Duplicate from Bingsu/color_textual_inversion

Co-authored-by: Dowon Hwang <[email protected]>

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Created by https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python
+# Edit at https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore?templates=python
+
+### Python ###
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+.pybuilder/
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+#poetry.lock
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#pdm.lock
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
+.pdm.toml
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+cython_debug/
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/
+
+### Python Patch ###
+# Poetry local configuration file - https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#local-configuration
+poetry.toml
+
+
+# End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python
+dataset/
+*.pt

LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Bingsu
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

README.md

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+---
+title: color_textual_inversion
+emoji: 🖌️
+sdk: streamlit
+python_version: 3.9
+sdk_version: 1.10.0
+app_file: app.py
+duplicated_from: Bingsu/color_textual_inversion
+---
+
+# color_textual_inversion

app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from textwrap import dedent
+
+import numpy as np
+import streamlit as st
+import torch
+from PIL import Image
+from transformers import CLIPTokenizer
+
+
+def hex_to_rgb(s: str) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    value = s.lstrip("#")
+    return (int(value[:2], 16), int(value[2:4], 16), int(value[4:6], 16))
+
+
+st.header("Color Textual Inversion")
+with st.expander(label="info"):
+    with open("info.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        st.markdown(f.read())
+
+duplicate_button = """<a class="duplicate-button" style="display:inline-block" target="_blank" href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/Bingsu/color_textual_inversion?duplicate=true"><img style="margin: 0" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Duplicate%20Space-blue?labelColor=white&style=flat&logo=data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAP5JREFUOE+lk7FqAkEURY+ltunEgFXS2sZGIbXfEPdLlnxJyDdYB62sbbUKpLbVNhyYFzbrrA74YJlh9r079973psed0cvUD4A+4HoCjsA85X0Dfn/RBLBgBDxnQPfAEJgBY+A9gALA4tcbamSzS4xq4FOQAJgCDwV2CPKV8tZAJcAjMMkUe1vX+U+SMhfAJEHasQIWmXNN3abzDwHUrgcRGmYcgKe0bxrblHEB4E/pndMazNpSZGcsZdBlYJcEL9Afo75molJyM2FxmPgmgPqlWNLGfwZGG6UiyEvLzHYDmoPkDDiNm9JR9uboiONcBXrpY1qmgs21x1QwyZcpvxt9NS09PlsPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC&logoWidth=14" alt="Duplicate Space"></a>"""
+st.markdown(duplicate_button, unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+col1, col2 = st.columns([15, 85])
+color = col1.color_picker("Pick a color", "#00f900")
+col2.text_input("", color, disabled=True)
+
+emb_name = st.text_input("Embedding name", color.lstrip("#").upper())
+init_token = st.text_input("Initializer token", "init token name")
+rgb = hex_to_rgb(color)
+
+img_array = np.zeros((128, 128, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+for i in range(3):
+    img_array[..., i] = rgb[i]
+
+dataset_temp = TemporaryDirectory(prefix="dataset_", dir=".")
+dataset_path = Path(dataset_temp.name)
+output_temp = TemporaryDirectory(prefix="output_", dir=".")
