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describe('jsonPath', function(){
  
   describe('compiles valid syntax while rejecting invalid', function() {

      it("compiles a basic pattern without throwing", function(){
      
         expect(compiling('!')).not.toThrow();
       
      });
      
      describe("syntactically invalid patterns", function() {
      
         it("fail on single invalid token", function(){
         
            expect(compiling('/')).toThrow();
         });
         
         it("fail on invalid pattern with some valid tokens", function(){
         
            expect(compiling('foo/')).toThrow();
         });
         
         it("fail on unclosed duck clause", function(){
         
            expect(compiling('{foo')).toThrow();
         });
         
         it("fail on token with capture alone", function(){
         
            expect(compiling('foo$')).toThrow();
         });         
      });                   
      
   });   
   
   describe('patterns match correct paths', function() {
        
      describe('when pattern has only bang', function() {
         it("should match root", function(){
            
            expect('!').toMatchPath([]);         
         });
         
         it("should miss non-root", function(){
            
            expect('!').not.toMatchPath(['a']);
            expect('!').not.toMatchPath(['a', 'b']);
         
         });
      });
      
      it('should match * universally', function() {
         expect('*').toMatchPath(            []          );
         expect('*').toMatchPath(            ['a']       );
         expect('*').toMatchPath(            ['a', 2]    );
         expect('*').toMatchPath(            ['a','b']   );
      });
      
      it('should match empty pattern universally', function() {
         expect('').toMatchPath(             []          );
         expect('').toMatchPath(             ['a']       );
         expect('').toMatchPath(             ['a', 2]    );
         expect('').toMatchPath(             ['a','b']   );
      });      
      
      it('should match !.* against any top-level path node', function() {
         
         expect('!.*').toMatchPath(          ['foo'])      
         expect('!.*').toMatchPath(          ['bar'])            
         expect('!.*').not.toMatchPath(      [])
         expect('!.*').not.toMatchPath(      ['foo', 'bar'])      
      }); 
      
      it('should match !..* against anything but the root', function() {
         
         expect('!..*').not.toMatchPath(     []          );
         expect('!..*').toMatchPath(         ['a']       );
         expect('!..*').toMatchPath(         ['a','b']   );      
      });
      
      it('should match *..* against anything except the root since it requires a decendant ' +
          'which the root will never satisfy because it cannot have an ancestor', function() {
          
         expect('*..*').not.toMatchPath(     []          );
         expect('*..*').toMatchPath(         ['a']       );
         expect('*..*').toMatchPath(         ['a','b']   );

      });
      
      it('should match !.foo against foo node at first level only', function(){
         
         expect('!.foo').toMatchPath(        ['foo']     );      
         expect('!.foo').not.toMatchPath(    []          );
         expect('!.foo').not.toMatchPath(    ['foo', 'bar']);
         expect('!.foo').not.toMatchPath(    ['bar']     );      
      });
      
      it('should match !.foo.bar against paths with foo as first node and bar as second', function() {
                
         expect('!.a.b').toMatchPath(        ['a', 'b'])      
         expect('!.a.b').not.toMatchPath(    [])            
         expect('!.a.b').not.toMatchPath(    ['a'])
      });
      
      it('should match !..foo against any path ending in foo', function(){
         
         expect('!..foo').not.toMatchPath(   []);         
         expect('!..foo').toMatchPath(       ['foo']);      
         expect('!..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo']);
         expect('!..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'a']);            
         expect('!..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'foo']);
         expect('!..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'foo']);
         expect('!..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'foot']);            
         expect('!..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo', 'a']);      
      });
      
      it('should match ..foo like !..foo', function() {
         expect('..foo').not.toMatchPath(   []);         
         expect('..foo').toMatchPath(       ['foo']);      
         expect('..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo']);
         expect('..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'a']);            
         expect('..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'foo']);
         expect('..foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'foo']);
         expect('..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'foot']);            
         expect('..foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo', 'a']);      
      });
      
      it('should match foo like !..foo or ..foo', function() {
         expect('foo').not.toMatchPath(   []);         
         expect('foo').toMatchPath(       ['foo']);      
         expect('foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo']);
         expect('foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'a']);            
         expect('foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'foo']);
         expect('foo').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'foo']);
         expect('foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'foot']);            
         expect('foo').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo', 'a']);      
      });      
      
      it('is not fooled by substrings in path nodes', function(){
         expect('!.foo').not.toMatchPath(    ['foot'])
      });
      
      it('matches !..foo.bar against bars which are direct children of a foo anywhere in the document', function() {
         
         expect('!..foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   []);         
         expect('!..foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['foo']);      
         expect('!..foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo']);
         expect('!..foo.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'bar']);            
         expect('!..foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo']);
         expect('!..foo.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar']);
         expect('!..foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'a']);      
      }); 
      
      it('matches foo.bar like !..foo.bar', function() {
         
         expect('foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   [])         
         expect('foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['foo'])      
         expect('foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo'])
         expect('foo.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'bar'])            
         expect('foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo'])
         expect('foo.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar'])
         expect('foo.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'a'])      
      });
      
      it('matches !..foo.*.bar only if there is an intermediate node between foo and bar', function(){
         
