File size: 41,888 Bytes
1d777c4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- Created on July, 26 2020 by texi2html 1.78a -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <[email protected]> (original author)
            Karl Berry  <[email protected]>
            Olaf Bachmann <[email protected]>
            and many others.
Maintained by: Many creative people.
Send bugs and suggestions to <[email protected]>

-->
<head>
<title>GNU gettext utilities: GNU gettext utilities</title>

<meta name="description" content="GNU gettext utilities: GNU gettext utilities">
<meta name="keywords" content="GNU gettext utilities: GNU gettext utilities">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.78a">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
pre.display {font-family: serif}
pre.format {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal;}
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;}
ul.toc {list-style: none}
-->
</style>


</head>

<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">

<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC387" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h1 class="settitle">GNU <code>gettext</code> utilities</h1>
<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<div class="contents">

<ul class="toc">
  <li><a name="TOC1" href="gettext_1.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC2" href="gettext_1.html#SEC2">1.1 The Purpose of GNU <code>gettext</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC3" href="gettext_1.html#SEC3">1.2 I18n, L10n, and Such</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC4" href="gettext_1.html#SEC4">1.3 Aspects in Native Language Support</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC5" href="gettext_1.html#SEC5">1.4 Files Conveying Translations</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC6" href="gettext_1.html#SEC6">1.5 Overview of GNU <code>gettext</code></a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC7" href="gettext_2.html#SEC7">2. The User's View</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC8" href="gettext_2.html#SEC8">2.1 Operating System Installation</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC9" href="gettext_2.html#SEC9">2.2 Setting the Locale Used by GUI Programs</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC10" href="gettext_2.html#SEC10">2.3 Setting the Locale through Environment Variables</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC11" href="gettext_2.html#SEC11">2.3.1 Locale Names</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC12" href="gettext_2.html#SEC12">2.3.2 Locale Environment Variables</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC13" href="gettext_2.html#SEC13">2.3.3 Specifying a Priority List of Languages</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC14" href="gettext_2.html#SEC14">2.4 Obtaining good output in a Windows console</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC15" href="gettext_2.html#SEC15">2.5 Installing Translations for Particular Programs</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC16" href="gettext_3.html#SEC16">3. The Format of PO Files</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC17" href="gettext_4.html#SEC17">4. Preparing Program Sources</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC18" href="gettext_4.html#SEC18">4.1 Importing the <code>gettext</code> declaration</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC19" href="gettext_4.html#SEC19">4.2 Triggering <code>gettext</code> Operations</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC20" href="gettext_4.html#SEC20">4.3 Preparing Translatable Strings</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC21" href="gettext_4.html#SEC27">4.4 How Marks Appear in Sources</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC22" href="gettext_4.html#SEC28">4.5 Marking Translatable Strings</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC23" href="gettext_4.html#SEC29">4.6 Special Comments preceding Keywords</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC24" href="gettext_4.html#SEC30">4.7 Special Cases of Translatable Strings</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC25" href="gettext_4.html#SEC31">4.8 Letting Users Report Translation Bugs</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC26" href="gettext_4.html#SEC32">4.9 Marking Proper Names for Translation</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC27" href="gettext_4.html#SEC33">4.10 Preparing Library Sources</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC28" href="gettext_5.html#SEC34">5. Making the PO Template File</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC29" href="gettext_5.html#SEC35">5.1 Invoking the <code>xgettext</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC30" href="gettext_5.html#SEC36">5.1.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC31" href="gettext_5.html#SEC37">5.1.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC32" href="gettext_5.html#SEC38">5.1.3 Choice of input file language</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC33" href="gettext_5.html#SEC39">5.1.4 Input file interpretation</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC34" href="gettext_5.html#SEC40">5.1.5 Operation mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC35" href="gettext_5.html#SEC41">5.1.6 Language specific options</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC36" href="gettext_5.html#SEC42">5.1.7 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC37" href="gettext_5.html#SEC43">5.1.8 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC38" href="gettext_6.html#SEC44">6. Creating a New PO File</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC39" href="gettext_6.html#SEC45">6.1 Invoking the <code>msginit</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC40" href="gettext_6.html#SEC46">6.1.