Knowledge Base/t.txt

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T, or t, is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee (pronounced ), plural tees."T", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "tee", op. cit. It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the Phoenician and Paleo- Hebrew script (Aramaic and Hebrew Taw ת/𐡕/ 10 px, Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ) via the Greek letter τ (tau). In English, it is most commonly used to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, a sound it also denotes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second-most commonly used letter in English-language texts. ==History== Phoenician Taw Etruscan T Greek Tau 30px 30px 45px Taw was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets. The sound value of Semitic Taw, Greek alphabet Tαυ (Tau), Old Italic and Latin T has remained fairly constant, representing in each of these; and it has also kept its original basic shape in most of these alphabets. ==Use in writing systems== ===English=== In English, usually denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive (International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA: ), as in tart, tee, or ties, often with aspiration at the beginnings of words or before stressed vowels. The digraph often corresponds to the sound (a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant) word-medially when followed by a vowel, as in nation, ratio, negotiation, and Croatia. The letter corresponds to the affricate in some words as a result of yod-coalescence (for example, in words ending in "-ture", such as future). A common digraph is , which usually represents a dental fricative, but occasionally represents (as in Thomas and thyme.) In a few words of modern French origin, the letter T is silent at the end of a word; these include croquet and debut. ===Other languages=== In the orthographies of other languages, is often used for , the voiceless dental plosive , or similar sounds. ===Other systems=== In the International Phonetic Alphabet, denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *T with diacritics: Ť ť Ṫ ṫ ẗ Ţ ţ Ṭ ṭ Ʈ ʈ Ț ț ƫ Ṱ ṱ Ṯ ṯ Ŧ ŧ Ⱦ ⱦ Ƭ ƭ ᵵ ᶵ *Ꞇ ꞇ : Insular T, also used by William Pryce to designate the voiceless dental fricative [θ] *ᫎ : Combining small insular t was used in the Ormulum * : Turned small t is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) *𐞯 : Modifier letter small t with retroflex hook is a superscript IPA letter *𝼉 : Latin small letter t with hook and retroflex hook is a symbol for a voiceless retroflex implosive *𝼍 : Latin small turned t with curl is a click letter *Uralic Phonetic Alphabet- specific symbols related to T: ** ** ** ** *ₜ : Subscript small t was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ȶ : T with curl is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics *Ʇ ʇ : Turned capital T and turned small t were used in transcriptions of the Dakota language in publications of the American Board of Ethnology in the late 19th century *𝼪 : Small t with mid-height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== *𐤕 : Semitic letter Taw, from which the following symbols originally derive **Τ τ : Greek letter Tau *** : Coptic letter Taw, which derives from Greek Tau ***Т т : Cyrillic letter Te, also derived from Tau *** : Gothic letter tius, which derives from Greek Tau ***𐌕 : Old Italic T, which derives from Greek Tau, and is the ancestor of modern Latin T **** : Runic letter teiwaz, which probably derives from old Italic T *ፐ : One of the 26 consonantal letters of Ge'ez script. The Ge'ez abugida developed under the influence of Christian scripture by adding obligatory vocalic diacritics to the consonantal letters. Pesa ፐ is based on Tawe ተ. ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== *™ : Trademark symbol *₮ : Mongolian tögrög *₸ : Kazakhstani tenge *৳ : Bangladeshi taka ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== == Explanatory notes == ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters Category:Cross symbols
T & AT&A;: Test and Albert. How Trish Stratus survived this I will never, ever know. was a professional wrestling tag team in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), consisting of Test and Albert. T & A had Trish Stratus as their team manager, with their name being a pun on the initials of the two wrestlers and the slang expression "T&A;" (referring to tits and ass), spawning numerous coarse jokes on fan's signs and from commentator Jerry Lawler in reference to the buxom Trish Stratus. ==History== Test and Albert met in Dory Funk Jr.'s training center, the Funkin' Conservatory, where they were trained. Following this, both men took on individual careers in the business leading them to the WWF, where they were repackaged as a tag team during 2000. On the March 19, 2000, episode of Sunday Night Heat Stratus made her debut with the gimmick of scouting wrestlers to form a team. Shortly after this, Test and Albert (who both wrestled on that show) became her wards. Their first match as a team was on the March 30 episode of SmackDown!, when they lost to the Hardy Boyz. Their first pay-per-view match was at WrestleMania 2000, when they defeated Steve Blackman and Al Snow. They competed against established teams in the WWF's tag team division, including Road Dogg and X-Pac, The Godfather and D'Lo Brown, and Holly Cousins, before beginning a feud with the Dudley Boyz. In a match against the Dudley Boyz at the Backlash 2000 pay-per-view Stratus was the recipient of a powerbomb through a table from Bubba Ray Dudley, although T & A won the match. They continued competing against teams including the Hardy Boyz and the Dudley Boyz for the next few months, and on June 25, they competed for the WWF Tag Team Championship in a four-way elimination match at King of the Ring, but were the first team eliminated after Matt Hardy pinned Test. Test, Albert and Stratus began a feud with the Hardy Boyz, Matt and Jeff, and their manager Lita, which led to a six-person intergender tag team match at Fully Loaded, which T & A lost when Lita pinned Stratus. During a feud with the Acolytes Protection Agency (APA), the two men parodied the team under the name T & APA (Test & Albert Protection Agency). As part of this feud, all three members of T & A were supposed to face Bradshaw and Faarooq of the APA and Lita in a six-person tag team match on October 22, at the No Mercy pay-per- view, but T & A attacked the APA backstage, so the match never started. They then attacked Lita at ringside until the Hardy Boyz saved her. A feud with Holly Cousins (Hardcore, Crash and Molly) followed, and at Survivor Series, the Holly Cousins, with Steve Blackman replacing Hardcore, defeated T & A in a six-person match when Molly pinned Stratus. In December 2000, Albert turned on Test, causing storyline internal injuries which resulted in bleeding from Test's mouth. Trish continued to manage Albert for a while, but eventually began a storyline involving Vince McMahon and eventually broke out as a wrestler on her own. Albert went on to join X-Pac and Justin Credible in their own stable, X-Factor. Test defeated William Regal to win the European title. He went on to feud with Eddie Guerrero over the European title before eventually joining The Alliance and later The Un-Americans. Test was released in November 2004 and returned in June 2006 and left again in January 2007. He died on March 13, 2009, in his Florida apartment. Albert was renamed A-Train in 2002 and was later released in November 2004, but returned in March 2012 as Lord Tensai or just Tensai. He would become the head coach for the WWE developmental branch in August 2014 for NXT. ==References== Category:WWE teams and stables
The T & G Building stands on the corner of Queen Street and Albert Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. thumb|left|Close-up of the plaque The original building named for the T&G; (Temperance and General) Mutual Life Assurance Society Company stood from 1923 to 1966. == Occupation during World War II == The building was taken over by Lieutenant Robert Melloy of the Hirings Section, No. 1 Lines of Communication (No. 1 L of C), Australian Army, and was occupied from 20 February 1943 to 31 December 1944. The tenants of the building resisted the occupation, led by a Dr Streeter, and they formed a committee to submit a protest to the Federal Government. Lt. Melloy agreed to help them submit their protest, on the condition that they vacate the premises immediately a decision was made. Two hours after submitting their protest, Lt. Melloy received orders to proceed with the military occupation of the building. Upon being advised by Lt. Melloy of the outcome, Dr. Streeter was one of the first to leave the building. The building was used as the Headquarters for the US Army Forces in the Far East. == New T&G; Building == In 1969 a new version of the building was completed on the original site. It is 25 storeys high and at the time was Brisbane's tallest building. Today the building houses a variety of businesses, including a doctors' surgery, and a hairdressing salon. Other businesses include a watch repairer and taxation accountant. An arcade was established at the ground level. ==See also== *T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society *T & G Building, Geelong ==References== Category:Buildings and structures in Brisbane Category:Queen Street, Brisbane
thumb|280px|T & G building in Geelong The T & G Building is a distinctive building in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is located on the corner of Moorabool and Ryrie Streets. The building's style is a blend of Art Deco and Classicism. Both of these styles can be noted in the buildings geometric grooves, vertical lines and stepped form. The exterior of the ground floor features chevron grill patterns, a feature that is particular of Art Deco archicture. Construction was announced by the T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society in June 1933, partly with the idea of stimulating employment while Geelong was still suffering the effects of the Great Depression. The building cost AU£37,000 ($74,000, about $ today) and was completed in 1934. In June 1934 the unique 'Father and Son' clock was switched on. As well as having the usual four clock faces at the top of the tower, the mechanism includes two life-sized cast bronze figures of a farmer and his son, in typical period farm-workers' dress, who emerge from a window in the south side of the upper section the tower and strike the hour on large bell they are both holding. They symbolise a father handing over responsibility to his son, and urging him to continue the good work. By the mid-1990s the building had fallen into disrepair, the clock was unreliable, and the Father and Son no longer appeared to strike the hour. A public campaign led by the Geelong Advertiser resulted in the repainting of the building and the clock being repaired. Much of the ground floor was vacant during 2012, but the building was bought and restored by Dean Montgomery and his brother. In mid-2014, it was purchased by Deakin University to use as student accommodation. The conversion of the building into 33 studio apartments and common areas was commissioned to Studio 101 Architects in Geelong and built by Nicholson Construction. ==See also== *T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society *T & G Building, Brisbane ==References== ==Further reading== *Begg, Peter. (1990). Geelong - The First 150 Years. Globe Press. Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1934 Category:Buildings and structures in Geelong Category:1934 establishments in Australia
