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| </head> | |
| <body class="article"> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="content"> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>The Git development community is a widely distributed, diverse, ever-changing | |
| group of individuals. Asynchronous communication via the Git mailing list poses | |
| unique challenges when reviewing or discussing patches. This document contains | |
| some guiding principles and helpful tools you can use to make your reviews both | |
| more efficient for yourself and more effective for other contributors.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that none of the recommendations here are binding or in any way a | |
| requirement of participation in the Git community. They are provided as a | |
| resource to supplement your skills as a contributor.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_principles">Principles</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="sect2"> | |
| <h3 id="_selecting_patch_es_to_review">Selecting patch(es) to review</h3> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you are looking for a patch series in need of review, start by checking | |
| latest "What’s cooking in git.git" email | |
| (<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/[email protected]/">example</a>). The "What’s | |
| cooking" emails & replies can be found using the query <code>s:"What's cooking"</code> on | |
| the <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/"><code>lore.kernel.org</code> mailing list archive</a>; | |
| alternatively, you can find the contents of the "What’s cooking" email tracked | |
| in <code>whats-cooking.txt</code> on the <code>todo</code> branch of Git. Topics tagged with "Needs | |
| review" and those in the "[New Topics]" section are typically those that would | |
| benefit the most from additional review.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Patches can also be searched manually in the mailing list archive using a query | |
| like <code>s:"PATCH" -s:"Re:"</code>. You can browse these results for topics relevant to | |
| your expertise or interest.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you’ve already contributed to Git, you may also be CC’d in another | |
| contributor’s patch series. These are topics where the author feels that your | |
| attention is warranted. This may be because their patch changes something you | |
| wrote previously (making you a good judge of whether the new approach does or | |
| doesn’t work), or because you have the expertise to provide an exceptionally | |
| helpful review. There is no requirement to review these patches but, in the | |
| spirit of open source collaboration, you should strongly consider doing so.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect2"> | |
| <h3 id="_reviewing_patches">Reviewing patches</h3> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>While every contributor takes their own approach to reviewing patches, here are | |
| some general pieces of advice to make your reviews as clear and helpful as | |
| possible. The advice is broken into two rough categories: high-level reviewing | |
| guidance, and concrete tips for interacting with patches on the mailing list.</p></div> | |
| <div class="sect3"> | |
| <h4 id="_high_level_guidance">High-level guidance</h4> | |
| <div class="ulist"><ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Remember to review the content of commit messages for correctness and clarity, | |
| in addition to the code change in the patch’s diff. The commit message of a | |
| patch should accurately and fully explain the code change being made in the | |
| diff. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Reviewing test coverage is an important - but easy to overlook - component of | |
| reviews. A patch’s changes may be covered by existing tests, or new tests may | |
| be introduced to exercise new behavior. Checking out a patch or series locally | |
| allows you to manually mutate lines of new & existing tests to verify expected | |
| pass/fail behavior. You can use this information to verify proper coverage or | |
| to suggest additional tests the author could add. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| When providing a recommendation, be as clear as possible about whether you | |
| consider it "blocking" (the code would be broken or otherwise made worse if an | |
| issue isn’t fixed) or "non-blocking" (the patch could be made better by taking | |
| the recommendation, but acceptance of the series does not require it). | |
| Non-blocking recommendations can be particularly ambiguous when they are | |
| related to - but outside the scope of - a series ("nice-to-have"s), or when | |
| they represent only stylistic differences between the author and reviewer. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| When commenting on an issue, try to include suggestions for how the author | |
| could fix it. This not only helps the author to understand and fix the issue, | |
| it also deepens and improves your understanding of the topic. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Reviews do not need to exclusively point out problems. Feel free to "think out | |
| loud" in your review: describe how you read & understood a complex section of | |
| a patch, ask a question about something that confused you, point out something | |
| you found exceptionally well-written, etc. In particular, uplifting feedback | |
| goes a long way towards encouraging contributors to participate more actively | |
| in the Git community. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul></div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect3"> | |
| <h4 id="_performing_your_review">Performing your review</h4> | |