+output_path = Path(output_temp.name)
+
+img_path = dataset_path / f"{emb_name}.png"
+Image.fromarray(img_array).save(img_path)
+
+with st.sidebar:
+    model_name = st.text_input("Model name", "Linaqruf/anything-v3.0")
+    steps = st.slider("Steps", 1, 100, 30, step=1)
+    learning_rate = st.text_input("Learning rate", "0.005")
+    learning_rate = float(learning_rate)
+
+tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, subfolder="tokenizer")
+
+# case 1: init_token is not a single token
+token = tokenizer.tokenize(init_token)
+if len(token) > 1:
+    st.warning("Initializer token must be a single token")
+    st.stop()
+
+# case 2: init_token already exists in the tokenizer
+num_added_tokens = tokenizer.add_tokens(emb_name)
+if num_added_tokens == 0:
+    st.warning(f"The tokenizer already contains the token {emb_name}")
+    st.stop()
+
+cmd = """
+accelerate launch textual_inversion.py \
+  --pretrained_model_name_or_path={model_name} \
+  --train_data_dir={dataset_path} \
+  --learnable_property="style" \
+  --placeholder_token="{emb_name}" \
+  --initializer_token="{init}" \
+  --resolution=128 \
+  --train_batch_size=1 \
+  --repeats=1 \
+  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
+  --max_train_steps={steps} \
+  --learning_rate={lr} \
+  --output_dir={output_path} \
+  --only_save_embeds
+""".strip()
+
+cmd = dedent(cmd).format(
+    model_name=model_name,
+    dataset_path=dataset_path.as_posix(),
+    emb_name=emb_name,
+    init=init_token,
+    steps=steps,
+    lr=learning_rate,
+    output_path=output_path.as_posix(),
+)
+cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
+
+result_path = output_path / "learned_embeds.bin"
+captured = ""
+
+start_button = st.button("Start")
+download_button = st.empty()
+
+if start_button:
+    with st.spinner("Training..."):
+        placeholder = st.empty()
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+
+        while line := p.stderr.readline():
+            captured += line
+            placeholder.code(captured, language="bash")
+
+if not result_path.exists():
+    st.stop()
+
+# fix unknown file volume bug
+trained_emb = torch.load(result_path, map_location="cpu")
+for k, v in trained_emb.items():
+    trained_emb[k] = torch.from_numpy(v.numpy())
+torch.save(trained_emb, result_path)
+
+file = result_path.read_bytes()
+download_button.download_button(f"Download {emb_name}.pt", file, f"{emb_name}.pt")
+st.download_button(f"Download {emb_name}.pt ", file, f"{emb_name}.pt")
+
+dataset_temp.cleanup()
+output_temp.cleanup()

info.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Create an embedding that represents a color code.
+
+Using only one simple color image, textual inversion training is performed.
+
+This idea is from the arcalive AI image channel, [내가 원하는 색상코드를 만들어 사용해 보자](https://arca.live/b/aiart/64702219).
+
+However, this space uses an implementation of huggingface diffusers, so the result is different from webui. Please be careful on this point.

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+[project]
+name = "color-textual-inversion"
+version = "0.1.3"
+description = ""
+authors = [
+    {name = "Bingsu", email = "[email protected]"},
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "torch",
+    "torchvision",
+    "accelerate",
+    "ftfy",
+    "tensorboard",
+    "modelcards",
+    "transformers>=4.21.0",
+    "diffusers",
+    "streamlit==1.10.0",
+]
+license = {text = "MIT"}
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
+
+[tool]
+[tool.pdm]
+[tool.pdm.dev-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    "black>=22.10.0",
+    "isort>=5.10.1",
+    "mypy>=0.991",
+    "flake8-bugbear>=22.12.6",
+    "ipywidgets>=8.0.3",
+]
+
+[tool.pdm.scripts]
+st = "streamlit run app.py"
+black = "black ."
+isort = "isort ."
+format = {composite = ["isort", "black"]}
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+torch
+torchvision
+accelerate
+ftfy
+tensorboard
+modelcards
+transformers>=4.21.0
+diffusers
+streamlit==1.10.0

textual_inversion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+import argparse
+import itertools
+import math
+import os
+import random
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+import numpy as np
+import PIL
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+import torch.utils.checkpoint
+from accelerate import Accelerator
+from accelerate.logging import get_logger
+from accelerate.utils import set_seed
+from diffusers import (
+    AutoencoderKL,
+    DDPMScheduler,
+    PNDMScheduler,
+    StableDiffusionPipeline,
+    UNet2DConditionModel,
+)
+from diffusers.optimization import get_scheduler
+from diffusers.pipelines.stable_diffusion import StableDiffusionSafetyChecker
+
+# from diffusers.utils import check_min_version
+from huggingface_hub import HfFolder, Repository, whoami
+
+# TODO: remove and import from diffusers.utils when the new version of diffusers is released
+from packaging import version
+from PIL import Image
+from torch.utils.data import Dataset
+from torchvision import transforms
+from tqdm.auto import tqdm
+from transformers import CLIPFeatureExtractor, CLIPTextModel, CLIPTokenizer
+
+if version.parse(version.parse(PIL.__version__).base_version) >= version.parse("9.1.0"):
+    PIL_INTERPOLATION = {
+        "linear": PIL.Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+        "bilinear": PIL.Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+        "bicubic": PIL.Image.Resampling.BICUBIC,
+        "lanczos": PIL.Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+        "nearest": PIL.Image.Resampling.NEAREST,
+    }
+else:
+    PIL_INTERPOLATION = {
+        "linear": PIL.Image.LINEAR,
+        "bilinear": PIL.Image.BILINEAR,
+        "bicubic": PIL.Image.BICUBIC,
+        "lanczos": PIL.Image.LANCZOS,
+        "nearest": PIL.Image.NEAREST,
+    }
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# Will error if the minimal version of diffusers is not installed. Remove at your own risks.
