Spaces:
Running
Running
File size: 8,970 Bytes
bca2d8f |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 |
import marimo
__generated_with = "0.11.0"
app = marimo.App(width="medium")
@app.cell
def _():
import marimo as mo
return (mo,)
@app.cell
def _(mo):
mo.md(
"""
# What is Polars?
[Polars](https://pola.rs/) is a blazingly fast, efficient, and user-friendly DataFrame library designed for data manipulation and analysis in Python. Built with performance in mind, Polars leverages the power of Rust under the hood, enabling it to handle large datasets with ease while maintaining a simple and intuitive API. Whether you're working with structured data, performing complex transformations, or analyzing massive datasets, Polars is designed to deliver exceptional speed and memory efficiency, often outperforming other popular DataFrame libraries like Pandas.
One of the standout features of Polars is its ability to perform operations in a parallelized and vectorized manner, making it ideal for modern data processing tasks. It supports a wide range of data types, advanced query optimizations, and seamless integration with other Python libraries, making it a versatile tool for data scientists, engineers, and analysts. Additionally, Polars provides a lazy API for deferred execution, allowing users to optimize their workflows by chaining operations and executing them in a single pass.
With its focus on speed, scalability, and ease of use, Polars is quickly becoming a go-to choice for data professionals looking to streamline their data processing pipelines and tackle large-scale data challenges. Whether you're analyzing gigabytes of data or performing real-time computations, Polars empowers you to work faster and smarter.
"""
)
return
@app.cell
def _(mo):
mo.md(
"""
# Why Polars?
Pandas has long been the go-to library for data manipulation and analysis in Python. However, as datasets grow larger and more complex, Pandas often struggles with performance and memory limitations. This is where Polars shines. Polars is a modern, high-performance DataFrame library designed to address the shortcomings of Pandas while providing a user-friendly experience.
Below, we’ll explore key reasons why Polars is a better choice in many scenarios, along with examples.
## (a) Easier Syntax Similar
Polars is designed with a syntax that is very similar to PySpark while being intuitive like SQL. This makes it easier for data professionals to transition to Polars without a steep learning curve. For example:
**Example: Filtering and Aggregating Data**
**In Pandas:**
```
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(
{
"Gender": ["Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male", "Female",
"Male", "Female", "Male", "Female"],
"Age": [13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31],
"Height_CM": [150, 170, 146.5, 142, 155, 165, 170.8, 130, 132.5, 162]
}
)
# query: average height of male and female after the age of 15 years
# step-1: filter
filtered_df = df[df["Age"] > 15]
# step-2: groupby and aggregation
result = filtered_df.groupby("Gender").mean()
```
**In Polars:**
```
import polars as pl
df = pd.DataFrame(
{
"Gender": ["Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male", "Female",
"Male", "Female", "Male", "Female"],
"Age": [13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31],
"Height_CM": [150, 170, 146.5, 142, 155, 165, 170.8, 130, 132.5, 162]
}
)
# query: average height of male and female after the age of 15 years
# filter, groupby and aggregation using method chaining
result = df_pl.filter(pl.col("Age") > 15).group_by("Gender").agg(pl.mean("Height_CM"))
```
Notice how Polars uses a *method-chaining* approach, similar to PySpark, which makes the code more readable and expressive while using a *single line* to design the query.
Additionally, Polars supports SQL-like operations *natively*, that allows you to write SQL queries directly on polars dataframe:
```
result = df.sql("SELECT Gender, AVG(Height_CM) FROM self WHERE Age > 15 GROUP BY Gender")
```
## (b) Scalability - Handling Large Datasets in Memory
Pandas is limited by its single-threaded design and reliance on Python, which makes it inefficient for processing large datasets. Polars, on the other hand, is built in Rust and optimized for parallel processing, enabling it to handle datasets that are orders of magnitude larger.
**Example: Processing a Large Dataset**
In Pandas, loading a large dataset (e.g., 10GB) often results in memory errors:
```
# This may fail with large datasets
df = pd.read_csv("large_dataset.csv")
```
In Polars, the same operation is seamless:
```
df = pl.read_csv("large_dataset.csv")
```
Polars also supports lazy evaluation, which allows you to optimize your workflows by deferring computations until necessary. This is particularly useful for large datasets:
```
df = pl.scan_csv("large_dataset.csv") # Lazy DataFrame
result = df.filter(pl.col("A") > 1).groupby("A").agg(pl.sum("B")).collect() # Execute
```
## (c) Compatibility with Other Machine Learning Libraries
Polars integrates seamlessly with popular machine learning libraries like Scikit-learn, PyTorch, and TensorFlow. Its ability to handle large datasets efficiently makes it an excellent choice for preprocessing data before feeding it into ML models.
**Example: Preprocessing Data for Scikit-learn**
```
import polars as pl
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
# Load and preprocess data
df = pl.read_csv("data.csv")
X = df.select(["feature1", "feature2"]).to_numpy()
y = df.select("target").to_numpy()
# Train a model
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X, y)
```
Polars also supports conversion to other formats like NumPy arrays and Pandas DataFrames, ensuring compatibility with virtually any ML library:
```
# Convert to Pandas DataFrame
pandas_df = df.to_pandas()
# Convert to NumPy array
numpy_array = df.to_numpy()
```
**(d) Additional Advantages of Polars**
- Rich Functionality: Polars supports advanced operations like window functions, joins, and nested data types, making it a versatile tool for data manipulation.
- Query Optimization: Polars is significantly faster than Pandas due to its parallelized and vectorized operations. Benchmarks often show Polars outperforming Pandas by 10x or more.
- Memory Efficiency: Polars uses memory more efficiently, reducing the risk of out-of-memory errors.
- Lazy API: The lazy evaluation API allows for query optimization and deferred execution, which is particularly useful for complex workflows.
"""
)
return
@app.cell
def _():
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(
{
"Gender": ["Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male", "Female",
"Male", "Female", "Male", "Female"],
"Age": [13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31],
"Height_CM": [150, 170, 146.5, 142, 155, 165, 170.8, 130, 132.5, 162]
}
)
# query: average height of male and female after the age of 15 years
filtered_df = df[df["Age"] > 15]
result = filtered_df.groupby("Gender").mean()["Height_CM"]
result
return df, filtered_df, pd, result
@app.cell
def _():
import polars as pl
return (pl,)
@app.cell
def _(pl):
df_pl = pl.DataFrame(
{
"Gender": ["Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male", "Female",
"Male", "Female", "Male", "Female"],
"Age": [13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31],
"Height_CM": [150.0, 170.0, 146.5, 142.0, 155.0, 165.0, 170.8, 130.0, 132.5, 162.0]
}
)
# df_pl
# query: average height of male and female after the age of 15 years
result_pl = df_pl.filter(pl.col("Age") > 15).group_by("Gender").agg(pl.mean("Height_CM"))
result_pl
return df_pl, result_pl
@app.cell
def _(df_pl):
df_pl.sql("SELECT Gender, AVG(Height_CM) FROM self WHERE Age > 15 GROUP BY Gender")
return
@app.cell
def _(mo):
mo.md(
"""
# 🔖 References
- [Polars official website](https://pola.rs/)
- [Polars Vs. Pandas](https://blog.jetbrains.com/pycharm/2024/07/polars-vs-pandas/)
"""
)
return
@app.cell
def _():
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
|