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC41" href="gettext_6.html#SEC47">6.1.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC42" href="gettext_6.html#SEC48">6.1.3 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC43" href="gettext_6.html#SEC49">6.1.4 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC44" href="gettext_6.html#SEC50">6.1.5 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC45" href="gettext_6.html#SEC51">6.2 Filling in the Header Entry</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC46" href="gettext_7.html#SEC52">7. Updating Existing PO Files</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC47" href="gettext_7.html#SEC53">7.1 Invoking the <code>msgmerge</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC48" href="gettext_7.html#SEC54">7.1.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC49" href="gettext_7.html#SEC55">7.1.2 Operation mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC50" href="gettext_7.html#SEC56">7.1.3 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC51" href="gettext_7.html#SEC57">7.1.4 Output file location in update mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC52" href="gettext_7.html#SEC58">7.1.5 Operation modifiers</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC53" href="gettext_7.html#SEC59">7.1.6 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC54" href="gettext_7.html#SEC60">7.1.7 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC55" href="gettext_7.html#SEC61">7.1.8 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC56" href="gettext_8.html#SEC62">8. Editing PO Files</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC57" href="gettext_8.html#SEC63">8.1 KDE's PO File Editor</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC58" href="gettext_8.html#SEC64">8.2 GNOME's PO File Editor</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC59" href="gettext_8.html#SEC65">8.3 Emacs's PO File Editor</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC60" href="gettext_8.html#SEC66">8.3.1 Completing GNU <code>gettext</code> Installation</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC61" href="gettext_8.html#SEC67">8.3.2 Main PO mode Commands</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC62" href="gettext_8.html#SEC68">8.3.3 Entry Positioning</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC63" href="gettext_8.html#SEC69">8.3.4 Normalizing Strings in Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC64" href="gettext_8.html#SEC70">8.3.5 Translated Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC65" href="gettext_8.html#SEC71">8.3.6 Fuzzy Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC66" href="gettext_8.html#SEC72">8.3.7 Untranslated Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC67" href="gettext_8.html#SEC73">8.3.8 Obsolete Entries</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC68" href="gettext_8.html#SEC74">8.3.9 Modifying Translations</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC69" href="gettext_8.html#SEC75">8.3.10 Modifying Comments</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC70" href="gettext_8.html#SEC76">8.3.11 Details of Sub Edition</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC71" href="gettext_8.html#SEC77">8.3.12 C Sources Context</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC72" href="gettext_8.html#SEC78">8.3.13 Consulting Auxiliary PO Files</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC73" href="gettext_8.html#SEC79">8.4 Using Translation Compendia</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC74" href="gettext_8.html#SEC80">8.4.1 Creating Compendia</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC75" href="gettext_8.html#SEC81">8.4.1.1 Concatenate PO Files</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC76" href="gettext_8.html#SEC82">8.4.1.2 Extract a Message Subset from a PO File</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC77" href="gettext_8.html#SEC83">8.4.2 Using Compendia</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC78" href="gettext_8.html#SEC84">8.4.2.1 Initialize a New Translation File</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC79" href="gettext_8.html#SEC85">8.4.2.2 Update an Existing Translation File</a></li>
      </ul>
</li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC80" href="gettext_9.html#SEC86">9. Manipulating PO Files</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC81" href="gettext_9.html#SEC87">9.1 Invoking the <code>msgcat</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC82" href="gettext_9.html#SEC88">9.1.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC83" href="gettext_9.html#SEC89">9.1.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC84" href="gettext_9.html#SEC90">9.1.3 Message selection</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC85" href="gettext_9.html#SEC91">9.1.4 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC86" href="gettext_9.html#SEC92">9.1.5 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC87" href="gettext_9.html#SEC93">9.1.6 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC88" href="gettext_9.html#SEC94">9.2 Invoking the <code>msgconv</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC89" href="gettext_9.html#SEC95">9.2.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC90" href="gettext_9.html#SEC96">9.2.