Gustav0-Freind/100m · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 1 5.12k
"
" In certain cases, such as role-playing video games, palette swaps are used to signify a character's status. Prominent examples of this are seen in ""Final Fantasy"", in which a player character afflicted with the ""Poison"" Status effect will appear purple. In other games, such as ""Dragon Quest IX"" or ""Dark Cloud 2"", palette swaps are used for mobs to distinguish higher level enemies. By contrast, the main characters of ""Breath of Fire II"" occasionally swap their palette colors to indicate an increase in their respective statistics. In ""Mario Bros."", ""Wrecking Crew"", ""Super Mario Bros."", ""Super Mario Bros. 3"", ""Super Mario World"", ""Super Mario Bros. Deluxe"" (except in the ""Super Mario All-Stars"" versions of the latter three, as well the ""Super Mario Advance"" series), ""Mario is Missing!"" (NES and SNES versions), ""Hotel Mario"" and """", Luigi is a palette swap of Mario. In NES games such as ""Metroid"", ""The Legend of Zelda"", and ""Castlevania"", palette swaps are used to distinguish stronger enemies. In ""Mortal Kombat"", Scorpion, Sub-Zero, and secret character Reptile were palette swaps of each other, using yellow, blue and green, respectively. In ""Mortal Kombat II"", Kitana, Mileena, and secret character Jade were palette swaps of each other, using blue, purple and green, respectively. ""Mortal Kombat 3"", ""Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3"", and ""Mortal Kombat Trilogy"" introduced multiple palette swaps including Cyrax, Sektor, and Ermac.
"
" In the ""Pokémon"" franchise, palette swapping is used to give some Pokémon a different coloration than the rest of their kind. As these Pokémon often have sparkling visual and audio effects, they have been named ""Shiny Pokémon"".
"
"
"
"= = = Kalamunda, Western Australia = = =
"
"
"
" Kalamunda () is a town and eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located in the Darling Scarp at the eastern limits of the Perth metropolitan area.
"
" Indigenous Noongar people were the first inhabitants of the area. The first permanent European settlers were the family of Frederick and Elizabeth Stirk, who arrived in 1881 and established a property called Headingly Hill at what is now Stirk Park; their house, Stirk Cottage, is now a museum. More settlers moved in during the 1890s, aided by the advent of the Kalamunda Zig Zag railway. At this time the Kalamunda area was known as ""Gooseberry Hill"". The name ""Kalamunda"" was declared on 13 December 1901 after a request from thirty-two residents to form a townsite. They requested the name ""Calamunnda"", derived from two words in the indigenous Noongar language, as recorded in a book by Bishop Rosendo Salvado: ""cala"" meaning ""fire"", ""home"", ""district"", or ""settlement"" and ""mun-da"" meaning ""forest"" or ""bush"". Surveyor-General Harry Johnston respelt the name as ""Kalamunnda"" and it was changed to ""Kalamunda"" by 1901. The City's unofficial motto is ""A home in the forest"".
"
" At above sea level, Kalamunda and the surrounding areas experience colder night temperatures than the bulk of the Perth Metropolitan area to the west. Deep clay soils in the valleys in this area provide ideal growing conditions for stone fruits, apples and pears,wine production and for a small commercial rose growing industry.
"
" The suburb of Gooseberry Hill is located to the north of Kalamunda where the terrain drops away sharply to the Helena Valley effectively isolating Kalamunda from other Darling Scarp population centres to the north. To the south and east the urban area transitions into the semi-rural and orchard growing areas of Bickley, Carmel and Pickering Brook, which in turn give way to extensive jarrah and marri forests.
"
" Located nearby is the Kalamunda National Park and the northern terminus of the Bibbulmun Track, a 963 km recreational walking trail.
"
" The town lies within the Mundaring-Kalamunda Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance as a non-breeding season roost site and foraging base for Long-billed Black Cockatoos.
"
" Kalamunda has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Due to the suburb's high elevation of around above mean sea level and location on the Darling Scarp, it is a few degrees cooler in winter than Perth; however, this difference is less pronounced in summer as Kalamunda is less affected than Perth by the regular afternoon sea breeze, the Fremantle Doctor, due to its inland location. Kalamunda is far wetter than the city with over of annual rainfall, due to its location in the Darling Scarp.
"
"<div style=""width:91%;"">
"
" Kalamunda Road serves as a major access road for Perth Airport, and provides the foothills suburbs with access to the Perth central business district.
"
" The suburb is serviced by the Kalamunda bus station, which provides bus services across the Perth metropolitan area.
"
" Kalamunda was once part of a thriving logging region, with Kalamunda railway station the largest station on the Upper Darling Range Railway. The area has a number of features as a result of this railway including a museum at the site of the original station. Typical rail side road structures with a rail reserve between and the Zig Zag road on the old section where the railway climbed the Darling Scarp. It is at Gooseberry Hill that the railway used to descend from the hills to Midland Junction, dropping 300 metres in a series of 5 zig-zag shunts. The railway line has been replaced by a single lane, one-way scenic drive that follows the old track.
"
" Kalamunda has extensive areas with orchards, primarily involved in apple and stone fruit production. The region largely serves as a dormitory suburb for Perth workers. It has a modest retail, government and education sector, and a small industrial base. While the town's retail centre is the largest in the Darling Scarp it primarily services Kalamunda and the contiguous urbanised areas of Lesmurdie and Walliston.
"
" Kalamunda and the surrounding areas have an arts and crafts tradition, and are home to three major Perth residential colleges. Conservation groups are active within the community, and efforts have been made (largely successfully) to maintain native vegetation adjacent to the urban areas, and to some extent with the urban area.
"
" Kalamunda is home to the television towers of all free-to-air Perth Television stations, and the approach control radar for Perth Airport.
"
" In the , Kalamunda had a population of 6,970; 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The median age of Kalamunda residents was 47, and median weekly personal income was $676. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.7% of the population.
"
" The most popular religious affiliations in descending order in the 2016 census were No Religion 33.1%, Catholic 22.4%, Anglican 18.8%, Not Stated 9.0% and Christian, nfd 3.8%. Christianity was the largest religious group reported overall (61.4%) (this figure excludes not stated responses).
"
" The population profile of Kalamunda is slightly in advance of the Perth Metropolitan area with a media age of 47, compared with Perth Metropolitan areas median age of 36, and it is likely that in time it will develop a large retirement population. The population of Kalamunda and the surrounding areas have a diverse ethnicity. Notably however, there are many Italian families who became involved in the orchard industry in the post-Second World War migration period.
