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-elasticloadbalancingv2-listener.html - Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener - Properties: - DefaultActions: - - Type: forward - TargetGroupArn: !Ref FastAPITargetGroup - LoadBalancerArn: !Ref FastAPIALB - # Certificates: - # - CertificateArn: !Ref CertificateArn - Port: 8000 - Protocol: HTTP - # FastAPIHTTPListener: - # # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-elasticloadbalancingv2-listener.html - # Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener - # Properties: - # Protocol: HTTP - # Port: 80 - # LoadBalancerArn: !Ref FastAPIALB - # DefaultActions: - # - Type: redirect - # RedirectConfig: - # Protocol: "HTTPS" - # Port: 8000 - # Host: "#{host}" - # Path: "/#{path}" - # Query: "#{query}" - # StatusCode: "HTTP_301" - - # ECS Task Definitions - GradioTaskDefinition: - Type: AWS::ECS::TaskDefinition - Properties: - Family: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-gradio - RequiresCompatibilities: - - FARGATE - Cpu: !Ref GradioTaskDefinitionCPU - Memory: !Ref GradioTaskDefinitionMemory - NetworkMode: awsvpc - ExecutionRoleArn: !GetAtt GradioTaskExecutionRole.Arn - TaskRoleArn: !GetAtt GradioTaskRole.Arn - ContainerDefinitions: - - Name: gradio - Image: !Ref ContainerImageGradio - PortMappings: - - ContainerPort: 7860 - LogConfiguration: - LogDriver: awslogs - Options: - awslogs-group: !Ref GradioLogGroup - awslogs-region: !Ref AWS::Region - awslogs-stream-prefix: gradio - - FastAPITaskDefinition: - Type: AWS::ECS::TaskDefinition - Properties: - Family: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-fastapi - RequiresCompatibilities: - - FARGATE - Cpu: !Ref FastAPITaskDefinitionCPU - Memory: !Ref FastAPITaskDefinitionMemory - NetworkMode: awsvpc - ExecutionRoleArn: !GetAtt FastAPITaskExecutionRole.Arn - TaskRoleArn: !GetAtt FastAPITaskRole.Arn - ContainerDefinitions: - - Name: fastapi - Image: !Ref ContainerImageFastAPI - PortMappings: - - ContainerPort: 8000 - Environment: - - Name: GRADIO_URL - Value: !Sub http://${GradioALB.DNSName}:7860/ - LogConfiguration: - LogDriver: awslogs - Options: - awslogs-group: !Ref FastAPILogGroup - awslogs-region: !Ref AWS::Region - awslogs-stream-prefix: fastapi - - # CloudWatch Log Groups - GradioLogGroup: - Type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup - Properties: - LogGroupName: !Sub /ecs/${Environment}-acres-gradio - RetentionInDays: 30 - - FastAPILogGroup: - Type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup - Properties: - LogGroupName: !Sub /ecs/${Environment}-acres-fastapi - RetentionInDays: 30 - - - # ECS Services - GradioService: - Type: AWS::ECS::Service - DependsOn: - - GradioHTTPSListener - # - GradioHTTPListener - Properties: - ServiceName: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-gradio - Cluster: !Ref ECSCluster - TaskDefinition: !Ref GradioTaskDefinition - DesiredCount: 1 - LaunchType: FARGATE - HealthCheckGracePeriodSeconds: 180 - LoadBalancers: - - ContainerName: gradio - ContainerPort: 7860 - TargetGroupArn: !Ref GradioTargetGroup - NetworkConfiguration: - AwsvpcConfiguration: - AssignPublicIp: ENABLED - SecurityGroups: - - !Ref GradioSecurityGroup - Subnets: - - !Ref PublicSubnet1 - - !Ref PublicSubnet2 - DeploymentConfiguration: - DeploymentCircuitBreaker: - Enable: true - Rollback: true - MaximumPercent: 200 - MinimumHealthyPercent: 100 - - FastAPIService: - Type: AWS::ECS::Service - DependsOn: - - GradioService - - FastAPIHTTPSListener - # - FastAPIHTTPListener - Properties: - ServiceName: !Sub ${Environment}-acres-fastapi - Cluster: !Ref ECSCluster - TaskDefinition: !Ref FastAPITaskDefinition - DesiredCount: 1 - LaunchType: FARGATE - HealthCheckGracePeriodSeconds: 180 - LoadBalancers: - - ContainerName: fastapi - ContainerPort: 8000 - TargetGroupArn: !Ref FastAPITargetGroup - NetworkConfiguration: - AwsvpcConfiguration: - AssignPublicIp: ENABLED - SecurityGroups: - - !Ref FastAPISecurityGroup - Subnets: - - !Ref PublicSubnet1 - - !Ref PublicSubnet2 - DeploymentConfiguration: - DeploymentCircuitBreaker: - Enable: true - Rollback: true - MaximumPercent: 200 - MinimumHealthyPercent: 100 - # Add deployment controller for better rollout control - DeploymentController: - Type: ECS - -Outputs: - VpcId: - Description: VPC ID - Value: !Ref VPC - - PublicSubnet1: - Description: Public Subnet 1 - Value: !Ref PublicSubnet1 - - PublicSubnet2: - Description: Public Subnet 2 - Value: !Ref PublicSubnet2 - - GradioServiceUrl: - Description: URL for the Gradio service - Value: !Sub http://${GradioALB.DNSName}:7860/ - - ECSClusterName: - Description: Name of the ECS cluster - Value: !Ref ECSCluster - - GradioServiceName: - Description: Name of the Gradio service - Value: !GetAtt GradioService.Name - - FastAPIServiceName: - Description: Name of the FastAPI service - Value: !GetAtt FastAPIService.Name - - FastAPIServiceUrl: - Description: URL for the FastAPI service - Value: !Sub http://${FastAPIALB.DNSName}:8000/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/interface.py b/interface.py deleted file mode 100644 index cd2970c88f2ca55cdfcf950824346776b14efcf9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/interface.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -""" -Gradio interface module for ACRES RAG Platform. -Defines the UI components and layout. -""" - -# interface.py -import gradio as gr - - -def create_chat_interface() -> gr.Blocks: - """Create the chat interface component.""" - with gr.Blocks() as chat_interface: - with gr.Row(): - with gr.Column(scale=7): - chat_history = gr.Chatbot( - value=[], elem_id="chatbot", height=600, show_label=False - ) - with gr.Column(scale=3): - pdf_preview = gr.Image(label="Source Page", height=600) - - with gr.Row(): - with gr.Column(scale=8): - query_input = gr.Textbox( - show_label=False, - placeholder="Ask a question about your documents...", - container=False, - ) - with gr.Column(scale=2): - submit_btn = gr.Button("Send", variant="primary") - - with gr.Row(): - pdf_files = gr.File( - file_count="multiple", file_types=[".pdf"], label="Upload PDF Files" - ) - collection_name = gr.Textbox( - label="Collection Name", placeholder="Name this collection of PDFs..." - ) - - return ( - chat_interface, - chat_history, - pdf_preview, - query_input, - submit_btn, - pdf_files, - collection_name, - ) diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml deleted file mode 100644 index 648cf4b4aaf6b16c423afee1065060dedf1e7c6e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/pyproject.toml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -[tool.black] -include = '\.pyi?$' -exclude = ''' -/( - \.git - | \.hg - | \.mypy_cache - | \.tox - | \.venv - | env - |venv - | _build - | buck-out - | build - | dist - | migrations - |alembic -)/ -''' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rag/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc b/rag/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f597b18123803460343105c58cf4fa5932ee0cf0 Binary files /dev/null and b/rag/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc differ diff --git a/rag/__pycache__/rag_pipeline.cpython-311.pyc b/rag/__pycache__/rag_pipeline.cpython-311.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..376e86c82a5b077e897002e97518a40d779eadee Binary files /dev/null and b/rag/__pycache__/rag_pipeline.cpython-311.pyc differ diff --git a/rag/rag_pipeline.py b/rag/rag_pipeline.py index a6069e15c5dd15ca70f1c4e76416a47d0d01d323..981d0bcb4e5e4284b2387c38de527677e1a90d54 100644 --- a/rag/rag_pipeline.py +++ b/rag/rag_pipeline.py @@ -1,202 +1,91 @@ -# rag/rag_pipeline.py import json -import logging -import os -import re -from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple - -import chromadb -from dotenv import load_dotenv -from llama_index.core import Document, PromptTemplate, VectorStoreIndex -from llama_index.core.node_parser import SentenceSplitter, SentenceWindowNodeParser +from typing import Dict, Any +from llama_index.core import Document, VectorStoreIndex +from llama_index.core.node_parser import SentenceWindowNodeParser, SentenceSplitter +from llama_index.core import PromptTemplate +from typing import List from llama_index.