+# check_min_version("0.10.0.dev0")
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def save_progress(text_encoder, placeholder_token_id, accelerator, args, save_path):
+    logger.info("Saving embeddings")
+    learned_embeds = (
+        accelerator.unwrap_model(text_encoder)
+        .get_input_embeddings()
+        .weight[placeholder_token_id]
+    )
+    learned_embeds_dict = {args.placeholder_token: learned_embeds.detach().cpu()}
+    torch.save(learned_embeds_dict, save_path)
+
+
+def parse_args():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Simple example of a training script.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--save_steps",
+        type=int,
+        default=500,
+        help="Save learned_embeds.bin every X updates steps.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--only_save_embeds",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Save only the embeddings for the new concept.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--pretrained_model_name_or_path",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        required=True,
+        help="Path to pretrained model or model identifier from huggingface.co/models.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--revision",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        required=False,
+        help="Revision of pretrained model identifier from huggingface.co/models.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--tokenizer_name",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        help="Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--train_data_dir",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        required=True,
+        help="A folder containing the training data.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--placeholder_token",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        required=True,
+        help="A token to use as a placeholder for the concept.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--initializer_token",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        required=True,
+        help="A token to use as initializer word.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--learnable_property",
+        type=str,
+        default="object",
+        help="Choose between 'object' and 'style'",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--repeats",
+        type=int,
+        default=100,
+        help="How many times to repeat the training data.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output_dir",
+        type=str,
+        default="text-inversion-model",
+        help="The output directory where the model predictions and checkpoints will be written.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--seed", type=int, default=None, help="A seed for reproducible training."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--resolution",
+        type=int,
+        default=512,
+        help=(
+            "The resolution for input images, all the images in the train/validation dataset will be resized to this"
+            " resolution"
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--center_crop",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether to center crop images before resizing to resolution",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--train_batch_size",
+        type=int,
+        default=16,
+        help="Batch size (per device) for the training dataloader.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--num_train_epochs", type=int, default=100)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--max_train_steps",
+        type=int,
+        default=5000,
+        help="Total number of training steps to perform.  If provided, overrides num_train_epochs.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--gradient_accumulation_steps",
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help="Number of updates steps to accumulate before performing a backward/update pass.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--learning_rate",
+        type=float,
+        default=1e-4,
+        help="Initial learning rate (after the potential warmup period) to use.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--scale_lr",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=True,
+        help="Scale the learning rate by the number of GPUs, gradient accumulation steps, and batch size.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--lr_scheduler",
+        type=str,
+        default="constant",
+        help=(
+            'The scheduler type to use. Choose between ["linear", "cosine", "cosine_with_restarts", "polynomial",'
+            ' "constant", "constant_with_warmup"]'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--lr_warmup_steps",
+        type=int,
+        default=500,
+        help="Number of steps for the warmup in the lr scheduler.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--adam_beta1",
+        type=float,
+        default=0.9,
+        help="The beta1 parameter for the Adam optimizer.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--adam_beta2",
+        type=float,
+        default=0.999,
+        help="The beta2 parameter for the Adam optimizer.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--adam_weight_decay", type=float, default=1e-2, help="Weight decay to use."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--adam_epsilon",
+        type=float,
+        default=1e-08,
+        help="Epsilon value for the Adam optimizer",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--push_to_hub",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Whether or not to push the model to the Hub.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--hub_token",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        help="The token to use to push to the Model Hub.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--hub_model_id",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        help="The name of the repository to keep in sync with the local `output_dir`.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--logging_dir",
+        type=str,
+        default="logs",
+        help=(
+            "[TensorBoard](https://www.tensorflow.org/tensorboard) log directory. Will default to"
+            " *output_dir/runs/**CURRENT_DATETIME_HOSTNAME***."
