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how long does it take to develop a habit	<P> It depends on how complex the habit pattern is. You can develop a simple habit pattern in 14 to 21 days. For example, if you want to begin getting up half an hour earlier so that you can plan and organize your day, it might take just two to three weeks to develop the habit. <P> At the end of the day, how long it takes to form a particular habit doesn't really matter that much. Whether it takes 50 days or 500 days, you have to put in the work either way. The only way to get to Day 500 is to start with Day 1. <P> On average, it takes more than two months before a new behavior becomes automatic -- 66 days to be exact. And how long it takes a new habit to form can vary widely depending on the behavior, the person, and the circumstances. In Lally's study, it took anywhere from 18 days to 254 days for people to form a new habit. <P> Where to Go From Here. At the end of the day, how long it takes to form a particular habit doesn't really matter that much. Whether it takes 50 days or 500 days, you have to put in the work either way. The only way to get to Day 500 is to start with Day 1. So forget about the number and focus on doing the work. <P> […] intended saying, which is that it takes at least 21 days to form a habit. The folks over at University College London did a study in 2010 that showed an average of 66 days for something to become a habit – […]. <P> Hi Gretchen, I believe it does take 21 days to change or create a habit although I think the statement should be rephrased to say it takes approximately 21 days of consistent daily behaviour combined with belief, faith, determination and emotional leverage or sincere desire to succeed to form new habits. <P> Although the average was 66 days, there was marked variation in how long habits took to form, anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days in the habits examined in this study. <P> On average it took 66 days for the participants to start a habit. (That’s March 6 if you are attempting a New Year’s resolution). Another interesting result of the study was the amount of variation. Even though 66 days was average, the number of days for habit formation varied wildly from 18 days to 254 days.	18 days to 254 days
normal blood oxygen levels	<P> Hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood. In order to function properly, your body needs a certain level of oxygen circulating in the blood to cells and tissues. Though the pulse oximeter actually measures the saturation of oxygen in your blood, the results are often used as an estimate of blood oxygen levels. Normal pulse oximeter readings range from 95 to 100 percent, under most circumstances. Values under 90 percent are considered low. 1 Caus <P> Understanding your blood oxygen levels when you are at rest is something that you need to do if you want to make the most of the oxygen that's entering your body. Normal blood oxygen levels for the average American is about 90 to 100 percent oxygen saturation. This means that your body is getting enough oxygen if your levels fall somewhere in this range. <P> Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, which competes with oxygen on the hemoglobin of the red blood cell. Because hemoglobin saturated with CO (carbon monoxide) can not be differentiated from that with oxygen, a pulse oximetry test may indicate the blood level is normal, when in fact the oxygen levels are low. Healthy people have a normal range of oxygen saturation from 95% – 100%, although levels down to 90% are common and not usually cause for alarm. <P> This measurement is called an arterial blood oxygen. A normal arterial blood oxygen level typically falls between 75 and 100 mmHg. Your blood carbon dioxide level and pH -- a measure of acidity or alkalinity -- are usually measured along with the arterial blood oxygen level. Blood oxygen level is an important medical tool used to determine how effectively you are taking oxygen into your body. If you're in good health, normal blood oxygen levels almost always fall within a very predictable range. Medical professionals use two primary measurements for determining your blood oxygen level: oxygen saturation and arterial oxygen. The normal values differ for these measurements <P> Normal Blood Oxygen Levels. Healthy people have a normal range of oxygen saturation from 95% – 100%, although levels down to 90% are common and not usually cause for alarm. During exercise, the increased oxygen consumption may reduce blood saturation, but the increased breathing rate and blood flow compensate for thi <P> Normally, when your blood circulates to your lungs, 95 to 100 percent of your red blood cells are able to grab oxygen molecules, reports Harvard Health Publications. This is the normal oxygen level for an adult female and can be measured using a device known as a pulse oximeter. This is a small instrument that attaches to one of your fingers and is able to measure the amount of oxygen inside your blood in a non-invasive manner. <P> Newly oxygenated red blood cells carry oxygen to your body. A pulse oximeter uses light to measure the oxygen saturation level, the percentage of hemoglobin in your red blood cells carrying oxygen. Normal oxygen saturation levels fall between 95 and 99 percent. Blood oxygen level is an important medical tool used to determine how effectively you are taking oxygen into your body. If you're in good health, normal blood oxygen levels almost always fall within a very predictable range. Medical professionals use two primary measurements for determining your blood oxygen level: oxygen saturation and arterial oxygen. The normal values differ for these measurements <P> Oxygen saturation is a term referring to the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal blood oxygen levels in humans are considered 95-100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low resulting in hypoxemia. Blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed. Continued low oxygen levels may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest.	95-100 percent.
what is salt made of	<P> The manufacture of salt is one of the oldest chemical industries. A major source of salt is seawater, which has a salinity of approximately 3.5%. This means that there are about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts, predominantly sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions, per kilogram (2.2 lbs) of water. Salt is an essential nutrient and the amount of salt in the diet influences health. Too much salt can raise blood pressure and may increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes in susceptible populations. <P> There are meathods of chemically producing salt. Several processes produce salt as a biproduct, but rock salt and brine salt are the common meathods of producing salt. Brind salt starts with sea water. Brine is first treated chemically to remove calcium and magnesium compounds. It then fills the bottom of the cylinders. <P> We’ll adopt a schoolmasterly tone at this point. Salt (NaCl) is a natural mineral made up of white cube-shaped crystals composed of two elements, sodium and chlorine. Salt occurs naturally in many parts of the world in mineral form and has been mined for thousands of years. Chemically, sea salt is the same. Gastronomically, it’s very different. <P> Salt is made up of Sodium chloride (NaCl), its solid form is formed by crystallisation that occurs when the NaCl in the water is left behind due to evaporation, this usually happens when water is left on rocks for a while-to every 3.78 litres there is 0.113g of NaCl (salt). I hope my answer has helped :). Common salt is a compound called Sodium chloride and it contains Sdoium and Chlorine. It is generally not made but is either mined or extracted from sea water. <P> Background. Salt is the common name for the substance sodium chloride (NaCI), which occurs in the form of transparent cubic crystals. Although salt is most familiar as a food supplement, less than 5% of the salt produced in the United States is used for that purpose. About 70% is used in the chemical industry, mostly as a source of chlorine. Rock salt may be quite pure, or it may contain various amounts of these substances along with rocky impurities such as shale and quartz. For table salt, however, additives are usually mixed in. Most table salt is iodized in order to provide the trace element iodine to the diet. <P> Salt isn't made from salt water, it is already present in the salt water. If you were to heat up the salt water, or put it on an evaporating dish, after a while, all the water … will be gone and you'll be left with salt crystals. Industrially sea water is 10times concentrated to get salt crystals. Common salt is a compound called Sodium chloride and it contains Sdoium and Chlorine. It is generally not made but is either mined or extracted from sea water. <P> Common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is an essential nutrient and the amount of salt in the diet influences health. Too much salt can raise blood pressure and may increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes in susceptible populations. <P> Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent; the open ocean has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of solids per litre, a salinity of 3.5%. Salt is essential for animal life, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. Salt is an essential nutrient and the amount of salt in the diet influences health. Too much salt can raise blood pressure and may increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes in susceptible populations. <P> The scientific name for table salt is sodium chloride. It is made up of both Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl). Common salt is a compound called Sodium chloride and it contains Sdoium and Chlorine. It is generally not made but is either mined or extracted from sea water.	It is made up of white cube-shaped crystals composed of two elements, sodium and chlorine.
am frequency range in usa	<P> edit Differences in Spectrum Range. AM radio ranges from 535 to 1705 kilohertz, whereas FM radio ranges in a higher spectrum from 88 to 108 megahertz. For AM radio, stations are possible every 10 kHz and FM stations are possible every 200 kHz. <P> Senior Fellow in Electrical Engineering. Radio frequency range, as determined by FCC in the US: AM: 535 kHz - 1.7 MHz SW: 5.9 MHz - 26.1 MHz TV: 54 MHz - 220 MHz FM: 88 MHz - 108 MHz In addition, all wirele … ss communications use radio waves, ranging from 40 MHz to tens of GHz. Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The FM range is 88 - 108 MHz (with broadcast frequencies, or stations, assigned between 88.1 and 107.9 MHz every 0.2 MHz). The AM range is 535 - 1605 KHz (stations are assigned between 540 and 1600 KHz every 10 KHz). <P> Sarip Yasin. The AM radio band falls in the comparatively low frequency range of 550 to 1600 KHz while FM radio operates in the 88 to 108 MHZ range and CB operates in the relatively … narrow range of 26.95 to 27.405 MHZ. Cellular telephone operates in a frequency band of 825 to 890 MHZ. 1 person found this useful. What is the FM and AM radio frequency range? The FM range is 88 - 108 MHz (with broadcast frequencies, or stations, assigned between 88.1 and 107.9 MHz every 0.2 MHz). The AM range is 535 - 1605 KHz (stations are a … ssigned between 540 and 1600 KHz every 10 KHz) <P> The center frequencies of the FM channels are spaced in increments of 200 kHz. The frequency of 87.9 MHz, while technically part of TV channel 6 (82 to 88 MHz), is used by just two FM class-D stations in the United States. Frequency-modulated radio waves can be generated at any frequency. All the bands mentioned in this article are in the very high frequency (VHF) range, which extends from 30 to 300 MHz. <P> The Amplitude Modulated (AM radio) carrier frequencies are in the frequency range 535-1605 kHz. Carrier frequencies of 540 to 1600 kHz are assigned at 10 kHz intervals. The FM radio band is from 88 to 108 MHz between VHF television Channels 6 and 7. The FM stations are assigned center frequencies at 200 kHz separation starting at 88.1 MHz, for a maximum of 100 stations. These FM stations have a 75 kHz maximum deviation from the center frequency, which leaves 25 kHz upper and lower gaurd bands to minimize interaction with the adjacent frequency band <P> Report Abuse. AM runs from 535 kHz to 1,605 kHz and is in the MF (Medium Frequency) range. MF is from 300 kHz to 3,000 kHz. FM runs from 88 MHz to 108 MHz and is in the VHF (Very High Frequency) range. VHF is from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. The 2 links below gives additional details. The answer about AM and FM being modulation types isn't all that accurat <P> However, FM broadcasting did not become widespread even in North America until the 1960s. Frequency-modulated radio waves can be generated at any frequency. All the bands mentioned in this article are in the very high frequency (VHF) range, which extends from 30 to 300 MHz.	535-1605 kHz
what is the typical lunch in hawaiian	<P> A plate lunch of lau lau, kalua pork, lomi lomi salmon, poi, haupia, and rice. A taro burger from Down to Earth, Maui. This is a list of dishes in Hawaiian cuisine, which includes Native Hawaiian cuisine and the broader fusion Cuisine of Hawaii. The Cuisine of Hawaii refers to the indigenous, ethnic, and local cuisines within the diverse state of Hawaii. <P> With an active city, awesome surf and a living rainforest, Hawaii truly is paradise--but it comes at a cost. Most food items in Hawaii are shipped in from the mainland, and the cost of shipping those items across the ocean is reflected in the high price of groceries. Eating out in Hawaii doesn't have to be expensive. The culture thrives on casual dining, offering a huge variety of foods at reasonable prices. In tourist-filled areas such as Waikiki, chain restaurants and fast food joints charge more than the same places on the mainland. <P> Fire up the tiki torches -- it's time for a luau! This delicious slow-roasted pork is rubbed with sea salt and liquid smoke to recall the glorious flavors of pig cooked in a traditional Hawaiian imu. Once cooked and cooled, it can be shredded and served with poi, yams or even on a bun. <P> However, the pan-Asian influence on Hawaiian cuisine, and its roots in the Japanese bento, make the plate lunch unique to Hawaii. Standard plate lunches consist of two scoops of white rice, macaroni salad, and an entree. entrée A plate lunch with more than one entree entrée is often called a mixed. plate <P> Venture outside of the tourist traps, though, and you are overwhelmed by the choices. Plate lunch is a specialty in Hawaii, generally consisting of rice, one or two types of meat, and macaroni salad. These plates are huge, easily enough for two, and usually cost less than $10. Eating out in Hawaii doesn't have to be expensive. The culture thrives on casual dining, offering a huge variety of foods at reasonable prices. In tourist-filled areas such as Waikiki, chain restaurants and fast food joints charge more than the same places on the mainland. <P> With poi. With rice and poi. But especially on a Hawaiian plate lunch with hearty sides of rice, poi, lomi salmon, poke, maybe some chicken long rice or pipi kaula, and, for dessert, a cube of haupia. You crave it when you’re away from the Islands. Chicken katsu is a longtime staple of the Hawaii plate lunch. A take on the popular Japanese restaurant dish tonkatsu (or pork cutlet), chicken katsu is essentially a chicken cutlet taken to more crunchy extremes. <P> The plate lunch is a quintessentially Hawaiian meal, roughly analogous to Southern U.S. meat-and-threes. A plate lunch with more than one entree entrée is often called a mixed. plate <P> Standard plate lunches consist of two scoops of white rice, macaroni salad, and an entree. Entrée a plate lunch with more than one entree entrée is often called a. mixed plate A plate lunch with more than one entree entrée is often called a mixed. plate <P> Although the exact origin of the Hawai'ian plate lunch is disputed, according to Professor Jon Okamura of the University of Hawai'i, the plate lunch likely grew out of the Japanese bento, because bentos were take away kinds of eating and certainly the plate lunch continues that tradition. A plate lunch with more than one entree entrée is often called a mixed. plate	Hawaiian plate lunch with hearty sides of rice, poi, lomi salmon, poke, chicken long rice or pipi kaula, and, for dessert, a cube of haupia.
