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| answers
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 205 | Which of the following techniques is considered, according to the available evidence, a well-established treatment in the case of childhood phobias: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The training in HHSS."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The emotive images."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The therapy based on the game."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Systematic desensitization through eye movements."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The practice reinforced."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 206 | Point out the INCORRECT statement about the sexual misconduct that occurs in some victims of child sexual abuse: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a common problem in children who have suffered sexual abuse."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a symptom that constitutes a diagnostic criterion of post-traumatic stress disorder and therefore it is expected to disappear if PTSD is properly treated by techniques such as exposure."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "You can work with the parents and also directly with the children."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Your treatment may include a sexual education component also in prepubertal children."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The involvement of parents includes their duty to protect and keep the child safe."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 207 | Point out the correct statement about the parent training program created by Barkley: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Its main objective is to improve the social and communication skills of children."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its main objective is to improve the children's self-control skills."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Prohibits the use of any type of punishment, including time out."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "One of its objectives is to reduce the conflicts that may arise in the school context."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Sessions are held with the children in parallel with those of the parents."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 208 | One of the following is NOT a guideline that should guide interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Point out which: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Use personalized teaching programs based on an evolutionary framework."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Intervene in a group setting to favor the acquisition of social skills."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Intervene in highly structured and predictable contexts."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Use learning procedures without mistakes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Favor motivation."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 209 | For which disorder of childhood is considered that the combination therapy (more psychological pharmacological treatment) is the most effective alternative ?: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Subclinical depression"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Enuresis"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The encopresis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Separation anxiety disorder."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 210 | For what disorder of ingestion and eating behavior of childhood is it recommended to use mass practice procedures ?: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The pica."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Bulimia nervosa."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The rumination."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Childhood anorexia"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The eating disorder of childhood and childhood."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 211 | For which of the following disorders has exposure with response prevention been used successfully: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The encopresis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tourette's syndrome"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "ADHD with predominance of hyperactivity / impulsive."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Tobacco use in adolescence."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The shyness in childhood."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 213 | Which of the following options is NOT a therapeutic component of the adolescent version of Lewinsohn's "Dealing with Depression Course" ?: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Self-control"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The relaxation"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The automodelado."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The participation of parents."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The resolution of conflicts."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 214 | About the treatment of depression in children and adolescents, point out the INCORRECT statement: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "In moderate to severe depression, antidepressant medication should only be offered in combination with a simultaneous psychological therapy."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Both cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy have strong evidence of its efficacy in children who have not yet reached puberty."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Guided self-help and non-directive supportive therapy are acceptable treatment alternatives for mild depression."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The minimum duration of psychological therapy in moderate to severe depression should be at least 3 months."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Both individual and family therapy are recommended treatment alternatives for moderate to severe depression."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 215 | What is the common denominator of well-established psychological treatments for childhood phobias ?: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The change of beliefs regarding the dangerousness of the phobic stimulus."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The induction of a feeling of relaxation or well-being in the presence of the phobic stimulus."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The interaction of the therapist with the phobic stimulus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The use of coping self-instructions."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The gradual relationship in vivo with the phobic stimulus."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 216 | In the psychological treatment of recurrent childhood nightmares: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The parents are trained to extinguish, ignoring them, the manifestations of anxiety of the child who has suffered a nightmare."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The main objective is to ensure the physical safety of the child."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Exposure techniques and systematic desensitization are considered well-established treatments."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The technique of review in imagination is the one that has received the greatest empirical support."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "There are no studies about the therapeutic efficacy of hypnosis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 217 | What is the phase described by Kübler-Ross in his theory about coping with death that is usually an initial reaction to the expectation of death ?: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Depression."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Anger or anger"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Negotiation."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Acceptance."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Negation."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 218 | What theoretical orientation prevailed in the first phase of Psychosomatic Medicine ?: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Behaviorism"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Psychoanalysis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Existentialism."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cognitivism"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Systemic Psychology"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 219 | What weight class corresponds to a Body Mass Index of 26 and what degree of risk does it entail for health ?: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Normal weight and zero risk."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Overweight grade I and zero risk."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Obesity grade I and moderate risk."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Obesity grade II and high risk."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Morbid obesity and very high risk."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 220 | What type of construct is evaluated by the Maslach Inventory ?: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Illness behavior"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Abnormal behavior of disease."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "General Adaptation Syndrome."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Burnout."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Resistant personality"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 221 | Which were the first authors who investigated the role that stressful life events could have on health ?: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Mechanic"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Matarazzo"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Zola"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Lazarus"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Holmes and Rahe."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 222 | With what scope is the Theory of the Melzack Gate and Wall related ?: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cancer."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "HIV infection"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Renal problems."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Pain."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cardiovascular disorders"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 223 | For what illness has Moorey and Greer's Adjuvant Psychological Therapy been developed ?: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cancer."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Irritable colon."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Bronchial asthma."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Hypertension."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 224 | What name do we give to the continuous increase of the caloric restriction that is required in the diet to continue losing weight ?: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Soil effect of the diets."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Roof effect of the diets."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Setpoint."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Self-imposed maintenance."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Effect of resistance."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 225 | What explanatory theoretical model of health behaviors emphasizes the importance of the perception of personal susceptibility to the disease and its severity ?: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Transheoretical model."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Reasoned Action Model."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Health Belief Model."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "PRECEDE-PROCEED model."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Competition Model."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 226 | The proportion of environmental variance due to the influences that a person receives from their family environment and that are shared by the rest of their family: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is the specific variance."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is called genotypic variance."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It matches the heritability."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is dismissed in the investigations."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is the variance coming from the shared environment."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 227 | In a normal distribution: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The average of the scores is zero."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The Standard Deviation is equal to the unit."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The Average is equal to the Median."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The Media does not have to coincide with the Median."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "You can not calculate Fashion."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 229 | When a person commits the "fundamental attribution error", he explains the behaviors that others perform based exclusively on: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The personal characteristics"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The situation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The culture to which they belong."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The socio-economic conditions."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Chance"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 230 | The gastrointestinal system releases a peptide hormone that increases during fasting and decreases after ingestion, called: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Leptin"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cholecystokinin"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ghrelin"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Insulin."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glycogen"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 231 | For classical automaticity theories, what characterizes automatic versus controlled processes ?: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The automatic processes are under control of the person's intentions."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Automatic processes consume great attentional capacity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Automatic processes process information only sequentially."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Automatic processes consume a lot of time."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Automatic processes do not have to access conscious knowledge."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 232 | The approach to the Psychological Evaluation from a constructivist model is characterized by the use of techniques: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Projectives that evaluate traits."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Subjectives that evaluate meanings."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Psychometrics that evaluate constructs."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Behaviors that evaluate repertoires."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Observationals that evaluate environmental variables."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 233 | Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? : | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They usually have difficulty organizing tasks and activities."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They usually answer before ending the question."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They usually have difficulty playing quietly."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They are usually stirred in their seat."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They usually interfere in the activities of others."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 234 | According to the phenomenon of social facilitation when a person develops a task poorly learned in the presence of others, the execution of said task: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It improves slightly."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It improves substantively."