File size: 40,922 Bytes
d6235f6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
---
language:
- en
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- cross-encoder
- text-classification
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:576642
- loss:BinaryCrossEntropyLoss
base_model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/natural-questions
pipeline_tag: text-classification
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- map
- mrr@10
- ndcg@10
model-index:
- name: CrossEncoder based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
  results: []
---

# CrossEncoder based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base

This is a [Cross Encoder](https://www.sbert.net/docs/cross_encoder/usage/usage.html) model finetuned from [answerdotai/ModernBERT-base](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base) using the [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) library. It computes scores for pairs of texts, which can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Cross Encoder
- **Base model:** [answerdotai/ModernBERT-base](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base) <!-- at revision 8949b909ec900327062f0ebf497f51aef5e6f0c8 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 8192 tokens
- **Number of Output Labels:** 1 label
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
- **Language:** en
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Documentation:** [Cross Encoder Documentation](https://www.sbert.net/docs/cross_encoder/usage/usage.html)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Cross Encoders on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers&other=cross-encoder)

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = CrossEncoder("tomaarsen/reranker-ModernBERT-base-nq-bce-static-retriever-hardest")
# Get scores for pairs of texts
pairs = [
    ['difference between russian blue and british blue cat', 'Russian Blue The coat is known as a "double coat", with the undercoat being soft, downy and equal in length to the guard hairs, which are an even blue with silver tips. However, the tail may have a few very dull, almost unnoticeable stripes. The coat is described as thick, plush and soft to the touch. The feeling is softer than the softest silk. The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance. Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green. Any white patches of fur or yellow eyes in adulthood are seen as flaws in show cats.[3] Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues (which are not a distinct breed, but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns), nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats, although they have similar traits.'],
    ['who played the little girl on mrs doubtfire', 'Mara Wilson Mara Elizabeth Wilson[2] (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.'],
    ['what year did the movie the sound of music come out', 'The Sound of Music (film) The film was released on March 2, 1965 in the United States, initially as a limited roadshow theatrical release. Although critical response to the film was widely mixed, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the number one box office movie after four weeks, and the highest-grossing film of 1965. By November 1966, The Sound of Music had become the highest-grossing film of all-time—surpassing Gone with the Wind—and held that distinction for five years. The film was just as popular throughout the world, breaking previous box-office records in twenty-nine countries. Following an initial theatrical release that lasted four and a half years, and two successful re-releases, the film sold 283 million admissions worldwide and earned a total worldwide gross of $286,000,000.'],
    ['where was the movie dawn of the dead filmed', 'Dawn of the Dead (2004 film) The mall scenes and rooftop scenes were shot in the former Thornhill Square Shopping Centre in Thornhill, Ontario, and the other scenes were shot in the Aileen-Willowbrook neighborhood of Thornhill. The set for Ana and Luis\'s bedroom was constructed in a back room of the mall.[7] The mall was defunct, which is the reason the production used it; the movie crew completely renovated the structure, and stocked it with fictitious stores after Starbucks and numerous other corporations refused to let their names be used[7] (two exceptions to this are Roots and Panasonic). Most of the mall was demolished shortly after the film was shot. The fictitious stores include a coffee shop called Hallowed Grounds (a lyric from Johnny Cash\'s song "The Man Comes Around", which was used over the opening credits), and an upscale department store called Gaylen Ross (an in-joke reference to one of the stars of the original 1978 film).'],
    ['where is the 2018 nba draft being held', "2018 NBA draft The 2018 NBA draft was held on June 21, 2018, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur United States college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It was televised nationally by ESPN. This draft was the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gives teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft.[2] With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick.[3] The Suns' selection is their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history. They would use that selection on the Bahamian center DeAndre Ayton from the nearby University of Arizona."],
]
scores = model.predict(pairs)
print(scores.shape)
# (5,)