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC91" href="gettext_9.html#SEC97">9.2.3 Conversion target</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC92" href="gettext_9.html#SEC98">9.2.4 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC93" href="gettext_9.html#SEC99">9.2.5 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC94" href="gettext_9.html#SEC100">9.2.6 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC95" href="gettext_9.html#SEC101">9.3 Invoking the <code>msggrep</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC96" href="gettext_9.html#SEC102">9.3.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC97" href="gettext_9.html#SEC103">9.3.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC98" href="gettext_9.html#SEC104">9.3.3 Message selection</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC99" href="gettext_9.html#SEC105">9.3.4 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC100" href="gettext_9.html#SEC106">9.3.5 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC101" href="gettext_9.html#SEC107">9.3.6 Informative output</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC102" href="gettext_9.html#SEC108">9.3.7 Examples</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC103" href="gettext_9.html#SEC109">9.4 Invoking the <code>msgfilter</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC104" href="gettext_9.html#SEC110">9.4.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC105" href="gettext_9.html#SEC111">9.4.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC106" href="gettext_9.html#SEC112">9.4.3 The filter</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC107" href="gettext_9.html#SEC113">9.4.4 Useful <var>filter-option</var>s when the <var>filter</var> is &lsquo;<samp>sed</samp>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC108" href="gettext_9.html#SEC114">9.4.5 Built-in <var>filter</var>s</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC109" href="gettext_9.html#SEC115">9.4.6 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC110" href="gettext_9.html#SEC116">9.4.7 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC111" href="gettext_9.html#SEC117">9.4.8 Informative output</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC112" href="gettext_9.html#SEC118">9.4.9 Examples</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC113" href="gettext_9.html#SEC119">9.5 Invoking the <code>msguniq</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC114" href="gettext_9.html#SEC120">9.5.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC115" href="gettext_9.html#SEC121">9.5.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC116" href="gettext_9.html#SEC122">9.5.3 Message selection</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC117" href="gettext_9.html#SEC123">9.5.4 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC118" href="gettext_9.html#SEC124">9.5.5 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC119" href="gettext_9.html#SEC125">9.5.6 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC120" href="gettext_9.html#SEC126">9.6 Invoking the <code>msgcomm</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC121" href="gettext_9.html#SEC127">9.6.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC122" href="gettext_9.html#SEC128">9.6.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC123" href="gettext_9.html#SEC129">9.6.3 Message selection</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC124" href="gettext_9.html#SEC130">9.6.4 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC125" href="gettext_9.html#SEC131">9.6.5 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC126" href="gettext_9.html#SEC132">9.6.6 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC127" href="gettext_9.html#SEC133">9.7 Invoking the <code>msgcmp</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC128" href="gettext_9.html#SEC134">9.7.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC129" href="gettext_9.html#SEC135">9.7.2 Operation modifiers</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC130" href="gettext_9.html#SEC136">9.7.3 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC131" href="gettext_9.html#SEC137">9.7.4 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC132" href="gettext_9.html#SEC138">9.8 Invoking the <code>msgattrib</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC133" href="gettext_9.html#SEC139">9.8.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC134" href="gettext_9.html#SEC140">9.8.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC135" href="gettext_9.html#SEC141">9.8.3 Message selection</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC136" href="gettext_9.html#SEC142">9.8.4 Attribute manipulation</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC137" href="gettext_9.html#SEC143">9.8.5 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC138" href="gettext_9.html#SEC144">9.8.6 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC139" href="gettext_9.html#SEC145">9.8.7 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC140" href="gettext_9.html#SEC146">9.9 Invoking the <code>msgen</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC141" href="gettext_9.html#SEC147">9.9.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC142" href="gettext_9.html#SEC148">9.9.2 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC143" href="gettext_9.html#SEC149">9.9.3 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC144" href="gettext_9.html#SEC150">9.9.4 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC145" href="gettext_9.html#SEC151">9.9.5 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC146" href="gettext_9.html#SEC152">9.10 Invoking the <code>msgexec</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC147" href="gettext_9.html#SEC153">9.10.