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbedding from llama_index.llms.openai import OpenAI -from llama_index.vector_stores.chroma import ChromaVectorStore - -logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -load_dotenv() class RAGPipeline: - def __init__( - self, - study_json, - collection_name="study_files_rag_collection", - use_semantic_splitter=False, - ): + def __init__(self, study_json, use_semantic_splitter=False): self.study_json = study_json - self.collection_name = collection_name self.use_semantic_splitter = use_semantic_splitter self.documents = None - self.client = chromadb.Client() - self.collection = self.client.get_or_create_collection(self.collection_name) - self.embedding_model = OpenAIEmbedding( - model_name="text-embedding-ada-002", api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY") - ) - self.is_pdf = self._check_if_pdf_collection() + self.index = None self.load_documents() self.build_index() - def _check_if_pdf_collection(self) -> bool: - """Check if this is a PDF collection based on the JSON structure.""" - try: - with open(self.study_json, "r") as f: - data = json.load(f) - # Check first document for PDF-specific fields - if data and isinstance(data, list) and len(data) > 0: - return "pages" in data[0] and "source_file" in data[0] - return False - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error checking collection type: {str(e)}") - return False - - def extract_page_number_from_query(self, query: str) -> int: - """Extract page number from query text.""" - # Look for patterns like "page 3", "p3", "p. 3", etc. - patterns = [ - r"page\s*(\d+)", - r"p\.\s*(\d+)", - r"p\s*(\d+)", - r"pg\.\s*(\d+)", - r"pg\s*(\d+)", - ] - - for pattern in patterns: - match = re.search(pattern, query.lower()) - if match: - return int(match.group(1)) - return None - def load_documents(self): if self.documents is None: with open(self.study_json, "r") as f: self.data = json.load(f) self.documents = [] - if self.is_pdf: - # Handle PDF documents - for index, doc_data in enumerate(self.data): - pages = doc_data.get("pages", {}) - for page_num, page_content in pages.items(): - if isinstance(page_content, dict): - content = page_content.get("text", "") - else: - content = page_content - - doc_content = ( - f"Title: {doc_data['title']}\n" - f"Page {page_num} Content:\n{content}\n" - f"Authors: {', '.join(doc_data['authors'])}\n" - ) - - metadata = { - "title": doc_data.get("title"), - "authors": ", ".join(doc_data.get("authors", [])), - "year": doc_data.get("date"), - "source_file": doc_data.get("source_file"), - "page_number": int(page_num), - "total_pages": doc_data.get("page_count"), - } - self.documents.append( - Document( - text=doc_content, - id_=f"doc_{index}_page_{page_num}", - metadata=metadata, - ) - ) - else: - # Handle Zotero documents - for index, doc_data in enumerate(self.data): - doc_content = ( - f"Title: {doc_data.get('title', '')}\n" - f"Abstract: {doc_data.get('abstract', '')}\n" - f"Authors: {', '.join(doc_data.get('authors', []))}\n" - ) + for index, doc_data in enumerate(self.data): + doc_content = ( + f"Title: {doc_data['title']}\n" + f"Abstract: {doc_data['abstract']}\n" + f"Authors: {', '.join(doc_data['authors'])}\n" + ) - metadata = { - "title": doc_data.get("title"), - "authors": ", ".join(doc_data.get("authors", [])), - "year": doc_data.get("date"), - "doi": doc_data.get("doi"), - } + metadata = { + "title": doc_data.get("title"), + "authors": doc_data.get("authors", []), + "year": doc_data.get("year"), + "doi": doc_data.get("doi"), + } - self.documents.append( - Document( - text=doc_content, id_=f"doc_{index}", metadata=metadata - ) - ) + self.documents.append( + Document(text=doc_content, id_=f"doc_{index}", metadata=metadata) + ) def build_index(self): - sentence_splitter = SentenceSplitter(chunk_size=2048, chunk_overlap=20) + if self.index is None: + sentence_splitter = SentenceSplitter(chunk_size=2048, chunk_overlap=20) - def _split(text: str) -> List[str]: - return sentence_splitter.split_text(text) + def _split(text: str) -> List[str]: + return sentence_splitter.split_text(text) - node_parser = SentenceWindowNodeParser.from_defaults( - sentence_splitter=_split, - window_size=5, - window_metadata_key="window", - original_text_metadata_key="original_text", - ) - - # Parse documents into nodes for embedding - nodes = node_parser.get_nodes_from_documents(self.documents) + node_parser = SentenceWindowNodeParser.from_defaults( + sentence_splitter=_split, + window_size=5, + window_metadata_key="window", + original_text_metadata_key="original_text", + ) - # Initialize ChromaVectorStore with the existing collection - vector_store = ChromaVectorStore(chroma_collection=self.collection) - - # Create the VectorStoreIndex using the ChromaVectorStore - self.index = VectorStoreIndex( - nodes, vector_store=vector_store, embed_model=self.embedding_model - ) - + nodes = node_parser.get_nodes_from_documents(self.documents) + self.index = VectorStoreIndex( + nodes, embed_model=OpenAIEmbedding(model_name="text-embedding-3-large") + ) def query( self, context: str, prompt_template: PromptTemplate = None - ) -> Tuple[str, List[Any]]: + ) -> Dict[str, Any]: if prompt_template is None: prompt_template = PromptTemplate( - "Context information is below.\n" - "---------------------\n" - "{context_str}\n" - "---------------------\n" - "Given this information, please answer the question: {query_str}\n" - "Follow these guidelines for your response:\n" - "1. If the answer contains multiple pieces of information (e.g., author names, dates, statistics), " - "present it in a markdown table format.\n" - "2. For single piece information or simple answers, respond in a clear sentence.\n" - "3. Always cite sources using square brackets for EVERY piece of information, e.g. [1], [2], etc.\n" - "4. If the information spans multiple documents or pages, organize it by source.\n" - "5. If you're unsure about something, say so rather than making assumptions.\n" - "\nFormat tables like this:\n" - "| Field | Information | Source |\n" - "|-------|-------------|--------|\n" - "| Title | Example Title | [1] |\n" - ) - - # Extract page number for PDF documents - requested_page = ( - self.extract_page_number_from_query(context) if self.is_pdf else None - ) - + "Context information is below.\n" + "---------------------\n" + "{context_str}\n" + "---------------------\n" + "Given this information, please answer the question provided in the context. " + "Include all relevant information from the provided context. " + "If information comes from multiple sources, please mention all of them. " + "If the information is not available in the context, please state that clearly. " + "When quoting specific information, please use square brackets to indicate the source, e.g. [1], [2], etc." + ) + + # This is a hack to index all the documents in the store :) n_documents = len(self.index.docstore.docs) - print(f"n_documents: {n_documents}") query_engine = self.index.as_query_engine( text_qa_template=prompt_template, - similarity_top_k=n_documents if n_documents <= 17 else 15, + similarity_top_k=n_documents, response_mode="tree_summarize", - llm=OpenAI(model="gpt-4o-mini", api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")), + llm=OpenAI(model="gpt-4o-mini"), ) response = query_engine.query(context) - - # Debug logging - print(f"Response type: {type(response)}") - print(f"Has source_nodes: {hasattr(response, 'source_nodes')}") - if hasattr(response, 'source_nodes'): - print(f"Number of source nodes: {len(response.source_nodes)}") - - return response.response, getattr(response, 'source_nodes', []) \ No newline at end of file + + return response diff --git a/rag/rag_pipeline_backup.py b/rag/rag_pipeline_backup.py deleted file mode 100644 index f4db064cc7251a5a48c39445b03169d842ad52a9..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/rag/rag_pipeline_backup.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ -import json -from typing import Any, Dict, List - -from llama_index.core import Document, PromptTemplate, VectorStoreIndex -from llama_index.core.node_parser import SentenceSplitter, SentenceWindowNodeParser -from llama_index.