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3,300 | ountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were six outstanding recommendations. The Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), the central bank of the United States, is charged with conducting the nation’s monetary policy. Through its supervisory and regulatory banking functions, the Federal Reserve maintains the safety and soundness of the nation’s financial sy |
3,301 | stem. The Federal Reserve also maintains the stability of the financial system and provides services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. A full term is 14 years. A member who serves a full term may not be reappointed. The chairman and the vice chairman of the board are designated by the President from among the members and are c |
3,302 | onfirmed by the Senate. They serve a term of 4 years. A member’s term on the board is not affected by his or her status as chairman or vice chairman. The Committee on Board Affairs combines functions of finance, budget, performance review, and operations. Regulations are assigned to the committees on Supervisory and Regulatory Affairs and Consumer and Community Affairs. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to t |
3,303 | heir entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 16 outstanding recommendations. The Broadcasting Board of Governors oversees all U.S. government and government-sponsored, nonmilitary, international broadcasting. These functions are carried out by the individual BBG international broadcasters: the Voice of America, Alhurra, Radio Sawa, Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio |
3,304 | Free Asia, and Radio and TV Marti, with the assistance of the International Broadcasting Bureau. The board has nine members, eight appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and the Secretary of State. The President appoints one member as chairman subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. No more than four members, excluding the Secretary of State, may be of the same political party. Members serve 3 years, excepting the Secretary of State, and receive compensation for time spent on BBG m |
3,305 | atters at the Level IV rate of the Executive Schedule. The Secretary of State does not receive any compensation for service to the board. All members are eligible for expense related to travel. Voice of America; International Broadcasting Bureau; Office of Cuba Broadcasting; Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty; Radio Free Asia; Middle East (MBN); Personnel; and Language Service Review. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability s |
3,306 | tatutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission protects market users and the public from fraud, manipulation, and abusive practices related to the sale of commodity futures and options, and fosters open, competitive, and financially sound futures and option markets. The President appoints, and the Sena |
3,307 | te confirms, five commissioners with demonstrated knowledge in futures trading or its regulation, or the production, merchandising, processing, or distribution of one or more of the commodities or other goods and articles, services, rights, and interests covered by 7 U.S.C. Chapter 1. No more than three commissioners can be of the same political party, and one commissioner is appointed as the chairman by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Commissioners serve 5-year terms and ge |
3,308 | nerally serve until their successor is appointed and qualified. The chairman serves at the pleasure of the President. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There was one outstanding recommendation. The Consumer Product Safety Commission protects the p |
3,309 | ublic against unreasonable risks of injury from consumer products; assists consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products; develops uniform safety standards for consumer products and minimizes conflicting state and local regulations; and promotes research and investigation into the causes and prevention of product-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries. There are five commissioners, who are appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. Commission members can be |
3,310 | removed by the President for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, but for no other reason. Commissioners are appointed to 7-year terms, with any vacancies filled for the remainder of the term. No more than three members may be of the same political party. The chairman is appointed by the President from among the members of the commission and confirmed by the Senate. The commission elects a vice chairman annually to act in the absence or disability of the chairman or in the case of a vacancy in the off |
3,311 | ice of the chairman. The chairman, subject to commission approval, appoints the various officers for the commission’s operations. At least 30 days before the beginning of each fiscal year, the commission must establish an agenda for commission action. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicabi |
3,312 | lity of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting is a steward of the federal government’s investment in public broadcasting. It helps support the operations of more than 1,000 locally owned and operated public television and radio stations nationwide and is a source of funding for research, technology, and program development for public radio, television, and related on-line services. The CPB board has nine members, appointed by the Pr |