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It does not change."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Gets worse."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is not predictable."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_P | 2014 | psychology | 235 | The hormone that facilitates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, whose absence causes loss of large amounts of water in the urine, is called: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Oxytocin"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Vasopressin"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Dopamine"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cholecystokinin"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glutamate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 1 | The complexes of cobalt (III): | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are all neutral or anionic."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They form the basis of our knowledge about the properties and reaction mechanisms of octahedral complexes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They are usually flat-squares."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They present very fast substitution kinetics."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Almost all are prepared by replacing some ligands with others."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 2 | A homogeneous reaction between ideal gases that has reached chemical equilibrium can evolve (ie, move towards the formation of more reactants or products) in the following way if this equilibrium is altered: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "If the temperature is increased at constant pressure, it will go to where more moles will be produced."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "If the pressure is increased to constant temperature it will go to where the volume is higher."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "If an inert gas is added it will go to where this gas is consumed."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "If a gas that participates in the reaction is added, it will go to where more gas is produced."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "If the temperature is decreased, it will go to where the reaction is exothermic."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 3 | When the manganese is oxidized in the air at 1000 ºC it is completely transformed into Mn3O4. This is because: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Mn3O4 is the most volatile of all manganese oxides."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Mn3O4 can no longer react with oxygen."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "There are no manganese oxides with a higher oxidation state."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Mn3O4 is the most stable of all manganese oxides."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mn3O4 forms a protective layer that stops oxidation of the metal."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 4 | Comparing the redox behavior of the silver and sodium systems: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Na + is a good oxidant, because its system has a high reduction potential."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Ag is an excellent oxidant, so it does not rust in the air."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ag + is a good oxidant, and therefore easily reducible to metal."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The two metals dissolve in acid medium releasing H2"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The two metals dismute spontaneously in water."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 5 | Graphite: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It gives intercalation compounds with fluorine."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Reacts with sodium to give a covalent compound with C ̶ Na bond."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Reacts with sodium to give intercalation compounds that have the same distance between layers that pure graphite had."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Reacts with sodium to give intercalation compounds that are better electrical conductors than pure graphite."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It gives covalent compounds with bromine with C ̶ Br bond."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 6 | By heating in electric furnaces of silica, calcium carbide and coal, calcium silicides are obtained. One of them: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It has the composition CaSi2."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It does not react with water."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Does not react with sulfuric acid."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is a powerful oxidizing agent."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Its reaction with liquid water generates calcium silicate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 7 | The change of internal energy when a mole of solid is formed from gaseous ions at infinite separation, at atmospheric pressure and at 0 K is called energy: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Deformation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Of sublimation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Reticular"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Of condensation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Of liquefaction."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 8 | The term "uranium enrichment" refers to the increase in: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Amount of uranium present in a natural ore to be able to exploit it."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Amount of the isotope 235U with respect to natural isotopic abundance."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Amount of isotope 238U with respect to natural isotopic abundance."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Capacity of uranium present in its fluoride."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Atomic mass of uranium."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 9 | The Nernst equation: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is true both for reversible and highly irreversible galvanic cells."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It allows to calculate the electromotive force of a galvanic cell with only knowing the Gibbs energy standard of the chemical reaction of the cell."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It depends solely on the activities of the species that participate in the chemical reaction of the cell."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It relates the electromotive force of the cell with the activities of the species that participate in the chemical reaction of the cell and with the standard potential of the reaction."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is independent of the number of electrons transferred in the electrochemical reaction of the cell"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 10 | A mixture of iron (III) chloride and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (potassium ferricyanide) is used to detect extremely small amounts of hydrogen peroxide in the water. The presence of H2O2 causes, after a short time, an intense dark blue color. This is because hydrogen peroxide: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It reduces hexacyanoferrate (III) to hexacyanoferrate (II)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Oxide to hexacyanoferrate (III)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Oxide to iron (III) chloride."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Peroxo-cyano form complexes of Fe (III)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Oxidize cyanocomplexes to complex cyanate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 11 | For the industrial production of tin, the ore is split: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cinnabar."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Blende."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Wurtzita"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Casiterita."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Pyrite."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 12 | The mechanism of a homogeneous chemical reaction: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It may include reaction intermediates that are not any of the reactants or any of the products."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is completely defined by the chemical reaction as long as it reflects the correct stoichiometry of the reaction."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is only defined for complex reactions in which the reactants go through many stages before becoming products."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is totally independent of the law of reaction speed."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It does not depend on the temperature and is unique for the reaction between certain reagents."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 13 | The color centers or F centers are produced: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Exclusively in crystals that contain fluorine."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "By heating a crystal in the vapor of an alkali metal."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "By cooling a crystal in the vapor of an alkali metal."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "By heating a crystal in the presence of fluorine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "By cooling a crystal in the presence of fluorine."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 14 | The "templates" used for the preparation of synthetic zeolites rich in silicon consist of: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Structures with tetrahedral holes."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Structures with octahedral holes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Porous structures"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Large structures without gaps."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Large quaternary ammonium cations."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 15 | By cooling rapidly to room temperature and tempering an ordinary (low carbon) steel in water, the structure known as: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Perlite"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Spheroidite"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Bainita"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ferrita."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Martensita"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 16 | The ceramic materials are: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hard and fragile."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tenacious and ductile."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Soft and malleable."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ductile and malleable."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Soft and fragile"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 17 | The treatment consisting of keeping a material at an elevated temperature for a period of time and then cooling it slowly is called: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Normalized"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Tempered."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Annealing."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Restored"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Sintered"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 18 | Calcium hydroxide: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is prepared by adding water to calcium oxide."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a compound of intense red color."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It crystallizes when heated."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "In solution it remains unchanged in air for months."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is used to paint after neutralizing with HCl."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 19 | The Arrhenius equation: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It relates the speed of a chemical reaction with the so-called constant velocity and with the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It relates the constant of speed of a chemical reaction with the energy of activation of said reaction, so that if the energy, of activation is high the reaction is fast."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is only fulfilled for unimolecular reactions."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It relates the speed constant to the temperature through the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It allows to obtain the activation energy of an elementary reaction by only representing the decimal logarithm of the temperature versus the inverse of the reaction time."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 20 | If metallic copper is added to a solution of iron (III) chloride, it produces: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A precipitate of copper (II) chloride."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A solution of copper (II) chloride and iron (II) chloride."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A precipitate of iron (II) chloride."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A precipitate of metallic iron."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A solution of copper (I) chloride and iron (II) chloride."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 21 | The matrices of the composite materials can be: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Polymeric"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Polymeric or metallic, but not ceramic."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Polymeric or ceramic, but not metallic."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Metallic or ceramic, but not polymeric."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Polymeric or metallic or ceramic."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 22 | Calcium fluoride is a white solid that is found as such in nature (fluorspar or fluorite, which can occur in many colors) and is used as an important source of fluoride. Among its physical and chemical properties include: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Its solubility in water, which differentiates it from the other group 2 fluorides."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its resistance to concentrated sulfuric acid."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Its hydrolysis in water, which transforms it into CaO and HF."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Its relatively low melting point for a mineral."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Its favorable, although slow, oxidation to the air."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 23 | With respect to the distribution coefficient of a solute between two partially miscible liquids: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Because it is a quotient between solute concentrations in the two phases, it is independent of temperature."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It does not depend on the total amount of solute in both parts."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is useful to determine the molar mass of the solute."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "If one phase is water and the other an organic solvent, it is usually used in medical and environmental chemistry to know the distribution of drugs and contaminants between these two types of media."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It only has physical significance when the liquid phases are in contact through a semipermeable membrane."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 24 | Osmium oxide (VIII), OsO4: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a compound in a state of oxidation very common among transition metals."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is the only binary compound of osmium with oxygen."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It has the structure of rhenium trioxide."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is inert compared to alkaline hydroxides."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is used as an oxidant in organic chemistry."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 25 | In relation to the colligative properties of a solution it can be said that: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They have their origin in the decrease of the chemical potential of the solvent by the fact of adding a solute."