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC148" href="gettext_9.html#SEC154">9.10.2 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC149" href="gettext_9.html#SEC155">9.10.3 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC150" href="gettext_9.html#SEC156">9.11 Highlighting parts of PO files</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC151" href="gettext_9.html#SEC157">9.11.1 The <code>--color</code> option</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC152" href="gettext_9.html#SEC158">9.11.2 The environment variable <code>TERM</code></a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC153" href="gettext_9.html#SEC159">9.11.3 The <code>--style</code> option</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC154" href="gettext_9.html#SEC160">9.11.4 Style rules for PO files</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC155" href="gettext_9.html#SEC161">9.11.5 Customizing <code>less</code> for viewing PO files</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC156" href="gettext_9.html#SEC162">9.12 Other tools for manipulating PO files</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC157" href="gettext_9.html#SEC163">9.13 Writing your own programs that process PO files</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC158" href="gettext_9.html#SEC164">9.13.1 Error Handling</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC159" href="gettext_9.html#SEC165">9.13.2 po_file_t API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC160" href="gettext_9.html#SEC166">9.13.3 po_message_iterator_t API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC161" href="gettext_9.html#SEC167">9.13.4 po_message_t API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC162" href="gettext_9.html#SEC168">9.13.5 PO Header Entry API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC163" href="gettext_9.html#SEC169">9.13.6 po_filepos_t API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC164" href="gettext_9.html#SEC170">9.13.7 Format Type API</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC165" href="gettext_9.html#SEC171">9.13.8 Checking API</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC166" href="gettext_10.html#SEC172">10. Producing Binary MO Files</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC167" href="gettext_10.html#SEC173">10.1 Invoking the <code>msgfmt</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC168" href="gettext_10.html#SEC174">10.1.1 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC169" href="gettext_10.html#SEC175">10.1.2 Operation mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC170" href="gettext_10.html#SEC176">10.1.3 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC171" href="gettext_10.html#SEC177">10.1.4 Output file location in Java mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC172" href="gettext_10.html#SEC178">10.1.5 Output file location in C# mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC173" href="gettext_10.html#SEC179">10.1.6 Output file location in Tcl mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC174" href="gettext_10.html#SEC180">10.1.7 Desktop Entry mode operations</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC175" href="gettext_10.html#SEC181">10.1.8 XML mode operations</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC176" href="gettext_10.html#SEC182">10.1.9 Input file syntax</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC177" href="gettext_10.html#SEC183">10.1.10 Input file interpretation</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC178" href="gettext_10.html#SEC184">10.1.11 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC179" href="gettext_10.html#SEC185">10.1.12 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC180" href="gettext_10.html#SEC186">10.2 Invoking the <code>msgunfmt</code> Program</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC181" href="gettext_10.html#SEC187">10.2.1 Operation mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC182" href="gettext_10.html#SEC188">10.2.2 Input file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC183" href="gettext_10.html#SEC189">10.2.3 Input file location in Java mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC184" href="gettext_10.html#SEC190">10.2.4 Input file location in C# mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC185" href="gettext_10.html#SEC191">10.2.5 Input file location in Tcl mode</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC186" href="gettext_10.html#SEC192">10.2.6 Output file location</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC187" href="gettext_10.html#SEC193">10.2.7 Output details</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC188" href="gettext_10.html#SEC194">10.2.8 Informative output</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC189" href="gettext_10.html#SEC195">10.3 The Format of GNU MO Files</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC190" href="gettext_11.html#SEC196">11. The Programmer's View</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC191" href="gettext_11.html#SEC197">11.1 About <code>catgets</code></a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC192" href="gettext_11.html#SEC198">11.1.1 The Interface</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC193" href="gettext_11.html#SEC199">11.1.2 Problems with the <code>catgets</code> Interface?!