0,1,2,3,4,5,correct,choiceA_probs,choiceB_probs,choiceC_probs,choiceD_probs
A lesion causing compression of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen will cause ipsilateral,paralysis of the facial muscles.,paralysis of the facial muscles and loss of taste.,"paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste and lacrimation.","paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste, lacrimation and decreased salivation.",A,False,0.11440760642290115,0.24220089614391327,0.27444958686828613,0.24220089614391327
"A ""dished face"" profile is often associated with",a protruding mandible due to reactivation of the condylar cartilage by acromegaly.,a recessive maxilla due to failure of elongation of the cranial base.,an enlarged frontal bone due to hydrocephaly.,defective development of the maxillary air sinus.,B,True,0.1767367720603943,0.29138967394828796,0.20026899874210358,0.1767367720603943
Which of the following best describes the structure that collects urine in the body?,Bladder,Kidney,Ureter,Urethra,A,True,0.34792381525039673,0.34792381525039673,0.05335584655404091,0.09968184679746628
Which of the following structures is derived from ectomesenchyme?,Motor neurons,Skeletal muscles,Melanocytes,Sweat glands,C,False,0.13807585835456848,0.37532904744148254,0.13807585835456848,0.2008991688489914
Which of the following describes the cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron in the kidney?,Afferent arteriole,Glomerulus,Loop of Henle,Renal pelvis,B,True,0.19546133279800415,0.36516982316970825,0.13433848321437836,0.15222541987895966
A patient suffers a broken neck with damage to the spinal cord at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.,They will be unable to breathe without life support.,They will only be able to breathe quietly.,It is impossible to predict an effect on breathing.,Breathing will be unaffected.,B,False,0.12689153850078583,0.23706459999084473,0.16293194890022278,0.34492695331573486
Which of the following anatomical regions of abdomen lies just distal to the sternum?,Epigastric,Hypochondriac,Hypogastric,Lumbar,A,False,0.1848268359899521,0.20943623781204224,0.26892146468162537,0.20943623781204224
Which of the following best describes the human body's defense mechanism against environmental bacteria?,Hair in the nose,Mucous membranes,Osteoblasts,Saliva,B,True,0.07295076549053192,0.53903728723526,0.08266405016183853,0.09367062896490097
The palatine processes begin to fuse at,six weeks post-fertilization.,eight weeks post-fertilization.,ten weeks post-fertilization.,twelve weeks post-fertilization.,C,False,0.10433056950569153,0.283599853515625,0.25027599930763245,0.15180006623268127
Primary motor cortex activity results in,bilateral contraction of antigravity limb muscles.,bilateral contraction of limb musculature.,contraction of ipsilateral limb musculature.,contraction of contralateral limb musculature.,D,False,0.0945548266172409,0.330028772354126,0.2001725733280182,0.22682523727416992
You notice that your patient's submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged. You would look for potential infection sites in the,hard palate.,hard palate and upper lip.,"hard palate, upper lip and upper central incisor.","hard palate, upper lip, upper central incisor and lower first molar.",D,True,0.0519661121070385,0.20552995800971985,0.23289595544338226,0.3388616144657135
A patient suffers damage to the orbit in a road traffic incident resulting in damage to the third cranial nerve. Which of the following signs will be present?,Pupillary constriction and a medial strabismus,Pupillary dilatation and a medial strabismus,Pupillary constriction and a lateral strabismus,Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus,D,False,0.1927637755870819,0.2804696261882782,0.15012459456920624,0.2804696261882782
Which of the following statements is true of the temporomandibular joint?,It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage,Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage,Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves,Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves.,D,True,0.0883890837430954,0.24026644229888916,0.24026644229888916,0.3085082173347473
Laryngoscopic examination of the vocal folds after suspected recurrent laryngeal nerve damage usually shows that the vocal fold on the injured side is tensed and in an intermediate position between adduction and abduction. This is because,cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoid muscles are fully active.,cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoids are weak.,cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are fully active.,cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are weak.,B,False,0.0370292142033577,0.21308842301368713,0.3100418150424957,0.3100418150424957
Which one of the following statements about the growth of the mandible is correct?,The mental symphysis closes at about 1 year postnatally,The condylar growth cartilage ceases activity at puberty,The ossification centre appears about 8 weeks I.U.L medial to Meckel's cartilage,The functional matrix acting on the angle of the mandible is the lateral pterygoid muscle,A,False,0.14031542837619781,0.204157754778862,0.29704776406288147,0.26214373111724854