what is accu choke	<P> System of changable shotgun choke tubes made by Mossberg. Accu Choke is their brand name. A shotgun choke is a means of reducing the bore size at the muzzle of a shotgun, to produce shot patterns that spread to a greater or lesser degree. 1 person found this useful. Answer 2 The question may, of course, be referring to the choke of the barrel of a shotgun. Most shotgun barrels are narrower to a greater or lesser degree at the muzzle than at the breech. This is in order to make the shot more focussed and less spread out. <P> Details. Mossberg 500 Accu-Choke TuBes: For Lead Shot Only. Choke TuBes May Be Used On The following Interchangeable Choke Models: Mossberg, Smith & Wesson, Savage, U.S. Repeating Arms (Winchester) And Maverick.....See Details For More Info. Most Mossberg shotguns Come With Screw-In Choke Tubes, But Many Shooters Like To Add To The StAndard Tubes Or Need Replacements. Mossberg offers Such a Wide Selection From Skeet To Turkey Tubes. Accu-Mag Choke Tubes HAndle Lead, Steel And All Other Non-To. <P> AccuChoke is just the name Mossberg gave to their choke tubes. It is the same as the Winchoke and Browning Invector Chokes. The name has nothing to do with amount of constriction. You can get replacement choke tubes for it at Cabela's pretty cheap. I think their under $20 each. The only thing you have to watch with them is if the one you have is rated for steel shot if your shooting it. The original ones I think were for just lead shot. <P> Accu-set is just Mossberg's propritary naming scheme for their set of choke tubes. You know, like Invector Plus, OptimaChoke, MoblieChoke, etc. It's to differentiat that choke from the Mossberg guns that take the Pro Factor chokes. Now as to what the difference between the two is, that I don't know. <P> Yes, you can shoot a slug out of any choke except a turkey choke tube. Alot of people have a misconception that a slug will cause a choke to expand out and miss it up, but tha … t is not true, I have shot slugs out of a Remington model 10 for the last 40+ years and it will still win a turkey at a turkey shoot. Answer 2 The question may, of course, be referring to the choke of the barrel of a shotgun. Most shotgun barrels are narrower to a greater or lesser degree at the muzzle than at the breech. This is in order to make the shot more focussed and less spread out. <P> details. Offered in a variety of sizes, Mossberg Accu-Choke Tubes provide consistent pattern performance for hunting and recreational shooting. These convenient tubes screw into and out of Mossberg shotguns quickly and easily for on-the-fly change <P> · just now. Report Abuse. I believe that the accu-choke is the style of choke that the shotgun uses. Your shotgun should have come with a little key shaped wrench and the choke is just threaded into the inside of the barrel. (maverick is made by mossberg). and on the side of the barrel is says accu-choke does that mean is has a built in choke or something? other then that it has no way to add a choke of any kind. 28 inch barrel if that helps any. <P> Mossberg 500 Accu-Choke TuBes: For Lead, Steel & OTher NOn-Toxic Shot. Choke TuBes May Be Used On The following Interchangeable Choke Models: Mossberg, Smith & Wesson, Savage, U.S. Repeating Arms (Winchester) And Maverick.....See Details For More Info. Price: $17.09. Most Mossberg shotguns Come With Screw-In Choke Tubes, But Many Shooters Like To Add To The StAndard Tubes Or Need Replacements. Mossberg offers Such a Wide Selection From Skeet To Turkey Tubes. Accu-Mag Choke Tubes HAndle Lead, Steel And All Other Non-To.	It is the brand name of system of changable shotgun choke tubes made by Mossberg.
what is a morpheme	<P> A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. <P> It actually has five syllables, though, which is a good example of why morphemes and syllables are not synonymous. Non-is an example of a prefix, or a morpheme that precedes a base morpheme. Perish is an example of a base morpheme, as it gives the word its essential meaning. -Able is an example of a suffix, or a morpheme that follows a base morpheme. It is also important to note two types of affixes: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes can only be a suffix, and they transform the function of a word, such as adding an '-ly' suffix to the base noun of 'friend.' This becomes the word 'friendly,' which has 2 morphemes. The-ly is an inflectional morpheme because it changes the noun into an adjectiv <P> In morphology, a bound morpheme is a morpheme that appears only as part of a larger word; a free morpheme or unbound morpheme is one that can be used stand alone or can appear with other lexemes. A bound morpheme is also known as a bound form, and similarly a free morpheme is a free form. Many roots are free morphemes, e.g., ship-in shipment, while others are bound. Roots normally carry lexical meaning. Words like chairman that contain two free morphemes (chair and man) are referred to as compound word <P> A base, or root is a morpheme in a word that gives the word its principle meaning. An example of a free base morpheme is woman in the word womanly. An example of a bound base morpheme is-sent in the word dissent. Affixes. An affix is a bound morpheme that occurs before or after a base. <P> Derivational morphemes can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word. An example would be adding the suffix '-less' to the noun 'meaning.' The suffix then makes the word the opposite of itself, thus drastically changing meaning. It is also important to note two types of affixes: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes can only be a suffix, and they transform the function of a word, such as adding an '-ly' suffix to the base noun of 'friend.' This becomes the word 'friendly,' which has 2 morphemes. The-ly is an inflectional morpheme because it changes the noun into an adjective <P> In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding <P> Definition. A morpheme is a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word (such as dog) or a word element (such as the-s at the end of dogs) that can't be divided into smaller meaningful parts. Adjective: morphemic. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. They are commonly classified as either free morphemes (which can occur as separate words) or bound morphemes (which can't stand alone as words). Many words in English are made up of a single free morpheme. <P> 1 A word can be analyzed as consisting of one morpheme (sad) or two or more morphemes (unluckily; compare luck, lucky, unlucky), each morpheme usually expressing a distinct meaning. 2 When a morpheme is represented by a segment, that segment is a morph. Adjective: morphemic. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. They are commonly classified as either free morphemes (which can occur as separate words) or bound morphemes (which can't stand alone as words). Many words in English are made up of a single free morpheme.	A morpheme is a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word (such as dog) or a word element (such as the-s at the end of dogs) that can't be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
why put heart monitors on babies in hospital	<P> You will be asked to bring in your baby’s car seat, which he will sit in for 90 to 120 minutes or the length of the car ride home, whichever is longer. During the test, the nurse will monitor your baby’s heart rate, breathing and oxygen level. If not, the hospital may repeat the same car seat test. If your doctor tells you that your baby needs a car bed, it is likely because of concerns with your baby’s breathing and heart rate when he’s semi-reclined in a traditional child safety seat. The doctor may also order a home monitor to check your baby’s heart rate and breathing <P> Take Your Baby Home with an Apnea Monitor. An apnea monitor is a machine that detects your baby's chest movement (breathing) and heart rate. If your baby's heart rate slows down (bradycardia) or the chest stops moving (apnea), the monitor will sound to alert you to check on your baby. 1 Apnea: Not breathing. 2 Bradycardia: Slowing of the heart rate lower than what is normal for your baby's age. 3 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Cardio refers to heart and Pulmonary refers to lungs. 4 This is a technique used to restore circulation and breathing in an infant whose breathing or heart has stopped. <P> A Holter monitor is a small machine that records your child's heartbeat. It is like an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the electrical activity of your child's heart. A Holter monitor does this for 24 or 48 hours (1 or 2 days). It has an event button that you can push when your child is having symptoms. <P> Guide. Electronic fetal heart monitoring is done during pregnancy, labor, and delivery to keep track of the heart rate of your baby (fetus) and the strength and duration of the contractions of your uterus. Your baby's heart rate is a good way to tell whether your baby is doing well or may have some problems. At some hospitals, the sensors can send the information about your baby's heart rate and your uterine contractions to a remote monitor, usually at a nurse's station. Remote monitoring allows you to walk around freely <P> The machine is an electronic fetal monitor. The purpose of the machine is to monitor the baby's heart rate in relation to the contractions during labor. Two stretchy belts are put around the woman's belly. One belt has a transducer to measure her contractions and the other measures the baby's heart rate. To monitor the contraction's strength inside the uterus an intrauterine pressure catheter is used. Each of these monitoring devices prints out a graphic record of the contractions and the baby's heartbeat that can be seen in your room and also at the nurse's station. <P> One monitors your baby's heartbeat and the other tracks your contractions. The transducers are connected to a machine near your bed that records this information on paper. You'll hear the galloping sound of your baby's heart if the monitor's volume is turned up. If you or your partner is interested, ask your nurse or practitioner how the machine works and how to tell when it registers a contraction. Electronic fetal monitoring itself isn't painful. This is called fetal monitoring. It's usually done with an electronic fetal monitor or a handheld Doppler device like the one your caregiver used to listen to your baby during your prenatal visits. A stethoscope-like device called a fetoscope is sometimes used instead. <P> Your baby's heart rate can be checked continuously with an electronic fetal monitor or periodically (this is called intermittent auscultation). Most women who give birth in U.S. hospitals are hooked up to an electronic fetal monitor more or less continuously throughout labor. This is called fetal monitoring. It's usually done with an electronic fetal monitor or a handheld Doppler device like the one your caregiver used to listen to your baby during your prenatal visits. A stethoscope-like device called a fetoscope is sometimes used instead.	The doctor may also order a home monitor to check your baby’s heart rate and breathing.f not, the hospital may repeat the same car seat test. If your doctor tells you that your baby needs a car bed, it is likely because of concerns with your baby’s breathing and heart rate when he’s semi-reclined in a traditional child safety seat.
what was the language of ancient egypt	<P> Egypt is of the countries in Africa and the Middle East. The ancient name for Egypt is Kemet meaning 'black land'. It had obtained its name owing to the fertile black soil found on the plains of the Nile river which flows through Egypt. <P> Origins of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. The ancient Egyptians believed that writing was invented by the god Thoth and called their hieroglyphic script mdju netjer (words of the gods). The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek hieros (sacred) plus glypho (inscriptions) and was first used by Clement of Alexandria. <P> Egypt was invaded or conquered by a succession of foreign powers, such as the Canaanites / Hyksos, Libyans, the Nubians, the Assyrians, Babylonians, the Achaemenid Persians, and the Macedonians in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period of Egypt. Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations globally to arise independently. <P> r n km.t in hieroglyphs. Written records of the ancient Egyptian language have been dated from about 3200 BC. Egyptian is part of the Afro-Asiatic group of languages and is related to Berber and Semitic (languages such as Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya and Hebrew). The language survived until the 5th century AD in the form of Demotic and until the Middle Ages in the form of Coptic. Egyptian is one of the oldest recorded languages known. The national language of modern day Egypt is Egyptian Arabic, which gradually replaced Coptic Egyptian as the language of daily life in the centuries after the Muslim conquest of Egypt. Coptic is still used as a liturgical language by the Coptic Church. <P> Ancient Egyptian Language. Ancient Egyptian Language. Egyptian is the oldest known indigenous language of Egypt and a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Written records of the Egyptian language have been dated from about 3400 BC, making it one of the oldest recorded languages known, outside of Sumerian. The language survived until the 5th century AD in the form of Demotic and until the Middle Ages in the form of Coptic. Thus it had a lifespan of over four millennia. Egyptian is one of the oldest recorded languages known. <P> 1 Afroasiatic languages: The Egyptian Languages-The Egyptian Languages The Egyptian branch of the Afroasiatic family comprises Ancient Egyptian and 2 ... Canopus, city, ancient Egypt-Canopus Canopus, ancient city of N Egypt, 12 mi (19 km) E of Alexandria. B.C.; and (4) demotic, dating from the late 8th cent. B.C. to the 5th cent. A.D. The ancient Egyptian language first used a hieroglyphic form of writing that underwent several stages of development in the course of the centuries. <P> Egyptian was spoken until the late 17th century AD in the form of Coptic. The national language of modern-day Egypt is Egyptian Arabic, which gradually replaced Coptic as the language of daily life in the centuries after the Muslim conquest of Egypt. Coptic is still used as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church. 1 Old Egyptian language (2686 BC – 2181 BC, the language of the Old Kingdom). 2 Middle Egyptian language (2055 BC – 1650 BC), characterizing Middle Kingdom (2055 BC – 1650 BC, but enduring through the early 18th Dynasty until the Amarna Period (1353 BC), and continuing on as a literary language into the 4th century AD).	Egyptian Arabic
what muscle originates on the temporal fossa	<P> Borders. Both superiorly and posteriorly the temporal fossa is bordered by the superior temporal line (origin of the deep temporal fascia). The inferior border runs along the zygomatic arch. Lastly, the anterior border is marked by the frontal process of the zygoma and the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. The Temporal Fossa. The temporal fossa is a depression on the temporal region and one of the largest landmarks on the skull. The temporal bone, the sphenoid bone, the parietal bone and the frontal bone contribute to its concave wall. It is superior to the infratemporal fossa which lies beneath the zygomatic arch <P> The nerve to the medial pterygoid comes off the trunk of the mandibular nerve, while the other motor nerves to the muscles of mastication arise from the anterior division of the trunk. (Netter 45) 1. Temporalis Muscle Innervation-Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves. Origin-Temporal fossa; it is a large fan-shaped muscle. Insertion-The fibers converge to pass medial to the zygomatic arch and terminate in a tendinous insertion onto the anterior and posterior aspects of the coronoid process. <P> temporal muscle. n. A muscle with origin from the temporal fossa, with insertion into the anterior border of the ramus and the mandible, with nerve supply from the deep temporal branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and whose action closes the jaw. Origin, temporal fossa; insertion, coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus; action, elevates mandible (closes jaw); its posterior, nearly horizontally-oriented fibers are the primary retractors of the protruded mandible; nerve supply, deep temporal branches of mandibular division of trigeminal. <P> tem·po·ra·lis (mus·cle). superiormost masticatory muscle; origin, temporal fossa; insertion, coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus; action elevates mandible (closes jaw); its posterior, nearly horizontally-oriented fibers are the primary retractors of the protruded mandible. Origin, temporal fossa; insertion, coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of ramus; action, elevates mandible (closes jaw); its posterior, nearly horizontally-oriented fibers are the primary retractors of the protruded mandible; nerve supply, deep temporal branches of mandibular division of trigeminal. <P> Originates at the temporal fossa. Inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible via a tendon that passes deep into the zygomatic arch. Closes jaw; elevates and retracts mandible; maintains the position of the mandible at rest. Located on lateral skull. rectus abdominis. Originates from the pubis at the pubis crest. Inserts into the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7. A: Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column. Fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intra-abdominal pressure. <P> Fig 1.1 – The temporalis muscle. The temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa – a shallow depression on the lateral aspect of the skull. The muscle is covered by tough fascia, this can harvested surgically, and used to repair a perforated tympanic membrane (an operation known as a myringoplasty). 1 Attachments: Originates from the temporal fossa. 2 Actions: Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth. 3 Innervation: Mandibular nerve (V 3). <P> The temporal fossa is a shallow depression on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch. <P> It originates from the superior, anterior and posterior borders of the temporal fossa and resides within its concavity as the muscle fibers move towards their insertion point, which lies under the zygomatic arch. The Temporal Fossa. The temporal fossa is a depression on the temporal region and one of the largest landmarks on the skull. The temporal bone, the sphenoid bone, the parietal bone and the frontal bone contribute to its concave wall. It is superior to the infratemporal fossa which lies beneath <P> In humans, it arises from the temporal fossa and the deep part of temporal fascia. It passes medial to the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible, with its insertion extending into the retromolar fossa posterior to the most distal mandibular molar. In other mammals, the muscle usually spans the dorsal part of the skull all the way up to the medial line. It is a broad, fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch so it covers much of the temporal bone.	Temporal muscle