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbedding -from llama_index.llms.openai import OpenAI - - -class RAGPipeline: - def __init__(self, study_json, use_semantic_splitter=False): - self.study_json = study_json - self.use_semantic_splitter = use_semantic_splitter - self.documents = None - self.index = None - self.load_documents() - self.build_index() - - def load_documents(self): - if self.documents is None: - with open(self.study_json, "r") as f: - self.data = json.load(f) - - self.documents = [] - - for index, doc_data in enumerate(self.data): - doc_content = ( - f"Title: {doc_data['title']}\n" - f"Abstract: {doc_data['abstract']}\n" - f"Authors: {', '.join(doc_data['authors'])}\n" - # f"full_text: {doc_data['full_text']}" - ) - - metadata = { - "title": doc_data.get("title"), - "authors": doc_data.get("authors", []), - "year": doc_data.get("date"), - "doi": doc_data.get("doi"), - } - - self.documents.append( - Document(text=doc_content, id_=f"doc_{index}", metadata=metadata) - ) - - def build_index(self): - if self.index is None: - sentence_splitter = SentenceSplitter(chunk_size=2048, chunk_overlap=20) - - def _split(text: str) -> List[str]: - return sentence_splitter.split_text(text) - - node_parser = SentenceWindowNodeParser.from_defaults( - sentence_splitter=_split, - window_size=5, - window_metadata_key="window", - original_text_metadata_key="original_text", - ) - - nodes = node_parser.get_nodes_from_documents(self.documents) - self.index = VectorStoreIndex( - nodes, embed_model=OpenAIEmbedding(model_name="text-embedding-3-large") - ) - - def query( - self, context: str, prompt_template: PromptTemplate = None - ) -> Dict[str, Any]: - if prompt_template is None: - prompt_template = PromptTemplate( - "Context information is below.\n" - "---------------------\n" - "{context_str}\n" - "---------------------\n" - "Given this information, please answer the question: {query_str}\n" - "Provide an answer to the question using evidence from the context above. " - "Cite sources using square brackets for EVERY piece of information, e.g. [1], [2], etc. " - "Even if there's only one source, still include the citation. " - "If you're unsure about a source, use [?]. " - "Ensure that EVERY statement from the context is properly cited." - ) - - # This is a hack to index all the documents in the store :) - n_documents = len(self.index.docstore.docs) - print(f"n_documents: {n_documents}") - query_engine = self.index.as_query_engine( - text_qa_template=prompt_template, - similarity_top_k=n_documents if n_documents <= 17 else 15, - response_mode="tree_summarize", - llm=OpenAI(model="gpt-4o-mini"), - ) - - response = query_engine.query(context) - - return response diff --git a/requirements-dev.txt b/requirements-dev.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 970e5bc57df03a512b5416b5b34e9dcd07cdf74f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/requirements-dev.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -black==24.10.0 -isort==5.13.2 -flake8==7.1.1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 43bddc28137556b872279a8699360004bc104039..003b32a6af8c9006cbc7e432ce7d8da18805e18b 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -1,25 +1,6 @@ -# Core dependencies -chromadb==0.5.20 -fastapi==0.115.5 -gradio==5.6.0 -gradio_client==1.4.3 -nest-asyncio==1.6.0 -openai==1.57.0 -pandas==2.2.3 -pydantic==2.9.2 -python-dotenv -pyzotero -python-slugify -PyMuPDF==1.23.8 -Pillow==10.2.0 -sqlmodel==0.0.22 -cachetools - -# LlamaIndex ecosystem (pinned to compatible versions) -llama-index-core -docling -llama-index-readers-docling -llama-index-vector-stores-chroma -llama-index-node-parser-docling -llama-index-embeddings-openai -llama-index-llms-openai-like \ No newline at end of file +fastapi==0.112.2 +gradio +llama-index +openai +pandas +pydantic \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sample_queries.md b/sample_queries.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1bab2fbace98aa0f51dbc5bac3224a47454130fe..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/sample_queries.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -1. For each of the studies on vaccine coverage, could you create a table that lists the findings from the vaccine coverage studies, incorporating variables such as STUDYID, TITLE, DOIs, YEAR? - diff --git a/study_files.json b/study_files.json deleted file mode 100644 index dee1c44e4a10ff3b583ac0e545dfd6ab7f275d50..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/study_files.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{ - "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola-virus_zotero_items.json", - "GeneXpert": "data/genexpert_zotero_items.json", - "Vaccine coverage": "data/vaccine-coverage_zotero_items.json", - "Concept": "data/concept_zotero_items.json", - "Zotero Collection Pastan": "data/zotero-collection-pastan_zotero_items.json", - "pdf_thequickone": "data/thequickone_20250108_111913_documents.json", - "pdf_aforapples": "data/aforapples_20250108_113044_documents.json", - "pdf_bforbinance": "data/bforbinance_20250108_114459_documents.json", - "pdf_cforcongo": "data/cforcongo_20250108_115233_documents.json", - "pdf_hjhj": "data/hjhj_20250108_115714_documents.json", - "pdf_schooldropouts": "data/schooldropouts_20250108_140257_documents.json" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/utils/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc b/utils/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a2f4c57cdc0f487f5861ca66ba9bf916b948014 Binary files /dev/null and b/utils/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-311.pyc differ diff --git a/utils/__pycache__/prompts.cpython-311.pyc b/utils/__pycache__/prompts.cpython-311.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efb2e441939848a145929abd29711620ad11b9b0 Binary files /dev/null and b/utils/__pycache__/prompts.cpython-311.pyc differ diff --git a/utils/db.py b/utils/db.py deleted file mode 100644 index 57d28d615d768ca3ecf4a42206af699ac2777d33..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/utils/db.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 -oid sha256:e165937f30a52640195e2a6ee5a71bcf980f0037e901658ebf813d794332ca6c -size 5045 diff --git a/utils/helpers.py b/utils/helpers.py index 04e699459de5d1a5beba49bfa91e7a7f77e2214c..ffd65b0a18baaafbd10498245efc5747e351a86f 100644 --- a/utils/helpers.py +++ b/utils/helpers.py @@ -1,247 +1,42 @@ -# utils/helpers.py - -import json -import os -from typing import Any, Dict, List - -import chromadb -from chromadb.api.types import Document +from typing import Dict, Any from llama_index.core import Response -from rag.rag_pipeline import RAGPipeline -from utils.prompts import ( - StudyCharacteristics, - VaccineCoverageVariables, - structured_follow_up_prompt, -) - -# Initialize ChromaDB client -chromadb_client = chromadb.Client() - - -def read_study_files(file_path): - """ - Reads a JSON file and returns the parsed JSON data. - - Args: - file_path (str): The path to the JSON file to be read. - - Returns: - dict: The data from the JSON file as a Python dictionary. - - Raises: - FileNotFoundError: If the file is not found at the provided path. - json.JSONDecodeError: If the file contents are not valid JSON. - - Example: - Given a JSON file 'study_files.json' with content like: - { - "Vaccine Coverage": "data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json", - "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json", - "Gene Xpert": "data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json" - } - - Calling `read_json_file("study_files.json")` will return: - { - "Vaccine Coverage": "data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json", - "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json", - "Gene Xpert": "data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json" - } - """ - try: - with open(file_path, "r") as file: - data = json.load(file) - return data - except FileNotFoundError as e: - raise FileNotFoundError(f"The file at path {file_path} was not found.") from e - except json.JSONDecodeError as e: - raise ValueError( - f"The file at path {file_path} does not contain valid JSON." - ) from e - - -def append_to_study_files(file_path, new_key, new_value): - """ - Appends a new key-value entry to an existing JSON file. - - Args: - file_path (str): The path to the JSON file. - new_key (str): The new key to add to the JSON file. - new_value (any): The value associated with the new key (can be any valid JSON data type). - - Raises: - FileNotFoundError: If the file is not found at the provided path. - json.JSONDecodeError: If the file contents are not valid JSON. - IOError: If the file cannot be written. - - Example: - If the file 'study_files.json' initially contains: - { - "Vaccine