Gustav0-Freind/100m · Datasets at Hugging Face

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"= = = Richard E. Cavazos = = =
"
"
"
" Richard Edward Cavazos (January 31, 1929 – October 29, 2017), was a United States Army four-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant and advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general. During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. Cavazos served for thirty-three years, with his final command as head of the U.S. Army Forces Command.
"
" Richard Cavazos, a Mexican-American, was born on January 31, 1929 in Kingsville, Texas. His brother is former U.S. Secretary of Education (1988-1990) Lauro Cavazos. He graduated as the distinguished graduate from the ROTC program at Texas Technological University in 1951. He then earned a B.S. degree in geology from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in 1951, where he played on the football team and was a distinguished graduate of the ROTC program. He received further military education at the U.S. Army Command and Staff College, the British Army Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the U.S. Army War College. He received basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School. He then deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry.
"
" During the Korean War, as a member of the 65th Infantry Regiment, a unit of mostly natives of Puerto Rico, he distinguished himself, receiving both the Silver Star and Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.
"
" On February 25, 1953, Cavazos' Company E was attacked by the enemy. During the fight against a numerically superior enemy force, Cavazos distinguished himself and received the Silver Star for his actions. His company was able to emerge victorious from the battle. On June 14, 1953, Cavazos again distinguished himself during an attack on Hill 142, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions on that day.
"
" On September 10, 1953, per General Orders No. 832, Cavazos was awarded his first Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War. His citation reads:
"
" In February 1967, Cavazos, then a lieutenant colonel, became commander of the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment. In October and November 1967, his battalion was engaged in fighting near the Cambodian border. During an attack at Loc Ninh in October 1967, his unit was able to repulse the enemy. For his valiant leadership at Loc Ninh, he was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross.
"
" On December 17, 1967, per General Orders No. 6479, Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos was awarded his second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on October 30, 1967. His citation reads:
"
" After Vietnam, Cavazos served as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and commander, 9th Infantry Division.
"
" In 1976, Cavazos became the first Hispanic to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. In 1980, he became commander of III Corps — and is recognized for his innovative leadership of the Corps.
"
" In 1982, Cavazos again made military history by being appointed the Army's first Hispanic four-star general. The same year, Cavazos assumed command of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). His early support for the National Training Center and his involvement in the development of the Battle Command Training Program enormously influenced the war fighting capabilities of the U.S. Army.
"
" On June 17, 1984, after thirty three years of distinguished service, General Cavazos retired from the U.S. Army.
"
" In 1985, Cavazos was appointed to the Chemical Warfare Review Committee by President Reagan. Cavazos served on the Board of Regents of his alma mater, Texas Tech University.
"
" Born in Kingsville, TX, Cavazos grew up on King Ranch. Cavazos was married with four children. He resided in San Antonio, Texas.
"
" He was the brother of Lauro Cavazos, former Texas Tech University President and former U.S. Secretary of Education.
"
" Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio on October 29, 2017 due to complications of Alzheimer's disease. He is buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.
"
" Cavazos' military awards include two Distinguished Service Crosses, Army Distinguished Service Medal, a Silver Star,Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit awards, five Bronze Stars, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, a Parachutist Badge. Cavazos has also been awarded an honorary lifetime membership in the National Guard Association of Texas; was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame and Ranger Regiment Association Hall of Fame; and received the Doughboy Award of National Infantry Association, 1991.
"
"
"
"= = = Judeo-Moroccan Arabic = = =
"
"
"
" Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of the Arabic Language spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco and Algeria. Speakers of the language are usually older adults.
"
" The vast majority of Moroccan Jews and Algerian Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew as their home language. Those in France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Morocco and Algeria tend to use either French, Moroccan or Algerian Arabic in their everyday lives.
