Gustav0-Freind/100m · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 1 5.12k
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"= = = Gartner's duct = = =
"
"
"
" Gartner's duct, also known as Gartner canal and ductus longitudinalis epoophori, is a potential embryological remnant in human female development of the mesonephric duct in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It was discovered and described in 1822 by Hermann Treschow Gartner.
"
" Gartner's duct is located in the uterus' broad ligament. Its position is parallel with the lateral uterine tube and lateral walls of vagina and cervix.
"
" The paired mesonephric ducts in the male, in contrast, go on to form the paired epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle.
"
" In the female they may persist between the layer of the broad ligament of the uterus and in the wall of the vagina.
"
" These may give rise to Gartner's duct cysts.
"
"
"
"= = = City of Bayswater = = =
"
"
"
" The City of Bayswater is a local government area in the Western Australian capital city of Perth, about northeast of Perth's central business district. The City covers an area of and has a population of 65,050 as at the 2016 Census. The City of Bayswater is a member of the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council.
"
" The Bayswater Road District was created on 5 March 1897. On 1 July 1961, it became a shire following the enactment of the ""Local Government Act 1960"". On 29 October 1983 it attained city status. In 1998 the suburb of Maylands was transferred into the City of Bayswater from the City of Stirling. The portion of the suburb of Noranda north of Widgee Road was transferred to the City of Bayswater from the City of Swan on 1 July 2016.
"
" The City is divided into 4 wards. The Mayor and Deputy Mayor is each elected from among the councillors.
"
" Current Mayor: Cr Dan Bull (Oct 2017–present).
"
" Current Deputy Mayor: Cr Filomena Piffaretti (Oct 2019–present)
"
"
"
"= = = Neophobia = = =
"
"
"
" Neophobia is the fear of anything new, especially a persistent and abnormal fear. In its milder form, it can manifest as the unwillingness to try new things or break from routine. In the context of children the term is generally used to indicate a tendency to reject unknown or novel foods. Food neophobia, as it may be referred to, is an important concern in pediatric psychology.
"
" In biomedical research, neophobia is often associated with the study of taste.
"
" The word ""neophobia"" comes from the Greek νέος, ""neos"", meaning ""new, young"", and φόβος, ""phobos"", for ""fear"". ""Cainophobia"" comes from the Greek καινός, ""kainos"", meaning ""new, fresh"". Alternative terms for neophobia include metathesiophobia, prosophobia, cainotophobia (or cainophobia), and kainophobia (or kainolophobia).
"
" Norway rats and house mice are thought to have evolved increased levels of neophobia as they became commensal with humans because humans were routinely devising new methods (e.g., mousetraps) to eradicate them.
"
" Neophobia is also a common finding in aging animals, although apathy could also explain, or contribute to explain, the lack of exploratory drive systematically observed in aging. Researchers argued that the lack of exploratory drive was likely due neurophysiologically to the dysfunction of neural pathways connected to the prefrontal cortex observed during aging.
"
" Robert Anton Wilson theorized in his book ""Prometheus Rising"" that neophobia is instinctual in people after they begin to raise children. Wilson's views on neophobia are mostly negative, believing that it is the reason human culture and ideas do not advance as quickly as our technology. His model includes an idea from Thomas Kuhn's ""The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"", which is that new ideas, however well proven and evident, are implemented only when the generations who consider them ""new"" die and are replaced by generations who consider the ideas accepted and old.
"
" Food neophobia in humans has been described as the fear of eating new or unfamiliar foods. It differs from selective eating disorder. Food neophobia is particularly common in toddlers and young children. It is often related to an individual’s level of sensation-seeking, meaning a person's willingness to try new things and take risks. Not only do people with high food neophobia resist trying new food, they also rate new foods that they do try as lower than neophilics.
"
" It is very typical for people to generally have a fear of new things and to prefer things that are familiar and common. Most people experience food neophobia to a certain extent, though some people are more neophobic than others. A measure of individual differences in food neophobia is the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), which consists of a 10-item survey that requires self-reported responses on a seven-point Likert scale. There is also a separate scale geared towards children called the Food Neophobia Scale for Children (FNSC), in which the parents actually do the reporting for the survey.
"
" In animals it has been shown that food neophobia is a fear of novelty lasting only a short duration (minutes at most), which is distinct from dietary conservatism, the prolonged refusal to add a novel food to the diet, which can last many days or even years. Dietary conservatism has never yet been demonstrated in humans, although the genetically influenced behaviour of ""fussy eating"" in children resembles the behaviour seen in animals.