</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC194" href="gettext_11.html#SEC200">11.2 About <code>gettext</code></a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC195" href="gettext_11.html#SEC201">11.2.1 The Interface</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC196" href="gettext_11.html#SEC202">11.2.2 Solving Ambiguities</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC197" href="gettext_11.html#SEC203">11.2.3 Locating Message Catalog Files</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC198" href="gettext_11.html#SEC204">11.2.4 How to specify the output character set <code>gettext</code> uses</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC199" href="gettext_11.html#SEC205">11.2.5 Using contexts for solving ambiguities</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC200" href="gettext_11.html#SEC206">11.2.6 Additional functions for plural forms</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC201" href="gettext_11.html#SEC207">11.2.7 Optimization of the *gettext functions</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC202" href="gettext_11.html#SEC208">11.3 Comparing the Two Interfaces</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC203" href="gettext_11.html#SEC209">11.4 Using libintl.a in own programs</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC204" href="gettext_11.html#SEC210">11.5 Being a <code>gettext</code> grok</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC205" href="gettext_11.html#SEC211">11.6 Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC206" href="gettext_11.html#SEC212">11.6.1 Temporary - Two Possible Implementations</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC207" href="gettext_11.html#SEC213">11.6.2 Temporary - About <code>catgets</code></a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC208" href="gettext_11.html#SEC214">11.6.3 Temporary - Why a single implementation</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC209" href="gettext_11.html#SEC215">11.6.4 Temporary - Notes</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC210" href="gettext_12.html#SEC216">12. The Translator's View</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC211" href="gettext_12.html#SEC217">12.1 Introduction 0</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC212" href="gettext_12.html#SEC218">12.2 Introduction 1</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC213" href="gettext_12.html#SEC219">12.3 Discussions</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC214" href="gettext_12.html#SEC220">12.4 Organization</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC215" href="gettext_12.html#SEC221">12.4.1 Central Coordination</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC216" href="gettext_12.html#SEC222">12.4.2 National Teams</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC217" href="gettext_12.html#SEC223">12.4.2.1 Sub-Cultures</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC218" href="gettext_12.html#SEC224">12.4.2.2 Organizational Ideas</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC219" href="gettext_12.html#SEC225">12.4.3 Mailing Lists</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC220" href="gettext_12.html#SEC226">12.5 Information Flow</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC221" href="gettext_12.html#SEC227">12.6 Translating plural forms</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC222" href="gettext_12.html#SEC228">12.7 Prioritizing messages: How to determine which messages to translate first</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC223" href="gettext_13.html#SEC229">13. The Maintainer's View</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC224" href="gettext_13.html#SEC230">13.1 Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC225" href="gettext_13.html#SEC231">13.2 Prerequisite Works</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC226" href="gettext_13.html#SEC232">13.3 Invoking the <code>gettextize</code> Program</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC227" href="gettext_13.html#SEC233">13.4 Files You Must Create or Alter</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC228" href="gettext_13.html#SEC234">13.4.1 &lsquo;<tt>POTFILES.in</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>po/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC229" href="gettext_13.html#SEC235">13.4.2 &lsquo;<tt>LINGUAS</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>po/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC230" href="gettext_13.html#SEC236">13.4.3 &lsquo;<tt>Makevars</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>po/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC231" href="gettext_13.html#SEC237">13.4.4 Extending &lsquo;<tt>Makefile</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>po/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC232" href="gettext_13.html#SEC238">13.4.5 &lsquo;<tt>configure.ac</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC233" href="gettext_13.html#SEC239">13.4.6 &lsquo;<tt>config.guess</tt>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<tt>config.sub</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC234" href="gettext_13.html#SEC240">13.4.7 &lsquo;<tt>mkinstalldirs</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC235" href="gettext_13.html#SEC241">13.4.8 &lsquo;<tt>aclocal.m4</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC236" href="gettext_13.html#SEC242">13.4.9 &lsquo;<tt>config.h.in</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC237" href="gettext_13.html#SEC243">13.4.10 &lsquo;<tt>Makefile.in</tt>&rsquo; at top level</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC238" href="gettext_13.html#SEC244">13.4.11 &lsquo;<tt>Makefile.in</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>src/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC239" href="gettext_13.html#SEC245">13.4.12 &lsquo;<tt>gettext.h</tt>&rsquo; in &lsquo;<tt>lib/</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC240" href="gettext_13.html#SEC246">13.5 Autoconf macros for use in &lsquo;<tt>configure.ac</tt>&rsquo;</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC241" href="gettext_13.html#SEC247">13.5.1 AM_GNU_GETTEXT in &lsquo;<tt>gettext.