T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building is a heritage-listed office building at 45 Hunter Street, Newcastle, City of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. == History == The building was built in 1923 for McIlwraith McEacharn Line Pty Ltd and named Scottish House. It was designed by Spain and Cosh and built by contractors Stuart Brothers. The cost of the building and land amounted to approximately £100,000. In 1935, it was bought by the T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society for approximately £90,000, in what was then the biggest sale of any single freehold property in Newcastle. In the early 1990s, the building was known as Hunter House. ==Description== The T & G Building is a seven- storey rendered brick building in the English Renaissance style with a corner tower. It originally consisted of five storeys with a basement, with an additional two floors added after the building was bought by T & G. == Heritage listing == T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. == See also == == References == === Attribution === ==External links== Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register Category:Newcastle, New South Wales Category:Office buildings in New South Wales Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
The T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society was an insurance company that operated in Australia and New Zealand.Investment Savings and Insurance Association (ISI) New Zealand The 'T & G' stood for 'Temperance & General'.State Library of Victoria: T & G (Temperance & General) Mutual Life Assurance Society Building The company was founded in Victoria in 1876,Guide to Australian Business Records emerging from the Assurance branch of the Independent Order of Rechabites with 132 policies. The branch was severed from the I.O.R. after six years of operations.Commemoration Centenary & History of T&G; Mutual Life Society By 1920, the society had 385,000 policies and by 1930 had grown to become the largest ordinary-industrial life society operating solely within Australia and New Zealand, with 737,000 policies, with an income of nearly £4 million, and assets totaling over £16 million. By 1952 the income had increased to £16 million and funds to £86 million. In 1983 the T&G; Society amalgamated with National Mutual.Townsville City Council: T & G BUILDING which was itself purchased by Axa in the 1990s. == The T&G; Buildings == The T&G; Mutual Life Assurance Society was notable amongst Australian insurance companies for expanding its reach and visibility with a building program of 20 almost matching landmark buildings in cities and town across Australia and New Zealand in the interwar period. Other insurance companies also built numerous office buildings in many cities, but fewer in number or not all in matching style. Colonial Mutual built about eight matching office blocks across Australasia and South Africa (designed by Hennessy & Hennessy), while AMP built far more, but in various styles over many decades. In the boom years of the 1880s they built prominent headquarters in Melbourne and Sydney, the Melbourne one on Swanston Street on the north side of the Melbourne Town Hall, and another even larger one in Sydney on Elizabeth Street on the corner of Park Street, overlooking Hyde Park. In 1908 T&G; purchased the large, ornate Edwardian Moirs Chambers in St Georges Terrace, Perth for its branch there, and had a presence in other cities and towns. Starting in the mid 1920s, T&G; buildings appeared in all the capital cities and numerous regional centres across Australia and New Zealand, the majority of which featured a landmark tower with a distinctive stepped top and the company's name in a kind of corporate advertising. All but one were designed by the Melbourne firm of A & K Henderson, those of the 1920s designed in a matching classical style, which evolved into a more varied vertical Art Deco style in the 1930s. The towers often made them the most prominent buildings in the smaller towns, and the Melbourne and Sydney T&G; buildings were amongst the largest, most prominent, interwar commercial buildings in both cities. In the postwar years, the T&G; continued this program, but in the form of more typical modernist office towers, branded mainly by the prominent signage. All except four of the interwar T&G; buildings still exist, and are often still landmarks in many towns and cities across Australasia. == List of T & G buildings == Interwar period *Australia ** Brisbane (T & G Building, Brisbane), cnr Albert and Queen Streets, completed 1924, A&K; Henderson. 9th mansard level added 1936, also by A&K; Henderson. (demolished c1970) ** Adelaide, cnr King William and Grenfell Streets, 1925, A&K; Henderson.Emporis: Adelaide T&G; Building In 2016 operating as the Quest on King William Hotel. ** Bendigo, 31-33 View Street, 1925, A&K; Henderson. ** Rockhampton, William Street, 1928, A&K; Henderson. ** Melbourne, cnr Collins and Russell Streets, 1929, extended 1939 to the west with new tower, and 1959 to the south, A&K; Henderson. ** Sydney, cnr Elizabeth and Park Streets, north half with tower completed 1930, southern in 1932, A&K; Henderson. (demolished c1976) ** Geelong (T & G Building, Geelong), Cnr Ryrie and Moorabool Street, completed 1934. A&K; Henderson ** Mildura, cnr Eighth and Langtree Mall, 1937, A&K; Henderson. (alterations to an earlier building) A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Mildura T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Newcastle (T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building), cnr Hunter and Watt Streets, 1937 (addition of two floors and alterations to earlier building), A&K; Henderson. ** Hobart, cnr Collins and Murray Streets, 1938, A&K; Henderson.National Library of Australia: Murray St & T&G; [building] from St Davids [picture] : Hobart, Tasmania ** Horsham, cnr McLachlan and Firebrace Streets, 1940, A&K; Henderson.Image: Horsham street ** Warrnambool, cnr Liebig and Lava Streets, 1940, A&K; Henderson.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Warrnambool T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Albury, 553 Dean Street, tower front designed by A&K; Henderson added to an earlier building in 1940. ** Wagga Wagga, cnr Fitzmaurice Street and Gurwood. Possibly 1941 alteration of an earlier building. ** Townsville (T&G; Building, Townsville), cnr Flinders and Stanley Streets, designed 1939, A&K; Henderson.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Auckland T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria Not built until well after the war, completed 1959 (demolished 2008) *thumb|T&G; Townsville, completed 1959, demolished 2008New Zealand **Christchurch, cnr Hereford and Liverpool Streets, 1926, A&K; Henderson with Alsop & Martin.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Christchurch T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria Last known as Kenton Chambers, and demolished in 2011 following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. ** Wellington, cnr Lambton Quay and Grey Street, 1928, A&K; Henderson with Atkins & Mitchell as supervising architects. Now known as Harcourt's Building. ** Auckland, cnr Wellesley and Elliott Streets, 1929 alteration by A&K; Henderson of a 1909 warehouse.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Auckland T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Napier, cnr Marine Parade and Emerson Street, 1936, Mitchell & Mitchell architects of Wellington. ** Palmerston North, 16-22 Broadway, 1938, A&K; Henderson Postwar ** Dunedin, New Zealand, 1956. ** Hamilton, 149 Alexandra Street, c1962. ** Perth, built in 1960, altered 1980s, now known as Citibank House ** Darwin, c1970. ** Brisbane, 1970 replacing the earlier building. ** Sydney, 1978, replacing the earlier building with a 40-storey tower. ==See also== * T & G Building, Brisbane * T & G Building, Geelong * T & G Building, Perth * T & G Building, Townsville * T & G Building, Wellington ==Notes== ==References== *Shirley Thomas, T & G : yours for life : the history of T & G Mutual Life Society Limited 1876-1976, T. & G. Mutual Life Society Limited ==External links== Category:Financial services companies established in 1876 Category:Defunct financial services companies of Australia Category:Insurance companies of Australia Category:1876 establishments in Australia
T & T High School () is an educational institution in Motijheel T & T Colony, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Although the school was set up to cater for the children of the surrounding areas, students come from all parts of Dhaka. It was established in 1962 as a junior school, but was later converted to a high school. ==References== Category:High schools in Bangladesh Category:Educational institutions established in 1962 Category:Schools in Dhaka District Category:Organisations based in Motijheel Category:1962 establishments in East Pakistan
T is an upcoming 2023 Indian Odia-language Biography film directed by Jitesh Kumar Parida, starring Debasish Sahoo, Prasanjeet Mohapatra, Usasi Misra, Ranbeeir Kalsi and Hara Rath. The film is a biography based on India's first transgender Taxi Driver Meghna Sahoo. ==Plot== Meghna, born as Vishnu, is subjected to abuse for exhibiting feminine behavior. She later turns to sex work in the Kinnar locality to explore her sexuality. After getting a corporate job, Meghna is terminated when her transgender identity is discovered. She undergoes sex reassignment surgery and starts working as India's first transgender taxi driver. Meghna becomes an advocate for the kinnar community and engages in social work to help improve their lives. Despite facing opposition and violence, Meghna remains dedicated to her cause and becomes a leader of her community. ==Cast== *Debasish Sahoo *Prasanjeet Mohapatra *Usasi Misra *Ranbeeir Kalsi *Hara Rath ==Production== The trailer and poster of social film ‘T’ was showcased at the India pavilion during the 75th Cannes Film Festival The film is slated for April, 2023 release. == References == == External links == * Category:2020s Odia-language films Category:Indian biographical drama films Category:2023 films Category:Upcoming films Category:Indian LGBT-related films Category:2023 LGBT-related films Category:Films about trans women Category:Biographical films about LGBT people