Which of the following statements is true of the pupillary light reflex?,Its efferent limb is carried in the optic nerve,It is mediated by the inferior colliculi in the midbrain,It is a consensual reflex,Its afferent limb is carried in the oculomotor nerve,C,False,0.09877286106348038,0.236943781375885,0.20910215377807617,0.34475114941596985
Which muscles are normally active during quiet inspiration?,External and internal intercostal muscles,External intercostal muscles and diaphragm,Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm,External and internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm,B,True,0.17019765079021454,0.28060850501060486,0.1928592175245285,0.21853812038898468
Male hormones are produced by which of the following?,Glans penis,Prepuce,Prostate,Testes,D,True,0.053519077599048615,0.18679992854595184,0.12838558852672577,0.4481097459793091
Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by which of the following structures?,Aorta,Carotid arteries,Inferior vena cava,Pulmonary veins,D,False,0.33796173334121704,0.18089787662029266,0.06654860079288483,0.18089787662029266
Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?,Aorta,Esophagus,Trachea,Pancreas,C,True,0.06009732931852341,0.1441660076379776,0.6461071968078613,0.05303570628166199
Where is the sinoatrial node located?,Between the left atrium and the left ventricle,Between the right atrium and the right ventricle,In the upper wall of the right atrium,In the upper wall of the left ventricle,C,True,0.06237255409359932,0.1921210139989853,0.31675398349761963,0.27953439950942993
"In relation to the rib, the corresponding intercostal nerve lies",deep to its superior border.,superficial to its superior border.,deep to its inferior border.,superficial to its inferior border.,C,False,0.1558852195739746,0.33000898361206055,0.1766410917043686,0.1766410917043686
The regional lymphatic drainage of the left side of the tip of the tongue is to the,left submental lymph node.,left and right submental lymph nodes.,left submandibular lymph node.,left and right submandibular lymph nodes.,B,True,0.19682100415229797,0.2863728702068329,0.25272315740585327,0.1736939251422882
Gastrulation is the process of,mesoderm formation and occurs after neurulation.,ectomesenchyme formation and occurs before neurulation.,mesoderm formation and occurs before neurulation.,ectomesenchyme formation and occurs after neurulation.,B,False,0.12950055301189423,0.3106556236743927,0.35201895236968994,0.12950055301189423
The spheno-occipital synchondrosis,is a secondary growth cartilage.,influences the position of the viscerocranium.,ceases activity at 7 years of age.,can be reactivated in patients affected by acromegaly.,B,True,0.09397665411233902,0.42117413878440857,0.19894859194755554,0.22543828189373016
Which of the following substances is found in greater quantity in exhaled air?,Carbon dioxide,Carbon monoxide,Nitrogen,Oxygen,C,False,0.322293221950531,0.13435180485248566,0.13435180485248566,0.13435180485248566
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)?,Glomerulonephritis,Interstitial nephritis,Nephrolithiasis,Polycystic kidney,C,True,0.022186413407325745,0.09943260997533798,0.6483820676803589,0.04144967719912529
A pulse may be felt on a patient's face where the,facial artery crosses the mandible.,facial artery crosses the maxilla.,superficial temporal artery crosses the maxilla.,superficial temporal artery crosses the orbital rim.,A,True,0.2584814131259918,0.22810904681682587,0.2584814131259918,0.15677690505981445
A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen and requires surgery. Which one of the following organs is most likely to be involved?,Appendix,Gallbladder,Spleen,Urinary bladder,C,True,0.11972861737012863,0.15373459458351135,0.4178939163684845,0.19739912450313568
Which statement concerning the atrioventricular bundle is correct?,It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles.,It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles,It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles.,It is formed of Purkinje fibres and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles.,B,True,0.0505913682281971,0.4235963523387909,0.1558324098587036,0.29113322496414185
Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the forearm toward the body?,Abduction,Eversion,Flexion,Pronation,C,True,0.0787898525595665,0.10116817057132721,0.6596993207931519,0.06136159226298332
Food is prevented from entering the larynx during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing by,constriction of the laryngeal entrance.,upward movement of the epiglottis.,downward movement of the larynx.,increase in respiratory rate.,A,False,0.21204489469528198,0.34960290789604187,0.14573617279529572,0.11349944770336151
At which of the following locations does bile enter the digestive tract?,Gastroesophageal sphincter,Duodenum,Ileocecum,Jejunum,B,True,0.12700079381465912,0.34522390365600586,0.1439107358455658,0.2093888819217682
