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(F) The FD20 epitope (Cα in black sphere) is similarly organized in three-dimension among the coronaviruses that contain an RBD-equivalent region. The PDB accession codes are: SARS-CoV-2, 7CYV (this work); SARS-CoV, 2G75 (Prabakaran et al, 2006); MERS, 5X59 (Yuan et al, 2017); hCoV-HKU1, 5GNB (Ou et al, 2017); and hCoV-OC43, 6OHW (Tortorici et al, 2019). | [
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(A) Masson's trichrome staining of the heart of CLIP-170 S311A overexpressing mice and the control mice from 3 months and 1 year after tamoxifen treatment. | [
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C ELISA showing that Smaducin-6 treatment reduced IFN-β1 levels in peritoneal lavage fluids compared to Pal-Scram #1-treated CLP mice. n = 10 mice per group per experiment. Data were statistically analyzed by the Dunnett's multiple comparison test (one-way ANOVA). ***P < 0.001 compared to sham or vehicle control (CLP + Pal-Scram #1). | [
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A Ca2+ signals in sperm evoked by photorelease (at t = 0) of resact from caged resact in the presence of the CatSper inhibitor MDL12330A. | [
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(A) HeLa cells were fixed and stained for p62. The different patterns of p62 distribution were scored in >200 cells as cytoplasmic with small bodies, cytoplasmic with large and intense bodies, equal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, and nuclear enriched. The percentage of cells in the respective groups is indicated. | [
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(G) The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB family of transcription factors (Nfκb1, Nfκb1, Rela and Relb) in mice skin lesions (n=6 for each group). | [
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(A) 786-0 or 769-P cells were pretreated with or without aa starvation for 6 hours, and then MG132 (10 μM) or CQ (1 μM) was added to the cell culture medium for 12 hours. The protein level of GDH1 was determined by WB with the indicated antibody. | [
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) Heatmap obtained by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showing the most affected pathways across mdx, mdx++ and mdx+- mice. | [
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(b) Mapping of the deletion breakpoints by microarray and PCR. Red indicates evidence for deletion; black indicates evidence to the contrary; blue arrows indicate locations of flanking PCR primers able to generate a PCR product in individuals with at least one deletion allele. | [
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The diameter of kugel was not statistically significantly altered by GSK3 inhibition (p 0.5555; control n=23 kugeln from 22 embryos 7.26 ± 0.89 (mean ± s.e.m.); GSK3 inhibitor n=89 kugeln from 21 embryos 8.09 ± 0.97 | [
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Quantitative analysis of salivary gland sporozoite lengths from the different lines. n indicates numbers of investigated sporozoites. Box plots represent 50% (boxes) and 95% (bars) of data with horizontal bar showing the median. *** and **** indicate p<0.001, and p<0.0001, respectively; ns: not significant; Kruskal-Wallis-test; scale bar: 1 µm. | [
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Schematic representation of the experimental design for reinfection experiments. Cells were infected with Shigella-mCherry (primary infection) or mock-treated. At 3 hpi, cells were re-infected with Shigella expressing GFP (secondary infection). Secondary infection was analyzed at 0.5 hpi (i.e. 1 h after addition of bacteria to cells) Representative image and cfu quantification of re-infection assays with Shigella W of HeLa cells primarily infected with Shigella WT or ΔipaB/Inv mutant strain, or mock-treated | [
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F. Biplots of the rCSI comparing 8h vs 8h+MO and CSC in Zebrafishembryos, P < 1.2e-4 R=0.4, Spearman rank correlation. Based on the consistent identification by both methods we defined: Optimal codons, highlighted in red and non-optimal codons in blue. The intensity of the color represents the strength (light, weak; dark, strong) based on different CSC values.G. Boxplot of tRNA levels (RPM) for optimal and non-optimal codons (P = 3e-03, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). | [
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C Different tissue homogenates from a TgPrP(S3.F88W)-35 mouse were PNGaseF-digested and analysed for PrP using the antibody 1A6. FL, full-length PrP; ns, non-specific signal detected in the immunoblotting procedure. | [
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(K) Immunoblot analysis of protein lysates extracted from control and mutant NPCs prior to culture in differentiation medium, using an antibody against lysine 48-ubiquitin (K48-Ub) to label polyubiquitinated proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation. GAPDH, loading control. Two representative samples per genotype are shown. | [
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Representative H&E stained sections of BAT from Flox and GRBATKO animals. Scale bar 100 µm. | [
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HaCaT cells were infected with ZIKV strains 976 (Uganda isolate) (MOI = 0.1) or PF13/251013-18 (French Polynesia isolate) (MOI = 20) and treated 2 hpi with FGF7 (20 ng/ml) or vehicle (CTRL). Immunofluorescence staining for the ZIKV envelope protein and quantification of the percentage of cells expressing the ZIKV envelope protein (G) 48 hpi is shown. | [
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(G) IDH1 directly interacted with SIRT2 but not SIRT1. SIRT2 deacetylated IDH1 effectively. Flag tagged IDH1 and HA tagged SIRT1 or SIRT2 were co-transfected into cells. The acetylation level of Flag-bead-purified IDH1 and the protein association between IDH1 and SIRT1 or SIRT2 were determined by Western blot. | [
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(A-D) Structures of H2A.B-NCP and canonical nucleosome were superimposed to show local interaction differences. Displayed are H2A and H2A.B residues located close to the canonical nucleosomal DNA at super helical location SHL 6 (A) and SHL 4.5 (B), and H2A and H2A.B residues in α3-αC helices (C) and the L1 loop (D). H2A.B, H3 and DNA in H2A.B-NCP are colored in orange, cyan, light blue. H2A, H3 and DNA in canonical nucleosome are colored in yellow, blue, grey, respectively. All other histones are colored in grey. H2B N-tail highlighted in (B) refers to H2B residues 26-32 which are exclusively observed in the canonical nucleosome structure. The nucleosomal DNA is not shown in (D) for clear presentation. | [
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H Time course of CD40L surface expression after PMA/Ionomycin stimulation measured by Relative Fluorescence Intensity (RFI, normalized to T0; left) and percentage (right) on UT (n=3), edited (GFP+) or unedited (GFP-) HD or Pt CD4+ T cells from (D) (n=9 HD, 1 Pt). Longitudinal comparisons between HD GFP+ vs GFP- were performed with an LME model, accounting for multiple donors and separately for RFI and %CD40L+ cells (see Appendix Supplementary Statistical Methods). The reported statistical comparisons refer only to 8 hours time-point (****p<0.0001 and *p=0.0450, respectively). #measured on the small fraction of CD40L+ cells. Median ± IQR. | [
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FACS of control and ΔA781_N783 PBMCs using lineage markers for CD3 (T-cells), CD14 (monocytes/macrophages), CD19 (B-cells), CD16, CD20 and CD56. Cells negative for all 6 makers were determined to be lineage-negative (Lin-). | [
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ines.Analysis of 2019-nCoV-S pseudotype incorporation (B) by Western blot. Representative blots from three experiments are shown. VSV-M (particles) served as loading controls. | [
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c) Confocal image of a region of a methanol fixed FLCN-GFP/HA-FNIP2 transfected HeLa cell showing Rab7 (red) and LAMP1 (blue) association with FLCN-GFP tubules. Scale bar = 1μm. | [
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F Fluorescence micrograph of histological section of an intraductally xenografted mammary gland stained with DAPI (top) and immunofluorescence with anti hCK7 (bottom). Arrows point to mouse ducts devoid of human cells. Scale bar, 0.1 mm. | [
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(C) Endogenous Ubqln1 in 293 cells was immunoprecipitated using a rabbit Ubqln1 antibody or a control rabbit IgG. The immunoprecipitates were analysed by western blotting using anti‐Ubqln1 and anti‐Ubqln4 antibodies. | [
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B Relative ferrireductase activities were measured in the cells expressing the different constructs used in (A) as described in Materials and Methods. *P < 0.0001. | [
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(L) Cloning of the 1 kb ADAR2 promoter into the pGL3 luciferase reporter. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a mutant ARE. | [
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B. Myr-Akt, a constitutively active form of Akt, was expressed together with WT or 3A INVS in HEK293 cells and INVS phosphorylation was quantified. WT, but not 3A INVS, can be phosphorylated in the presence of Myr-Akt. | [
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(B) PABPDHFR cells were transfected with plasmids encoding RL-6xB or RL-6xBMUT. 24 hours after transfections, the cells were split and cultured for an additional 12 hours in the presence or absence of TMP. The stabilities of reporter mRNAs was assessed by using actinomycin D (5 μg/ml) for the indicated amounts of time. Total RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed with random hexamer oligonucleotide primers and quantified by qPCR. mRNA decay rates were normalized to an in vitro synthesized spike-in RNA with the zero time point set at 1. Error bars represent the SEM of three independent experiments. First order exponential decay trend lines were generated by non-linear regression analysis. | [
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D. Protein intensities of RAB5 and LAMP-1 from phagosome proteome analysis of WT and Tpl2[D270A] BMDMs (n = 3 biological replicates) (left). Immunoblot of isolated phagosomes from WT and Tpl2[D270A] BMDMs probed for RAB5, LAMP-1 and vimentin. Phagosomal fractions of two biological replicates were pooled. One representative experiment out of two shown (right) (n = 2). Data information: Data were analysed by Student's t-test. Error bars represent SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. | [
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F-I. Quantification of primary dendrites (F), secondary dendrites (G), total branching (H) and branchig of the principal dendrite (I) of hippocampal neurons treated as indicated in E. The results are shown as individual values and the means of a representative assay. A total of 30 neurons were analyzed per experimental condition. Similar results were obtained in n=3 independent experiments. | [
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β-Catenin-RAS interaction was visualized by in situ proximity ligation assay in HEK293 cells treated with L-CM or Wnt3a-CM. Scale bars, 20 µm. The proximity ligation signal was quantified in 10 randomly distributed microscopic images that contained > 100 cells | [
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Fitting of time courses (filled circles) of the translation of LepB mRNA constructs of increasing length (Appendix Fig S3) by delay-exponential functions (red lines). | [
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(F) Cartoon representation of the crystal structures of T. thermophila tubulin-D1 (left) and recombinant H. sapiens tubulin-D1 (right) complexes. Bound nucleotides are displayed in stick representation, the | [
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Integrative Genome Viewer (IGV) snapshot showing ATAC-seq peaks along and upstream of the VWF gene in GPR56high vs. low samples (top, average peak size of 10 GPR56high (turquoise) and 15 GPR56low samples (violet)), RNA-seq reads of the same location in AML samples with high (n=9) versus low (n=11) GPR56 expression (two middle tracks), and RNA-seq reads of shLuc versus GPR56 knockdown CD34+ cells (3 bottom tracks, one of two replicates shown for each condition). Track height was group-scaled. Dashed vertical lines indicate binding sites for the annotated TFs. TFBS: transcription factor binding site derived from the HOCOMOCO v10 database; TSS: transcription start site. TFs in blue bind to differentially accessible chromatin regions. | [
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I GFP-LC3B stably expressing HeLa cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 empty vector or plasmid expressing the wild-type and the mutant forms of USP19 (CS or CS/HA). Pictures in (B) and (I) were taken using Leica DMI3000 B microscope with a×100 oil-immersion objective. Scale bar, 200 μm.J Average GFP-LC3B puncta per cell were calculated. Bars represented mean ± SEM of triplicate samples (20 cells per sample). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. | [
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Quantification of WT loads of 6-8 independent experiments/sortings, analyzed at different time-points | [
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G The social avoidance behavior in mice with ATP intra-hippocampal infusion after apyrase exposure (n = 14, 10, 10 mice. Interaction F2, 31 = 2.051, P = 0.1457; Target F1, 31 = 2.666, P = 0.1127; Drug F2, 31 = 3.711, P = 0.0359; For Target, Apyrase-ACSF vs Vehicle, P = 0.0387; Apyrase-ATP vs Apyrase-ACSF, P = 0.0099, Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test). | [
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A Visualization of CASPL4D1 proteins and lignin by mCherry and CADMAC fluorescence. Data information: pCASPL4D1::CASPL4D1-mCherry plants were pretreated with CADMAC and then inoculated with Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1). mCh, mCherry; Chl, chlorophyll; hpi, hours post-inoculation. Scale bars, 20 μm (A) | [
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Expression of YAP1 and downstream effectors in cytoplasmic (yellow) and nuclear (blue) fractions from SCP-1 cells transduced with FUS‑DDIT3 or EV. One of at least two independent experiments with similar results is shown. | [
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D, E. Double staining for insulin (green) and BrdU (red) of mice islets after 12 weeks of vehicle (D) or MI (E) administration. Islet area was circled by white dashed line. Nuclei were labeled by DAPI (blue). BrdU staining is indicated by arrows. Scale bar:50 μm. F, G. Quantification of BrdU positive beta cells (F) and beta cell mass (G) of MI-463 treated HFD-fed mice or control mice. Five mice for each group, and at least 10 islet images per mouse were analyzed. **P = 0.0059, *P = 0.0103 (two-tailed unpaired student's t-test). | [
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H IFA analysis of tagged ISP1 and ISP3 in zygotes of the complemented parasites. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst 33342. Scale bar = 5 μm. | [
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(B-C) Represented images of cellular interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 (A) and between F4/80 and TLR2 (B) in BM-derived macrophages with the indicated treatments were observed by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) using ImageStreamX. Scale bars 10μm. Cells were incubated with 20µM of TLR2-p or scrTLR2-p peptide for 0.5h, then washed and incubated with 500ng/ml LTA for another 0.5h at 370C. Cells were probed with anti TLR6-PE or anti F4/80-PE conjugated antibody (donor) and anti TLR2 antibody following by staining with APC-labeled secondary antibody (acceptor). PE intensity (middle panel) and FRET intensity (right panel) were measured via ImageStreanX imaging flow cytometer. The FRET intensity shown are mean ± S.E.M of two independent experiments (n=2579-15567). | [
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(A) Experimental approach used to characterize the functional role of Stat3 on cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity. | [
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C Further analysis of the data in (B) for all transiently visited protrusions. In cald WT neurons, roughly 50% of protrusions get visited by an ER only once, while the other half experiences multiple ER entries. This ratio is changed towards multiple ER entries in cald KO neurons, and can be rescued by overexpression of caldendrin-GFP (cald KO + cald), but not by 48 h treatment with 50 nM jasplakinolide (cald KO + JPK). The n of independent experiments, cells and analysed protrusions is the same as in (B). | [
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HeLa cells stably expressing untagged TFGwtLIR or TFGmutLIR3 were transfected with 3'UTR TFG siRNA, starved for 1h, fixed, permeabilized and immunolabelled with ULK1 (red) Hoechst was used to stain nuclei. ULK1 puncta number (G) was analysed and reported as mean ± SEM in the graph (right) (n=3 independent experiments, n=24 fields analysed). Values of Mander's coefficient for ULK1, expressed as percentage, are reported as mean ± SEM (bottom graph). (n=3 independent experiments, n=19 fields analysed) White arrowheads point at co-localization events between ULK1 and ERGIC. Statistical analyses were performed by unpaired Student's t‐test. **, P<0,01; ***, 0,001. Scale bar 5 μm. | [
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(C, D) Plots showing results obtained from the in vitro or ex vivo dispersion assays with the indicated strains and from the staining control. Each circle represents the OD 595 nm values obtained for individual catheters (n≥4), whereas mean ± s.d. is represented with lines inside each group. Results from one-sided ANOVA followed by Fisher's PLSD test are shown for treatments statistically different from those based on strains not secreting dispersin B (i.e., the WT or CV2 strains). *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.005; ***P ≤ 0.0005. | [
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B) Icos1 at 18 nM F-domain stimulates cell migration relative to PBS/vehicle control. Scale bars are 100 µm. | [
