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We are not satisfied that the petitioners have made out a case for consideration by this Court
Ratio of the decision
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The matter rests purely upon the appreciation of evidence on record and does not give rise to any question of such importance as to be decided by this Court u/art.136 of the Constitution
Ratio of the decision
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It is clear from the findings recorded by the trial court and the appellate court: "1.That the respondents have not undertaken the production of the said serial at the instance of the petitioners
Ratio of the decision
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G.K.Pendharkar,the Managing Director of petitioner No.1 was asked to come to view the format of the programme and the petitioners were not even acquainted with the format of the serial while the respondents had taken concrete steps in this regard prior to the letter dated 11 July 1984
Ratio of the decision
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2.That the petitioners had agreed to sponsor only 26 episodes whereas the respondents had agreed to produce 52 episodes and had given a firm commitment to that effect to Doordarshan as is clear from the letter dated 12 July 1984 sent by the respondents to Doordarshan
Ratio of the decision
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The trial court thus rightly noted that there was no agency between the parties
Ratio of the decision
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3.That the titles of each episode indicated that respondent No.2 is the producer of the said serial and the petitioners are only the sponsors
Ratio of the decision
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As late as on 22 April 1985,the petitioners communicated their displeasure on this display in the episodes as to the titles
Ratio of the decision
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However,the titles continued to show Mr
Ratio of the decision
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S.S.Oberoi as the producer of the serial and the petitioners did not withhold payments
Ratio of the decision
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4.That the courts below have refuted the claim of the petitioners that the bill dated 19 March 1984 establishes the fact that the production work had been started by the respondents at the behest of the petitioners
Ratio of the decision
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It has been proved that the said bill was ante-dated and raised by the respondents in July,1984 ostensibly for the purpose of benefiting the petitioners for their obtaining tax concessions
Ratio of the decision
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5.That the Doordarshan,which have been impleaded as a party,in their written statement stated that they recognize the respondents as producers of the said serial and recognize the petitioners as sponsors only
Ratio of the decision
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6.That the evidence of Mr
Ratio of the decision
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S.S.Gill,who gave evidence on behalf of the Information & Broadcasting Ministry that he was not acquainted with Mr
Ratio of the decision
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Pendharkar and that Doordarshan had no direct connection with the petitioners but only with the respondents as producers or the Director stood un-impeached
Ratio of the decision
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In his further evidence,Mr
Ratio of the decision
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Gill stated that some time in the month of May/June,1984 he had met Kundan Shah and requested to make a comedy serial for Doordarshan which clearly indicated that it is only the respondents who were dealing with Doordarshan
Ratio of the decision
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7.That the video rights were assigned to Esquire Distributing & Servicing Pvt
Ratio of the decision
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Ltd.by the respondents pursuant to letters dated 14 December 1984 and 15 November 1985 and had received royalty for the video rights and the original U-matic cassettes were returned to them by Esquire Distributing & Servicing Pvt
Ratio of the decision
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Ltd.as their property
Ratio of the decision
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8.That there was no transfer of rights in favour of the petitioners by the respondents in the aforesaid letters and no consideration whatsoever was paid to the respondents for issuing the said letters which have no legal consequences and it was after the petitioners received the letter dated 19 October 1985 from Esquire Distributing & Servicing Pvt
Ratio of the decision
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Ltd.that the respondents were asked by the petitioners to issue another letter in this regard
Ratio of the decision
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Thus the pleadings and the evidence on record clearly indicated that the respondents were not the agents of the petitioners for the purpose of producing the said serial
Ratio of the decision
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The aggregate amount of Rs.76.50 lakhs which was paid to the respondents for 60 episodes is not the amount for cost of production but the fixed price for sponsoring the said serial in order to link up their advertisement with the serial and avail substantial benefit of concessional rate under the scheme envisaged by Doordarshan
Ratio of the decision
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The respondents were not liable to render accounts to the petitioners who paid them a fixed sum for sponsoring the programme
Ratio of the decision
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If the expenses were less,the petitioners did not ask for a refund and the profit or loss was entirely of the respondents
Ratio of the decision
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It is clear that the bills that have been raised were only to accommodate the petitioners from the circumstances narrated above
Ratio of the decision
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However,the learned counsel for the petitioners made elaborate reference to the Income Tax Act,1961 and the provisions whether such availment of benefit could be taken or not pursuant to the amendment effected to the provisions relating to computation of business income at different stages may not be very germane to the present case
Ratio of the decision
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It is probable that the respondents had obliged the petitioners by issuing these bills because the bills cannot be read in isolation but with reference to surrounding circumstances
Ratio of the decision