3,313 | esident with advice and consent of the Senate to terms of 6 years. No more than five may be members of the same political party. Annually, the board elects a chairman from its members as well as one or more vice chairmen. The board also selects the president of the corporation and appoints other corporate officers. A member whose term has expired may serve until his successor has taken office or until the end of the calendar year, whichever comes first. No member may serve in excess of two consecutive terms |
3,314 | . The members of the board are not considered officers or employees of the United States. Members receive $150 per day for meetings and board work, including travel time and are reimbursed for actual, reasonable, and necessary expenses. No member may receive compensation of more than $10,000 in any fiscal year. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the ge |
3,315 | neral counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were six outstanding recommendations. The Denali Commission is a federal-state partnership designed to provide critical utilities, infrastructure, and economic support throughout Alaska. There are seven board members including the federal cochair. Six of the seven positions are statutorily defined as the Governor of the State of Alaska, who serves as the state cochair; the President of the University of |
3,316 | Alaska; the President of the Alaska Municipal League; the President of the Alaska Federation of Natives; the Executive President of the Alaska State AFL/CIO; and the President of the Associated General Contractors of Alaska. The Secretary of Commerce appoints the federal cochair from a list of nominations from the President pro temporare of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The federal cochair serves for 4 years and may be reappointed. Except for the federal cochair, members recei |
3,317 | ve a basic rate of pay at Level IV of the Executive Schedule plus travel expenses for time spent on commission work. The commission must meet at least twice a year. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 27 outstanding recommendations as of |
3,318 | March 31, 2008. The EAC, established by the Help America Vote Act of 2002, serves as a national clearinghouse and resource for information and review of procedures with respect to the administration of federal elections. The commission has four members appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The commission selects the chair and vice chair, who may not be from the same political party, from among its members. The chair and vice chair each serve 1-year terms and may only serve in |
3,319 | that position once during each term of office. Members serve for 4 years and may only serve two terms. Each member is compensated at the annual rate of basic pay for Level IV of the Executive Schedule. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were |
3,320 | 41 recommendations outstanding. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces laws that prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age in hiring, promoting, firing, setting wages, testing, training, and all other terms and conditions of employment. The commission has five members, no more than three of whom may be from the same political party. They are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The President also designate |
3,321 | s two of the members to be the chairman and vice chairman. The chairman runs the commission’s operations. Members serve for 5 years. None. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 12 recommendations outstanding. The Farm Credit Administration |
3,322 | is responsible for ensuring the safe and sound operation of the banks, associations, affiliated service organizations, and other entities that collectively comprise what is known as the Farm Credit System, and for protecting the interests of the public and those who borrow from Farm Credit institutions or invest in Farm Credit securities. The FCA board has three members appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. One member is designated by the President as the chairman and also se |
3,323 | rves as the CEO. Members serve for 6 years and may not be reappointed unless they were appointed to fill unexpired terms of 3 years or less. (1) GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were three outstanding recommendations. The Federal Communicat |
3,324 | ions Commission regulates interstate and foreign commerce in communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. It is responsible for the provision of rapid, efficient nationwide and worldwide communication services at reasonable rates. Its responsibilities also include the use of communications for promoting safety of life and property and for strengthening the national defense. Five commissioners are appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate for a term of 5 years. |
3,325 | The President designates one commissioner to be chairman. Commissioners receive an annual rate of pay at Level IV of the Executive Schedule, with the chairman receiving Level III. The commission has the authority to appoint the officers and staff of the FCC and determine their compensation. Meetings of the commission must be held no less than once a month. No data. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their |
3,326 | entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The FEC ensures the campaign finance process is fully disclosed and that laws regarding campaign finance are enforced. It also enforces the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) and oversees the Presidential public funding program. The commission is made up of six members, who are appointed by the President and c |