In which of the following positions does a patient lie face down?,Dorsal,Erect,Lateral,Prone,B,False,0.07529198378324509,0.20466485619544983,0.1406639665365219,0.38236427307128906
Complete bilateral cleft palate is due to failure of fusion of the,palatine processes.,palatine and frontonasal processes.,"palatine, frontonasal and secondary nasal processes.","palatine, frontonasal, secondary nasal processes and mandibular processes.",C,False,0.0832957848906517,0.2565690875053406,0.22642141580581665,0.2565690875053406
The auditory tube,connects the inner ear and nasopharynx.,is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch.,is opened by the action of levator veli palatini.,is closed by the action of tensor veli palatini.,C,False,0.22265154123306274,0.22265154123306274,0.1530260294675827,0.22265154123306274
Which of the following is the lymphoid organ that is a reservoir for red blood cells and filters organisms from the blood?,Appendix,Gallbladder,Pancreas,Spleen,D,True,0.020916003733873367,0.08272440731525421,0.25480911135673523,0.5394308567047119
Which of the following cavities are separated by the diaphragm?,Abdominal and pelvic,Cranial and spinal,Thoracic and abdominal,Pericardial and pleural,C,True,0.08264774829149246,0.1749652922153473,0.419719934463501,0.22465988993644714
The walls of bronchioles contain,"cartilage, smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium.",cartilage and smooth muscle.,cartilage and respiratory epithelium.,smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium.,D,False,0.19393935799598694,0.24902306497097015,0.24902306497097015,0.21976208686828613
"Which of the following organs removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen?",Gallbladder,Kidney,Liver,Spleen,C,True,0.02046920731663704,0.0714445561170578,0.7681013941764832,0.04910307750105858
Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?,Crohn's disease,Esophageal varices,Gastroesophageal reflux disease,Pyloric stenosis,C,True,0.13459719717502594,0.2514606714248657,0.32288190722465515,0.11878162622451782
The muscles of the soft palate are innervated by branches of the,trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves.,facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.,trigeminal and vagus nerves.,facial and vagus nerves.,C,False,0.24435631930828094,0.2768920063972473,0.21564370393753052,0.19030490517616272
Which of the following is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium?,Calcaneus,Femur,Symphysis pubis,Tibia,B,True,0.09076050668954849,0.46091991662979126,0.11653880774974823,0.21772316098213196
A successful inferior alveolar nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the,lower lip.,lower lip and mandibular teeth.,"lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior mandibular teeth.","lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior and buccal gingivae of the posterior mandibular teeth.",C,True,0.04949527233839035,0.2513577342033386,0.2848256528377533,0.2848256528377533
The mucosa of the upper larynx is innervated by the,internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex.,external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.,internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.,external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex.,A,True,0.2745513319969177,0.2745513319969177,0.21382078528404236,0.14695674180984497
The bones of the viscerocranium develop initially by,endochondral ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.,endochondral ossification and follow the neural growth pattern.,intramembranous ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.,intramembranous ossification and follow the neural growth pattern.,C,False,0.20360833406448364,0.2962483763694763,0.2307184636592865,0.13993783295154572
The physician directs the medical assistant to complete a request form for an X-ray study of the fibula. The procedure will be performed on which of the following structures?,Heel,Lower leg,Toes,Thigh,B,True,0.094198077917099,0.2901504933834076,0.08312951773405075,0.22596944868564606
Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus?,Lymphocyte,Monocyte,Erythrocyte,Basophil,C,True,0.1113915964961052,0.14302964508533478,0.44056233763694763,0.16207383573055267
The coronal suture joins the,frontal and parietal bones.,left and right parietal bones.,parietal and occipital bones.,"parietal, squamous temporal and greater wing of the sphenoid.",A,False,0.07745303958654404,0.16396808624267578,0.39333900809288025,0.27033770084381104
"If you run your finger down the anterior midline of a patient's extended neck from chin to sternal notch, you should be able to palpate, in order, the","hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage.","thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone.","hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.","thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, cricoids cartilage.",C,False,0.287213534116745,0.22368212044239044,0.25346502661705017,0.10565996170043945
Which of the following bony structures may be palpated in a live patient?,The supraorbital foramen,The infraorbital foramen,The mental foramen,All of the above,D,True,0.034465860575437546,0.06439069658517838,0.06439069658517838,0.2885791063308716
Which of the following structures accompany the oesophagus through the diaphragm?,The phrenic nerves,The splanchnic nerves,The sympathetic trunks,The vagus nerves,D,True,0.16650094091892242,0.18867027759552002,0.18867027759552002,0.2745136320590973
Which sequence describes the systemic circulation?,Left ventricle → aorta → arteries → veins → capillaries,Left ventricle → aorta → arteries →capillaries → veins,Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → capillaries →veins,Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → veins → capillaries,B,False,0.1382550150156021,0.2279440015554428,0.10767312347888947,0.42585545778274536
The anatomic location of the spinal canal is,caudal,dorsal,frontal,transverse,B,False,0.053412627428770065,0.23937879502773285,0.16452249884605408,0.4472184479236603
The parotid duct runs,deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.,superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.,deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar.,superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar.,B,True,0.17700627446174622,0.37472227215766907,0.17700627446174622,0.17700627446174622
"If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction?",Inward,Outward,Upward,Downward,D,False,0.14295902848243713,0.34294089674949646,0.12616091966629028,0.1619938164949417
The infraorbital nerve,is a terminal branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.,is a terminal branch of the maxillary branch of the facial nerve.,carries parasympathetic secretomotor neurons to the lacrimal gland.,innervates the inferior part of the orbicularis oculi muscle.,A,False,0.24183735251426697,0.3105252981185913,0.1466817706823349,0.21342071890830994
Which of the following best describes the process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract?,Absorption,Emulsion,Peristalsis,Regurgitation,C,True,0.006596555467694998,0.04874231666326523,0.7624581456184387,0.013964908197522163
Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron?,Dendrite,Glial cell,Nerve center,Synapse,D,True,0.010656960308551788,0.07874488085508347,0.16670291125774384,0.6593227982521057
Which of the following muscles initiates elevation of the mandible?,Masseter,Temporalis,Lateral pterygoid,Medial pterygoid.,D,False,0.17796637117862701,0.2589395344257355,0.13860034942626953,0.2589395344257355
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for secreting insulin?,Adrenal gland,Gallbladder,Liver,Pancreas,D,True,0.021079927682876587,0.1765000820159912,0.2909994125366211,0.3297455608844757
A malignant tumour is damaging the patient's glossopharyngeal nerve. They will experience,loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.,loss of somaesthetic sensation over the anterior two thirds of the tongue.,loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.,paralysis of the muscles of the tongue.,C,False,0.32948094606399536,0.256600022315979,0.1763584464788437,0.1556357890367508
A possible effect of damage to the third cranial nerve by trauma to the orbit is,a convergent strabismus.,ptosis.,pupillary contriction.,bitemporal hemianopia.,B,True,0.14443480968475342,0.26983973383903503,0.23813273012638092,0.21015140414237976
Blood flows from the right ventricle of the heart into which of the following structures?,Inferior vena cava,Left ventricle,Pulmonary arteries,Pulmonary veins,C,False,0.1674310863018036,0.1674310863018036,0.18972426652908325,0.31280243396759033
A patient is stabbed in the neck. You suspect damage to the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle. You would test nerve function by asking the patient to,extend their neck against resistance.,extend their neck without impairment.,lift their shoulders against resistance.,lift their shoulders without impairment.,C,False,0.19236931204795837,0.3171633780002594,0.16976533830165863,0.19236931204795837
Which of the following muscles are derived from the first brachial arch?,The muscles of mastication,The muscles of mastication and anterior belly of digastric,The muscles of mastication and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric,"The muscles of mastication, anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and geniohyoid",B,False,0.10835691541433334,0.2599347233772278,0.1391330361366272,0.3337627947330475
Which of the following best describes the location where the carotid pulse can be found?,In front of the ears and just above eye level,In the antecubital space,In the middle of the groin,On the anterior side of the neck,D,True,0.08297891914844513,0.1368090957403183,0.06462404131889343,0.5410904884338379
"In the brain stem, pathways for:",nociception decussate in the medial lemniscus,skilled movements decussate in the medial lemniscus,skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.,discriminative touch decussate in the pyramids.,C,True,0.13374538719654083,0.24986927211284637,0.2831389904022217,0.2205088585615158