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--mixed_precision",
+        type=str,
+        default="no",
+        choices=["no", "fp16", "bf16"],
+        help=(
+            "Whether to use mixed precision. Choose"
+            "between fp16 and bf16 (bfloat16). Bf16 requires PyTorch >= 1.10."
+            "and an Nvidia Ampere GPU."
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--local_rank",
+        type=int,
+        default=-1,
+        help="For distributed training: local_rank",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    env_local_rank = int(os.environ.get("LOCAL_RANK", -1))
+    if env_local_rank != -1 and env_local_rank != args.local_rank:
+        args.local_rank = env_local_rank
+
+    if args.train_data_dir is None:
+        raise ValueError("You must specify a train data directory.")
+
+    return args
+
+
+imagenet_templates_small = [
+    "a photo of a {}",
+    "a rendering of a {}",
+    "a cropped photo of the {}",
+    "the photo of a {}",
+    "a photo of a clean {}",
+    "a photo of a dirty {}",
+    "a dark photo of the {}",
+    "a photo of my {}",
+    "a photo of the cool {}",
+    "a close-up photo of a {}",
+    "a bright photo of the {}",
+    "a cropped photo of a {}",
+    "a photo of the {}",
+    "a good photo of the {}",
+    "a photo of one {}",
+    "a close-up photo of the {}",
+    "a rendition of the {}",
+    "a photo of the clean {}",
+    "a rendition of a {}",
+    "a photo of a nice {}",
+    "a good photo of a {}",
+    "a photo of the nice {}",
+    "a photo of the small {}",
+    "a photo of the weird {}",
+    "a photo of the large {}",
+    "a photo of a cool {}",
+    "a photo of a small {}",
+]
+
+imagenet_style_templates_small = [
+    "a painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a rendering of {}, art by *",
+    "a cropped painting of {}, art by *",
+    "the painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a clean painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a dirty painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a dark painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a picture of {}, art by *",
+    "a cool painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a close-up painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a bright painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a cropped painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a good painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a close-up painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a rendition of {}, art by *",
+    "a nice painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a small painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a weird painting of {}, art by *",
+    "a large painting of {}, art by *",
+]
+
+
+class TextualInversionDataset(Dataset):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data_root,
+        tokenizer,
+        learnable_property="object",  # [object, style]
+        size=512,
+        repeats=100,
+        interpolation="bicubic",
+        flip_p=0.5,
+        set="train",
+        placeholder_token="*",
+        center_crop=False,
+    ):
+        self.data_root = data_root
+        self.tokenizer = tokenizer
+        self.learnable_property = learnable_property
+        self.size = size
+        self.placeholder_token = placeholder_token
+        self.center_crop = center_crop
+        self.flip_p = flip_p
+
+        self.image_paths = [
+            os.path.join(self.data_root, file_path)
+            for file_path in os.listdir(self.data_root)
+        ]
+
+        self.num_images = len(self.image_paths)
+        self._length = self.num_images
+
+        if set == "train":
+            self._length = self.num_images * repeats
+
+        self.interpolation = {
+            "linear": PIL_INTERPOLATION["linear"],
+            "bilinear": PIL_INTERPOLATION["bilinear"],
+            "bicubic": PIL_INTERPOLATION["bicubic"],
+            "lanczos": PIL_INTERPOLATION["lanczos"],
+        }[interpolation]
+
+        self.templates = (
+            imagenet_style_templates_small
+            if learnable_property == "style"
+            else imagenet_templates_small
+        )