3,327 | onfirmed by the Senate. Each member serves a single, 6- year term. By law, no more than three commissioners can be members of the same political party, and at least four votes are required for any official commission action. A new chairman is chosen each year from among the members, with no member serving as chairman more than once during his or her term. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. Th |
3,328 | e table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 51 outstanding recommendations. The Federal Housing Finance Board ensures the safety and soundness of the Federal Home Loan Banks, their access to the capital markets, and the fulfillment of their housing finance mission. Under the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) of 2008 (Pub. L. No. 110-289, 122 Stat. 2654 (July 30, 2008)), the FHFB will cease |
3,329 | to exist 1 year after the effective date of HERA, or July 30, 2009, to be replaced by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). HERA also amended the IG Act to require that the FHFA have an IG appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The board is comprised of four members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, who serve a 7-year term, and the Secretary of HUD. The President designates one of the board members as chairman. No more than three may be of the same political party |
3,330 | and terms are staggered to end every other year. Members filling a vacancy serve only the remainder of the predecessor’s term. None. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The Federal Labor Relations Authorit |
3,331 | y oversees the federal service labor- management relations program. It administers the law that protects the right of employees of the federal government to organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations of their own choosing in decisions affecting them. The authority also ensures compliance with the statutory rights and obligations of federal employees and the labor organizations that represent them in their dealings with federal agencies. The authority is comprised of three bo |
3,332 | ard members who are appointed to 5-year terms by the President and confirmed by the Senate. No more than two may be from the same political party. The President designates one member to be chairman, who acts as chief executive and administrative officer of the authority. The chairman is compensated at Level III of the Executive Schedule and the other members are compensated at Level IV. None. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accou |
3,333 | ntability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 179 outstanding recommendations. The Federal Maritime Commission is responsible for regulating the waterborne foreign commerce of the United States. It ensures that U.S. ocean-borne trades are open to all on fair and equitable terms and protects against concerted activities and unlawful practices. The commission is c |
3,334 | omprised of five commissioners, who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate to 5-year terms. The President designates one of the commissioners as chairman. No more than three may be members of the same political party. The chairman is the chief executive and administrative officer for the commission. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response o |
3,335 | f the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The Federal Trade Commission enforces the laws that prohibit business practices that are deceptive or unfair to consumers; promotes informed consumer choice and public understanding of the competitive process; and seeks to accomplish its mission without impeding legitimate business activity. The commission is comprised of five commissioners, nominated by the |
3,336 | President and confirmed by the Senate, each serving a 7-year term. The President chooses one commissioner to act as chairman. No more than three commissioners can be of the same political party. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were three o |
3,337 | utstanding recommendations. The Legal Services Corporation’s mission is to promote equal access to justice and to provide high-quality civil legal assistance to low-income persons. The board has 11 members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for 3-year terms. The board elects a chairman annually from among its members and appoints the president of the corporation. The board must meet at least four times per year. Audit; Finance; Governance and Performance Review; Operations and Regulation |
3,338 | s; Provision for the Delivery of Legal Services. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The National Archives and Records Administration safeguards and preserves the records of our government, ensuring that th |
3,339 | e people can discover, use, and learn from this documentary heritage; establishes policies and procedures for managing U.S. government records; manages the Presidential Libraries system; and publishes the laws, regulations, and presidential and other public documents. The Archivist is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. There is no set term of office. The Archivist chooses the Deputy Archivist. Not applicable. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the ap |
3,340 | plicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The National Credit Union Administration is responsible for chartering, insuring, and supervising federal credit unions and administering the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. The administration also administers the Community Development |