"
" Food neophobia relates to the omnivore's dilemma, a phenomenon that explains the choice that omnivores, and humans in particular, have between eating a new food and risking danger or avoiding it and potentially missing out on a valuable food source. Having at least some degree of food neophobia has been noted to be evolutionarily advantageous as it can help people to avoid eating potentially poisonous foods.
"
" Genetics seem to play a role in both food neophobia and general neophobia. Research shows that about two-thirds of the variation in food neophobia is due to genetics. A study done on twin pairs showed an even higher correlation, indicating that genetics do play a factor in food neophobia.
"
" Psychosocial factors can also increase a child's chances of developing food neophobia. Young children carefully watch parental food preferences, and this may produce neophobic tendencies with regard to eating if parents tend to avoid some foods.
"
" Another cause includes being more sensitive than average to bitter tastes, which may be associated with a significant history of middle ear infection or an increased perception of bitter foods, known as a supertaster.
"
" Sometimes food neophobia is more directly caused by an environmental occurrence. For example, with poison-induced neophobia, a food-poisoning experience can lead to people not only avoiding the flavor(s) they associate with creating their illness but also avoiding all novel flavors during the period directly following the poisoning experience. This can be seen as the body’s attempt to prevent any new and risky food items from entering the body.
"
" Besides food poisoning, food neophobia also arises from the person associating a negative experience with new foods, for example suffering from gastroenteritis or other gastrointestinal illnesses after eating undercooked food.
"
" Another environmental factor influencing levels of food neophobia is the current arousal level of the individual. Trying a new food is an arousing experience, and if the person prefers to maintain a lower arousal level in general, then he or she might avoid new foods as a method of managing his or her current arousal level. Also, if people are currently experiencing situations with a lot of novelty and are therefore more aroused, they might be reluctant to try new foods as doing so would increase their arousal level to an uncomfortable level. This example can help explain why Americans visiting a foreign country might be less likely to try a new food item and instead gravitate towards the familiar McDonald’s food.
"
" Some efforts to address this situation, such as pressuring the child to eat a disliked food or threatening punishment for not eating it, tend to exacerbate the problem.
"
" Effective solutions include offering non-food rewards, such as a small sticker, for tasting a new or disliked food, and for parents to model the behavior they want to see by cheerfully eating the new or disliked foods in front of the children.
"
" Exposing someone to a new food increases the chances of liking that food item. However, it is not enough to merely look at a new food. Novel food must be repeatedly tasted in order to increase preference for eating it. It can take as many as 15 tries of a novel food item before a child accepts it. There also appears to be a critical period for lowering later food neophobia in children during the weaning process. The variety of solid foods first exposed to children can lower later food refusal. Some researchers believe that even the food variety of a nursing mother and the consequent variety of flavors in her breastmilk can lead to greater acceptance of novel food items later on in life. Food neophobia does tend to naturally decrease as people age.
"
"
"
"= = = City of Belmont = = =
"
"
"
" The City of Belmont is a local government area in the inner eastern suburbs of the Western Australian capital city of Perth, located about east of Perth's central business district on the south bank of the Swan River. The City covers an area of , maintains 225 km of roads and had a population of almost 40,000 as at the 2016 Census. The City of Belmont is a member of the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council
"
" Belmont contains Perth's domestic and international airports which account for 33.7% of the City of Belmont's land area.
"
" The Belmont Road District was created on 2 December 1898. On 4 October 1907, it was renamed Belmont Park. From 1906 until 1909, Burswood Island was part of the district.
"
" On 1 July 1961, the Belmont Park Road District became the Shire of Belmont following the enactment of the ""Local Government Act 1960"". On 17 February 1979 it attained city status.
"
" Ascot and Belmont are suburbs long associated with horses, being close to the race tracks (see Ascot Racecourse and Belmont Park). Until 1956 the Belmont Spur Railway linked Bayswater on the Perth to Midland line to the Ascot race track.
"
" The City is divided into four wards:
"
"
"
"= = = Macon, Belgium = = =
"
"
"
" Macon is a town located in the municipality of Momignies in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