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC242" href="gettext_13.html#SEC248">13.5.2 AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION in &lsquo;<tt>gettext.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC243" href="gettext_13.html#SEC249">13.5.3 AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED in &lsquo;<tt>gettext.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC244" href="gettext_13.html#SEC250">13.5.4 AM_PO_SUBDIRS in &lsquo;<tt>po.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC245" href="gettext_13.html#SEC251">13.5.5 AM_XGETTEXT_OPTION in &lsquo;<tt>po.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC246" href="gettext_13.html#SEC252">13.5.6 AM_ICONV in &lsquo;<tt>iconv.m4</tt>&rsquo;</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC247" href="gettext_13.html#SEC253">13.6 Integrating with Version Control Systems</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC248" href="gettext_13.html#SEC254">13.6.1 Avoiding version mismatch in distributed development</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC249" href="gettext_13.html#SEC255">13.6.2 Files to put under version control</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC250" href="gettext_13.html#SEC256">13.6.3 Put PO Files under Version Control</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC251" href="gettext_13.html#SEC257">13.6.4 Invoking the <code>autopoint</code> Program</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC252" href="gettext_13.html#SEC258">13.6.4.1 Options</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC253" href="gettext_13.html#SEC259">13.6.4.2 Informative output</a></li>
      </ul>
</li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC254" href="gettext_13.html#SEC260">13.7 Creating a Distribution Tarball</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC255" href="gettext_14.html#SEC261">14. The Installer's and Distributor's View</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC256" href="gettext_15.html#SEC262">15. Other Programming Languages</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC257" href="gettext_15.html#SEC263">15.1 The Language Implementor's View</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC258" href="gettext_15.html#SEC264">15.2 The Programmer's View</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC259" href="gettext_15.html#SEC265">15.3 The Translator's View</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC260" href="gettext_15.html#SEC266">15.3.1 C Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC261" href="gettext_15.html#SEC267">15.3.2 Objective C Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC262" href="gettext_15.html#SEC268">15.3.3 Python Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC263" href="gettext_15.html#SEC269">15.3.4 Java Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC264" href="gettext_15.html#SEC270">15.3.5 C# Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC265" href="gettext_15.html#SEC271">15.3.6 JavaScript Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC266" href="gettext_15.html#SEC272">15.3.7 Scheme Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC267" href="gettext_15.html#SEC273">15.3.8 Lisp Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC268" href="gettext_15.html#SEC274">15.3.9 Emacs Lisp Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC269" href="gettext_15.html#SEC275">15.3.10 librep Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC270" href="gettext_15.html#SEC276">15.3.11 Ruby Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC271" href="gettext_15.html#SEC277">15.3.12 Shell Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC272" href="gettext_15.html#SEC278">15.3.13 awk Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC273" href="gettext_15.html#SEC279">15.3.14 Lua Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC274" href="gettext_15.html#SEC280">15.3.15 Object Pascal Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC275" href="gettext_15.html#SEC281">15.3.16 Smalltalk Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC276" href="gettext_15.html#SEC282">15.3.17 Qt Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC277" href="gettext_15.html#SEC283">15.3.18 Qt Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC278" href="gettext_15.html#SEC284">15.3.19 KDE Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC279" href="gettext_15.html#SEC285">15.3.20 KUIT Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC280" href="gettext_15.html#SEC286">15.3.21 Boost Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC281" href="gettext_15.html#SEC287">15.3.22 Tcl Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC282" href="gettext_15.html#SEC288">15.3.23 Perl Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC283" href="gettext_15.html#SEC289">15.3.24 PHP Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC284" href="gettext_15.html#SEC290">15.3.25 GCC internal Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC285" href="gettext_15.html#SEC291">15.3.26 GFC internal Format Strings</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC286" href="gettext_15.html#SEC292">15.3.27 YCP Format Strings</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC287" href="gettext_15.html#SEC293">15.4 The Maintainer's View</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC288" href="gettext_15.html#SEC294">15.5 