"
" Despite the steady encroach of the urban sprawl in recent times which has eroded the sense of a 'regional centre', Kalamunda remains a quiet town amongst the jarrah forests on the Darling Scarp.
"
" Short stay accommodation in a forest setting close to Perth is a growth area, and Kalamunda is increasingly offering eco-tourism experiences for local and overseas visitors.
"
"
"
"= = = War pigeon = = =
"
"
"
" Homing pigeons have long played an important role in war. Due to their homing ability, speed and altitude, they were often used as military messengers. Carrier pigeons of the Racing Homer breed were used to carry messages in World War I and World War II, and 32 such pigeons were presented with the Dickin Medal. They ceased being used as of 1957.
"
" During World War I and World War II, carrier pigeons were used to transport messages back to their home coop behind the lines. When they landed, wires in the coop would sound a bell or buzzer and a soldier of the Signal Corps would know a message had arrived. He would go to the coop, remove the message from the canister, and send it to its destination by telegraph, field phone, or personal messenger.
"
" A carrier pigeon's job was dangerous. Nearby enemy soldiers often tried to shoot down pigeons, knowing that released birds were carrying important messages. Some of these pigeons became quite famous among the infantrymen they worked for. One pigeon, named ""The Mocker"", flew 52 missions before he was wounded. Another, named ""Cher Ami"", lost her foot and one eye, but her message got through, saving a large group of surrounded American infantrymen.
"
" Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters. In the 6th century BC, Cyrus, king of Persia, used carrier pigeons to communicate with various parts of his empire. In Ancient Rome, within many texts, there are references to pigeons being used to send messages by Julius Caesar .
"
" During the 19th-century (1870–71) Franco-Prussian War, besieged Parisians used carrier pigeons to transmit messages outside the city; in response, the besieging Prussian Army employed hawks to hunt the pigeons. The French military used balloons to transport homing pigeons past enemy lines. Microfilm images containing hundreds of messages allowed letters to be carried into Paris by pigeon from as far away as London. More than one million different messages travelled this way during the four-month siege. They were then discovered to be very useful, and carrier pigeons were well considered in military theory leading up to World War I.
"
" Homing pigeons were used extensively during World War I. In 1914, during the First Battle of the Marne, the French army advanced 72 pigeon lofts with the troops.
"
" The US Army Signal Corps used 600 pigeons in France alone.
"
" One of their homing pigeons, a Blue Check hen named Cher Ami, was awarded the French ""Croix de Guerre with Palm"" for heroic service delivering 12 important messages during the Battle of Verdun. On her final mission in October 1918, she delivered a message despite having been shot through the breast or wing. The crucial message, found in the capsule hanging from a ligament of her shattered leg, saved 194 US soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division's ""Lost Battalion"".
"
" United States Navy aviators maintained 12 pigeon stations in France with a total inventory of 1,508 pigeons when the war ended. Pigeons were carried in airplanes to rapidly return messages to these stations; and 829 birds flew in 10,995 wartime aircraft patrols. Airmen of the 230 patrols with messages entrusted to pigeons threw the message-carrying pigeon either up or down, depending on the type of aircraft, to keep the pigeon out of the propeller and away from airflow toward the aircraft wings and struts. Eleven of the thrown pigeons went missing in action, but the remaining 219 messages were delivered successfully.
"
" Pigeons were considered an essential element of naval aviation communication when the first United States aircraft carrier was commissioned on 20 March 1922; so the ship included a pigeon house on the stern. The pigeons were trained at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard while ""Langley"" was undergoing conversion. As long as the pigeons were released a few at a time for exercise, they returned to the ship; but when the whole flock was released while ""Langley"" was anchored off Tangier Island, the pigeons flew south and roosted in the cranes of the Norfolk shipyard. The pigeons never went to sea again.
"
" During World War II, the United Kingdom used about 250,000 homing pigeons for many purposes, including communicating with those behind enemy lines such as Belgium spy Jozef Raskin. The Dickin Medal, the highest possible decoration for valor given to animals, was awarded to 32 pigeons, including the United States Army Pigeon Service's G.I. Joe and the Irish pigeon Paddy.
"
" The UK maintained the Air Ministry Pigeon Section during World War II and for a while thereafter. A Pigeon Policy Committee made decisions about the uses of pigeons in military contexts. The head of the section, Lea Rayner, reported in 1945 that pigeons could be trained to deliver small explosives or bioweapons to precise targets. The ideas were not taken up by the committee, and in 1948 the UK military stated that pigeons were of no further use. During the war, messenger pigeons could draw a special allowance of corn and seed, but as soon as the war ended this had been cancelled and anyone keeping pigeons would have to draw on their own personal rationed corn and seed to also feed the pigeons. However, the UK security service MI5 was still concerned about the use of pigeons by enemy forces. Until 1950, they arranged for 100 birds to be maintained by a civilian pigeon fancier in order to prepare countermeasures. The Swiss army disbanded its Pigeon section in 1996.
"
" In 2010, Indian police expressed suspicion that a recently captured pigeon from Pakistan might have been carrying a message from Pakistan.
"
" In 2016, a Jordanian border official said at a news conference that Islamic State militants were using homing pigeons to deliver messages to operatives outside of its ""so-called caliphate"".
"
" In total, 32 pigeons were decorated with the Dickin Medal including:
"
"
"
"= = = Renal pelvis = = =
"
"
"
" The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. In humans, the renal pelvis is the point where the two or three major calyces join together. It has a mucous membrane and is covered with transitional epithelium and an underlying lamina propria of loose-to-dense connective tissue.
"
" The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.
"
" The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis.
"
" The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis. A large ""staghorn"" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis.
"
" The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis. Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards. In adults, 13% of the normal population have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm.