The respiratory tract is crossed by the isthmus of the thyroid gland at the level of the,thyroid cartilage.,cricothyroid membrane.,cricoid cartilage.,tracheal rings.,D,False,0.18530963361263275,0.26962393522262573,0.26962393522262573,0.18530963361263275
You notice a lesion on the labial alveolar mucosa of the lower right lateral incisor tooth of one of your patients and decide to take a biopsy to send for oral pathology report Which nerve would require local anaesthesia in order to carry out a pain-free biopsy?,The incisive nerve,The mental nerve,The buccal nerve,The lingual nerve,B,True,0.15961039066314697,0.18086226284503937,0.15961039066314697,0.18086226284503937
The major concentrations of proprioceptive receptors providing information about position of the TMJ are located in,the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.,the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle.,the articular disc of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.,the articular disc of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle.,B,False,0.307626873254776,0.2714797556400299,0.16466079652309418,0.16466079652309418
Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?,Acetylcholine,Cholecystokinin,Deoxyribose,Oxytocin,A,True,0.7360049486160278,0.06845911592245102,0.03664352744817734,0.011896411888301373
"In the spinal cord, motor neuron cell bodies are located in",Lamina I.,Lamina II.,Lamina V.,Lamina IX,D,False,0.06003338471055031,0.23743663728237152,0.18491584062576294,0.18491584062576294
"When you examine a patient who has suffered an unfavourable fracture of the body of the mandible, you would expect the",anterior fragment to be displaced downwards by the action of the digastric muscle.,posterior fragment to be displaced anteriorly by the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle.,anterior fragment to be displaced backwards by action of the temporalis muscle.,posterior fragment to be displaced medially by action of the medial pterygoid muscle.,A,False,0.18310952186584473,0.23511727154254913,0.23511727154254913,0.18310952186584473
Examination of a patient indicates that they have a medially directed strabismus (squint). This could be due to damage to the,oculomotor nerve.,trochlear nerve.,ophthalmic trigeminal nerve.,abducens nerve.,D,False,0.22904688119888306,0.25954410433769226,0.17838189005851746,0.22904688119888306
"A patient cuts a peripheral motor nerve in their wrist when they fall through a plate glass window. If the nerve does not regenerate, after about 6 months the muscles it normally innervates will show signs of which of the four options below?",spastic paralysis,flaccid paralysis,atrophy,contracture,C,False,0.10928185284137726,0.23134967684745789,0.23134967684745789,0.23134967684745789
A patient suffers a CVA in the area of the left internal capsule conveying motor neurons to the right leg. The patient's leg will exhibit,spastic paralysis.,flaccid paralysis.,tremor.,hyporeflexia.,A,False,0.22523565590381622,0.25522544980049133,0.17541371285915375,0.17541371285915375
The crown of a very carious tooth suddenly fractures while the patient is standing eating at a take-away food outlet and a fragment is inhaled. It is more likely to enter the,right lung because the right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.,left lung because the left main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the right.,right lung or left lung because the two main bronchi are of equal size and at the same angulation.,right or left lung because there are no factors predisposing to the fragment going in one particular direction.,A,False,0.11231283843517303,0.16341421008110046,0.3052979111671448,0.23776625096797943
"Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following?",Androgens,Catecholamines,Electrolytes,Estrogens,C,True,0.022611036896705627,0.054241057485342026,0.7487746477127075,0.06964689493179321
Noradrenaline is the neurotransmitter between which of the two structures below?,parasympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons,sympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons,parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs,sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs,D,False,0.09140002727508545,0.36149412393569946,0.15069317817687988,0.3190174400806427
Which of the following are mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vaginal opening?,Adrenal,Bartholin's,Bulbourethral,Corpus luteum,B,True,0.18156282603740692,0.4355465769767761,0.045906271785497665,0.02457185834646225
"When an emergency opening into the airway is required, the cricothyroid membrane should be pierced immediately",superior to the thyroid cartilage.,inferior to the thyroid cartilage.,inferior to the cricoid cartilage.,superior to the thyroid isthmus.,B,True,0.1144365444779396,0.3110707402229309,0.21379558742046356,0.24226213991641998
