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| </head> | |
| <body class="article"> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="content"> | |
| <div id="preamble"> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="admonitionblock"> | |
| <table><tr> | |
| <td class="icon"> | |
| <div class="title">Note</div> | |
| </td> | |
| <td class="content">This document is from 2006. A lot has happened since then, and this | |
| document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable. | |
| Almost everyone else should instead look at <a href="../git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>.</td> | |
| </tr></table> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile | |
| themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat’s dream Debian, it is | |
| impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send | |
| some feedback to the mailing list at <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> to get this | |
| document tailored to your favorite distro.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>What’s needed:</p></div> | |
| <div class="ulist"><ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| Have an Apache web-server | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: | |
| $ apt-get install apache2 | |
| To get apache2 by default started, | |
| edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| can edit the configuration of it. | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| can restart it. | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and | |
| restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server | |
| might be aborted by this.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: | |
| $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart | |
| or | |
| $ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload | |
| (which seems to do the same) | |
| This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to | |
| /etc/apache2/mods-available.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| have permissions to chown a directory | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| have Git installed on the client, and | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on | |
| the client. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>In effect, this means you’re going to be root, or that you’re using a | |
| preconfigured WebDAV server.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git | |
| repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another | |
| option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy | |
| it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git | |
| is not installed on the server).</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served | |
| by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep | |
| DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs | |
| $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian:</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ cd /var/www | |
| $ mkdir my-new-repo.git</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Initialize a bare repository</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ cd my-new-repo.git | |
| $ git --bare init</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Change the ownership to your web-server’s credentials. Use <code>"grep ^User | |
| httpd.conf"</code> and <code>"grep ^Group httpd.conf"</code> to find out:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ chown -R www.www .</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian:</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ chown -R www-data.www-data .</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do | |
| a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and | |
| set the permissions appropriately.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Restart apache2, and check whether <a href="http://server/my-new-repo.git">http://server/my-new-repo.git</a> gives | |
| a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up | |
| successfully.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_step_2_enable_dav_on_this_repository">Step 2: enable DAV on this repository</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so | |
| AddModule mod_dav.c</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for | |
| locking DAV operations:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian these steps can be performed with:</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache: | |
| $ a2enmod dav_fs | |
| (just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know) | |
| $ a2enmod dav | |
| The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf: | |
| DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a | |
| prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the <em>directory</em> has to | |
| be writable by the user Apache runs as.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code><Location /my-new-repo.git> | |
| DAV on | |
| AuthType Basic | |
| AuthName "Git" | |
| AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git | |
| Require valid-user | |
| </Location></code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: | |
| Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code><Location /my-new-repo.git> | |
| DAV on | |
| AuthType Basic | |
| AuthName "Git" | |
| AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git | |
| Require valid-user | |
| </Location></code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by | |
| Apache and preferably not readable by the world.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Create this file by | |
| $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git <user></p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: | |
| $ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git <user></code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls | |
| to htpasswd should omit the <em>-c</em> option, since you want to append to the | |
| existing file.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>You need to restart Apache.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Now go to <a href="http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git">http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git</a> in your | |
| browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right | |
| password.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>On Debian:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>To test the WebDAV part, do:</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ apt-get install litmus | |
| $ litmus http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git <username> <password></code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>Most tests should pass.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for | |
| example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://…" or | |
| "webdavs://…".</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you’re into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports | |
| WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer → Open Location → | |
| <a href="http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git">http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git</a> [x] Open as webfolder → login .</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with | |
| libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with | |
| no argument should display a usage message.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be | |
| asked to input your password a <em>lot</em> of times):</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>machine <servername> | |
| login <username> | |
| password <password></code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>…and set permissions: | |
| chmod 600 ~/.netrc</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in, | |
| instead of the server name.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>To check whether all is OK, do:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>curl --netrc --location -v http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/HEAD</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>…this should give something like <em>ref: refs/heads/master</em>, which is | |
| the content of the file HEAD on the server.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project | |
| you want to export:</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git-config remote.upload.url \ | |
| http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>It is important to put the last <em>/</em>; Without it, the server will send | |
| a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push | |
| will repeat the request infinitely.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_step_4_make_the_initial_push">Step 4: make the initial push</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>From your client repository, do</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>$ git push upload master</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>This pushes branch <em>master</em> (which is assumed to be the branch you | |
| want to export) to repository called <em>upload</em>, which we previously | |
| defined with git-config.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_using_a_proxy">Using a proxy:</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy, | |
| set the variable <em>all_proxy</em> to <code>http://proxy-host.com:port</code>, or | |
| <code>http://login-on-proxy:[email protected]:port</code>. See <em>man | |
| curl</em> for details.</p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="sect1"> | |
| <h2 id="_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting:</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If git-http-push says</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure | |
| that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL | |
| you are uploading to.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob, | |
| it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the | |
| request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the | |
| network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error | |
| code). So (22/404) means something like <em>not found</em> at the server.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.</p></div> | |
| <div class="literalblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><code>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</code></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL | |
| certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can | |
| help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p></div> | |
| <div class="paragraph"><p>Authors | |
| Johannes Schindelin <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>> | |
| Rutger Nijlunsing <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>> | |
| Matthieu Moy <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>></p></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> | |
| <div id="footer"> | |
| <div id="footer-text"> | |
| Last updated | |
| 2023-04-24 08:32:54 PDT | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |