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--- |
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base_model: BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 |
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library_name: sentence-transformers |
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity |
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tags: |
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- sentence-transformers |
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- sentence-similarity |
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- feature-extraction |
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- generated_from_trainer |
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- dataset_size:4370 |
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- loss:CosineSimilarityLoss |
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widget: |
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- source_sentence: ' The misconception lies in incorrectly aligning decimal points |
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during addition, leading to an improper sum.' |
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sentences: |
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- Converts a fraction to a percentage by placing a decimal point between the numerator |
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and denominator |
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- When two digits sum to 10 or more during an addition problem, does not add one |
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to the preceding digit |
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- Confuses square rooting and halving the number |
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- source_sentence: ' The misconception was misunderstanding the direction of translation, |
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thinking the movement was upwards or to the right instead of left and down.' |
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sentences: |
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- Adds or subtracts from numerator first when solving an equation with a fraction |
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- When asked for the mean of a list of data, gives the mode |
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- 'Counts the squares rather than the diagonals when reflecting in y=x or y=-x ' |
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- source_sentence: ' The misconception lies in the incorrect application of the order |
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of operations (BIDMAS/PEMDAS), specifically the grouping of operations without |
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properly respecting the hierarchy of division and addition.' |
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sentences: |
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- Believes multiplying two negatives gives a negative answer |
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- Carries out operations from left to right regardless of priority order |
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- Includes the x variable when giving the equation of a horizontal line |
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- source_sentence: ' The misconception is that adjacent angles on a straight line |
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are not necessarily supplementary and can sum to any value less than \( 180^{\circ} |
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\).' |
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sentences: |
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- Believes angles on a straight line add to 100 degrees |
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- Thinks only labelled dimensions need to be included when calculating the perimeter |
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- 'Cannot reflect shape when line of symmetry is diagonal ' |
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- source_sentence: ' The misconception is adding the absolute values without considering |
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the sign change, leading to an incorrect sum.' |
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sentences: |
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- Counts on in the wrong direction on a number line |
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- Simplifies a fraction by adding or subtracting the same amount from the numerator and |
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denominator |
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- Believes multiplying two negatives gives a negative answer |
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--- |
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# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 |
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This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. |
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## Model Details |
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### Model Description |
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- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer |
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- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision d4aa6901d3a41ba39fb536a557fa166f842b0e09 --> |
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- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens |
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- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 tokens |
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- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity |
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<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> |
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<!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> |
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<!-- - **License:** Unknown --> |
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### Model Sources |
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- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) |
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- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) |
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- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) |
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### Full Model Architecture |
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``` |
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SentenceTransformer( |
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(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel |
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(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) |
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(2): Normalize() |
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) |
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``` |
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## Usage |
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### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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First install the Sentence Transformers library: |
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```bash |
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pip install -U sentence-transformers |
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``` |
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Then you can load this model and run inference. |
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```python |
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
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# Download from the 🤗 Hub |
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model = SentenceTransformer("VaggP/fine-tuned-bge-large") |
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# Run inference |
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sentences = [ |
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' The misconception is adding the absolute values without considering the sign change, leading to an incorrect sum.', |
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'Counts on in the wrong direction on a number line', |
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'Simplifies a fraction by adding or subtracting the same amount from the numerator and denominator', |
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] |
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embeddings = model.encode(sentences) |
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print(embeddings.shape) |
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# [3, 1024] |
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# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings |
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similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) |
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print(similarities.shape) |
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# [3, 3] |
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``` |
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<!-- |
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### Direct Usage (Transformers) |
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<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> |
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</details> |
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<!-- |
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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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You can finetune this model on your own dataset. |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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</details> |
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<!-- |
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### Out-of-Scope Use |
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*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* |
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<!-- |
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## Bias, Risks and Limitations |
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*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* |
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### Recommendations |
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*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* |
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## Training Details |
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### Training Dataset |
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#### Unnamed Dataset |
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* Size: 4,370 training samples |
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* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code> |
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* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
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| | sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
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|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| type | string | string | float | |
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| details | <ul><li>min: 11 tokens</li><li>mean: 32.08 tokens</li><li>max: 84 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.01 tokens</li><li>max: 39 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 1.0</li><li>mean: 1.0</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> | |
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* Samples: |
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| sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
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|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------| |
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| <code> The misconception lies in confusing the tangent ratio (opposite/adjacent) with the sine ratio (opposite/hypotenuse).</code> | <code>Uses tan when sin is required</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
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| <code> The misconception lies in not properly aligning decimal places during addition.</code> | <code>When adding decimals with a different number of decimal places, lines up the digits incorrectly</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
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| <code> The misconception was in misunderstanding the relationship between the area of a square and its side length, incorrectly assuming the side length is the square root of the area squared.</code> | <code>Confuses perimeter and area</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
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* Loss: [<code>CosineSimilarityLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters: |
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```json |
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{ |
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"loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss" |
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} |
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``` |
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### Training Hyperparameters |
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#### Non-Default Hyperparameters |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `num_train_epochs`: 2 |
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- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin |
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#### All Hyperparameters |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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- `overwrite_output_dir`: False |
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- `do_predict`: False |
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- `eval_strategy`: no |
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- `prediction_loss_only`: True |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None |
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- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None |
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- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 |
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- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None |
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- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None |
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- `learning_rate`: 5e-05 |
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- `weight_decay`: 0.0 |
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- `adam_beta1`: 0.9 |
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- `adam_beta2`: 0.999 |
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- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 |
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- `max_grad_norm`: 1 |
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- `num_train_epochs`: 2 |
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- `max_steps`: -1 |
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- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear |
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- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} |
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- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0 |
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- `warmup_steps`: 0 |
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- `log_level`: passive |
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- `log_level_replica`: warning |
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- `log_on_each_node`: True |
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- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True |
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- `save_safetensors`: True |
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- `save_on_each_node`: False |
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- `save_only_model`: False |
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- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False |
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- `no_cuda`: False |
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- `use_cpu`: False |
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- `use_mps_device`: False |
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- `seed`: 42 |
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- `data_seed`: None |
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- `jit_mode_eval`: False |
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- `use_ipex`: False |
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- `bf16`: False |
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- `fp16`: False |
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- `fp16_opt_level`: O1 |
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- `half_precision_backend`: auto |
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- `bf16_full_eval`: False |
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- `fp16_full_eval`: False |
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- `tf32`: None |
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- `local_rank`: 0 |
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- `ddp_backend`: None |
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- `tpu_num_cores`: None |
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- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False |
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- `debug`: [] |
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- `dataloader_drop_last`: False |
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- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 |
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- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None |
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- `past_index`: -1 |
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- `disable_tqdm`: False |
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- `remove_unused_columns`: True |
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- `label_names`: None |
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- `load_best_model_at_end`: False |
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- `ignore_data_skip`: False |
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- `fsdp`: [] |
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- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 |
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- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} |
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- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None |
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- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} |
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- `deepspeed`: None |
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- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 |
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- `optim`: adamw_torch |
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- `optim_args`: None |
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- `adafactor`: False |
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- `group_by_length`: False |
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- `length_column_name`: length |
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- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None |
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- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None |
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- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False |
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- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True |
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- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False |
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- `skip_memory_metrics`: True |
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- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False |
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- `push_to_hub`: False |
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- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None |
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- `hub_model_id`: None |
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- `hub_strategy`: every_save |
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- `hub_private_repo`: False |
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- `hub_always_push`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None |
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- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False |
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- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True |
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- `fp16_backend`: auto |
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- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None |
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- `push_to_hub_organization`: None |
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- `mp_parameters`: |
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- `auto_find_batch_size`: False |
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- `full_determinism`: False |
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- `torchdynamo`: None |
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- `ray_scope`: last |
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- `ddp_timeout`: 1800 |
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- `torch_compile`: False |
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- `torch_compile_backend`: None |
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- `torch_compile_mode`: None |
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- `dispatch_batches`: None |
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- `split_batches`: None |
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- `include_tokens_per_second`: False |
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- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False |
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- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None |
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- `optim_target_modules`: None |
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- `batch_eval_metrics`: False |
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- `eval_on_start`: False |
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- `use_liger_kernel`: False |
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- `eval_use_gather_object`: False |
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- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler |
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- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin |
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</details> |
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### Training Logs |
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| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | |
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|:------:|:----:|:-------------:| |
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| 1.8248 | 500 | 0.0056 | |
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### Framework Versions |
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- Python: 3.10.14 |
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- Sentence Transformers: 3.2.0 |
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- Transformers: 4.45.1 |
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- PyTorch: 2.4.0 |
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- Accelerate: 0.34.2 |
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- Datasets: 3.0.1 |
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- Tokenizers: 0.20.0 |
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## Citation |
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### BibTeX |
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#### Sentence Transformers |
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```bibtex |
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@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, |
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title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", |
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author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", |
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
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month = "11", |
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year = "2019", |
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
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url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", |
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} |
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``` |
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