+        self.flip_transform = transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=self.flip_p)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self._length
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        example = {}
+        image = Image.open(self.image_paths[i % self.num_images])
+
+        if image.mode != "RGB":
+            image = image.convert("RGB")
+
+        placeholder_string = self.placeholder_token
+        text = random.choice(self.templates).format(placeholder_string)
+
+        example["input_ids"] = self.tokenizer(
+            text,
+            padding="max_length",
+            truncation=True,
+            max_length=self.tokenizer.model_max_length,
+            return_tensors="pt",
+        ).input_ids[0]
+
+        # default to score-sde preprocessing
+        img = np.array(image).astype(np.uint8)
+
+        if self.center_crop:
+            crop = min(img.shape[0], img.shape[1])
+            h, w, = (
+                img.shape[0],
+                img.shape[1],
+            )
+            img = img[
+                (h - crop) // 2 : (h + crop) // 2, (w - crop) // 2 : (w + crop) // 2
+            ]
+
+        image = Image.fromarray(img)
+        image = image.resize((self.size, self.size), resample=self.interpolation)
+
+        image = self.flip_transform(image)
+        image = np.array(image).astype(np.uint8)
+        image = (image / 127.5 - 1.0).astype(np.float32)
+
+        example["pixel_values"] = torch.from_numpy(image).permute(2, 0, 1)
+        return example
+
+
+def get_full_repo_name(
+    model_id: str, organization: Optional[str] = None, token: Optional[str] = None
+):
+    if token is None:
+        token = HfFolder.get_token()
+    if organization is None:
+        username = whoami(token)["name"]
+        return f"{username}/{model_id}"
+    else:
+        return f"{organization}/{model_id}"
+
+
+def freeze_params(params):
+    for param in params:
+        param.requires_grad = False
+
+
+def main():
+    args = parse_args()
+    # logging_dir = os.path.join(args.output_dir, args.logging_dir)
+
+    accelerator = Accelerator(
+        gradient_accumulation_steps=args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
+        mixed_precision=args.mixed_precision,
+    )
+
+    # If passed along, set the training seed now.
+    if args.seed is not None:
+        set_seed(args.seed)
+
+    # Handle the repository creation
+    if accelerator.is_main_process:
+        if args.push_to_hub:
+            if args.hub_model_id is None:
+                repo_name = get_full_repo_name(
+                    Path(args.output_dir).name, token=args.hub_token
+                )
+            else:
+                repo_name = args.hub_model_id
+            repo = Repository(args.output_dir, clone_from=repo_name)
+
+            with open(os.path.join(args.output_dir, ".gitignore"), "w+") as gitignore:
+                if "step_*" not in gitignore:
+                    gitignore.write("step_*\n")
+                if "epoch_*" not in gitignore:
+                    gitignore.write("epoch_*\n")
+        elif args.output_dir is not None:
+            os.makedirs(args.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # Load the tokenizer and add the placeholder token as a additional special token
+    if args.tokenizer_name:
+        tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.tokenizer_name)
+    elif args.pretrained_model_name_or_path:
+        tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained(
+            args.pretrained_model_name_or_path, subfolder="tokenizer"
+        )
+
+    # Add the placeholder token in tokenizer
+    num_added_tokens = tokenizer.add_tokens(args.placeholder_token)
+    if num_added_tokens == 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"The tokenizer already contains the token {args.placeholder_token}. Please pass a different"
+            " `placeholder_token` that is not already in the tokenizer."
+        )
+
+    # Convert the initializer_token, placeholder_token to ids
+    token_ids = tokenizer.encode(args.initializer_token, add_special_tokens=False)
+    # Check if initializer_token is a single token or a sequence of tokens
+    if len(token_ids) > 1:
+        raise ValueError("The initializer token must be a single token.")
