/**
 * @class (Markov process)-based string generator. 
 * Copied from a <a href="http://www.roguebasin.roguelikedevelopment.org/index.php?title=Names_from_a_high_order_Markov_Process_and_a_simplified_Katz_back-off_scheme">RogueBasin article</a>. 
 * Offers configurable order and prior.
 * @param {object} [options]
 * @param {bool} [options.words=false] Use word mode?
 * @param {int} [options.order=3]
 * @param {float} [options.prior=0.001]
 */
ROT.StringGenerator = function(options) {
	this._options = {
		words: false,
		order: 3,
		prior: 0.001
	}
	for (var p in options) { this._options[p] = options[p]; }

	this._boundary = String.fromCharCode(0);
	this._suffix = this._boundary;
	this._prefix = [];
	for (var i=0;i<this._options.order;i++) { this._prefix.push(this._boundary); }

	this._priorValues = {};
	this._priorValues[this._boundary] = this._options.prior;

	this._data = {};
}

/**
 * Remove all learning data
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype.clear = function() {
	this._data = {};
	this._priorValues = {};
}

/**
 * @returns {string} Generated string
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype.generate = function() {
	var result = [this._sample(this._prefix)];
	while (result[result.length-1] != this._boundary) {
		result.push(this._sample(result));
	}
	return this._join(result.slice(0, -1));
}

/**
 * Observe (learn) a string from a training set
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype.observe = function(string) {
	var tokens = this._split(string);

	for (var i=0; i<tokens.length; i++) {
		this._priorValues[tokens[i]] = this._options.prior;
	}

	tokens = this._prefix.concat(tokens).concat(this._suffix); /* add boundary symbols */

	for (var i=this._options.order; i<tokens.length; i++) {
		var context = tokens.slice(i-this._options.order, i);
		var event = tokens[i];
		for (var j=0; j<context.length; j++) {
			var subcontext = context.slice(j);
			this._observeEvent(subcontext, event);
		}
	}
}

ROT.StringGenerator.prototype.getStats = function() {
	var parts = [];

	var priorCount = 0;
	for (var p in this._priorValues) { priorCount++; }
	priorCount--; /* boundary */
	parts.push("distinct samples: " + priorCount);

	var dataCount = 0;
	var eventCount = 0;
	for (var p in this._data) { 
		dataCount++; 
		for (var key in this._data[p]) {
			eventCount++;
		}
	}
	parts.push("dictionary size (contexts): " + dataCount);
	parts.push("dictionary size (events): " + eventCount);

	return parts.join(", ");
}

/**
 * @param {string}
 * @returns {string[]}
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._split = function(str) {
	return str.split(this._options.words ? /\s+/ : "");
}

/**
 * @param {string[]}
 * @returns {string} 
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._join = function(arr) {
	return arr.join(this._options.words ? " " : "");
}

/**
 * @param {string[]} context
 * @param {string} event
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._observeEvent = function(context, event) {
	var key = this._join(context);
	if (!(key in this._data)) { this._data[key] = {}; }
	var data = this._data[key];

	if (!(event in data)) { data[event] = 0; }
	data[event]++;
}

/**
 * @param {string[]}
 * @returns {string}
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._sample = function(context) {
	context = this._backoff(context);
	var key = this._join(context);
	var data = this._data[key];

	var available = {};

	if (this._options.prior) {
		for (var event in this._priorValues) { available[event] = this._priorValues[event]; }
		for (var event in data) { available[event] += data[event]; }
	} else { 
		available = data;
	}

	return this._pickRandom(available);
}

/**
 * @param {string[]}
 * @returns {string[]}
 */
ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._backoff = function(context) {
	if (context.length > this._options.order) {
		context = context.slice(-this._options.order);
	} else if (context.length < this._options.order) {
		context = this._prefix.slice(0, this._options.order - context.length).concat(context);
	}

	while (!(this._join(context) in this._data) && context.length > 0) { context = context.slice(1); }

	return context;
}


ROT.StringGenerator.prototype._pickRandom = function(data) {
	var total = 0;
	
	for (var id in data) {
		total += data[id];
	}
	var random = ROT.RNG.getUniform()*total;
	
	var part = 0;
	for (var id in data) {
		part += data[id];
		if (random < part) { return id; }
	}
}