"
" Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.
"
" The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although about 3,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language, rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly in Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.
"
" Hello: שלום עליכם, Shalom ˁaleykhem<br>
"
" Goodbye: בסלמא b'shlaama / בסלמא עליך b'shlaama ˁleek<br>
"
" Thanks: מרסי mersi<br>
"
" Yes: אה, 'ēh<br>
"
" No: לא laa<br>
"
" How are you?: אש כבארך? aas khbaark?<br>
"
" Fine, thank you: לא באס, מרסי laa baas, mersi<br>
"
" Fine / No problems: לא באס laa baas<br>
"
"
"
"= = = Africa Addio = = =
"
"
"
" Africa Addio (also known as Africa: Blood and Guts in the United States and Farewell Africa in the United Kingdom) is a 1966 Italian mondo documentary film co-directed, co-edited and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. The film is about the end of the colonial era in Africa. The film was shot over a period of three years by Jacopetti and Prosperi, who had gained fame (along with co-director Paolo Cavara) as the directors of ""Mondo Cane"" in 1962. This film ensured the viability of the so-called Mondo film genre, a cycle of ""shockumentaries""- documentaries featuring sensational topics, a description which largely characterizes ""Africa Addio"".
"
" The film includes footage of the Zanzibar revolution, which included the massacre of 1964, which claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 Arabs (estimates range up to 20,000 in the aftermath), as well as of the aftermath of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya.
"
" Prior to the film's release, allegations that a scene depicting the execution of a Congolese Simba Rebel had been staged for the camera resulted in co-director Gualtiero Jacopetti's arrest on charges of murder. The film's footage was seized by police, and the editing process was halted during the legal proceedings. He was acquitted after he and co-director Franco Prosperi produced documents proving they had arrived at the scene just before the execution took place.
"
" Jacopetti has stated that all images in the film are real and that nothing was ever staged. In the documentary ""The Godfathers of Mondo"", the co-directors stressed that the only scenes they ever staged were in ""Mondo Cane 2"". In the same documentary, Prosperi described their filmmaking philosophy: “Slip in, ask, never pay, never reenact.”
"
" The film has appeared in a number of different versions. The Italian and French versions were edited and were provided with narration by Jacopetti himself. The American version, with the explicitly shocking title ""Africa: Blood and Guts"", was edited and translated without the approval of Jacopetti. Indeed, the differences are such that Jacopetti has called this film a betrayal of the original idea. Notable differences are thus present between the Italian and English-language versions in terms of the text of the film. Many advocates of the film feel that it has unfairly maligned the original intentions of the filmmakers. For example, the subtitled translation of the opening crawl in the Italian version reads:
"
" The English version:
"
" Various cuts of the film have appeared over the years. IMDb lists the total runtime as 140 minutes, and a 'complete' version on YouTube runs closest to that at 138 minutes, 35 seconds. This is an Italian language version, with a clear soundtrack and legible English subtitling.
"
" IMDb lists the different runtimes for previously released versions: USA- 122'; Norway- 124'; and Sweden- 116'. An English-language version currently released by Blue Underground runs 128 minutes. The film was released as ""Africa Blood and Guts"" in the USA in 1970, at only 83 minutes (over 45 minutes removed in order to focus exclusively on scenes of carnage); according to the text of the box for the Blue Underground release, directors Jacopetti and Prosperi both disowned this version. An R-rated version runs at 80 minutes.
"
" The documentary was written, directed, and edited jointly by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi and was narrated by Sergio Rossi (not to be confused with the fashion designer of the same name). It was produced by Angelo Rizzoli.
"
" The film was also successful in the USA, where John Cohen published a book of the same name.
"
" In 1968 at the Carnival of Viareggio, a float inspired by the film took part and made by the master of papier-mâché Il Barzella. Some items from this float, along with other memorabilia including a copy of the book by John Cohen, are kept in Museum of Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico in Verolengo.
"
" Film critic Roger Ebert, in a scathing 1967 review of the American version of the film, called it ""racist"" and stated that it ""slanders a continent"". He noted the opening narration and subtitles:
"
" ""Europe has abandoned her baby,"" the narrator mourns, ""just when it needs her the most."" Who has taken over, now that the colonialists have left? The advertising spells it out for us: ""Raw, wild, brutal, modern-day savages!""