+
+    initializer_token_id = token_ids[0]
+    placeholder_token_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(args.placeholder_token)
+
+    # Load models and create wrapper for stable diffusion
+    text_encoder = CLIPTextModel.from_pretrained(
+        args.pretrained_model_name_or_path,
+        subfolder="text_encoder",
+        revision=args.revision,
+    )
+    vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained(
+        args.pretrained_model_name_or_path,
+        subfolder="vae",
+        revision=args.revision,
+    )
+    unet = UNet2DConditionModel.from_pretrained(
+        args.pretrained_model_name_or_path,
+        subfolder="unet",
+        revision=args.revision,
+    )
+
+    # Resize the token embeddings as we are adding new special tokens to the tokenizer
+    text_encoder.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer))
+
+    # Initialise the newly added placeholder token with the embeddings of the initializer token
+    token_embeds = text_encoder.get_input_embeddings().weight.data
+    token_embeds[placeholder_token_id] = token_embeds[initializer_token_id]
+
+    # Freeze vae and unet
+    freeze_params(vae.parameters())
+    freeze_params(unet.parameters())
+    # Freeze all parameters except for the token embeddings in text encoder
+    params_to_freeze = itertools.chain(
+        text_encoder.text_model.encoder.parameters(),
+        text_encoder.text_model.final_layer_norm.parameters(),
+        text_encoder.text_model.embeddings.position_embedding.parameters(),
+    )
+    freeze_params(params_to_freeze)
+
+    if args.scale_lr:
+        args.learning_rate = (
+            args.learning_rate
+            * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+            * args.train_batch_size
+            * accelerator.num_processes
+        )
+
+    # Initialize the optimizer
+    optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(
+        text_encoder.get_input_embeddings().parameters(),  # only optimize the embeddings
+        lr=args.learning_rate,
+        betas=(args.adam_beta1, args.adam_beta2),
+        weight_decay=args.adam_weight_decay,
+        eps=args.adam_epsilon,
+    )
+
+    noise_scheduler = DDPMScheduler.from_pretrained(
+        args.pretrained_model_name_or_path, subfolder="scheduler"
+    )
+
+    train_dataset = TextualInversionDataset(
+        data_root=args.train_data_dir,
+        tokenizer=tokenizer,
+        size=args.resolution,
+        placeholder_token=args.placeholder_token,
+        repeats=args.repeats,
+        learnable_property=args.learnable_property,
+        center_crop=args.center_crop,
+        set="train",
+    )
+    train_dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
+        train_dataset, batch_size=args.train_batch_size, shuffle=True
+    )
+
+    # Scheduler and math around the number of training steps.
+    overrode_max_train_steps = False
+    num_update_steps_per_epoch = math.ceil(
+        len(train_dataloader) / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+    )
+    if args.max_train_steps is None:
+        args.max_train_steps = args.num_train_epochs * num_update_steps_per_epoch
+        overrode_max_train_steps = True
+
+    lr_scheduler = get_scheduler(
+        args.lr_scheduler,
+        optimizer=optimizer,
+        num_warmup_steps=args.lr_warmup_steps * args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
+        num_training_steps=args.max_train_steps * args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
+    )
+
+    text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(
+        text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
+    )
+
+    # Move vae and unet to device
+    vae.to(accelerator.device)
+    unet.to(accelerator.device)
+
+    # Keep vae and unet in eval model as we don't train these
+    vae.eval()
+    unet.eval()
+
+    # We need to recalculate our total training steps as the size of the training dataloader may have changed.
+    num_update_steps_per_epoch = math.ceil(
+        len(train_dataloader) / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+    )
+    if overrode_max_train_steps:
+        args.max_train_steps = args.num_train_epochs * num_update_steps_per_epoch
+    # Afterwards we recalculate our number of training epochs
+    args.num_train_epochs = math.ceil(args.max_train_steps / num_update_steps_per_epoch)
+
+    # We need to initialize the trackers we use, and also store our configuration.
+    # The trackers initializes automatically on the main process.
+    if accelerator.is_main_process:
+        accelerator.init_trackers("textual_inversion", config=vars(args))
+
+    # Train!
+    total_batch_size = (
+        args.train_batch_size
+        * accelerator.num_processes
+        * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+    )
+
+    logger.info("***** Running training *****")
+    logger.info(f"  Num examples = {len(train_dataset)}")
+    logger.info(f"  Num Epochs = {args.num_train_epochs}")
+    logger.info(f"  Instantaneous batch size per device = {args.train_batch_size}")
+    logger.info(
+        f"  Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation) = {total_batch_size}"
+    )
+    logger.info(f"  Gradient Accumulation steps = {args.gradient_accumulation_steps}")
+    logger.info(f"  Total optimization steps = {args.max_train_steps}")
+    # Only show the progress bar once on each machine.
