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Bearing in mind the above mentioned dictionary or popular meaning of the term
Ratio of the decision
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week",we think that in the context of sub-ss.(1) and (3) of s.5 of the Act,the term has to be taken to signify a cycle of seven days including Sundays
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The language in which the aforesaid sub-s.s are couched also shows that the Legislature intended that computation of maternity benefit is to be made for the entire period of the woman worker's actual absence i.e.for all the days including Sundays which may be wageless holidays falling within that period and not only for intermittent periods of six days thereby excluding Sundays falling within that period for if it were not so,the Legislature instead of using the words "for the period of her actual absence immediately preceding and including the day of her delivery and for the six weeks immediately following that day" would have used the words "for the working days falling within the period of her actual absence immediately preceding and including the day of her delivery and the six weeks immediately following that day but excluding the wageless days".Again the word "period" occurring in s.5(1) of the Act is a strong word
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It seems to emphasize,in our judgment,the continuous running of time and recurrence of the cycle of seven days
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It has also to be borne in mind in this connection that in interpreting provisions of beneficial pieces of legislation like the one in hand which is intended to achieve the object of doing social justice to women workers employed in the plantations and which squarely fall within the purview of Art.42 of the Constitution,the beneficent rule of construction which would enable the woman worker not only to subsist but also to make up her dissipated energy,nurse her child,preserve her efficiency as a worker and maintain the level of her previous efficiency and output has to be adopted by the Court
Ratio of the decision
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The interpretation placed by us on the phraseology of sub-ss.(1) and (3) of s.5 of the Act appears to us to be in conformity not only with the legislative intendment but also with Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Art.4 of Convention No.103 concerning Maternity Protection Convention
Statute
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Revised),1952 adopted by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation which are extracted below for facility of reference:- "Art.4
Statute
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1.While absent from work on maternity leave in accordance with the provisions of art.3,the woman shall be entitled to receive cash and medical benefits
Statute
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2.The rates of cash benefit shall be fixed by national laws or regulations so as to ensure benefit sufficient for the full and healthy maintenance of herself and her child in according with a suitable standard of living
Statute
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Thus we are of opinion that computation of maternity benefit has to be made for all the days including Sundays and rest days which may be wageless holidays comprised in the Actual period of absence of the woman extending upto six weeks preceding and including the day of delivery as also for all the days falling within the six weeks immediately following the day of delivery thereby ensuring that the woman worker gets for the said period not only the amount equalling 100 per cent of the wages which she was previously earning in terms of s.3 (n) of the Act but also the benefit of the wages for all the Sundays and rest days falling within the aforesaid two periods which would ultimately be conducive to the interests of both the woman worker and her employer
Ruling by Present Court
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In view of what we have stated above,we cannot uphold the view of the law expressed by the Full Bench of Kerala High Court in Malayalam Plantations Ltd
Ratio of the decision
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Inspector of Plantations Mundakayam & Ors.1974 Indlaw KER 91 (supra
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In the result,the appeal fails and is hereby dismissed
Ruling by Present Court
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Although costs have to be paid by appellant to respondent No.2 in terms of the Court's order dated October 30,1975,yet in view of the fact that the said respondent has not chosen to appear at the hearing,of the case and Mr
Ruling by Present Court
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K.N.Bhat has assisted the Court as amicus curiae,we direct the appellant to pay Rs.1,000/-to Mr
Ruling by Present Court
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Bhat as his fee
Ruling by Present Court
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Appeal dismissed
Ruling by Present Court
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This Appeal is by Special leave against the Judgment of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana confirming the conviction of the accused under Section 5(1)(c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1947 as also the sentence awarded by the Sessions Judge of one year's Rigorous Imprisonment and a fine of Rs
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2500, in default six months Rigorous Imprisonment
Ratio of the decision
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The facts of the case in brief are that in view of the Chinese invasion Air Field at Sirsa required to be extended for which purpose the Ministry of Defence, Govt
Facts
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of India took steps to acquire some lands of agriculturists pursuant to which a Notification dated November 27, 1962 was issued under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act 1894 for acquiring 51.79 acres of land situated in the State of Ahmedpur
Facts
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On the next day another Notification was issued under Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act on November 28, 1962 and in view of the emergency action under Section 17 was taken for obtaining possession of the land With a view to its development
Facts
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The lands which were acquired belonged to several land holders including Moti Ram and P.W. 12 Kewal Chand
Facts
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The Collector gave his award on 26-2-63 in respect of these lands, which actually measured 49.47 acres, at Rs
Facts
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1350 per acre amounting to Rs
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66,784.50 np
Facts
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Apart from this amount compensation was also awarded for standing crop amounting to Rs
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11,073.13
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np
Facts
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Before the land was actually acquired the Appellant who was a Major in the Military Engineering-Service was working as a Garrison Engineer and was inching of the extension
Argument
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He had in anticipation of acquisition and execution of the work appointed A. B. Ranadive, P.W. 14 as Assistant Garrison Engineer who was to be responsible, for all the matters connected with the acquisition of land, demarcation of boundaries as an Engineer Inching for execution of the contract and responsible for the maintenance of the Air Field
Argument
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The work of the extension of aerodynamic was entrusted to one Telu Ram, P.W. 8 Contractor, with whom the trusted to M.E.S. Department entered into an agreement on December 3, 1962
Argument
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This agreement was signed both by the Appellant and P.W. 14
Argument
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The work according to that agreement was to be done in 2 phases-first phase was to commence on 10th January 1963 and was to be completed by 9th October 1963
Argument
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After the completion of the first phase the second phase was to start on 10th October 1963 and completed by 9th May 1964
Argument
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Pursuant to this agreement it is said that -symbolic possession of the land which was acquired was taken over by the Tehsildar on 1st February 1963, after which at any rate it appears from Ex
Argument
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P. 24 that actual possession of this land was handed over by the said Tehsildar on 13th
Argument
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February 1963 to the appellant
Argument
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The receipt Ex.P.24
Argument
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24 bears the signature of N. L. Handa, the Tehsildar and of Sukhchain Lal jain, P.W. 11 on behalf of the Military Estate Officer and the Appellant
Argument
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From this receipt it is evident that possession of 50.12 acres was handed over by the Tehsildar and taken over by the Appellant and the Military Estate Officer Sukhchain Lal Jain
Argument
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The case of the prosecution initially was that after the land so acquired with the standing crop was taken possession of by the Appellant
Facts
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he sold the crop to Moti Ram and Kewal Chand for Rs
Facts
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2500 and facilitated the cutting and taking away of the crop by postponing the handing over of the possession to the contractor till the 5th April 1963 and misappropriated the money
Facts
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In respect of this allegation the First Information Report (Ex. P. 29) was issued on 14-1-64 in which the following statement is relevant
Facts
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It is alleged that Major Som Nath accused who is a Garrison Engineer Sirsa Air Field subsequently sometime in the months of March and April 1963 permitted the removal of the standing crop valued at Rs
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11073-13 by Shri Moti Ram and Kewal Chand etc
Facts
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after, accepting illegal gratification of Rs. 3000 from them
Facts
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Major Som Nath did not account for this amount in the Govt
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Revenues
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He thus. abused his position as a public servant and caused pecuniary advantage to said Shri Moti Ram and Kewal Chand by giving them standing crops worth Rs
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13,000 for a consideration of
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Rs
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3,000 only, which amount he accepted for his personal use and thereby also abused his official position and obtained pecuniary advantage, for himself in a sum of Rs
Facts
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The facts disclose the commission of the offence of criminal misconduct as defined in Section 5(1)(d) read with Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1947 by Major Som Nath accused
Statute
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A regular case, is therefore registered and entrusted to Inspector Baldev Rai Handa for investigation
Facts
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After this F.I.R. certain statements were recorded by the Military authorities being DA to DE,DM, DM/ 1, DN & DL of Mani gain, Mulkh, Raj, Ganpat Ram, Telu Ram, Kewal Chand and Sukhchain Lal Jain
Facts
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A chargesheet was filed against the Appellant under Section 5 (1) (c) and 5 (1) (d) read with 5 (2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act on 5-8-1966 after obtaining sanction from the Govt
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of India, Ministry of Home Affairs on llth April, 1966 as per Ex. P.23
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The Special Judge acquitted the Appellant of the second charge namely that being a public servant he had by corrupt or illegal means or by otherwise abusing his position as a public servant obtained for himself a sum of Rs
Ruling by Lower Court
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2,500 from Moti Ram of Sirsa for cutting the crops and thereby committed ,offence under Section 5(1)(d) punishable under Section 5(2
Ruling by Lower Court
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The accused was however convicted under the first charge for an offence under Section 5(1)(c) in that he being a Garrison Engineer incharge of the Air Field
Facts
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Sirsa and in that capacity entrusted with standing crops of Sarson, Gram and Lusan on 30 acres of land a part of 49 acres of land acquired by the Govt
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and which had been valued at Rs
Facts
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11,073.13 by the Revenue authorities, dishonestly or fraudulently allowed Moti Ram of Sirsa to misappropriate the said standing crop and thereby contravened Section 5(1)(c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act punishable with Section 5(2) of that Act
Facts
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Against that conviction and sentence he -appealed to the High Court which maintained the conviction and sentence
Facts