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h,i) Hierarchical dendrograms of synaptic proteins (SynGO database) showing significant enrichment by colour-code: h) proteins with concordant regulation. i) proteins with discordant regulation. | [
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(G) Schema of mating strategy and numbers of viable pups at weaning bearing the 6 possible genotypes for Vec-Cre. A Chi-square test determined any difference between observed proportions and expected proportions. | [
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Endocytosis of VE-cadherin in 17 h TNF-α treated HUVEC was induced by adding HL60-derived neutrophils for 20-30 min at 37°C and monitored by the internalization of preincubated mAb BV6, which was visualized in fixed cells with a secondary fluorescent antibody (white). Total VE-cadherin was stained with another mAb (red), nuclei stained with Hoechst (white). (B) PECAM-1 siRNA treated HUVEC were transduced with WT PECAM-1-EGFP or PECAM-1-Y663,686F-EGFP. Expression levels of transduced PECAM-1 forms and of EGFP and VE-cadherin are shown in immunoblots (on the right). Relative VE-cadherin internalization efficiency is given on the right. | [
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Subcellular compartmentalization of PP2A in Ld-infected RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were infected with Ld for 6 hrs and cell extract were analysed on a OptiprepR density gradient to separate subcellular organelles and structures. PP2A percentage intensity plot for each fraction was done for control and infected samples (N). | [
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Simplified illustration summarizing the findings in the RA-pool. Not drawn to scale; SVs with filaments (dark green, blue filaments) and without filaments (light green). | [
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D. Cell proliferation determined by Ki67 immunofluorescence. Scale bar: 20 µm.E. Ki67 positive cell percentages at the collagen matrix surface. Means ± SEM (n=20; n=19 for GFP:ER/vehicle, n=18 for GFP/GM6001), one-way ANOVA with multiplicity adjusted exact p value by post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test.F. Ki67 positive cell percentages in collagen matrix. Means ± SEM (n=20; n=8 for GFP:ER/ vehicle, n=10 for GFP:ER/GM6001, n=17 for ROCK1:ER/GM6001, n=15 for ROCK2:ER/GM6001), one-way ANOVA with multiplicity adjusted exact p value by post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test. | [
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G-H Quantification of dendrite severing defects and unpruned dendrite lengths at 16 h APF. | [
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B. Representative two-dimensional IFT tracks from WT and OSM-3(1 or 3xGS) animals. Red and violet circles indicate the start and end of the tracks, respectively. | [
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HuH7 cells were transfected with a control gapmer (ga Ctrl) or with two gapmers targeting EGOT (ga·1αEGOT and ga·2αEGOT). One day later, the cells were infected with a moi of 0.01 of SFV for 24h (E to F). Cell supernatants and pellets were collected after infection. The supernatant was used to titer the SFV by the plaque forming assay (G). The experiment was performed at least twice in triplicate (n=6). Average values are shown and error bars indicate standard deviations. Asterisks mark significant differences (*** p<0.001 and **** p<0.0001) obtained with a two-tailed t-test. PFU, plaque-forming units. | [
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A. Whole chromosomes imaged by conventional TEM. Data information: Scale bars: 1µm | [
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(E) Potential for co-localization of FITC-dextran (in green) with phagocytosed S. aureus expressing mCherry (in red). The micrographs depict representative macrophages infected with S. aureus at 10 h post-infection and the white arrows point to mCherry positive bacteria that are co-localizing with dextran. Macrophages were treated with 1 μM concanamycin A prior to imaging live. | [
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D In vitro reconstitution of Ykt6 double prenylation. Dialyzed cytosol prepared from PTAR1 KO HAP1 cells was incubated at 37ºC for the indicated times with recombinant GGTase-III (100 nM) or RabGGTase (100 nM) in the absence or presence of GGPP (10 μM). After incubation, reaction products were separated by DOC-PAGE (upper) or SDS-PAGE (lower), and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-Ykt6 antibody. | [