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The decrease in the vapor pressure of the solvent to which a non-volatile solute is added is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The addition of a solute to a solvent causes the range of temperatures in which the solution is maintained in the liquid state to be lower than that corresponding to the pure solvent."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The molal constant of descent of the freezing point depends on the nature of the dissolved solute."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cryoscopic descent is a technique applicable to the determination of the molar mass of the solvent."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 26 | The SO2 molecule is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Linear, with the S atom in the center."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Linear, with one of the atoms of O in the center."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Angular, with the S atom in the center and with an angle close to 120º (equilateral triangle) and a free pair of electrons."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Angular, with one of the atoms of O in the center and with an angle of approximately 120º (equilateral triangle) and a pair of free electrons."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Angular, with the S atom in the center and with an angle close to 109º (tetrahedron) and two pairs of free electrons."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 27 | Gallium is the element that is under the aluminum in group 13 of the periodic table. Thus: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It burns in oxygen giving Ga2O."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is stable to air due to a protective oxide layer."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It dissolves very quickly in nitric acid."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is not soluble in basic water with hydrogen evolution."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It has a melting point a little higher than aluminum."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 28 | An isolated carbon atom is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Diamagnetic"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Ferromagnetic."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Paramagnetic, with an unpaired electron."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Paramagnetic, with two unpaired electrons."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Paramagnetic, with three unpaired electrons."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 29 | If we try to dissolve ammonia in water we observe that: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is completely soluble."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is not very soluble."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It should be poorly soluble, but the solubility increases markedly by acid-base reaction between them, resulting in an acid solution."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It should be poorly soluble, but the solubility increases markedly by redox reaction between them, releasing hydrogen."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is very soluble, favored by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the two compounds."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 30 | Among the partial reactions that lead to sodium carbonate by the Solvay Process, are: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The reaction between calcium carbonate and sodium chloride."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The precipitation of sodium hydrogen carbonate."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The formation of CaCO3 from CaO and CO2."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The reaction of ammonia with calcium oxide."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 31 | Van Deemter's velocity equation tries to justify the contributions of the different effects that cause the widening of the chromatographic band, which are basically of four types: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Eddy diffusion, dead volume and resistance to convection in both phases, mobile and stationary."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Length of the chromatographic column, longitudinal diffusion in axial and radical direction, and Joule effect."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Kinematic viscosity of the mobile phase, mass transport between the mobile phase and the stationary phase, transversal and longitudinal diffusion."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Effect of mass transfer in the stationary phase, in the mobile phase, Eddy diffusion and longitudinal molecular diffusion."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Molecular diffusion in axial direction, radical atomic diffusion, internal pressure of the column and viscosity of the mobile phase."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 32 | Polarography is an analytical technique that refers to: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The absorption of electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The emission of electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The voltametry with mercury electrode."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The use of palladium as a reference electrode."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "To the potential of asymmetry."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 33 | Plasma ICP is more suitable for rapid multielemental analysis than flame atomic absorption methods because: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The linearity interval is not wide, which allows for very sensitive analyzes."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The ICP has several possibilities to introduce the sample using different types of nebulizers."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They use two photomultiplier tubes, one for the ultraviolet region and the other for the visible one."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It has load-coupled silicon solid-state detectors that allow simultaneous monitoring of a large number of lines, reducing analysis time, sample volume and improving detection limits."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is not correct, because with the ICP plasma, multielemental analysis can not be done."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 34 | Liquid chromatography in normal phase: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It uses a column with apolar groups that interact with the apolar part of the analytes differentially."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a mode of operation that employs a polar stationary phase with a low polarity mobile phase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It uses highly polar mobile phases such as alkanes or chloroalkanes."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is a mode of operation that employs a non-polar surface with a mixed aqueous / organic mobile phase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It uses stationary phases with a large number of hydrophobic alkyl ligands."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 35 | Every experimental measurement is accompanied by the corresponding experimental error. Experimental errors are classified as systematic and random. On these last ones it is possible to be affirmed that: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They are due to a failure of the experiment or the equipment."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They generally cause a positive deviation from the measurement."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They are equally likely to be positive or negative."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They do not affect the final result because they are random."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "They affect exclusively the accuracy of the results obtained."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 36 | The ionization source known as Inductive Coupling Plasma used in Elemental Mass Spectrometry, is characterized by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Generate mostly monatomic ions."