Coverage": "data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json", - "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json" - } - Calling `append_to_json_file("study_files.json", "Gene Xpert", "data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json")` - will modify the file to: - { - "Vaccine Coverage": "data/vaccine_coverage_zotero_items.json", - "Ebola Virus": "data/ebola_virus_zotero_items.json", - "Gene Xpert": "data/gene_xpert_zotero_items.json" - } - """ - try: - # Read the existing data from the file - with open(file_path, "r") as file: - data = json.load(file) +def process_response(response: Response) -> Dict[str, Any]: + source_nodes = response.source_nodes + sources = {} + for i, node in enumerate(source_nodes, 1): + source = format_source(node.metadata) + if source not in sources.values(): + sources[i] = source - # Append the new key-value pair to the dictionary - data[new_key] = new_value + markdown_text = response.response + "\n\n### Sources\n\n" + raw_text = response.response + "\n\nSources:\n" - # Write the updated data back to the file - with open(file_path, "w") as file: - json.dump(data, file, indent=4) # indent for pretty printing + for i, source in sources.items(): + markdown_text += f"{i}. {source}\n" + raw_text += f"[{i}] {source}\n" - except FileNotFoundError as e: - raise FileNotFoundError(f"The file at path {file_path} was not found.") from e - except json.JSONDecodeError as e: - raise ValueError( - f"The file at path {file_path} does not contain valid JSON." - ) from e - except IOError as e: - raise IOError(f"Failed to write to the file at {file_path}.") from e + return {"markdown": markdown_text, "raw": raw_text, "sources": sources} -def generate_follow_up_questions( - rag: RAGPipeline, response: str, query: str, study_name: str -) -> List[str]: - """ - Generates follow-up questions based on the given RAGPipeline, response, query, and study_name. - Args: - rag (RAGPipeline): The RAGPipeline object used for generating follow-up questions. - response (str): The response to the initial query. - query (str): The initial query. - study_name (str): The name of the study. - Returns: - List[str]: A list of generated follow-up questions. - Raises: - None - """ +def format_source(metadata: Dict[str, Any]) -> str: + authors = metadata.get("authors", "Unknown Author") + year = metadata.get("year", "n.d.") + title = metadata.get("title", "Untitled") - # Determine the study type based on the study_name - if "Vaccine Coverage" in study_name: - study_type = "Vaccine Coverage" - key_variables = list(VaccineCoverageVariables.__annotations__.keys()) - elif "Ebola Virus" in study_name: - study_type = "Ebola Virus" - key_variables = [ - "SAMPLE_SIZE", - "PLASMA_TYPE", - "DOSAGE", - "FREQUENCY", - "SIDE_EFFECTS", - "VIRAL_LOAD_CHANGE", - "SURVIVAL_RATE", - ] - elif "Gene Xpert" in study_name: - study_type = "Gene Xpert" - key_variables = [ - "OBJECTIVE", - "OUTCOME_MEASURES", - "SENSITIVITY", - "SPECIFICITY", - "COST_COMPARISON", - "TURNAROUND_TIME", - ] + author_list = authors.split(",") + if len(author_list) > 2: + formatted_authors = f"{author_list[0].strip()} et al." + elif len(author_list) == 2: + formatted_authors = f"{author_list[0].strip()} and {author_list[1].strip()}" else: - study_type = "General" - key_variables = list(StudyCharacteristics.__annotations__.keys()) - - # Add key variables to the context - context = f"Study type: {study_type}\nKey variables to consider: {', '.join(key_variables)}\n\n{response}" - - follow_up_response = rag.query( - structured_follow_up_prompt.format( - context_str=context, - query_str=query, - response_str=response, - study_type=study_type, - ) - ) - - questions = follow_up_response.response.strip().split("\n") - cleaned_questions = [] - for q in questions: - # Remove leading numbers and periods, and strip whitespace - cleaned_q = q.split(". ", 1)[-1].strip() - # Ensure the question ends with a question mark - if cleaned_q and not cleaned_q.endswith("?"): - cleaned_q += "?" - if cleaned_q: - cleaned_questions.append(f"✨ {cleaned_q}") - return cleaned_questions[:3] - - -def add_study_files_to_chromadb(file_path: str, collection_name: str): - """ - Reads the study files data from a JSON file and adds it to the specified ChromaDB collection. - - :param file_path: Path to the JSON file containing study files data. - :param collection_name: Name of the ChromaDB collection to store the data. - """ - # Load study files data from JSON file - try: - with open(file_path, "r") as f: - study_files_data = json.load(f) - except FileNotFoundError: - print(f"File '{file_path}' not found.") - return - - if not study_files_data: - return - - # Get or create the collection in ChromaDB - collection = chromadb_client.get_or_create_collection(collection_name) - - # Prepare lists for ids, texts, and metadata to batch insert - ids = [] - documents = [] - metadatas = [] - - # Populate lists with data from the JSON file - for name, file_path in study_files_data.items(): - ids.append(name) # Document ID - documents.append("") # Optional text, can be left empty if not used - metadatas.append({"file_path": file_path}) # Metadata with file path - - # Add documents to the collection in batch - collection.add(ids=ids, documents=documents, metadatas=metadatas) - - print("All study files have been successfully added to ChromaDB.") - - -def create_directory(directory_path): - """ - Create a directory. - Does not raise an error if the directory already exists. - - Args: - directory_path (str): Path of the directory to create + formatted_authors = author_list[0].strip() - Returns: - bool: True if directory was created or already exists, False if creation failed - """ - try: - # Use exist_ok=True to prevent error if directory exists - os.makedirs(directory_path, exist_ok=True) - return True - except PermissionError: - print(f"Permission denied: Cannot create directory {directory_path}") - return False - except Exception as e: - print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}") - return False + year = "n.d." if year is None or year == "None" else str(year) + max_title_length = 250 + if len(title) > max_title_length: + title = title[:max_title_length] + "..." -if __name__ == "__main__": - # Usage example - add_study_files_to_chromadb("study_files.json", "study_files_collection") + return f"{formatted_authors} ({year}). {title}" diff --git a/utils/pdf_processor.py b/utils/pdf_processor.py deleted file mode 100644 index 10d221d3ec5832ee93dee9b77e0be437df1a0dac..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/utils/pdf_processor.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ -# utils/pdf_processor.py - -""" -PDF processing module for ACRES RAG Platform. -Handles PDF file processing, text extraction, and page rendering. -""" - -import datetime -import json -import logging -import os -import re -from typing import Dict, List, Optional -from llama_index.readers.docling import DoclingReader - - -import fitz -from PIL import Image -from slugify import slugify - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - - -reader = DoclingReader() - - -class PDFProcessor: - def __init__(self, upload_dir: str = "data/uploads"): - """Initialize PDFProcessor with upload directory.""" - self.upload_dir = upload_dir - os.makedirs(upload_dir, exist_ok=True) - self.current_page = 0 - - def is_references_page(self, text: str) -> bool: - """ - Check if the page appears to be a references/bibliography page. - """ - # Common section headers for references - ref_headers = [ - r"^references\s*$", - r"^bibliography\s*$", - r"^works cited\s*$", - r"^citations\s*$", - r"^cited literature\s*$", - ] - - # Check first few lines of the page - first_lines = text.lower().split("\n")[:3] - first_block = " ".join(first_lines) - - # Check for reference headers - for header in ref_headers: - if re.search(header, first_block, re.IGNORECASE): - return True - - # Check for reference-like patterns (e.g., [1] Author, et al.) - ref_patterns = [ - r"^\[\d+\]", # [1] style - r"^\d+\.", # 1. style - r"^[A-Z][a-z]+,\s+[A-Z]\.", # Author, I. style - ] - - ref_pattern_count = 0 - lines = text.split("\n")[:10] # Check first 10 lines - for line in lines: - line = line.strip() - if any(re.match(pattern, line) for pattern in ref_patterns): - ref_pattern_count += 1 - - # If multiple reference-like patterns are found, likely a references page - return ref_pattern_count >= 3 - - def detect_references_start(self, doc: fitz.Document) -> Optional[int]: - """ - Detect the page where references section starts. - Returns the page number or None if not found. - """ - for page_num in range(len(doc)): - page = doc[page_num] - text = page.get_text() - if self.is_references_page(text): - logger.info(f"Detected references section starting at page {page_num}") - return page_num - return None - - def process_pdfs(self, file_paths: List[str], collection_name: str) -> str: - """Process multiple PDF files and store their content.""" - processed_docs = [] - - for file_path in file_paths: - try: - doc_data = self.extract_text_from_pdf(file_path) - processed_docs.append(doc_data) - logger.info( - f"Successfully processed {file_path} ({doc_data['content_pages']} content pages)" - ) - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error processing {file_path}: {str(e)}") - continue - - if not processed_docs: - raise ValueError("No documents were successfully processed") - - # Save to JSON file - timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S") - output_filename = f"{slugify(collection_name)}_{timestamp}_documents.json" - output_path = os.path.join("data", output_filename) - - # Ensure the data directory exists - os.makedirs("data", exist_ok=True) - - with open(output_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: - json.dump(processed_docs, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) - - logger.info(f"Saved processed documents to {output_path}") - return output_path - - def extract_text_from_pdf(self, file_path: str) -> Dict: - """ - Extract text and metadata from a PDF file using DoclingReader. - Maintains accurate page numbers for source citation. - """ - try: - # Use DoclingReader for main content extraction - reader = DoclingReader() - documents = reader.load_data(file_path) - text = documents[0].text if documents else "" - - # Use PyMuPDF to get accurate page count - doc = fitz.open(file_path) - total_pages = len(doc) - - # Extract title from document - title = os.path.basename(file_path) - title_match = re.search(r'#+ (.+?)\n', text) - if title_match: - title = title_match.group(1).strip() - - # Extract abstract - abstract = "" - abstract_match = re.search(r'Abstract:?(.*?)(?=\n\n|Keywords:|$)', text, re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE) - if abstract_match: - abstract = abstract_match.group(1).strip() - - # Extract authors - authors = [] - author_section = re.search(r'\n(.*?)\n.*?Department', text) - if author_section: - author_text = author_section.group(1) - authors = [a.strip() for a in author_text.split(',') if a.strip()] - - # Remove references section - content = text - ref_patterns = [r'\nReferences\n', r'\nBibliography\n', r'\nWorks Cited\n'] - for pattern in ref_patterns: - split_text = re.split(pattern, content, flags=re.IGNORECASE) - if len(split_text) > 1: - content = split_text[0] - break - - # Map content to pages using PyMuPDF for accurate page numbers - pages = {} - for page_num in range(total_pages): - page = doc[page_num] - page_text = page.get_text() - - # Skip if this appears to be a references page - if self.is_references_page(page_text): - logger.info(f"Skipping references page {page_num}") - continue - - # Look for this page's content in the Docling-extracted text - # This is a heuristic approach - we look for unique phrases from the page - key_phrases = self._get_key_phrases(page_text) - page_content = self._find_matching_content(content, key_phrases) - - if page_content: - pages[str(page_num)] = { - 'text': page_content, - 'page_number': page_num + 1 # 1-based page numbers for human readability - } - - # Create structured document with page-aware content - document = { - "title": title, - "authors": authors, - "date": "", # Could be extracted if needed - "abstract": abstract, - "full_text": content, - "source_file": file_path, - "pages": pages, - "page_count": total_pages, - "content_pages": len(pages) # Number of non-reference pages - } - - doc.close() - return document - - except Exception as e: - logger.error(f"Error processing PDF {file_path}: {str(e)}") - raise - - def _get_key_phrases(self, text: str, phrase_length: int = 10) -> List[str]: - """Extract key phrases from text for matching.""" - words = text.split() - phrases = [] - for i in range(0, len(words), phrase_length): - phrase = ' '.join(words[i:i + phrase_length]) - if len(phrase.strip()) > 20: # Only use substantial phrases - phrases.append(phrase) - return phrases - - def _find_matching_content(self, docling_text: str, key_phrases: List[str]) -> Optional[str]: - """Find the corresponding content in Docling text using key phrases.""" - for phrase in key_phrases: - if phrase in docling_text: - # Find the paragraph or section containing this phrase - paragraphs = docling_text.split('\n\n') - for para in paragraphs: - if phrase in para: - return para - return None \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/utils/prompts.py b/utils/prompts.py index 46cff594869e5a42fed844401d17db12c9922db5..0ab116b677b992c05698f99bdf730ce82f83ee76 100644 --- a/utils/prompts.py +++ b/utils/prompts.py @@ -1,10 +1,7 @@ -# utils/prompts.py - -from typing import List, Optional - from llama_index.core import PromptTemplate -from llama_index.core.prompts import PromptTemplate +from typing import Optional, List from pydantic import BaseModel, Field +from llama_index.core.prompts import PromptTemplate class StudyCharacteristics(BaseModel): @@ -74,8 +71,18 @@ vaccine_coverage_prompt = PromptTemplate( ) sample_questions = { - "Vaccine coverage": [ + "Vaccine Coverage": [ "What are the vaccine coverage rates reported in the study?", + "What proportion of vaccines were administered within the recommended age range?", + "What is the immunisation uptake reported in the study?", + "What are the vaccine drop-out rates mentioned in the document?", + "What are the intentions to vaccinate reported in the study?", + "How is vaccine confidence described in the document?", + "What factors influencing vaccine hesitancy are identified in the study?", + "Are there any demographic differences in vaccine coverage or uptake?", + "What interventions, if any, were implemented to improve vaccine coverage?", + "How does the study address equity in vaccine distribution and access?", + "What is the geographical scope of the study (e.g., urban, rural, national)?", "Are there any reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI)?", "How does the study account for different vaccine types or schedules?", "Extract and present in a tabular format the following variables for each vaccine coverage study: STUDYID, AUTHOR, YEAR, TITLE, PUBLICATION_TYPE, STUDY_DESIGN, STUDY_AREA_REGION, STUDY_POPULATION, IMMUNISABLE_DISEASE_UNDER_STUDY, ROUTE_OF_VACCINE_ADMINISTRATION, DURATION_OF_STUDY, DURATION_IN_RELATION_TO_COVID19, VACCINE_COVERAGE_RATES, PROPORTION_ADMINISTERED_WITHIN_RECOMMENDED_AGE, IMMUNISATION_UPTAKE, VACCINE_DROP_OUT_RATES, INTENTIONS_TO_VACCINATE, VACCINE_CONFIDENCE, HESITANCY_FACTORS, DEMOGRAPHIC_DIFFERENCES, INTERVENTIONS, EQUITY_CONSIDERATIONS, GEOGRAPHICAL_SCOPE, AEFI, VACCINE_TYPES, and STUDY_COMMENTS.", @@ -83,21 +90,37 @@ sample_questions = { "Ebola Virus": [ "What is the sample size of the study?", "What is the type of plasma used in the study?", + "What is the dosage and frequency of administration of the plasma?", + "Are there any reported side effects?", + "What is the change in viral load after treatment?", + "How many survivors were there in the intervention group compared to the control group?", + "What was the study design (e.g., RCT, observational)?", + "What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants?", + "Were there any subgroup analyses performed?", + "What was the duration of follow-up?", + "Were there any reported long-term outcomes or sequelae?", + "How was the severity of Ebola virus disease assessed?", "What biosafety measures were implemented during the study?", "Were there any ethical considerations or challenges reported?", "Create a structured table for each Ebola virus study, including the following information: STUDYID, AUTHOR, YEAR, TITLE, PUBLICATION_TYPE, STUDY_DESIGN, STUDY_AREA_REGION, STUDY_POPULATION, SAMPLE_SIZE, PLASMA_TYPE, DOSAGE, FREQUENCY, SIDE_EFFECTS, VIRAL_LOAD_CHANGE, SURVIVAL_RATE, INCLUSION_CRITERIA, EXCLUSION_CRITERIA, SUBGROUP_ANALYSES, FOLLOW_UP_DURATION, LONG_TERM_OUTCOMES, DISEASE_SEVERITY_ASSESSMENT, BIOSAFETY_MEASURES, ETHICAL_CONSIDERATIONS, and