The T Second Avenue Local is a prospective rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. It is proposed to run on the Second Avenue Subway in Manhattan and its route symbol will be . The first phase of the Second Avenue Subway opened in January 2017, from 63rd Street to 96th Street, and is served by the train. * * * The full Second Avenue Line will be built in four phases, and the planned T service will not run until the third phase of the line opens from Houston Street to 63rd Street. Currently, the third phase is not funded or scheduled. From 1961 to 1968, the T and TT designations were also used for trains running along the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn, which was replaced by the train and later by the W. The West End Line is now served by the . ==Historical designation== ===Original service=== 100px Original 3 designation for the West End Line The T designation was originally used for West End local and express trains in Brooklyn. The elevated BMT West End Line opened in 1916, replacing the original West End surface Line that opened in 1863 and branched off of the former Fifth Avenue Elevated. The BMT West End Line connected to the recently- opened BMT Fourth Avenue Line subway. The new elevated line's service was originally labeled 3 by the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). On June 24, 1916, 3 service began running between 18th Avenue and Chambers Street on the BMT Nassau Street Line via the Manhattan Bridge and the Nassau Street Loop. This service was extended to 25th Avenue on July 29, 1916 and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue on December 23, 1918. On September 4, 1917, the first part of the BMT Broadway Line opened, and 3 service ran to 14th Street–Union Square. Chambers Street service was probably suspended until the remainder of the Nassau Street loop was completed. Service began running to the newly opened Times Square–42nd Street station on January 15, 1918. Service began running part-time to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue on July 10, 1919, and this extension was probably axed in 1920. The BMT Nassau Street Line and the Nassau Loop were completed on May 31, 1931. Weekday rush hour service and Saturday morning local resumed service from Bay Parkway or 62nd Street to Chambers Street running via the Montague Tunnel, and returning via the Manhattan Bridge south tracks. The Saturday morning rush hour local service to Chambers Street, on June 24, 1950, was discontinued. All express trains began running to 57th Street on May 2, 1957. On October 24, 1957, late night service was replaced by locals to Chambers Street, running via the tunnel in both directions, and terminating at Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. Express service was eliminated during middays, being replaced by locals extended to Coney Island on May 28, 1959. At this time all locals to Chambers Street began running via the tunnel in both directions. 90px|90px R10–R38 rollsigns Letters began appearing in the summer of 1961, when R27 subway cars began running on the line. Express trains were given the label of T, and the locals were given the label of TT, in accordance with the Independent Subway System's old system labeling express trains with single letters and local trains with double letters. On January 1, 1961, rush hour T expresses began running to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in along the BMT Astoria Line in Queens, and until April 2, 1962 so did Saturday service. TT local service on January 1 began running between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street. During middays, local service only ran between Coney Island and Chambers Street. After April 2, 1962, T service began running to 57th Street during evenings and Saturdays; on nights and Sundays TT shuttle service ran to 36th Street. On May 2, 1962, T trains ceased stopping at 49th Street. ===Post-Chrystie Street Connection=== File:TT Train (1967).svg Short-lived TT bullet from 1967-1968 alt=R32 T Line Roll Sign|thumb|209x209px|T appearing on an R32 rollsign The T was discontinued on November 26, 1967, after the Chrystie Street Connection opened. This connection linked the new express tracks of the IND Sixth Avenue Line to the Manhattan Bridge, allowing for increased subway service between Brooklyn and Midtown Manhattan. As a consequence, the connection between the Nassau Street Line and the Manhattan Bridge was severed, ending the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manahttan. The BB, a Sixth Avenue Line service which formerly operated solely in Manhattan, was now extended to Brooklyn via the Manhattan Bridge, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT West End Line to Coney Island. This new B service replaced T and TT service into Manhattan. However, late-night and Sunday shuttle service between Coney Island and 36th Street was still labeled TT. The new color scheme for subway routes introduced that day included a blue TT bullet. On July 1, 1968, the TT designation was discontinued entirely with late-night and Sunday shuttle service labeled B instead. In the 40 or so years after the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, a series of service changes caused by construction work led to service patterns temporarily mimicking those of the original T and TT services. From April 26, 1986 to December 11, 1988, the northern tracks of the Manhattan Bridge, leading to the Sixth Avenue Line, closed for repairs, akin to the conditions of the subway prior to the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection. During this time, the T's old service pattern was almost exactly recreated, with B service running via Broadway Express from Coney Island to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard during rush hours, and during middays, evenings and weekends to Queensboro Plaza. The TT's route via the BMT Nassau Street Line was replicated in 1987, when the M was rerouted from the Brighton Line to the West End Line running to Bay Parkway. The M ran on the BMT Nassau Street and West End Lines on weekdays until June 25, 2010. The Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks closed for repairs again on July 22, 2001; B service in Brooklyn via the Sixth Avenue Line was replaced by the new service, running via Broadway express to Astoria-Ditmars Boulevard, essentially recreating the T route once again.BMT West End Line This lasted until February 22, 2004, when, following the completion of repairs to the Manhattan Bridge, the was rerouted over the West End Line, providing full-time service via Sixth Avenue Express, which continues today. The T bullet appeared on R32 rollsigns as a black letter on a white circle. The T was programmed into R44 and R46 side signs as a West End route, with various Broadway, Sixth Avenue and Nassau Street designations. ==Planned Second Avenue Subway service== ===Designation=== During planning for the Second Avenue Subway in the early 2000s, the MTA decided to designate the line's future full-length service with the letter T, in part because: * The letters O and I are too easily confused with the digits 0 and 1, respectively. * The letter K was used until the late 1980s to denote services on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, and earlier on the BMT Jamaica Line, and thus is not preferred. * The letter V was in use at the time (and until 2010) to denote services on the IND Sixth Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line. * H is the Rockaway Park Shuttle's internal route designator. * The letters P, U and Y are more easily confused with common words. The Ts route emblem is colored (hex triplet #00ADD0, which could also be considered robin's egg blue or teal) because the color had also been used for the JFK Express in the past. In 2011, turquoise was considered "the color of the year", and at the time of the color's selection in the 2000s, it was also considered a very upscale color. ===Planned service pattern=== When the construction of the Second Avenue Subway's Phase 3 is completed, the proposed T service will operate from Harlem–125th Street to Houston Street. After Phase 4 opens, T service will run the full length of the line, from Harlem–125th Street to Hanover Square. The new T service is planned to operate at a frequency of 14 trains per hour during rush hours. As planned, the T will use the following lines with the same service pattern at all times. Line From To Tracks IND Second Avenue Line Harlem–125th Street Houston Street (Phase 3) all IND Second Avenue Line Harlem–125th Street Hanover Square (Phase 4) all ===Planned station listing=== Should Phase 3 of the Second Avenue Subway be built, the proposed T route would run entirely in Manhattan and would be the only non-shuttle New York City Subway service to run only within one borough. Station Phase Transfers and connections Notes Manhattan Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 2 Northern terminal station for train (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport connection to Harlem–125th Street (Metro-North Railroad) at Lexington Avenue and 125th Street 2 2 1 1 1 55th Street 3 (IND Queens Boulevard Line) at (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) at 42nd Street 3 (IRT Flushing Line) (IRT 42nd Street Shuttle) (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) at Grand Central–42nd Street connection to Grand Central Terminal (Metro-North Railroad, with connection to Long Island Rail Road once East Side Access Project is completed) 34th Street 3 M34/M34A Select Bus Service 23rd Street 3 M23 Select Bus Service 14th Street 3 (BMT Canarsie Line) at Houston Street 3 (IND Sixth Avenue Line) at Southern terminal station for train (Phase 3) Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension 4 (IND Sixth Avenue Line) Chatham Square 4 at Worth Street Seaport 4 at Fulton Street Hanover Square 4 at Old Slip Southern terminal station for train (Phase 4) ==References== Category:Defunct New York City Subway services
T is the third Japanese studio album (sixth overall) by South Korean pop group Tohoshinki, released on January 22, 2008 by Rhythm Zone. It at #4 on the Oricon weekly charts. The album's biggest competition in sales was with Zard's "Zard Request Best: Beautiful Memory", the last album after its lead vocalist Izumi Sakai's death in 2007. According to the members, the "T" stands for several things, such as "Tohoshinki", "Title", "Third" album, "Top" and "Try".Mashup! 音王 MUSIO Interview 1/15/08 It could also stand for "Trick/Trust" and the group's "Teamwork". A week before the album's release, the single " Purple Line" had debuted and reached #1 in Oricon weekly sales. The management played a different strategy to promote the album by splitting the members into teams which travelled separately to different cities in Japan for a week and appeared on radio shows and TV programs. The song "Kiss したまま、さよなら" was specially composed and written by members Micky Yoochun and Hero Jaejoong, included only in 2CD+2DVD version. The song Trick is a song that is a mix of 5 songs (released after the album), each dedicated to a separate member. The first letter in the following five singles spell out the name 'Trick'. ==Music videos== Several songs in the album were singles previously released which had associated music videos, however not all are included in the DVD of the album. List of songs with PVs, in order of release: * "Lovin' You" * "Summer Dream" * "Shine/Ride On" * "Last Angel" * "Forever Love" * "Together" * "Purple Line" ==Track listing== ;Notes * CD + DVD and 2 CD + 2 DVD versions do not include tracks 14 & 15 ("Forever Love (Acappella version)" & "Lovin' You (Haru's "Deep Water" Mix)") ==Release history== Country Date Label Japan January 22, 2008 Rhythm Zone Hong Kong January 30, 2008 Avex Asia South Korea SM Entertainment China February 2008 Polydor China ==Charts and sales== ===Oricon sales charts (Japan) Oricon Style=== Release Chart Peak position Sales total January 23, 2008 Oricon Daily Albums Chart 2 30,003 Oricon Weekly Albums Chart 4 52,273 Oricon Monthly Albums Chart 30 52,273 Oricon Yearly Albums Chart 98,459 ===Korea foreign albums & singles chart=== Release Chart Position Sales Total January 30, 2008 January Monthly Chart 무제 문서 1 21,412 February 29, 2008 February Monthly Chart 무제 문서 6 26,983 March 31, 2008 March Monthly Chart 무제 문서 12 29,161 ===Singles included in album=== Date Title Chart position 2007-06-13 "Lovin' You" 2 2007-08-01 "Summer: Summer Dream/Song for You/Love in the Ice" 2 2007-09-19 "Shine/Ride On" 2 2007-11-14 "Forever Love" 4 2007-12-09 "Together" 3 2008-01-16 "Purple Line" 1 ==References== Category:2008 albums Category:TVXQ albums Category:Avex Group albums Category:Japanese-language albums