risperidone dosage for bipolar disorder	<P> RISPERDAL® adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate is indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder. Efficacy was established in one short-term trial in adults [see Clinical Studies ]. RISPERDAL® can be administered once or twice daily. Initial dosing is 2 mg per day. May increase the dose at intervals of 24 hours or greater, in increments of 1 to 2 mg per day, as tolerated, to a recommended dose of 4 to 8 mg per day. In some patients, slower titration may be appropriate. <P> Elderly people, or those with liver or kidney disease, should be started at a lower dose (risperidone 0.5 mg twice daily). The recommended Risperdal dose for treating bipolar disorder in children age 10 to 17 years old is Risperdal 0.5 mg once daily. Your child's healthcare provider may slowly increase the Risperdal dose if necessary. Risperidone Dosing for Schizophrenia. The recommended starting risperidone dose for schizophrenia in adults is risperidone 1 mg twice daily (or risperidone 2 mg once daily). Usually, the dose can be increased slowly in the next few days, up to risperidone 3 mg twice daily (or 6 mg once daily) by the third day. <P> Risperidone Dosing for Bipolar Disorder. The recommended starting risperidone dose for bipolar disorder in adults is risperidone 2 mg to 3 mg once daily. Your healthcare provider may increase your dose up to a maximum of risperidone 6 mg once daily if necessary. Risperidone Dosing for Schizophrenia. The recommended starting risperidone dose for schizophrenia in adults is risperidone 1 mg twice daily (or risperidone 2 mg once daily). Usually, the dose can be increased slowly in the next few days, up to risperidone 3 mg twice daily (or 6 mg once daily) by the third day. <P> RISPERDAL® is indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder. Efficacy was established in 2 short-term trials in adults and one short-term trial in children and adolescents (ages 10 to 17 years) [see Clinical Studies ]. RISPERDAL® can be administered once or twice daily. Initial dosing is 2 mg per day. May increase the dose at intervals of 24 hours or greater, in increments of 1 to 2 mg per day, as tolerated, to a recommended dose of 4 to 8 mg per day. In some patients, slower titration may be appropriate. <P> Specifically, Risperdal may be used to treat schizophrenia in adolescents aged 13-17 and for the short-term treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder in children and adolescents aged 10-17. Bipolar disorder I refers to recurrent episodes of mania and depression. <P> Schizophrenia. RISPERDAL® (risperidone) is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Efficacy was established in 4 short-term trials in adults, 2 short-term trials in adolescents (ages 13 to 17 years), and one long-term maintenance trial in adults [see Clinical Studies ]. RISPERDAL® can be administered once or twice daily. Initial dosing is 2 mg per day. May increase the dose at intervals of 24 hours or greater, in increments of 1 to 2 mg per day, as tolerated, to a recommended dose of 4 to 8 mg per day. In some patients, slower titration may be appropriate. <P> 1 The maximum dose should not exceed 50 mg Risperdal Consta every 2 weeks. 2 Bipolar Disorder. 3 The recommended dose for monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder is 25 mg IM every 2 weeks. 4 Some patients may benefit from a higher dose of 37.5 mg or 50 mg. 1 It is also used to treat manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder. 2 Risperidone also is used to treat behavioral symptoms associated with autism. 3 This medication may be prescribed for other uses. 4 Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.	25 mg IM every 2 weeks.
what are the function of eukaryotic	<P> In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many. <P> Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and have a slightly different shape and composition than those found in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic ribosomes, for instance, have about twice the amount of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and one third more ribosomal proteins (~83 vs. 53) than prokaryotic ribosomes have. A cell is defined as eukaryotic if it has a membrane-bound nucleus. Any organism composed of eukaryotic cells is also considered a eukaryotic organism. Case in point: You. Biologists do not know of any single organism on Earth that is composed of both eukaryotic and <P> 1 Plasma Membrane: All cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have a plasma membrane, made mainly of phospholipids and proteins, which functions as a barrier, regulating the movement of materials between the inside and the outside of the cell. 1 Cell Wall: The cells of plants, algae and fungi have thick, protective cell walls, which provide support, help maintain the shape of the cell, and prevent the cell from taking in too much fresh water and bursting. <P> No, really. In eukaryotic cells, the first stage of this process takes place in the nucleus and consists of specific portions of the DNA, called genes, being copied, or transcribed, into small strands of ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA containing a copy, or transcript, of DNA is called messenger RNA, or mRNA. A cell is defined as eukaryotic if it has a membrane-bound nucleus. Any organism composed of eukaryotic cells is also considered a eukaryotic organism. Case in point: You. Biologists do not know of any single organism on Earth that is composed of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. <P> Organelles are specialized membrane-enclosed structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The nucleus, which contains DNA in the form of chromosomes, is the most characteristic eukaryotic organelle. The nuclear envelope is connected to a system of membranes in the; cytoplasm called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). <P> Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and have a slightly different shape and composition than those found in eukaryotic cells. Bacterial ribosomes, for instance, have about half of the amount of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and one third fewer ribosomal proteins (53 vs. ~83) than eukaryotic ribosomes have. Some prokaryotic cells also have other structures like the cell wall, pili (singular pillus), and flagella (singular flagellum). Each of these structures and cellular components plays a critical role in the growth, survival, and reproduction of prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells can have multiple plasma membranes. <P> In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells may contain several other types of organelles, which may include mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Each of these organelles performs a specific function critical to the cell's survival. Moreover, nearly all eukaryotic organelles are separated from the rest of the cellular space by a membrane, in much the same way that interior walls separate the rooms in a house. Within eukaryotic cells, mitochondria function somewhat like batteries, because they convert energy from one form to another: food nutrients to ATP. Accordingly, cells with high metabolic needs can meet their higher energy demands by increasing the number of mitochondria they contain. <P> Eukaryotic cells — those that make up cattails and apple trees, mushrooms and dust mites, halibut and readers of Scitable — have evolved ways to partition off different functions to various locations in the cell. In fact, specialized compartments called organelles exist within eukaryotic cells for this purpose. Within eukaryotic cells, mitochondria function somewhat like batteries, because they convert energy from one form to another: food nutrients to ATP. Accordingly, cells with high metabolic needs can meet their higher energy demands by increasing the number of mitochondria they contain.	They convert energy from one form to another.
what is pemex in mexico	<P> Mexico, with about a third of U.S. production, has only 6! PEMEX is prohibited from partnering with foreign companies within Mexico, but not abroad. So Mexican crude is shipped to Houston, Texas, where it is refined (in partnership with Shell) and then re-imported to Mexico. What is PEMEX, and Where is it Going? Allan Wall-PVNN Hopefully, this year will see some kind of substantive reform that can reform PEMEX, for the good of Mexico and its economic development. PEMEX (Petr leos Mexicanos) is Mexico's state oil monopoly. PEMEX is protected from competition in Mexico, where it enjoys a legal monopoly on the exploration, processing and sale of petroleum. Its privileged status in national mythology affords it a certain immunity from criticism <P> Petroleos Petróleos (mexicanos trademarked and better known As, [pemex]), ˈpemeks which translates To Mexican, petroleums is The mexican-state owned petroleum, company created in 1938 by nationalized petroleum and the expropriation of all, private, foreign and domestic companies at that. time Taxes on Pemex revenue provide about a third of all the tax revenues collected by the Mexican government. Pemex has a debt of $42.5 billion, including $24 billion in off-balance-sheet debt. The state-owned company pays out over 60% of its revenue in royalties and taxes. <P> Pemex in brief. We are the most important company in Mexico, the largest tax contributor to the Mexican government, and one of the largest in Latin America. In context. 17° In crude proven reserves. 31° Natural gas proven reserves <P> [ˈpemeks]), which translates to Mexican Petroleums, is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, created in 1938 by nationalized petroleum and the expropriation of all private, foreign, and domestic companies at that time. Taxes on Pemex revenue provide about a third of all the tax revenues collected by the Mexican government. Pemex has a debt of $42.5 billion, including $24 billion in off-balance-sheet debt. The state-owned company pays out over 60% of its revenue in royalties and taxes. <P> Pemex's offices in Mexico City. Taxes on Pemex revenue provide about a third of all the tax revenues collected by the Mexican government. Pemex has a debt of $42.5 billion, including $24 billion in off-balance-sheet debt. The state-owned company pays out over 60% of its revenue in royalties and taxes. Mexico exports crude oil, but imports more-expensive gasoline <P> Pemex is the largest company in Mexico. It operates through the whole chain of value of the industry, from exploration and production-upstream-to industrial transformation, logistics and marketing – downstream. We are the most important company in Mexico and one of the largest in Latin America, and our success is reflected in our dedication to the future of Mexico. <P> Mexico’s historic overhaul of Pemex. For the first time in almost eight decades, Mexico's oil and gas fields are now open to foreign competition. To facilitate this shift, the national oil company, Pemex, relinquished its monopoly hold and revamped its corporate structure and governance. <P> The petroleum sector is crucial to the Mexican economy; while its oil production has fallen in recent years, oil revenues still generate over 10% of Mexico's export earnings. High taxes on the revenues of the state oil monopoly Pemex provide about a third of all the tax revenues collected by the Mexican government. Pemex is Mexico's state-owned petroleum company and the sole supplier of all commercial gasoline (petrol/diesel) stations in the country. Cantarell Field is the largest oil field in Mexico and one of the largest in the world producing. As of Jan 2001, Mexico has approximately 10.42 billion barrels (1.657 ×10.	It is Mexico's state-owned petroleum company and the sole supplier of all commercial gasoline (petrol/diesel) stations in the country
what did cyclic model of the universe	<P> In this cyclic model, two parallel orbifold planes or M-branes collide periodically in a higher-dimensional space. The visible four-dimensional universe lies on one of these branes. The collisions correspond to a reversal from contraction to expansion, or a big crunch followed immediately by a big bang. A different cyclic model relying on the notion of phantom energy was proposed in 2007 by Lauris Baum and Paul Frampton of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Other cyclic models include Conformal cyclic cosmology and Loop quantum cosmology. <P> This new, cyclic model of the universe offers an appealing alternative to the prevailing theory, according to Paul J. Steinhardt, a theoretical physicist at Princeton University. In the most widely accepted cosmological model, called the inflationary model, the universe was born in an instantaneous creation of matter and energy known as the Big Bang. As the universe has inflated since that event, matter and energy have spread out in clumps. <P> Furthermore, recentmeasurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy and large scale structurefavor a ﬂat universe over a closed one.In our cyclic model, the universe is inﬁnite and ﬂat, rather than ﬁnite and closed. The detailed manner in whichit tends to zero is not crucial for the main predictions of the cyclic model. A quantitativeanalysis of this potential (Ref. 14) shows that a realistic cosmology can be obtained bychoosing c ≥ 10 and V 0 equal to today’s dark energy density (about 6 × 10 −30 g/cm 3) inEq. <P> In the 1920s, theoretical physicists, most notably Albert Einstein, considered the possibility of a cyclic model for the universe as an (everlasting) alternative to the model of an expanding universe. A different cyclic model relying on the notion of phantom energy was proposed in 2007 by Lauris Baum and Paul Frampton of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Other cyclic models include Conformal cyclic cosmology and Loop quantum cosmology. <P> Called the cyclic universe theory, it could potentially explain why a mysterious repulsive form of energy known as the cosmological constant and which is accelerating the expansion of the universe is several orders of magnitude smaller than predicted by the standard Big Bang model. Cyclic universe. The idea of a cyclic universe, first proposed in 2002 by Steinhardt and Turok, is an alternative to anthropic selection. The [value of lambda] is one of the prime mysteries of physics, Steinhardt said. It's really been so puzzling that it's driven the physics community to this anthropic approach. <P> One new cyclic model is a brane cosmology model of the creation of the universe, derived from the earlier ekpyrotic model. It was proposed in 2001 by Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and Neil Turok of Cambridge University. A different cyclic model relying on the notion of phantom energy was proposed in 2007 by Lauris Baum and Paul Frampton of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Other cyclic models include Conformal cyclic cosmology and Loop quantum cosmology. <P> 1 Cyclic models of the relativistic universe: the early history Helge Kragh * Abstract. Within the framework of relativistic cosmology oscillating or cyclic models of the universe were introduced by A. Friedmann in his seminal paper of 1922. 4. The oscillating universe in the 1950s Much of the development in cosmology during the first two decades following World War II was concerned with the controversy between relativistic evolutionary models and the rival steady-state theory introduced by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Hermann Bondi in 1948 (Kragh 1996). <P> The explanation, according to the ekpyrotic theory, is that the big bang was actually a big bounce, a transition from a previous epoch of contraction to the present epoch of expansion. The key events that shaped our universe occurred before the bounce, and, in a cyclic version, the universe bounces at regular intervals. The ekpyrotic (ĕk′pī-rŏt′ĭk) universe, or ekpyrotic scenario, is a cosmological model of the early universe that explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos. <P> Steinhardt said several features of the cosmos can be better explained by the cyclic model, including the geometry of the universe, its overall uniformity, and, in particular, the existence of a phenomenon known as acceleration. In the most widely accepted cosmological model, called the inflationary model, the universe was born in an instantaneous creation of matter and energy known as the Big Bang. As the universe has inflated since that event, matter and energy have spread out in clumps.	This new, cyclic model of the universe offers an appealing alternative to the prevailing theory, according to Paul J. Steinhardt, a theoretical physicist at Princeton University. The most widely accepted cosmological model, called the inflationary model, the universe was born in an instantaneous creation of matter and energy known as the Big Bang.