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Therefore,the view taken by the courts below in this regard appears to be correct
Ratio of the decision
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So far as the contentions raised on the basis of S.17 of the Copyright Act is concerned,it is clear that the petitioners were not able to establish that the respondent Nos.1 to 4 produced the said serial (1) as the agents of the petitioners; (2) in the course of their employment with the petitioners; (3) for valuable consideration paid by the petitioners to them; and (iv) at the instance of the petitioners
Ratio of the decision
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When these factors had not been established and the suit is itself not dependent on the interpretation of S.17 of the Copyright Act,pleadings and issues raised did not attract the same
Ratio of the decision
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On appreciation of evidence,the courts below have come to the conclusion that the respondents did not make the said serial for valuable consideration at the instance of the petitioners and in view of the findings of fact,the claim of copyright or ownership in respect of the serial u/s.17(b) and (c) would not arise at all
Ratio of the decision
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Thus we find absolutely no merit in this petition
Ruling by Present Court
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We decline to interfere with the order made by the High Court affirming the decree of the trial court
Ruling by Present Court
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Petition dismissed
Ruling by Present Court
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Appellant before us was detained u/s.3 of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities
Facts
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Act,1974
Facts
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for short "COFEPOSA
Facts
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He is the Managing Director of a company,registered and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act,known as M/s
Facts
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Sundesh Springs Private Limited
Facts
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It was an exporter and held a valid licence therefor
Facts
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The company was to export products of alloy steel
Facts
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Upon exporting of alloy steel,it was entitled to credits under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB
Facts
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Scheme introduced by the Government of India with an object of encouraging exports
Facts
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He allegedly misdeclared both the value and description of goods upon procuring fake and false bills through one Prabhjot Singh
Facts
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The said Prabhjot Singh was said to have been operating three firms,viz
Facts
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M/s
Facts
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S.P.Industrial Corporation,M/s
Facts
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Aaysons (India) and M/s
Facts
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P.J.Sales Corporation,Ludhiana
Facts
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It was allegedly found that non-alloy steel,bars,rods,etc.of value ranging from Rs.15/-to Rs.17/-per kg.were exported in the guise of alloy steel forgings,bars,rods,etc.by declaring their value thereof from Rs.110/-to Rs.150/-per kg.and the export proceeds over and above the actual price were being routed through Hawala Channel
Facts
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The officers of the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) searched the factory as well as the residential premises of Appellant and that of Prabhjot Singh
Facts
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Various incriminating documents were recovered
Facts
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Appellant and the said Prabhjot Singh made statements u/s.108 of the Customs Act
Facts
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Prabhjot Singh allegedly admitted to have supplied fake bills to units owned and controlled by Appellant on commission basis without actual supply of the goods
Facts
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It was also found that Appellant had declared goods exported as "alloy steel" whereas after the tests conducted by Central Revenue Control Laboratory,they were found to be "other than alloy steel",i.e.,non-alloy
Facts
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The Consul (Economic),Consulate General of India at Dubai allegedly confirmed the existence of a parallel set of export invoices
Facts
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Invoices with a higher value were presented before the Indian Customs Authorities with a view to avail DEPB incentives but in fact invoices with a lower value were presented for clearance
Facts
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On the aforementioned allegations,an order of detention was issued on 5.4.2005.Appellant moved for issuance of a writ of Habeas Corpus before the High Court of Judicature of Punjab and Haryana
Facts
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The said writ petition was dismissed by an order dated 23.11.2005 by a learned Single Judge
Facts
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A letters patent appeal,concededly which was not maintainable,was filed thereagainst which was dismissed by reason of the impugned judgment
Facts
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Although before the High Court,the principal ground urged on behalf of Appellant in questioning the legality or validity of the order of detention was unexplained delay in passing the order of detention which did not find favour with the High Court
Argument
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Before us,several other grounds,viz.,non placement of vital/ material documents before the detaining authority,non-supply of documents relied on or referred to in the order of detention as also non-application of mind on the part of the detaining authority had been raised
Ratio of the decision
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In the meantime admittedly the period of detention being over,Appellant had been set at large
Ratio of the decision
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He was released from custody on 17.5.2006
Ratio of the decision
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This appeal,however,has been pressed as a proceeding under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act,1976 (for short "SAFEMA"),has been initiated against Appellant
Statute
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We may first deal with the question of unexplained delay
Ratio of the decision
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In this regard we may notice the following dates
Ratio of the decision
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On 13.10.2003,Appellant was arrested
Facts
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He was discharged on bail on 6.1.2004.Several inquiries were conducted both inside and outside India
Facts
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A report in relation to overseas inquiry was received on 12.5.2004.On 25.6.2004 proposal of detention was sent which was approved on 2.12.2004.On
Facts
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20.12.2004,the authorities of the DRI stated that transactions after 11.10.2003 were not under scrutiny
Facts
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Furthermore,the authorities of the DRI by a letter dated 28.02.2005 requested the Bank to defreeze the bank accounts of Appellants
Facts
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The order of detention was passed on 5.4.2005
Facts
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The learned Additional Solicitor General,who appeared on behalf of Respondent has drawn our attention to a long list of dates showing that searches were conducted and statements of a large number of persons had to be recorded
Argument
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The final order of detention was preceded not only on the basis of raids conducted in various premises,recording of statements of a large number of witnesses,carrying on intensive inquiries both within India and outside India,obtaining test reports from three different laboratories but also the fact that despite notices Appellant and his associates did not cooperate with the investigating authorities
Argument
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They initiated various civil proceedings from time to time,obtained various interim orders and,thus,delay in passing the order of detention cannot be said to have not been explained
Argument
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Learned counsel would contend that keeping in view the nature and magnitude of an offence under COFEPOSA,a distinction must be made between an order of detention passed under COFEPOSA vis-a-vis other Acts as per the law laid down by this Court in Rajendrakumar Natvarlal Shah v
Argument
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State of Gujarat and Others [(1988) 3 SCC 153 1988 Indlaw SC 71] and in that view of the matter the High Court must be held to have arrived at a correct decision
Argument
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Indisputably,delay to some extent stands explained
Ratio of the decision
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But,we fail to understand as to why despite the fact that the proposal for detention was made on 2.12.2004,the order of detention was passed after four months
Ratio of the decision
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We must also notice that in the meantime on 20.12.2004,the authorities of the DRI had clearly stated that transactions after 11.10.2003 were not under the scrutiny stating: "In our letter mentioned above,your office was requested not to issue the DEPB scripts to M/s
Ratio of the decision
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Girnar Impex Limited and M/s
Ratio of the decision
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Siri Amar Exports,only in respect of the pending application,if any,filed by these parties up to the date of action i.e.11.10.2003 as the past exports were under scrutiny being doubtful as per the intelligence received in this office
Ratio of the decision
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This office never intended to stop the export incentives occurring to the parties,after the date of action i.e.11.10.2003.In the civil,your office letter
Ratio of the decision
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No.B.L.-2/Misc
Ratio of the decision
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Am-2003/Ldh dated 17.05.2004 is being referred,which is not received in this office
Ratio of the decision
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You are,therefore,requested to supply photocopy of the said letter to the bearer of this letter as this letter is required for filing reply to the Hon'ble Court
Ratio of the decision
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Furthermore,as noticed hereinbefore,the authorities of the DRI by a letter dated 28.02.2005 requested the Bank to defreeze the bank accounts of Appellant
Ratio of the decision
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The said documents,in our opinion,were material
Ratio of the decision
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It was,therefore,difficult to appreciate why order of detention could not be passed on the basis of the materials gathered by them
Ratio of the decision
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It is no doubt true that if the delay is sufficiently explained,the same would not be a ground for quashing an order of detention under COFEPOSA,but as in this case a major part of delay remains unexplained
Ratio of the decision
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We may also place on record that Sen.,J.in Rajendrakumar Natvarlal Shah 1988 Indlaw SC 71 (supra),while laying down various stages of the procedures leading to an order of detention,opined that rule as to unexplained delay in taking action is not inflexible and a detention under COFEPOSA may be considered from a different angle
Precedent
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The question came up for consideration recently in Rajinder Arora v
Precedent
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Union of India and Others [(2006) 4 SCC 796 2006 Indlaw SC 87] wherein it has been held: "Furthermore no explanation whatsoever has been offered by the Respondent as to why the order of detention has been issued after such a long time
Precedent
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The said question has also not been examined by the authorities before issuing the order of detention
Precedent
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context
The question as regard delay in issuing the order of detention has been held to be a valid ground for quashing an order of detention by this Court in T.D.Abdul Rahman v
Precedent
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context
State of Kerala and others [AIR 1990 SC 225 1989 Indlaw SC 205] stating: "The conspectus of the above decisions can be summarised thus: The question whether the prejudicial activities of a person necessitating to pass an order of detention is proximate to the time when the order is made or the live-link between the prejudicial activities and the purpose of detention is snapped depends on the facts and circumstances of each case
Precedent
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context