"

"= = = Gartner's duct = = =

"

" Gartner's duct, also known as Gartner canal and ductus longitudinalis epoophori, is a potential embryological remnant in human female development of the mesonephric duct in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It was discovered and described in 1822 by Hermann Treschow Gartner.

"

" Gartner's duct is located in the uterus' broad ligament. Its position is parallel with the lateral uterine tube and lateral walls of vagina and cervix.

"

" The paired mesonephric ducts in the male, in contrast, go on to form the paired epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle.

"

" In the female they may persist between the layer of the broad ligament of the uterus and in the wall of the vagina.

"

" These may give rise to Gartner's duct cysts.

"

"= = = City of Bayswater = = =

"

" The City of Bayswater is a local government area in the Western Australian capital city of Perth, about northeast of Perth's central business district. The City covers an area of and has a population of 65,050 as at the 2016 Census. The City of Bayswater is a member of the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council.

"

" The Bayswater Road District was created on 5 March 1897. On 1 July 1961, it became a shire following the enactment of the ""Local Government Act 1960"". On 29 October 1983 it attained city status. In 1998 the suburb of Maylands was transferred into the City of Bayswater from the City of Stirling. The portion of the suburb of Noranda north of Widgee Road was transferred to the City of Bayswater from the City of Swan on 1 July 2016.

"

" The City is divided into 4 wards. The Mayor and Deputy Mayor is each elected from among the councillors.

"

" Current Mayor: Cr Dan Bull (Oct 2017–present).

"

" Current Deputy Mayor: Cr Filomena Piffaretti (Oct 2019–present)

"

"= = = Neophobia = = =

"

" Neophobia is the fear of anything new, especially a persistent and abnormal fear. In its milder form, it can manifest as the unwillingness to try new things or break from routine. In the context of children the term is generally used to indicate a tendency to reject unknown or novel foods. Food neophobia, as it may be referred to, is an important concern in pediatric psychology.

"

" In biomedical research, neophobia is often associated with the study of taste.

"

" The word ""neophobia"" comes from the Greek νέος, ""neos"", meaning ""new, young"", and φόβος, ""phobos"", for ""fear"". ""Cainophobia"" comes from the Greek καινός, ""kainos"", meaning ""new, fresh"". Alternative terms for neophobia include metathesiophobia, prosophobia, cainotophobia (or cainophobia), and kainophobia (or kainolophobia).

"

" Norway rats and house mice are thought to have evolved increased levels of neophobia as they became commensal with humans because humans were routinely devising new methods (e.g., mousetraps) to eradicate them.

"

" Neophobia is also a common finding in aging animals, although apathy could also explain, or contribute to explain, the lack of exploratory drive systematically observed in aging. Researchers argued that the lack of exploratory drive was likely due neurophysiologically to the dysfunction of neural pathways connected to the prefrontal cortex observed during aging.

"

" Robert Anton Wilson theorized in his book ""Prometheus Rising"" that neophobia is instinctual in people after they begin to raise children. Wilson's views on neophobia are mostly negative, believing that it is the reason human culture and ideas do not advance as quickly as our technology. His model includes an idea from Thomas Kuhn's ""The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"", which is that new ideas, however well proven and evident, are implemented only when the generations who consider them ""new"" die and are replaced by generations who consider the ideas accepted and old.

"

" Food neophobia in humans has been described as the fear of eating new or unfamiliar foods. It differs from selective eating disorder. Food neophobia is particularly common in toddlers and young children. It is often related to an individual’s level of sensation-seeking, meaning a person's willingness to try new things and take risks. Not only do people with high food neophobia resist trying new food, they also rate new foods that they do try as lower than neophilics.

"

" It is very typical for people to generally have a fear of new things and to prefer things that are familiar and common. Most people experience food neophobia to a certain extent, though some people are more neophobic than others. A measure of individual differences in food neophobia is the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), which consists of a 10-item survey that requires self-reported responses on a seven-point Likert scale. There is also a separate scale geared towards children called the Food Neophobia Scale for Children (FNSC), in which the parents actually do the reporting for the survey.

"

" In animals it has been shown that food neophobia is a fear of novelty lasting only a short duration (minutes at most), which is distinct from dietary conservatism, the prolonged refusal to add a novel food to the diet, which can last many days or even years. Dietary conservatism has never yet been demonstrated in humans, although the genetically influenced behaviour of ""fussy eating"" in children resembles the behaviour seen in animals.

"

" Food neophobia relates to the omnivore's dilemma, a phenomenon that explains the choice that omnivores, and humans in particular, have between eating a new food and risking danger or avoiding it and potentially missing out on a valuable food source. Having at least some degree of food neophobia has been noted to be evolutionarily advantageous as it can help people to avoid eating potentially poisonous foods.

"

" Genetics seem to play a role in both food neophobia and general neophobia. Research shows that about two-thirds of the variation in food neophobia is due to genetics. A study done on twin pairs showed an even higher correlation, indicating that genetics do play a factor in food neophobia.

"

" Psychosocial factors can also increase a child's chances of developing food neophobia. Young children carefully watch parental food preferences, and this may produce neophobic tendencies with regard to eating if parents tend to avoid some foods.

"

" Another cause includes being more sensitive than average to bitter tastes, which may be associated with a significant history of middle ear infection or an increased perception of bitter foods, known as a supertaster.

"

" Sometimes food neophobia is more directly caused by an environmental occurrence. For example, with poison-induced neophobia, a food-poisoning experience can lead to people not only avoiding the flavor(s) they associate with creating their illness but also avoiding all novel flavors during the period directly following the poisoning experience. This can be seen as the body’s attempt to prevent any new and risky food items from entering the body.

"

" Besides food poisoning, food neophobia also arises from the person associating a negative experience with new foods, for example suffering from gastroenteritis or other gastrointestinal illnesses after eating undercooked food.

"

" Another environmental factor influencing levels of food neophobia is the current arousal level of the individual. Trying a new food is an arousing experience, and if the person prefers to maintain a lower arousal level in general, then he or she might avoid new foods as a method of managing his or her current arousal level. Also, if people are currently experiencing situations with a lot of novelty and are therefore more aroused, they might be reluctant to try new foods as doing so would increase their arousal level to an uncomfortable level. This example can help explain why Americans visiting a foreign country might be less likely to try a new food item and instead gravitate towards the familiar McDonald’s food.

"

" Some efforts to address this situation, such as pressuring the child to eat a disliked food or threatening punishment for not eating it, tend to exacerbate the problem.

"

" Effective solutions include offering non-food rewards, such as a small sticker, for tasting a new or disliked food, and for parents to model the behavior they want to see by cheerfully eating the new or disliked foods in front of the children.

"

" Exposing someone to a new food increases the chances of liking that food item. However, it is not enough to merely look at a new food. Novel food must be repeatedly tasted in order to increase preference for eating it. It can take as many as 15 tries of a novel food item before a child accepts it. There also appears to be a critical period for lowering later food neophobia in children during the weaning process. The variety of solid foods first exposed to children can lower later food refusal. Some researchers believe that even the food variety of a nursing mother and the consequent variety of flavors in her breastmilk can lead to greater acceptance of novel food items later on in life. Food neophobia does tend to naturally decrease as people age.

"

"= = = City of Belmont = = =

"

" The City of Belmont is a local government area in the inner eastern suburbs of the Western Australian capital city of Perth, located about east of Perth's central business district on the south bank of the Swan River. The City covers an area of , maintains 225 km of roads and had a population of almost 40,000 as at the 2016 Census. The City of Belmont is a member of the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council

"

" Belmont contains Perth's domestic and international airports which account for 33.7% of the City of Belmont's land area.

"

" The Belmont Road District was created on 2 December 1898. On 4 October 1907, it was renamed Belmont Park. From 1906 until 1909, Burswood Island was part of the district.

"

" On 1 July 1961, the Belmont Park Road District became the Shire of Belmont following the enactment of the ""Local Government Act 1960"". On 17 February 1979 it attained city status.

"

" Ascot and Belmont are suburbs long associated with horses, being close to the race tracks (see Ascot Racecourse and Belmont Park). Until 1956 the Belmont Spur Railway linked Bayswater on the Perth to Midland line to the Ascot race track.

"

" The City is divided into four wards:

"

"= = = Macon, Belgium = = =

"

" Macon is a town located in the municipality of Momignies in the Belgian province of Hainaut.