"

" In certain cases, such as role-playing video games, palette swaps are used to signify a character's status. Prominent examples of this are seen in ""Final Fantasy"", in which a player character afflicted with the ""Poison"" Status effect will appear purple. In other games, such as ""Dragon Quest IX"" or ""Dark Cloud 2"", palette swaps are used for mobs to distinguish higher level enemies. By contrast, the main characters of ""Breath of Fire II"" occasionally swap their palette colors to indicate an increase in their respective statistics. In ""Mario Bros."", ""Wrecking Crew"", ""Super Mario Bros."", ""Super Mario Bros. 3"", ""Super Mario World"", ""Super Mario Bros. Deluxe"" (except in the ""Super Mario All-Stars"" versions of the latter three, as well the ""Super Mario Advance"" series), ""Mario is Missing!"" (NES and SNES versions), ""Hotel Mario"" and """", Luigi is a palette swap of Mario. In NES games such as ""Metroid"", ""The Legend of Zelda"", and ""Castlevania"", palette swaps are used to distinguish stronger enemies. In ""Mortal Kombat"", Scorpion, Sub-Zero, and secret character Reptile were palette swaps of each other, using yellow, blue and green, respectively. In ""Mortal Kombat II"", Kitana, Mileena, and secret character Jade were palette swaps of each other, using blue, purple and green, respectively. ""Mortal Kombat 3"", ""Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3"", and ""Mortal Kombat Trilogy"" introduced multiple palette swaps including Cyrax, Sektor, and Ermac.