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The learned Advocate for the Appellant has meticulously taken us through the entire documentary and oral evidence and commented at length upon the various contradictions and incongruities in the case of the prosecution with a view to establishing that when the Appellant took possession of the land there was no crop standing on it-that tile possession of the land 'was in fact delivered to Telu Ram, Contractor on 10-1-1963; that the said Contractor had admitted 'that possession of the entire land was received by him; that he carried on the construction work in extending the Aerodrome; that 200/250 donkeys were also used for doing the work by reason of which the crop was damaged before Tehsildar had put the Appellant in possession of the land and as a matter of fact there was no crop thereon when he got the possession of the land
Argument
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It was also contended that the High Court had not considered the contradictions in the earlier statement made by some of the witnesses to the Military authorities and that it relied on many of the documents for affirming the conviction of the Appellant without their actually being put to, him under Section 342
Argument
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Before we consider these contentions it is necessary to determine another submission of the learned Advocate for the Appellant which goes to the root of the jurisdiction of the Court to try the offence, under Section 5(1)(c
Ratio of the decision
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If this contention is valid then the conviction of the accused cannot stand and therefore it is necessary to deal with this matter first
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It may be mentioned that though a complaint was made in the application for a certificate for leave to appeal to this Court that the learned Single Judge of the High Court should have acquitted the Appellant on the sole ground that there was no proper sanction for the prosecution of the Appellant under Section 5(1) (c) of the Prevention of the Corruption Act, this question does not seem to have been urged before the High Court
Ratio of the decision
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In any case we do not think that there is any validity in the submission
Ratio of the decision
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that the sanction given by the Govt
Ratio of the decision
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of India does not cover the trial of the charge under Section 5(1)(c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act
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For a sanction to be valid it must be established that the sanction was given in respect of the facts constituting the offence with which the accused is proposed to be charged
Ratio of the decision
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Though it is desirable that the facts should be referred to in the sanction itself, nonetheless if they do not appear on the face of it, the prosecution must establish aliunde by evidence that those facts were placed before the sanctioning authorities
Ratio of the decision
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It is therefore necessary to first examine the order of sanction to ascertain on what facts it has been accorded
Ratio of the decision
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The sanction that has been accorded is in the following terms: 11th April 1966
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Whereas it is alleged that Major Som Nath...... while functioning as Garrison Engineer, M.E.S., Air Field at Sirsa from 13-2-63 to 54-1963 by corrupt or illegal means or by otherwise abusing his position, as such public servant, obtained pecuniary advantage of Rs
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2500 for allowing the standing crops to be cut from the land acquired for the extension of Air Field
Facts
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Sirsa; and or he dishonestly or fraudulently realised and misappropriated Rs
Facts
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2500 during the aforesaid period as the value of the crops cut from the land acquired for the extension of Air Field
Facts
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Sirsa, which crops had been entrusted to him as a public servant and he instead of depositing the said sale price into the Govt
Facts
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Treasury converted it to his own use; And whereas the said acts of Major Som Nath.. constituted offences punishable under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, read With Section 5 (1) (c) and (d
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Act No. 11 of 1947) of the said Act and Section 409 of the I.P.C
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And whereas the Central Govt
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after fully and carefully examining the materials before it in regard to the said allegations and circumstances of the case, consider that Major Som Nath...... should be prosecuted in a court of law for the said offences
Facts
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Now therefore, the Central Govt both hereby accord sanction under Section 197-Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 5 of 1898) and Section 6(1)(a) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 (Act II of 1947) for the prosecution of Maj
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Som Nath for the said offences and for any other offences punishable under the provision of law in respect of the aforesaid acts by the Court of competent jurisdiction
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By order and in the name of the President. Sd/- (A. P. Veera Raghavan
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Deputy Secretary to the Govt
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of India
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From the above order it is apparent that the facts which the Central Govt
Ratio of the decision
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considered for the purposes of according sanction were (a) that the Appellant as a public servant was entrusted with crops situated on the land acquired for the extension of Air Field, Sirsa ; (b) that by abusing his position as a public servant he allowed the standing crops to be cut from the said land
Ratio of the decision
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c
Ratio of the decision
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that by corrupt or illegal means and by abusing his position as a public servant he obtained pecuniary advantage Of Rs
Ratio of the decision
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2500 as the value of the crops to be cut from the land and/or he dishonestly or fraudulently misappropriated that sum by converting it into his own use instead of depositing the said sale price in the Govt
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Treasury
Ratio of the decision
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On these facts and after applying its mind as spoken to by P.W. 10 Kalra the Government accorded its, sanction for prosecution of the offences punishable under Section 5(2) read with Section 5(1)(c) and 5(1)(d
Statute
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The question therefore Would be whether these facts were sufficient to sustain the sanction under 5(1)(c) even if the charge under 5(1)(d) had failed
Ratio of the decision
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