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Bar plots with dot density plots showing that ppMLC levels within CRs were significantly reduced in LUZP1 KO cells compared to those in WT cells [19.19 ± 10.02 arbitrary units (a.u.) (WT) vs. 2.92 ± 1.81 a.u. (LUZP1 KO)]. n = 3. **p < 0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test). Bars and error bars represent the mean ± SD. | [
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(A) Strategy for synchronization of hTERT-RPE cells. Cells were first enriched in G2 phase by 16 hours incubation with 2.0 µg/mL RO-3306, washed, and incubated for another 1.5 hours with 25 ng/mL nocodazole to arrest cells in metaphase. Metaphase cells were then collected by mitotic shake-off. A small fraction was used to determine the proportion of mitotic cells by DAPI staining and confocal microscopy while the remainder was replated for pA-DamID time series analysis. | [
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(b) Atg3 binding to liposomes. Atg3 (10 μM) was incubated at 30 °C for 90 min with liposomes containing 0, 30 or 55 mol% DOPE (5 mM lipids) and of varying sizes (extrusion membrane dimensions are shown on the figure; actual final sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering (Supplementary Table 1)). The liposome-associated Atg3 was recovered by Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation and analysed by SDS-PAGE. | [
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(G) Nmnat3 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells after 1 mM CAP treatment for 72 h. The HIF1α inhibitor (20 or 50 µM) was added 2 h before the CAP treatment. Error bars are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Student's t-test was performed on WT cells vs WT cells treated CAP and (or) HIF1α inhibitor,**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. | [
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Analysis of transcription factor activity (Affymetrix combo protein-DNA array) for Ctrl, Blebb and Blebb + AP conditions. Each square corresponds to a specific transcription factor (TF) activity and is color coded to show the relative activity. ① To identify TFs regulated by nuclear shape, we selected TFs that were more active in Ctrl and Blebb + AP compared to blebbistation-treated cells (Blebb). | [
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E, Number of differentially methylated single CpG sites (DMPs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the indicated comparisons (color code as in panel B). | [
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immunoblot of mGPDH, myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) levels during C2C12 myocyte differentiation. Quantification represents the levels of indicated protein normalized to β-actin | [
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G GST-CARM1 incubated with GST-LSD1 WT or GST-LSD1 R838A/R838K in presence of SAM at 30°C for 1 h, followed by immunoblotting with anti-LSD1 R838me2a to detect LSD1 methylation. | [
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Fluorescence microscopy of T6SS dynamics in a double tagged strain (∆retS TssB2-mCherry2 TssA2PA-mNeonGreen). White arrow indicates full cycle of extending and contracting T6SS sheath. Scale bar: 1 µm. | [
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(C) Confirmation of the TBD by immunoprecipitation. The indicated constructs were transfected into HeLa cells, followed by lysis, immunoprecipitation of HA‐tagged full‐length TAB2 or TAB3 and detection of His‐tagged constructs. | [
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Scoring of BrdU-positive cells per half-crypt in the small intestine of wild-type, AhCreERCdh1fl/+, AhCreERCatnblox(ex3)/+ and AhCreERCatnblox(ex3)/+Cdh1fl/+mice at day 10 post-induction. N ≥ 3, at least 25 crypts per mouse were scored. There was significantly higher proliferation in the AhCreERCatnblox(ex3)/+Cdh1fl/+mice (P = 0.028, one-sided Mann-Whitney U-test). | [
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HEK293T-ACE2-GFP stable cells were transiently transfected with human IFITM plasmids or vector control for 24 h. E) Representative example flow cytometry histograms of ACE2-GFP from non-infected samples. | [
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(A) Neutrophil morphologic differentiation were assessed at day 6 (section ii). Controls were without treatment. White arrows indicate neutrophilnuclear segmentation. A+G, Am80-GCSF combination; CL, chemiluminescence; RLU, relative light units; AUC, area under the curve. | [
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Kaplan-Meier estimator of lung SCC patients stratified by USP28 expression (n=271). The p-value was calculated using a logrank test. HR: hazard ratio. Kmplot software. | [