3,341 | Revolving Loan Fund and manages the Central Liquidity Facility, a mixed-ownership government corporation that supplies emergency loans to member credit unions. The management of NCUA is vested in a full-time, three-member board appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. No more than two board members can be from the same political party, and each member serves a staggered 6-year term. The NCUA board normally meets monthly, except August. (571) GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of e |
3,342 | ach DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The National Endowment for the Arts, established by Congress in 1965 as an independent federal agency, is the official arts organization of the United States government. It is dedicated to supporting excellence in the art |
3,343 | s, both new and established; bringing the arts to all Americans; and providing leadership in arts education. The NEA is headed by a chairperson appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The chairperson serves for 4 years and may be reappointed or serve until a successor is appointed. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. |
3,344 | We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The National Endowment for the Humanities is an independent federal agency established by Congress in 1965 to support research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities. NEH is directed by a chairperson, who is appointed by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate, for a term of 4 years. The chairperson is eligible for reappointment and may continue to |
3,345 | serve until a successor has been appointed and qualified. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The National Labor Relations Board is vested with the power to prevent and remedy unfair labor practices committ |
3,346 | ed by private sector employers and unions and to safeguard employees’ rights to organize and determine whether to have unions as their bargaining representative. The chairman and four board members are selected by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Board members serve staggered 5-year terms. The President designates one member to serve as chairman of the board. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to th |
3,347 | eir entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 20 outstanding recommendations. The National Science Foundation promotes the progress of science and engineering through the support of research and education programs. The National Science Board (NSB) is made up of 24 members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and the NSF director is an ex officio member. Members serve |
3,348 | 6-year terms; one-third of the board is appointed every 2 years. NSB members are drawn from industry and universities, and represent a variety of science and engineering disciplines and geographic areas. The NSB meets about six times a year. It reviews and approves major NSF awards and new programs and initiates and conducts studies and reports on a broad range of policy topics. The NSB also publishes occasional policy papers or statements on issues of importance to U.S. science and engineering. Audit and |
3,349 | Oversight; Strategy and Budget; Programs and Plans; Education and Human Resources; and Executive. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 76 outstanding recommendations. The mission of the Peace Corps is to help the people of interested count |
3,350 | ries in meeting their need for trained men and women, and to help promote better mutual understanding between Americans and citizens of other countries. The director and deputy director are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability o |
3,351 | f these statutes to each entity. There were 113 outstanding recommendations. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation provides for timely and uninterrupted pension benefits payments to participants and beneficiaries of voluntary private pension plans. PBGC is administered by a director who reports to a board of directors, which consists of the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, and Treasury. The Secretary of Labor is chairman of the board and calls meetings. Members serve without compensation, but are reimburs |
3,352 | ed for expenses incurred during board business. The corporation is aided by a seven-member Advisory Committee appointed by the President. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 113 outstanding recommendations. The Postal Regulatory Commissio |
3,353 | n oversees the Market Dominant and Competitive Products of the U.S. Postal Service, adjusts as necessary lists of these products, and reviews related complaints. The commission is composed of five commissioners, each of whom is appointed by the President, with the advice and by consent of the Senate, for a term of 6 years. The Chairman is designated by the President. A commissioner may continue to serve after the expiration of his or her term for up to 1 year. No more than three members of the commission ma |
3,354 | y be members of the same political party. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were no outstanding recommendations. The Securities and Exchange Commission administers federal securities laws that seek to provide protection for investors; to ens |
3,355 | ure that securities markets are fair; and, when necessary, to provide the means to enforce securities laws through sanctions. The SEC consists of five commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, with staggered 5-year terms. One of them is designated by the President as chairman of the commission—the agency’s chief executive. No more than three of the commissioners may belong to the same political party. (531) GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about t |
3,356 | he applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 59 outstanding recommendations. The Smithsonian Institution is an independent trust instrumentality of the United States which comprises an extensive museum and research complex. It is dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge. The Board of Regents has 17 members, |
3,357 | including the Vice President, the Chief Justice of the United States, 3 members of the U.S. Senate, and 3 members of the House of Representatives. Nine other persons other than members of Congress, 2 of whom must be Washington D.C. residents and 7 from U.S. states, make up the remainder. House members serve for 2 years, the Senate members serve their term as Senators, and the other 9 members serve for 6 years. The board elects its own chancellor, who is the presiding officer of the Board of Regents. The bo |
3,358 | ard also elects the Secretary of the institution and three board members as an executive committee. At least 8 members must be present for the meeting to have a quorum. Members are paid travel expenses to attend meetings but their service is otherwise gratuitous. Audit and Review; Executive; Compensation and Human Resources; Facilities; Finance; Investment; Governance and Nominating; Advancement; and Strategic Planning and Programs. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the |
3,359 | applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 61 outstanding recommendations. The United States International Trade Commission administers U.S. trade remedy laws within its mandate; provides the President, the United States Trade Representative, and Congress with analysis, information, and support on matters of tariffs an |
3,360 | d international trade and competitiveness; and maintains the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. The USITC is headed by six commissioners who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. No more than three commissioners may be members of the same political party. The commissioners serve overlapping terms of 9 years each, with a new term beginning every 18 months. The chairman and vice chairman are designated by the President from among the current commissioners for 2- year t |
3,361 | erms. The chairman and vice chairman must be from different political parties, and the chairman cannot be from the same political party as the preceding chairman. GAO sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There was one outstanding recommendation. The miss |
3,362 | ion of the USPS is to provide the nation with reliable, affordable, universal mail service. The Board of Governors of USPS is composed of 11 members. It includes nine governors who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate and the Postmaster General and the Deputy Postmaster General. The nine governors select the Postmaster General, who becomes a member of the board, and those 10 select the Deputy Postmaster General, who also serves on the board. The Postmaster General serves at the pleasur |
3,363 | e of the governors for an indefinite term. The Deputy Postmaster General serves at the pleasure of the governors and the Postmaster General. Members of the Board of Governors serve for 7 years. Each governor receives $300 per day for not more than 42 days of meetings each year and travel expenses, in addition to an annual salary of $30,000. Audit and Finance; Compensation and Management Resources; Government Relations and Regulatory; Governance and Strategic Planning; and Ad Hoc Committee on Operations. GAO |
3,364 | sent a data request to the general counsel of each DFE asking about the applicability of 12 governance and accountability statutes to their entity. The table below reflects the response of the general counsel. We did not independently analyze the applicability of these statutes to each entity. There were 212 outstanding recommendations. Jeanette Franzel (202) 512-2600 or [email protected]. In addition to the person named above, major contributors to this report were Kimberly McGatlin (Assistant Director), L |
3,365 | isa Crye, Francis Dymond, Joel Grossman, Jacquelyn Hamilton, Maxine Hattery, Jennifer Henderson, Jack Hufnagle, Chelsea Lounsbury, and Tory Wudtke. Inspectors General: Independent Oversight of Financial Regulatory Agencies. GAO-09-524T. Washington, D.C.: March 25, 2009. Inspectors General: Actions Needed to Improve Audit Coverage of NASA. GAO-09-88. Washington, D.C.: December 18, 2008. Legal Services Corporation: Improvements Needed in Governance, Accountability, and Grants Management and Oversight. GAO-08- |
3,366 | 833T. Washington, D.C.: May 22, 2008. Smithsonian Institution: Board of Regents Has Implemented Many Governance Reforms, but Ensuring Accountability and Oversight Will Require Ongoing Action. GAO-08-632 . Washington, D.C.: May 15, 2008. Federal Oversight: The Need for Good Governance, Transparency, and Accountability. GAO-07-788CG. Washington, D.C.: April 16, 2007. Smithsonian Institution: Status of Efforts to Address a Range of Funding and Governance Challenges. GAO-08-250T. Washington, D.C.: December 12, |
3,367 | 2007. Inspectors General: Limitations of IG Oversight at the Department of State. GAO-08-135T. . Washington, D.C.: October 31, 2007. Legal Services Corporation: Governance and Accountability Practices Need to Be Modernized and Strengthened. GAO-07-993. Washington, D.C.: August 15, 2007. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation: Governance Structure Needs Improvements to Ensure Policy Direction and Oversight. GAO-07-808. Washington, D.C.: July 6, 2007. Inspectors General: Proposals to Strengthen Independence and |