240px|thumb|right|(detailed) Close-up of hieroglyphs; 2 uses of t. The ancient Egyptian Bread bun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. X1 for the side view of a bread bun. It is also the simple shape of a semicircle. The hieroglyph is listed under the Gardiner category of loaves and cakes. The bread bun hieroglyph is used in the Ancient Egyptian language hieroglyphs for the alphabetic consonant letter t.Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, uniliteral: U23, p. 62-63. A later alternative t, is a pestle, with curved top, Gardiner U33. U33 =="Bread bun/semi-circle" as feminine determiner== Besides alphabetic-t, the bread bun is used for words that are feminine, as an end qualifying determinant, often shown before other qualifying ideograms or determinants in the hieroglyphic word block-(quadrat hieroglyphic block). It is one of the most frequently used signs in hieroglyphic writing. ==Palermo Stone== The t hieroglyph is used extensively throughout the Palermo Stone of the 24th to 23rd century BC, and it is used in the first row (Row I of VI), for the naming of King Tiu of Lower Egypt (a King of the North). ===Palermo Stone, King Series, Row I (predynastic)=== The following is the list of predynastic pharaohs (Nile Delta north) represented on the Palermo Piece of the 7-piece Palermo Stone: The sequence is in the proper order with the beginning Pharaoh on the right: (reading right-to-left, seven complete names pictured in year- registers): *Mekh, Wazner, Neheb, Thesh, Tiu (Tiu), Khayu, Hsekiu. \---- .G17:F32.M13:K5.N35:U14.V13:N39..X1*M17:G43..L6:E9.S29:D28 *Owl...Papyrus...Ripple......Tether...Bread&Feather.Bivalve...Cloth; *Belly.....Fish......Plow........Lake.............Quail.........Newborn...Ka Note: On the Palermo Stone all the hieroglyphs face in the other direction (Gardiner signs are only facing left; on the stone they face right (reading right-to-left)). The source of the following Pharaohs is only from this King List; a few have artifacts that further confirm their reign (the Double Falcon King). The pharaohs deficient in information are: Hsekiu, Khayu, Tiu (pharaoh), Thesh, Neheb, Wazner, Mekh. File:Narmer-Tjet2.JPG|Narmer Palette detail, from late 3rd millennium Ancient Egypt File:PelermoStoneFragment- PetrieMuseum.png|Nile River flood levels recorded on 1-piece of the 7--piece Palermo Stone. Note the 2-uses of t. File:Pietra di Palermo (geroglifici) 1.jpg|Palermo piece (at Palermo Museum), of the 7--piece Palermo Stone ==The Egyptian hieroglyph alphabetic letters== The following two tables show the Egyptian uniliteral signs. (24 letters, but multiple use hieroglyphs) a G1 y M17-M17 ' D36 (w,u) G43 B b P p M G17 N N35 R D21 H1 h H2 H Kh2 F32 S O34 (Sh)=Š N37 Q/K2 N29 K k T t Ch--Tj V13 D d Dj I10 L/(R) (special) (Ptolemaic, etc.) E23 \-- -- -- -- a i (ee) y ii ' ah, (aïn) w, (u) (oo) B P F M N R H1 H2 (Kh)1 (Kh)2 S Sh (Sh) K emphatic K G T Tj Ch Tsh D Dj (additionally 4 for vert/horiz) -- -- -- -- -- Aa15 M (horiz) M2-Plinth S3 N (vert) (see: N (red crown)) S29 S (vert) S (folded) cloth) File:Egyptian-M.png M (3rd-M -2nd-vert) M3-Baker's tool (vertical) (additionally 3 for equivalents) -- -- -- -- -- M17-M17-(2-reeds) is--Z4-(2-strokes) y2-Two strokes G43-(quail) is--Z7-(coil) letter w, u (see w2-Coil) U33 T (no. 2) T2-Pestle ==See also== *Gardiner's Sign List#X. Loaves and Cakes *List of Egyptian hieroglyphs ==References== ==Bibliography== *Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, ) Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: alphabet-vulture-a-to-cobra-dj Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: loaves and cakes
thumb|right|Earlier design of the cover of T: The New York Times Style Magazine T: The New York Times Style Magazine is a perfect-bound magazine publication of The New York Times newspaper dedicated to fashion, living, beauty, holiday, travel, and design coverage. It was launched in August 2004. It was published 13 times per year between 2013 and 2016, and since January 2017 has been published 11 times per year. It is distributed with the Sunday edition of the newspaper. Janet Froelich was creative director until 2009. T is not a supplement of The New York Times Magazine, but a distinct publication with its own staff. Since December 2007, an international edition has been distributed with the weekend edition of The New York Times International Edition (or International New York Times, formerly the International Herald Tribune). In 2010, its first country-specific edition, T Qatar was launched by Ravi Raman. It was followed by T China, T Japan, T Singapore and T Spain the first licensed edition in the European market. ==Editorship== Stefano Tonchi was editor until 2010; his replacement was Sally Singer. Singer left in 2012 and was replaced by Deborah Needleman. In 2013, Brendan Monaghan was announced as the first publisher, whilst Monaghan and Sebastian Tomich were jointly named vice presidents of advertising. Monaghan departed T in 2015 and in March 2016, former Women's Health Associate Publisher, Elizabeth Webbe Lunny joined the magazine as Vice President and Publisher. Deborah Needleman left T in late November 2016, after four years in the position. Executive editor Whitney Vargas was filling in for Needleman in the interim, but Vargas left the magazine in February. T's previous articles editor Nick Haramis recently took the job of editor-in-chief of Interview magazine. Under Needleman's leadership, T underwent a redesign and increased its ad pages. The luxury magazine had its ad pages grow by 30 percent in the first three quarters of 2016, compared to the same period in 2012, to 934 pages, according to Business of Fashion. Since the editorial departures, T’s advertising business under Lunny has largely been down with steep declines in paging in key 2017 Women's & Men's Spring Fashion issues. In 2017, Hanya Yanagihara took the helm as the editor-in-chief of T. ==Awards== The American Society of Magazine Editors' National Magazine Awards, sometimes known as "Ellies," were given to the New York Times Style Magazine and the New York Times Magazine in 2019. Both publications are owned by the same company. In 2021, the New York Times Style Magazine won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence, Service, and Lifestyle, one of the most prestigious honors given by the American Society of Magazine Editors each year. Mamadi Doumbouya, a photographer who works with the Magazine, was named a recipient of an ASME Next award. T also had a finalist in the video category for "Long Island’s Enduring Black Beachfront Community," directed by Joshua Kissi. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Lifestyle magazines published in the United States Category:Magazines established in 2004 Category:Magazines published in New York City Category:The New York Times Category:Newspaper supplements Category:Sunday magazines
t is a novel by Victor Pelevin first published in 2009. The novel recounts the journey of the martial arts master Count T. (a reference to Leo Tolstoy), who escapes from his home persecuted by the tsarist police and makes his way to the Optina Monastery, which in the context of this novel takes on the features not of the famous monastery of Orthodoxy, but of some Shambhala, or some obscure place of spiritual enlightenment that exists in the real world. The leitmotif of this novel-metaphor is the relationship between author and hero, creator and creature, predestination and free will. ==Plot== The main hero of the book, Count T., also known as Iron Beard, is a menace of villains and a favorite of the capital's "yellow" press, an adventurer and bon vivant, an expert in cross-dressing, a master of martial arts "naznas" (or "non- resistance to evil by violence"), a good shooter an excellent thrower of knives and other sharpened objects. The action of the novel begins in the early 20th century, on the train. In the compartment traveling gentleman in a checkered jacket and a priest, they are talking about Count Tolstoy. Then all of a sudden they pull out their pistols. It turns out that one is a disguised Count T., and the other is a detective who is after him. The Count leaps from the window of the train, and the gendarmes knock on the compartment door. The prototype of this grotesque character was, of course, the great Russian classic Leo Tolstoy, who turned into a superhero, a "Russian Zorro" with the battle cry "Beware! As is the custom with superheroes, Count T. makes a quest – to spite his enemies seeks the Optina Monastery, of which, due to a slight concussion, he remembers nothing but the name. On his way he sweeps away hordes of foes and has enlightened conversations with his compartment mate, the provincial landlady and the gypsy baron... Pretty soon Count T. learns that he is only a character in a book that is composed not even by one author, and the whole brigade of literary slaves, working at the request of a publishing house, expecting to earn money on the novel. From this moment begins traditional for Pelevin arguments about what is the author, the world, the reader – and whether there is at all Count T., if all his words, thoughts and actions are no more than letters on the monitor, and his life irreversibly changes depending on whether the team of authors is writing an action movie, a patriotic drama or content for a computer shooter. Other extraordinary figures also appear on the pages of the book: Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, a champion of axe-fighting and dismemberment of dead souls, Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov, Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev, and some others. Like most of Pelevinin's novels, this one, too, is divided into exactly three parts. * 1. The false facade, the imitation of reality. * 2. The hero's gradual epiphany and dealing with all sorts of clues that explain to him that everything is not really what it seems. * 3. Finally, the hero's attempt to become himself, to get out of false fetters. The difference between this novel and the previous ones is the unexpectedly loud, humanistic ending. The heroes of previous novels, having achieved true knowledge, most often simply left our world, moving into another, either joyfully bright or sadly sad. In this novel, the hero discovers that he does in fact exist, that he is not a fiction, and that those who allegedly manipulate him are in fact only suggesting it. At the end of the novel, Tolstoy is already talking to his horse without fear, for he knows that although demons do exist, they simply cannot be succumbed to. The horse reads his new poems to the Count. ==References== Category:Novels by Victor Pelevin Category:2009 novels Category:2009 Russian novels