| <div class="ulist"><ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Provide your review comments per-patch in a plaintext "Reply-All" email to the | |
| relevant patch. Comments should be made inline, immediately below the relevant | |
| section(s). | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| You may find that the limited context provided in the patch diff is sometimes | |
| insufficient for a thorough review. In such cases, you can review patches in | |
| your local tree by either applying patches with <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a> or checking | |
| out the associated branch from <a href="https://github.com/gitster/git">https://github.com/gitster/git</a> once the series | |
| is tracked there. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Large, complicated patch diffs are sometimes unavoidable, such as when they | |
| refactor existing code. If you find such a patch difficult to parse, try | |
| reviewing the diff produced with the <code>--color-moved</code> and/or | |
| <code>--ignore-space-change</code> options. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| If a patch is long, you are encouraged to delete parts of it that are | |
| unrelated to your review from the email reply. Make sure to leave enough | |
| context for readers to understand your comments! | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| If you cannot complete a full review of a series all at once, consider letting | |
| the author know (on- or off-list) if/when you plan to review the rest of the | |
| series. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect2"> | |
| <h3 id="_completing_a_review">Completing a review</h3> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Once each patch of a series is reviewed, the author (and/or other contributors) | |
| may discuss the review(s). This may result in no changes being applied, or the | |
| author will send a new version of their patch(es).</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>After a series is rerolled in response to your or others' review, make sure to | |
| re-review the updates. If you are happy with the state of the patch series, | |
| explicitly indicate your approval (typically with a reply to the latest | |
| version’s cover letter). Optionally, you can let the author know that they can | |
| add a "Reviewed-by: <you>" trailer if they resubmit the reviewed patch verbatim | |
| in a later iteration of the series.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Finally, subsequent "What’s cooking" emails may explicitly ask whether a | |
| reviewed topic is ready for merging to the ‘next` branch (typically phrased | |
| "Will merge to 'next’?"). You can help the maintainer and author by responding | |
| with a short description of the state of your (and others', if applicable) | |
| review, including the links to the relevant thread(s).</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_terminology">Terminology</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="dlist"><dl> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| nit: | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Denotes a small issue that should be fixed, such as a typographical error | |
| or mis-alignment of conditions in an <code>if()</code> statement. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| aside: | |
| </dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| optional: | |
| </dt> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| non-blocking: | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Indicates to the reader that the following comment should not block the | |
| acceptance of the patch or series. These are typically recommendations | |
| related to code organization & style, or musings about topics related to | |
| the patch in question, but beyond its scope. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| s/<before>/<after>/ | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Shorthand for "you wrote <before>, but I think you meant <after>," usually | |
| for misspellings or other typographical errors. The syntax is a reference | |
| to "substitute" command commonly found in Unix tools such as <code>ed</code>, <code>sed</code>, | |
| <code>vim</code>, and <code>perl</code>. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| cover letter | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| The "Patch 0" of a multi-patch series. This email describes the | |
| high-level intent and structure of the patch series to readers on the | |
| Git mailing list. It is also where the changelog notes and range-diff of | |
| subsequent versions are provided by the author. | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>On single-patch submissions, cover letter content is typically not sent as a | |
| separate email. Instead, it is inserted between the end of the patch’s commit | |
| message (after the <code>---</code>) and the beginning of the diff.</p></div> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt class="hdlist1"> | |
| #leftoverbits | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Used by either an author or a reviewer to describe features or suggested | |
| changes that are out-of-scope of a given patch or series, but are relevant | |
| to the topic for the sake of discussion. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_see_also">See Also</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="MyFirstContribution.html">MyFirstContribution</a></p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> | |
| <div id="footer"> | |
| <div id="footer-text"> | |
| Last updated | |
| 2023-04-17 17:57:53 PDT | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
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