3,368 | Accountability. GAO-07-1021T. Washington, D.C.: June 20, 2007. Inspectors General: Activities of the Department of State Office of Inspector General. GAO-07-138. Washington, D.C.: March 23, 2007. Corporate Governance: NCUA’s Controls and Related Procedures for Board Independence and Objectivity Are Similiar to Other Financial Regulators, but Opportunities Exist to Enhance Its Governance Structure. GAO-07-72R. Washington, D.C.: November 30, 2006. Suggested Areas for Oversight for the 110th Congress. GAO-07- |
3,369 | 235R. Washington, D.C.: November 17, 2006. Intercity Passenger Rail: National Policy and Strategies Needed to Maximize Public Benefits from Federal Expenditures. GAO-07-15. Washington, D.C.: November 13, 2006. Highlights of the Comptroller General’s Panel on Federal Oversight and the Inspectors General. GAO-06-931SP. Washington, D.C.: September 11, 2006. United Nations: Funding Arrangements Impede Independence of Internal Auditors. GAO-06-575. Washington, D.C.: April 25, 2006. Activities of the Treasury Ins |
3,370 | pector General for Tax Administration. GAO-05-999R. Washington, D.C.: September 27, 2005. Amtrak: Management and Accountability Issues Contribute to Unprofitability of Food and Beverage Service. GAO-05-761T. Washington, D.C.: June 9, 2005. Kennedy Center: Stronger Oversight of Fire Safety Issues, Construction Projects, and Financial Management Needed. GAO-05-334. Washington, D.C.: April 22, 2005. Tax-Exempt Sector: Governance, Transparency, and Oversight Are Critical for Maintaining Public Trust. GAO-05-561 |
3,371 | T. Washington, D.C.: April 20, 2005. Activities of the Amtrak Inspector General. GAO-05-306R. Washington, D.C.: March 4, 2005. Inspectors General: Enhancing Federal Accountability. GAO-04-117T. Washington, D.C.: October 8, 2003. Department of Health and Human Services: Review of the Management of Inspector General Operations. GAO-03-685. Washington, D.C.: June 10, 2003. Inspectors General: Office Consolidation and Related Issues. GAO-02-575. Washington, D.C.: August 15, 2002. Inspectors General: Comparison |
3,372 | of Ways Law Enforcement Authority Is Granted. GAO-02-437. Washington, D.C.: May 22, 2002. Inspectors General: Department of Defense IG Peer Reviews. GAO-02-253R. Washington, D.C.: December 20, 2001. U.S. Export-Import Bank: Views on Inspector General Oversight. GAO-01-1038R. Washington, D.C.: September 6, 200l. HUD Inspector General: Actions Needed to Strengthen Management and Oversight of Operation Safe Home. GAO-01-794. Washington, D.C.: June 29, 2001. |
3,373 | DOD and VA offer health care benefits to active duty servicemembers and veterans, among others. Under DOD’s health care system, eligible beneficiaries may receive care from military treatment facilities or from civilian providers. Military treatment facilities are individually managed by each of the military services—the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. Under VA, eligible beneficiaries may obtain care through VA’s integrated health care system of hospitals, ambulatory clinics, nursing homes, residential r |
3,374 | ehabilitation treatment programs, and readjustment counseling centers. VA has organized its health care facilities into a polytrauma system of care that helps address the medical needs of returning servicemembers and veterans, in particular those who have an injury to more than one part of the body or organ system that results in functional disability and physical, cognitive, psychosocial, or psychological impairment. Persons with polytraumatic injuries may have injuries or conditions such as TBI, amputatio |
3,375 | ns, fractures, and burns. Over the past 6 years, DOD has designated over 30,000 servicemembers involved in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom as wounded in action. Servicemembers injured in these conflicts are surviving injuries that would have been fatal in past conflicts, due, in part, to advanced protective equipment and medical treatment. The severity of their injuries can result in a lengthy transition from patient back to duty, or to veteran status. Initially, most seriously injured service |
3,376 | members from these conflicts, including activated National Guard and Reserve members, are evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany for treatment. From there, they are usually transported to military treatment facilities in the United States, with most of the seriously injured admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center or the National Naval Medical Center. According to DOD officials, once they are stabilized and discharged from the hospital, servicemembers may relocate closer to their homes |
3,377 | or military bases and are treated as outpatients by the closest military or VA facility. As part of the Army’s Medical Action Plan, the Army has developed a new organizational structure—Warrior Transition Units—for providing an integrated continuum of care for servicemembers who generally require at least 6 months of treatment, among other factors. Within each unit, the servicemember is assigned to a team of three key staff and this team is responsible for overseeing the continuum of care for the serviceme |