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Fragment the organic molecules in molecular ions that allow their identification."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Be a low energy source."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Run at high vacuum."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Reach detection limits of the order of mg L-1 for most elements."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 37 | In gas chromatography, derivatization is very common, with several objectives. One of those discussed below is not among them: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Increase the volatility of non-volatile compounds."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Avoid the decomposition of a compound, improving its stability."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Reduce the absorption on active surfaces of the walls of the column and the solid support."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Fragment the analyte in molecular ions of easier separation."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Improve the separation of closely related compounds with a very poor separation."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 38 | It is UV visible molecular absorption spectroscopy is called isosbestic point a: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The region of the spectrum where two species have the same radiation emission capacity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The pH at which two absorbing species have the same molecular absorption coefficient."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The temperature at which two absorbing species in equilibrium stop emitting radiation."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The wavelength at which two absorbing species in equilibrium has the same refractive index."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The wavelength at which the molecular absorption coefficients of two absorbent species in equilibrium, interconvertible to each other, are equivalent."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 39 | The solubility of copper hydroxide in the presence of a high concentration of ammonia: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Increased by formation of a complex ion of Cu2 + with NH3."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is not affected because there is no common ion effect."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Decreases by common ion effect."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It decreases upon oxidation of bromide to molecular bromine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It decreases because the hydroxides are more soluble in acidic medium."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 40 | In HPLC and under ideal conditions, the chromatographic peaks should have the shape of Gaussian peaks with perfect symmetry, although in reality, the peaks are not perfectly symmetrical and can present fronts and tails. The asymmetry factor: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is used to measure the relative retention of the two components of a sample so that in perfectly symmetrical compounds it is 0."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is used to measure the degree of symmetry of a peak and is defined at the peak width corresponding to 10% of the peak height."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is a parameter that is calculated by measuring the width at the half-height of the chromatographic peak."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It relates to each other two successive chromatographic peaks, so that an asymmetry factor 1 indicates a total resolution of them."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is a parameter related to the symmetry of the peaks, defined at a height equal to 10% of the width thereof."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 41 | A calomel electrode: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a mercury indicator electrode."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a reference electrode that contains nitrate ions."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is an indicator electrode for nitrate ions."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is a reference electrode that uses silver and silver chloride."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is a reference electrode that contains a saturated solution of mercury chloride (I)."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 42 | In atomic fluorescence, the emission of electromagnetic radiation called resonance florescence occurs when the excitation wavelength is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "100 nm higher than the emission wavelength."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "100 nm lower than the emission wavelength."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Same as the emission wavelength."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "100 nm greater than the excitation wavelength."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "100 nm less than the excitation wavelength."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 43 | The molar absorption coefficient of a compound: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It has dimensions of M-1 cm-1, it is constant at a specific wavelength and in a particular solvent."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Its dimensions are mol L-1 cm-2 and it is constant at a given wavelength and in a given solvent."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It has dimensions L mol-1 cm-3 and is constant throughout the spectral region and is not influenced by the solvent."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Its dimensions are Photons per mole and it varies with the wavelength and with the solvent."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It is dimensionless, constant and does not vary with the wavelength or with the solvent."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 44 | Capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) separates: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cations but can not separate anions."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Anions but can not separate cations."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cations and anions simultaneously."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Cations and anions but not simultaneously."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Only neutral molecules."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 45 | Could a glass electrode be used as a reference electrode ?: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Yes, if the glass electrode is a combined electrode."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Yes, if a mercury electrode is used as the indicator electrode."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "No, since the glass electrode is a selective electrode."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "No, because its foundation is not Nerstian."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Yes, if the determination is made in a buffered medium."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 46 | In the analysis of arsenic by graphite chamber losses of said element can be produced by volatilization during the carbonization stage. This fact can be minimized if: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "We raise the temperature during the carbonization stage."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "We increase the carbonization time."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "We add matrix modifiers that thermally stabilize the analyte."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "We lower the temperature during the carbonization stage."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "We modified the drying program to completely vaporize the solvent."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 47 | If we value 25 mL of an H2A acid in concentration 0.1000M (pKa1 = 5, pKa2 = 9) with NaOH, the pH when we have evaluated 50% of the initial acid will be: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "one."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "3."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "5."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "7"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "9"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 48 | An injection mode widely used in gas chromatography is the injection with split flow or "Split", in which: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The sample introduced through the septum vaporizes abruptly and is carried by the carrier gas towards the column."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The flow divider is closed, the sample is introduced, and it is reopened after a controlled period of time of the order of 15 to 60 s."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The solvent condenses at the entrance to the column forming a mixed phase of high thickness when the divider is closed."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The carrier gas that carries the sample, once evaporated, is divided into two parts: one passes to the column and the other is sent abroad."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The sample is introduced cold and a part is deposited on a filling and heated quickly to produce homogeneous evaporation of the solution."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 49 | A biosensor consists of: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A receiver, a transducer, and an enzymatic brand."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A receptor and an enzymatic brand."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A transducer and an enzymatic brand."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A receiver and a transducer."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A receptor and an antibody."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 50 | The chloride present in a solution can be determined volumetrically, by the Mohr method, using Ag (I) as a reagent. What indicator is used in this assessment ?: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "K2Cr2O7."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Fe2 (SO4) 3."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "K2CrO4."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "KSCN"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "FeSO4."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 51 | In the kinetic methods of analysis: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Slow reactions can be used."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is necessary that the reaction be completed in order to obtain the data of the equilibrium concentrations."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Low concentrations of a catalyst can be determined as long as the speed of the reaction does not depend on the concentration thereof."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is not necessary to rigorously control the experimental conditions."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mixtures of analytes can be determined as long as they all react with the same reagent at the same reaction rate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 52 | In the evaluation of a base with hydrochloric acid, it is known that the equivalence point appears at pH 5.54. If the bromocresol purple is used as indicator, whose turning interval is 5.2-6.8, the end point is observed at pH: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "6.0, with a small error by default."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "6.8, with an error by excess."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "5.2, with a small error for excess."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "5.54. There is no error"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "6.0, with an error for excess."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 53 | Clark's electrode is based on: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Potentiometric."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Potentiostatic"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Optical."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Amperometric."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Conductimetric"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 54 | A coulometric evaluation: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "You do not need the current performance to be 100%."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It does not need an indicator system of the end point."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Always use a potentiostatic system."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It uses a titrant that is generated electrolytically."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "You need a burette to add the titrant."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 56 | A basic component of spectrophotometers is the monochromator. Its function is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Connect the different wavelengths from the source to achieve greater light power."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Transform the optical signal measured by the detector into an electrical signal."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Disperse the light separating the wavelengths that compose it and select a narrow band."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Amplify the analytical signal by improving the signal-to-noise ratio."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Decrease the power of the light beam to eliminate the background noise of the spectrophotometer."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 57 | Turbidimetry and nephelometry are non-spectroscopic techniques based on the dispersion of light, with interesting applications in biochemical analysis. The criteria to be taken into account when choosing between nephelometry and turbidimetry in the analysis of a sample containing particles in suspension are: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The size of the suspended particles and the detector of the instrument."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The size of the suspended particles and the wavelength of the radiation used."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The wavelength of the radiation emitted and the shape of the suspended particles."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The size of the suspended particles and the color of them."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The color of the particles and their fluorescence."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 58 | In chemiluminescent measurements, the analyte to be determined must first pass to the excited state by: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Absorption of electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Emission of electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A chemical reaction"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Radio waves."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Sound waves."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 59 | When carrying out the validation of an analytical method it is necessary to take into account the following basic aspects: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Validate the analytical process as a whole, the range of concentrations in which it is applied, as well as the method in a single matrix to ensure selectivity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Validate the previous stages of treatment of the sample, the range of concentrations in which it is applied and the method in a single matrix to ensure the selectivity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Validate the final measurement method, validate the range of low concentrations (traces) in which it is applied and the method in a single matrix to ensure sensitivity."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "All that is required is to validate the instrumentation by means of suitable calibrations."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Validate the analytical process as a whole, the concentration interval in which it is applied and the method in each of the matrices to which it will be applied."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 60 | If an analytical method allows to determine 1 ppm of Pb, we are referring to: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "1 mg / L."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "1 mg / mL."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "1 μg / L."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "1 ng / L."