genetic drift founder definition biology	<P> The founder effect describes genetic drift that occurs when a few members of the population break away from the pack and are found, or start their own population. Because a small number of individuals start a new population, the allele frequency in this new gene pool can be dramatically altered. <P> A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have: 1 reduced genetic variation from the original population. 2 a non-random sample of the genes in the original population. <P> In addition to founder effects, the new population is often a very small population and so shows increased sensitivity to genetic drift, an increase in inbreeding, and relatively low genetic variation. As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it is derived. In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species. <P> In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it is derived. In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species. <P> Genetic drift becomes a factor for evolution in populations that are formed from a small sample of a larger population by either the bottleneck effect or the founder effect. Genetic drift is a change in the relative frequency of an allele due to random fluctuation in an isolated population. <P> The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift, occurring when a small group in a population splinters off from the original population and forms a new one. As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it is derived. In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species. <P> There are two major types of genetic drift: population bottlenecks and the founder effect. A population bottleneck is when a population's size becomes very small very quickly. This is usually due to a catastrophic environmental event, hunting a species to near extinction, or habitat destruction. Genetic drift is when chance events cause changes in frequencies of alleles in a population. Alleles are the genetic variations in a population, and they are the driving force behind the evolution of that population. The smaller the population, the greater the impact genetic drift will have. <P> Founder effect. In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It was first fully outlined by Ernst... <P> founder effect The difference in gene pool s between an origin al population and a new population founded by one or a few individuals randomly separated from the origin al population, as when an island population is founded by one or a few individuals; often accentuates genetic drift. Founder effect. founder effect. a high frequency of a particular allele in a population founded by a small ancestral group when one or more of the founders was a carrier of that allele. Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. <P> Genetic drift (or allelic drift) is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms. The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the early twentieth century vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift.	The founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
how many bags of ballast in a cubic metre of concrete	<P> For foundation concrete to cover 1 cubic metre you need 6 x 50kg bags cement and tonnes ballast. … how much water is required to make 380 cubic meters of concrete? … Concrete is a composite material construction material composed primarily of …. <P> to mix 1 cubic meter of cement at a ratio of 3:1 how. many 20kg of sand and 25kg bags of cement will be. <P> Answer 1. You would need approx 60 bags of ballast for 1m3 of concrete. You may wish to look at our Jumbo bags of ballast as this would probably work out cheaper. http://www.wickes.co.uk/Ballast/invt/220082. These products are only available to order in store, however your local store will be able to offer you a delivery service. <P> To make 1 cubic metre of concrete you will need: 5,8 bags cement + 0,65 cubic … Use the same size of container for measuring all the materials in a batch. <P> How many tons of ballast to a meter cube of concrete. For foundation concrete, 1 cubic metre is equal to 1.76 tonnes ballast, and for general purpose concrete, 1 cubic metre is equal to 1.6 tonnes ballast. report this answer. Updated on Monday, February 06 2012 at 07:38PM GMT. Source: www.myersgroup.co.uk/...	5,8 bags cement + 0,65 cubic.
what is the rosetta stone	<P> the discovery and importance of the rosetta stone the rosetta stone a 1700 pound piece of rock called a stele discovered in the sands of egypt was the key to modern understanding of ancient egyptian hieroglyphs <P> the second was demotic which was the common script of egypt the third was greek which was the language of the rulers of egypt at that time the rosetta stone was written in all three scripts so that the priests government officials and rulers of egypt could read what it said the rosetta stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages egyptian and greek using three scripts hieroglyphic demotic and greek <P> the rosetta stone the rosetta stone what is the rosetta stone the rosetta stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages egyptian and greek using three scripts hieroglyphic demotic and greek <P> the rosetta stone is an example of a donation stele which memorializes the grant of a tax exemption by the reigning pharaoh to the resident priesthood the rosetta stone records that ptolemy v granted the exemption and gave a gift of silver and grain to the temples in the eighth year of his reign <P> the text is not that long but like the mesopotamian behistun inscription before it the rosetta stone is inscribed with the identical text in three different languages ancient egypt in both its hieroglyphic 14 lines and demotic script 32 lines forms and ancient greek 54 lines arguably the most over used metaphor in the english language the rosetta stone is an enormous 114x72x28 centimeters 44x28x11 inches and broken hunk of dark granodiorite not as once believed basalt see middleton and klemm that nearly single handedly opened up ancient egyptian culture to the modern world <P> languages of the rosetta stone the rosetta stone is inscribed in 3 languages demotic the everyday script used to write documents greek the language of ionian greeks an administrative script and hieroglyphs for priestly business discovered at rosette raschid see map of nile delta in 1799 by napoleon s army the rosetta stone proved the key to deciphering egyptian hieroglyphs the person who found it was pierre francois xavier bouchards a french officer of engineers <P> definition of rosetta stone 1 a black basalt stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphics demotic characters and greek and is celebrated for having given the first clue to the decipherment of egyptian hieroglyphics 2 one that gives a clue to understanding <P> the rosetta stone is a large block of black granite over 2000 years old that was rediscovered in egypt in 1799 it was a remarkable find as it contains inscriptions that enabled scholars to learn how to read hieroglyphs that were previously indecipherable <P> discovery of the rosetta stone discovered at rosette raschid see map of nile delta in 1799 by napoleon s army the rosetta stone proved the key to deciphering egyptian hieroglyphs the person who found it was pierre francois xavier bouchards a french officer of engineers <P> summary the rosetta stone not to be confused with the language learning software is a granodiorite stone it was found in 1799 in rosetta egypt by french scholars and sent to napoleon it contains the same writing in three different languages hieroglyphics sacred language demotic reformed egyptian and greek brigham young university idaho is the first university in the world to obtain a full size 3d replica of the rosetta stone from the freeman institute the replica was obtained to help students get a real view at what the stone is like	A black basalt stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphics, demotic characters, and Greek and is celebrated for having given the first clue to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
what is the cost of a neptune society cremation	<P> Neptune Society Cremation Costs. Cremation planning allows your family time to grieve your loss and observe your own life as an alternative to face perplexing options and high prices. Cremation costs significantly less-than a conventional funeral and interment service. <P> How much does a Neptune Society cremation cost? The cost for an immediate direct cremation with the Neptune Society will vary somewhat, depending upon the location, but the cost is generally between $1,400 and $1,970. The comparable cost for a direct cremation from DFS Memorials is between $596 and $1,250, depending upon the location. <P> A prepaid direct cremation from the Neptune Society costs on average around $2,500.* A direct cremation plan from a DFS Memorials provider can be arranged for the same price as an immediate need price [in most states]. <P> The cost of an immediate direct cremation with DFS Memorials is between 34% – 60% of the cost of an immediate direct cremation with the Neptune Society in a location. <P> The Neptune Society is owned by Service Corporation International (SCI), and claims to be the “nation’s most trusted provider of low cost cremation services.” No membership fee is required and the Neptune Society provides direct cremation services across the United States with 36 locations in 19 states. <P> Review of the Neptune Society. Typical Neptune prepaid funeral contract: 1 You, the consumer, pay about $700 for standard Direct Cremation, which includes everything from body pickup to local return of the cremains. 2 All paperwork is done, and includes one death certificate.	$1,400 and $1,970
average annual precipitation	<P> approximately 505000 km 3 121000 mi 3 of water falls as precipitation each year 398000 km 3 95000 cu mi of it over the oceans given the earth s surface area that means the globally averaged annual precipitation is 990 millimetres 39 in over the contiguous united states total annual precipitation increased at an average rate of 6 1 % per century since 1900 with the greatest increases within the east north central climate region 11 6 % per century and the south 11 1 % <P> average yearly precipitation for states rain snow the amounts listed below are averages for each state some parts of a state will get more rain and or snow than the average amount of precipitation listed some parts will get less different amounts fall in different areas of each state <P> state wide averages of annual rainfall plus snowfall range from a high of 63 7 inches 1618 millimetres in hawaii to a low of 9 5 inches 241 millimetres in nevada for the entire united states excluding hawaii and alaska the average amount of moisture falling as rain and snow is 30 21 inches 767 millimetres how much precipitation each state in the us gets on average in a year is listed below the states are also ranked from the wettest state at number 1 to the driest state at number 50 <P> the amount of precipitation that an area receives is referred to as that area s average annual precipitation menuitem font family verdana font size 10pt color 990000 text decoration none a location with a relatively low average annual precipitation would be rather desolate <P> the winters receive quite a bit of snow the mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 26 cm annual precipitation has reached a maximum of 46 cm and a minimum of 9 cm the heaviest rainfall of the spring is usually in april or may the maximum annual temperature is about 35 c and the minimum is about 4 c in chile the temperature ranges from 2 to 5 c in july and 21 25 c in january the average rainfall measures 8 13 cm in many areas the maximum annual precipitation over a long period of years has been 37 cm with a minimum of 5 cm the soil is fine textured with a moderate salt content <P> so i decided to try to find out which u s state really does get the least total annual rainfall i found the area of each state in square miles and the average annual rainfall in inches for selected cities in each state to get the units consistent i convert the rainfall from inches to miles then i multiply the area by the rainfall to get the cubic miles of annual rainfall for the state <P> since 1900 average annual precipitation over the u s has increased by roughly 5 % this increase reflects in part the major droughts of the 1930s and 1950s which made the early half of the record drier there are important regional differences <P> severe storms occur infrequently the greatest rainfall occurs in the winter and early spring especially march the early fall months particularly september and october are the driest average annual precipitation 1971 2000 was 54 7 in 138 9 cm in memphis and 48 in 122 cm in nashville snowfall varies and is more prevalent in east tennessee than in the western section nashville gets about 10 in 25 4 cm a year memphis only 5 in 12 7 cm <P> average annual precipitation by state how much precipitation each state in the us gets on average in a year is listed below the states are also ranked from the wettest state at number 1 to the driest state at number 50	30.21 inches (767 millimetre).
victoria cross what does it mean	<P> Albert suggested its name – the Victoria Cross. The Victoria Cross was meant to have a simple design though in an era when medals for bravery were anything but simple, the design won few friends in the media of the time. The first one was made to the specifications of Prince Albert who wanted a “simple cross”. The Victoria Cross was deliberately intended to have little actual value. Its value lies in what it stands for and what people do to earn it: be extremely brave. The inscription on the Victoria Cross is “For Valour”, a traditional word for bravery. <P> Victoria Cross. The Victoria Cross is the highest award for acts of bravery in wartime. It was instituted in 1856 by Queen Victoria and made retrospective to 1854 to cover the period of the Crimean War. It is possible for any serving member of the armed forces to obtain this award. The Victoria Cross is designed in the form of the Maltese Cross: in the centre of the medal is a lion guardant standing upon the Royal Crown. <P> The Victoria Cross is the highest award for gallantry that a British and Commonwealth serviceman can achieve. The bronze for the Victoria Cross came from a captured Chinese-made cannon used by the Russians at Sebastopol during the Crimean War. What is left of the metal is kept at the army base DSDC Donnington, in Telford, Shropshire. Today, there is only enough metal left for 80 more medals. <P> The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military decoration awarded for valour in the face of the enemy to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories. It is first in the order of wear in the United Kingdom honours system, and takes precedence over all other orders, decorations, and medals, including the Order of the Garter. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command. <P> The Victoria Cross is the highest award for gallantry that a British and Commonwealth serviceman can achieve. It is linked with acts of extreme bravery and the original document associated with the medal stated that it could only be awarded for “gallantry of the highest order”. The Victoria Cross was deliberately intended to have little actual value. Its value lies in what it stands for and what people do to earn it: be extremely brave. The inscription on the Victoria Cross is “For Valour”, a traditional word for bravery. <P> Victoria Cross. The Victoria Cross is the highest military decoration awarded for valour in the face of the enemy to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other orders, decorations and medals. <P> The Victoria Cross was created in the wake of the carnage of the Crimean War to recognise gallantry in action by all ranks of the services. <P> The Victoria Cross is forever linked with acts of extreme bravery and the original document associated with the medal stated that it could only be awarded for “gallantry of the highest order”. The Victoria Cross had its origins in the Crimean War. The bronze for the Victoria Cross came from a captured Chinese-made cannon used by the Russians at Sebastopol during the Crimean War. What is left of the metal is kept at the army base DSDC Donnington, in Telford, Shropshire. Today, there is only enough metal left for 80 more medals. <P> Other countries with a Victoria Cross had awarded it numerous times since the end of the Second World War, some members of the Australian, New Zealand, and British armed forces receiving the decoration for their actions during the Afghan and Iraq wars of the 2000s. The Victoria Cross is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, a daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty, in the presence of the enemy at any point after 1 January 1993, may be presented posthumously, and, unlike its British counterpart, may be revoked. <P> The Victoria Cross (French: Croix de Victoria), created in 1993, is a military decoration and the highest award within the Canadian honours system, taking precedence over all other orders, decorations, and medals. The Victoria Cross is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, a daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty, in the presence of the enemy at any point after 1 January 1993, may be presented posthumously, and, unlike its British counterpart, may be revoked.	The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military decoration awarded for valour in the face of the enemy to members of the armed forces of various Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories.
