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| </head> | |
| <body class="article"> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="content"> | |
| <div id="preamble"> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>Petr Baudis <[email protected]> writes: | |
| > Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter | |
| > where Junio C Hamano <[email protected]> told me that... | |
| >> Linus Torvalds <[email protected]> writes: | |
| >> | |
| >> > Junio, maybe you want to talk about how you move patches from your | |
| >> > "seen" branch to the real branches. | |
| >> | |
| > Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to?</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Exactly my feeling. I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak | |
| up. With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is | |
| the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core | |
| Git tools.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in <em>seen</em>, and I | |
| wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of | |
| placing new things in <em>seen</em> first. At the beginning, the commit | |
| ancestry graph looked like this:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code> *"seen" head | |
| master --> #1 --> #2 --> #3</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>So I started from master, made a bunch of edits, and committed:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git checkout master | |
| $ cd Documentation; ed git.txt ... | |
| $ cd ..; git add Documentation/*.txt | |
| $ git commit -s</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>After the commit, the ancestry graph would look like this:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code> *"seen" head | |
| master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 | |
| \ | |
| \---> master</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>The old master is now master^ (the first parent of the master). | |
| The new master commit holds my documentation updates.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Now I have to deal with "seen" branch.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>This is the kind of situation I used to have all the time when | |
| Linus was the maintainer and I was a contributor, when you look | |
| at "master" branch being the "maintainer" branch, and "seen" | |
| branch being the "contributor" branch. Your work started at the | |
| tip of the "maintainer" branch some time ago, you made a lot of | |
| progress in the meantime, and now the maintainer branch has some | |
| other commits you do not have yet. And "git rebase" was written | |
| with the explicit purpose of helping to maintain branches like | |
| "seen". You <em>could</em> merge master to <em>seen</em> and keep going, but if you | |
| eventually want to cherrypick and merge some but not necessarily | |
| all changes back to the master branch, it often makes later | |
| operations for <em>you</em> easier if you rebase (i.e. carry forward | |
| your changes) "seen" rather than merge. So I ran "git rebase":</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git checkout seen | |
| $ git rebase master seen</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>What this does is to pick all the commits since the current | |
| branch (note that I now am on "seen" branch) forked from the | |
| master branch, and forward port these changes.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 | |
| \ *"seen" head | |
| \---> master --> #1' --> #2' --> #3'</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>The diff between master^ and #1 is applied to master and | |
| committed to create #1' commit with the commit information (log, | |
| author and date) taken from commit #1. On top of that #2' and #3' | |
| commits are made similarly out of #2 and #3 commits.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Old #3 is not recorded in any of the .git/refs/heads/ file | |
| anymore, so after doing this you will have dangling commit if | |
| you ran fsck-cache, which is normal. After testing "seen", you | |
| can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how | |
| to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Let’s go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>You, as an individual developer, cloned upstream repository and | |
| made a couple of commits on top of it.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code> *your "master" head | |
| upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>You would want changes #2 and #3 incorporated in the upstream, | |
| while you feel that #1 may need further improvements. So you | |
| prepare #2 and #3 for e-mail submission.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git format-patch master^^ master</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>This creates two files, 0001-XXXX.patch and 0002-XXXX.patch. Send | |
| them out "To: " your project maintainer and "Cc: " your mailing | |
| list. You could use contributed script git-send-email if | |
| your host has necessary perl modules for this, but your usual | |
| MUA would do as long as it does not corrupt whitespaces in the | |
| patch.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Then you would wait, and you find out that the upstream picked | |
| up your changes, along with other changes.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code> where *your "master" head | |
| upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 | |
| used \ | |
| to be \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C | |
| *upstream head</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>The two commits #2' and #3' in the above picture record the same | |
| changes your e-mail submission for #2 and #3 contained, but | |
| probably with the new sign-off line added by the upstream | |
| maintainer and definitely with different committer and ancestry | |
| information, they are different objects from #2 and #3 commits.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>You fetch from upstream, but not merge.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git fetch upstream</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but | |
| does not touch your .git/HEAD or .git/refs/heads/master. | |
| You run "git rebase" now.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Earlier, I said that rebase applies all the commits from your | |
| branch on top of the upstream head. Well, I lied. "git rebase" | |
| is a bit smarter than that and notices that #2 and #3 need not | |
| be applied, so it only applies #1. The commit ancestry graph | |
| becomes something like this:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code> where *your old "master" head | |
| upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 | |
| used \ your new "master" head* | |
| to be \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C --> #1' | |
| *upstream | |
| head</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Again, "git prune" would discard the disused commits #1-#3 and | |
| you continue on starting from the new "master" head, which is | |
| the #1' commit.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>-jc</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
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| Last updated | |
| 2023-04-24 08:32:54 PDT | |
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