"

"= = = Richard E. Cavazos = = =

"

" Richard Edward Cavazos (January 31, 1929 – October 29, 2017), was a United States Army four-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant and advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general. During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. Cavazos served for thirty-three years, with his final command as head of the U.S. Army Forces Command.

"

" Richard Cavazos, a Mexican-American, was born on January 31, 1929 in Kingsville, Texas. His brother is former U.S. Secretary of Education (1988-1990) Lauro Cavazos. He graduated as the distinguished graduate from the ROTC program at Texas Technological University in 1951. He then earned a B.S. degree in geology from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in 1951, where he played on the football team and was a distinguished graduate of the ROTC program. He received further military education at the U.S. Army Command and Staff College, the British Army Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the U.S. Army War College. He received basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School. He then deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry.

"

" During the Korean War, as a member of the 65th Infantry Regiment, a unit of mostly natives of Puerto Rico, he distinguished himself, receiving both the Silver Star and Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.

"

" On February 25, 1953, Cavazos' Company E was attacked by the enemy. During the fight against a numerically superior enemy force, Cavazos distinguished himself and received the Silver Star for his actions. His company was able to emerge victorious from the battle. On June 14, 1953, Cavazos again distinguished himself during an attack on Hill 142, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions on that day.

"

" On September 10, 1953, per General Orders No. 832, Cavazos was awarded his first Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War. His citation reads:

"

" In February 1967, Cavazos, then a lieutenant colonel, became commander of the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment. In October and November 1967, his battalion was engaged in fighting near the Cambodian border. During an attack at Loc Ninh in October 1967, his unit was able to repulse the enemy. For his valiant leadership at Loc Ninh, he was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross.

"

" On December 17, 1967, per General Orders No. 6479, Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos was awarded his second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on October 30, 1967. His citation reads:

"

" After Vietnam, Cavazos served as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and commander, 9th Infantry Division.

"

" In 1976, Cavazos became the first Hispanic to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. In 1980, he became commander of III Corps — and is recognized for his innovative leadership of the Corps.

"

" In 1982, Cavazos again made military history by being appointed the Army's first Hispanic four-star general. The same year, Cavazos assumed command of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). His early support for the National Training Center and his involvement in the development of the Battle Command Training Program enormously influenced the war fighting capabilities of the U.S. Army.

"

" On June 17, 1984, after thirty three years of distinguished service, General Cavazos retired from the U.S. Army.

"

" In 1985, Cavazos was appointed to the Chemical Warfare Review Committee by President Reagan. Cavazos served on the Board of Regents of his alma mater, Texas Tech University.

"

" Born in Kingsville, TX, Cavazos grew up on King Ranch. Cavazos was married with four children. He resided in San Antonio, Texas.

"

" He was the brother of Lauro Cavazos, former Texas Tech University President and former U.S. Secretary of Education.

"

" Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio on October 29, 2017 due to complications of Alzheimer's disease. He is buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.

"

" Cavazos' military awards include two Distinguished Service Crosses, Army Distinguished Service Medal, a Silver Star,Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit awards, five Bronze Stars, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, a Parachutist Badge. Cavazos has also been awarded an honorary lifetime membership in the National Guard Association of Texas; was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame and Ranger Regiment Association Hall of Fame; and received the Doughboy Award of National Infantry Association, 1991.

"

"= = = Judeo-Moroccan Arabic = = =

"

" Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of the Arabic Language spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco and Algeria. Speakers of the language are usually older adults.

"

" The vast majority of Moroccan Jews and Algerian Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew as their home language. Those in France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Morocco and Algeria tend to use either French, Moroccan or Algerian Arabic in their everyday lives.

"

" Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.

"

" The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although about 3,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language, rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly in Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.