how to import sap support package	<P> 1. Go to http://service.sap.com/swdc. 2. Go to section SAP Software Download Center Support Packages and Patches Browse Our Download Catalog SAP Content ESR Content (XI Content) and select the software component you want to download. 3. Download appropriate version of Software component. This file will be a .zip file. <P> Next, load the Support Packages into SAP system by choosing. From Front End. Step 3: SPAM/SAINT Update: A SPAM/SAINT Update contains updates and improvements to Support Package Manager (SPAM) and Add-On Installation Tool (SAINT). Support packages should be always applied in client 000. 2 The user to be used for the support package implementation must have authorizations equivalent to DDIC or SAP. 3 Call the transaction SPAM and see if any previous Support Package import is incomplete. <P> Install the Support Package Manager using the command line. 1. 2. Open a DOS box or Telnet session. 3. Go the transport directory: # cd H:\usr\sap\trans\bin. 4. Use tp to add the transport to the buffer: 5. Import the transport request: 6. <P> . You have imported the most recent SPAM/SAINT update. To do this, you have checked whether the SPAM/SAINT update in SAP Support Portal is newer than the one in your system. (The version of the SPAM/SAINT update in your system appears in the title bar of the Support Package Manager screen).ou have the relevant authorizations in Support Package Manager. You are logged on in client 000. You have called Support Package Manager. The initial screen provides an overview of the status of the last queue imported. <P> Importing Support Packages with Support Package Manager. You can use Support Package Manager to import Support Packages into your system, irrespective of whether they are from SAP Support Portal or from Collection CDs. You have the relevant authorizations in Support Package Manager. You are logged on in client 000. You have called Support Package Manager. The initial screen provides an overview of the status of the last queue imported. If the Support Package import is incomplete, the last (terminated) phase processed by Support Package Manager is displayed. <P> – Essentially what you are doing here is telling SAP which SPs you want to import. Load the SP’s from the Application server (after you have unzipped them into the ../EPS/in folder). Pick the highest SP number. (It will automatically included other SP’s or dependencies.).tep-by-Step process of Importing Support Packages into ECC6 EHP4 System. Sep 26. Posted by Murtuza. In this blog we look at a step-by-step procedure to import HR support packages (HR Sp 16 to 20) & (EA-HR 16 to 20) into a ECC6 system with EHP4. <P> The Support Package Stack is a list of ABAP and Java Support Packages for all software components (SC) included in SAP NetWeaver. It is used to bring each Software Component of SAP NetWeaver to a defined Support Pack (SP) level. Support packages should be always applied in client 000. 2 The user to be used for the support package implementation must have authorizations equivalent to DDIC or SAP. 3 Call the transaction SPAM and see if any previous Support Package import is incomplete. <P> Step-by-Step process of Importing Support Packages into ECC6 EHP4 System. Sep 26. Posted by Murtuza. In this blog we look at a step-by-step procedure to import HR support packages (HR Sp 16 to 20) & (EA-HR 16 to 20) into a ECC6 system with EHP4. The most important part of the installation is the preparation work. <P> Step-by-Step process of Importing Support Packages into ECC6 EHP4 System. In this blog we look at a step-by-step procedure to import HR support packages (HR Sp 16 to 20) & (EA-HR 16 to 20) into a ECC6 system with EHP4. The most important part of the installation is the preparation work.	Load the Support Packages into SAP system by choosing. From Front End. Step 3: SPAM/SAINT Update: A SPAM/SAINT Update contains updates and improvements to Support Package Manager (SPAM) and Add-On Installation Tool (SAINT). Support packages should be always applied in client 000. 2 The user to be used for the support package implementation must have authorizations equivalent to DDIC or SAP*. 3 Call the transaction SPAM and see if any previous Support Package import is incomplete.
what is invasive mammary carcinoma	<P> The most common invasive breast cancers are: 1 Invasive ductal carcinoma (also called infiltrating ductal carcinoma) begins in the milk ducts and is the most common invasive breast cancer. 2 Invasive lobular carcinoma begins in the lobules and is the second most common invasive breast cancer. <P> Invasive mammary carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. When we classify breast cancers, there are 2 main types of breast cancer: invasive and non-invasive cancers. In 2013, about 230,000 women (and about 2,000 men) are diagnosed with invasive mammary carcinoma. Most often (80% of the time) breast cancer begins in the milk ducts of the breast. If the abnormal cells have not broken through the duct into the surrounding breast tissue, it is called ductal carcinoma In situ (DCIS). This means it has no ability to spread, as the abnormal cells are still confined to the duct. <P> Invasive mammary carcinoma, (IMC) also called infiltrating mammary carcinoma, is a mixture of invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas. That means the cancer grows where the breast lobe, or gland that produces milk, meets the breast duct, which is the tube that carries the milk to the nipple. Most often (80% of the time) breast cancer begins in the milk ducts of the breast. If the abnormal cells have not broken through the duct into the surrounding breast tissue, it is called ductal carcinoma In situ (DCIS). This means it has no ability to spread, as the abnormal cells are still confined to the duct. <P> The abnormal cancer cells that began forming in the milk ducts have spread beyond the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue. Invasive cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body. It is also sometimes called infiltrative ductal carcinoma. 1 IDC is the most common type of breast cancer, making up nearly 70- 80% of all breast cancer diagnoses. 2 IDC is also the type of breast cancer that can most commonly affects men. <P> Invasive Mammary Carcinoma (IMC). Invasive mammary carcinoma, also known as infiltrating mammary carcinoma, is a mixture of invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas; meaning the cancer grows at the junction of the duct and the lobule. Invasive mammary carcinoma is treated with a lumpectomy or mastectomy, depending on the size and location of the tumor. Your oncology team also may recommend chemotherapy and/or radiation, hormonal therapy or biologic targeted therapy. Sometimes an MRI is done to help determine the diameter <P> (Redirected from Mammary ductal carcinoma). Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) also known as invasive ductal carcinoma or ductal NOS and previously known as invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a group of breast cancers that do not have the specific differentiating features. <P> A Johns Hopkins Medicine answered. Invasive mammary carcinoma (IMC) is an aggressive and fast growing cancer that appears where the breast lobe and breast duct meet. The breast lobe produces milk and the breast duct carries milk to the nipple <P> Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), also known as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is cancer that began growing in the duct and has invaded the fatty tissue of the breast outside of the duct. IDC is the most common form of breast cancer, representing 80 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses <P> Sign in to receive recommendations (Learn more). Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Larger Version. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), sometimes called infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is the most common type of breast cancer. About 80% of all breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinomas. Invasive means that the cancer has “invaded” or spread to the surrounding breast tissues.	Invasive mammary carcinoma, also known as infiltrating mammary carcinoma, is a mixture of invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas; meaning the cancer grows at the junction of the duct and the lobule.
what are angina pains	<P> Angina is usually caused by coronary heart disease. When the arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood and oxygen become narrowed, the blood supply to your heart muscle is restricted. This can cause the symptoms of angina. Angina. Angina is a pain or discomfort felt in your chest, which is usually caused by coronary heart disease. Some people feel the pain in their arm, neck, stomach or jaw. Angina often feels like a heaviness or tightness in your chest, and this may spread to your arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach as well <P> Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. Angina often is described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest. The pain or discomfort usually starts behind the breastbone. Pain from angina also can occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. The pain may feel like indigestion <P> Knowledge center. Angina-or angina pectoris (Latin for squeezing of the chest) - is chest pain, discomfort, or tightness that occurs when an area of the heart muscle is receiving decreased blood oxygen supply. It is not a disease itself, but rather a symptom of coronary artery disease, the most common type of heart disease. <P> Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. Angina isn't a disease; it's a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). <P> Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is the sensation of chest pain, pressure, or squeezing, often due to ischemia of the heart muscle from obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. <P> Learn more: Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The discomfort also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. But, angina is not a disease. It is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, usually coronary heart disease (CHD). <P> About Angina. Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. Angina isn't a disease; it's a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). <P> Angina Symptoms. Most people feel angina symptoms in the chest. The most common symptom is chest pain or pressure, or a strange feeling in the chest. But you might feel symptoms in other parts of your body. Some people feel pain, pressure, or a strange feeling in the back, neck, jaw, or upper belly, or in one or both shoulders or arms. <P> Angina, or angina pectoris, is a medical term for the symptoms caused by the heart not getting enough oxygen from the arteries that supply the heart with blood. When these arteries become narrowed or blocked over time, it is called coronary artery disease (CAD) , and it can cause angina.	Chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
describe how rna differs from dna	<P> 1 DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different, since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. 2 Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring. 1 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 2 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. 3 DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. <P> DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences. 1 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 2 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. 3 DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. <P> (1) RNA is single-stranded while DNA is a double-stranded helix. (2) RNA also has uracil as its base while the DNA base is thymine. However, even with the differences in their structures, DNA and RNA have cooperating roles in the field of Cell Biology. - DNA contains a pentose sugar Deoxyribose, RNA contains the pentose sugar Ribose. A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar molecule. - DNA is limited to the nucleus, RNA is made in the nucleus, but can travel outside of it. - DNA has a nitrogenous base called Thymine, but RNA doesn't. Instead, RNA has Uracil <P> 1. RNA is usually single stranded while DNA is usually double stranded... 2. RNA nucleotides contain ribose as their sugar and DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose without one oxygen molecule) 3. RNA uses the base Uracil which binds to Adenine while DNA uses Thymine as a base that binds to Adenine. 2. RNA contains the nitrgoenous base uracil instead of the nitrgoenous base thymine found in DNA. 3. RNA is usually single stranded unlike DNA which is a double helix. <P> 1 DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. 2 The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more-OH group than deoxyribose, which has-H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring. 1 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 2 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. 3 DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. <P> Report Abuse. 1. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose. 2. RNA contains the nitrgoenous base uracil instead of the nitrgoenous base thymine found in DNA. 3. RNA is usually single stranded unlike DNA which is a double helix. <P> 1 The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more-OH group than deoxyribose, which has-H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring. 2 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 3 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. 1 DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule. 2 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable. 3 DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. <P> DNA is two stranded while RNA is usually one stranded. DNA uses a deoxyribose sugar while RNA uses a ribose sugar. DNA has the base thymine while RNA uses uracil in it's place. RNA is catalytic, while DNA is only an information storage molecule. Three of the nitrogenous bases are the same for both RNA and DNA: guanine, adenine, and cytosine. Thymine, the fourth base pair found in DNA, is replaced by uracil in RNA. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. The deoxyribose sugar has one less oxygen atom than the <P> DNA is two stranded while RNA is usually one stranded. DNA uses a deoxyribose sugar while RNA uses a ribose sugar. DNA has the base thymine while RNA uses uracil in it's place … . RNA is catalytic, while DNA is only an information storage molecule. Thymine, the fourth base pair found in DNA, is replaced by uracil in RNA. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. The deoxyribose sugar has one less oxygen atom than the ribose sugar. DNA is longer than RNA because DNA contains all the genes of the organism and more besides.	1.DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is a single stranded molecule.2.DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable.3.DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid.4.DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.
what other animals are vertebrate	<P> Science Main Index. Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, rodents and marsupials. Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often allow them to dominate their environment. <P> THE VERTEBRATES Chordates (phylum Chordata) are deuterostome coelomates whose nearest relatives in the animal kingdom are the echinoderms, the only other deuterostomes. However, unlike echinoderms, chordates are characterized by a notochord, jointed appendages, and segmentation. <P> Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, also called vertebrae. These animals include fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. <P> Vertebrates Defintion. Vertebrate are the animals belonging to the sub-phylum Vertebrata. They belong to the Phylum Chordata. The characteristics of phylum chordata is the presence of notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits. <P> Dogs, cats, bears, humans and most other large animals today are members of the vertebrate class Mammalia. All mammals conceive their young within the reproductive tract of the mother and, after birth, nourish them with milk produced by their mammary glands. <P> To date, nearly 2 million species of invertebrates have been identified. These 2 million species make up about 98% of the total animals identified in the entire animal kingdom, i.e. , 98 out of 100 types of animals in the world today are invertebrates. On the other hand, vertebrates only form 2% of the animal species. <P> Animals can be classified into two main groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. The main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates is that invertebrates, like insects and flatworms, do not have a backbone or a spinal column. Examples of vertebrates include humans, birds, and snakes.	Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, rodents and marsupials.
why is the last supper important to christians	<P> Christians don't celebrate the Last Supper. Jesus had the Last Supper with his disciples before He went to the cross. What we celebrate is known as the Lord's Supper. The rea … son the celebration of the Lord's Supper is significant to Christians is that Jesus told us to celebrate it to remember his sacrifice for us. Jesus did many things at the Last Supper. The main one, though, was the first communion. Communion is a ritual done by the Christian church and it is modeled after what Christ … did during <P> The Passover celebration that Jesus kept with His disciples is referred to as the Last Supper. The apostle Paul describes it like this: the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, 'This is my body which is for you. First held when Jesus kept the Passover feast with His disciples on the evening before He was betrayed, the Lord's Supper, or Christian Communion, looks back to the death of our Lord and ahead to His victory over death at the resurreciton, as well as His coming again to earth at the end of the age. <P> Christians don't celebrate the Last Supper. Jesus had the Last Supper with his disciples before He went to the cross. What we celebrate is known as the Lord's Supper. The rea … son the celebration of the Lord's Supper is significant to Christians is that Jesus told us to celebrate it to remember his sacrifice for us. I must note that observing the Lords Supper is serious business and should be done in a totally respectful manner only to honor Christ Jesus. The Last Supper is important to Christians for what it commemorates-the suffering and death of their Lord and Saviour. <P> The Last Supper or Communion is supposed to be observed as a Memorial to our Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus Himself instructed his disciples to do this in remembrance of Me. You can find this quote in the book of Luke, Chapter 22, verse 19. I must note that observing the Lords Supper is serious business and should be done in a totally respectful manner only to honor Christ Jesus. The Last Supper is important to Christians for what it commemorates-the suffering and death of their Lord and Saviour. <P> Extracts from this document... Introduction. The Last Supper Question 1: Jesus' last meal with the disciples has become very important for Christians today. Using Mark's Gospel explain this importance for Jesus and his disciples. Christians throughout the world, have many different names, practices, and interpretations of the Last Supper. The Last Supper Question 1: Jesus' last meal with the disciples has become very important for Christians today. Using Mark's Gospel explain this importance for Jesus and his disciples <P> Typically, the Passover meal was a family celebration. However, at the Last Supper, the apostles were alone with Jesus (Luke 22:14), which suggests that this particular meal has specific meaning for the church, of which the apostles were the foundation (Ephesians 2:20). <P> Question: What is the meaning and importance of the Last Supper?. Answer: The Last Supper is recorded in the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 26:17-30; Mark 14:12-26; Luke 22:7-30). It was both a Passover meal and the last meal Jesus had with His apostles before His arrest and subsequent crucifixion. However, at the Last Supper, the apostles were alone with Jesus (Luke 22:14), which suggests that this particular meal has specific meaning for the church, of which the apostles were the foundation (Ephesians 2:20). <P> Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Last Supper is important to Christians for what it commemorates-the suffering and death of their Lord and Saviour. Jesus began this practice 'on the night when He was betrayed,' in the shadow of the cross. Jesus did many things at the Last Supper. The main one, though, was the first communion. Communion is a ritual done by the Christian church and it is modeled after what Christ … did during	The Last Supper or Communion is supposed to be observed as a Memorial to our Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus Himself instructed his disciples to do this in remembrance of me.