3,378 | mber. The Army refers to this team as a “Triad,” which consists of a (1) primary care manager—usually a physician who provides primary oversight and continuity of health care and ensures the quality of the servicemember’s care; (2) nurse case manager—usually a registered nurse who plans, implements, coordinates, monitors, and evaluates options and services to meet the servicemember’s needs; and (3) squad leader—a noncommissioned officer who links the servicemember to the chain of command, builds a relations |
3,379 | hip with the servicemember, and works along side the other parts of the Triad to ensure the needs of the servicemember and his or her family are met. The Army established 32 Warrior Transition Units, to provide a unit in every medical treatment facility that has 35 or more eligible servicemembers. The Army’s goal is to fill the Triad positions according to the following ratios: 1:200 for primary care managers; 1:18 for nurse case managers at Army medical centers that normally see servicemembers with more ac |
3,380 | ute conditions and 1:36 for other types of Army medical treatment facilities; and 1:12 for squad leaders. Returning injured servicemembers must potentially navigate two different disability evaluation systems that generally rely on the same criteria but for different purposes. DOD’s system serves a personnel management purpose by identifying servicemembers who are no longer medically fit for duty. The military’s process starts with identification of a medical condition that could render the servicemember un |
3,381 | fit for duty, a process that could take months to complete. The servicemember is evaluated by a medical evaluation board (MEB) to identify any medical conditions that may render the servicemember unfit. The member is then evaluated by a physical evaluation board (PEB) to make a determination of fitness or unfitness for duty. If found unfit, and the unfit conditions were incurred in the line of duty, the PEB assigns the servicemember a combined percentage rating for those unfit conditions using VA’s rating s |
3,382 | ystem as a guideline, and the servicemember is discharged from duty. This disability rating, along with years of service and other factors, determines subsequent disability and health care benefits from DOD. For servicemembers meeting the minimum rating and years of duty thresholds, monthly disability retirement payments are provided; for those not meeting these thresholds, a lump-sum severance payment is provided. As servicemembers in the Army navigate DOD’s disability evaluation system, they interface wit |
3,383 | h staff who play a key role in supporting them through the process. MEB physicians play a fundamental role as they are responsible for documenting the medical conditions of servicemembers for the disability evaluation case file. In addition, MEB physicians may require that servicemembers obtain additional medical evidence from specialty physicians such as a psychiatrist. Throughout the MEB and PEB process, a physical evaluation board liaison officer serves a key role by explaining the process to servicememb |
3,384 | ers, and ensuring that the servicemembers’ case files are complete before they are forwarded for adjudication. The board liaison officer informs servicemembers of board results and of deadlines at key decision points in the process. The military also provides legal counsel to servicemembers in the disability evaluation process. The Army, for example, provides them with legal representation at formal board hearings. The Army will provide military counsel, or servicemembers may retain their own representative |
3,385 | at their own expense. In addition to receiving benefits from DOD, veterans may receive compensation from VA for lost earning capacity due to service-connected disabilities. Although a servicemember may file a VA claim while still in the military, he or she can only obtain disability compensation from VA as a veteran. VA will evaluate all claimed conditions, whether they were evaluated previously by the military service’s evaluation process or not. If the VA finds that a veteran has one or more service-conn |
3,386 | ected disabilities with a combined rating of at least 10 percent, VA will pay monthly compensation. The veteran can claim additional benefits over time, for example, if a service-connected disability worsens. To improve the timeliness and resource utilization of DOD’s and VA’s separate disability evaluation systems, the agencies embarked on a planning effort of a joint disability evaluation system that would enable servicemembers to receive VA disability benefits shortly after leaving the military without g |
3,387 | oing through both DOD’s and VA’s processes. A key part of this planning effort included a “table top” exercise whereby the planners simulated the outcomes of cases using four potential options that incorporated variations of following three elements: (1) a single, comprehensive medical examination to be used by both DOD and VA in their disability evaluations; (2) a single disability rating performed by VA; and (3) incorporating a DOD-level evaluation board for adjudicating servicemembers’ fitness for duty. |
3,388 | Based on the results of this exercise, DOD and VA implemented the selected pilot design using live cases at three Washington, D.C.-area military treatment facilities including Walter Reed Army Medical Center in November 2007. Key features of the pilot include (see fig. 1): a single physical examination conducted to VA standards as part of the disability ratings prepared by VA, for use by both DOD and VA in determining disability benefits; and additional outreach and non-clinical case management provided by |