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain between the,skull and dura mater.,dura mater and arachnoid mater.,arachnoid and pia maters.,pia mater and brain surface.,C,False,0.16456682980060577,0.23944330215454102,0.23944330215454102,0.23944330215454102
Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing?,Alveoli,Epiglottis,Larynx,Uvula,B,True,0.0607559010386467,0.5087029337882996,0.24029426276683807,0.10016953945159912
Which orbital wall is most likely to collapse in a 'blow out' fracture?,The roof,The floor,The lateral wall,The medial wall,B,False,0.08697047829627991,0.18411651253700256,0.3897746205329895,0.2364102602005005
The walls of the maxillary sinus are sinus is related to,the floor of the orbit.,the floor of the orbit and the upper posterior teeth.,"the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth and the infratemporal fossa.","the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth, the infratemporal fossa and the hard palate.",C,True,0.04674556851387024,0.18488231301307678,0.39139583706855774,0.26900216937065125
Which of one of the following statements about the postnatal growth of the maxilla is correct?,Pneumatisation by enlargement of the developing maxillary sinus ceases at puberty,Space is created for the eruption of the permanent molars by resorption of the maxillary tuberosity,The zygomaticomaxillary sutures contribute to increase in height and length of the maxilla,The intermaxillary suture closes about eight years postnatally,C,False,0.14184390008449554,0.26499927043914795,0.233861044049263,0.26499927043914795
The seventh cranial nerve supplies,taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue.,muscles of the soft palate.,muscles of the lower lip.,the parotid salivary gland.,C,False,0.14177696406841278,0.340105265378952,0.16065436601638794,0.26487424969673157
Which of the following paranasal sinuses open into the middle meatus?,The anterior ethmoidal sinuses,The anterior ethmoidal and frontal sinuses,"The anterior ethmoidal, frontal and maxillary sinuses","The anterior ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses",C,False,0.12772433459758759,0.23862047493457794,0.18583782017230988,0.3063947558403015
"Which of the following is a structural, fibrous protein found in the dermis?",Collagen,Heparin,Lipocyte,Melanin,A,True,0.6279296875,0.06618329882621765,0.10911780595779419,0.013032264076173306
Palatine shelf elevation is due to the effect of,descent of the tongue.,changes in flexure of the developing brain.,hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.,a combination of these three processes.,D,True,0.05046873912215233,0.1996077299118042,0.13718825578689575,0.3290975093841553
On which surfaces of the teeth is dental plaque most likely to accumulate in the mouth of a patient with poor oral hygiene?,The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.,The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.,The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors.,The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors.,B,True,0.1510104238986969,0.3196890354156494,0.21971885859966278,0.17111723124980927
Laryngeal oedema is usually confined to the larynx above the vocal folds because,there are numerous mucous glands in the vestibular folds.,the mucosa covering the vocal folds is tightly attached to underlying tissues.,fluid will drain rapidly into the thorax below the vocal folds.,the mucosa above the vocal folds is more vascular than that below the vocal folds.,B,False,0.12008155137300491,0.2542126476764679,0.15418776869773865,0.28806066513061523
The coronary arteries,arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during diastole.,arise from the ascending aorta and fill during systole.,arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during systole.,arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole.,D,False,0.11988823115825653,0.25380340218544006,0.36928173899650574,0.15393953025341034
Which muscle is the most active during a right lateral excursion of the mandible?,Left lateral pterygoid muscle,Right lateral pterygoid muscle,Left medial pterygoid muscle,Right medial pterygoid muscle,A,False,0.14234888553619385,0.38694432377815247,0.06724083423614502,0.18277956545352936
The phrenic nerves innervate the,diaphragm.,diaphragm and parietal pleura.,"diaphragm, parietal pleura and pericardium.","diaphragm, parietal pleura, pericardium and intercostals muscles.",C,False,0.21654720604419708,0.27805212140083313,0.19110223650932312,0.21654720604419708
Parasympathetic preganglionic nerves leave the central nervous system with the,third cranial nerves.,fourth cranial nerves.,fifth cranial nerves.,sixth cranial nerves.,A,False,0.10436739772558212,0.22094576060771942,0.2503643333911896,0.28369995951652527
"In a patient with a normal healthy mouth, you would expect the mucosa covering the alveolar process supporting the mandibular teeth to be",light pink in colour on both sides of the mucogingigival junction.,light pink below the mucogingival junction and red above it.,red below the mucogingival junction and light pink above it.,red on both sides of the mucogingival junction.,C,False,0.3583664298057556,0.13183565437793732,0.11634454876184464,0.16928032040596008