quinine overdose symptoms	<P> Treatment Options. Treatment will also involve supportive care, which consists of treating symptoms that occur as a result of the overdose. Supportive treatment options for a quinine overdose may include fluids through an intravenous (IV) line and medications to increase blood pressure. <P> OVERDOSE. Quinine overdose can be associated with serious complications, including visual impairment, hypoglycemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and death. Visual impairment can range from blurred vision and defective color perception, to visual field constriction and permanent blindness. <P> Cinchonism or quinism is a pathological condition caused by an overdose of quinidine or its natural source, cinchona bark. Quinine is medically used to treat malaria. <P> Most symptoms of cinchonism (except in severe cases) are reversible and disappear once quinine is withdrawn. Quinine, like chloroquine, inactivates enzymes in the lysosomes of cells, and has an anti-inflammatory effect, hence its use in rheumatoid arthritis. <P> In much smaller amounts, quinine is an ingredient of tonic drinks, acting as a bittering agent. Cinchonism can occur from therapeutic doses of quinine, either from one or several large doses. Quinidine (Class 1A anti-arrhythmic) can also cause cinchonism symptoms to develop with as little as a single dose. <P> Cinchonism occurs in virtually all patients with quinine overdose. Symptoms range from headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tinnitus, vertigo, hearing impairment, sweating, flushing, and blurred vision, to deafness, blindness, serious cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and circulatory collapse.	Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tinnitus, vertigo, hearing impairment, sweating, flushing, and blurred vision, to deafness, blindness, serious cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and circulatory collapse.
what to do when your email contact list is hacked	<P> Or maybe you can log in to your email, but find that your inbox is suddenly empty and all of your contacts have been deleted. No matter what tips you off, when your email is hacked (notice I say when, not if, here), the impact can be disastrous. If the wizards who hacked into your account forgot to change your password and you can still log in – do it immediately and change that password. <P> If your email account is compromised, there are things you can do. Bonora and other experts say these are the smart steps you should take: 1 Recognize the signs. 2 Occasionally, a sender’s address (and other parts of the header) are altered to hide the true source of an email. 3 This is called spoofing.. 1 You’ll want to proceed as if your computer has a virus or other malicious software that places all the personal data at risk, Bonora says. 2 Notify friends. 3 Use a different email address or another form of contact to warn friends and contacts not to open anything from your compromised email address. <P> Change your Yahoo password if your Yahoo account has been hacked. Sign in to Yahoo and click Change Your Password.. Type in a new password and confirm it. Click Continue twice. Change your Outlook.com password if your Hotmail or Outlook.com account has been hacked. Log in to your Microsoft account and click Security and Password.. Microsoft needs to send you a security code, so select an email address from the first drop-down menu and then type in that email address in the next fiel <P> If you think your e-mail list was compromised or harvested from an e-mail you previously sent you can change your password but all that will do is confirm that these e-mails are being sent from a third party without your knowledge. <P> Or maybe you can log in to your email, but find that your inbox is suddenly empty and all of your contacts have been deleted. No matter what tips you off, when your email is hacked (notice I say when, not if, here), the impact can be disastrous. Check your email folders. Folks have a tendency to send financial or personally identifiable information to others via email and then archive the offending email in a file in their system. If so, immediately go to whatever account is identified and change the user ID and password. <P> // Rant + Technology. (IMPORTANT: Before I get to my story, if your Yahoo! email has been hacked I recommend that you immediately change your password, update your security questions and ensure your Yahoo! Mobile and Y! Messenger are both up-to-date. Also, when you are hacked and you recover your account, go through ALL your email and account settings to make sure that additional accounts, forwarding accounts, vacation replies, different reply to addresses have not been created. I have seen all of this on different customer’s accounts. <P> Change your Gmail password if your Gmail account has been hacked. Log in to Gmail, click the arrow by your account name, click the Account link, click the Security tab and click Change Password.. Type in your current password. Type in a new password twice and click Change Password.. Sign in to Yahoo and click Change Your Password.. Type in a new password and confirm it. Click Continue twice. Change your Outlook.com password if your Hotmail or Outlook.com <P> If you’re not so lucky, the hacker changed your password too, locking you out of your account. If that’s the case, you’ll need to reclaim your account, usually a matter of using the “forgot your password” link and answering your security questions or using your backup email address. Check out the specific recommendations for reclaiming possession of your account for Gmail, Outlook.com and Hotmail, Yahoo! and AOL.	Change Your Password.
what does grounded mean in electrical terms	<P> Grounding is a method of giving electricity the most effect way to return to the service panel. You see current flows from the panel to the outlet or device to power it up. The neutral wire is the return path for unused current. The ground wire is an additional path for electrical current to return safely to ground without danger to anyone in the event of a short circuit. In that instant, the short would cause the current to flow through the ground wire, causing a fuse to blow or a circuit breaker to trip. <P> Part of the Smart grid glossary: A ground is a direct electrical connection to the earth, a connection to a particular point in an electrical or electronic circuit, or an indirect connection that operates as the result of capacitance between wireless equipment and the earth or a large mass of conductive material. A chassis ground is a connection to the main chassis of a piece of electronic or electrical equipment. In older appliances and in desktop computers, this is a metal plate, usually copper or aluminum. In some modern equipment, it is a foil run on the main printed circuit board, usually running around the periphery. <P> Ground or earth in a mains (AC power) electrical wiring system is a conductor that provides a low-impedance path back to the source to prevent hazardous voltages from appearing on equipment. (The terms ground and earth are used synonymously here. Neutral is a circuit conductor that normally carries current, and is connected to ground (earth) at the main electrical panel. In the electrical trade, the conductor of a 2-wire circuit connected to the supply neutral point and earth ground is referred to as the neutral. <P> In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth. Strictly speaking, the terms grounding or earthing are meant to refer to an electrical connection to ground/earth. Bonding is the practice of intentionally electrically connecting metallic items not designed to carry electricity. <P> Answers. Best Answer: It has several meanings. And a circuit may have several different grounds. The basic meaning is to connect to the earth (and earth is a term used in UK instead of ground) via a heavy copper wire to a copper plate buried in the ground. That plate is connected to the ground/earth wire in your 3 wire AC power distribution system, aka AC mains, aka AC power <P> Report Abuse. Ground means the earth, where excess electrons are sent. In a 3 pronged plug, one prong is for incoming electrons, 1 prong for leaving electrons, and the larger prong is for excess electrons to be sent into the ground so that they do not hurt you or equipment. science teacher · 6 years ago. Thumbs up <P> Grounded conductor-A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally connected to ground. This conductor has also been referred to as the neutral or common conductor. Grounding conductor-a conductor used to connect equipment or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to the grounding electrode (s). Ungrounded conductor-A current carrying conductor not connected to ground. Device-A unit of an electrical system that is intended to carry but not utilize electricity. <P> For uses of the term ground or earth in electricity but not in the context of mains wiring, see ground (electricity) . As the neutral point of an electrical supply system is often connected to earth ground, ground and neutral are closely related. Under certain conditions, a conductor used to connect to a system neutral is also used for grounding (earthing) of equipment and structures. Neutral is a circuit conductor that normally carries current, and is connected to ground (earth) at the main electrical panel. In the electrical trade, the conductor of a 2-wire circuit connected to the supply neutral point and earth ground is referred to as the neutral.	Ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.
why did the stamp act pass	<P> Play video. Lead Story. Stamp Act imposed on American colonies. In an effort to raise funds to pay off debts and defend the vast new American territories won from the French in the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), the British government passes the Stamp Act on this day in 1765. <P> click image for larger picture On March 22, 1765, the Stamp Act was passed by Parliament without debate and was to become effective November 1 of that year. <P> ~~~~~ was passed in March 1765 and became effective November 1, 1765 in the colonies ~~~~~. To pay for some of the costs of the French and Indian War, in March of 1765, Lord George Grenville asked the English Parliament to impose the Stamp Act. This was the first direct tax on the American colonies. On October 7, 1765, representatives from nine colonies attend the Stamp Act Congress in New York City. This Congress passes a resolution to be sent to King George III and the English Parliament. <P> The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament on March 22, 1765 with an effective date of November 1, 1765. It passed 205–49 in the House of Commons and unanimously in the House of Lords. Historians Edmund and Helen Morgan describe the specifics of the tax: The Stamp Act Congress was held in New York in October 1765. Twenty-seven delegates from nine colonies were the members of the Congress and their responsibility was to draft a set of formal petitions stating why Parliament had no right to tax them. <P> The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in Lond…. The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first example of the British Crown imposing a direct tax on its American colonists. The act required that all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the American colonies be printed on stamp paper (a special …. <P> The Stamp Act was introduced by the British prime minister George Grenville and passed by the British Parliament in 1765 as a means of raising revenue in the American colonies. <P> The Stamp Act was passed on March 22, 1765, but the Stamp Act Congress (a group of people from nine colonies) came together to form a statement protesting the Stamp Act. This was the first action of protesting the Stamp Act. Finally, British Parliament stopped the Stamp Act in 1776. The Stamp Act started when George Grenville came up with the idea to tax colonists so the British Parliament would get the colonists money. On March 22, 1765, the Stamp Act was passed. <P> The Stamp Act. When Parliament passed the Stamp Act in March 1765, things changed. It was the first direct tax on the American colonies. Every legal document had to be written on specially stamped paper, showing proof of payment. The Stamp Act of 1765 was not the first attempt to tax the American colonies. Parliament had passed the Sugar Act and Currency Act the previous year. Because tax was collected at ports though, it was easily circumvented. Indirect taxes such as these were also much less visible to the consumer <P> The Stamp Act, 1765. A primary source by George III. View this item in the Collection. On March 22, 1765, the British Parliament passed the “Stamp Act” to help pay for British troops stationed in the colonies during the Seven Years’ War. The act required the colonists to pay a tax, represented by a stamp, on various forms of papers, documents, and playing cards.	On March 22, 1765, the British Parliament passed the “Stamp Act” to help pay for British troops stationed in the colonies during the Seven Years’ War. The act required the colonists to pay a tax, represented by a stamp, on various forms of papers, documents, and playing cards.
what do thymus do in the immune system	<P> A Riverside Center for Neurosciences answered. The thymus is a gland that contributes to the development of your immune system. It helps some of the cells that are part of your immune system become able to distinguish between foreign material and your own body. <P> As the thymus is the organ of T-cell development, any congenital defect in thymic genesis or a defect in thymocyte development can lead to a profound T cell deficiency in primary immunodeficiency disease. In the two thymic lobes, hematopoietic precursors from the bone-marrow, referred to as thymocytes, mature into T-cells. Once mature, T-cells emigrate from the thymus and constitute the peripheral T-cell repertoire responsible for directing many facets of the adaptive immune system. <P> The thymus gland is located in the neck above the heart. The function of the thymus gland is to generate mature T lymphocytes (white blood cels that help the immune system fight off illness). <P> The thymus lives in your chest, between your breast bone and your heart. It is responsible for producing T-cells (see the next section), and is especially important in newborn babies-without a thymus a baby's immune system collapses and the baby will die. <P> The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T cells or T lymphocytes mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders. The thymus is composed of two identical lobes and is located anatomically in the anterior superior mediastinum, in front of the heart and behind the sternum. In the two thymic lobes, hematopoietic precursors from the bone-marrow, referred to as thymocytes, mature into T-cells. Once mature, T-cells emigrate from the thymus and constitute the peripheral T-cell repertoire responsible for directing many facets of the adaptiv <P> The thymus gland, despite containing glandular tissue and producing several hormones, is much more closely associated with the immune system than with the endocrine system. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The thymus is a soft, roughly triangular organ located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity anterior and superior to the heart and posterior to the sternum.... <P> The immune system is used to prevent and destroy infection from various pathogens in the body. It consists of the circulatory system, lymphatic system, bone marrow, spleen and … thymus gland. The first line of defense is against all foreign invaders. It is what is responsible for keeping you healthy. <P> The thymus gland is an organ in the upper chest cavity that processes lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infections in the body. This organ is part of both the lymphatic system, which makes up a major part of the immune system, and the endocrine system, which includes all glands that produce hormones. <P> The thymus seems to be much less important in adults-for example, you can remove it and an adult will live because other parts of the immune system can handle the load. However, the thymus is important, especially to T cell maturation (as we will see in the section on white blood cells below). The spleen filters the blood looking for foreign cells (the spleen is also looking for old red blood cells in need of replacement). It is responsible for producing T-cells (see the next section), and is especially important in newborn babies-without a thymus a baby's immune system collapses and the baby will die. <P> Thymus. The thymus gland is the main organ of the lymphatic system. Located in the upper chest region, the primary function of this gland is to promote the development of specific cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. Summary. The thymus gland acts to regulate the immune system through the development of immune cells responsible for cell mediated immunity. In addition to immune function, the thymus also produces hormones that promote growth and maturation.	To generate mature T lymphocytes
what is a tariff code	<P> You won't believe these 10 facts about people. A tariff code is a number assigned to each type of product sold internationally. Each tariff code is issued by the World Customs Organization (WCO) through a database called the Harmonized System. The number of digits for each product ranges from six digits for common products to 10 digits for niche items. The rule of thumb is that each additional set of digits indicates an increasingly specialized type of product. Tariff codes are not solely used by the WCO and national governments to collect taxes. A tariff code might be a red flag to security officials tasked with enforcing national trade restrictions. <P> The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. Under the HS Convention, the contracting parties are obliged to base their tariff schedules on the HS nomenclature, although parties set their own rates of duty. The HS is organized into 21 sections and 96 chapters, accompanied with general rules of interpretation and explanatory notes. <P> Schedule provides the applicable tariff rates and statistical categories for all merchandise imported into the United States; it is based on the international Harmonized System, the global classification system that is used to describe most world trade in goods. <P> A tariff code is a product-specific code as documented in the Harmonized System (HS) maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Tariff codes exist for almost every product involved in global commerce. Required on official shipping documents for tax assessment purposes, a tariff code ensures uniformity of product classification world wide. A complete tariff code is no less than six digits and can be up to ten. The more digits in a tariff code string, the more specific the product it identifies. A string of less than six digits is considered a partial tariff code and represents a broad product category or chapter of products in the HS <P> Schedule B and Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes for Computer Hardware. Prepared by: U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technology and Electronic Commerce. The Harmonized System is intended to serve as a universally accepted classification system for trade data reporting purposes. <P> Tariff classification of goods is one of the more complex issues under the Customs and Excise Act. Tariff classification relates to the proper classification of goods within the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (tariff book). All import and export commercial transactions require commodities on Customs declarations to be classified according to an appropriate tariff heading. The tariff classification code is directly linked to the rate of duty payable on that commodity. Classification operates as part of the international Harmonised Commodity and Coding System, under the WCO Harmonised System Convention <P> A tariff is a tax on imports or exports (an international trade tariff). In other languages and very occasionally in English, tariff or its equivalent may also be used to describe any list of prices (electrical tariff, etc.). The government gains from the taxes. It charges an amount PtPt' of tariff for every good imported. Since SD goods are imported, the government gains an area of C and E. However, there is a Deadweight loss of the triangles B and D, or in Diagram 1, the triangles labeled Societal Loss. <P> Each tariff code can be broken down into three sections that dictate product category and subcategory. The first four digits of a tariff code represent the general category of the listed product. The WCO adds two or four digits depending on the number of subcategories within a product category. The rule of thumb is that each additional set of digits indicates an increasingly specialized type of product. Tariff codes are not solely used by the WCO and national governments to collect taxes. A tariff code might be a red flag to security officials tasked with enforcing national trade restrictions. <P> A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade. In economic sense, a duty is also a kind of consumption tax. A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty. Similarly, a duty levied on exports is called an export duty. A tariff, which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate (amount) of customs duty, is popularly referred to as a customs duty. The government gains from the taxes. It charges an amount PtPt' of tariff for every good imported. Since SD goods are imported, the government gains an area of C and E. However, there is a Deadweight loss of the triangles B and D, or in Diagram 1, the triangles labeled Societal Loss.	A tariff code is a product-specific code as documented in the Harmonized System (HS) maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO).