3,389 | VA staff at the DOD pilot locations to explain VA results and processes to servicemembers. The Army has made strides increasing key staff positions in support of servicemembers undergoing medical treatment as well as disability evaluation, but faces a number of challenges to achieving or maintaining stated goals. Although the Army has made significant progress in staffing its Warrior Transition Units, several challenges remain, including hiring medical staff in a competitive market, replacing temporarily bo |
3,390 | rrowed personnel with permanent staff, and getting eligible servicemembers into the units. With respect to supporting servicemembers as they navigate the disability evaluation process, the Army has reduced caseloads of key support staff, but has not yet reached its goals and faces challenges with both hiring and meeting current demands of servicemembers in the process. Since September 2007, the Army has made considerable progress in staffing its Warrior Transition Units, increasing the number of staff assig |
3,391 | ned to Triad positions by almost 75 percent. As of February 6, 2008, the Army had about 2,300 personnel staffing its Warrior Transition Units. In February 2008, the Army reported that its Warrior Transition Units had achieved “full operational capability,” which was the goal established in the Army’s Medical Action Plan. The Warrior Transition Units reported that they had met this goal even though some units had staffing shortages or faced other challenges. The Army’s January 2008 assessment defined full op |
3,392 | erational capability across a wide variety of areas identified in the Army’s Medical Action Plan, not just personnel fill. For example, the assessment included whether facilities and barracks were suitable and whether a Soldier and Family Assistance Center was in place and providing essential services. In addition, the commander assessed whether the unit could conduct the mission- essential tasks assigned to it. As a result, such ratings have both objective and subjective elements, and the Army allows comma |
3,393 | nders to change the ratings based on their judgment. Location (size of Warrior Transition Unit population) Fort Hood, Texas (957) Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. (674) Fort Lewis, Washington (613) Fort Campbell, Kentucky (596) Fort Drum, New York (395) Fort Polk, Louisiana (248) Fort Knox, Kentucky (243) Fort Irwin & Balboa, California (89) Fort Belvoir, Virginia (43) Fort Huachuca, Arizona (41) Redstone Arsenal, Alabama (17) The Army is confronting other challenges, as well, including rep |
3,394 | lacing borrowed staff in Triad positions with permanently assigned staff without disrupting the continuity of care for servicemembers. We previously reported in September 2007 that many units were relying on borrowed staff to fill positions—about 20 percent overall. This practice has continued; in February 2008, about 20 percent of Warrior Transition Unit staff continued to be borrowed from other positions. Army officials told us that using borrowed staff was necessary to get the Warrior Transition Units im |
3,395 | plemented quickly and has been essential in staffing units that have experienced sudden increases in servicemembers needing care. Army officials told us that using borrowed staff is a temporary solution for staffing the units, and these staff will be transitioned out of the positions when permanent staff are available. Replacing the temporary staff will result in turnover among Warrior Transition Unit staff, which can disrupt the continuity of care provided to servicemembers. Another lingering challenge fac |
3,396 | ing the Army is getting eligible servicemembers into the Warrior Transition Units. In developing its approach, the Army envisioned that servicemembers meeting specific criteria, such as requiring more than 6 months of treatment or having a condition that requires going through the Medical Evaluation Board process, would be assigned to the Warrior Transition Units. Since September 2007, the Warrior Transition Unit population has increased by about 80 percent—from about 4,350 to about 7,900 servicemembers. Ho |
3,397 | wever, although the percentage of eligible servicemembers going through the Medical Evaluation Board process who were not in a Warrior Transition Unit has been cut almost in half since September 2007, more than 2,500 eligible servicemembers were not in units, as of February 6, 2008. About 1,700 of these servicemembers (about 70 percent) are concentrated in ten locations. (See table 2.) Warrior Transition Unit commanders conduct risk assessments of eligible servicemembers to determine if their care can be ap |
3,398 | propriately managed outside of the Warrior Transition Unit. These assessments are to be conducted within 30 days of determining that the servicemember meets eligibility criteria. For example, a servicemember’s knee injury may require a Medical Evaluation Board review—a criterion for being placed in a Warrior Transition Unit—but the person’s unit commander can determine that the person can perform a desk job while undergoing the medical evaluation process. According to Army guidance, servicemembers eligible |
3,399 | for the Warrior Transition Unit will generally be moved into the units, that it will be the exception, not the rule, for a servicemember to not be transferred to a Warrior Transition Unit. Army officials told us that the population of 2,500 servicemembers who had not been moved into a Warrior Transition Unit consisted of both servicemembers who had just recently been identified as eligible for a unit but had not yet been evaluated and servicemembers whose risk assessment determined that their care could be |
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