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g, Maximal treadmill running distance for mice of indicated genotype. Data represent mean ± s.e.m. of 4-6 male mice per group. | [
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A. Simulated annealing omit map (Fo-Fc, contoured at 1.5σ) showing the molecule bound to Mdm12 (left). The final model for the bound PE is shown as in stick representation. The electron density (2Fo-Fc) calculated in the final model is shown with the stick model of PE in the right (3.1 Å resolution, contoured at 0.8σ). | [
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G, Schematic representation of the MET-driven signaling pathways that sustain DNA repair, and prevent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. | [
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(K) Quantification of the frequency of H2A.X+ staining in keratinocytes within S phase (EdU+) or another cell cycle stage (EdU-) following a 20 minute EdU pulse labeling (average SD, n=5). *Unpaired t-test P-values WT=0.1, iKO= 0.05. Mann-Whitney U test P-values: WT=0.09, iKO=0.03. | [
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D Illustration of the EC interactome in adrenal glands and changes in the interactome with ageing. Cells ≤18 μm of distance from the blood vessels were considered to be within the interactome of blood vessels. Analysis of endothelium in the different region showed that they have distinct marker expressions. CD102pos / VCAM-1lo / Vimentinneg, CD102neg / VCAM-1hi / Vimentinneg and CD102neg / VCAM-1hi / Vimentinpos ECs were located in cortex, transition and medulla regions respectively in young and aged adrenal glands. Their interactions in young and aged adrenal glands with PDGFRβ+ and NG2+ pericytes, PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells, α-SMA+ pericytes, Desmin+ stromal cells, Decorin+ stromal cells, CXCR4+ stromal cells, FSP1+ fibroblasts, CD34+ hematopoietic cells, F4/80+ macrophages and CD68+ macrophages are shown. Interaction with Decorin expressing stromal cells is only observed in ageing. | [
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Expression of PID-5::mTagRFP-T (C) in perinuclear granules in the germline. DEPS-1::GFP mark P granules. The indicated dashed boxes reflect zoom-ins on specific nuclei to better visualize the granules, and their overlaps. One L4 gonad is shown for each animal. Note that most of the L4 gonad is in pachytene stage. Arrow heads indicate individual condensates. Scale bar: 25 µm. | [
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D: Mithramycin leads to H3K27me3 amplification in a time-dependent manner that precedes the induction of apoptosis as measured by the cleavage of PARP. Western blot lysates collected at 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 18h, 24h of continuous 100nM mithramycin treatment. | [
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C. Secondary structure prediction based on the amino acid sequence of TssA1 using the web-based prediction server ESPript 3 (Robert Gouet, 2014). The linker region from Gly240 to Ala280 is highlighted in red. The positions of the first and last residues of the TssA11-245 truncated protein are indicated by red arrows. | [
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(C, D) LDH and IL-1B release from siRNA-treated WT or GBP1/2/5-/- U937 Monocytic cell line, primed with IFNγ (10UI/mL) and PAM3CSK4 (100ng/mL) and then infected with (C) with S. Typhimurium orgA- (MOI25) for 10 hours or (D) electroporated with 1µg of E. coli LPS for 4 hours. Φ indicates that no LPS electroporation was performed. | [
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Mice of indicated genotype were subjected to 6 Gy whole-body irradiation and pulse-labeled with 120 mg/kg BrdU two hours before sacrifice at different time points. Small intestines were stained for proliferation (BrdU); scale bars 50 µm. | [
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F. RT-qPCR analysis showed increased cellular G4C2 repeat RNA expression from co-transfected EF1 (G4C2)80 repeat construct in the presence of GFP, GFP-poly-GR177 or GFP-poly-PR166. | [
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Pregnant dams were injected with 4-OHT at days E10.5 and E11.5 for analysis at day E12.5 or E10.5, E11.5, and E12.5 of development for later times of analysis Enumeration of the PROX1-expressing (PROX1+) nuclei in three different VE-cadherin deleted wholemount preparations analogous to Fig. 1B. Nuclei were counted in a MIP corresponding to an area of 1.5 mm2 and normalized to the number of nuclei in Cdh5lox/lox control preparations The area covered by lymphatic vessels was determined in the samples evaluated in (D) and is depicted as relative area compared to Cdh5lox/lox controls. The calculations and measurements were obtained from three animals and three confocal stacks per biological group. PROX1-positive nuclei were counted using the particle analysis tool of Fiji | [
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(G) NXF1 iCLIP signals along the histone mRNA. The histone mRNA is divided into 10 fractions based on their mRNA size. Each fraction represents 10% of each histone mRNA. The tenth fractions that contains the SL is boxed by green dashed lines. | [
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H, Murine pancreatic tumour cells R211 were treated with the vehicle, α or pan-PI3K inhibitors and apoptotic (IncuCyte Annexin V) cells were quantified after 2 days. n = 3 in each group. | [
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Gene expression profiles of PBMCs from P. falciparum symptomatic and asymptomatic infected participants were compared. G. Hierarchical clustering heatmap of genes associated with CCNA2 identified by linear regression analysis (FDR<5%). | [
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(C) Burying behaviour: The level 0 corresponds to the surface of the substrate, negative values correspond to the number of buried animals while positive values correspond to the number of animals found at the surface of the substrate. For control treatment animals, not a single individual rose up at the surface and for individuals injected by wDil only few animals were spotted at the surface. When inoculated by wVulC, all animals rose up to the substrate after 60 days. | [
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(i) Intracellular RNS generation was measured using DAF-FM. Bars represent average±s.e.m. from n=15 individual fibres for each condition in (a,b,f,g,i | [
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I. MitoSox staining in myocytes expressing or not ATPIF1H49K. The left scheme illustrates where each ETC inhibitor works. The right histogram shows the quantification of mitochondrial ROS. Bars are the mean ± s.e.m. of n= 3 experiments, 12 replicas/condition. Data information: *, # p <0.05 when compared to wt or LowOXPHOS, respectively, by ANOVA and Student's t-test. | [
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(C) Example micrographs of yeast cells for each of the 21 subcellular endocytic phenotypes identified in this study. The relevant markers are listed to the left of the micrographs. Scale bar: 5 µm. (D) Pie charts showing the proportion of specific phenotype mutants (SPMs) that have one or more distinct aberrant phenotypes, and non-phenotype-specific mutants for each of the compartments screened. | [
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29 His-tagged enzymes of E. coli central metabolism were mixed individually with four metabolite mixes and T1rho 1D 1H NMR spectra were recorded for every protein-mix combination. All possible interactions between enzymes and metabolites were quantified using the relaxation factor and are displayed in a protein-metabolite interaction map. | [
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Zoom in to chromatograms of 20S components in full and reduced MW range and in the context of chaperones known to be involved in assembly according to the current model of 20S biogenesis (lower panel, assembled after Saeki & Tanaka, 2012 (Saeki & Tanaka, 2012) and PDB accession 5GJR), colored by protein class. Reduced MW species are classified into early and late assembly intermediates (as opposed to artifacts of disassembly) by defined co-elution of early assembly chaperone PSMG3/PSMG4 dimer, late assembly chaperone proteasome maturation protein POMP and constitutive chaperone PSMG1/2 dimer. | [
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(C) IL-8 concentration in HUVEC supernatant after 24h stimulation with the indicated concentration of sc hTNF mutant Y87F (Y87F), hCD13-AFR or wt hTNF, alone or in combination with 200ng/ml hIFN-γ, measured via ELISA. | [
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J: Pearson's correlation coefficients between MOSPD2 (WT or RD/LD) and STARD3 (WT, S209A or FA/YA) staining are shown. Each dot represents a single cell (number of cells: MOSPD2-STARD3: 22; MOSPD2- STARD3 S209A: 21; MOSPD2-STARD3 FA/YA: 20; MOSPD2 RD/LD-STARD3: 17, from at least three independent experiments). Means and error bars (SD) are shown. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison test (***P < 0.001). | [
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Subsets and Splits