T 1173/97 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued July 1, 1998 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: P. K. J. van den Berg Members: V. Di Cerbo, R. R. K. Zimmermann T 1173/97, also known as Computer program product/IBM or simply Computer program product, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on July 1, 1998. It is a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(2) and (3) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) and whether computer programs are excluded from patentability under the EPC. It mainly held that :"a computer program product is not excluded from patentability under if, when it is run on a computer, it produces a further technical effect which goes beyond the "normal" physical interactions between program (software) and computer (hardware)".T 1173/97, headnote 1. Decision T 1173/97 distinguished computer programs with a technical character from those with a non-technical character, and was thus based on an approach differing "Slightly different" according to the Board, in reasons 11. 5. from the view taken by a number of previous decisions of the Boards of Appeal that all computer programs were excluded under Art. 52(2)(c) and (3) EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 11.1. Examples of such previous decisions are cited in the reasons 11.2. T 1173/97, along with T 935/97 (not published in the Official Journal of the EPO), are considered to be "groundbreaking decisions".Ian Muir, Matthias Brandi-Dohrn, Stephan Gruber, European Patent Law: Law and Procedure Under the EPC and PCT, 2002, Oxford University Press, , page 135 (see also page 137). The Enlarged Board of Appeal has described T 1173/97 as :"seminal in its definition of 'further technical effect' and abandonment of the contribution approach to [the exclusion under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC]".Opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.8.1. == Reasoning == The Board first examined the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 2.1. It confirmed that the TRIPS Agreement could not be directly applied to the EPC, but thought it appropriate to take the TRIPS Agreement into consideration, since it "gives a clear indication of current trends".T 1173/97, reasons 2.3. The Board considered that "it is the clear intention of TRIPS [and in particular Art. 27(1) TRIPS Art. 27(1) TRIPS states that "patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application".] not to exclude from patentability any inventions, whatever field of technology they belong to, and therefore, in particular, not to exclude programs for computers". The Board however pointed out that "the only source of substantive patent law for examining European patent applications [at that moment was] the European Patent Convention".T 1173/97, reasons 3. The Board therefore considered Art. 52(2) and (3) EPC and concluded that the combination of Art. 52(2) and (3) EPC (exclusion of computer programs, but only when the application relates to computer programs "as such") "demonstrates that the legislators did not want to exclude from patentability all programs for computers".T 1173/97, reasons 4.1. The Board then endeavored to determine the meaning of the expression "as such" in Article 52(3) EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 4.2. It concluded that, if a computer program has a technical character, it should be considered patentable, since the technical character of an invention is generally accepted as an essential requirement for its patentability,T 1173/97, reasons 5.1 to 5.4. In other words, "having technical character means not being excluded from patentability under the "as such" provision pursuant to Article 52(3) EPC."T 1173/97, reasons 9.4. === Technical character === The Board next held that :"[for] the purpose of interpreting the exclusion from patentability of programs for computers under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC, ... programs for computers cannot be considered as having a technical character for the very reason that they are programs for computers".T 1173/97, reasons 6.1. otherwise, since all computer programs are suitable to run on a computer, no distinction could be made between, on the one hand, computer programs with a technical character and, on the other hand, computer programs as such.T 1173/97, reasons 6.3. In other words, the mere fact that an invention is a computer program is not a sufficient reason to conclude that it has a technical character, when interpreting these legal provisions. The technical character of computer programs, in view of these provisions, was found by the Board in the "further effects deriving from the execution (by the hardware) of the instructions given by the computer program", where these further effects have a technical character.T 1173/97, reasons 6.4. An invention which brings about a technical effect may be considered to be an invention. A computer program must be considered to be invention within the meaning of Art. 52(1) EPC if it produces a technical effect.T 1173/97, reasons 6.5. Elaborating more on the further technical effect, the Board held that "a computer program product may ... possess a technical character because it has the potential to cause a predetermined further technical effect." Therefore "computer programs products are not excluded from patentability under all circumstances". To summarize, the Board held that: :"a computer program claimed by itself is not excluded from patentability if the program, when running on a computer or loaded into a computer, brings about, or is capable of bringing about, a technical effect which goes beyond the "normal" physical interactions between the program (software) and the computer (hardware) on which it is run".T 1173/97, reasons 13. The Board also took the view that :"it does not make any difference whether a computer program is claimed by itself or as a record on a carrier". === Remittal === The case was then remitted to the first instance, i.e. the Examining Division, for further prosecution, and "in particular for examination of whether the wording of the ... claims [avoided] exclusion from patentability under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC."T 1173/97, order 2. === Opinion on the contribution approach === The Board also used the opportunity to state that "determining the technical contribution an invention achieves with respect to the prior art is ... more appropriate for the purpose of examining novelty and inventive step than for deciding on possible exclusion under Article 52(2) and (3)."T 1173/97, reasons 8. This was later emphasized in decisions T 931/95 and T 258/03. == Later legal developments == As explained by the Enlarged Board of Appeal in its opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, one particular view taken by the Board in decision T 1173/97 was not followed by later case law, in particular by later decision T 424/03. The Board in T 1173/97 took the view that it did not make any difference whether a computer program is claimed by itself or as a record on a carrier (in both cases a "further technical effect" would be required to comply with Article 52(2) and (3) EPC). This view however has been considered by the Enlarged Board of Appeal as contrary to the own premises of T 1173/97.Opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.8.8. The Board in T 424/03 (following and extending the reasoning of decision T 258/03) came to the conclusion that a claim to a computer program on a computer-readable medium necessarily avoids exclusion from patentability under Article 52(2) EPC,G 3/08, Reasons 10.7. restricting the need of a "further technical effect" (to meet the provisions of Article 52(2) and (3) EPC) to computer programs claimed by themselves (i.e., not claimed on a computer-readable medium for instance). == See also == * Software patents under the European Patent Convention * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * G 3/08, opinion issued by the Enlarged Board of Appeal following a referral by the President of the European Patent Office on the question of patentability of computer programs; the referral was eventually rejected as inadmissible == Notes and references == == External links == * Decision T 1173/97 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:1998 in case law Category:1998 in Europe
T 258/03 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued April 21, 2004 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: S. V. Steinbrener Members: R. S. Wibergh, B. J. Schachenmann T 258/03, also known as Auction Method/Hitachi, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on April 21, 2004. It is a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(1) and (2) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) which built on the principles suggested by the same Board in T 641/00 (Comvik, Two identities). This decision, amongst others, but notably this one and T 641/00, significantly affected the assessment of an invention’s technical character and inventive step. It mainly stated that "a method involving technical means [was] an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC"T 258/03, headnote 1 and in stating so contrasts with T 931/95 (Pension Benefit Systems Partnership), which held that "the mere fact that data processing and computing means, i.e. technical means, [were] recited in a method claim [did] not necessarily confer a technical character to the claimed method".T 931/95, Reasons 3 T 258/03 put apparatus and method claims on an equal footing for the patentability examination of Article 52(2) EPC. In other words, the Board of Appeal in this decision "pointed the way to the new test and argued that the term ‘invention’ in the definition of patentable inventions set out in Article 52(1) of the EPC was merely to be construed as ‘subject matter having technical character’. Thus, the presence of computer hardware in a claim to a business method, providing a technical character, would now be sufficient to overcome the business method objection, regardless of technical contribution."Nick Reeve, Down to business, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, July 2007; 2: 445 - 451. == Reasoning on patentable subject- matter == The invention in the application under examination related to an "automatic Dutch auction method executed in a server computer". The Board of Appeal first made it clear that: # there are four requirements to be fulfilled for some claimed subject-matter to be patented: "(1) it should be an "invention", and this invention must be (2) new, (3) inventive, and (4) industrially applicable",T 258/03, Reasons 3.1 that # the term "invention" is to be construed as "subject-matter having technical character", and finally that # the "verification that claimed subject-matter is an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC" must be done before performing the three other tests, i.e. the novelty, the inventive step and the industrial applicability tests. Consequently, and having regard to the structure of the EPC, the Board held that "it should be possible to determine whether subject- matter is excluded under Article 52(2) EPC without any knowledge of the state of the art (including common general knowledge)". This approach confirmed that the Boards of Appeal of the EPO have abandoned the "contribution approach", which consisted in deciding whether a claimed subject-matter is an invention by deciding whether it brought forward a contribution to the art in a field non excluded from patentability, and therefore by inherently taking into account prior art during this first step.T 258/03, Reasons 3.2 and 3.3 The Board then confirmed the fact that a mixture of technical and non-technical feature may be patentable,T 258/03, Reasons 3.4 and inferred that "a compelling reason for not refusing under Article 52(2) EPC subject-matter consisting of technical and non-technical features is simply that the technical features may in themselves turn out to fulfil all requirements of Article 52(1) EPC."T 258/03, Reasons 3.5 Therefore, an apparatus claim comprising clearly technical features such as a "server computer", "client computers" and a "network" is an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC (as held in T 931/95).T 258/03, Reasons 3.7 But, the Board also held that the approach also applies to method claims, thus departing from T 931/95. The Board justified this with the following analysis: :"an assessment of the technical character of a method based on the degree of banality of the technical features of the claim would involve remnants of the contribution approach by implying an evaluation in the light of the available prior art or common general knowledge."T 258/03, Reasons 4.3 What may be viewed as general guidelines for the examination of patentable subject-matter under the EPC were then stated or confirmed: :"What matters having regard to the concept of "invention" within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC is the presence of technical character which may be implied by the physical features of an entity or the nature of an activity, or may be conferred to a nontechnical activity by the use of technical means. Hence, (...), activities