# Or rank different texts based on similarity to a single text
ranks = model.rank(
    'difference between russian blue and british blue cat',
    [
        'Russian Blue The coat is known as a "double coat", with the undercoat being soft, downy and equal in length to the guard hairs, which are an even blue with silver tips. However, the tail may have a few very dull, almost unnoticeable stripes. The coat is described as thick, plush and soft to the touch. The feeling is softer than the softest silk. The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance. Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green. Any white patches of fur or yellow eyes in adulthood are seen as flaws in show cats.[3] Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues (which are not a distinct breed, but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns), nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats, although they have similar traits.',
        'Mara Wilson Mara Elizabeth Wilson[2] (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.',
        'The Sound of Music (film) The film was released on March 2, 1965 in the United States, initially as a limited roadshow theatrical release. Although critical response to the film was widely mixed, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the number one box office movie after four weeks, and the highest-grossing film of 1965. By November 1966, The Sound of Music had become the highest-grossing film of all-time—surpassing Gone with the Wind—and held that distinction for five years. The film was just as popular throughout the world, breaking previous box-office records in twenty-nine countries. Following an initial theatrical release that lasted four and a half years, and two successful re-releases, the film sold 283 million admissions worldwide and earned a total worldwide gross of $286,000,000.',
        'Dawn of the Dead (2004 film) The mall scenes and rooftop scenes were shot in the former Thornhill Square Shopping Centre in Thornhill, Ontario, and the other scenes were shot in the Aileen-Willowbrook neighborhood of Thornhill. The set for Ana and Luis\'s bedroom was constructed in a back room of the mall.[7] The mall was defunct, which is the reason the production used it; the movie crew completely renovated the structure, and stocked it with fictitious stores after Starbucks and numerous other corporations refused to let their names be used[7] (two exceptions to this are Roots and Panasonic). Most of the mall was demolished shortly after the film was shot. The fictitious stores include a coffee shop called Hallowed Grounds (a lyric from Johnny Cash\'s song "The Man Comes Around", which was used over the opening credits), and an upscale department store called Gaylen Ross (an in-joke reference to one of the stars of the original 1978 film).',
        "2018 NBA draft The 2018 NBA draft was held on June 21, 2018, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur United States college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It was televised nationally by ESPN. This draft was the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gives teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft.[2] With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick.[3] The Suns' selection is their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history. They would use that selection on the Bahamian center DeAndre Ayton from the nearby University of Arizona.",
    ]
)
# [{'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, {'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, ...]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Cross Encoder Reranking

* Datasets: `nq-dev`, `NanoMSMARCO`, `NanoNFCorpus` and `NanoNQ`
* Evaluated with [<code>CERerankingEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.cross_encoder.evaluation.CERerankingEvaluator)

| Metric      | nq-dev               | NanoMSMARCO          | NanoNFCorpus         | NanoNQ               |
|:------------|:---------------------|:---------------------|:---------------------|:---------------------|
| map         | 0.7651 (+0.2688)     | 0.5720 (+0.0824)     | 0.3794 (+0.1090)     | 0.7046 (+0.2839)     |
| mrr@10      | 0.7645 (+0.2783)     | 0.5652 (+0.0877)     | 0.5616 (+0.0618)     | 0.7302 (+0.3035)     |
| **ndcg@10** | **0.8203 (+0.2612)** | **0.6423 (+0.1019)** | **0.4235 (+0.0985)** | **0.7520 (+0.2513)** |

#### Cross Encoder Nano BEIR

* Dataset: `NanoBEIR_mean`
* Evaluated with [<code>CENanoBEIREvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.cross_encoder.evaluation.CENanoBEIREvaluator)

| Metric      | Value                |
|:------------|:---------------------|
| map         | 0.5520 (+0.1585)     |
| mrr@10      | 0.6190 (+0.1510)     |
| **ndcg@10** | **0.6059 (+0.1506)** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset

* Size: 576,642 training samples
* Columns: <code>query</code>, <code>response</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | query                                                                                         | response                                                                                          | label                        |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                                        | string                                                                                            | int                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 24 characters</li><li>mean: 47.6 characters</li><li>max: 99 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 65 characters</li><li>mean: 620.26 characters</li><li>max: 3106 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>1: 100.00%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | query                                                                                            | response                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | label          |
  |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>in which mode the communication channel is used in both directions at the same time</code> | <code>Duplex (telecommunications) A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two or more connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for a communication "two-way street" between two connected parties or to provide a "reverse path" for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. There are two types of duplex communication systems: full-duplex (FDX) and half-duplex (HDX).</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>where was the oklahoma city bombing trial held</code>                                      | <code>Oklahoma City bombing The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) led the official investigation, known as OKBOMB,[159] with Weldon L. Kennedy acting as Special Agent in charge.[160] Kennedy oversaw 900 federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel including 300 FBI agents, 200 officers from the Oklahoma City Police Department, 125 members of the Oklahoma National Guard, and 55 officers from the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety.[161] The crime task force was deemed the largest since the investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy.[161] OKBOMB was the largest criminal case in America's history, with FBI agents conducting 28,000 interviews, amassing 3.5 short tons (3.2 t) of evidence, and collecting nearly one billion pieces of information.[14][16][162] Federal judge Richard Paul Matsch ordered that the venue for the trial be moved from Oklahoma City to Denver, Colorado, citing that the defendants would be unable to receive a fair trial in Oklahoma.[163] The investiga...</code> | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>who divided the interior of the earth into 3 zones sial sima nife</code>                   | <code>Sial The name 'sial' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of alumina. The sial is often contrasted to the 'sima,' the next lower layer in the Earth, which is often exposed in the ocean basins; and the nickel-iron alloy core, sometimes referred to as the "Nife". These geochemical divisions of the Earth's interior (with these names) were first proposed by Eduard Suess in the 19th century. This model of the outer layers of the earth has been confirmed by petrographic, gravimetric, and seismic evidence.[4]</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | <code>1</code> |
* Loss: [<code>BinaryCrossEntropyLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/losses.html#binarycrossentropyloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "activation_fct": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity",
      "pos_weight": 5
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### natural-questions

