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---
license: apache-2.0
---
# Model Card for luke-large-finetuned-conll-2003
# Model Details
## Model Description
LUKE (Language Understanding with Knowledge-based Embeddings) is a new pretrained contextualized representation of words and entities based on transformer.
- **Developed by:** Studio Ousia
- **Shared by [Optional]:** More information needed
- **Model type:** EntitySpanClassification
- **Language(s) (NLP):** More information needed
- **License:** Apache-2.0
- **Related Models:** [Luke-large](https://huggingface.co/studio-ousia/luke-large?text=Paris+is+the+%3Cmask%3E+of+France.)
- **Parent Model:** Luke
- **Resources for more information:**
- [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/studio-ousia/luke)
- [Associated Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.01057)
# Uses
## Direct Use
More information needed
## Downstream Use [Optional]
This model can also be used for the task of named entity recognition, cloze-style question answering, fine-grained entity typing, extractive question answering.
## Out-of-Scope Use
The model should not be used to intentionally create hostile or alienating environments for people.
# Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., [Sheng et al. (2021)](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.330.pdf) and [Bender et al. (2021)](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3442188.3445922)). Predictions generated by the model may include disturbing and harmful stereotypes across protected classes; identity characteristics; and sensitive, social, and occupational groups.
## Recommendations
Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
# Training Details
## Training Data
More information needed
## Training Procedure
### Preprocessing
More information needed
### Speeds, Sizes, Times
More information needed
# Evaluation
## Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
### Testing Data
More information needed
### Factors
### Metrics
LUKE achieves state-of-the-art results on five popular NLP benchmarks including
* **[SQuAD v1.1](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/)** (extractive
question answering),
* **[CoNLL-2003](https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/conll2003/ner/)** (named entity
recognition), **[ReCoRD](https://sheng-z.github.io/ReCoRD-explorer/)**
(cloze-style question answering),
* **[TACRED](https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/tacred/)** (relation
classification), and
* **[Open Entity](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~eunsol/html_pages/open_entity.html)** (entity typing).
## Results
The experimental results are provided as follows:
| Task | Dataset | Metric | LUKE-large | luke-base | Previous SOTA |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ | ----------------- | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Extractive Question Answering | [SQuAD v1.1](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) | EM/F1 | **90.2**/**95.4** | 86.1/92.3 | 89.9/95.1 ([Yang et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237)) |
| Named Entity Recognition | [CoNLL-2003](https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/conll2003/ner/) | F1 | **94.3** | 93.3 | 93.5 ([Baevski et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.07785)) |
| Cloze-style Question Answering | [ReCoRD](https://sheng-z.github.io/ReCoRD-explorer/) | EM/F1 | **90.6**/**91.2** | - | 83.1/83.7 ([Li et al., 2019](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-6011/)) |
| Relation Classification | [TACRED](https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/tacred/) | F1 | **72.7** | - | 72.0 ([Wang et al. , 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.01808)) |
| Fine-grained Entity Typing | [Open Entity](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~eunsol/html_pages/open_entity.html) | F1 | **78.2** | - | 77.6 ([Wang et al. , 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.01808)) |
Please check the [Github repository](https://github.com/studio-ousia/luke) for more details and updates.
# Model Examination
More information needed
# Environmental Impact
Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
- **Hardware Type:** More information needed
- **Hours used:** More information needed
- **Cloud Provider:** More information needed
- **Compute Region:** More information needed
- **Carbon Emitted:** More information needed
# Technical Specifications [optional]
## Model Architecture and Objective
More information needed
## Compute Infrastructure
More information needed
### Hardware
* transformers_version: 4.6.0.dev0
### Software
More information needed
# Citation
**BibTeX:**
```
@inproceedings{yamada2020luke,
title={LUKE: Deep Contextualized Entity Representations with Entity-aware Self-attention},
author={Ikuya Yamada and Akari Asai and Hiroyuki Shindo and Hideaki Takeda and Yuji Matsumoto},
booktitle={EMNLP},
year={2020}
}
```
# Glossary [optional]
More information needed
# More Information [optional]
More information needed
# Model Card Authors [optional]
Studio Ousia in collaboration with Ezi Ozoani and the Hugging Face team
# Model Card Contact
More information needed
# How to Get Started with the Model
Use the code below to get started with the model.
<details>
<summary> Click to expand </summary>
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, LukeForEntitySpanClassification
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("studio-ousia/luke-large-finetuned-conll-2003")
model = LukeForEntitySpanClassification.from_pretrained("studio-ousia/luke-large-finetuned-conll-2003")
```
</details>
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