falling within the notion of a non-invention "as such" would typically represent purely abstract concepts devoid of any technical implications."T 258/03, Reasons 4.5 == Consequences == This "comparatively broad interpretation of the term "invention" in Article 52(1) EPC will include activities which are so familiar that their technical character tends to be overlooked, such as the act of writing using pen and paper." However, as the Board put it, "this does not imply that all methods involving the use of technical means are patentable. They still have to be new, represent a non-obvious technical solution to a technical problem, and be susceptible of industrial application."T 258/03, Reasons 4.6 == Reasoning on inventive step == Although the claims were held to be inventions within the meaning of Article 52(1), (2) and (3) EPC, they were found to lack inventive step. The application was refused. More precisely, the invention was viewed as a mixture of technical and non-technical features, and was assessed with respect to the requirement of inventive step by taking account only the features which contributing to a technical character (in accordance with the principles of T 641/00).T 258/03, Reasons 5.3 No step of the claimed method was found to be designed "in such a way as to be particularly suitable for being performed on a computer" so that it may have contribute in a technical manner to inventive step.T 258/03, Reasons 5.8 A particular method step which may have been a candidate involving technical contribution was found by the Board to result from "a routine programming measure well within the reach of the skilled person". == See also == * G 3/08, opinion of the Enlarged Board of Appeal * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * Software patents under the European Patent Convention == References == == External links == * Decision T 258/03 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2004 in case law Category:2004 in Europe Category:Auction case law
T 641/00 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued September 26, 2002 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: S. V. Steinbrener Members: S. C. Perryman, R. R. K. Zimmermann T 641/00, also known as Two identities/COMVIK, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on September 26, 2002. It is a landmark decision regarding the patentable subject matter requirement and inventive step under the European Patent Convention (EPC). More generally, it is a significant decision regarding the patentability of business methods and computer-implemented inventions under the EPC. The Board in T 641/00 held that: :An invention consisting of a mixture of technical and non-technical features and having technical character as a whole is to be assessed with respect to the requirement of inventive step by taking account of all those features which contribute to said technical character whereas features making no such contribution cannot support the presence of inventive step.T 641/00, Headnote 1. Non-technical aspects of an invention must be treated as constraints in the formulation of the objective technical problem in the context of the problem- solution approach, the approach which is generally applied by the EPO for assessing whether an invention involves an inventive step.T 641/00, Headnote 2. == Background == European patent was granted on March 5, 1997, and related to a digital mobile telephone system using of a single-user multi-identity IC card (multi-identity SIM card). The patent was opposed and was revoked on lack of inventive step by the Opposition Division.Pursuant to The patent proprietor, Comvik GSM AB, appealed the revocation decision. == Reasoning == The Board based its reasoning on the "problem-solution approach" "according to which an invention is to be understood as a solution to a technical problem".T 641/00, Reasons 5. The "problem-solution approach" comprises and requires the following steps: * an "identification of the technical field of the invention (which will also be the field of expertise of the person skilled in the art to be considered for the purpose of assessing inventive step)," * an "identification of the closest prior art in this field", * an "identification of the technical problem which can be regarded as solved in relation to this closest prior art, and * an "assessment of whether or not the technical feature(s) which alone or together form the solution claimed, could be derived as a whole by the skilled person in that field in an obvious manner from the state of the art". If no technical problem can be derived from the application, then an invention within the meaning of does not exist, and the claimed subject-matter is not patentable. Where a feature in the claim cannot be considered as contributing to the solution of any technical problem by providing a technical effect it has no significance for the purpose of assessing inventive step.T 641/00, Reasons 6. "[W]here the claim refers to an aim to be achieved in a nontechnical field, this aim may legitimately appear in the formulation of the [objective technical problem] as part of the framework of the technical problem that is to be solved, in particular as a constraint that has to be met."T 641/00, Reasons 7. The technical professional or skilled person would, in a realistic situation, receive knowledge of the features which do not as such make a contribution to the technical character of the invention (the non-technical features) as part of the task information given to him (the objective technical problem).T 641/00, Reasons 13 and 14. In other words, it is permissible to include non-technical features into the formulation of the technical problem, so that they cannot support a finding of inventive step. "The skilled person [is] an expert in a technical field. If the technical problem is concerned with a computer implementation of a business, actuarial or accountancy system, the skilled person [is] someone skilled in data processing, and not merely a business man, actuary or accountant."T 641/00, Reasons 8. Based on this reasoning, the Board considered that the invention as claimed in the patent did not meet the requirement of inventive step and upheld the opposition decision to revoke the patent.T 641/00, Reasons 1. == Interpretation == On June 2, 2006, the Board in decision T 928/03 ("Video game/KONAMI") interpreted the Comvik decision. It held that applying the approach of T 641/00 in a fair manner, i.e. treating non- technical aspects as constraints in the formulation of the technical problem, must bear in mind its purpose: on the one hand, the approach is to make sure that non-technical aspects do not support a finding of inventiveness; on the other hand, actual contributions to the technical character by any feature of an invention must be taken into account when assessing inventive step. == See also == * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * Software patents under the European Patent Convention == References == == External links == * Decision T 641/00 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2002 in case law Category:2002 in Europe
T 931/95 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued September 8, 2000 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: P. K. J. van den Berg Members: R. R. K. Zimmermann, V. Di Cerbo T 931/95, commonly known as Pension Benefit Systems Partnership, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on September 8, 2000. At the time, it was a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(1) and (2) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) but has now largely been superseded by the decisions in T 641/00 (Comvik, Two identities) and T 258/03 (Hitachi, Auction Method). It stated that having a technical character is an implicit requirement of the EPC to be met by an invention in order to be patentable.T 931/95, headnote 1 In other words, the technical character requirement is inherent to the notion "invention" in Article 52(1).T 931/95, Reasons 5 It also confirmed that methods only involving economic concepts and practices of doing business, or methods for doing business as such, are not inventions within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC, and are therefore not patentable.T 931/95, headnote 2 In 2001, decision T 931/95, along with decision T 769/92 ("Sohei case"), were considered the most relevant cases from the EPO Boards of Appeal regarding business methods.Yannis Skulikaris, Software-Related Inventions and Business- Related Inventions, Patent World, February 2001. == Decision == The Board of Appeal first drew a distinction between a method for doing business as such, excluded under Article 52(2)(c) EPC (Article 52(2) EPC provides that methods for doing business are not regarded as inventions within the meaning of ), and a method for doing business having a technical character.T 931/95, Reasons 3 The mere fact that data processing and computing means, i.e. technical means, are recited in a method claim does not necessarily confer a technical character to the claimed method. In other words, "technical means for a purely nontechnical purpose and/or for processing purely nontechnical information does not necessarily confer technical character". In contrast, regarding an apparatus claim, the Board stated that This distinction of treatment between methods and apparatuses is justified by the mention of "method" but not apparatus in the exclusion of Art. 52(2)(c) EPC. The recent decision T 258/03 does not make this distinction between method and apparatus claims anymore. Regarding the fact that the meaning of the term "technical" or "technical character" may not be particularly clear, the Board stated this also applied to the term "invention". "(...) [T]he fact that the exact meaning of a term may be disputed does in itself not necessarily constitute a good reason for not using that term as a criterion, certainly not in the absence of a better term: case law may clarify the issue." The Board also rejected the so-called "contribution approach",Nick Reeve, Down to business, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, July 2007; 2: 445 - 451. which consists in distinguishing between "new features" of an invention and features of that invention which are known from the prior art when examining whether the invention concerned may be considered to be an invention within the meaning of Art. 52(1) EPC. Although the claim under examination was found to meet Art. 52 EPC requirement, the claim was eventually considered to lack inventive step.T 931/95, Reasons 8 The improvement put forward by the invention belonged to the field of economy and could not therefore contribute to inventive step. == See also == * Software patents under the European Patent Convention * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC == References == == External links == * Decision T 931/95 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2000 in case law Category:2000 in Europe
T A Dellaca Ltd v PDL Industries Ltd [1992] 3 NZLR 88 is a cited case in New Zealand law regarding the requirement of some form of signature on a document required under the Contracts Enforcement Act 1956. ==References== *R D Mulholland, "Part performance: Back to classical theory" in "Law of contract" [1993] NZLJ 109. See further pages 291 and 361. *The Abridgement of New Zealand Case Law. Permanent Supplement (No 5) to Volumes 1 to 18. Butterworths. Wellington. 1995. Pages 217 and 1244. Google *New Zealand Recent Law Review 1994. Page 35. *[1994] NZLJ 396 and 397 *[1997] NZLJ 104 *(2000) New Zealand Law Journal 196 and 197 *Butterworths Current Law Digest. 2004. Page 116. Google *Butterworths Current Law. 1992. Paragraphs 202 and 264. Google *Butterworths Current Law. 1993. Pages 250 and 257. Google *(1998) 13 Journal of Contract Law 111 *Stephen Todd and Jeremy Finn. Contract Law in New Zealand. Fourth Edition. Wolters Kluwer. 2019. Note 412. *David Wright. Remedies. Federation Press. 2010. Page 174. Google *I C F Spry. The Principles of Equitable Remedies. Fifth Edition. LBC Information Services. 1997. Page 267. *Stephen Mason. Electronic Signatures in Law. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2012. Pages 51 and 64. Category:High Court of New Zealand cases Category:New Zealand contract case law Category:1991 in New Zealand law Category:1991 in case law