how to close a sale in real estate	<P> Double-Check the Money. Prior to the actual closing day, there are several things you should do to be certain that your real estate transaction will close on time, and that everything will go smoothly. A day or two before closing, you should review your final closing statement or HUD-1 Statement, whichever is used in your area of the country. <P> (2) Escrow. A commercial real estate closing will generally involve a more formal escrow process than in a residential transaction. Typically, the title agent will agree to hold the money, collect and record all documents, and wire out the money. Typically the term is used to refer to the inspection and investigation of real property, personal property or a business entity before a buyer makes the final decision whether to consummate a transaction. Below is a list of topics that a buyer or investor in real estate should consider and review prior to closing. <P> Going through the process of buying or selling a house without the assistance of a qualified real estate attorney is usually a bad decision. Real estate transactions are complex legal cases that require skills and knowledge that most non-lawyers or non-real estate professionals do not have. 1 1 Edit step. 1. Set up an appointment for the closing with the other party. At the closing, both parties will sign their names to a number of documents, money will be paid, and the keys to the home will be handed over to the new owner. <P> The real estate closing is also referred to as settlement. The two terms are interchangeable, though closing is the more common usage. This is the final step in a real estate purchase transaction. It's when property ownership is transferred from the seller to the buyer. There will also be a final distribution of funds on closing day. The sellers will receive a check for whatever proceeds they earned from the sale. Here are some specific things that happen on closing day: 1 The buyer (or the buyer's lender) will provide a check for the amount owed toward the purchase price of the house. 2 The seller will sign the deed over to the buyer. 3 This act officially transfers ownership to the buyer. 4 The seller will turn over the keys, as well. <P> You don’t need a real estate agent to sell a house. You sure don’t need one to buy a house. Historically, about 20 percent of annual house sales are direct purchases between the buyer and the owner, though the definition of ‘by owner’ varies. <P> Real Estate Closing. Closing-or settlement or escrow-is essentially a meeting where the closing agent (the party who conducts settlement) takes in money from the buyers, pays out money to the owner and makes sure that the purchaser's title is properly recorded in local records along with any mortgage liens. In this case, the closing agent will compensate you for the prepayment at closing by having the buyer pay you additional money. It could also work in reverse. If you are behind on property taxes, the closing agent will reduce the money due to you at settlement by the amount of the unpaid taxes. <P> (e) Limited Partnership at a Commercial Real Estate Closing. The key documents for a closing with a limited partnership in Massachusetts are a certified copy of the limited partnership certificate and a copy of the limited partnership agreement, certified by the general partner. Typically the term is used to refer to the inspection and investigation of real property, personal property or a business entity before a buyer makes the final decision whether to consummate a transaction. Below is a list of topics that a buyer or investor in real estate should consider and review prior to closing. <P> Do not wait until the closing to address any of your concerns, but rather deal with them immediately or you will risk delaying the closing. If any problems arise that are too difficult for you to handle on your own, you should delay the closing and seek the advice of a real estate professional. 1. Set up an appointment for the closing with the other party. At the closing, both parties will sign their names to a number of documents, money will be paid, and the keys to the home will be handed over to the new owner. <P> If you’re in this kind of situation (or if you just want to understand how the process works, inside-and-out), I want to show you the exact steps I use when I’m closing a real estate transaction in-house. The process is very similar, regardless of whether I’m buying or I’m selling a property. Being able to close a transaction in-house is a huge asset. By handling this entire process in-house, you can minimize paperwork and make the process much less intimidating for the person on the other end of your transaction. <P> How much: Traditionally 6% split between buyer and seller agents; usually 3% to buyer's agent, 3% to seller's agent. Description: Payment for the work agents have done. All real estate agent/broker sales commissions are paid at closing. Who pays: Seller pays unless local custom dictates otherwise, or a deal to split commissions was negotiated and written into the sales and purchase contract.	Closing-or settlement or escrow-is essentially a meeting where the closing agent (the party who conducts settlement) takes in money from the buyers, pays out money to the owner and makes sure that the purchaser's title is properly recorded in local records along with any mortgage liens.
hep d incubation period	<P> The incubation period of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is 2-9 weeks (average, 45 days). HEV usually causes an acute self-limited disease similar to HASV infection. Fulminant disease does occur in about 10% of cases. In women who are pregnant, HEV infection has a case-fatality rate of 15-20%. The incubation period for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 30-180 days (average, approximately 75 days). Patients then enter the prodromal or preicteric phase, characterized by the gradual onset of anorexia, malaise, and fatigue. <P> This period between hepatitis D transmission and the start of hepatitis D symptoms is called the hepatitis D incubation period.. The hepatitis D incubation period can be as short as 30 days or as long as 180 days. The length of the incubation period is dependent of the number of virus particles a person is exposed to. Infection with very few particles results in a longer incubation period. The hepatitis D incubation period is the time between transmission of the hepatitis D virus and the start of hepatitis D symptoms. When a person becomes infected with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) and has an active hepatitis B infection, the virus begins to multiply within the liver cells. <P> An Overview of the Hepatitis D Incubation Period. For people who are infected with the hepatitis B virus at the same time as the hepatitis D virus, symptoms of hepatitis D can begin 4 weeks to 12 weeks (on average) after infection with the hepatitis D virus. The hepatitis D incubation period is the time between transmission of the hepatitis D virus and the start of hepatitis D symptoms. When a person becomes infected with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) and has an active hepatitis B infection, the virus begins to multiply within the liver cells. <P> Transmission. The hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. During this time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of a person who is not protected by the vaccine. The incubation period of the hepatitis B virus is 75 days on average, but can vary from 30 to 180 days. The virus may be detected within 30 to 60 days after infection and can persist and develop into chronic hepatitis B. <P> A person is contagious during the hepatitis D incubation period. Someone who is infected with hepatitis D begins to be contagious early in the incubation period. The point at which a person is thought to be most contagious is right before symptoms begin. If a person develops chronic hepatitis D, he or she remains contagious indefinitely. * For hepatitis B, the incubation period is between 4 and 20 weeks. * For hepatitis C, it's estimated that the incubation period is 2 to 26 weeks. <P> E. Incubation period The incubation period for Hepatitis D superinfection is approximately two to eight weeks. When HBV and HDV viruses infect simultaneously, the incubation period is similar to that of HBV, 45-160 days with an average of 90 days. <P> Hepatitis A. The incubation period of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is 2-7 weeks (average, 28 days). Clinical symptoms then develop, often with a presentation similar to that of gastroenteritis or a viral respiratory infection. The incubation period for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 30-180 days (average, approximately 75 days). Patients then enter the prodromal or preicteric phase, characterized by the gradual onset of anorexia, malaise, and fatigue. <P> The incubation period following exposure to the hepatitis E virus ranges from 3 to 8 weeks, with a mean of 40 days. The period of communicability is unknown. The hepatitis E virus causes acute sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitis. Symptomatic infection is most common in young adults aged 15–40 years. <P> Hepatitis C. The incubation period for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is 15-150 days, with symptoms developing anywhere from 5-12 weeks after exposure. During acute HCV infection, symptoms may appear similar to those of HBV infection. In up to 80% of cases, however, patients are asymptomatic and do not develop icterus. The incubation period for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 30-180 days (average, approximately 75 days). Patients then enter the prodromal or preicteric phase, characterized by the gradual onset of anorexia, malaise, and fatigue.	45-160 days, it have approximately two to eight weeks.
causes of blocked salivary gland	<P> Another common cause of salivary blockage is the development of an infection that attacks the salivary glands and causes them to swell. Mumps, for example, can cause salivary gland blockage in about 30 to 40 percent of cases. Symptoms of Blocked Salivary Glands. Because the salivary glands throughout the face and neck are responsible for both the production and delivery of saliva to the mouth and throat, salivary gland blockage is usually quite simple to identify. <P> Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones), is a condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed Wharton's duct ). <P> In addition, 600-1000 tiny glands (the minor salivary glands) are located in the lips, inner cheek, and in the lining of the mouth and throat. The most common cause of problems in the salivary gland occurs when the ducts become blocked and saliva cannot drain. The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland (also called the submaxillary gland), and sublingual glands. Saliva drains into the mouth through small tubes called ducts. 1 The parotid gland makes 25% of the saliva and drains into the mouth near the upper teeth. <P> Sialolithiasis (sigh a lo THIGH a sis) is a condition where tiny salivary stones form in the glands. The stones, called sialoliths, are made of calcium. Some stones do not cause any symptoms, but some stones block the ducts. The saliva flow is partially or completely stopped. The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland (also called the submaxillary gland), and sublingual glands. Saliva drains into the mouth through small tubes called ducts. 1 The parotid gland makes 25% of the saliva and drains into the mouth near the upper teeth. <P> Salivary gland infection or sialadenitis. Bacterial infection of the salivary gland, most commonly the parotid gland, may result when the duct into the mouth is blocked. Sialadenitis creates a painful lump in the gland and foul-tasting pus drains into the mouth. Sometimes salivary stones can block the flow of saliva. When saliva cannot exit through the ducts it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. Pain is usually intermittent, is felt in one gland, and gets progressively worse. Unless the blockage is cleared the gland is likely to become infected. <P> Viral infections such as mumps, flu, and others can cause swelling of the salivary glands. Swelling happens in parotid glands on both sides of the face, giving the appearance of chipmunk cheeks.. Salivary gland swelling is commonly associated with mumps, happening in about 30% to 40% of mumps infections. The following are some of the more common salivary gland problems : Salivary stones, or sialoliths. The most common cause of swollen salivary glands, salivary stones are buildups of crystallized saliva deposits. Sometimes salivary stones can block the flow of saliva. When saliva can't exit through the ducts, it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. Pain is usually off and on, is felt in one gland, and gets progressively worse. Unless the blockage is cleared, the gland is likely to become infected <P> Salivary gland problems that cause clinical symptoms include: Obstruction: Obstruction to the flow of saliva most commonly occurs in the parotid and submandibular glands, usually because stones have formed. Symptoms typically occur when eating. <P> Salivary stones (sialoliths) The most common causes of swollen salivary glands, salivary stones, are accumulations of crystallised saliva deposits. Sometimes salivary stones can block the flow of saliva. When saliva cannot exit through the ducts it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. Pain is usually intermittent, is felt in one gland, and gets progressively worse. Unless the blockage is cleared the gland is likely to become infected. <P> Salivary gland problems that cause clinical symptoms include: Obstruction: Obstruction to the flow of saliva most commonly occurs in the parotid and submandibular glands, usually because stones have formed. Symptoms typically occur when eating. When these lymph nodes enlarge through infection, you may have a red, painful swelling in the area of the parotid or submandibular glands. Lymph nodes also enlarge due to tumors and inflammation. Tumors: Primary benign and malignant salivary gland tumors usually show up as painless enlargements of these glands.	Development of an infection that attacks the salivary glands and causes them to swell.