Macrostomia results from failure of fusion of,maxillary and mandibular processes.,left and right mandibular processes.,maxillary and frontonasal processes.,mandibular and hyoid arches.,A,False,0.14663682878017426,0.21335533261299133,0.3104301691055298,0.21335533261299133
You suspect that your patient has an enlarged submandibular salivary gland. You expect the enlarged gland,to be palpable intraorally..,to be palpable extraorally.,to be palpable both intra- and extraorally.,only to be detectable by radiographical examination.,C,True,0.14323687553405762,0.23615767061710358,0.30323246121406555,0.2084084153175354
Osteoclasts,deposit bone and differentiate from periosteal mesenchymal cells.,resorb bone and differentiate from periosteal mesenchymal cells.,deposit bone and differentiate from monocytes.,resorb bone and differentiate from monocytes.,D,False,0.17756164073944092,0.48266252875328064,0.12203619629144669,0.13828513026237488
The lateral pterygoid muscle,is attached to the coronoid process and elevates the mandible.,is attached to the condylar process and elevates the mandible.,is attached to the coronoid process and protrudes the mandible.,is attached to the condylar process and protrudes the mandible.,D,False,0.23738983273506165,0.30481457710266113,0.20949579775333405,0.16315549612045288
"In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus passes blood from the",pulmonary vein to the aorta.,aorta to pulmonary vein.,pulmonary artery to the aorta.,aorta to the pulmonary artery.,C,True,0.1481013000011444,0.21548612415790558,0.35527655482292175,0.19016584753990173
Which of the following bones develop by endochondral ossification?,The ribs,The ribs and sternum,"The ribs, sternum and clavicle","The ribs, sternum, clavicle and vertebrae",B,False,0.08227365463972092,0.2236429899930954,0.15370742976665497,0.32539862394332886
The mucosa of the hard palate is,keratinised and has submucosa and minor salivary glands posterolaterally.,non-keratinised and has submucosa and minor salivary glands posteromedially.,keratinised and lacks submucosa and minor salivary glands.,non-keratinised and lacks submucosa and minor salivary glands.,A,True,0.33693596720695496,0.29734495282173157,0.14045581221580505,0.14045581221580505
The head of the sixth rib articulates with,The inferior articular facet of T5 and superior articular facet of T6.,The inferior articular demifacet of T5 and superior articular facet of T6.,The inferior articular demifacet of T5 and the superior articular demifacet of T6.,The superior and inferior demifacets of T6.,C,False,0.22769933938980103,0.3313005864620209,0.17733243107795715,0.17733243107795715
Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity?,Appendix,Duodenum,Spleen,Pancreas,C,True,0.06725627183914185,0.26600372791290283,0.3870331346988678,0.18282151222229004
Proprioceptive nerve endings in synovial joints are located in,articular cartilage and synovial membrane.,synovial membrane and capsule.,capsule and ligaments.,ligaments and articular discs.,D,False,0.26344558596611023,0.38331106305122375,0.12444288283586502,0.12444288283586502
The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for which of the following functions?,Alimentation,Menstruation,Mentation,Respiration,D,True,0.021854516118764877,0.05940673127770424,0.20734989643096924,0.5636354088783264
A patient is admitted after a head injury and sinks rapidly into a coma. An MRI scan indicates an extradural haemorrhage because extravasated blood can be detected between the,skull bones and dura mater.,dura mater and arachnoid.,arachnoid and pia mater.,pia mater and brain surface.,A,True,0.2803611755371094,0.1926892250776291,0.1926892250776291,0.2183454930782318
A successful infraorbital nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the,maxillary anterior teeth.,maxillary anterior teeth and their labial gingivae.,"maxillary anterior teeth, their labial gingivae and the upper lip.","maxillary anterior teeth, their labial gingivae, the upper lip and anterior hard palate.",C,False,0.050977688282728195,0.29335635900497437,0.22846616804599762,0.25888606905937195
Which of the following foramina pierce the sphenoid bone?,The foramen ovale,The foramen ovale and rotundum,"The foramen ovale, rotundum and spinosum","The foramen ovale, rotundum and spinosum and foramen lacerum",C,False,0.059883881360292435,0.2683809697628021,0.16278128325939178,0.3041154742240906
Which of the following is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day?,Dyslexia,Epilepsy,Hydrocephalus,Narcolepsy,D,True,0.018938636407256126,0.2962501347064972,0.08487708121538162,0.4884338974952698
Which of the following allows gas exchange in the lungs?,Alveoli,Bronchi,Bronchioles,Capillaries,A,True,0.6278284788131714,0.14008747041225433,0.05153530091047287,0.06617263704538345
"A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following?","Closed, greenstick","Complex, comminuted","Compound, transverse","Open, spiral",A,False,0.2123269885778427,0.2123269885778427,0.24059799313545227,0.1873779147863388
Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in which of the following structures?,Cervix,Fallopian tube,Ovary,Uterus,B,True,0.039324574172496796,0.5428590178489685,0.08325012773275375,0.17624051868915558
Ectoderm gives rise to,the neural tube.,ectomesenchymal cells.,dental enamel.,all three structures.,D,False,0.34145626425743103,0.16129252314567566,0.14234013855457306,0.18276837468147278
"In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?",Epididymis,Prostate,Scrotum,Seminal vesicle,B,True,0.0924491360783577,0.41432827711105347,0.13451269268989563,0.1957148313522339
"Which of the following options completes the following statement? ""The right atrioventricular valve…""",is a semilunar valve,is prevented from everting by papillary muscles.,is open during systole.,prevents blood returning from the pulmonary trunk as the heart relaxes.,B,False,0.26039183139801025,0.22979497909545898,0.22979497909545898,0.20279335975646973
Which one of the following brain areas is supplied by branches of the subclavian arteries?,The frontal lobe,The parietal lobe,The hypothalamus,The cerebellum,D,True,0.13679875433444977,0.22554300725460052,0.17565307021141052,0.25557371973991394
Which of the following structures is part of the small intestine?,Ascending colon,Cecum,Ileum,Sigmoid colon,C,True,0.07007736712694168,0.19049005210399628,0.5178055763244629,0.11553804576396942
During an inferior alveolar nerve block the needle ideally passes,posterior and medial to medial pterygoid.,anterior and lateral to medial pterygoid.,through medial pterygoid.,inferior to medial pterygoid.,B,True,0.20698243379592896,0.23454183340072632,0.18266135454177856,0.23454183340072632
Patients with which of the following diseases are treated with injections of vitamin B-12?,Bell's palsy,Crohn's disease,Pernicious anemia,Graves' disease,C,True,0.0646684467792511,0.08303593099117279,0.6135571599006653,0.0646684467792511
Which of the following bones has a process that joins with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch?,The maxillary bone,The temporal bone,The sphenoid bone,The frontal bone,B,False,0.23769547045230865,0.23769547045230865,0.16336555778980255,0.23769547045230865
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons leave the CNS with the,cervical spinal nerves.,thoracic spinal nerves.,lumbar spinal nerves.,sacral spinal nerves.,D,False,0.07738537341356277,0.2103552520275116,0.3468171954154968,0.23836374282836914
A patient with damage to their cervical sympathetic chain will show the following signs and symptoms.,Pupillary constriction,Pupillary constriction and vasodilation of facial vessels,"Pupillary constriction, vasodilation of facial vessels and increased facial sweating","Pupillary constriction, vasodilation of facial vessels, increased facial sweating and decreased lacrimation",B,False,0.01953430287539959,0.09920337051153183,0.237976536154747,0.5037962794303894
Which of the following cranial nerves is related to the sense of smell?,Abducens,Hypoglossal,Olfactory,Trochlear,C,True,0.02504551038146019,0.060081057250499725,0.8293933868408203,0.006332496181130409
Where are the vital centres located in the brainstem?,midbrain,pons,medulla oblongata,cerebellum,C,True,0.05062880739569664,0.200240820646286,0.4803527593612671,0.121452197432518
Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon which of the following nutrients?,Starches,Proteins,Fats,Minerals,A,False,0.14223186671733856,0.3866262435913086,0.14223186671733856,0.11077027767896652
During swallowing the,auditory tube opens.,cricopharyngeus muscle contracts.,rima glottis opens.,gag reflex is suspended.,A,False,0.09894479066133499,0.184853196144104,0.30477139353752136,0.26895982027053833
The dorsal roots of all spinal nerves contain,sensory neuronal processes.,sensory and autonomic neuronal processes.,motor neuronal processes.,motor and autonomic neuronal processes.,A,True,0.25842389464378357,0.25842389464378357,0.13832435011863708,0.15674202144145966
Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system?,Adrenal,Pancreas,Pineal,Pituitary,D,True,0.11494489759206772,0.18951210379600525,0.11494489759206772,0.45461589097976685
Loss of somatic sensation over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue indicates damage to the,lingual branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve.,chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.,lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.,hypoglossal nerve.,A,False,0.21938133239746094,0.28169119358062744,0.2485916167497635,0.1708543598651886
"In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of the following structures?",Anus,Bladder,Urethra,Testicle,C,True,0.034894391894340515,0.13801001012325287,0.5458401441574097,0.12179340422153473
Which of the following structures should be visible on a dental panoramic radiograph?,The mandibular canal,The mandibular canal and maxillary sinus,"The mandibular canal, maxillary sinus and hard palate","The mandibular canal, maxillary sinus, hard palate and zygomatic arch",D,True,0.03383494168519974,0.1516377031803131,0.19470664858818054,0.4121939539909363