"

" In the ""Pokémon"" franchise, palette swapping is used to give some Pokémon a different coloration than the rest of their kind. As these Pokémon often have sparkling visual and audio effects, they have been named ""Shiny Pokémon"".

"

"= = = Kalamunda, Western Australia = = =

"

" Kalamunda () is a town and eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located in the Darling Scarp at the eastern limits of the Perth metropolitan area.

"

" Indigenous Noongar people were the first inhabitants of the area. The first permanent European settlers were the family of Frederick and Elizabeth Stirk, who arrived in 1881 and established a property called Headingly Hill at what is now Stirk Park; their house, Stirk Cottage, is now a museum. More settlers moved in during the 1890s, aided by the advent of the Kalamunda Zig Zag railway. At this time the Kalamunda area was known as ""Gooseberry Hill"". The name ""Kalamunda"" was declared on 13 December 1901 after a request from thirty-two residents to form a townsite. They requested the name ""Calamunnda"", derived from two words in the indigenous Noongar language, as recorded in a book by Bishop Rosendo Salvado: ""cala"" meaning ""fire"", ""home"", ""district"", or ""settlement"" and ""mun-da"" meaning ""forest"" or ""bush"". Surveyor-General Harry Johnston respelt the name as ""Kalamunnda"" and it was changed to ""Kalamunda"" by 1901. The City's unofficial motto is ""A home in the forest"".

"

" At above sea level, Kalamunda and the surrounding areas experience colder night temperatures than the bulk of the Perth Metropolitan area to the west. Deep clay soils in the valleys in this area provide ideal growing conditions for stone fruits, apples and pears,wine production and for a small commercial rose growing industry.

"

" The suburb of Gooseberry Hill is located to the north of Kalamunda where the terrain drops away sharply to the Helena Valley effectively isolating Kalamunda from other Darling Scarp population centres to the north. To the south and east the urban area transitions into the semi-rural and orchard growing areas of Bickley, Carmel and Pickering Brook, which in turn give way to extensive jarrah and marri forests.

"

" Located nearby is the Kalamunda National Park and the northern terminus of the Bibbulmun Track, a 963 km recreational walking trail.

"

" The town lies within the Mundaring-Kalamunda Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance as a non-breeding season roost site and foraging base for Long-billed Black Cockatoos.

"

" Kalamunda has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Due to the suburb's high elevation of around above mean sea level and location on the Darling Scarp, it is a few degrees cooler in winter than Perth; however, this difference is less pronounced in summer as Kalamunda is less affected than Perth by the regular afternoon sea breeze, the Fremantle Doctor, due to its inland location. Kalamunda is far wetter than the city with over of annual rainfall, due to its location in the Darling Scarp.

"

"<div style=""width:91%;"">

"

" Kalamunda Road serves as a major access road for Perth Airport, and provides the foothills suburbs with access to the Perth central business district.

"

" The suburb is serviced by the Kalamunda bus station, which provides bus services across the Perth metropolitan area.

"

" Kalamunda was once part of a thriving logging region, with Kalamunda railway station the largest station on the Upper Darling Range Railway. The area has a number of features as a result of this railway including a museum at the site of the original station. Typical rail side road structures with a rail reserve between and the Zig Zag road on the old section where the railway climbed the Darling Scarp. It is at Gooseberry Hill that the railway used to descend from the hills to Midland Junction, dropping 300 metres in a series of 5 zig-zag shunts. The railway line has been replaced by a single lane, one-way scenic drive that follows the old track.

"

" Kalamunda has extensive areas with orchards, primarily involved in apple and stone fruit production. The region largely serves as a dormitory suburb for Perth workers. It has a modest retail, government and education sector, and a small industrial base. While the town's retail centre is the largest in the Darling Scarp it primarily services Kalamunda and the contiguous urbanised areas of Lesmurdie and Walliston.

"

" Kalamunda and the surrounding areas have an arts and crafts tradition, and are home to three major Perth residential colleges. Conservation groups are active within the community, and efforts have been made (largely successfully) to maintain native vegetation adjacent to the urban areas, and to some extent with the urban area.

"

" Kalamunda is home to the television towers of all free-to-air Perth Television stations, and the approach control radar for Perth Airport.

"

" In the , Kalamunda had a population of 6,970; 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The median age of Kalamunda residents was 47, and median weekly personal income was $676. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.7% of the population.

"

" The most popular religious affiliations in descending order in the 2016 census were No Religion 33.1%, Catholic 22.4%, Anglican 18.8%, Not Stated 9.0% and Christian, nfd 3.8%. Christianity was the largest religious group reported overall (61.4%) (this figure excludes not stated responses).

"

" The population profile of Kalamunda is slightly in advance of the Perth Metropolitan area with a media age of 47, compared with Perth Metropolitan areas median age of 36, and it is likely that in time it will develop a large retirement population. The population of Kalamunda and the surrounding areas have a diverse ethnicity. Notably however, there are many Italian families who became involved in the orchard industry in the post-Second World War migration period.

"

" Despite the steady encroach of the urban sprawl in recent times which has eroded the sense of a 'regional centre', Kalamunda remains a quiet town amongst the jarrah forests on the Darling Scarp.

"

" Short stay accommodation in a forest setting close to Perth is a growth area, and Kalamunda is increasingly offering eco-tourism experiences for local and overseas visitors.

"

"= = = War pigeon = = =

"

" Homing pigeons have long played an important role in war. Due to their homing ability, speed and altitude, they were often used as military messengers. Carrier pigeons of the Racing Homer breed were used to carry messages in World War I and World War II, and 32 such pigeons were presented with the Dickin Medal. They ceased being used as of 1957.

"

" During World War I and World War II, carrier pigeons were used to transport messages back to their home coop behind the lines. When they landed, wires in the coop would sound a bell or buzzer and a soldier of the Signal Corps would know a message had arrived. He would go to the coop, remove the message from the canister, and send it to its destination by telegraph, field phone, or personal messenger.

"

" A carrier pigeon's job was dangerous. Nearby enemy soldiers often tried to shoot down pigeons, knowing that released birds were carrying important messages. Some of these pigeons became quite famous among the infantrymen they worked for. One pigeon, named ""The Mocker"", flew 52 missions before he was wounded. Another, named ""Cher Ami"", lost her foot and one eye, but her message got through, saving a large group of surrounded American infantrymen.

"

" Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters. In the 6th century BC, Cyrus, king of Persia, used carrier pigeons to communicate with various parts of his empire. In Ancient Rome, within many texts, there are references to pigeons being used to send messages by Julius Caesar .