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "1 ng / mL."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 61 | The alkaline error that occurs in glass electrodes for the average pH: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is due to the presence of an excessive concentration of protons that is replaced by sodium ions in the glass membrane."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Occurs at neutral pH due to the absence of protons."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It takes place at very alkaline pH, in which the sodium ion behaves as if it were a proton."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It appears as a consequence of the dehydration of the glass membrane."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It occurs when the electrode is introduced into pure water due to the dissolution of the sodium ions in the membrane."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 62 | Temperature is one of the important variables in the emission techniques, because: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The energy emitted by the atoms varies exponentially with it."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The population of atoms in the excited state decreases when it increases."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The population of atoms in the excited state increases when it decreases."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "By increasing the atoms evaporate and the analytical signal decreases."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "When increasing it increases the power of the electromagnetic radiation coming from the hollow cathode lamp."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 63 | A primary standard solution in a titration should not: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Be prepared from a high purity reagent."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Have an exactly known concentration."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Keep your composition over time."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "React instantly."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Give rise to secondary reactions."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 64 | A classification of gas chromatography detectors commonly found in the literature divides them into concentration and mass detectors, destructive and non-destructive, integral or differential and universal or selective. According to this classification: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The thermal conductivity detector is a selective detector."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The flame ionization detector responds to the concentration of the analyte."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The thermal conductivity detector responds to the concentration of the analyte."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The phosphorus and nitrogen detector (NPD) is a universal detector."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The thermocalorimeter detector is of the differential type."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 65 | The method of continuous variations is used in molecular absorption spectrophotometry to: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Determine the position of the isobestic point in a mixture of absorbent species."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Calculate the exact position of the absorption maximum of an absorbent complex."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Obtain the pH corresponding to the end point of the titration of an absorbing acid or base."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Calculate the stoichiometry of an absorbent complex."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Calculate the exact value of the dissociation constant of an absorbent acid."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 66 | A potentiometric titration is always done at i = 0: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Yes, because that is where the Nernst equation is fulfilled."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Yes, because it is an instrumental requirement."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "No, because there are potentiometric titrations at constant i."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "No, because potentiometric titrations are never made at i = 0."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Yes, as long as an indicator electrode and a reference electrode are used."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 67 | In the technique of analysis by injection in flow: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A relatively large volume of sample is injected into the system, obtaining signals at steady state."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A small volume of sample whose integrity is maintained by segmentation with air bubbles is introduced."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The sample maintains its integrity throughout the process as it is available in separate containers."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The responses obtained have a peak shape whose height depends on the concentration of the sample."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The main difficulty lies in the slowness of the measures."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 68 | The determination of dissolved oxygen in natural water samples, using the Winkler method, is based on the previous oxidation of Mn (II) in an alkaline medium to: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Mn (IV)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Mn (VI)"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Mn (VII)."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Mn (V)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Mn (I)."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 69 | The spectrum of Circular Discipism of a molecule gives information about: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The isosbestic point."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The isoelectric point."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Optically active chromophores."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Functional groups."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Molecular weight."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 70 | In an electrogravimetric analysis: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The increase in mass of the electrode indicates the amount of analyte."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Current performance must be 100%."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A platinum mesh is always used as a working electrode."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A reference electrode is always needed."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The solution does not need to be conductive."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 71 | In the determination of water hardness due to the presence of Ca2 + and Mg2 + ions, the titrant reagent is used: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Methyl orange."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A standard solution of potassium chloride."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Black Eriochrome T."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A standard solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A solution of AEDT previously standardized against a solution of potassium phthalate."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q | 2014 | chemistry | 72 | The solubility of calcium fluoride in a solution of pH <3 is higher than in pure water due to: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The absence of reactions of formation of hydroxylated calcium complexes at these pH values."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The lower hydration capacity of the precipitate particles at these pH values."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The absence of reactions of formation of soluble complexes of calcium and fluoride at these pH values."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The complex formation reactions of the Ca2 + ion with the hydronium."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The protonation reaction of the fluoride anion."
}
] |
Subsets and Splits