* Dataset: [natural-questions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions) at [f9e894e](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions/tree/f9e894e1081e206e577b4eaa9ee6de2b06ae6f17)
* Size: 100,231 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>query</code>, <code>response</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | query                                                                                          | response                                                                                          | label                        |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                                         | string                                                                                            | int                          |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 27 characters</li><li>mean: 47.03 characters</li><li>max: 96 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 26 characters</li><li>mean: 608.17 characters</li><li>max: 2639 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>1: 100.00%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | query                                                             | response                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | label          |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>difference between russian blue and british blue cat</code> | <code>Russian Blue The coat is known as a "double coat", with the undercoat being soft, downy and equal in length to the guard hairs, which are an even blue with silver tips. However, the tail may have a few very dull, almost unnoticeable stripes. The coat is described as thick, plush and soft to the touch. The feeling is softer than the softest silk. The silver tips give the coat a shimmering appearance. Its eyes are almost always a dark and vivid green. Any white patches of fur or yellow eyes in adulthood are seen as flaws in show cats.[3] Russian Blues should not be confused with British Blues (which are not a distinct breed, but rather a British Shorthair with a blue coat as the British Shorthair breed itself comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns), nor the Chartreux or Korat which are two other naturally occurring breeds of blue cats, although they have similar traits.</code> | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>who played the little girl on mrs doubtfire</code>          | <code>Mara Wilson Mara Elizabeth Wilson[2] (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>what year did the movie the sound of music come out</code>  | <code>The Sound of Music (film) The film was released on March 2, 1965 in the United States, initially as a limited roadshow theatrical release. Although critical response to the film was widely mixed, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the number one box office movie after four weeks, and the highest-grossing film of 1965. By November 1966, The Sound of Music had become the highest-grossing film of all-time—surpassing Gone with the Wind—and held that distinction for five years. The film was just as popular throughout the world, breaking previous box-office records in twenty-nine countries. Following an initial theatrical release that lasted four and a half years, and two successful re-releases, the film sold 283 million admissions worldwide and earned a total worldwide gross of $286,000,000.</code>                                                                             | <code>1</code> |
* Loss: [<code>BinaryCrossEntropyLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/losses.html#binarycrossentropyloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "activation_fct": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity",
      "pos_weight": 5
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `seed`: 12
- `bf16`: True
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 4
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 64
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 64
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 12
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 4
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch      | Step     | Training Loss | Validation Loss | nq-dev_ndcg@10       | NanoMSMARCO_ndcg@10  | NanoNFCorpus_ndcg@10 | NanoNQ_ndcg@10       | NanoBEIR_mean_ndcg@10 |
|:----------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:--------------------:|:--------------------:|:--------------------:|:--------------------:|:---------------------:|
| -1         | -1       | -             | -               | 0.1603 (-0.3987)     | 0.0520 (-0.4885)     | 0.2943 (-0.0307)     | 0.0347 (-0.4659)     | 0.1270 (-0.3284)      |
| 0.0001     | 1        | 1.3732        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.0222     | 200      | 1.1621        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.0444     | 400      | 1.1357        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.0666     | 600      | 0.9521        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.0888     | 800      | 0.6998        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.1110     | 1000     | 0.6313        | 1.5304          | 0.7590 (+0.1999)     | 0.5681 (+0.0276)     | 0.3726 (+0.0475)     | 0.6071 (+0.1065)     | 0.5159 (+0.0606)      |
| 0.1332     | 1200     | 0.5963        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.1554     | 1400     | 0.5654        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.1776     | 1600     | 0.5489        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.1998     | 1800     | 0.5402        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.2220     | 2000     | 0.5196        | 1.9513          | 0.7991 (+0.2400)     | 0.6121 (+0.0717)     | 0.3896 (+0.0646)     | 0.7170 (+0.2164)     | 0.5729 (+0.1176)      |
| 0.2441     | 2200     | 0.5002        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.2663     | 2400     | 0.51          | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.2885     | 2600     | 0.4924        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.3107     | 2800     | 0.5115        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.3329     | 3000     | 0.4864        | 1.9373          | 0.8030 (+0.2439)     | 0.6183 (+0.0779)     | 0.4122 (+0.0872)     | 0.7046 (+0.2040)     | 0.5784 (+0.1230)      |
| 0.3551     | 3200     | 0.4677        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.3773     | 3400     | 0.491         | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.3995     | 3600     | 0.4841        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.4217     | 3800     | 0.475         | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.4439     | 4000     | 0.4801        | 1.7836          | 0.8043 (+0.2453)     | 0.6271 (+0.0867)     | 0.4078 (+0.0828)     | 0.7007 (+0.2000)     | 0.5785 (+0.1232)      |
| 0.4661     | 4200     | 0.4367        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.4883     | 4400     | 0.4701        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.5105     | 4600     | 0.4618        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.5327     | 4800     | 0.4563        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.5549     | 5000     | 0.4433        | 1.2432          | 0.8089 (+0.2498)     | 0.6339 (+0.0935)     | 0.4321 (+0.1071)     | 0.7126 (+0.2119)     | 0.5929 (+0.1375)      |
| 0.5771     | 5200     | 0.4381        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.5993     | 5400     | 0.4436        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.6215     | 5600     | 0.4313        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.6437     | 5800     | 0.4387        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.6659     | 6000     | 0.4399        | 1.6115          | 0.8170 (+0.2579)     | 0.6358 (+0.0954)     | 0.4291 (+0.1040)     | 0.7164 (+0.2158)     | 0.5938 (+0.1384)      |
| 0.6880     | 6200     | 0.4416        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.7102     | 6400     | 0.4336        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.7324     | 6600     | 0.4295        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.7546     | 6800     | 0.4314        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.7768     | 7000     | 0.4286        | 1.5898          | 0.8180 (+0.2590)     | 0.6478 (+0.1073)     | 0.4204 (+0.0953)     | 0.7404 (+0.2398)     | 0.6029 (+0.1475)      |
| 0.7990     | 7200     | 0.421         | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.8212     | 7400     | 0.4264        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.8434     | 7600     | 0.4198        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.8656     | 7800     | 0.4037        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| **0.8878** | **8000** | **0.4255**    | **1.439**       | **0.8203 (+0.2612)** | **0.6423 (+0.1019)** | **0.4235 (+0.0985)** | **0.7520 (+0.2513)** | **0.6059 (+0.1506)**  |
| 0.9100     | 8200     | 0.4152        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.9322     | 8400     | 0.4133        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.9544     | 8600     | 0.4133        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.9766     | 8800     | 0.4215        | -               | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                    | -                     |
| 0.9988     | 9000     | 0.4194        | 1.4554          | 0.8192 (+0.2601)     | 0.6486 (+0.1081)     | 0.4196 (+0.0945)     | 0.7378 (+0.2372)     | 0.6020 (+0.1466)      |
| -1         | -1       | -             | -               | 0.8203 (+0.2612)     | 0.6423 (+0.1019)     | 0.4235 (+0.0985)     | 0.7520 (+0.2513)     | 0.6059 (+0.1506)      |

* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.11.10
- Sentence Transformers: 3.5.0.dev0
- Transformers: 4.49.0.dev0
- PyTorch: 2.6.0.dev20241112+cu121
- Accelerate: 1.2.0
- Datasets: 3.2.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

<!--
## Glossary

*Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Authors

*Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Contact

*Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.*
-->