what is a mycotoxin	<P> Trichothecene mycotoxins is a type of mycotoxin produced by toxic molds, such as Fusarium molds and Stachybotrys chartarum (also known as black mold or black toxic mold). Trichothecene is one of the most toxic types of mycotoxins. Trichothecene mycotoxins also suppress the immune system. B1 is the most abundant aflatoxin mycotoxin. It is also the most toxic and carcinogenic. M1 is a mycotoxin that comes from animals after the animals have eaten feed contaminated with aflatoxin mycotoxins. For example, M1 can be in cows milk after cows have eaten <P> A mycotoxin (from Greek μύκης (mykes, mukos) fungus and τοξικόν (toxikon) poison) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungi kingdom, commonly known as molds. The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops. One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and the same mycotoxin may be produced by several species. Some of the health effects found in animals and humans include death, identifiable diseases or health problems, weakened immune systems without specificity to a toxin, and as allergens or irritants. Some mycotoxins are harmful to other micro-organisms such as other fungi or even bacteria; penicillin is one example. <P> Mycotoxins are toxins produced by some species of mold (myco means fungal). These mycotoxins are some of the most toxic substances in existence. Mycotoxins in the air can also enter through a person's eyes. Trichothecene mycotoxins can be absorbed through the skin as well. Another way mycotoxins get into a person's body is by the person eating food with mycotoxins in it. This can happen if toxic mold has been growing on crops. <P> Alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA), a disease which is caused by trichothecenes like T-2 mycotoxin, killed many thousands of USSR-citizens in the Orenburg District in the 1940s. It was reported that the mortality rate was 10% of the entire population in that area. T-2 mycotoxin is also thought to be a cause of Gulf War Syndrome. US troops suffered from mycotoxosis-like symptoms after an Iraqi missile detonated in a US military camp in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm in the Persian Gulf War, in 1991. <P> T-2 is a trichothecene mycotoxin. It is a naturally occurring mold byproduct of Fusarium spp. fungus which is toxic to humans and animals. T-2 mycotoxin is also thought to be a cause of Gulf War Syndrome. US troops suffered from mycotoxosis-like symptoms after an Iraqi missile detonated in a US military camp in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm in the Persian Gulf War, in 1991. <P> Mycotoxin poisoning (medical condition): Claviceps purpurea is a type of fungus that can contaminate grains... more ». See also: Claviceps purpurea poisoning : » Introduction: Claviceps purpurea poisoning. » Symptoms of Claviceps purpurea poisoning. <P> Contents. Mycotoxins are poisonous chemical compounds produced by certain fungi. There are many such compounds, but only a few of them are regularly found in food and animal feedstuffs such as grains and seeds. Nevertheless, those that do occur in food have great significance in the health of humans and livestock <P> Definition of MYCOTOXIN. : a toxic substance produced by a fungus and especially a mold. ADVERTISEMENT. aflatoxin, antitoxin, biotoxin, neurotoxin <P> Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B 1, B 2, G 1, and G 2. Some of the health effects found in animals and humans include death, identifiable diseases or health problems, weakened immune systems without specificity to a toxin, and as allergens or irritants. Some mycotoxins are harmful to other micro-organisms such as other fungi or even bacteria; penicillin is one example.	It is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungi kingdom, commonly known as molds.
where are oblique muscles located	<P> The external abdominal obliques are a pair of broad, thin, superficial muscles that lie on the lateral sides of the abdominal region of the body. Contraction of these muscles may result in several different actions, but they are best known for their lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk known as a side bend. The external obliques get their name from their position in the abdomen external to the internal abdominal obliques and from the direction of their fibers, which run obliquely (diagonally) across the sides of the abdomen.... Click to read more below. <P> External oblique. The external oblique muscle is one of the largest parts of the trunk area. Each side of the body has an external oblique muscle. The external oblique muscle is one of the outermost abdominal muscles, extending from the lower half of the ribs around and down to the pelvis. The external obliques on either side not only help rotate the trunk, but they perform a few other vital functions. These muscles help pull the chest, as a whole, downwards, which compresses the abdominal cavity. Although relatively minor in scope, the external oblique muscle also supports the rotation of the spine. <P> The internal abdominal oblique muscle ends at the bottom edge of the rib cage, the rectus sheath (fibrous tissue that covers the abdominal muscles), and the pubic crest (an area in the lower-front of the pelvis). The internal abdominal oblique muscle is located closer to the skin than the transverse abdominal muscle. This muscle supports the abdominal wall, assists in forced respiration, aids in raising pressure in the abdominal area, and rotates and turns the trunk with help from other muscles. Internal abdominal oblique muscles are called “same side rotators.” The right internal oblique works with the left external oblique, and vice versa, when flexing and rotating the torso. <P> The oblique muscles are considered part of the abdominal muscles. They are located between the ribs and the pelvis and make up the waist. The obliques help the trunk to rotate and bend. There are the external obliques which are large muscles close to the surface of the skin. <P> The oblique muscles are located on both sides of the abdomen running diagonally along the rectus abdominis, which is the center abdominal muscle. There are two sets of oblique … s, the external and the internal. The external obliques are more superficial while the internal obliques are a deeper muscle. 1 The internal oblique muscles are located within each side of your abdomen, attached 2 …. Fantastic Ab and Oblique Workouts for a Stronger Core When people work out at home, they tend to do the exercises they are familiar with. 3 This can lead to an unbalanced workout regimen, and that in turn can produce ineffective r…. <P> An anatomical illustration showing many muscles in the upper body, including the external abdominal oblique muscle (or obliquus externus abdominis). Having strong obliques may help support a strong back. Obliques are the stomach muscles located toward the sides of the body. In the front of the abdomen, there is a major muscle called the rectus abdominis, which stretches from pubis to the ribs. On either side of the rectus abdominis, right at the hips, the internal obliques are located. The external obliques are higher, on either side of the rectus abdominis, and start at the rib cage <P> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its aponeurosis the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans (especially females), the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle. <P> The external oblique is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its aponeurosis the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans (especially females), the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle.	They are located between the ribs and the pelvis and make up the waist.
how much do qld paramedics get paid	<P> Paramedic Salary NSW Australia. If you work as a paramedic in NSW the average salary is approximately $56,000 per year, depending on experience (time in the jobs), qualifications, and any specialist qualifications, such as Intensive Care Paramedic/Extended Care Paramedic, or Ambulance Management Roles. <P> The highest-paid paramedics in the 90 percentile margin report earnings of $25.50 hourly, computing to $53,050 each year. The top 75 percent bring in $40,440 annually, or $19.44 per hour. <P> In general, paramedics within Australia can be on salaries ranging from unpaid voluntary service through to positions exceeding $100,000 per year. Paramedic Salary QLD Australia. Paramedics in QLD Australia usually earn a Salary of $45,000 -$55,000. However, penalties, often increase a paramedics overall package up to around $70,000 per year, depending on location, qualifications, and experience. <P> The average pay for a Paramedic is AU$58,694 per year. A skill in Critical Care is associated with high pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this field. <P> The District of Columbia offers the best pay in the nation for paramedics, with an average annual salary of just over $50,000. The Hawaiian islands are another appealing location to paramedics, with pay averaging $49,530 each year. Third place goes to Washington state, offering paramedics $46,690 on average. <P> Average Pay. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, paramedics get paid a median yearly income of $30,710, or $14.77 per hour.	$45,000 -$55,000.
what is imaging science	<P> The foundation of imaging science as a discipline is the imaging chain – a conceptual model describing all of the factors which must be considered when developing a system for creating visual renderings (images). In general, the links of the imaging chain include: 1. The human visual system. Note that some imaging scientists will include additional links in their description of the imaging chain. For example some will include the source of the energy which illuminates or interacts with the subject of the image. <P> If you’re a practicing professional in the radiation or imaging sciences, or a graduate of a program in radiologic technology, diagnostic ultrasound, radiation therapy, or nuclear medicine, our BAS degree completion program is for you. Bellevue College is proud to offer the bachelor of applied science (BAS) degree in Radiation and Imaging Sciences. <P> General Concentration (Abdominal and Obstetrics-Gynecology) Diagnostic Medical Sonography is a radiologic and imaging sciences specialty with nine subspecialties. This emphases prepares students for clinical practice in abdominal and obstetrics-gynecology. Vascular sonography is a required portion of this program. <P> Imaging Scientists are experts in understanding and developing cutting edge imaging systems: from satellite systems, to portable eye trackers, to medical imagers, to multispectral detectors-anything that involves recording, processing, displaying, or analyzing image data. ImSci students typically have interests in science, engineering, computing, or math, but are not sure what they want to do. They may also have interests in photography or video, but are looking to apply science and engineering concepts. <P> Medical Imaging Science/Radiography (X-ray). The BS program in Medical Imaging/Radiography (X-ray) takes two years (five or six semesters) and starts in the fall. Students rotate through clinical education settings in the Central New York region. The BPS programs also start in the fall. The CT and MRI BPS programs take one calendar year to complete <P> Imaging Science. Background. Imaging Science is dedicated to exploring the following imaging modalities: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT (Computed Tomography), Ultrasound, PET (Positron Emission Tomography), PET-CT, and X-ray. Part of the history of Imaging Science includes the arrival of the 8-Tesla magnet during the last week of December 1997, which achieved the 8-Tesla field in February 10, 1998. <P> Radiation Therapy is a radiologic and imaging sciences specialty that is an essential part of the multi-disciplinary field of radiation oncology. Radiation Therapists practice in a cooperative effort between medical and radiation oncology physicians, medical physicists, dosimetrists and oncology nurses and dietitians. Diagnostic Medical Sonography is a radiologic and imaging sciences specialty with nine subspecialties. This emphases prepares students for clinical practice in abdominal and obstetrics-gynecology. Vascular sonography is a required portion of this program. <P> Imaging Science is one-of-a-kind. RIT is the only university in the United States with an undergraduate program in Imaging Science, thanks to Rochester's rich history as a world leader in optics and imaging. ImSci students typically have interests in science, engineering, computing, or math, but are not sure what they want to do. They may also have interests in photography or video, but are looking to apply science and engineering concepts. <P> Diagnostic Medical Sonography is a radiologic and imaging sciences specialty with nine subspecialties. This emphases prepares students for clinical practice in adult echocardiography and either pediatric echocardiography or vascular sonography. Diagnostic Medical Sonography is a radiologic and imaging sciences specialty with nine subspecialties. This emphases prepares students for clinical practice in abdominal and obstetrics-gynecology. Vascular sonography is a required portion of this program. <P> Imaging science is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the generation, collection, duplication, analysis, modification, and visualization of images, including imaging things that the human eye cannot detect. Note that some imaging scientists will include additional links in their description of the imaging chain. For example some will include the source of the energy which illuminates or interacts with the subject of the image.	Imaging science is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the generation, collection, duplication, analysis, modification, and visualization of images, including imaging things that the human eye cannot detect.
what is phomopsis	<P> Phomopsis blight has been a serious problem for more than 75 years in nurseries producing juniper seedlings and grafts. Phomopsis juniperovora Hahn, the fungus causing this disease, is widespread in the United States (fig. 1). Figure 1. States in which Phomopsis juniperovora is present. Damage from drought may be confused with Phomopsis blight. In both cases, tips of branches may be killed. However, the demarcation between green and dead tissues is sharp in Phomopsis-blighted seedlings and gradual in seedlings affected by drought. <P> Check the label of any pesticide referenced to ensure your use is included. Phomopsis twig blight is caused by the fungus Phomopsis vaccinii. This disease occurs in most blueberry-growing regions and is present at low levels in most fields. In some years and locations, twig blight can be severe, with over 100 blighted twigs per bush. <P> Die-back of juniper branch tips caused by Phomopsis tip blight. Gina Foreman* and Brian Hudelson, UW-Madison Plant Pathology *Completed as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Plant Pathology 875 – Plant Disease Diagnostics Clinic Internship at the University of Wisconsin Madison. Item number: XHT1099. <P> The fungus Phomopsis can cause disease in a number of plants, including Russian olive and hickory. Symptoms of infection vary depending on the host plant. Phomopsis causes sunken areas called cankers to form on the branches and trunk of Russian olive, while galls (swellings) form on the branches and trunk of hickory. Phomopsis canker of Russian olive is caused by Phomopsis arnoldiae. The fungus survives in cankers on the trunk or branches and produces spores throughout the growing season, which are thought to be wind-blown or rain-splashed to nearby trees. The fungus then enters the tree through wounds <P> In addition to twig blight and canker, the fungus causes a fruit rot. Symptoms and Disease Development. Phomopsis canker is caused by the fungus Phomopsis vaccinii, which overwinters in infected plant parts. The primary symptom of twig infection is a blighting of one-year-old woody stems that have flower buds. Only in recent years have phomopsis twig blight and canker become important diseases of blueberries. Bushes that have been weakened by other factors usually are more prone to infection. <P> Diaporthe helianthi is a fungal pathogen that causes Phomopsis stem canker of sunflowers. In sunflowers, Phomopsis helianthi (teleomorph = Diaporthe helianthi) is the causative agent behind stem canker. Its primary symptom is the production of large canker lesions on the stems of sunflower plants. <P> RPD No. 622 - Phomopsis Twig Blight of Juniper. Phomopsis twig blight of juniper, also known as nursery blight, cedar, juniper, or needle blight, is caused by the fungus Phomopsis juniperovora. Economic damage to landscape plantings and nursery stock is largely restricted to species and cultivars of juniper (Juniperus). Phomopsis twig blight to juniper is found in most of the United States from the Pacific Northwest, throughout the Great Plains from South Dakota to Texas, and eastward through the entire Midwest to the East Coast as well as in Canada, however, it is not common on plants growing in the wild. <P> Many gymnosperms especially those in the cypress family are affected by the fungal pathogen-Phomopsis juniperovora. Species most commonly affected include eastern red cedar, and the savin, creeping, and Rocky Mountain junipers. <P> Damage from the lesser cornstalk borer can be distinguished from Phomopsis blight by the straw color of the dead tops and by the feeding wounds on the lower stem and taproot present in the former. Needle blight of junipers and other species in the Cupressaceae caused by Cercospora sequoiae Ell. Damage from drought may be confused with Phomopsis blight. In both cases, tips of branches may be killed. However, the demarcation between green and dead tissues is sharp in Phomopsis-blighted seedlings and gradual in seedlings affected by drought.	Phomopsis twig blight of juniper, also known as nursery blight, cedar, juniper, or needle blight, is caused by the fungus Phomopsis juniperovora.