STUDY_COMMENTS.", ], - "GeneXpert": [ + "Gene Xpert": [ "What is the main objective of the study?", "What is the study design?", "What disease condition is being studied?", + "What are the main outcome measures in the study?", + "What is the sensitivity and specificity of the Gene Xpert test?", + "How does the cost of the Gene Xpert testing strategy compare to other methods?", + "What is the turnaround time for Gene Xpert results compared to conventional methods?", + "Are there any reported challenges in implementing Gene Xpert in the study setting?", + "How does Gene Xpert performance vary across different sample types or patient populations?", + "What quality control measures were implemented in the study?", + "Were there any reported equipment failures or technical issues?", + "How does the study address the impact of Gene Xpert on patient outcomes or clinical decision-making?", + "What training or human resource requirements were reported for Gene Xpert implementation?", + "How does the study consider the scalability and sustainability of Gene Xpert use?", "Extract and present in a tabular format the following variables for each Gene Xpert study: STUDYID, AUTHOR, YEAR, TITLE, PUBLICATION_TYPE, STUDY_DESIGN, STUDY_AREA_REGION, STUDY_POPULATION, DISEASE_CONDITION, OBJECTIVE, OUTCOME_MEASURES, SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, COST_COMPARISON, TURNAROUND_TIME, IMPLEMENTATION_CHALLENGES, PERFORMANCE_VARIATIONS, QUALITY_CONTROL, EQUIPMENT_ISSUES, PATIENT_OUTCOME_IMPACT, TRAINING_REQUIREMENTS, SCALABILITY_CONSIDERATIONS, and STUDY_COMMENTS.", ], - "General": [ - "What is the main objective of the study?", - "What is the study design?", - "Extract and present in a tabular format the following variables for each study: STUDYID, AUTHOR, YEAR, TITLE, PUBLICATION_TYPE, STUDY_DESIGN, STUDY_AREA_REGION, STUDY_POPULATION, OBJECTIVE, and STUDY_COMMENTS.", - ], } @@ -119,25 +142,5 @@ evidence_based_prompt = PromptTemplate( "---------------------\n" "Given this information, please answer the question: {query_str}\n" "Provide an answer to the question using evidence from the context above. " - "Cite sources using square brackets for EVERY piece of information, e.g. [1], [2], etc. " - "Even if there's only one source, still include the citation. " - "If you're unsure about a source, use [?]. " - "Ensure that EVERY statement from the context is properly cited." -) - - -structured_follow_up_prompt = PromptTemplate( - "Context information is below.\n" - "---------------------\n" - "{context_str}\n" - "---------------------\n" - "Original question: {query_str}\n" - "Response: {response_str}\n" - "Study type: {study_type}\n" - "Based on the above information and the study type, generate 3 follow-up questions that help extract key variables or information from the study. " - "Focus on the following aspects:\n" - "1. Any missing key variables that are typically reported in this type of study.\n" - "2. Clarification on methodology or results that might affect the interpretation of the study.\n" - "3. Potential implications or applications of the study findings.\n" - "Ensure each question is specific, relevant to the study type, and ends with a question mark." + "Cite sources using square brackets." ) diff --git a/utils/zotero_manager.py b/utils/zotero_manager.py deleted file mode 100644 index e0c3d3a4e6d7f9070b914c256bd8d4998b29aecc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/utils/zotero_manager.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,646 +0,0 @@ -# utils/zotero_manager.py - -import json -import os -from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional - -from dotenv import load_dotenv -from pydantic import BaseModel, Field -from pyzotero import zotero -from slugify import slugify - -load_dotenv() - - -class ZoteroItem(BaseModel): - """ - Represents metadata about a Zotero item. - """ - - key: str = Field(..., description="Unique key of the item") - title: str = Field(..., description="Title of the item") - abstract: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="Abstract or note of the item") - full_text: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="Full text of the item") - authors: Optional[List[str]] = Field( - None, description="List of authors" - ) # Make optional - doi: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="Digital Object Identifier (DOI)") - year: Optional[int] = Field(None, description="Publication year") - item_type: Optional[str] = Field( - None, description="Type of the item (e.g., journalArticle)" - ) # Make optional - url: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="URL of the item") - - -class ZoteroCollection(BaseModel): - """ - Represents a Zotero collection with metadata. - """ - - key: str = Field(..., description="Unique identifier for the collection.") - name: str = Field(..., description="Name of the collection.") - number_of_items: int = Field( - ..., description="Number of items contained in the collection." - ) - - -class ZoteroManager: - ''' - #### Example Usage #### - - zotero_library_id = os.getenv("ZOTERO_LIBRARY_ID") - zotero_library_type = "user" # or "group" - zotero_api_access_key = os.getenv("ZOTERO_API_ACCESS_KEY") - - zotero_manager = ZoteroManager(zotero_library_id, zotero_library_type, zotero_api_access_key) - - #### GET Zotero topics (Collections) #### - zotero_collections = zotero_manager.get_collections() - # print(zotero_collections) - - #### Zotero collections parsed with pydantic #### - zotero_collection_lists = zotero_manager.list_zotero_collections(zotero_collections) - # print(zotero_collection_lists) - """ - [ - ZoteroCollection(key='IXU5ZWRM', name='RR 10', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='G6AZZGPQ', name='RR 9', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='DZ45SJHF', name='RR 8', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='DM5FVG74', name='RR 7', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='43N5CI48', name='RR 6', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='2TCX6JC2', name='RR 5', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='QVSNAJWV', name='RR 4', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='96UJANPP', name='Ebola Virus', number_of_items=17), - ZoteroCollection(key='UB7AEMB6', name='GeneXpert', number_of_items=31), - ZoteroCollection(key='UDQ9JSD9', name='Vaccine coverage', number_of_items=22), - ZoteroCollection(key='SGNLNIAT', name='Zotero Collection Pastan', number_of_items=227) - ] - """ - - #### Collections with items #### - filtered_zotero_collection_lists = zotero_manager.filter_and_return_collections_with_items(zotero_collection_lists) - # print(filtered_zotero_collection_lists) - """ - [ - {'key': '96UJANPP', 'name': 'Ebola Virus', 'number_of_items': 17}, - {'key': 'UB7AEMB6', 'name': 'GeneXpert', 'number_of_items': 31}, - {'key': 'UDQ9JSD9', 'name': 'Vaccine coverage', 'number_of_items': 22}, - {'key': 'SGNLNIAT', - 'name': 'Zotero Collection Pastan', - 'number_of_items': 227} - ] - """ - - #### Collection by name from a list of zotero collections - ebola_virus_collection = zotero_manager.find_zotero_collection_by_name(zotero_collection_lists, "Ebola Virus") - # print(ebola_virus_collection) - """ZoteroCollection(key='96UJANPP', name='Ebola Virus', number_of_items=17)""" - # print(ebola_virus_collection.model_dump()) - """{'key': '96UJANPP', 'name': 'Ebola Virus', 'number_of_items': 17}""" - - #### Get single collection by key #### - ebola_virus_collection_key = "96UJANPP" # Ebola Virus - ebola_virus_collection = zotero_manager.get_collection_by_key(ebola_virus_collection_key) - # print(ebola_virus_collection) - """ - { - 'key': '96UJANPP', - 'version': 72, - 'library': {'type': 'user', - 'id': 11201324, - 'name': 'pjlus', - 'links': {'alternate': {'href': 'https://www.zotero.org/pjlus', - 'type': 'text/html'}}}, - 'links': {'self': {'href': 'https://api.zotero.org/users/11201324/collections/96UJANPP', - 'type': 'application/json'}, - 'alternate': {'href': 'https://www.zotero.org/pjlus/collections/96UJANPP', - 'type': 'text/html'}}, - 'meta': {'numCollections': 0, 'numItems': 17}, - 'data': {'key': '96UJANPP', - 'version': 72, - 'name': 'Ebola Virus', - 'parentCollection': False, - 'relations': {}} - } - """ - - #### Get collection items by collection key #### - ebora_virus_collection_items = zotero_manager.get_collection_items(ebola_virus_collection_key) - print(len(ebora_virus_collection_items)) - # print(ebora_virus_collection_items[:2]) - - #### Getting zotero collection items and full text - # Here the collections have been parsed using the zotero item pydantic model defined in the zotero manager. - #### - ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items = zotero_manager.get_collection_zotero_items_by_key(ebola_virus_collection_key) - # print(len(ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items)) - # print(ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items[0]) - - #### Get item children (attachments) - # Listed items in zotero are items together with their attachments (pdf content) - #### - zotero_manager.get_item_children("2Q7HFERL") - - #### Get an item full text #### - zotero_manager.get_item_full_text("BMYMEW76")["content"] - - #### Save the item pdf content to disc #### - ## Function to save a pdf file - zotero_manager.save_item_file("BMYMEW76") - - #### Export zotero collection items to json #### - ebora_virus_zotero_items_json = zotero_manager.zotero_items_to_json(ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items) - print(len(ebora_virus_zotero_items_json)) - # print(ebora_virus_zotero_items_json[0]) - ## Save to disc - zotero_manager.write_zotero_items_to_json_file(ebora_virus_zotero_items_json, "zotero_data/ebora_virus_zotero_items.json") - ''' - - def __init__(self, library_id: str, library_type: str, api_key: str): - self.zot = zotero.Zotero(library_id, library_type, api_key) - - def create_zotero_item_from_json(self, json_obj: Dict[str, Any]) -> ZoteroItem: - """ - Creates a ZoteroItem instance from a JSON object. - - Args: - json_obj (Dict[str, Any]): A JSON object containing the Zotero item data. - The JSON structure is expected to have a 'data' field which includes - the metadata for the Zotero item. - - Returns: - ZoteroItem: An instance of ZoteroItem populated with the data extracted - from the JSON object. The fields include key, title, abstract, authors, - doi, year, item_type, and url. - """ - data = json_obj.get("data", {}) - - # Extract item full text from it's attachement - key = data.get("key") - full_text = self.get_full_text_from_children(key) - - # Extract the list of authors - authors = [ - f"{creator.get('name', '')} {creator.get('firstName', '')} {creator.get('lastName', '')}".strip() - for creator in data.get("creators", []) - if creator.get("creatorType") == "author" - ] - - # Create the ZoteroItem instance - zotero_item = ZoteroItem( - key=data.get("key"), - title=data.get("title"), - abstract=data.get("abstractNote"), - full_text=full_text, - authors=authors, - doi=data.get("DOI"), - # year=int(data.get('date', '').split('-')[0]) if data.get('date') else None, - item_type=data.get("itemType"), - url=data.get("url"), - ) - - return zotero_item - - def create_zotero_collection( - self, collection_dict: Dict[str, Any] - ) -> ZoteroCollection: - """ - Converts a dictionary representing a Zotero collection into a ZoteroCollection instance. - - Args: - collection_dict (Dict[str, Any]): A dictionary containing data for a Zotero collection. - The expected structure includes keys 'data' and 'meta' from which relevant fields - such as 'key', 'name', and 'numItems' are extracted. - - Returns: - ZoteroCollection: An instance of ZoteroCollection populated with the data extracted - from the input dictionary. - """ - data = collection_dict.get("data", {}) - meta = collection_dict.get("meta", {}) - - zotero_collection = ZoteroCollection( - key=data.get("key"), - name=data.get("name"), - number_of_items=meta.get("numItems", 0), - ) - - return zotero_collection - - def list_zotero_collections( - self, collection_items: List[Dict[str, Any]] - ) -> List[ZoteroCollection]: - """ - Converts a list of dictionaries representing Zotero collections into a list of ZoteroCollection instances. - - Args: - collection_items (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A list of collection items, each containing data for a Zotero collection. - Each dictionary is expected to have a 'data' key with nested 'key' and 'name' fields, and a 'meta' key - with a 'numItems' field. - - Returns: - List[ZoteroCollection]: A list of ZoteroCollection instances populated with the data extracted - from the input dictionaries. - """ - collections = [ - self.create_zotero_collection(collection_item) - for collection_item in collection_items - ] - return collections - - def list_all_papers(self) -> List[ZoteroItem]: - """ - Lists all papers (journal articles) in your Zotero library. - - Returns: - List of ZoteroItem objects representing the papers in your library. - """ - # print(self.zot.items()) - results = self.zot.items(itemType="journalArticle") - # print(f"results: {results}") - - papers = [] - - for item in results: - zotero_item = self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) - papers.append(zotero_item) - - return papers - - def list_items(self, limit: int = 5): - return self.zot.items(limit=limit) - - def query_items(self, query: str, limit: int = 10) -> List[ZoteroItem]: - """ - Queries Zotero for items matching the given query. - - Args: - query: The search query. - limit: Maximum number of items to return. - - Returns: - List of ZoteroItem objects representing the search results. - """ - results = self.zot.items(q=query, limit=limit) - - return [ - self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) for item in results - ] # Use ** to unpack the dictionary - - def get_item_by_key(self, key: str) -> ZoteroItem: - """ - Retrieves a Zotero item by its key. - - Args: - key: The unique key of the item. - - Returns: - ZoteroItem object representing the retrieved item. - """ - item = self.zot.item(key) - return self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) - - def get_item_by_doi(self, doi: str) -> Optional[ZoteroItem]: - """ - Searches for a Zotero item by its DOI. - - Args: - doi: The DOI of the item. - - Returns: - ZoteroItem object if found, otherwise None. - """ - results = self.zot.items(q=doi) - for item in results: - if item["data"].get("DOI") == doi: - self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) - return None - - def get_item_tags(self, item_key: str) -> List[str]: - """ - Retrieves the tags associated with a Zotero item. - - Args: - item_key: The unique key of the item. - - Returns: - List of strings representing the tags associated with the item. - """ - return self.zot.item_tags(item_key) - - def get_collections(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: - """ - Retrieves the list of collections in your Zotero library. - - Returns: - List of dictionaries representing the collections. - """ - return self.zot.collections() - - def get_collection_by_key(self, collection_key: str) -> Dict[str, Any]: - """ - Retrieves a collection by its key. - - Args: - collection_key: The unique key of the collection. - - Returns: - Dictionary representing the collection. - """ - return self.zot.collection(collection_key) - - def get_collection_items(self, collection_key: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: - """ - Retrieves the items in a collection. - - Args: - collection_key: The unique key of the collection. - - Returns: - List of dictionaries representing the items in the collection. - """ - return self.zot.collection_items(collection_key, itemType="journalArticle") - - def get_item_children(self, item_key: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: - """ - Retrieves the children of a Zotero item. - - Args: - item_key: The unique key of the item. - - Returns: - List of dictionaries representing the children of the item. - """ - return self.zot.children(item_key) - - def get_collection_zotero_items_by_key( - self, collection_key: str - ) -> List[ZoteroItem]: - """ - Retrieves the items in a collection. - - Args: - collection_key: The unique key of the collection. - - Returns: - List of ZoteroItem objects representing the items in the collection. - """ - items = self.zot.collection_items(collection_key, itemType="journalArticle") - return [self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) for item in items] - - def filter_and_return_collections_with_items( - self, zotero_collections: List[ZoteroCollection] - ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: - """ - Filters a list of ZoteroCollection instances to return only