+    progress_bar = tqdm(
+        range(args.max_train_steps), disable=not accelerator.is_local_main_process
+    )
+    progress_bar.set_description("Steps")
+    global_step = 0
+
+    for epoch in range(args.num_train_epochs):
+        text_encoder.train()
+        for step, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
+            with accelerator.accumulate(text_encoder):
+                # Convert images to latent space
+                latents = (
+                    vae.encode(batch["pixel_values"]).latent_dist.sample().detach()
+                )
+                latents = latents * 0.18215
+
+                # Sample noise that we'll add to the latents
+                noise = torch.randn(latents.shape).to(latents.device)
+                bsz = latents.shape[0]
+                # Sample a random timestep for each image
+                timesteps = torch.randint(
+                    0,
+                    noise_scheduler.config.num_train_timesteps,
+                    (bsz,),
+                    device=latents.device,
+                ).long()
+
+                # Add noise to the latents according to the noise magnitude at each timestep
+                # (this is the forward diffusion process)
+                noisy_latents = noise_scheduler.add_noise(latents, noise, timesteps)
+
+                # Get the text embedding for conditioning
+                encoder_hidden_states = text_encoder(batch["input_ids"])[0]
+
+                # Predict the noise residual
+                model_pred = unet(
+                    noisy_latents, timesteps, encoder_hidden_states
+                ).sample
+
+                # Get the target for loss depending on the prediction type
+                if noise_scheduler.config.prediction_type == "epsilon":
+                    target = noise
+                elif noise_scheduler.config.prediction_type == "v_prediction":
+                    target = noise_scheduler.get_velocity(latents, noise, timesteps)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Unknown prediction type {noise_scheduler.config.prediction_type}"
+                    )
+
+                loss = (
+                    F.mse_loss(model_pred, target, reduction="none")
+                    .mean([1, 2, 3])
+                    .mean()
+                )
+                accelerator.backward(loss)
+
+                # Zero out the gradients for all token embeddings except the newly added
+                # embeddings for the concept, as we only want to optimize the concept embeddings
+                if accelerator.num_processes > 1:
+                    grads = text_encoder.module.get_input_embeddings().weight.grad
+                else:
+                    grads = text_encoder.get_input_embeddings().weight.grad
+                # Get the index for tokens that we want to zero the grads for
+                index_grads_to_zero = (
+                    torch.arange(len(tokenizer)) != placeholder_token_id
+                )
+                grads.data[index_grads_to_zero, :] = grads.data[
+                    index_grads_to_zero, :
+                ].fill_(0)
+
+                optimizer.step()
+                lr_scheduler.step()
+                optimizer.zero_grad()
+
+            # Checks if the accelerator has performed an optimization step behind the scenes
+            if accelerator.sync_gradients:
+                progress_bar.update(1)
+                global_step += 1
+                if global_step % args.save_steps == 0:
+                    save_path = os.path.join(
+                        args.output_dir, f"learned_embeds-steps-{global_step}.bin"
+                    )
+                    save_progress(
+                        text_encoder, placeholder_token_id, accelerator, args, save_path
+                    )
+
+            logs = {"loss": loss.detach().item(), "lr": lr_scheduler.get_last_lr()[0]}
+            progress_bar.set_postfix(**logs)
+            accelerator.log(logs, step=global_step)
+
+            if global_step >= args.max_train_steps:
+                break
+
+        accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
+
+    # Create the pipeline using using the trained modules and save it.
+    if accelerator.is_main_process:
+        if args.push_to_hub and args.only_save_embeds:
+            logger.warn(
+                "Enabling full model saving because --push_to_hub=True was specified."
+            )
+            save_full_model = True
+        else:
+            save_full_model = not args.only_save_embeds
+        if save_full_model:
+            pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline(
+                text_encoder=accelerator.unwrap_model(text_encoder),
+                vae=vae,
+                unet=unet,
+                tokenizer=tokenizer,
+                scheduler=PNDMScheduler.from_pretrained(
+                    args.pretrained_model_name_or_path, subfolder="scheduler"
+                ),
+                safety_checker=StableDiffusionSafetyChecker.from_pretrained(
+                    "CompVis/stable-diffusion-safety-checker"
+                ),
+                feature_extractor=CLIPFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained(
+                    "openai/clip-vit-base-patch32"
+                ),
+            )
+            pipeline.save_pretrained(args.output_dir)
+        # Save the newly trained embeddings
+        save_path = os.path.join(args.output_dir, "learned_embeds.bin")
+        save_progress(text_encoder, placeholder_token_id, accelerator, args, save_path)
+
+        if args.push_to_hub:
+            repo.push_to_hub(
+                commit_message="End of training", blocking=False, auto_lfs_prune=True
+            )
+
+    accelerator.end_training()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()