T Andromedae (T And) is a variable star of the Mira type in the constellation Andromeda. Like all the stars of this kind, T And is a cool asymptotic giant branch star of spectral type M4e-M7.5e. Its brightness varies periodically, completing a cycle in 281 days. The peak luminosity, however, is different every variability cycle, but can reach a peak magnitude mv=7.70.General Catalogue of Variable Stars, s.v. T. And. Thomas David Anderson discovered that T Andromedae is a variable star, in 1894. The next year, Edward Charles Pickering examined archival photographic plates to derive a light curve for the star, and calculated a period of 281 days. Measurements of the angular size variations of T And made with the Palomar Testbed Interferometer show no clear correlation with the star's brightness variations. ==References== ==External links== *Image Category:Andromeda (constellation) 001795 Category:Mira variables Andromedae, T Category:M-type giants Category:Emission-line stars Category:Durchmusterung objects
T Antliae (also abbreviated T Ant) is a Classical Cepheid variable star that is between 10 and 12,000 light-years away from the Sun in the constellation of Antlia. A yellow-white supergiant with a spectral type of F6Iab, it ranges between apparent magnitude 8.86 and 9.76 over a period of 5.89820 days. ==Variability== T Antliae varies in brightness regularly every 5.89820 days. The light curve is extremely consistent and shows a rapid rise taking 23% of the period, with a slower decline. The maximum brightness of apparent magnitude 8.86 and the minimum of 9.76 are also extremely consistent. The amplitude, light curve shape, period, and consistency, all mark T Antliae as a Cepheid variable. However, the exact sub-type has been debated. It has been considered a type II Cepheid, and old population II star, but is now thought to be a younger more massive Classical Cepheid variable, also known as a δ Cepheid. The period has been calculated to be increasing by about half a second per year. The increasing period implies that the effective temperature of T Antliae is decreasing, something that would happen both during the initial crossing of the instability strip after a star has left the main sequence, and again following a blue loop. The first crossing of the instability strip is very rapid and T Antliae is judged to be crossing it for the third time (the second time occurs with increasing temperature at the start of the blue loop). The brightness changes of Cepheid variables are caused by pulsations in their outer layers, causing both the temperature and radius to change. The radius of T Antliae has been calculated to vary by as it pulsates, around 10% of its radius. The temperature, and hence the spectral type, also vary. Spectral types between F6 and G5 have been published for T Antliae. == Stellar system == The timing of the light variations of T Antliae show a small scatter which can be fitted to a sine curve. This has been proposed to be due to light travel time caused by orbital movement of the variable star. This is based on somewhat uncertain data from old photograph records, and there is no confirmation of a companion. A compatible orbit would take 42.4 years to complete, with a semimajor axis around 10.8 Astronomical Units. A sparse open cluster lies around the position of T Antliae. Fitting of isochrones to the brighter stars shows a main sequence turnoff consistent with the position of T Antliae in the H-R diagram. The bluest stars in the cluster, and T Antliae itself, best match an isochrone of 100 million years. Fitting to redder stars in the cluster gives an age of around 79 million years. == References == Category:Antlia Category:Binary stars Category:Classical Cepheid variables Category:F-type supergiants Antliae, T 046924 Category:Durchmusterung objects
T App Folio is an integrated app for government to citizen provided by Government of Telangana in India. The service, as a part of Mee Seva 2.0, an integrated app that provides services like Mee Seva services, RTA services, fee payments and bill payment services etc.IT Minister KT Rama Rao launches T App Folio It is available in Telugu and English.Technology should help common man: KTR | The Siasat Daily ==History== It was launched on 28 February 2018 by IT minister of Telangana, K. T. Rama Rao.Telangana launches m-Governance app ==Services== Around 150 services including the most used services like MeeSeva, RTA services, fee payments and bill payments. Other informational services like location services like MeeSeva centers, Ration shops, Hy-Fi hotspots are available on the app. ==Platform== The platform supports single sign on feature for using multiple services in on go. It is now extended to mobile platform under M-Governance. T app folio is an app with 180 services from various departments bundled into one single app, similar to Government of India’s, UMANG.Telangana moves to mobile governance – The Hindu ==References== Category:Government of Telangana Category:Electronic funds transfer Category:Mobile payments Category:Online payments Category:Payment systems Category:E-government in India
thumb|left|Location of T Aurigae (circled in red) T Aurigae (or Nova Aurigae 1891) was a nova, which lit up in the constellation Auriga in 1891. Thomas David Anderson, an amateur astronomer in Edinburgh, reported that he was "almost certain" he saw the nova at 02:00 UT on 24 January 1892, when it was slightly brighter than χ Aurigae (apparent magnitude 4.74). He mistook the star for 26 Aurigae, although he noted to himself that it seemed brighter than he remembered it being. He saw it twice more during the following week. On 31 January 1892 he realized his mistake, and wrote a note to Ralph Copeland (the Astronomer Royal of Scotland) reporting his discovery. Professor Copeland immediately reported the discovery via telegram to William Huggins, who made the first spectroscopic observations of T Aurigae on 2 February 1892, when the star was a magnitude 4.5 object. T Aurigae was the first nova to be observed spectroscopically. Strope and Schaefer report that the peak brightness of T Aurigae was magnitude 4.5,. Pre-discovery images on photographic plates allowed the a light curve beginning in late 1891 to be constructed. AAVSO data shows that T Aurigae's quiescent magnitude is 15.3. In 1958 observations of the stars forming T Aurigae with the Crossley telescope showed that it is an eclipsing binary, with a period of 4.9 hours, and an eclipse depth of 0.18 magnitudes. T Aurigae was the third nova that was discovered to be a short- period eclipsing binary, and that discovery led to increased speculation that the nova phenomenon was connected to close binary star pairs. Today it is believed that all novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The stars are so close to each other that matter is transferred from the donor star to the white dwarf. ==Nebula== T Aurigae is surrounded by an emission nebula (shell) which is roughly elliptical (25 arc seconds by 19 arc seconds in size) and resembles a planetary nebula. Its 3-dimensional shape is similar to a prolate ellipsoid, but it has a central waist, making it shaped somewhat like a peanut. Santamaria et al. obtained images of this shell from 2016 through 2019 and by comparing those images to archival images dating back to 1956, they were able to determine that the shell is expanding at about 0.01 arc seconds per year, corresponding to an expansion velocity of about 350 km/sec. ==References== ==External links== * https://web.archive.org/web/20050912175943/http://www.tsm.toyama.toyama.jp/curators/aroom/var/nova/1600.htm Category:Novae Category:Auriga (constellation) Category:1892 in science Aurigae, T 036294 1841 Category:Durchmusterung objects
T Ball can refer to: *Tennis *Tee-ball or T-ball *Tetherball
right|thumb|The logo of the bank before the rebranding TBank (formerly Aspis Bank - ) was a commercial bank in Greece. Its headquarters were in Athens and it had 72 branches across Greece as of September 2008. The bank was being traded on the Athens Stock Exchange. Aspis Bank was rebranded as TBank on 20 July 2010, following its acquisition by TT Hellenic Postbank () http://www.capital.gr/Articles.asp?id=964001 (Greek)http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=12814&subid;=2&pubid;=46029148 (Greek) In 2013, the Eurobank Group acquired “New TT Hellenic Postbank S.A”. The operational merger of New TT Hellenic Postbank was completed in May 2014, with the integration of former T Bank systems. ==External links== * Official Website ==References== Category:Defunct banks of Greece Category:Companies formerly listed on the Athens Exchange Category:Greek companies established in 1992 Category:Banks established in 1992
T Battery (Shah Sujah's Troop) Royal Artillery is an air defence battery of the Royal Artillery that serves with the British Army's 12 Regiment Royal Artillery. It is stationed at Baker Barracks, Thorney Island, West Sussex. Formed 1838 as Shah Sujah's Troop, it was part of Shah Sujah's force that attempted to restore him to power in Afghanistan. After the assassination of Shah Sujah in 1842, the battery was transferred to the Bengal Army of the Honourable East India Company. It remained loyal during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and took part in the Siege of Delhi where its commander, George Renny, won the Victoria Cross. In the aftermath, it was transferred to the British Army's Royal Horse Artillery (RHA), eventually becoming T Battery Royal Horse Artillery. It took part in the Second Boer War and the First World War (Western Front and in Italy). The post-war reductions in the RHA saw the battery revert to the Royal Artillery in 1920. In 1926 it was officially granted its Honour Title "Shah Sujah's Troop". It then took part in the Second World War (Middle East and Italy again). Since the Second World War, it has seen a wide variety of service as anti-tank and anti-aircraft gunners, as a towed and self-propelled anti-aircraft missile battery and as a Headquarters unit. It has spent much of that time in Germany as part of the BAOR, but also served in Northern Ireland (Operation Banner) and took part in the Falklands War and the Gulf War. The Bty disbanded on the 31/10/1991 with the bulk of the members of the Battery going to 9 Plassey Bty and forming Friday troop. Temporarily reroled to Javelin prior to being the first Troop to convert to the new weapon system HVM starstreak mounted on the Stormer AFV. The Battle honours and name of the Bty then went to the Regts HQ Bty thus then being called THQ Bty Shah Sukah's Troop RA. ==History== ===Early history=== The battery was formed on 13 September 1838 as Shah Sujah's Troop, Horse Artillery at Delhi and Meerut. It was raised as part of Shah Sujah's force of 6,000 troops which invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to restore him to power. Equipped with ten 6 pounder guns and two 12 pounder howitzers, it was twice the normal strength of a battery. It was commanded by Captain William Anderson of the Bengal Artillery. For two years, from the winter of 1839, it served at Kandahar. After the assassination of Shah Sujah in 1842, the battery was withdrawn to Ferozepore. It was transferred to the Bengal Army of the Honourable East India Company and became the 5th (Native) Troop, 1st Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery on 23 December 1842. It served in the First Anglo-Sikh War and on frontier expeditions. ===Indian Mutiny=== By the time the Indian Rebellion of 1857 broke out, the Bengal Horse Artillery had grown to 13 batteries, organized as three brigades. Four of these batteries were manned by sepoys (native Indian soldiers) and two mutinied: 4th Troop, 1st Brigade at Neemuch and 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade at Multan. Shah Sujah's Troop remained loyal and it took part in the Siege of Delhi where its commander, George Renny, won the Victoria Cross. All four Native Bengal batteries were promptly reformed as European units. As a result of the Rebellion, the British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858. The Presidency armies transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the British Army. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bengal Horse Artillery transferred to the Royal Artillery as its 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades. On transfer, Shah Sujah's Troop became E Battery, 2nd Horse Brigade (E/2 in short) at Allahabad. ===Late Victorian era=== A reorganization of the horse artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 2nd Brigade became C Brigade. As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the batteries were also redesignated and it became F/C Battery at Lucknow. This was the first in a bewildering series of redesignations. From 1866, the term "Royal Horse Artillery" appeared in Army List hence the battery was designated F/C Battery, Royal Horse Artillery from about this time. Further reoganisations saw the number of brigades reduced to three (of 10 batteries each) then two (of 13 batteries each) and consequently lead to the redesignation of the battery as F/D (16 January 1873), C/E (1 April 1875), C/C (1 July 1877), and N/B (28 March 1882). The brigade system was finally abolished on 1 July 1889. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation. The battery took on it final designation as T Battery, Royal Horse Artillery. Equipped with six 12 pounders, the battery was sent to South Africa with the 1st Cavalry Brigade and saw active service in the Second Boer War, notably at the Battle of Paardeberg (27 February 1900). ===First World War=== On 1 March 1901, a new brigade system was introduced, this time as a tactical, rather than administrative, formation. The battery was assigned to XIII Brigade- Division, RHA along with U Battery. In 1903 this was redesignated as XIII Brigade, RHA and was stationed in South Africa with the battery at Krugersdorp. By 1905 it was in India and it took part in the Rawalpindi Parade. On 1 October 1906, the brigade was redesignated as XI Brigade, RHA. By the time the First World War broke out, the battery had been re-equipped with six quick-firing 13 pounders. It was still assigned to XI Brigade (though U Battery was at Lucknow in India) and was stationed at Abbassia, Cairo serving in the Force in Egypt. It returned to Europe and joined XIV Brigade, 7th Division on the Western Front on 21 December 1914. It served with the division on the Western Front until February 1917. It missed the actions in 1914, but saw considerable action serving in the battles of Neuve Chapelle (1013 March 1915), Aubers Ridge (9 May), Festubert (1519 May), and Givenchy (15 and 16 June). On 19 June, the battery replaced its 13 pounders with six 18 pounders. It then took part in the Battle of Loos (25 September8 October 1915), the Somme (120 July and 37 September 1916) and the Operations on the Ancre (1115 January 1917). On 10 February 1917, the battery and brigade left 7th Division and became XIV Army Brigade, RHA. It moved to the Italian Front in December 1917, before returning to the Western Front in March 1918. At the Armistice, it was serving as Army Troops with the Third Army still armed six 18 pounders. ===Inter-war period=== Post-war plans for the RHA envisioned that it would have 27 batteries in nine brigades. XIV Brigade was disbanded in Germany in May 1919 and in June the battery returned to the United Kingdom and was stationed at Aldershot and Newbridge. Clarke states that the battery was assigned to IX Brigade, RHA which was based at Trowbridge with N, S and U Batteries but that it probably did not join the other batteries at Trowbridge as the brigade was broken up very soon after being organized. In contrast, Frederick says it joined IV Brigade, RHA which was at Newbridge and Kilkenny with I and L Batteries. In either case, the new organisation was short-lived as the usual post-war reductions took their toll and the Royal Horse Artillery was reduced to five brigades and 15 batteries. Consequently, on 4 May 1920, T Battery was redesignated as 146th Battery, RFA and joined 1st Brigade Royal Field Artillery. Between 1922 and 1924 it served with the brigade at the Royal School of Artillery at Larkhill. On 1 November 1922 it was redesignated as 111th Battery, RFA before resuming its original designation as T Battery, Royal Field Artillery on 1 March 1924 when it transferred to 15th Brigade Royal Field Artillery. As the Royal Field Artillery was reamalgamated into the Royal Artillery, it became T Battery, Royal Artillery on 1 May 1924. In commemoration of its origins, the Honour Title "Shah Sujah's Troop" was officially granted to the battery on 13 October 1926. With effect from May 1938, brigades were redesignated as regiments and 15th Brigade became 15th Field Regiment, RA. T Battery was still with the regiment on the outbreak of the Second World War with R, S and U Batteries and was stationed at Lahore, India. ===Second World War=== The battery served with 15th Field Regiment throughout the Second World War. In November 1940 they moved from Lahore to Rawalpindi. From 1938, field artillery brigades had been reorganized from three or four six-gun batteries to two 12-gun batteries. Rather than disband existing batteries, they were instead linked in pairs. Strangely, this did not happen in 15th Field Regiment until 12 November 1940 (after arrival in Rawalpindi) when T Battery was linked with R Battery as R/T Battery (and S and U batteries were linked as S/U Battery). The experience of the BEF in May 1940 had already shown the limitations of having artillery regiments formed with two 12-gun batteries: field regiments were intended to support an infantry brigade of three battalions (or armoured brigade of three regiments). This could not be managed without severe disruption to the regiment. As a result, field regiments were reorganised into three 8-gun batteries but this did not happen in 15th Field Regiment until November 1942. On 27 June 1941 it departed India and arrived in Iraq on 3 July where it was assigned to the 2nd Indian Armoured Brigade Group. It went with the brigade to Persia in August and returned to Iraq in October. It was at Quayarrah (or Qaiyara) on 31 January 1942 and Mosul on 31 March. It was unlinked from R Battery at Sheraiba (or Shuabia) on 9 November and was once again T Battery, RA. 2nd Indian Armoured Brigade (by now renumbered as 252nd Indian Armoured Brigade) came under the command of 31st Indian Armoured Division and the regiment came under the direct command of the division on 1 August 1942. It left the division and Iraq on 1 September 1943 when it was transferred to Egypt, arriving on 11 September. On 21 October, 31st Indian Armoured Division also arrived in Egypt and the regiment rejoined the division. The division was preparing to take part in the Italian Campaign; however more armoured formations were not needed in Italy and division remained in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon. On 15 November 1943, the regiment left the Indian establishment and was assigned to the 7th AGRA (Army Group Royal Artillery). By January 1944, the regiment had been equipped with Sexton 25 pounder self-propelled guns. In July 1944, it moved to Italy where it served with the British 8th Army and U.S. 5th Army. 15th Field Regiment ended the war in Italy as a self-propelled artillery regiment. ===Post-war=== Plans were put in place at the end of 1946 to create a total of eight RHA regiments to form the artillery element of the 6th and 7th Armoured Divisions in the British Army of the Rhine. 7th Regiment, RHA was to be an Anti-Tank Regiment with R, S, T and U Batteries. T Battery became RHA on 15 November 1946. Initially formed in the BAOR in October 1946, the decision was rescinded in March 1947 before the regiment was fully constituted. On 1 April 1947, the regiment became 12th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery and the battery reverted to Royal Artillery. It has remained with 12th Regiment ever since. Equipped with 17 pounder anti-tank guns, it was initially based in Palestine from May 1947 before returning to England (Woolwich) briefly in 1948. It then moved to Libya and on to Trieste in June 1950. In February 1951, it moved to Germany for the first time and joined the BAOR at Celle. On arrival in Germany, 12th Regiment was converted to the anti-aircraft role as part of 6th Armoured Division and the battery was re-equipped with Bofors guns (initially with the L/60 variant, later L/70). It spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in Germany, though from 1963 to 1966 it was at Tampin, Malaya (at the time of the confrontation). From 25 Nov 1971 to 17 Mar 1972 it undertook the first of nine roulement tours to Northern Ireland (Operation Banner) in the infantry role, either with 12th Regiment or separately. thumb|alt=Photograph of a missile in the process of launching in the night.|A Rapier missile speeds towards its target during a live firing exercise. It moved to Rapier Barracks, Kirton-in-Lindsay in August 1972. From July 1973, 9 (Plassey) Battery of the regiment began trials with the Rapier anti-aircraft missile and by September 1975 the regiment was back in Germany fully equipped with the new system. It returned to Rapier Barracks in May 1981 and was there when the Falklands War broke out. T Battery was dispatched to the South Atlantic to take part in the conflict. It was back in Germany in January 1985, by now equipped with Tracked Rapier. From there, it deployed to the Gulf in January 1991 to take part in the Gulf War. The Bty disbanded on the 31/10/1991 with the bulk of the members of the Battery going to 9 Plassey Bty and forming F troop. Temporarily reroled to Javelin prior to being the first Troop to convert to the new weapon system HVM starstreak mounted on the Stormer AFV. The Battle honours and name of the Bty then went to the Regts HQ Bty thus then being called THQ Bty Shah Sujah's Troop RA. In April 1993, T Battery rerolled as the Headquarters battery of 12th Regiment. It undertook a tour to Cyprus as part of UNFICYP (December 1995 to June 1996) and to Kosovo in 1999. It returned to England in 2009 and has been based at Baker Barracks, Thorney Island, West Sussex since then. ===Current status=== Under Army 2020 plans, 12th Regiment was reorganized. The battery relinquished its headquarters role to 170 (Imjin) Battery and was rerolled as a self-propelled air defence battery. It is equipped with Starstreak Surface-to-air missiles mounted on Stormer armoured vehicles. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries ==Notes== ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * * * * * ==External links== * * * Category:Royal Horse Artillery batteries Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1838 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1838 Category:Honourable East India Company regiments