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   [])         
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['foo'])      
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo'])
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'bar'])            
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'foo', 'a', 'bar'])            
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'foo', 'foo'])
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar'])
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').toMatchPath(       ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'a', 'bar'])
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'a'])
         expect('!..foo.*.bar').not.toMatchPath(   ['a', 'a', 'a', 'foo', 'a', 'bar', 'a'])      
      });

      describe('with numeric path nodes in the pattern', function() {
      
         it('should be able to handle numeric nodes in object notation', function(){
            
            expect('!.a.2').toMatchPath(       ['a', 2])      
            expect('!.a.2').toMatchPath(       ['a', '2'])      
            expect('!.a.2').not.toMatchPath(    [])            
            expect('!.a.2').not.toMatchPath(    ['a'])         
         });
      
         it('should be able to handle numberic nodes in array notation', function(){
            
            expect('!.a[2]').toMatchPath(       ['a', 2])      
            expect('!.a[2]').toMatchPath(       ['a', '2'])      
            expect('!.a[2]').not.toMatchPath(    [])            
            expect('!.a[2]').not.toMatchPath(    ['a'])
         });                       
      });
      
      describe('with array notation', function() {
      
         it('should handle adjacent array notations', function(){
             
            expect('!["a"][2]').toMatchPath(       ['a', 2])      
            expect('!["a"][2]').toMatchPath(       ['a', '2'])      
            expect('!["a"][2]').not.toMatchPath(    [])            
            expect('!["a"][2]').not.toMatchPath(    ['a'])         
         });
         
         it('should allow to specify child of root', function(){
            
            expect('![2]').toMatchPath(       [2])      
            expect('![2]').toMatchPath(       ['2'])      
            expect('![2]').not.toMatchPath(    [])            
            expect('![2]').not.toMatchPath(    ['a'])         
         }); 
         
         it('should be allowed to contain a star', function(){
            
            expect('![*]').toMatchPath(       [2])      
            expect('![*]').toMatchPath(       ['2'])      
            expect('![*]').toMatchPath(       ['a'])            
            expect('![*]').not.toMatchPath(    [])         
         });
      
      });

      describe('composition of several tokens into complex patterns', function() {
      
         it('should be able to handle more than one double dot', function() {
            expect('!..foods..fr')
               .toMatchPath( ['foods', 2, 'name', 'fr']);
         });
      
         it('should be able to match ..* or ..[*] as if it were * because .. matches zero nodes', function(){
         
            expect('!..*.bar')         
               .toMatchPath(['anything', 'bar']);
               
            expect('!..[*].bar')         
                .toMatchPath(['anything', 'bar']);               
         });
                                     
      });
         
      
      describe('using css4-style syntax', function() {
      
            
         it('returns deepest node when no css4-style syntax is used', function(){
                        
            expect( matchOf( 'l2.*' ).against( 
            
                ascentFrom({ l1:       {l2:      {l3:'leaf'}}})                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode('leaf');  
            
         });
      
         it('returns correct named node', function(){

            expect( matchOf( '$l2.*' ).against( 
            
                ascentFrom({ l1:       {l2:      {l3:'leaf'}}})                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({l3:'leaf'});
                  
         });

         it('returns correct node when css4-style pattern is followed by double dot', function() {
            
              expect( matchOf( '!..$foo..bar' ).against( 
              
                  ascentFrom({ l1:       {foo:      {l3:    {bar:    'leaf'}}}})                    
               
              )).toSpecifyNode({l3:    {bar:    'leaf'}});         
                           
         });
         
         it('can match children of root while capturing the root', function() {
         
            expect( matchOf( '$!.*' ).against( 
            
                ascentFrom({ l1: 'leaf' })                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({ l1: 'leaf' });         
                  
         });
         
         it('returns captured node with array notation', function() {
         
            expect( matchOf( '$["l1"].l2' ).against( 
                        
                ascentFrom({ l1: {l2:'leaf'} })                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({ l2: 'leaf' });
         
         });
         
         it('returns captured node with array numbered notation', function() {
         
            expect( matchOf( '$["2"].l2' ).against( 
                        
                ascentFrom({ '2': {l2:'leaf'} })                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({ l2: 'leaf' });         
         
         });
         
         it('returns captured node with star notation', function() {
         
            expect( matchOf( '!..$*.l3' ).against( 
                        
                ascentFrom({ l1: {l2:{l3:'leaf'}} })                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({ l3: 'leaf' });
                     
         });
         
         it('returns captured node with array star notation', function(){

            expect( matchOf( '!..$[*].l3' ).against( 
                        
                ascentFrom({ l1: {l2:{l3:'leaf'}} })                    
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({ l3: 'leaf' });
                     
         });              
      });
      
      describe('with duck matching', function() {
      
         it('can do basic ducking', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               people:{                           
                  jack:{                               
                     name:  'Jack'
                  ,  email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               }
            };         
         
            expect( matchOf( '{name email}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                   [          'people',          'jack'                 ], 
                   [rootJson, rootJson.people,   rootJson.people.jack   ]
               )
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});
         
         });

         it('can duck on two levels of a path', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               people:{                           
                  jack:{                               
                     name:  'Jack'
                  ,  email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               }
            };    
            
            expect( matchOf( '{people}.{jack}.{name email}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                   [          'people',          'jack'                 ], 
                   [rootJson, rootJson.people,   rootJson.people.jack   ]
               )
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});                                    
         });
         
         it('fails if one duck is unsatisfied', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               people:{                           
                  jack:{                               
                     name:  'Jack'
                  ,  email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               }
            };    
            
            expect( matchOf( '{people}.{alberto}.{name email}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                   [          'people',          'jack'                 ], 
                   [rootJson, rootJson.people,   rootJson.people.jack   ]
               )
             
            )).not.toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});                                    
         });
         
         
         it('can construct the root duck type', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               people:{                           
                  jack:{                               
                     name:  'Jack'
                  ,  email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               }
            };    
            
            expect( matchOf( '{}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                   [          'people',          'jack'                 ], 
                   [rootJson, rootJson.people,   rootJson.people.jack   ]
               )
             
            )).toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});
                             
         });              
      
         it('does not match if not all fields are there', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               people:{                           
                  jack:{
                     // no name here!
                     email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               }
            };    
            
            expect( matchOf( '{name email}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                   [          'people',          'jack'                 ], 
                   [rootJson, rootJson.people,   rootJson.people.jack   ]
               )
             
            )).not.toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});         
         
         });
         
         it('fails if something upstream fails', function(){
         
            var rootJson = {  
               women:{                           
                  betty:{
                     name:'Betty' 
                  ,  email: '[email protected]'
                  }
               },
               men:{
                  // we don't have no menz!
               }
            };    
            
            expect( matchOf( 'men.{name email}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                  [          'women',          'betty'                 ], 
                  [rootJson, rootJson.women,   rootJson.women.betty    ]
               )
             
            )).not.toSpecifyNode({name:  'Jack',  email: '[email protected]'});         
         
         });
         
         it('does not crash given ascent starting from non-objects', function(){
         
            var rootJson = [ 1, 2, 3 ];    
                           
            expect( function(){ matchOf( '{spin taste}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                  [         '0'           ], 
                  [rootJson, rootJson[0]  ]
               )
             
            )}).not.toThrow();
         
         });
         
         it('does not match when given non-object', function(){

            var rootJson = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
         
            expect( matchOf( '{spin taste}' ).against( 
                                               
               asAscent(
                  [         '0'           ], 
                  [rootJson, rootJson[0]  ]
               )
             
            )).toBeFalsy();         
         
         });
                        
      });
   });

   beforeEach(function(){
            
      this.addMatchers({
         toSpecifyNode: function( expectedNode ){
   
            function jsonSame(a,b) {
               return JSON.stringify(a) == JSON.stringify(b);
            }
         
            var match = this.actual;
            
            var notClause = this.isNot? ' any node except ' : 'node';
            
            this.message = function () {
              return "Expected " + notClause + ' ' + JSON.stringify(expectedNode) + " but got " +
                        (match.node? JSON.stringify(match.node) : 'no match');
            }               
                           
            return jsonSame( expectedNode, match.node );
         }
      
      ,  toMatchPath:function( pathStack ) {

            var pattern = this.actual;            
            
            try{                  
               return !!matchOf(pattern).against(asAscent(pathStack));
            } catch( e ) {
               this.message = function(){
                  return 'Error thrown running pattern "' + pattern + 
                         '" against path [' + pathStack.join(',') + ']' + "\n" + (e.stack || e.message) 
               };
               return false;      
            } 
         }                        
      });   
   });

   function compiling(pattern) {
      return function(){
         jsonPathCompiler(pattern);
      }
   }
   
   function matchOf(pattern) {
      var compiledPattern = jsonPathCompiler(pattern);
   
      return {
         against:function(ascent) {
         
            return compiledPattern(ascent);
         }
      };
   }
   
  
   // for the given pattern, return an array of empty objects of the one greater length to
   // stand in for the nodestack in the cases where we only care about match or not match.
   // one greater because the root node doesnt have a name
   function fakeNodeStack(path){
   
      var rtn = path.map(function(){return {}});
      
      rtn.unshift({iAm:'root'});
      return rtn;      
   }
   
   
   function asAscent(pathStack, nodeStack){
   
      // first, make a defensive copy of the vars so that we can mutate them at will:
      pathStack = pathStack && JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(pathStack));
      nodeStack = nodeStack && JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(nodeStack));      
   
      // change the two parameters into the test from  arrays (which are easy to write as in-line js) to
      // lists (which is what the code under test needs) 
   
      nodeStack = nodeStack || fakeNodeStack(pathStack);
      
      pathStack.unshift(ROOT_PATH);
      
      // NB: can't use the more functional Array.prototype.reduce here, IE8 doesn't have it and might not 
      // be polyfilled
      
      var ascent = emptyList;

      for (var i = 0; i < pathStack.length; i++) {
         
         var mapping = {key: pathStack[i], node:nodeStack[i]};
                        
         ascent = cons( mapping, ascent );
      }
      
      return ascent;      
   }
   
          
});