"

" Hello: שלום עליכם, Shalom ˁaleykhem

"

" Goodbye: בסלמא b'shlaama / בסלמא עליך b'shlaama ˁleek

"

" Thanks: מרסי mersi

"

" Yes: אה, 'ēh

"

" No: לא laa

"

" How are you?: אש כבארך? aas khbaark?

"

" Fine, thank you: לא באס, מרסי laa baas, mersi

"

" Fine / No problems: לא באס laa baas

"

"= = = Africa Addio = = =

"

" Africa Addio (also known as Africa: Blood and Guts in the United States and Farewell Africa in the United Kingdom) is a 1966 Italian mondo documentary film co-directed, co-edited and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. The film is about the end of the colonial era in Africa. The film was shot over a period of three years by Jacopetti and Prosperi, who had gained fame (along with co-director Paolo Cavara) as the directors of ""Mondo Cane"" in 1962. This film ensured the viability of the so-called Mondo film genre, a cycle of ""shockumentaries""- documentaries featuring sensational topics, a description which largely characterizes ""Africa Addio"".

"

" The film includes footage of the Zanzibar revolution, which included the massacre of 1964, which claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 Arabs (estimates range up to 20,000 in the aftermath), as well as of the aftermath of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya.

"

" Prior to the film's release, allegations that a scene depicting the execution of a Congolese Simba Rebel had been staged for the camera resulted in co-director Gualtiero Jacopetti's arrest on charges of murder. The film's footage was seized by police, and the editing process was halted during the legal proceedings. He was acquitted after he and co-director Franco Prosperi produced documents proving they had arrived at the scene just before the execution took place.

"

" Jacopetti has stated that all images in the film are real and that nothing was ever staged. In the documentary ""The Godfathers of Mondo"", the co-directors stressed that the only scenes they ever staged were in ""Mondo Cane 2"". In the same documentary, Prosperi described their filmmaking philosophy: “Slip in, ask, never pay, never reenact.”

"

" The film has appeared in a number of different versions. The Italian and French versions were edited and were provided with narration by Jacopetti himself. The American version, with the explicitly shocking title ""Africa: Blood and Guts"", was edited and translated without the approval of Jacopetti. Indeed, the differences are such that Jacopetti has called this film a betrayal of the original idea. Notable differences are thus present between the Italian and English-language versions in terms of the text of the film. Many advocates of the film feel that it has unfairly maligned the original intentions of the filmmakers. For example, the subtitled translation of the opening crawl in the Italian version reads:

"

" The English version:

"

" Various cuts of the film have appeared over the years. IMDb lists the total runtime as 140 minutes, and a 'complete' version on YouTube runs closest to that at 138 minutes, 35 seconds. This is an Italian language version, with a clear soundtrack and legible English subtitling.

"

" IMDb lists the different runtimes for previously released versions: USA- 122'; Norway- 124'; and Sweden- 116'. An English-language version currently released by Blue Underground runs 128 minutes. The film was released as ""Africa Blood and Guts"" in the USA in 1970, at only 83 minutes (over 45 minutes removed in order to focus exclusively on scenes of carnage); according to the text of the box for the Blue Underground release, directors Jacopetti and Prosperi both disowned this version. An R-rated version runs at 80 minutes.

"

" The documentary was written, directed, and edited jointly by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi and was narrated by Sergio Rossi (not to be confused with the fashion designer of the same name). It was produced by Angelo Rizzoli.

"

" The film was also successful in the USA, where John Cohen published a book of the same name.

"

" In 1968 at the Carnival of Viareggio, a float inspired by the film took part and made by the master of papier-mâché Il Barzella. Some items from this float, along with other memorabilia including a copy of the book by John Cohen, are kept in Museum of Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico in Verolengo.

"

" Film critic Roger Ebert, in a scathing 1967 review of the American version of the film, called it ""racist"" and stated that it ""slanders a continent"". He noted the opening narration and subtitles:

"

" ""Europe has abandoned her baby,"" the narrator mourns, ""just when it needs her the most."" Who has taken over, now that the colonialists have left? The advertising spells it out for us: ""Raw, wild, brutal, modern-day savages!""