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Moving into training pants is a key sign for your child that she is becoming a Big Kid and therefore should start using the potty, "says former Pull-Ups Potty Training Partner, Page Turner. Below are some helpful insights from Page and the Pull-Ups Brand for transitioning tots to training pants and completing potty training."

Moving into training pants is a key sign for your child that she is becoming a Big Kid and therefore should start using the potty,

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I love giving my babies baths. It’s a peaceful end to the day, they love splashing around, and there’s nothing like tucking a clean sleepy baby into bed. But sometimes bath time isn’t so much an end-of-day ritual as an emergency situation after a diaper blowout or a self-feeding lesson gone wrong. In that moment, what you need is a bath that gets them clean and keeps you from getting soaked ASAP. Here’s how I handle those emergency bath times and I’ve dealt with several in just the last two weeks. 1. Undress them in the bath tub Since their clothes are likely really messy, I like to keep everything contained. I lay my baby down in the empty full-size bathtub and undress her there so I’m not getting the mess anywhere else. 2. Grab a towel and baby soap Before you start the water, grab a towel, some baby soap, and a clean diaper while your hands are free. 3. Use a baby tub to speed things up When you’re trying to get a big mess cleaned up, you don’t want it spreading all over the adult bath tub or to wait for the whole tub to fill up. I find using a baby tub makes things much faster because I can fill it up in just a minute or two and it’s much easier to clean out afterward than the big bath tub. 4. Throw the baby clothing directly into the wash Spray some stain remover in with the clothing to keep it from getting ruined and run it as soon as possible to keep the stains from setting. 5. Enjoy the fact that you have a clean baby when you weren’t expecting it While a bath may not have been on the agenda, it’s nice to have a super fresh baby to cuddle with after the fact.

Throw the baby clothing directly into the wash Spray some stain remover in with the clothing to keep it from getting ruined and run it as soon as possible to keep the stains from setting.

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Getting pregnant has a lot to do with timing. Having sex as close as possible to the day of ovulation when an egg is released from one of your ovaries will give you the best chance of getting pregnant and achieving successful conception.To optimize your chances for conception , you could plan intercourse so that ovulation occurs when the greatest number of sperm are alive "and swimming towards one of your fallopian tubes"

Getting pregnant has a lot to do with timing. Having sex as close as possible to the day of ovulation when an egg is released from one of your ovaries will give you the best chance of

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You might be wondering how to massage your baby—they are so delicate But baby massage strokes should be gentle but firm. Always make sure to respond appropriately to your baby’s cues. If your baby has special healthcare needs or has recently been sick, please check with your pediatrician or nurse practitioner first before beginning massage. To find a certified infant massage instructor in your area How to massage baby’s legs and feet Here are a few steps to help you massage your baby’s legs and feet: Hold the leg with one hand and wrap your other hand around the thigh. Pull down to the ankle. Repeat, alternating the hand that holds and the hand that strokes so that you create a ‘milking’ effect. Cradling the foot in both hands use the balls of your thumbs to ‘walk’ over the sole with even pressure. While cradling the foot, stroke the upper side from the toes upward with the side of your thumb. Repeat. Embrace the foot and pause, tell your baby that this is their feet. With your fingers together, place your hands on either side of the thigh and rotate all the way to the ankle, giving the effect of rolling outwards. Repeat.Now proceed to other leg.

While cradling the foot, stroke the upper side from the toes upward with the side of your thumb. Repeat.

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Vaginal yeast infections are a common minor complication during pregnancy. Most women have had at least one episode of vaginal yeast in their lives long before they are pregnant. Yeast is also known other names including vaginal candidiasis, moniliasis, or simply yeast. It is more common in pregnancy than at any other time. However, there is no evidence that yeast in pregnancy is harmful to the developing baby. The surge of hormones, alterations in the vaginal pH, change in diet and general metabolic changes means that yeast infections are diagnosed more in pregnant women. Most women are familiar with the symptoms of vaginal yeast and they are motivated to seek treatment quickly. Alternative treatment "options may be necessary if you find it does not clear up with conventional treatment. Women who have yeast infections four or more times in a year are said to have recurrent yeast."

The surge of hormones, alterations in the vaginal pH, change in diet and general metabolic changes means that yeast infections are diagnosed more in pregnant women

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Huggies The first year of Baby’s life revolves around very few things other than eating, playing, and hopefully lots of sleeping. Of course the sleeping through the night stage is the end goal for all new parents, but napping during the day can be just as important in creating a calm and happy environment for Mom and Baby. If your baby does indeed nap, it can sometimes leave you feeling house-bound in order to preserve the nap time schedule. Here are a few tips to help preserve a nap routine, and also allow you to get out of the house. Typically a consistently good napper will have at least one nap that is better than the other for instance Baby will sleep for a longer and more sound stretch in the morning than the afternoon. If this is the case, schedule your activities around the one good nap, staying home so Baby can sleep in his own bed, and then venture out for the afternoon and possibly sacrifice the nap that usually isn’t as good. This will ensure Baby gets at least one good solid stretch of sleep during the day. Plan outings closer to home so that if Baby starts getting fussy, you can make it home rather quickly…and before Baby falls asleep in the car. "Ask just about any veteran mom and she’ll tell you that the car to crib transition doesn’t always go smoothly, so keep an interesting toy or book with Baby to keep them awake on the short ride home. "

Typically a consistently good napper will have at least one nap that is better than the other for instance Baby will sleep for a longer and more sound stretch in the morning than the afternoon.

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One of your first jobs as a new parent will be to feed your just-born baby. Yep, in that first hour that nurses call “the Golden hour” your hungry baby will want to root at your breast for their first meal—they instinctively know this is where to go for food! Research demonstrates breastfeeding/chestfeeding human milk—breastmilk—as absolutely the healthy best way to feed your little one. If you begin breastfeeding right after baby’s birth, you and your baby will have the greatest likelihood of sharing the special bond of nursing for as long as you both desire. Breastfeeding doesn’t always mean exclusively at the breast—many moms use breast pumps and bottle systems to ensure they have a way to maintain breastfeeding when they can’t be with baby, or if dad or a sibling want to take a turn feeding the newest family member. Nurses recognize that not all moms will choose to, or are able to, feed human milk to their little ones—and those reasons range from issues with employment to taking medications that aren’t safe for baby to receive in mom’s milk. Prepare Before Baby’s Birth Deciding how to feed your baby, whether nursing or bottle feeding or both, is a very personal choice. However, when to feed your baby breastmilk or fortified formula, and then solids, follows a typical pattern. Every baby is unique, and their feeding habits are too. If you’re going to feed your newborn infant formula, ask baby’s healthcare provider—likely a pediatrician or advanced practice nurse—what formula they would recommend you begin with baby at birth. During your hospital or birthing center stay, ask if there is a lactation specialist or consultant you can talk to if you’re interested in learning about baby’s feeding and fullness cues, for example. You may be surprised to learn that when you eat healthy and well, so does baby If abundant fiber makes you gassy, don’t be surprised when it does the same for your newborn.

Every baby is unique, and their feeding habits are too. If you’re going to feed your newborn infant formula, ask your healthcare provider

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IVF—also known as in vitro fertilization, is fertilization taking place outside a woman’s body under controlled laboratory conditions. A woman’s eggs are collected and fertilized by sperm. The fertilized eggs are then implanted into the woman’s uterus. IVF treatment is an option when natural conception isn’t possible. Infertility is a more common issue than we might think. On average, a healthy 30-year-old woman has around a 20% chance of conceiving each month. By the time she reaches 40 years of age, her chances have dropped to around 5%. Fertility for women decreases as they get older, because of changes in the menstrual cycles and the number and quality of her eggs. Older men do not produce sperm that are as healthy or mobile as younger men do. Most of us assume we’ll be able to conceive naturally and have children when we plan a pregnancy. But it’s not always as straightforward as this. Around one third of fertility issues are due to women, one third due to men, and the remainder due to a combination or unknown causes.

Fertility for women decreases as they get older, because of changes in the menstrual cycles and the number and quality of her eggs.

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The experience of ovulation pain can be quite different from woman to woman. Some women report a dull ache in their lower abdomen or pelvis that is like period pain. The aching ovulation pain can last for an hour or two, or in some cases, can drag out for up to two days. Other women report that they regularly experience one short, sharp, and intense pain midway through their cycle that lasts for just a few seconds. While ovulation pain is usually bearable,women who experience sharp pain which lasts for more than a few minutes have been known to mistake ovulation pain for appendicitis. Ovulation pain is an internal pain which typically occurs on either the left or the right side of the lower abdomen, inside the hip bone. Some women always experience ovulation pain on one side of their body typically the right side,while others experience the pain on one side or the other

Other women report that they regularly experience one short, sharp, and intense pain midway through their cycle that lasts for just a few seconds.

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What you will need will depend on how detailed a bath you want to give. Consider getting these things and having them close by to start: Washcloths. A commercial baby bathtub or a changing mat or other warm place to lay the baby, with a basin of water close by. You can also sit in a comfy chair with baby in your lap, with a basin of water close by. A room that is comfortably warm. A gentle baby cleanser made for a baby’s skin. Warm water that is around 98-100 degrees Fahrenheit. A towel for underneath the baby to protect yourself from water. A towel to cover the baby during the bath. A towel for drying your baby. A clean diaper and fresh clothes. Steps to give your newborn baby a sponge bath Now that you have everything close by, here’s how to give your newborn baby a bath Wash your hands. Lay your baby on their back. Undress baby, laying a washcloth over baby’s body to hold in warmth. Wipe baby’s face and ears with the clean washcloth with plain water. No cleanser needed here If your baby’s eyes have dried mucus or are sticky, wipe each eye with plain water from the inside corner to the outside, using a fresh part of the washcloth with each eye. Wash their neck, getting under the chin where milk or formula often drips. If cleanser is needed, use only a small amount, and rinse well with a second washcloth saturated with plain water. Dry each area as you go. Now wipe under each arm and each hand with a washcloth and dry. Get in the all the creases Don’t be surprised if their little hands stay tightly clenched. This is a natural reflex in newborns and young babies. Next, wash the chest and tummy, wiping gently the skin around the umbilical cord if it is still present. Pat dry. Now wash each leg and each foot. To wash the back, tip the baby to the side or lift them into a sitting position. These areas do not get very dirty unless it has been warm, and the baby has gotten sweaty. Pat dry. Finally, take off the diaper. Wash the bottom and the genitals well. For girls, wash from the front to back. Pat dry. For boys, clean well under the scrotum. Do not retract the foreskin. If the baby has been circumcised, keep the area clean as instructed by your healthcare provider You’re done! Lay your baby on a dry towel and pat dry. Place a clean diaper on your baby and dress them. Consider giving your baby a massage after the bath to further relax your little one. A bath and massage before bedtime are excellent components of a bedtime routine

A commercial baby bathtub or a changing mat or other warm place to lay the baby, with a basin of water close by.

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Make It Stop! “Our funniest moment happened with our now 6-year-old daughter. She was just a few weeks old when I was changing her diaper on the couch, with my husband complaining at me to not change her there in case she peed. Just after I took the wet diaper off and reached for a wipe, she shot poop out at me like a rocket. My husband quickly scooped her up off the couch, and while he had one hand behind her head/neck and one under her butt, she began peeing. All we could do was laugh as I was wiping the couch off, and there was also now a puddle of pee in his hand and on the floor. It was hilarious. In my defense she didn’t pee on the couch.” – Jennifer W. If There’s One Thing You Can Always Count On, It’s Poop “Towards the tail end of the diaper days, we would go without a change of diaper for quick trips out of the house, because a little pee for 15-20 mins is no big deal. Without fail, every single time, she would have to poop. And without fail, even though we’d make it to a potty, I would have to chuck the diaper and she’d have to finish the trip without a diaper.” – Kitty H. Little Girl, Big Diaper “One morning I changed my infant twin daughter’s diaper only to find out that I put her brother’s size 5 diaper on her in the middle of the night.” – Tracy M.

She was just a few weeks old when I was changing her diaper on the couch, with my husband complaining at me to not change her.

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Safe Bath Tips Never leave a child unattended in a bath. Always keep a hand on a baby. Don’t plan a bath if your baby is overtired. Bath water should be approximately 98-100 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid a room with drafts and if possible. Warm the room to a comfortable temperature. Prepare everything you will need in advance and place it within arm’s reach. Prepare an area to place your baby in as they come out from the bath. Have the towel ready. When washing, start with the cleanest and most delicate areas first, their eyes and face. A gentle wipe on the exterior of the ear is all that is necessary. Cotton swabs inside the ear should not be used. Always wash a girl’s genital area from front to back to prevent infection. Do not attempt to pull the foreskin back to clean underneath it if you are washing your baby boy. This will occur naturally over the first few years. If your son has recently been circumcised, avoid tub bathing until the wound has healed and your pediatric provider has given the OK. Consider a babymassage after bath for a nice bedtime routine. Have everything ready for your massage, like your baby lotion and mat, and make sure your baby does not become cold. Dim the lights and talk and sing to your baby. You will both be calm and relaxed when you are done.

Prepare everything you will need in advance and place it within arm’s reach.

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If you’re trying to get pregnant, getting as much information about your own ovulation cycle and identifying those critical fertile days can really help you pinpoint the most likely days for you to get pregnant. Unlike many techniques such as monitoring the post-ovulation rise in body temperature, using a fertility monitor can identify the critical two days in the lead-up to ovulation, maximizing your chance of getting pregnant. For many women, using a fertility monitor can make the process much more straightforward. The best time to have intercourse is in the 12 to 48 hours before ovulation occurs. This way, sperm have time to travel to the fallopian tubes to meet the egg when it is released from the ovary. What is a fertility monitor A fertility monitor is an electronic device that helps you to identify your fertile period. They are generally small, portable, and battery-operated gadgets which analyze the results of a fertility test. There are now dozens of different fertility monitors on the market and the different brands use a variety of methods to measure fertility. The simplest fertility monitors will show either a red or green light when analyzing a test stick used to measure hormones in urine. Other more complex fertility monitors record a series of measurements over time, either of urine test-sticks, temperature, or saliva. Then it highlights your most likely fertile period. The most common method used by fertility monitors is disposable test sticks which are dipped into urine to measure hormone levels, usually luteinizing hormone LH. Many fertility monitors use thermometers to identify the rise in body temperature that occurs a few hours after ovulation. Some fertility monitors measure hormone levels in saliva. This can be done by measuring ferning patterns, or even electrical resistance of saliva.

A fertility monitor is an electronic device that helps you to identify your fertile period.

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In recent years there has been a big increase in the numbers of twins being born. This is due to advancing maternal age, assisted reproduction technology, as well as the use of fertility drugs. Importantly, better neonatal care has meant that premature twins have a better chance of survival than ever before. There are two types of twins: identical or monozygotic one egg, and non-identical or dizygotic two eggs twins. Another name for identical twins are non-fraternal twins. Non-identical twins are sometimes called fraternal twins. It is thought that twin pregnancies are far more common than we are aware of—perhaps as many as 5% of all pregnancies at 12 weeks involve a twin, though not all will continue to develop as they need to in order to form two babies. Most commonly, this is thought to be due to a major interruption occurring with healthy cell maturation and division. Identical twins form when one egg has been fertilized by one sperm and the zygote splits into two. This happens at the very earliest stage of development when the zygote is no more than a cluster of a few cells. Dividing this early in conception means that each baby has exactly the same genetic information as the other. Identical twins can also occur when one a woman has undergone fertility assistance and has had one fertilized egg returned to her uterus. If this egg then splits into two, an identical twin pregnancy can result. Identical twins are not dependent on race, country, or ethnicity. The odds of having identical twins are the same for every couple, in every pregnancy, wherever they live in the world. Around one in every three sets of twins born is identical, and the remaining 2 of 3 are of the non-identical variety.

Identical twins form when one egg has been fertilized by one sperm and the zygote splits into two.

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Be a narrator. Throughout the day, explain to your baby what’s happening around her. You might tell your 3-month-old, "Mommy is fixing your bottle. You are ready to eat. Here is your bottle, " says Monica Bein, a speech-language pathologist in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He may not understand now, "but eventually, a child will pair the word ‘bottle’ with the object and the fact he’s getting ready to eat". Talk back. "The best way to encourage language is to reinforce babies’ attempts to communicate from the very beginning," says Bein. "Once babies learn that communication gets their needs and wants met, they attempt to communicate more and talk back. " For instance, if your baby babbles when you greet her in the morning, you might respond, "Good morning to you too! Ready to get out of your crib?" And when she coos back, you can say, "Okay, let’s go," as you pick her up. Listen Up. "We get so good at interpreting our babies’ nonverbal signals that they don’t have to speak verbally to get their needs and wants met, " says Bein. So give your baby a chance to use her own voice to ask for things. This goes for toddlers, too, says Bein: "Pause when you know she wants something, and pay close attention to her as she tries. " Then repeat what she says back to her, using the correct words: "Orange juice? Do you want orange juice? Here is your juice."

The best way to encourage language is to reinforce babies’ attempts to communicate from the very beginning

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Most parents agree that a well-planned changing area makes diapering quicker and easier. Keep essential supplies close at hand yet out of baby's reach on nearby shelves. Essential supplies include: diapers in baby’s appropriate size, baby wipes and skin protective ointment or diaper rash cream. Since a preoccupied baby is less likely to wiggle and squirm, give him something to look at while being changed, such as an unbreakable mirror or a colorful picture hanging nearby. Later on, when baby is able to grasp objects, keep favorite toys or a soft-sided picture book close at hand. Research has shown that a diaper change can be stressful for babies. Ensuring gentle touch, use of soft voice and careful movements while changing a diaper can help promote comfort and foster an environment of emotional connection with baby. Step 1- Change the Diaper Gently lay your baby down on a flat, firm surface. Be aware that even a tiny newborn infant can roll off a changing table. It’s vital to either use a changing table with a strap or to keep one hand on your baby at all times. Unfasten the wet or soiled diaper and hold both your baby's legs up by carefully grasping both ankles with one hand. Remove the diaper and gently and thoroughly clean baby's bottom in and around all the creases with wipes properly formulated for baby skin. Always be sure to wipe baby's bottom from front to back. Cleaning baby skin at every diaper change can help keep skin clean and healthy.

Research has shown that a diaper change can be stressful for babies.

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It's very common for a baby's beautiful, smooth skin to develop bumps and pimples and other rashes. These little blemishes, including baby acne, can pop up at any time from birth to a few weeks after they are born. Baby acne is nothing to worry about and it will resolve on its own. What does baby acne look like? Baby acne can appear as small bumps most often on your newborn's forehead, cheeks, and chin. These bumps can be red, light pink, or the same color as the baby’s skin. Sometimes patches of acne can develop on the back of the neck or the shoulders. It may seem worse in certain situations, such as in warmer temperatures and during crying episodes. How can I treat baby acne Treatment is usually not required. Baby acne should not cause any itching or discomfort to your child. It's best to just leave the area alone, as using lotions and ointments can aggravate the condition. Here are a few tips to treat baby acne: Gently cleanse the area once a day with a soft cloth and warm water or gentle hypoallergenic baby wipes that contain no soap. Pat dry and avoid rubbing. Do not pop, pinch, or pick at the pimples. If your baby is scratching their face, try soft, cotton mittens on their hands at night. Acne cream or medicine developed for adults should not be used. Avoid oily skin care products on the affected areas.

Treatment is usually not required. Baby acne should not cause any itching or discomfort to your child.

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Watch for baby’s cues that they’re getting sleepy: Notice if baby is rubbing her eyes, yawning, or getting fussy. Start your routine before your baby is overtired, which can make settling and falling asleep more difficult. Plan to start your bedtime routine 30 minutes to 1 hour before bedtime. Dim lights, slow activities, and reduce noise and stress; keep baby’s bedroom fairly dark at bedtime. If baby likes baths, consider a warm soak or just gently wash their face and put them to sleep in cozy pajamas, blanket sleeper and wrap in a swaddle blanket. Feed baby but never let baby take a bottle of breastmilk or infant formula to bed. Offer and encourage a pacifier; experts at the American Academy of Pediatrics advise using a pacifier to help baby settle and reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Swaddle the baby either with a thin blanket or put them into a commercial sleep sack. Stop swaddling once baby shows signs of wanting to roll over. Sing or quietly talk to your baby while preparing for bedtime. Play soft music, read a book, or sing some songs and lullabies together. Use a fan or other rhythmic/white noise in baby’s room. Make sure the room is comfortably cool, but not cold. Finally, lay baby in their crib or bassinet when he is nice and drowsy but not yet asleep. At 4 months of age, start to lay your baby down to sleep before they’ve fallen asleep. They will likely be used to falling asleep in your arms, while being rocked, or breastfed, and may have trouble going to sleep without these activities.Maintain the same routine each night; be as stress-free and quiet as possible; eventually your baby will fall asleep on their own without your help. If baby cries when placed in the crib, quietly soothe and pat them with your hand, but do not take them out of the crib. Leave the room, wait a few minutes, then return to reassure with patting and calm, reassuring words. Say goodnight and leave again. Return to the room as needed so they know you are close, but that it is bedtime. For night awakenings that are light and probably not due to hunger after the first few months, wait a few moments to see if your baby will fall back asleep on their own. If not, follow the same pattern of offering quiet reassurance.

Swaddle the baby either with a thin blanket or put them into a commercial sleep sack.

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One of the first questions a newly pregnant mother often asks is, Am I having twins? And until it is confirmed that only one embryo is present, there is always the potential for multiple babies to have been conceived. The most accurate way to confirm twin pregnancy is by ultrasound, by as early as six to seven weeks. Some women will experience twin pregnancy symptoms shortly after conception. A very high, early human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) reading can raise suspicion there may be a twin pregnancy. For women who have a family history of twins, who have previously conceived with twins or had fertility assistance, the likelihood of having twins is higher. Some types of fertility assisted conception increase the likelihood of having a multiple birth. This is generally discussed early on as a risk factor during a pre-conception assessment and fertility treatment. Some women view the thought of having twins as being an absolute joy, others less favorably. Your own perception will be influenced by personal experiences, history and support systems. For women who have been informed of the risk, or who have a history of twins in "their biological family, their own twin pregnancy confirmed may not be such a surprise. Denial, shock, feeling numb, feeling excited and even angry are common emotions in the early days of having a twin pregnancy diagnosis."

A very high, early human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) reading can raise suspicion there may be a twin pregnancy. For women who have a family history of twins, who have previously conceived with twins

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Forming Good Sleep Habits Early – Learning to Self-Soothe Pediatric healthcare providers generally agree on two important sleep goals for your baby at this age: First, your baby needs to learn to fall asleep by himself and secondly, he needs to learn to go back to sleep on his own when he awakens. Learning to go to sleep without help is called “self-soothing” and while this might sound cruel or heartless, be assured, it is not. Learning to sleep independently is an important developmental milestone. Other examples of self-soothing behaviors are finger sucking, pacifier sucking, cooing, rocking, and babbling. Babies rouse frequently in the night because their sleep cycle is short, particularly in the light sleep phase. What this means is, babies often will awaken for no apparent reason (like hunger) and can learn to go back to sleep on their own. Helping baby fall asleep on their own and then go back to sleep when they lightly awaken, lays the foundation for consistent good sleep – not only for your infant, but for you and your entire family. Of course, for many families, this is easier said than done and once a baby has gotten used to falling asleep a certain way – such as while breastfeeding or being rocked – it can be a hard (but not impossible) habit to break. For struggling families, sleep training is often recommended by pediatric healthcare providers as a way to address sleep issues by breaking old habits and forming new ones. While breaking old habits is never easy, you can rest in knowing that much research has been done and results have shown safe sleep training methods are effective although typically only in the short term because baby’s sleep evolves as he grows.

For struggling families, sleep training is often recommended by pediatric healthcare providers as a way to address sleep issues by breaking old habits and forming new ones.

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Babies can arrive with bumps on their skin at birth and milia is one such bump These harmless tiny blemishes will resolve on their own with no help needed from us. The more you know about your baby’s sensitive skin, and what to expect, the more confident you will feel when caring for them. What does milia look like? Milia, sometimes called “milk spots,” looks like tiny white or yellowish bumps, often found in little patches or individually. They are found mostly on the face, typically on the nose, chin, forehead, or cheeks of about 40% of newborns What causes milia? Milia comes in a white and yellow variety and are thought to be caused by different reasons. The white bumps are thought to be from keratin a protein in the skin filled epithelial cysts. The yellow variety, most often seen on the nose, are thought to be due to immature sebaceous glands in the skin and mom’s hormones. These little bumps can look quite similar and are harmless Just like with newborn rash, and newborn acne, these are harmless blemishes and will resolve on their own without any help needed from us They do not itch or cause pain. Here are some good basic skin care tips for your baby’s sensitive skin: Wash your newborn’s face every day with warm water on a soft washcloth and pat dry. Do not use lotions or ointments meant for adults Don’t try to pick, pop, or rub exfoliate the little bumps – your baby’s own body will take care of them

Milia comes in a white and yellow variety and are thought to be caused by different reasons.

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It used to be that twin pregnancy losses went undetected, in the days before early ultrasounds. This phenomena was formally recognized and named in the mid-forties as Vanishing Twin Syndrome. Many women prior to this must have been aware they were pregnant with twins but had miscarried one of them early in the pregnancy. Sometimes this became obvious when the placenta was examined after "birth and the midwife or obstetrician told the mother about the other baby which did not develop."

It used to be that twin pregnancy losses went undetected, in the days before early ultrasounds.

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If you are a twin or have twin siblings, then your concept of the reality is likely to be very different from someone who’s never had anything to do with more than one baby at a time. Are twins common? Many reproductive experts believe that as humans we probably have more twin pregnancies than any of us are aware of. Technological advances have found that it is reasonably common for there to be more than one embryo conceived and implanted, but of these, only one is viable and survives. How do twins happen? If you are eager to increase your chances of conceiving two babies, then it’s important to understand how twins are made. There are two types of twins: identical and non-identical. Identical or monozygotic twins are formed when one egg is fertilized by one sperm which then divides into two separate embryos. Each share identical genetic components and identical genetic structures. Identical twins also share a placenta. Non-identical or dizygotic twins form from two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm. These twins are their own unique little individuals and share no more genetic composition than siblings with the same parents. Each baby in a non-identical twin pair will have its own placenta. Another name for non-identical twins is fraternal; the other name for identical twins is non-fraternal

If you are eager to increase your chances of conceiving two babies, then it’s important to understand how twins are made.

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All women, whether they're pregnant or not, have some vaginal discharge after puberty. This becomes less or more depending on the monthly cycle. Normal vaginal discharge resembles clear mucus. It originates in your cervix and its purpose is to keep your vagina clean and protect it from infection. Healthy vaginal discharge has a mild and non-offensive smell. "Discharge during pregnancy is mostly harmless— there just tends to be more of it. Knowing what to look out for and being able to identify any changes is an important, safe practice for every woman."

Discharge during pregnancy is mostly harmless— there just tends to be more of it. Knowing what to look out for and being able to identify any changes is an important, safe practice for every woman.

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One of the signs your baby is in good health is their growth. How your baby grows, both in height and weight, are important indicators of overall health. That’s why when your baby is young, they are weighed quite often. Poor growth can sometimes be one of the signs your baby is sick. Poor nourishment has implications for future health. But a healthy weight gain is a good sign: a baby who is growing well is probably healthy. Later, because babies’ and toddlers’ growth tend to slow down, frequent weighing like they did early on isn’t needed. However, weight and height are usually taken each time you bring your child for well-baby or other doctor or nurse practitioner visits. The average full term baby weighs 7.5 pounds. Around 95% of babies weigh between 5.5 pounds and 9.5 pounds. Many healthy babies weigh less or more than this without there being a problem. Babies often lose weight in the first days after birth, with 7% to 10% being considered normal, and a bit more if baby was born by Cesarean surgery. You can expect your baby to regain their birthweight by about 2 weeks. Babies gain weight irregularly. This is especially the case with breastfed babies. Over time, the weight gain will probably average out to something like 5 to 7 ounces a week, usually slowing after the age of 3 months, and slowing again after 6 months. Of course, there will be times when your baby will have rapid growth spurts and put on more weight than usual.

The average full term baby weighs 7.5 pounds. Around 95% of babies weigh between 5.5 pounds and 9.5 pounds.

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Toddlers are often very busy little people. They sometimes get frustrated because there’s so much they want to do but can’t always do it. Massage is a great way to help your toddler slow down, relax, and let go of any pent-up feelings of frustration. Massage also supports brain and body coordination and assists with self-regulation of mood and stress, both of which are helpful for the toddler journey. The wonderful thing about baby massage is that the techniques can be adapted as your child grows. If your toddler has been receiving massages from you regularly, they may be happy to just lie down and continue to be still and focused as they always have or they may be wanting more input into what happens. Either way is absolutely fine! Stay with the principles of mutual respect and love, and adapt to the circumstances as they present themselves. Your toddler may be toilet training by now and may be managing their own slip-on or pull-up diaper or underwear. If this is important to them, let them choose whether these or other clothes are on or off while receiving a massage.

The wonderful thing about baby massage is that the techniques can be adapted as your child grows.

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This intake provides a solid nutritional basis for health and conception. A good preconception diet is one that is within the healthy range of vitamin C, zinc, and folic acid particularly for women; for example, red capsicum, colored berries and guava are all very rich in vitamin C nuts and seeds are high in zinc; and grains are good sources of folic acid. Folic acid supplements are recommended for women one month before conception and within the first three months of pregnancy. Restrictive diets have been shown to have a negative effect on female hormone levels and can affect couples trying to get pregnant, so avoid extreme dieting. Both men and women should avoid over-eating sugar, especially added sugars, as this can interfere with hormone levels and insulin function.

Both men and women should avoid over-eating sugar, especially added sugars, as this can interfere with hormone levels and insulin function.

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The experience of ovulation pain can be quite different from woman to woman. Some women report a dull ache in their lower abdomen or pelvis that is like period pain. Even if twins don’t run in your family, you could still have them! It’s estimated that as many as 5% of all pregnancies involve a twin at 12 weeks of gestation, but unfortunately, not all of these progress to term. It’s important to remember that every pregnancy is unique. Even when a woman has had a twin pregnancy before, the next one may be very different. Something they will all share is a sense of anticipation and perhaps some worry for themselves and their twins. Common twin pregnancy symptoms Here are a few of the most common twin pregnancy symptoms: Earlier pregnancy symptoms. This is due to the high levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin hCG hormone, which is responsible for many early pregnancy symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Running to the toilet to urinate more often. This is because of the weight of the uterus sitting on top of the bladder. Until it lifts higher into the pelvis, the full uterus doesn’t leave much room for urine volume to collect before the bladder needs to be emptied. Lots of fetal movements, including early “quickening” and fluttering; perhaps even earlier than 15 weeks. Showing earlier than normal. Mothers who are pregnant with twins tend to look pregnant earlier than those who are carrying one baby. Later in the pregnancy, the mother can experience respiratory symptoms, such as not breathing as easily. This is because the twins have grown so much that they start to occupy the space in which her lungs would normally expand. Varicose veins, hemorrhoids, aching legs, fluid retention and difficulty walking.

Even if twins don’t run in your family, you could still have them! It’s estimated that as many as 5% of all pregnancies involve a twin at

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When you look at the many factors which are important for a successful conception, it's a wonder human are able to reproduce at all. Male and female fertility both rely on a delicate balance of hormones. These can be influenced by environmental factors ranging from the food we eat to toxins in the environment, age, stress and other emotions, illness, physical activity even the temperature. One of the key factors which women can do to increase fertility is to be aware of their usual cycle and the influence of external factors. For men, an understanding of their own fertility and steps to better sperm health are also a critical component of increasing a couple's fertility. So, can fertility be increased? If so, what can you do to increase your fertility? The 3-month lag in increasing male fertility Sperm takes around 3months to develop in the testes before traveling through the epididymis, where it matures over 2 to 10 days. During ejaculation, sperm are transported to the urethra where they combine with seminal fluid from seminal vesicles, the prostate, and Cowper's glands. Activities and environmental influences during this window of time can affect the quality of sperm produced over the next 3 months.