Individual Programming Languages</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC289" href="gettext_15.html#SEC295">15.5.1 C, C++, Objective C</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC290" href="gettext_15.html#SEC296">15.5.2 Python</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC291" href="gettext_15.html#SEC297">15.5.3 Java</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC292" href="gettext_15.html#SEC298">15.5.4 C#</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC293" href="gettext_15.html#SEC299">15.5.5 JavaScript</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC294" href="gettext_15.html#SEC300">15.5.6 GNU guile - Scheme</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC295" href="gettext_15.html#SEC301">15.5.7 GNU clisp - Common Lisp</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC296" href="gettext_15.html#SEC302">15.5.8 GNU clisp C sources</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC297" href="gettext_15.html#SEC303">15.5.9 Emacs Lisp</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC298" href="gettext_15.html#SEC304">15.5.10 librep</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC299" href="gettext_15.html#SEC305">15.5.11 Ruby</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC300" href="gettext_15.html#SEC306">15.5.12 sh - Shell Script</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC301" href="gettext_15.html#SEC307">15.5.12.1 Preparing Shell Scripts for Internationalization</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC302" href="gettext_15.html#SEC308">15.5.12.2 Contents of <code>gettext.sh</code></a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC303" href="gettext_15.html#SEC309">15.5.12.3 Invoking the <code>gettext</code> program</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC304" href="gettext_15.html#SEC310">15.5.12.4 Invoking the <code>ngettext</code> program</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC305" href="gettext_15.html#SEC311">15.5.12.5 Invoking the <code>envsubst</code> program</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC306" href="gettext_15.html#SEC312">15.5.12.6 Invoking the <code>eval_gettext</code> function</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC307" href="gettext_15.html#SEC313">15.5.12.7 Invoking the <code>eval_ngettext</code> function</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC308" href="gettext_15.html#SEC314">15.5.12.8 Invoking the <code>eval_pgettext</code> function</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC309" href="gettext_15.html#SEC315">15.5.12.9 Invoking the <code>eval_npgettext</code> function</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC310" href="gettext_15.html#SEC316">15.5.13 bash - Bourne-Again Shell Script</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC311" href="gettext_15.html#SEC317">15.5.14 GNU awk</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC312" href="gettext_15.html#SEC318">15.5.15 Lua</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC313" href="gettext_15.html#SEC319">15.5.16 Pascal - Free Pascal Compiler</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC314" href="gettext_15.html#SEC320">15.5.17 GNU Smalltalk</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC315" href="gettext_15.html#SEC321">15.5.18 Vala</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC316" href="gettext_15.html#SEC322">15.5.19 wxWidgets library</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC317" href="gettext_15.html#SEC323">15.5.20 Tcl - Tk's scripting language</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC318" href="gettext_15.html#SEC324">15.5.21 Perl</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC319" href="gettext_15.html#SEC325">15.5.21.1 General Problems Parsing Perl Code</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC320" href="gettext_15.html#SEC326">15.5.21.2 Which keywords will xgettext look for?</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC321" href="gettext_15.html#SEC327">15.5.21.3 How to Extract Hash Keys</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC322" href="gettext_15.html#SEC328">15.5.21.4 What are Strings And Quote-like Expressions?</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC323" href="gettext_15.html#SEC329">15.5.21.5 Invalid Uses Of String Interpolation</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC324" href="gettext_15.html#SEC330">15.5.21.6 Valid Uses Of String Interpolation</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC325" href="gettext_15.html#SEC331">15.5.21.7 When To Use Parentheses</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC326" href="gettext_15.html#SEC332">15.5.21.8 How To Grok with Long Lines</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC327" href="gettext_15.html#SEC333">15.5.21.9 Bugs, Pitfalls, And Things That Do Not Work</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC328" href="gettext_15.html#SEC334">15.5.22 PHP Hypertext Preprocessor</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC329" href="gettext_15.html#SEC335">15.5.23 Pike</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC330" href="gettext_15.html#SEC336">15.5.24 GNU Compiler Collection sources</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC331" href="gettext_15.html#SEC337">15.5.25 YCP - YaST2 scripting language</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC332" href="gettext_16.html#SEC338">16. Other Data Formats</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC333" href="gettext_16.html#SEC339">16.1 Internationalizable Data Formats</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC334" href="gettext_16.html#SEC340">16.1.1 POT - Portable Object Template</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC335" href="gettext_16.html#SEC341">16.1.2 Resource String Table</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC336" href="gettext_16.html#SEC342">16.1.3 Glade - GNOME user interface description</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC337" href="gettext_16.html#SEC343">16.1.4 GSettings - GNOME user configuration schema</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC338" href="gettext_16.html#SEC344">16.1.5 AppData - freedesktop.org application description</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC339" href="gettext_16.html#SEC345">16.1.6 Preparing Rules for XML Internationalization</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC340" href="gettext_16.html#SEC346">16.1.6.1 Two Use-cases of Translated Strings in XML</a></li>
      </ul>
</li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC341" href="gettext_16.html#SEC347">16.2 Localized Data Formats</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC342" href="gettext_16.html#SEC348">16.2.1 Editable Message Catalogs</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC343" href="gettext_16.html#SEC349">16.2.1.1 PO - Portable Object</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC344" href="gettext_16.html#SEC350">16.2.1.2 Java .properties</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC345" href="gettext_16.html#SEC351">16.2.1.3 NeXTstep/GNUstep .strings</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC346" href="gettext_16.html#SEC352">16.2.2 Compiled Message Catalogs</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC347" href="gettext_16.html#SEC353">16.2.2.1 MO - Machine Object</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC348" href="gettext_16.html#SEC354">16.2.2.2 Java ResourceBundle</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC349" href="gettext_16.html#SEC355">16.2.2.3 C# Satellite Assembly</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC350" href="gettext_16.html#SEC356">16.2.2.4 C# Resource</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC351" href="gettext_16.html#SEC357">16.2.2.5 Tcl message catalog</a></li>
        <li><a name="TOC352" href="gettext_16.html#SEC358">16.2.2.6 Qt message catalog</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC353" href="gettext_16.html#SEC359">16.2.3 Desktop Entry files</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a name="TOC354" href="gettext_16.html#SEC360">16.2.3.1 How to handle icons in Desktop Entry files</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      <li><a name="TOC355" href="gettext_16.html#SEC361">16.2.4 XML files</a></li>
    </ul>
</li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC356" href="gettext_17.html#SEC362">17. Concluding Remarks</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC357" href="gettext_17.html#SEC363">17.1 History of GNU <code>gettext</code></a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC358" href="gettext_17.html#SEC364">17.2 Notes on the Free Translation Project</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a name="TOC359" href="gettext_17.html#SEC365">17.2.1 INSTALL Matters</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC360" href="gettext_17.html#SEC366">17.2.2 Using This Package</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC361" href="gettext_17.html#SEC367">17.2.3 Translating Teams</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC362" href="gettext_17.html#SEC368">17.2.4 Available Packages</a></li>
      <li><a name="TOC363" href="gettext_17.html#SEC369">17.2.5 Using <code>gettext</code> in new packages</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a name="TOC364" href="gettext_17.html#SEC370">17.3 Related Readings</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC365" href="gettext_18.html#SEC371">A. Language Codes</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC366" href="gettext_18.html#SEC372">A.1 Usual Language Codes</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC367" href="gettext_18.html#SEC373">A.2 Rare Language Codes</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC368" href="gettext_19.html#SEC374">B. Country Codes</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC369" href="gettext_20.html#SEC375">C. Licenses</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a name="TOC370" href="gettext_20.html#SEC376">C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC371" href="gettext_20.html#SEC380">C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></li>
    <li><a name="TOC372" href="gettext_20.html#SEC385">C.3 GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="TOC373" href="gettext_21.html#SEC387">Program Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC374" href="gettext_22.html#SEC388">Option Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC375" href="gettext_23.html#SEC389">Variable Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC376" href="gettext_24.html#SEC390">PO Mode Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC377" href="gettext_26.html#SEC391">Autoconf Macro Index</a></li>
  <li><a name="TOC378" href="gettext_27.html#SEC392">General Index</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<a name="Top"></a>
<a name="SEC_Top"></a>

<p>This manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl library,
version 0.21.
</p>


<hr size="1">
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC387" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<p>
 <font size="-1">
  This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>July, 26 2020</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>.
 </font>
 <br>

</p>
</body>
</html>