those with more than one item, - and returns them as a list of dictionaries. - - Args: - zotero_collections (List[CollectionModel]): A list of CollectionModel instances. - - Returns: - List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries representing collections with more than one item. - """ - filtered_collections = [ - collection.model_dump() - for collection in zotero_collections - if collection.number_of_items > 0 - ] - return filtered_collections - - def find_zotero_collection_by_name( - self, zotero_collections: List[ZoteroCollection], name: str - ) -> ZoteroCollection: - """ - Finds and returns a ZoteroCollection instance by its name. - - Args: - zotero_collections (List[CollectionModel]): A list of CollectionModel instances. - name (str): The name of the collection to find. - - Returns: - ZoteroCollection: The ZoteroCollection instance that matches the given name. - - Raises: - ValueError: If no collection with the given name is found. - """ - for collection in zotero_collections: - if collection.name == name: - return collection - raise ValueError(f"Collection with name '{name}' not found.") - - def zotero_items_to_json( - self, zotero_items: List[ZoteroItem] - ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: - """ - Converts a list of ZoteroItem instances into a JSON-compatible list of dictionaries. - - Args: - zotero_items (List[ZoteroItem]): A list of ZoteroItem instances. - - Returns: - List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries representing the Zotero items. - Each dictionary is a JSON-compatible representation of a ZoteroItem. - """ - items = [item for item in zotero_items if item.abstract or item.full_text] - - return [item.model_dump() for item in items] - - def write_zotero_items_to_json_file( - self, zotero_items_json: List[Dict[str, Any]], file_path: str - ) -> None: - """ - Writes a JSON object of Zotero items to a JSON file. - - Args: - zotero_items_json (List[Dict[str, Any]]): A JSON-compatible list of dictionaries - representing Zotero items. - file_path (str): The file path where the JSON file should be written. - - Returns: - None - """ - with open(file_path, "w") as json_file: - json.dump(zotero_items_json, json_file, indent=2) - - def get_item_full_text(self, key: str) -> Optional[dict]: - """ - Retrieves an item by its key and dumps it file. - - Args: - key: The unique key of the item. - - Returns: - A dictionary containing the metadata for full text: - """ - - try: - return self.zot.fulltext_item(key) - except Exception as e: - print(f"Error: {str(e)}") - return None - - def get_full_text_from_children(self, key: str) -> Optional[str]: - """ - Retrieves an item by its key and dumps it file. - - Args: - key: The unique key of the item. - - Returns: - A text containing the metadata for full text: - """ - children_items = self.get_item_children(key) - full_text = "" - if children_items: - for item in children_items: - if item.get("data", {}).get("itemType") == "attachment": - content_dict = self.get_item_full_text( - item.get("data", {}).get("key", "") - ) - if content_dict is not None: - content = content_dict.get("content", "") - full_text += content + "\n" - - return full_text - - def save_item_file(self, key: str) -> None: - """ - Retrieves an item by its key and dumps it file. - - Args: - key: The unique key of the item. - """ - item = self.zot.item(key) - zotero_item = self.create_zotero_item_from_json(item) - item_title = slugify(zotero_item.title) - try: - self.zot.dump(key, f"{item_title}.pdf", "zotero_data") - except Exception as e: - print(f"Error: {str(e)}") - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - """Sample driver code""" - zotero_library_id = os.getenv("ZOTERO_LIBRARY_ID") - zotero_library_type = "user" # or "group" - zotero_api_access_key = os.getenv("ZOTERO_API_ACCESS_KEY") - - zotero_manager = ZoteroManager( - zotero_library_id, zotero_library_type, zotero_api_access_key - ) - - #### GET Zotero topics (Collections) #### - zotero_collections = zotero_manager.get_collections() - # print(zotero_collections) - - #### Zotero collections parsed with pydantic #### - zotero_collection_lists = zotero_manager.list_zotero_collections(zotero_collections) - # print(zotero_collection_lists) - """ - [ - ZoteroCollection(key='IXU5ZWRM', name='RR 10', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='G6AZZGPQ', name='RR 9', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='DZ45SJHF', name='RR 8', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='DM5FVG74', name='RR 7', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='43N5CI48', name='RR 6', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='2TCX6JC2', name='RR 5', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='QVSNAJWV', name='RR 4', number_of_items=0), - ZoteroCollection(key='96UJANPP', name='Ebola Virus', number_of_items=17), - ZoteroCollection(key='UB7AEMB6', name='GeneXpert', number_of_items=31), - ZoteroCollection(key='UDQ9JSD9', name='Vaccine coverage', number_of_items=22), - ZoteroCollection(key='SGNLNIAT', name='Zotero Collection Pastan', number_of_items=227) - ] - """ - - #### Collections with items #### - filtered_zotero_collection_lists = ( - zotero_manager.filter_and_return_collections_with_items(zotero_collection_lists) - ) - # print(filtered_zotero_collection_lists) - """ - [ - {'key': '96UJANPP', 'name': 'Ebola Virus', 'number_of_items': 17}, - {'key': 'UB7AEMB6', 'name': 'GeneXpert', 'number_of_items': 31}, - {'key': 'UDQ9JSD9', 'name': 'Vaccine coverage', 'number_of_items': 22}, - {'key': 'SGNLNIAT', - 'name': 'Zotero Collection Pastan', - 'number_of_items': 227} - ] - """ - - #### Collection by name from a list of zotero collections - ebola_virus_collection = zotero_manager.find_zotero_collection_by_name( - zotero_collection_lists, "Ebola Virus" - ) - # print(ebola_virus_collection) - """ZoteroCollection(key='96UJANPP', name='Ebola Virus', number_of_items=17)""" - # print(ebola_virus_collection.model_dump()) - """{'key': '96UJANPP', 'name': 'Ebola Virus', 'number_of_items': 17}""" - - #### Get single collection by key #### - ebola_virus_collection_key = "96UJANPP" # Ebola Virus - ebola_virus_collection = zotero_manager.get_collection_by_key( - ebola_virus_collection_key - ) - # print(ebola_virus_collection) - """ - { - 'key': '96UJANPP', - 'version': 72, - 'library': {'type': 'user', - 'id': 11201324, - 'name': 'pjlus', - 'links': {'alternate': {'href': 'https://www.zotero.org/pjlus', - 'type': 'text/html'}}}, - 'links': {'self': {'href': 'https://api.zotero.org/users/11201324/collections/96UJANPP', - 'type': 'application/json'}, - 'alternate': {'href': 'https://www.zotero.org/pjlus/collections/96UJANPP', - 'type': 'text/html'}}, - 'meta': {'numCollections': 0, 'numItems': 17}, - 'data': {'key': '96UJANPP', - 'version': 72, - 'name': 'Ebola Virus', - 'parentCollection': False, - 'relations': {}} - } - """ - - #### Get collection items by collection key #### - ebora_virus_collection_items = zotero_manager.get_collection_items( - ebola_virus_collection_key - ) - print(len(ebora_virus_collection_items)) - # print(ebora_virus_collection_items[:2]) - - #### Getting zotero collection items and full text - # Here the collections have been parsed using the zotero item pydantic model defined in the zotero manager. - #### - ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items = ( - zotero_manager.get_collection_zotero_items_by_key(ebola_virus_collection_key) - ) - # print(len(ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items)) - # print(ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items[0]) - - #### Get item children (attachments) - # Listed items in zotero are items together with their attachments (pdf content) - #### - zotero_manager.get_item_children("2Q7HFERL") - - #### Get an item full text #### - zotero_manager.get_item_full_text("BMYMEW76")["content"] - - #### Save the item pdf content to disc #### - ## Function to save a pdf file - zotero_manager.save_item_file("BMYMEW76") - - #### Export zotero collection items to json #### - ebora_virus_zotero_items_json = zotero_manager.zotero_items_to_json( - ebora_virus_zotero_collection_items - ) - print(len(ebora_virus_zotero_items_json)) - # print(ebora_virus_zotero_items_json[0]) - ## Save to disc - zotero_manager.write_zotero_items_to_json_file( - ebora_virus_zotero_items_json, "zotero_data/ebora_virus_zotero_items.json" - )