One of the key factors which women can do to increase fertility is to be aware of their usual cycle and the influence of external factors.

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There is no one right way to respond to the news of having twins and it can take time to process this news. Therefore, it helps to just aim for an easy life for the first few weeks after having a twin pregnancy confirmed and to avoid being so busy that you don’t have a chance to process the reality. Because although every woman has some chance of conceiving with twins, finding this out for sure is another thing entirely. Whether pregnant with one or more babies, some couples choose not to share their news of a positive pregnancy until after the first trimester has passed. By then, the high risk of miscarriage is reducing and the chances of continuing to term are increasing. Since most women have a first trimester ultrasound, it’s uncommon these days to not have a twin pregnancy diagnosed until into the second trimester. But sometimes it can be very clear from the earliest days of having a pregnancy confirmed that twins may be present. Early pregnancy symptoms can be so exaggerated and severe that this is enough reason to warrant having a first trimester ultrasound when two little embryos can be seen.

There is no one right way to respond to the news of having twins and it can take time to process this news.

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The phenomenon of ovulation temperature has been a fairly reliable and low-tech method for women to chart their normal ovulation cycle since early in the last century. These days, you can purchase easy-to-use hormone test kits which give a definite indicator of ovulation. However, the cost of the test kits can add up, particularly if you are using them over a number of months. If you are on a tight budget and you are just trying to get an indication of your normal ovulation rhythm, charting your ovulation temperature by hand can give you a good indication of when ovulation has occurred. From adolescence until menopause, most women will experience a rise in their resting body temperature immediately after ovulation, which will remain at that level for the rest of the month. Immediately after the egg has been released from the ovary,the empty follicle starts to produce a number of hormones designed to prepare your body for a possible pregnancy. One of these hormones, progesterone, causes your basal body temperature to rise. Towards the end of the regular cycle,your progesterone levels start to fall again, triggering menstruation.

From adolescence until menopause, most women will experience a rise in their resting body temperature immediately after ovulation,

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Every woman is an individual and unique. Genetics, gender, age, environment,diet, exercise, occupation, lifestyle factors and metabolism all play a role in what any of us weigh and how much weight we gain or lose over our lifetimes. Most women who are within an average height and weight range at the start of their pregnancy can expect to gain between 25 to 30 pounds over the full 40 weeks of gestation. This can be more in cases of multiple pregnancy or if there are pregnancy complications. Most pregnant women have a very small weight gain within their first trimester, and some will even lose weight. Nausea , combined with changes in a normal eating pattern, can mean a weight loss of up to a couple of pounds. "However, during the Second and third trimesters , most women regain what they may have lost and gradually start to gain more."

during the Second and third trimesters , most women regain what they may have lost and gradually start to gain more

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One way to increase your chances of getting pregnant is to know which days you’re ovulating. In the days leading up to ovulation, you’re the most fertile, and therefore most likely to get pregnant. Generally, ovulation occurs on day 14 of your cycle if day 1 is the first day after your period. You are most fertile usually around five days before ovulation until 48 hours after ovulation. If you track your cycle and know your ovulation days, you might have a good chance at pinpointing when you are most fertile. In order to use an ovulation calculator like UByKotex Period & Ovulation Calculator, you need to know a few key things like the first day of your last period, your cycle length and the luteal phase. First day of last period: Knowing the first day of your last period can help you identify where you are in your cycle. Cycle length: Knowing your cycle length will also help identify where you are in your cycle. The average cycle is 28 days, but each woman is different—and often, women have irregular cycles. Luteal phase: The luteal phase is also helpful to know. It is the length of time between ovulation and menstruation. The average luteal phase is 14 days, but it can vary from woman to woman and be irregular, like a cycle

You are most fertile usually around five days before ovulation until 48 hours after ovulation.

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You think you ovulated—what now? The time between ovulation and taking a pregnancy test (or getting your period) can be agonizing, particularly if you have been trying to get pregnant for a while. In the average 28-day cycle, menstruation occurs on Day 1 and ovulation occurs after this at around Day 14. Many women get confused by the Day 14 terminology and assume that ovulation occurs 14 days after menstruation has ended assuming an average 5 days of menstruation. It is more likely that it happens around 9 days after menstruation is over. However, very few women have an average cycle. "The time after ovulation is known as the luteal phase and is the longest-lasting phase of the menstrual cycle."

The time after ovulation is known as the luteal phase and is the longest-lasting phase of the menstrual cycle

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You’ve probably heard of intense cravings pregnant women can have, like pickles and ice cream. And while cravings do happen, what’s most important in your pregnancy diet is making sure you have enough of the right nutrients and portions to ensure both you and baby are healthy throughout pregnancy. Here’s what to eat during pregnancy, "including which foods to eat, what not to eat during pregnancy, and even a few healthy recipes to get you started."

what’s most important in your pregnancy diet is making sure you have enough of the right nutrients and portions to ensure both you and baby are healthy throughout pregnancy

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When babies begin to self-feed, whether with finger foods or learning to eat with a spoon, it can be a very messy time! Babies drop their spoons constantly or purposely throw them down. Babies miss their mouth and accidentally get food all over themselves, the chair, and the floor. It’s natural, of course; learning to eat on your own can be tough It’s also tough on our floors and particularly difficult when you have carpet.As parents, how can we let our babies go through this phase of learning to self-feed, and yet keep our floors clean? Our dining area is carpeted. Even worse, it’s that cream-color carpet. I have nightmares about baby boy eating spaghetti on his own. But, I realize that I have to let him try because otherwise he’ll never learn to eat by himself. This means I have to let him try all kinds of food, not just finger foods. We began with him trying to eat simple finger foods that wouldn’t make too much of a mess: cheese, crackers, cut-up chicken, and other foods that he could easily pick up with his fingers or a fork. The problem was that whenever we fed him rice, spaghetti, soup, or other more messy foods, he also wanted to dig into the bowl. Realizing that we couldn’t avoid the issue much longer and that it was good and necessary for him to try to feed himself the messier foods, we had to figure something out. My husband found a no-longer-in-use plastic office floor mat at his job that they let him bring home. We put the floor mat underneath one of our dining chairs and that is our baby boy’s designated chair. The floor mat covers a wide area, which is perfect. Baby boy can now eat finger foods or with a spoon without us having to worry so much. When food now falls on the floor, we simply wipe it up! Our carpet is clean and baby boy is happy feeling more like a big boy eating by himself.

we simply wipe it up! Our carpet is clean and baby boy is happy feeling more like a big boy eating by himself.

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There are 3 main types of ovulation predictors. There are two types of tests that are used at home. The most common and easiest to use is a urine test called an ovulation prediction kit OPK, while the second type, a saliva ovulation test, uses a special microscope to detect a hormonal change in saliva. The third type of ovulation predictor is a series of blood tests, which you may decide to arrange through your doctor if you are having trouble identifying your fertile period. Just before ovulation occurs, there is a significant rise in the level of certain hormones, including estrogen and luteinizing hormone LH. The advantage that an ovulation predictor test has over some of the other methods of measuring ovulation is that it can detect the rise in hormones that occur in the lead up to ovulation. Using the rise in your basal body temperature that occurs after ovulation as a measure of ovulation will only give you information after you have ovulated.Little of your body’s fertile time remains after ovulation. The ovulation temperature technique is only useful if you are trying to chart a pattern of ovulation over a number of months. However, an ovulation predictor will often give a result between one and two days before ovulation, so theoretically, you are able to ensure that intercourse occurs at your most fertile time.

The third type of ovulation predictor is a series of blood tests, which you may decide to arrange through

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Tests for hCG are extremely sensitive, and only the smallest concentration of hCG can lead to a pregnancy diagnosis. In a twin pregnancy there are elevated levels of hCG, making it possible to have a very early positive result. However, home pregnancy tests won’t confirm if twins are present, only the presence of hCG. It takes around 2 weeks after conception for hCG to be detected in a hCG pregnancy test. Low levels of hCG may be detected in a woman’s blood 8 to 11 days after conception. Sometimes with multiples, there is a higher, early trend in hCG levels. Twin and multiple pregnancies may also have 30 to 50% higher hCG levels than for one baby. Measuring hCG levels for twins cannot confirm the presence of twins. It’s only when twins are seen on ultrasound that they can be accurately diagnosed. When a mother is carrying a twin pregnancy, she generally has higher hCG levels than a woman who is pregnant with one baby. But this is not a guarantee as hCG levels vary between individual women. What might be considered high in one woman can be within a normal range for another. hCG levels tend to peak towards the end of the first trimester, before gradually declining over the rest of the pregnancy. hCG levels can also vary at different times of the day and from week to week. Remember, it is the pattern of hCG measurements which is important, not one single result.

Measuring hCG levels for twins cannot confirm the presence of twins. It’s only when twins are seen on ultrasound that is accurately diagnosed

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Ovulation symptoms can be quite subtle. They involve your body’s normal response to the natural changes in hormones that occur at different stages of the ovulation cycle. These symptoms often happen before ovulation and give you some really good hints that you are in your most fertile period, in the 4 or 5 days in the lead-up to ovulation. But remember, every woman is different.Her most fertile time will depend on her own individual cycle. Some common ovulation symptoms are: Increased libido (sexual desire). Change in cervical mucus. Change in the position and firmness of cervix. Tender breasts. Heightened senses of smell and taste. Ovarian or pelvic pain (Mittelschmerz). Rise in basal body temperature. Don’t forget that any form of birth control using synthetic hormones such as the oral contraceptive the pill, implants, or injections will suppress normal ovulation symptoms and other signs of the different stages in your menstrual cycle.

Change in cervical mucus, Change in the position and firmness of cervix are some symptoms

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The most accurate way to confirm twin pregnancy is by ultrasound, by as early as six to seven weeks. Some women will experience twin pregnancy symptoms shortly after conception. A very high, early human chorionic gonadotropin hormone hCG reading can raise suspicion there may be a twin pregnancy. For women who have a family history of twins, who have previously conceived with twins or had fertility assistance, the likelihood of having twins is higher. Some types of fertility assisted conception increase the likelihood of having a multiple birth. This is generally discussed early on as a risk factor during a pre-conception assessment and fertility treatment. Some women view the thought of having twins as being an absolute joy, others less favorably. Your own perception will be influenced by personal experiences, history and support systems. For women who have been informed of the risk, or who have a history of twins in their biological family, their own twin pregnancy confirmed may not be such a surprise. Denial, shock, feeling numb, feeling excited and even angry are common emotions in the early days of having a twin pregnancy diagnosis.

This is generally discussed early on as a risk factor during a pre-conception assessment and fertility treatment.

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