"

" During the 19th-century (1870–71) Franco-Prussian War, besieged Parisians used carrier pigeons to transmit messages outside the city; in response, the besieging Prussian Army employed hawks to hunt the pigeons. The French military used balloons to transport homing pigeons past enemy lines. Microfilm images containing hundreds of messages allowed letters to be carried into Paris by pigeon from as far away as London. More than one million different messages travelled this way during the four-month siege. They were then discovered to be very useful, and carrier pigeons were well considered in military theory leading up to World War I.

"

" Homing pigeons were used extensively during World War I. In 1914, during the First Battle of the Marne, the French army advanced 72 pigeon lofts with the troops.

"

" The US Army Signal Corps used 600 pigeons in France alone.

"

" One of their homing pigeons, a Blue Check hen named Cher Ami, was awarded the French ""Croix de Guerre with Palm"" for heroic service delivering 12 important messages during the Battle of Verdun. On her final mission in October 1918, she delivered a message despite having been shot through the breast or wing. The crucial message, found in the capsule hanging from a ligament of her shattered leg, saved 194 US soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division's ""Lost Battalion"".

"

" United States Navy aviators maintained 12 pigeon stations in France with a total inventory of 1,508 pigeons when the war ended. Pigeons were carried in airplanes to rapidly return messages to these stations; and 829 birds flew in 10,995 wartime aircraft patrols. Airmen of the 230 patrols with messages entrusted to pigeons threw the message-carrying pigeon either up or down, depending on the type of aircraft, to keep the pigeon out of the propeller and away from airflow toward the aircraft wings and struts. Eleven of the thrown pigeons went missing in action, but the remaining 219 messages were delivered successfully.

"

" Pigeons were considered an essential element of naval aviation communication when the first United States aircraft carrier was commissioned on 20 March 1922; so the ship included a pigeon house on the stern. The pigeons were trained at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard while ""Langley"" was undergoing conversion. As long as the pigeons were released a few at a time for exercise, they returned to the ship; but when the whole flock was released while ""Langley"" was anchored off Tangier Island, the pigeons flew south and roosted in the cranes of the Norfolk shipyard. The pigeons never went to sea again.

"

" During World War II, the United Kingdom used about 250,000 homing pigeons for many purposes, including communicating with those behind enemy lines such as Belgium spy Jozef Raskin. The Dickin Medal, the highest possible decoration for valor given to animals, was awarded to 32 pigeons, including the United States Army Pigeon Service's G.I. Joe and the Irish pigeon Paddy.

"

" The UK maintained the Air Ministry Pigeon Section during World War II and for a while thereafter. A Pigeon Policy Committee made decisions about the uses of pigeons in military contexts. The head of the section, Lea Rayner, reported in 1945 that pigeons could be trained to deliver small explosives or bioweapons to precise targets. The ideas were not taken up by the committee, and in 1948 the UK military stated that pigeons were of no further use. During the war, messenger pigeons could draw a special allowance of corn and seed, but as soon as the war ended this had been cancelled and anyone keeping pigeons would have to draw on their own personal rationed corn and seed to also feed the pigeons. However, the UK security service MI5 was still concerned about the use of pigeons by enemy forces. Until 1950, they arranged for 100 birds to be maintained by a civilian pigeon fancier in order to prepare countermeasures. The Swiss army disbanded its Pigeon section in 1996.

"

" In 2010, Indian police expressed suspicion that a recently captured pigeon from Pakistan might have been carrying a message from Pakistan.

"

" In 2016, a Jordanian border official said at a news conference that Islamic State militants were using homing pigeons to deliver messages to operatives outside of its ""so-called caliphate"".

"

" In total, 32 pigeons were decorated with the Dickin Medal including:

"

"= = = Renal pelvis = = =

"

" The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. In humans, the renal pelvis is the point where the two or three major calyces join together. It has a mucous membrane and is covered with transitional epithelium and an underlying lamina propria of loose-to-dense connective tissue.

"

" The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.

"

" The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis.

"

" The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis. A large ""staghorn"" kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis.

"

" The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis. Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards. In adults, 13% of the normal population have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm.