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CT Scanner Gantry Basic Components
The largest component of a CT scanner system is referred to as the scan or imaging system. The imaging system primarily includes the CT scanner gantry and patient table or couch. The CT scanner gantry is a moveable frame that contains the x-ray tube, including: collimators and filters, detectors, data acquisition system, rotational components including slip ring systems, and all associated electronics such as CT scanner gantry angulation motors and positioning laser lights. In older CT systems a small generator supplied power to the x-ray tube and the rotational components via cables for operation. This type of generator was mounted on the rotational component of the CT system and rotated with the x-ray tube. Some generators remain mounted inside the CT scanner gantry wall. Some newer CT scanner designs utilize a generator that is located outside the CT scanner gantry. Slip ring technology eliminated the need for cables and allows continuous rotation of the gantry components. The inclusion of slip ring technology into a CT system scanner allows for continuous scanning without the interference of cables. A CT scanner gantry can be angled up to 30 degrees toward a forward or backward position. CT scanner gantry angulation is determined by the manufacturer and varies amount CT scanner systems. CT scanner gantry angulation allows the operator to align the applicable part of the body under examination with the scanning plane.
How the CT Scanner Gantry Aperture Operates
The opening through which the patient passes is referred to as the CT scanner gantry aperture. CT scanner gantry aperture diameters generally range from 50 – 85 cm. In general, larger CT scanner gantry diameters, 70 – 85 cm, are necessary for CT scanner departments that do a large volume of biopsy procedures. The larger CT scanner gantry aperture allows for easier manipulation of biopsy equipment and reduces the risk of injury when scanning the patient and securing placement of the biopsy needle simultaneously. The diameter of the CT scanner gantry aperture is different for the diameter of the scanning circle or scan field view. If a CT scanner system has a gantry aperture of 70 cm diameter it does not mean that you can acquire patient data utilizing a 70 cm diameter. Generally, the scanning diameter in which patient or projection data is acquired is less that the size of the gantry aperture. The lasers of projection data acquired are less than the size of the gantry aperture. Lasers or high-intensity lights are included within or mounted on the gantry. The lasers or high-intensity lights serve as anatomical positioning guides that reference the center of the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.
The Low Voltage Slip Ring and its Role
Eliminating interscan delays requires continuous CT scanner gantry rotation, a capability made possible by the low-voltage slip ring. A slip ring passes electrical power to the rotating components, such as x-ray tube and detectors, without fixed connections. The idea is similar to the technology used by bumper cars, in that power is passed to the cars through a metal brush that slides along a conductive ceiling. Similarly, a slip ring is a drum or annulus with grooves along which electrical contactor brushes slide. Data is transmitted from detectors via various high-capacity wireless technologies, and as a result, allowing continuous rotation to occur. A slip ring allows the complete elimination of interscan delays, except for the time required to move the table to the next slice position. However, the scan-move-scan sequence is still somewhat inefficient. For example, if scanning and moving the table each take 1 s, only 50% of the time is spent acquiring data. Further more, rapid table movements may introduce “tissue-jingle” motion artifacts into the images.
Revolutionary Improvements: Helical/Spiral CT
An alternate strategy is to continuously rotate the CT scanner gantry and continuously acquire data, as the patient table is smoothly moved through the CT scanner gantry. The resulting trajectory of the tube and detectors, relative to the patient, traces out a helical or spiral path. This powerful concept, referred to synonymously as helical CT or spiral CT, allows for rapid scans of entire z-axis regions of interest, in some cases within a single breath hold. So significant were improvements in body CT quality and throughput that helical scanning became the standard of care for body CT scanners.
Scan Time and Misregistration
The rotation time of the CT scanner gantry around the patient (also known as CT scanner gantry rotation time) clearly has a direct effect on total scan time. Image quality improves with faster rotation times, as there is reduced misregistration of data both in-plane and along the patient which is due to patient movement (whether from heartbeat, breathing, peristalsis or restlessness). This misregistration of data introduces artifacts into the image.
CT scanners can now achieve rotation times of less than 0.3 seconds, but the fastest rotations are generally reserved for specialist applications such as cardiac scanning, in order to minimize image artifacts due to the motion of the heart.
Rotation Times and Applications
CT scanners are currently available with two tubes, mounted at 90 degrees to each other, requiring only a half rotation of data, so is effectively even faster. This is especially important for cardiac applications. For general body scanning, 0.5 second rotations are usually more than adequate, and for head scanning, 1 second rotation times are often sufficient.
Higher tube currents will be required for these faster rotation times, and when combined with long scan lengths there will be a need for a higher anode heat capacity or higher anode cooling rate. This effect is off-set by the use of longer detector array lengths.
Current cardiac-enabled CT scanners have low enough rotation times suitable for cardiac imaging. Reconstruction techniques that use data from a partial rotation are used in cardiac scanning and so for a single source system the temporal resolution can be taken to equal half the gantry rotation time. Whiles this is higher than the theoretical required time window for 60 bps, it appears that this can still provide good image quality for suitable patients at that heart rate or below. However, for patients with high heart rates, beta blockers can be used to slow down the heart rate and stabilize it for purposes of the CT scan. | <urn:uuid:7eec447b-edbf-4ed0-83f8-cd87081054ca> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.medwow.com/articles/ct-scanner-2/ct-scanner-gantry-informational-guidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917628 | 1,284 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Examples of showy in a sentence
Perhaps you should wear something a little less showy.
<orchid plants are known for their huge showy flowers>
First Known Use of showy
Synonym Discussion of showy
SHOWY Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of showy for English Language Learners
: having an appearance that attracts attention
SHOWY Defined for Kids
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up showy? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). | <urn:uuid:00f76c6e-cac2-4b6e-869e-49fb42d78731> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/showier | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00373-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92004 | 117 | 1.742188 | 2 |
We live in Hawaii and have an abundance of homegrown fruit. Our neighbors don’t always know what to do with their extra fruit, so they give it to us. Sometimes we have so much produce that even our family of six can’t possibly polish it all off before it’s ready for the compost bin. Ever in search of ways to maximize resources, we’ve learned how to turn some of this extra fruit — bananas in particular — into something we would otherwise need to buy at the store: vinegar.
Vinegar has dozens of well-established uses around the home and homestead — as an all-purpose cleaner, an antibacterial agent, and a beneficial food amendment for livestock. We rely on vinegar to make our own shampoo and conditioner, as well as refrigerator pickles and salad dressings.
Learning how to make fruit vinegar is easy. The only required “equipment” is a glass container with a lid (we use quart and half-gallon glass jars). We add to the jar the amount of fruit we have to work with, and then add 1 part sugar to 4 parts fruit, 1 to 2 parts water to 1 part fruit, and 1 teaspoon of standard baker’s yeast. We leave some room for the fruit to expand as it ferments, and leave the container’s lid loose so the carbon dioxide produced during fermentation can vent and not over-pressurize (and break) the container. We let this mixture sit out of direct sunlight for two or three weeks and then strain it through a cheesecloth into a clean container.
The process is simple. Our teenage son is in charge of production, and a local community-supported agriculture program was so impressed with his efforts that they recently donated a 40-pound box of bananas to help him kick-start a small business selling high-end banana cider vinaigrette.
For more detailed instructions about how to safely make cider vinegar at home, visit the Penn State Extension website. — MOTHER | <urn:uuid:98774a72-b249-421b-b79a-6f81b152cd22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/how-to-make-fruit-vinegar-zm0z16amzkin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.942025 | 424 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Titel: Transformation, Co-operation, and Conversion
Autoren/Herausgeber: Kazimiera Prunskiene, Elmar Altvater (Hrsg.)
Aus der Reihe: NATO Science Partnership Sub-Series: 4
Format: 23,5 x 15,5 cm
Gewicht: 890 g
The scientific-technical potential of the Baltic States and their possibilities for co operation with Europe require in-depth, specific analysis. With the deterioration of the structures of science and technology of the former Soviet Union, the severance of communications with former clients, industry and science and technology, the Baltic States - the leaders of the former Soviet Union in this area, faced a difficult new situation. The government budgets of these countries, due to economic decline, are not capable of financing scientific research and project studies, and industry has lost a large part (in some branches this loss reaches even 2/3 or more) of its potential, losing both funds and interest in the sciences. The conversion of industry in the Baltic States is tied with the whole of its restructurisation, which still has not attained more precise directions for a new specialization or connections to the international market. The earlier dominant branches, such as machine production, electro-technology, radio-technology and the electronics industry, require essential modernization, which is possible only through co-operation with other developed countries, especially with the EU and NATO countries. This co-operation could include new mobilized capacities of science and technology. A longer period of stagnation and separation may adversely affect these capacities and lead to their dilution and weakening, due to the "brain drain" of more qualified scientists and specialists to the commercial sector, which does not require high intellectual levels. | <urn:uuid:3cb0e7fc-c4a6-473e-aacb-9a02a34a38e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.buchhandel.de/buch/Transformation-Co-operation-and-Conversion-9780792341789 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891137 | 355 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Michael Serra’s Discovering Geometry, my favorite Geometry text, includes mathematical puzzles in each chapter. Most students love to work on these just for fun, often not realizing how well the puzzles are helping them develop mathematical and logical thinking skills. Serra uses puzzles like those in Discovering Geometry and many others as a regular part of his teaching, whether with fifth graders or high school students.
In Smart Moves, he has pulled together an assortment of sequential reasoning puzzles that might be used with students as young as fifth grade but that will also work through high school and college, and even for adults who enjoy the mental challenge. This book is the first in a planned series of books that will each focus on a particular type of mathematical reasoning.These puzzles include some that are great for a person to try on his or her own, some that require two players, and some that will accommodate more players. You might try some as a family.
Puzzles are divided into groups of various types of sequential reasoning puzzles: warm up puzzles (see sample to the left), racetrack games, movement puzzles, tour puzzles, magic square puzzles, sequential reasoning and algebra puzzles, and sequential reasoning and geometry puzzles. Within each of these groups except for geometry there are two or more types of puzzles.
Most of these puzzles are difficult to describe, but one of the simplest forms is the magic square puzzle in which there “is a square array of distinct integers such that the numbers in any row, column or main diagonal have the same sum.” You might already be familiar with the most basic form with three squares in each direction where the digits add up to 15 horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. Magic squares progress from this simple version all the way up to a 12 by 12 square with two- and three-digit numbers. Then there are algebraic magic squares!
Sliding block puzzles are similar to the small plastic four-by-four squares where you slide the numbers around using the one empty space to try to put them in order. Racetrack puzzles allow movement along a grid presented in the form of a racetrack, but movement is only done according to the prescribed number of moves along the x and y axes. Some of the tour puzzles allow movement only in the way a knight or a rook or a king might move—only one of these types of moves per puzzle. For those of us who enjoyed those geometry problems where you are presented with a number of lines crossing each other at different angles and asked to determine the size of the unidentified angles, there are a number of “angle chase” puzzles.
Puzzle solving tips, strategies, and even some hints are provided, and there is an answer key for all puzzles. There are reproducible racetrack and “puzzle board” pages in an appendix.
The publisher offers a set of 178 free color, downloadable PDF worksheets for people who purchase directly from their website: www.michaelserra.net. These are not the same as the pages in the book. They take puzzles presented in miniature in the book, and blow them up to a workable size. These will save you a lot of work in enlarging, photocopying, and other work to create immediately usable puzzles. To get them, you must purchase through the publisher's website rather than elsewhere.
Puzzles are challenging. Some students will gravitate towards these types of puzzles more than others, but many will enjoy doing them as a joint effort rather than a competition. Do not reserve them for only those students who are naturally interested. Within the 210 pages of this book, there are bound to be puzzles that appeal to everyone.
The goal throughout this book is to strengthen sequential reasoning abilities since such skills are critical in life in many areas besides mathematics. These types of puzzles are one of the best ways to accomplish this goal. | <urn:uuid:42071226-954b-4242-a0b8-7b4733713740> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cathyduffyreviews.com/homeschool-reviews-core-curricula/math-supplements/5th-grade/smart-moves-developing-mathematical-reasoning-with-games-and-puzzles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00532-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959031 | 799 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Are you trying to find the right bodybuilding diet plan because you want to build muscle? There are some rules you should follow, but bodybuilding nutrition is less complicated than many workout gurus say.
Workout And Bodybuilding Nutrition
You reading this article means you realized one important thing about building muscle and bodybuilding: lifting weights is one half of the equation.
The other is giving your body fuel to perform workouts with maximum capability and afterwards feeding it the necessary building blocks to increase muscle mass. This side of the sheet has two components:
- Carbohydrates as a fast fuel source before workouts
- Protein to construct the muscle mass you encouraged your body to build
If one or the other is missing, your performance will suffer. We’ll look at both and why we can cover these diet needs without the help of protein and other workout supplements. Finally we’ll calculate how much of each you need.
To do stuff, your body has two nutritional fuel sources available: carbohydrates and fat. In certain situations it will use protein to keep going, but when it comes to energy protein plays distant second fiddle to these two.
During low maintenance tasks (simply being alive, typing at the computer, driving your car etc.) the body relies on fat. But for high intensity activities (weightlifting, fast running), carbs go to the forefront, because carbs convert to energy much faster than fat. As weightlifting is one of the tasks where you need a lot of energy, doing it without carbs in your system limits your performance.
Carbohydrates themselves belong to one of two types: simple or complex. Simple carbs you digest faster than complex, so the latter provide your body with fuel for longer.
The ideal is to have about 50% of your daily calories come from complex carbs and some simple carbs 30 to 60 minutes before a workout. I find that eating a banana works great for the latter, as bananas are a great mixture of simple and complex carbohydrates.
Your body builds your muscles from protein and without it, muscle-building just can’t happen. Giving your muscles a great workout but no protein is like giving a bunch of diligent construction workers a blueprint but no concrete.
Aim for 1 g of protein per lb of body weight per day (or 2 g per kg). That’s the maximum amount research says is beneficial. More is just a waste.
To get enough protein you don’t need expensive supplements. Protein powders and such are just substitutes for getting enough protein from real food. For ideas check my video on cheap natural protein sources and the top 10 list of high protein foods I sorted by dollar value.
About Fats, Oils, Vitamins
They’re why getting your protein and carbs from real food isn’t only equal, but better than getting them from supplements. Real food not only gives you protein and carbs, but also all the other stuff your body needs. Without you taking any multivitamin supps.
If you ate that banana before a workout, you not only get a good helping of simple carbs, but also part of your daily needs for vitamin B and C, potassium, magnesium and more. Next day choose an apple. Or some grapes. Or a peach. It will be impossible for you to not have enough energy for your workouts and you’ll never suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiency.
The same is true for protein sources: cycle between fish, milk, chicken, lentils, beans etc. All have tons of protein and each comes with different “smaller” nutrients. Eat a tuna salad with vinegar and olive oil dressing and you get a motherload of protein, but also vitamins, minerals, fiber and essential fatty acids. Next day have a nice helping of beans or other legumes.
Calculating Your Personal Nutrition Plan
Let’s put this into a nutrition plan we tailor to your exact needs. First we calculate your daily energy needs (the “total daily energy expenditure,” TDEE) by using the below calculator. When it asks for “daily activity level,” choose the appropriate one:
This TDEE number is the total amount of calories you get to spend per day. These we’ll now “invest” according to your bodybuilding needs. The calculator also shows your BMR (“basal metabolic rate,” what you burn when you do nothing) and other numbers, but these don’t interest us here.
Going by what we said above, 50% of your calories should come from carbs and you’ll need 1 g of protein per pound of body weight. Keep three numbers in mind:
- Carbs have 4 kcal per g
- Protein has 4 kcal per g
- Fats / oils have 9 kcal per g
The 50 / 25 / 25 Rule
Let’s say I weigh 165 lbs and the above calculator gives me ~2,650 / day. 50% of my calories I need from carbs, so that’s 2,650 / 2 = 1,325. As 1 g of carbs has 4 kcal, I divide 1,325 by 4 and find out I need 331 g of carbs per day.
Now I still have 1,325 calories left. As I also need the protein, that comes in next. I weigh 165 lbs, I want 1 g per lb of body weight and as 1 g of protein has 4 kcal, I take 165 * 4 = 660.
With the daily carbs and protein sorted we have 665 kcal left. Those will go into fats and oils. As I know that 1 g of them has 9 kcal, I divide 665 by 9 and find out that I can have 74 g of fat per day.
The end calculation resembles a 50 / 25 / 25 rule:
- 2,650 kcal / day
- 331 g carbs (1,325 kcal, 50%)
- 165 g protein (660 kcal, 25%)
- 74 g fat (665 kcal, 25%)
Free Complete Nutrition Plan
Find out how much you need of the “big two,” protein and carbs, cover that with a variety of foods, do your workouts right, and you are all set for spectacular muscle gains.
If you still feel confused check my free bodybuilding nutrition diet plan spanning a full week. It’s in PDF format and you can download it for free right here. | <urn:uuid:0a557994-90ca-4bfe-b6dd-c7af6ea6d911> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evilcyber.com/nutrition/bodybuilding-nutrition/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.933221 | 1,333 | 2.0625 | 2 |
AWS Security Architecture Diagram
If you are building or supporting applications built on AWS cloud infrastructure then security is almost certainly at the forefront of every move you make when designing, deploying and operating your network environments.
With large sometimes complex environments, the ability to lock down your AWS infrastructure and data is extremely important, so anything that makes your security team’s job easier and doesn’t involve trawling through network logs and thousands of console settings can only be a good thing.
Provided bad actors don’t have access to your admin consoles, a very effective way to ensure your network is safe, is to visualize how traffic can enter your network and to visualize what that traffic would be able to access. Obviously, this is best done proactively. If you are checking access logs to see who got in and how, then it’s probably a bit too late. Getting to know your publicly visible attack surface is a good starting point appreciate what potential vulnerabilities exist.
With popular methodologies like DevOps comes the increased usage of Infrastructure as Code (IaC), in which infrastructure roll out is automated, managed and provisioned by machine-readable definition files. This API-driven approach is a core premise of automated cloud-first environments because it makes it easy to change your infrastructure programmatically. However it also makes it easy to introduce misconfigurations that leave the environment open to vulnerabilities. A recent Gartner report states that 95 percentof all security breaches are due to misconfigurations, and those mistakes cost companies nearly$5 trillion in between 2018 and 2019 alone.
Underlying these automation issues is the greatest potential vulnerability of all: Lack of Visibility. In environments as fluid and complex as modern enterprise cloud deployments, there could be hundreds or thousands of virtual networks, resource instances and accounts. Knowing what is running where and who has access to what is greatly enhanced through visualization.
Without visualization, vulnerabilities arising from misconfigurations can remain undetected for days, or weeks, or in the worst case scenario, only when there has been a breach.
Typically, cloud security posture management addresses these issues by continuously monitoring risk in the cloud through prevention, detection, response, and prediction of where risk may appear next, however giving experienced engineers line of sight through well laid out diagrams can give you a head start over CPMA automation.
As part of the AWS Diagram set automatically created by Hava when you connect your AWS read-only account credentials is the security group diagram.
AWS Security Architecture Diagram
When you look at the standard infrastructure view built by Hava, you get to see your network gateways and the availability zones, VPC’s and subnets that are present and the connections between the gateways and individual resources.
The above security group diagram comes at the network configuration from another angle. The diagram lays out all the discovered security groups and overlays the ports and traffic ingress / egress details that traverse the VPC.
Whether you are freshly qualified security graduate or a battle scarred senior security consultant, the ability to immediately see all your ports, traffic and potential vulnerabilities on one diagram is incredibly useful.
When you view the Hava AWS security diagram, at a glance, you can see whether the security has been configured in line with your cloud security architect’s intentions and that nothing has been missed or left vulnerable.
On the above ‘demo’ AWS environment you can immediately see port 443 is wide open.
On this AWS security architecture diagram, you can see all of your security groups stacked on top of each other. These security group rows are interactive. If you can see an open port and want to know what resources are governed by the security group, all you need to do is click on the group and the attribute information pane to the right of the diagram changes to display that information.
If you select the “Demo-Internal-Servers” security group on the above diagram for instance, the attribute pane metadata on the right habd side changes. Now we can see specific details about the group like:
- Ingress Ports and IP addresses
- Egress Ports and IP addresses
- Connected resources EC2 instances / Network Interfaces / Load Balancers
Most of these resources in the attribute pane are also ‘selectable’, so you can drill into each resource from the security attribute pane should you need to, without leaving the security group view diagram. There’s no need to flip flop between consoles and the diagram to find out what is going on.
If you are responsible for cloud security group frameworks as part of a cloud security solutions offering or are a cloud security consultant or engineer, you can probably see how much time you could save adding Hava’s security view diagrams to your engineering tool set.
How secure is Hava?
The first question security teams ask is how does Hava work and can we host it on our own infrastructure to ensure the ultimate secure environment.
We take every effort to ensure data is encrypted in transit and at rest and Hava only accesses AWS config data and never touches customer data or files
AWS keys are stored within our database using AES encryption, but we also promote and prefer using Amazon Cross Account Roles for allowing access.
Finally, you are free to tighten the associated IAM policy to whatever it is that you are comfortable with, and Hava will ignore any resources that can’t be identified due to policy settings. This of course will limit the accuracy of the diagrams and security views.
Hava also supports and recommends AWS cross-account role access, Amazon’s best practice methodology for 3rd party connectivity.
What DATA Does Hava Use?
The Hava sync process imports data via the AWS API. The basic level of information it requires to generate a useful visualization centers around the AWS EC2 service. Hava offers a variety of flexible IAM policy configurations that can allow or deny access to certain calls based on the users security policy and comfort of the service. This allows for a “progressive enhancement” style algorithm depending on the access granted to certain resources. You are in control of what Hava can see.
WHAT DATA DOES HAVA STORE?
Hava stores metadata around each running service (i.e. resource ids, configuration values, current metrics) to allow diagrams to be identified and created. Hava imports no data from within user services, but users are welcome to alter the IAM policy to allow a level of access they’re comfortable with.
IS HAVA DATA ENCRYPTED?
The application database instance is configured to store all data at rest, additionally, column-level encryption of any secret credentials is performed to ensure that data cannot be decrypted without a private key from the application server, this helps protect against potentially harmful SQL injection attacks.
WHAT PROTECTION IS IN PLACE AGAINST UNAUTHORISED ACCESS?
Hava takes security very seriously, only a core group of trusted Hava employees have access to production configuration data. Encryption is used by default for all network communication, and is also used within the database for any credentials. SSH and network-level access is disallowed on all servers, and we follow the principles of immutable artifacts and infrastructure to ensure what is tested is what is deployed.
CAN YOU SELF HOST HAVA?
Hava offers a self hosted solution for any users who must maintain control over where data is stored and accessed. If you have internal policies or geo-political governance that dictates where data can be stored, we are happy to arrange a self-hosted instance of Hava to build and store both yours and your client’s diagrams and metadata.
WHERE ARE THE HAVA SAAS DATABASE AND APPLICATIONS HOSTED?
The current SaaS production environment is currently located within USA. If you have specific needs for this data to be stored elsewhere, please get in touch with us.
If you would like to discuss your particular use case for Hava security visualizations and fully automated AWS infrastructure diagrams, please get in touch via chat or email.
You can jump straight in and try Hava SaaS for free at https://www.hava.io/
Originally published at https://www.hava.io. | <urn:uuid:5cd4e3d0-15bc-4256-b843-6ad380c2cd96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alanblackmore.medium.com/aws-security-architecture-diagram-ba7f02f1aa0d?source=read_next_recirc---------0---------------------e0c3b794_3de0_452d_b71b_074cee2baf6b------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.924959 | 1,722 | 2.25 | 2 |
Gary Johnson: Gingrich ‘proposed the death penalty for marijuana’
Over the weekend, struggling Republican presidential candidate Gary Johnson reminded MSNBC viewers that GOP frontrunner Newt Gingrich had once to called to punish some drug offenders with death.
“Newt Gingrich, in 1997, proposed the death penalty for marijuana — for possession of marijuana above a certain quantity of marijuana,” Johnson explained. “And yet, he is among 100 million Americans who’ve smoked marijuana.”
“I would love to have a discussion with him on the fact that he smoked pot, and under the wrong set of circumstance he proposed the death penalty for, potentially, something that he had committed. I have troubles with that,” he added.
Johnson, a former New Mexico governor who has advocated for marijuana legalization since 1999, is at least partially correct about Gingrich’s position.
As Speaker of the House, Gingrich introduced the “Drug Importer Death Penalty Act of 1996.”
The bill would have required a “sentence of death for certain importations of significant quantities of controlled substances.” It would have applied to anyone convicted more than once of carrying 100 doses — or about two ounces — or marijuana across the border. Defendants would have had a window of 18 months to file their one and only appeal.
“If you import a commercial quantity of illegal drugs, it is because you have made the personal decision that you are prepared to get rich by destroying our children,” the Georgia Republican said at a fundraiser for Rep. Charlie Norwood (R-GA) in 1995. “I have made the decision that I love our children enough that we will kill you if you do this.”
“The first time we execute 27 or 30 or 35 people at one time, and they go around Colombia and France and Thailand and Mexico, and they say, ‘Hi, would you like to carry some drugs into the U.S.?’ the price of carrying drugs will have gone up dramatically.”
U.S. law already allows the death penalty in the cases of large-scale drug operations — or continuing criminal enterprises — that result in murder.
Gingrich charged in 1994 that 25 percent of President Bill Clinton’s White House staff used drugs, but at the same time admitted that he had also smoked pot 25 years earlier.
“That was a sign we were alive and in graduate school in that era,” he explained.
“See, when I smoked pot it was illegal, but not immoral,” Gingrich reportedly told Wall Street Journal reporter Hilary Stout in 1996. “Now, it is illegal AND immoral. The law didn’t change, only the morality… That’s why you get to go to jail and I don’t.”
Watch this video from MSNBC, broadcast Dec. 10, 2011. | <urn:uuid:d955d8a0-7a53-406e-8ad5-a2a2c49b65ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fourwinds10.net/siterun_data/health/intentional_death/news.php?q=1323828362 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960396 | 602 | 1.65625 | 2 |
"Thirty spokes share the wheel's hub;? It is the center hole that makes it useful. ?Shape clay into a pot; ?It is the space within that makes it useful. ?Build walls for a room; ?It is the space within that makes it useful."
—Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching
In Hebrew theology there is the idea of tzim tzum, the act of God withdrawing in order to make space for creation to happen. Another interesting aspect of this idea is that God left creation unfinished and that humans are invited to participate in the continuing co-creation of the world.
The famous cellist Yo-Yo Ma says that music exists in the space between the notes.
I think that the wisdom of a tarot reading is found in the space between the cards.
We spend so much time and energy learning what each individual card means…deep and wide complex interpretations that make any one card worthy of intense study…but we spend so little time studying how they interact. We lay out the cards on the table and interpret them one by one. For me, those readings feel lifeless, like a computer-generated reading that cannot take into account the relationships between the cards. One notable exception is when dignities are employed, but even that technique doesn't recognize the magic and life that exists in the space between the cards. This is a shame because a tarot reading is so much more than the sum of its parts.
Most of my students do not come to me to learn the meanings of the cards. They come to me because they already know the meanings, and yet their readings feel lifeless. There are many things that we can do to create more cohesive, unified, and extraordinary readings—and this is my favorite thing to teach. One of the approaches is to pay attention to the interaction of the cards, what they do together in the space between them. The cards mark the foundation, but it is in the space between, like the space tzim tzum created, where new life, the exciting wisdom for that reading, is found.
Paying attention to the space between the cards is like attending to negative space in art. In Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain, Betty Edwards teaches:
"Emphasis on negative space unifies your drawing and strengthens your composition. Emphasis on negative spaces automatically creates unity and, conversely, ignoring negative space inevitably dis-unifies an artwork. For reasons that are hard to put into words, we just like to look at artworks with a strong emphasis on negative spaces. Who knows—perhaps it is our human longing to be unified with our world, or perhaps because in reality we are one with the world around us."
A reading that ignores the space between the cards is like a work of art that does the same: dis-unified and unpleasing. Worse, it is unsatisfying and lifeless. Besides creating a unified reading, paying attention to what the cards create between them reveals deeper wisdom that can be overlooked in a reading where the cards are interpreted individually.
Here is an example, a simple Past-Present-Future reading about the progress of a project.
A card-by-card reading might go something like this:
The parts of the project are spinning around, like a wheel with everything in its normal order, one after another with everything going according to plan like clockwork until something unexpected happened that caused things to move much faster.
By paying attention to the connective tissue, as it were, between the cards, we get a fuller picture.
The parts of the project are spinning around, like a wheel with everything in its normal order, one after another with everything going according to plan like clockwork. What happens between the Wheel and The Tower? The calm, cyclical movement is jarred to a halt as a big disruption crumbles the wheel. What happens after the Tower? The Tower throws everything up in the air, and Eight of Wands swiftly catches it, taking that force into itself. From the disruption, the Eight of Wands reforms the energy not in a cyclical motion but in a linear formation. Movement is changed almost violently from a gentle endless circle to fast moving lines, racing toward a conclusion that received its direction from an unexpected occurrence.
This second reading gives us so much more to work with and so much more information that can be useful. In the first reading, we get a sense that things are moving along very well until something happens, making a mess. In the second reading, when we see the interaction between the Wheel and the Tower, we can see that perhaps the Wheel isn't necessarily "everything going well" but perhaps a rigid system that lacks the flexibility to adjust to unforeseen events. If the Tower event hasn't happened yet, the querent can perhaps begin infusing his project with flexibility so that the conflict between the Wheel and the Tower is not as destructive. However, we should finish the reading before prescribing any advice.
By paying attention to the interaction between the Tower and Eight of Wands, we see that the momentum generated in the Wheel that was shattered by the Tower does not keep flying in all directions but rather falls into a linear pattern (rather than the cyclical pattern of the Wheel). So rather than the usual hot mess created by the Tower, when read in isolation, we see in this case that the project's energy actually becomes more focused, more elegant, more efficient.
Now we get the sense that the project was actually in an endless repeating cycle that might never have moved to conclusion if the Tower didn't help rearrange that energy. In fact, because the Tower card is in the "present" position it is possible that the event, whatever it is, hasn't happened yet. And it is even possible that it won't; this reading is one of advice for the querent: Do something, anything, to shake up your project or it will just cycle and cycle never getting finished.
The space between the cards. Explore it. Observe how the cards interact together rather than relying on rigid or strict card interpretations. The basic card meanings are a place to start. It's where they go from there that is fascinating. | <urn:uuid:55880899-00e1-4c1b-b411-13ff40b366a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.llewellyn.com/journal/print.php?id=2579 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.968216 | 1,263 | 2.53125 | 3 |
August 12th is International Youth Day, this year’s theme is around eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable consumption and production. With the world’s population rising, set to reach nine billion people by 2050, food security is a growing global issue. Australia is a vital food supplier, exporting up to 60% of the food it produces. But many young people have lost their connection to the country and are not aware of the exciting career opportunities the food and agribusiness sectors offer.
The subsequent skills shortage in agriculture is a problem for many of our clients, who struggle to attract and retain talent. Marc Oostdijk, Head of Sustainable Business Development at Rabobank, cites a very large berry farm that recently needed to recruit two farm managers.
Research was carried out among the 16–18 age group in Australia to find out their awareness of farming and food production. The results found:
- 77% of Australian city teenagers knew little or nothing about farming and food production*
- 68% didn’t know – or knew little about – how food gets from the farm to their plate*
Despite this, 90% of young people perceived farming and food production as very important to Australia*. But they still rate agricultural careers lower than occupations in medicine, engineering, business or design.
What’s it like to be a farmer?
To change attitudes and address some of the myths about agriculture, Rabobank developed the Farm Experience (FX) Program. Now in its third year, FX aims to give high school students a more accurate idea of what farming and its associated services are like.
“We came up with the idea of doing a presentation program in schools about food and agriculture, but realised that experience is much stronger than a story, and we could make it a more life-changing experience for the students,” Marc says.
Around 60 kids a year, aged between 16 and 18, are hosted through the FX Program. They’re encouraged to keep a blog and use social media throughout their stay, and give a presentation in school assembly afterwards.
Farm Experience is already seeing results. Even though the original aim was exposure not conversion, there have been enrolments in agricultural colleges following the program. Some students have also gone back to their host farm for an apprenticeship or a further visit to see what happens on the farm in different seasons, and in some case, taken their family to visit the farm with them.
A lesson for teachers
Rabobank is also educating careers teachers about the wide range of opportunities in agriculture. Many teachers hold the misconception that only limited roles are available. In reality, the majority of agriculture and food production jobs don’t even involve living on a farm.
- 51% of food and agricultural jobs are city-based
- Only 5–10% involve actually working on a farm
“Agriculture is much more than milking cows and sitting on a tractor,” Marc says. “A farm is a business like anything else and requires skilled people in areas such as accounting, marketing, HR, science and quality control. Australia has many huge agricultural companies that export globally, so you could apply your marketing degree to work in agriculture.”
Importantly, the agriculture sector needs innovators. Without innovation, it will be impossible to produce food and feed the growing population without pressure on the environment.
“The challenge is not how can we grow as much as possible, but how can we do this sustainably? How can we produce more food with depleting resources? Innovation is the one thing that can make this happen. That’s the kind of brainpower that the industry needs to take things forward and the opportunity for the younger generation.”
If you’re considering a career in agriculture:
- Familiarise yourself with the industry and the wide variety of jobs it offers
- Be open to talking with young people in farming who have already made their first steps into a career in the industry
- Ask them what working in the agricultural sector is really about
How would you inspire teenagers to choose an Ag career?
*Source: Rabobank Farm experience program - urban youth research - by House of Brand, May 2014 | <urn:uuid:7a4fa833-04ad-4d60-86f2-b798ee2e4937> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.rabobank.com.au/insights/2016/08/11/08/44/inspiring-teenagers-to-help-feed-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962615 | 869 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Abu Hanifa is one of the earliest Imams of jurisprudence in the Islamic world. He had read up on a great many things on his road to outlining the first juridical framework of its kind within the nascent Islamic civilization.
Among that texts that he went through were 5,000 narrations (or 50 or 500 thousand according to some) attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (saw). These narrations are known as Ahadith (singular: hadith) According to later biographers, the Imam advised his son, Hammad, that out of this corpus, five contain the essence of the entire collection, and these five are fittingly abstract and sublime:
1. Deeds are by Intentions
Perhaps the most frequently transmitted and quoted narration, it predates the legal concept of mens rea (guilty intention) by 700 or so years.
Not all our intentions and thoughts come to fruition, sometimes thankfully. Similarly, not all our deeds turn out out to be the outcome of our true intentions. The intention is the cause of the deed and should be taken into account, in both moral and criminal matters.
2. Mind your own Business
Towards the perfection of one's faith in Islam is the attitude that the person leaves alone what doesn't concern them.
The aforementioned concern should not be construed in a narrow sense as some do: what is not of direct physical or spiritual benefit to the person should not be their concern. That would be a very selfish point of view and would certainly pleaese those in authority and power.
A dutiful social person would be interested in their community and state but their concern should be constructive and should not extend to matters that are best left alone. Matters left alone are usually those that will take care of themselves over time, or are matters of individual preference, freedom and taste.
3. Love For Others what you Love for yourself
Very similar to the 'Golden Rule', it is the foundation of equality, empathy and charity.
4. Right and Wrong are Clear
Stay away from temptation. Primarily, faith and the law have laid down the extremes of behaviour that definitely result in good and bad results. There is a gap between them where a person's own judgement is paramount, and that is where the more cautious will be happier. The remainder of this narration describes a shepherd whose cattle might be tempted by the green grass of a forbidden area.
5. The Harm of the Tongue and the Hand
"A Muslim is one from whose tongue and hands others are safe." With the obvious caveats, we all know that physical violence is not tolerated in a civilized society where the use of force has been ceded to a sovereign ruler. Avoiding physical violence is the minimum as the unrestricted use of the tongue is just as harmful. | <urn:uuid:b88244f5-9c31-412f-8ae5-6265618dc4a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qern.org/the-distilled-essence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.964036 | 573 | 2.859375 | 3 |
"Typical Forms of Clouds."
In: "A Book about the Weather" by Charles F. Talman, 1931. P. 18.
Library Call Number M T151b.
Image ID: wea03006, NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) Collection
Photographer: Archival Photography by Steve Nicklas, NOS, NGS
Category: Weather Wonders/Clouds/Fog/
• High Resolution Photo Available | <urn:uuid:a70bcbd4-81d9-468f-b851-2d3aa7591f44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/wea03006.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.664592 | 93 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Previous Challenge Entry (Level 1 – Beginner)
Topic: Vision (08/03/06)
TITLE: I once was blind, but now I see
By Jerry Ware
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It was not all bad; I got to make some friends that would give to me on a regular basis. Many of the people knew me by my name, but all the others only knew me as the blind guy. I had heard about this man they called Jesus and how He was healing people of some serious diseases. I thought to myself, if it were only true and maybe He could heal me too.
It was a weekday afternoon that I went to sit and beg as all the other days before and that I didn’t know that, that same day my life would change. As I sat at the gate of the city I kept hearing commotion and laughter and even railing and people yelling. I wasn’t sure if it was a fight or what. I was hoping though that I would get a good deal of money for we were short of food that week. As the crowd seemed to be getting louder I could hear several voices that I had not heard before. Within a few minutes the atmosphere seemed to change, you know, not in a bad way just different. I really can’t explain it. Then a voice that I had not heard before said, “Master, who did sin, this man, or his parents, that he was born blind?”
I knew instantly that they were talking about me. I wasn’t sure why I became the topic of their conversation, but I was definitely going to let them know that I was blind not deaf. I was not angry, but I was hurt that they took my blindness as a sin in my life or my parents. My parents have been very good to me, perhaps they didn’t know what to do at every situation, but they have always been there.
As I started to say something, a different voice spoke, One with compassion and calmness in His voice. I heard Him speak of God and how He came to work the works of God. Then the sound of one spitting, I heard some moving in the dirt and before I knew it He had smeared mud on my face over my eyes. I was taken by surprise and even more so when He told me to go and wash my face in the water. So I wiped the mud away and was going to go back to give Him a piece of my mind. Then as I opened my eyes, I was looking at about 50 people starring at me. I was wondering why they were starring then it hit me…
I could see…I could see!!!!
I was no longer blind. I was actually seeing people, the buildings, birds, and animals. I was looking at people with eyes that were no longer darkened. I didn’t know what to say, but I ran back to the man that put the mud on my eyes and before I got to Him, I heard His name called, Jesus. I knew the name. I had heard about Him many times. As I approached near unto Him many caught me and said that I was not the man who was blind, but another and I said, “I am he”. I was then taken before the Pharisees and questioned. After I had answered their questions they became angry and cast me out. As I was walking and looking with amazement, the Man called Jesus came and spoke with me. He told me He was the Son of God and asked me if I believed and I said that I believed.
I praise Jesus every morning now when I wake up. I get to see things that most take for granted.
The opinions expressed by authors may not necessarily reflect the opinion of FaithWriters.com.
If you died today, are you absolutely certain that you would go to heaven? You can be right now. CLICK HERE
JOIN US at FaithWriters for Free. Grow as a Writer and Spread the Gospel. | <urn:uuid:479015ec-08ca-42e8-be66-0cc57a235dbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.faithwriters.com/wc-article-level1-previous.php?id=10211 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.995593 | 853 | 1.5625 | 2 |
More than 40% of the waste created on Ganesh Chaturthi is plastic, which takes 1000 years to decompose.
Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems that we face today globally. There are more than 40% of the waste created on Ganesh Chaturthi is plastic, which takes 1000 years to decompose.
In our workshop we use Clay to build our Ganpatis. Clay comes from nature and dissolves naturally when it gets wet, so there is no harm done to our environment. Clay also absorbs carbon dioxide from the air around us which makes it good for our environment as well as for people living there! You will find lots of benefits with using clay statues like these ones such as being environmentally friendly since they do not require any harmful chemicals (like paints) to keep them looking nice for longer periods of time.
Take-away: Kids take home one Eco-friendly Clay Ganesha sculpture
At the end of the workshop, kids will have created one clay Ganesha sculpture. The best part? The clay can be dissolved in water and used to water your plants! No harm to the environment!
There's no need for waste with this activity! Any extra clay, we show the kids how to recycle the clay so that it can be reused!
The workshop is for Kids (3 years and above). Our instructor can explain what the child will create and how many hours commitment is needed from the child.
The young artiste will make his/her own ecofriendly Ganpati either through hand building or through our mold, and it can be painted it with home-made colors made from natural ingredients like turmeric and red vermillion powder. They can also add some of their favorite things related to Ganesha to make it look more attractive like his mouse or laddoos!
How will the Ganesha's look like?
Have a look at this video, showcasing the artistic Ganpatis created by the kids last summer.
For Teens & Adults, you too can join in the fun!
Book your session in Jumeirah or you can also do it Online on Zoom! We will help you source out the clay and tools, and you can easily do it online with our fantastic teachers! Online via Zoom is perfect for people who are not living in Dubai, but would like to take this opportunity to learn first hand.
If you're interested in learning more about the workshop, or if you'd like to schedule a class with us for you or your child, please email us on [email protected] or fill out the form below. The workshop is happening in Jumeirah (behind Mercato) and we have limited space available.
HAPPY ECO SAVING GANESHAS! | <urn:uuid:0b9ab177-5c35-45a7-b766-ae1c214728ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artezaar.com/blogs/workshops/eco-friendly-ganpati | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.943763 | 570 | 2.890625 | 3 |
A MARINE is hoping to raise enough money to bring a sick puppy he rescued from a suspected Taliban compound to the UK.
Stamford-born Corporal Steve Sharrad, 28, of 42 Commando’s L Company, found the pup on a routine mission to occupy a compound in Afghanistan.
The company cleared the compound and found the dog, who they later named Trigger, tied up in a corner.
Cpl Sharrad took pity on the dog and rescued him.
But he now needs to raise about £5,000 to get Trigger to the UK and safety.
The former Queen Eleanor School pupil, who is currently on sick leave in Plymouth, said: “We went out to occupy the compound and made some arrests.
“We normally have to leave someone there to tend to the livestock so we left a young lad there and paid him $10 for the puppy.
“I carried him three quarters of a mile back to our checkpoint. He was riddled with fleas and covered in ticks, he was in a bad condition.
“His front legs were tied together when we found him, so he couldn’t run away from the compound.”
Cpl Sharrad started feeding Trigger on military rations to build up his strength, before a dog handler provided some working dog food.
He had some worming tablets sent out in a care package, along with flea powder and a flea collar.
Cpl Sharrad added: “Trigger is now doing much better. We didn’t know if we could keep him alive at first but he is now fit and well.”
The company is trying to bring Trigger to the UK with the help of Nowzad, a charity that rescues stray and abandoned dogs from Afghanistan and Iraq.
The £5,000 target will pay for the puppy’s flight, vet bills and six-month quarantine period.
Trigger is thought to be a Weimaraner Labrador cross.
Cpl Sharrad said: “It’s possible I will take him home myself. I’m talking to my wife about it but we do have two cats so it could be difficult.
“Trigger is great in the camp, he’s a stereotypical puppy and a bundle of fun. Everyone loves him.
“I had to ask permission from my boss to keep him, who wasn’t impressed to start with, but Trigger won him over. The lads are taking care of him out there and he’s in a position to start his recovery process.
“I have had quite a bit of support from my mum and filmmaker Chris Terrill, who was filming a Channel 5 documentary with us, has been a massive help.
“I have every intention of going back to see Trigger as soon as I can.”
If you would like to help rescue Trigger and bring him to the UK, visit www.justgiving.com/nowzad-trigger. | <urn:uuid:48052413-8aa4-4a61-8847-e78c625094ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/news/politics/stamford-born-soldier-wants-to-bring-dog-he-rescued-home-from-afghanistan-1-2958264 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980292 | 629 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The Separation Technology
High-quality, sustainable separating solutions for recycling, food and bulk goods
Shredder Light and Shredder Heavy fraction
ASR - Automotive Shredder Residue fractions consist of a mixture
of different recyclable materials. After separating the ASR into SLF (shredder light fraction)
and SHF (shredder heavy fraction), there are different steps to recover valuable materials.
TST Overseas offers complete reliable solutions and machines like ZigZagSifters,
Cross Flow Sifters, Milling machines, Screening machines and Separating tables for the state-of-the-art recycling process of ASR material.
Non-ferrous metals, slag separation
Non-ferrous metals used to be, and still are, of great technical
and economic importance. The increasing demand as well as the rising raw material prices lead to an ever further developed recycling process for the recovery of red and light metals. TST Overseas offers machines and complete solutions like ZigZagSifters, Milling machines, Screening machines and Separating tables for the state-of-the-art recycling process of the non-ferrous metals and slag separation.
electrical and electronic cables
Recycling of electrical components and electronic cables
e.g. from electronic waste or ICW from ASR downstream plants, is more important than
ever to recover the valuable material to for the economic cycle. The highly efficient
recycling process offered by TST Overseas offers, is based on the recovery of the non-ferrous metals like copper and aluminium, with a minimum of metal loss. Therefore our recycling process is also focused on clean and valuable plastic fractions, suitable for
further recycling. TST Overseas offers machines and turnkey solutions for the recycling of ICW (insulated copper wires).
Construction and demolition waste (C&D)
will become more and more focused in the recycling industry. Due to the development
of the construction of buildings with more complex structures, facades and insulating materials, the recycling of different materials becomes more important.
TST Overseas offers machines like Screening machines, Zigzagsifters and
Separating tables for the separation of fine and coarse fractions.
The importance of plastics’ recycling is increasing,
due to ever rising oil prices, changing legislations and with regards to reducing or even avoiding landfill waste. Precise separation steps for the separation of heavy and light plastics, for example for the recycling of PET bottles or plastics from electronic waste and household waste, are important steps TST Overseas can offer.
MRF / glass separation
Another important step in the economic cycle is the
recycling of waste glass from household waste as well as from public bottlebanks oder returnsystems. In several processing steps, the mixed input materials will be converted into individual clean fractions to get the recycled input material e.g. for new bottles. TST Overseas offeres machines like Screening machines, Zigzagsifters and Separating tables for the separation of the fine and coarse fractions.
red and light metal separation
In cable recycling plants and also in slag recycling plants and ASR plants,
there is a mixture of the non-ferrous metals as end products. This is where TST Overseas comes into play. Our machines and solutions provide the possibility to separate the non-ferrous metal mix into red metals and light metals, to increase the value for our clients. Especially in the fine fractions 0-15 mm our solutions are the state-of-the-art technology. TST Overseas offers machines and turnkey solutions for the separation of non-ferrous metals into red and light metals.
and many other applications ... | <urn:uuid:a0b96828-6a95-4a20-b889-a25334c4e6b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tst-overseas.de/solutions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.88087 | 790 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. Largely an agricultural society, employment opportunities are difficult – and any opportunities for those with a disability are even harder.
Moldova is currently at a crossroads as it looks increasingly towards Europe and yet is still heavily reliant on trade with Russia.
Whilst there are small signs of improvement, corruption against the State has had long term repercussions in terms of financial strength and stability of the country.
ChildAid has worked in Moldova since 2000 and currently has four partners:
Tony Hawks Centre: the country’s foremost rehabilitation centre offering non-invasive therapies to children living with disabilities
Phoenix Centre: a partnership with UK charity, MAD-Aid, offering rehabilitation therapies and day care for children living with disabilities in the north of the country.
Esther House: a day centre for children from vulnerable families in rural Moldova
Family Love: preventing abandonment in the poorest families in the disputed territory of Transnistria | <urn:uuid:0db65d25-0734-4e29-8a03-dc50e913c0ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.childaidee.org.uk/fundraiser/miles4moldova-77-laps-of-the-village/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.951619 | 200 | 1.835938 | 2 |
With lawmakers and judges throughout the country rolling back access to abortion, Governor Hochul will ensure that New York remains a national leader in protecting reproductive rights.
Throughout her career, Kathy has been a champion for reproductive rights. Today, her leadership is more important than ever, as states across the country — along with Donald Trump’s Supreme Court — continue pushing anti-abortion laws that will put tens of millions of people at risk.
As Governor, Kathy’s work has affirmed reproductive rights and cemented New York as a safe haven for all people seeking care. As part of these efforts, she has directed state agencies to coordinate a statewide public information campaign, including developing a Patient Bill of Rights to make New Yorkers aware of their rights and legal protections. Additionally, she directed the state to update existing regulations to make medication abortions more accessible during telehealth visits and urged Facebook to provide information on and take action to combat abortion misinformation online.
As she has throughout her career, Governor Hochul will continue fighting for reproductive rights and will work to ensure, without a doubt, that those seeking care in New York will be protected. | <urn:uuid:0c5cbad9-b31a-45e5-95a7-8a632d8ad72e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kathyhochul.com/priorities/reproductive-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.959365 | 234 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The ADAMHS Board of Cuyahoga County is pleased to offer FREE online screenings for the following behavioral health issues:
These screenings are anonymous and are not intended to be a diagnosis. The screening tools can help you identify signs that you or someone you know might have a behavioral health issue. The results only indicate that you may benefit from a professional consultation and services.
Click this link to access the screening program:
Please Note: The online screening program is an education initiative of Screening for Mental Health, Inc. (SMH), and all screenings are informational, not diagnostic. The online screenings, like the paper and pencil screenings held on SMH national screening days, are conducted anonymously and diagnoses and treatment recommendations are not provided. | <urn:uuid:0fa7c274-e7e5-4cbb-a187-4c1cc0254651> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://adamhscc.org/en-US/online-screenings.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933015 | 149 | 1.648438 | 2 |
A statistical model that uses genomic data to calculate which patients are most likely to develop oesophageal cancer eight years before diagnosis has been developed.
It is known that the DNA of tumours has areas that are either deleted or repeated as the cells copy and multiply. This is not found in healthy tissues. Using whole genome sequencing scientists were able to use this information to help diagnose patients earlier by developing a statistical model that was able to determine whether a patient was at a high or low risk of developing cancer in the future.
Professor Rebecca Fitzgerald, from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit at the University of Cambridge, explained: 'Early diagnosis of cancer is one of the best strategies to improve patient survival and decrease the side-effects from treatments. However, this strategy can result in overtreatment – patients incorrectly identified as high-risk and given unnecessary treatments. We need to find new ways to accurately spot cancer progression at a very early stage to help us identify those patients at greatest risk.'
Scientists at the University of Cambridge and EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in Cambridge sequenced the DNA of 88 patients diagnosed with Barrett's oesophagus, which is a condition that can lead to oesophageal cancer. They compared the sequences to 777 DNA samples from healthy people. The scientists identified differences between patients who went on to develop cancer and those who did not, and from there they developed a statistical model determining each patient's specific risk.
Published in Nature Medicine, the researchers stated that their model accurately identified 50 percent of the patients later diagnosed with oesophageal cancer more than eight years before their diagnosis, which increased to 70 percent one to two years before their diagnosis.
Significantly, the model was also able to identify patients who were at low risk of developing oesophageal cancer, saving these patients from regular invasive monitoring or unnecessary treatment.
Joint first author Dr Sarah Killcoyne from the MRC Cancer Unit at the University of Cambridge and EMBL-EBI, said: 'Our research shows the power of genomic medicine for the early detection of cancer. We combined low-cost sequencing of standard tissue biopsies with statistical modelling to identify which patients were at greatest risk of progressing from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal cancer.'
Genomic mutations that lead to cancer may arise several years before a patient is diagnosed with the disease, therefore this new approach may have the ability to improve early diagnosis and treatment. | <urn:uuid:65fd884b-123e-4bfa-8d57-2fbf23f73468> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.progress.org.uk/oesophageal-cancer-detection-may-be-accelerated-by-genome-sequencing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.961422 | 513 | 3.109375 | 3 |
In an exciting and extremely important discovery, a tooth and bone remains were found in a cave in Bulgaria in an indication of the oldest trace of a human being in Europe to date due to new historiography work recently published by a team of international researchers.
It re-analyzes the monuments found in the Bacho Kiro Cave In northern Bulgaria, the history of the existence of modern humans on the European continent for about 45,000 years, according to two articles published by Nature and Nature Ecology and Evolution magazines.”
Nikolai Sirakov, one of the authors of the archaeological excavations and professor of archeology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, told AFP ” It is the period which saw the arrival of the first human groups to the European territories from the Middle East and their coexistence with groups of Neanderthals (Neanderthals) in a period of between five thousand and ten thousand years”.
He added ” The scientific estimates indicate that these events took place during the period dating back to from 38 thousand years to 42 thousand years ago. We have proven that it is due to something older than that”.
A statement by the College of France (College de France), to which two members of the international team belong, indicated that the effects of Bacho KiroIt is the oldest known European model that indicates the existence of Homo sapiens in the Stone Age Old top.
Humans have reached Europe About 45,000 years ago, they gradually took place where Neanderthals were occupying it”.
The time between the existence of human groups in the two categories of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens raises many questions, while this new history provides additional elements.
A first history of antiquities prompts Carbon 14 to believe that the period ranged from 46,940 years to 43,650 years.
On the other hand, a second method based on DNA analysis from mitochondrial cells pulled from the bone showed that the period ranged between 44,830 years and 42,616 years, according to the College of France. | <urn:uuid:7c80d66b-3b5c-4b29-8522-d27ea529295d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.openr.org/an-important-discovery-here-appeared-the-oldest-human-being-in-europe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.953762 | 418 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Dietitian or Nutritionist?
Do you know the difference between a nutritionist and a Dietitian? Many people assume they’re the same thing, but they’re not.
In Australia, anyone can call themselves a Nutritionist or Dietitian, no matter what their level of training is, because the government doesn’t regulate the practice of professional nutrition.
To help overcome the potential problems that this can cause, two bodies provide accreditation of qualifications relating to nutrition and nutritional advice that helps protect consumers from misinformation given by unqualified people.
Given that anyone can call themselves a Dietitian or Nutritionist, from now on we’ll be referring to accredited Dietitians and accredited nutritionists.
The basic difference between Dietitians and Nutritionists
The basic difference between accredited Dietitians and nutritionists are their level of education and training, and the type of education and training that they have undertaken. Based on both the type and level of training, each is accredited in the types of advice and services they can offer too.
Accredited Dietitians are typically the highest trained of the two, and suitably accredited Dietitians are recognised by government bodies and health providers as bona fide providers of diet related advice.
Dietitians are qualified nutrition experts in food, nutrition and dietetics who can provide tailored advice to people of all ages on weight loss, healthy eating, medical nutrition therapy, and disease prevention and treatment. Because of their education, training and experience, Dietitians can tailor eating plans which take into account your person preferences, lifestyle and medical history. In addition, they can provide ongoing support and expert guidance.
The cost of seeing a dietitian can vary depending on their level of experience and area of expertise. If referred by a GP, some dietitian fees are subject to Medicare and private health insurance rebates.
Some Dietitians specialise in sports nutrition and are qualified to advise athletes on nutrition specific to their needs.
If you have been referred to a Dietitian by your doctor, the Dietitian will often work closely with the doctor.
Unlike Dietitians, nutritionists aren’t typically employed in roles that provide tailored nutrition advice to individual patients. They tend to provide expert advice to wider audiences, like the general public, on topics like public food safety, the health benefits of food, etc.
Some accredited Dietitians working in broader government or commercial roles use the title nutritionist to accurate reflect their day to day role. These people are still qualified to provide one-on-one advice and support, they just tend not to in their current roles.
There are currently no Medicare rebates, and only limited private health insurance fund rebates for Nutritionist fees.
Other providers of dietary advice
In addition to Dietitians and Nutritionists, dietary advice is available from weight loss consultants employed by weight loss companies like Weight Watchers and Tony Ferguson, naturopaths and even personal trainers.
Weight loss consultants are typically trained by the companies that employ them, often including Dietitians, but their education is fairly basic, but useful in a general sense.
Naturopaths are often trained and accredited by bodies such as the Australian Natural Therapists Association. Naturopaths typically adopt a more holistic approach involving things like natural medicines, homeopathy, herbalism, and acupuncture, as well as lifestyle techniques.
Personal trainers are experts in exercise, and for weight loss, diet and exercise go hand-in-hand. As part of their accreditation, most personal trainers receive some formal education in basic nutrition, and of course they also learn from the experience of their many clients.
When choosing a Dietitian, make sure to check their qualifications and look for the APD credential.
Also ask if they specialise in weight loss, or anything else you are seeing them about.
When it comes to all the other professions offering dietary advice, remember that each of these groups have varying levels of education, training, experience and knowledge, so as a general rule, look for professionals with the highest possible level of education and experience.
© Copyright Ultimate Weightloss.
This article was written by Scott Haywood.
Scott is the editor of weightloss.com.au. Scott has developed an expertise in fitness and nutrition, and their roles in weight loss, which led him to launch weightloss.com.au in 2005. Today, weightloss.com.au provides weight loss and fitness information, including hundreds of healthy recipes, weight loss tools and tips, articles, and more, to millions of people around the world, helping them to lead happier, healthier, lives.
You can follow Scott on Google+ for more interesting articles. | <urn:uuid:b2f13aba-f565-413d-a4d9-e7f26324d684> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.weightloss.com.au/weight-loss/weight-loss-articles/dietitians-and-nutritionists.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00095-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961274 | 973 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Pinnacle Studio: How To Do Two Track Editing with Studio Plus
Pinnacle Studio is an excellent non-linear editing software program that offers a lot of effects while remaining easy to use. This is a great program for someone with an interest in video production to start editing their videos on. Part of it's simplicity is that it uses two video tracks on the timeline for editing--one for your main video and the other for titles as well as overlays for compositing.
How Multi-Track Video Editing Works
Multi-track video editing allows users to blend several videos into one image. The track system works on a universal principal that all editing systems obey. The higher video track is dominant over the lower ones.
For example, let's say that you have two video clips and that Clip A is longer than Clip B. We place Clip A on track one and Clip B on track two with both of them starting at the same time. Because the video on track two is dominant over the video on track one, we would only see Clip B playing in the video player. When Clip B is complete, only then will we see Clip A.
Step 1: Editing Standard Video in Two Tracks
You can use the two track system to your advantage when editing together regular video clips that are joined only by cuts. You can put Clip A on track one with Clip B on track two. Adjust the end and start points of the two videos until you find a point where the cuts are seamless. This system can help you edit your work faster.
Once you do find that magic moment, you should trim the two clips and then move Clip B down to track one. As an editor, you should always keep your timeline neat and organized so that editing decisions are not accidentally undone by sloppiness.
Step 2: Two Tracks and Titles
You need to have two video tracks if you plan on adding titles over your video. The video clip will be on track one while the title will be on track two. Create the title so that is has a transparent background; this way only the text covers your video clip.
Step 3: Two Tracks and Effects
There are some video effects that require you to have at least two video tracks. The most common of these is Chroma Keying. Chroma keying has become very popular in the digital age as it has become cheaper to shoot on a green screen and then digitally add the background as opposed to building a set. Chroma keying is sometimes called green screening.
If the green screen was lit evenly, then this is an easy effect to pull off. Simply place the green screen shot on track two and the background on track one. Then, add the Chroma Keyer effect to your green screen clip. Use the color dropper to select the specific green color to take out and manipulate the settings to make it disappear. If the green screen was not evenly lit, then you may need to apply this effect several times.Popular P&S Cameras for High Quality Photos: | <urn:uuid:3ea60307-eb06-4fe1-8ee7-e9d85ff98662> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/photo-software/pinnacle-studio-how-to-do-two-track-editing-with-studio-plus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00268-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947343 | 614 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Report that looks at the existing objectives for DLA and the changes the Government hopes to bring about through the introduction of PIP (Personal Independence Payment); assesses the government’s consultation and communications process for the reform; examines the Government’s performance to date in assessing the likely impacts of the policy change; analyses the eligibility criteria and the new assessment for PIP; and assesses the proposals for implementation and contracting arrangements.
A web resource of policy briefings, publications and research on the topic of the Disabled People's Independent Living Movement and independent living in Scotland.
Article that analyses the way in which admissibility rules related to standing and victim status can in certain circumstances exclude persons with disabilities held in mental health institutions from the protection of the European Convention on Human Rights by denying them access to proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights.
A report on monitoring implementation (public policy and programmes) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Northern Ireland.
Report that looks at local authority compliance with the Short Break Duty through analysing 55 short breaks services statements that have been sent to EDCM from local authorities.
It aims to identify good practice and also to explore what further guidance it may be helpful to provide local authorities with to enable them to fully meet the requirements of the Duty and the needs of local disabled children and their families.
Report looking at what good support means to people with disabilities.
A comprehensive presentation of the most relevant evidence available on Disability Living Allowance (DLA) and the proposals to replace it with a new benefit, Personal Independence Payments (PIP).
It gathers together existing information and analyses over 500 group responses to the Government’s Response to Disability Living Allowance reform (obtained under FOI request 989).
The report is entirely written, researched, funded and supported by sick and disabled people, who came together through social media to share their experiences, skills and talents.
The evaluation involved a literature review to consider the co-production approach in more depth and understand how it is applied in other sectors. This showed that coproduction is best described by its underlying principles and values rather than by a precise definition. The term refers to the empowerment of service users and frontline staff to achieve an agreed outcome or service, usually, but not always, within a social care context. Services are developed ‘with’ and ‘by’ people rather than ‘for’ them, and the engagement should be from beginning to end of the process.
Report that presents a summary of the latest information collected from the full wave one of the Life Opportunities Survey (LOS), for which fieldwork was conducted across Great Britain between June 2009 and March 2011.
A report based on the interim results - year one of the first wave of fieldwork - was published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in December 2010. The findings in this report replace the findings presented in the interim report.
Survey which aimed to find out more about the levels of isolation families with disabled children experience and how this impacts on their family life. It also explores what would help families most when they feel isolated and whether the growth of the internet and social networks help. | <urn:uuid:f56520e6-806d-4683-aff5-e9bda2e88e48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lx.iriss.org.uk/category/learning-exchange/people-groups-and-communities/disabled-people?page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.934413 | 656 | 2 | 2 |
OBJECTIVE OF RASSI: The objective of Rassi is to not win the last trick of each round and to be the last player to be eliminated.
NUMBER OF PLAYERS: 2-9 Players
MATERIALS: A standard 52 card deck, and a flat surface.
TYPE OF GAME: Trick-Taking Card Game
OVERVIEW OF RASSI Rassi is a trick-taking game for 2 to 9 players. It is related to the game Kurkku.
SETUP To set up a player will be the dealer for the round. They will shuffle the deck and deal each player 6 cards facedown. The remaining cards are placed in a facedown pile near all players.
After hands have been dealt the dealer will ask the table, “is it free?”. This signifies to any player that if they do not have any face cards (kings, Queens, and Jacks) may throw in their hand and get a free hand redealt to them. The dealer will then ask “doubles?” This allows all other players to exchange their hands for a new 6 card hand. However, if a player who accepts doubles gets the highest card of the last trick, their penalty score they receive from the card is doubled. Then the dealer asks “redouble?” Any player may again exchange their hand for a new 6 card hand this time it will quadruple the penalty score if this player receives the highest-ranked card in the final trick.
Card Ranking The cards are ranked with Ace being the highest and 2 being the lowest rank of card. The full ranking is Ace, King, Queen, Jack, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. The suit of the cards doesn’t matter in this game.
In this game, aces are the highest-ranked card, except for the last trick in which they are the lowest-ranked card.
GAMEPLAY Rassi is played over a series of rounds 먹튀검증 in these rounds, you will play 6 tricks. To start the game the player to the dealer’s left will play the first card of the trick. From then on, the winner of the trick will start the next one.
When playing a trick in Rassi the player who starts the trick may play any card they would like. The remaining players must then play a card that is the same or higher rank. If they cannot play an equal or higher-ranked card then they must play their lowest ranking card. The player with the highest-ranked card or the highest-ranked card played last.
The cards played by players will remain in front of them. Anyone can look through other players’ cards when deciding what cards to play for their turn.
SCORING When the last trick of the round is won, the player who won the trick is penalized. They receive a score equal to the rank of the card the trick was won with. Aces and Jokers are worth 1 point, king 13, queen 12, jack 11, and the remaining cards are worth face value.
Once a player reaches or exceeds 50 points they are eliminated from the game.
END OF GAME The game ends once all but a single player has been eliminated. The remaining player wins. | <urn:uuid:4f9e5574-020b-47e4-b55b-d721f1cbb97c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogfreely.net/iopsmadas/rassi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.968018 | 701 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Californias public employees pension fund, CalPERS, is no stranger to scandals. Accusations against the fund have ranged from pursuing political agendas to outright corruption. Earlier this month Sean Harrigan was ousted from his position as chairman of the CalPERS board partially because he led an aggressive corporate reform effort. But the funds problems do not stem from individual board members: any massive government investment agency will eventually succumb to political or financial temptations. The best way to avoid future problems is to privatize the state pension system.
CalPERS is the largest pension fund in the United States, managing $177 billion for more than 1.4 million state employees and retirees. Its thirteen-member board of directors is appointed by state officials (who pick three members), by the governor (six members), and by CalPERS members (also six board members). Although the board has a fiduciary duty to maximize returns for state employees, it often uses the investment power of the fund to pursue political objectives.
CalPERSs push for good corporate governance has gone beyond attempting to make corporate boards work better for their shareholders, singling out companies for political reasons. For example, CalPERS demanded that Safeway change its board of directors and get rid of its CEO. Not coincidently, most CalPERS board members have ties to labor unions and Safeway had recently taken a hard line against striking grocery store workers.
Another example of recent activism by CalPERS is its consideration of a policy of refraining from investing in companies that provide services that compete directly with state jobs. CalPERS also demands environmental accountability and investment in environmentally responsible companies and technologies. Under both of these initiatives, CalPERS is pursuing goals other than the maximization of return for the pension fund.
More troubling than lower returns is the prospect of CalPERS directing private companies to promote its political agenda. The first sentence in State Treasurer Phil Angelidess environmental investment proposal states that CalPERS should use their financial clout in the marketplace to promote their environmental objectives. But governments already have clout with businesses when they pass legislation through the democratic process.
In a capitalist economy the government is not supposed to have additional clout in the corporate boardroom through the ownership of companies. The economic system in which the government owns the means of production is called socialism. When a government fund grows as large as CalPERS and begins to influence corporate decision-making, citizens should be concerned that we are moving too far down the road to serfdom without a public vote ever being taken.
Fortunately, the political influence of CalPERS can be eliminated without harming Californias state employees. CalPERS has political clout because it is a defined benefit plan, managing the pool of all state employee and employer contributions and paying retirees a set benefit for life. Its power in the market stems from the fact that it gets to manage all the money. A move to a defined contribution plan would take away its ability to manage the money.
Under a defined contribution plan, employees would contribute a portion of their pay, the state would match the contribution, and funds would go into an individual retirement account, similar to a 401k. Then individual employees, not the CalPERS board, would decide how assets were managed. Since many employees would choose different mutual funds or index funds, no one agency would have the power of CalPERS.
Privatizing CalPERS need not be as messy as fixing Social Security because CalPERS has assets$177 billion of them. Individual accounts should be established at the present value of what an employee is entitled to under the current system thus ensuring that employees are not made worse off. To establish the accounts, assets should be sold and unfunded liabilities explicitly recognized.
If done correctly, privatizing CalPERS could take the politics out of investment decisions without burdening state employees or taxpayers any more than they already are.
|Benjamin Powell is a Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute, Director of the Free Market Institute at Texas Tech University. He Independent Institute books include The Economics of Immigration: Market-Based Approaches, Social Science, and Public Policy, Housing America: Building out of Crisis, and Making Poor Nations Rich.|
THE ECONOMICS OF IMMIGRATION: Market-Based Approaches, Social Science, and Public Policy
Few topics in current affairs are as contentious as immigration. Yet despite the controversies, social scientists who study immigration largely agree about its effects, whatever differences they may have about how a nation should change its policies. Their findings, however, have been buried in academic journals accessible only to other scholarsuntil now. With the publication of The Economics of Immigration: Market-Based Approaches, Social Science, and Public Policy, edited by Benjamin Powell, readers can now easily access the substance of the vast scholarly literature about a subject that touches millions of lives. | <urn:uuid:56550e23-1c7b-4623-94c6-8e97393c0564> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1442 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00497-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959566 | 989 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Paul Ramírez Jonas’s We Make the Treasure, the second installment in the Exploratorium’s Over the Water series of large-scale commissioned artworks for public space, explores the value of objects lost and recovered, above and below the water line. By traversing layers of present-day experience and forgotten history, the work invites you to investigate the visible and invisible forces that make something a treasure.
On February 17, 1863, the schooner Beeswing sank with her cargo and crew as she was returning to San Francisco from Monterey.
e-flux » Announcements
// From our friends at E-Flux | <urn:uuid:3db2bb95-432e-4e1f-b3de-08cd4d7d34b4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.brooklynartproject.com/2014/06/paul-ramirez-jonas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00179-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898005 | 133 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Tomorrow is the anniversary of the commissioning of the USS New York, the $1B warship has 7 1/2 tons of steel salvaged from the World Trade Center (2009), the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811), the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway (1885), the Republican Symbol was started by Thomas Nast in a satirical cartoon (1874), President Roosevelt was elected to his fourth term (1944) and the first black governor was elected (in Virginia) (1989). Birth anniversaries include opera star Dame Sutherland (1926), scientist Marie Curie (1867), American actor Dean Jagger (1903) and French writer and philosopher Albert Camus (1913).
Did you vote yesterday? If not, shame on you. You don’t need to vote for each position up, if I’m not familiar with particular candidates for a position and can’t make an informed choose, I by pass it. I vote knowledgeably on the candidates/issues I am familiar with. Please, make a commitment to the American system and commit yourself to vote in each election in the future.
It’s unbelievable. After all the controversy at Penn State over the last few years, the power elite still don’t get it. They are selecting a new president to replace retiring interim president Rodney Erickson. The process is totally secret and even the trustees are being kept in the dark. Transparency is not a difficult thing to do, if you are upright and don’t have hidden agendas. I think the 96,000 students should have an armed uprising. 🙂 Just kidding, NSA. 🙂 And do you know the best part? The people selecting the new president met in a BASEMENT in a hotel off campus. How ludicrous can they be?
The last 8 residents in Centralia can live in there homes as long as they want. If you are not familiar, Centralia is that coal mining town in NE Pennsylvania that a seam of coal ignited and has burned since 1962. The fire has followed several seams in and around the town and seems to have tamed down these days, but in it’s hay day, fissures would open up and smoke and fire would come up through them. Most residents left, but a hardy 8 remained refusing the government’s attempt to buy them out. Besides it being their “home”, many felt it was a conspiracy to steal the mineral rights. The state government tried all kinds of tactics to get them out and the last 8 wouldn’t budge. It all pretty much died a decade or so ago. Recently, the state started again to try and evict them and they filed a federal lawsuit and came to a compromise. The state bought their houses, the residents can stay at their own risk, but they can’t sell the house or bequeath it. Sounds fair to me.
Why are our gas heating bills going up this year? Natural gas prices are raising an average of 6% I’m hearing (Equitable, my provider is raising their rates 8.9%) during the largest glut of natural gas in history! Now I understand Columbia gas is doing a capital project replacing all (I think it’s all) of their old lines. I can understand paying for that. And I thank all the heavens that we have Tanya McCloskey as our head of the Pennsylvania Office of Consumer Advocacy, when asked why the PUC is permitting these increases she said “The reason additional supply does not necessarily mean lower prices is that customers’ gas prices depend on several factors”. Oh, I understand now. Thank you Tanya for clearing that up for me. I’m not advocating that she be fired, maybe shot? Just kidding NSA.
The oldest public park in Allegheny County recently received the country’s highest designation. The Commons, originally an Allegheny City pasture designated for common grazing of animals, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. I don’t think that will affect the battle with the railroads that wants us to pay to raise the truss bridge on West Ohio Street to accommodate their double stacked cars. The bridge needs replaced, it’s in pretty poor shape and I’m fine with paying to replace it, but not to raise it so they can make more money off the tracks. #1 it’s going to do some serious visual disruptions to the park. #2 quite a few of those stately London Plane trees will have to be removed. #3 our fore fathers had the foresight to put the track below grade to minimize the noise, dirt and visual of having a train go through their park. #4 if the rail company wants to be able to double their profits, they should pony up and either A-lower the track bed to accommodate the higher cars or at least B-pay for the added cost of bridge replacement to accommodate them.
The Federal Reserve Bank downtown is going to be converted to a Drury Inn and Suites by next year. They are looking to create a 180 room hotel in the upper floors leaving the grand first floor pretty much as it is. Drury is an international company (with a really annoying website) with 130 room hotels. Currently they only have 4o parking spots, not sure what they’re going to do there, but Drury runs higher end hotels, the the room rate would probably warrant carving out the multiple basements into parking. This will be their first hotel in Pennsylvania. They will be joining Hotel Monaco under construction in the old Reed Smith building on Sixth Avenue that plan 250 rooms and is also pretty upscale. Watch out Fairmont, competition’s on it’s way. 🙂 An Embassy Suites is under construction in the old Oliver Building on Smithfield Street and the new Hilton Gardens down by Market Square. A little bed and breakfast on the Northside better watch out, the big boys are moving to town. 🙂
Want that unique holiday gift? Try checking out Tucker-Jones House Tavern Puzzles. Blacksmith Dennis Sucilsky hand crafts forged steel brainteasers. Going back to colonial times, tavern owners supplied iron puzzles to their guests to entertain (and retain) them. They frequently used iron puzzles because of their durability. One of Denis’ puzzles, the Patience Puzzle takes 43 steps to solve, if you even can. They start at around $20 and box sets run just over $100.
Anyone that knows me or follows my blog know I follow the news a lot. I used to watch BBC World News Tonight, until they quit broadcasting it a couple of years ago. DirecTV now carries Al Jazeera on channel 347 and I’ve been watching it a fair amount. It’s not that I’m against American news broadcasts, and Al Jazeera doesn’t come off with an “agenda”, it’s the same news American networks are covering with a slightly different slant. And they cover things American new broadcasts don’t cover, and I’m not talking controversial topics, just things outside the box. Also, they have noticeable less commercials! I’m not against commercials, in general. Companies need to make money, it’s the over saturation of commercials during prime time on the major networks that bother me.
The oldest company in America making the original product they were founded making is Waterbury Button Company. When the war of 1812 stopped the import of buttons from England, Aaron Benedict started making buttons at his company in Connecticut. Brass was hard to come by then and Aaron scrounged metal from everywhere he could find it. Every time they make a mold, they save it. They have 40,000 dies for various button designs they made. They have been the major supplier for the US Military, all the way back to before the civil war. They provided the buttons for the staff officers on the original Titanic and when the movie producers recently made the remake, guess where they got their buttons? Pretty cool, a made in America product.
I’m going to the Pennsylvania Bed and Breakfast Association Second Annual Conference. (PABBI) It’s just one evening and a full day, but there’s always lots to learn and it’s great seeing other Innkeepers I already know and meeting others. There’s always new stuff to learn and stuff to see. I’m looking forward to it.
That’s it for today, have a great one, | <urn:uuid:92950a31-c187-4324-a782-b929d4c7108e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theparadorinn.com/wednesday-november-6-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00504-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963597 | 1,761 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Published August 4, 2021
A friend in upstate New York took a fancy exercise class the other day. The instructor wanted everyone to do vigorous leg work. She said brightly: “Just imagine you are kicking Jim Jordan. That’s it! Imagine you’re kicking Jim Jordan! Good!” Mr. Jordan, a Republican, represents Ohio’s Fourth Congressional District.
I posted the anecdote on Facebook, starting with the words: “The way we live now.” I thought it might make an interesting Rorschach test. It did.
Almost immediately, someone commented, “He deserved it.” Other comments followed, along the same line. I thought the image of a group of Americans physically attacking a fellow citizen because they disagreed with his politics—acting out the assault in an exercise class for very nice people, who think of themselves as kind and good—might give friends on Facebook pause. I thought it might make for a moment of self-awareness. It was a little prissy of me to think so.
Civilization is a thin veneer, as people used to say when men wore neckties and held the chair for ladies as they sat down to “dine.” Manners tend to be an item of nostalgia now, and whatever veneer may have been there once has long since disappeared.
Mr. Morrow is a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center. His latest book is “God and Mammon: Chronicles of American Money.” | <urn:uuid:366a28fe-f300-4858-aaa0-fe59c1d69a6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eppc.org/publication/kicking-jim-jordan-isnt-healthy-even-at-the-gym/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.968468 | 317 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The High Court has agreed to hear a major native title case involving a large area of the Torres Strait.
The Torres Strait Regional Seas Claim Group has been fighting for recognition of native title rights since 2001.
A key element of the case is whether the claimants rights include taking fish and other marine resources for commercial purposes.
Fishing in the area is regulated by a licensing regime which the Queensland Government says has extinguished native title rights.
The claimants won their first case in the Federal Court in 2010, but lost on appeal before the full bench.
Today the High Court has agreed to take another look at whether native title rights have been extinguished over the area. | <urn:uuid:fd3386ad-ca81-408a-abba-44dd518e5df9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-05/high-court-to-hear-torres-strait-native-title-case/4298150?pfm=sm§ion=qld | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960805 | 133 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Early Childhood Education
Not sure where to start your research, you are in the right place!
Tips to begin:
- Contact me, your librarian, with questions!
- Set up the UF VPN: When you're off campus, you will need to use the UF VPN software to access electronic databases, journals and books.
- Search the library catalog for books or journals.
- Search subject databases to find articles in journals.
- Use Interlibrary Loan to place requests for books and journal articles not owned by the UF Libraries. | <urn:uuid:d6fc3a60-bec2-43c0-a9a7-3b9aa619f052> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.uflib.ufl.edu/earlychildhood/welcome | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.8822 | 114 | 2.078125 | 2 |
How Much Does an Actor Make? Actors made a median salary of $40,860 in 2019. The best-paid 25 percent made $58,580 that year, while the lowest-paid 25 percent made $25,180.
- 1 How much do actors get paid?
- 2 How much does an actor earn per movie?
- 3 Is acting a high paying job?
- 4 Does acting pay well?
- 5 Who is lowest paid actor?
- 6 Who’s the highest paid actor of all time?
- 7 What is the richest job in the world?
- 8 Is actor a good career?
- 9 How do I become an actor?
- 10 Do child actors get their money?
- 11 How much do kid actors make?
- 12 How do actors get so rich?
How much do actors get paid?
According to U.S. News, actors made nearly $40,860 –median salary–in 2019. The top-paid 25% earned $58,580 while the lowest-paid 25% actors earned merely $25,180. Meanwhile, the mean salary was $58,280. The best-paying cities for this profession are New York, Los Angeles, New Haven, Denver and San Francisco.
How much does an actor earn per movie?
Salaries for the world’s highest-paid film actors currently range from US$20–30 million, but an actor can earn substantially more by deferring all or part of their salary against a percentage of the film’s gross, known within the industry as a “profit participation” deal.
Is acting a high paying job?
Acting is not only a career but also a glamorous dream for many youngsters in India. If you see the earnings in this job, this occupation should be at no. 1 position for the highest paying job in India. There are several acting schools where you can learn the art of acting.
Does acting pay well?
Actors made a median salary of $40,860 in 2019. The best-paid 25 percent made $58,580 that year, while the lowest-paid 25 percent made $25,180.
Who is lowest paid actor?
Top 10 Lowest Paid Actors in Hollywood
- 1 1. Johnny Depp.
- 2 Shia LaBeouf.
- 3 Nicolas Cage.
- 4 Robert Downey Jr.
- 5 The Rock.
- 6 Michael Cera.
- 7 Ashton Kutcher.
- 8 James McAvoy.
Who’s the highest paid actor of all time?
The all-time highest-grossing actor in the United States and Canada is Samuel L. Jackson. The cumulative lifetime box office revenue of all movies in which he has had a starring role amounted to about 5.7 billion U.S. dollars as of February 2021, owing mostly to his role as Nick Fury in the Marvel film franchise.
What is the richest job in the world?
Top highest paying jobs in the world
- Chief Executive Officer.
- Investment Banker.
- Senior Software Engineer.
- Data Scientist.
Is actor a good career?
Acting is a tough but extremely rewarding, and most importantly, fun career choice. A lot of people dream to be actors and join the elite of Hollywood A-listers, but the path is not for everybody.
How do I become an actor?
Steps to Becoming an Actor
- Jump into theater in high school. The path to acting careers can actually begin in high school plays and musicals.
- Get experience outside of school.
- Get educated.
- Practice makes perfect.
- Build up an acting resume.
- Hire an agent.
- Latest Posts.
Do child actors get their money?
Most child actors, unless they are told otherwise, will expect that the money they earn is theirs to keep and that it will be available to them when they come of age. Unfortunately for child actors, there are only laws like the Coogan law in FOUR states in the country: California, New York, New Mexico, and Louisiana.
How much do kid actors make?
For one day, the base rate is $1,030 for either a half-hour or one-hour show. For a week the rate is $3,575. Usually, a young person starting out will make one of those rates, scale payment, plus an added 10% for commission due to their agent.
How do actors get so rich?
The simplest answer to why actors are paid so much is that people pay so much to watch them. Most people associate acting with wealth, and for good reason. The world’s most successful actors can make tens of millions of dollars for a single film. | <urn:uuid:2018dff6-4fa8-4037-acef-3fc53e1fd1c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.morganrickmantalent.com/actor/quick-answer-how-much-is-an-actor-paid.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.94994 | 1,016 | 2.015625 | 2 |
May/June 1994 | Volume 45, Issue 3
A D-DAY VETERAN’S GRANDSON ATTEMPTS TO FIND THE ANSWER TO THAT MOST IMPENETRABLE QUESTION: WHAT WAS IT LIKE?
The Reverend Maurice Kidder used to wake at five to write sermons in his dark study where the beagle slept; that early hour seemed to give him the clarity to compose his lectures, which he delivered in an unaffected but commanding baritone voice each Sunday at his All Saints’ Church in western Massachusetts. By the time I knew him my grandfather had been giving sermons for more than thirty years. He was a tall, powerfully genial man with blue eyes, a colonial-looking head of wavy white hair, and a long, squared jaw. I knew a few things about him: that he drove faster than my parents did, in a white Rambler with blue vinyl seats; that he liked Heath bars and believed in God; that he ate leftover ham fat with a spoon in the kitchen at holidays; that he sang very beautifully in church or while washing his hands. He had played football in high school, where they called him Tiny to be funny, and his boyhood New Hampshire town had a name out of the Iliad , Laconia.
I did not know very much about his war.
A few years after my grandfather’s death from a brain tumor in 1975, my grandmother Isabel Kidder began to leave me clues about his time in the Army. Even before he died, I’d worn his 29th Infantry Division’s yin-yang patch sewn on my denim jacket (alongside Boy Scout Jamboree patches). Now she brought out other knicknacks from the war, including a picture of him as an Army chaplain smiling with long-ago buddies in Europe. Then the truly heavy-freighted objects came down from the attic: the Eisenhower jacket during one high school Christmas and, finally, the black footlocker.
The footlocker emptied the war out safely onto the livingroom rug, broke it down into small resonant show-and-tell objects that anyone could hope to understand. Here were his discharge papers, metal soap dish, Bible, letters, old USO programs and issues of Yank , a retrieved Nazi helmet ornament, logs of his Army sermons, a four-day guide to Paris (“The Place de l’Opéra is without contest one of the beautifullest and most animated places in the world”), and the booklet “Going Back to Civilian Life” (telling former soldiers when they could still wear their uniforms). Like most GIs who came home, he had stuck his mementos into the attic and got on with it. The family used a pair of German toenail clippers he’d poached from a dead panzer soldier along with a Luger that went to his older brother, Stan. But he rarely mentioned the war afterward that my mother remembered, except obliquely: using the German term for police or sneaking open new jars of peanut butter to write “Kilroy was here” and close the lid.
The jacket always made me feel a little inadequate, even after it was taken up some in the sleeves. I wore it in high school wandering the comparatively safe brownstone blocks of West Side Manhattan. My coat had seen action. That, of course, would be true of some Ike jackets bought at Army-Navy stores, but it was humbling just the same to learn my coat’s—my grandfather’s—missing history.
Kidder was in the service even before Pearl Harbor, having joined the Army Reserve for a little extra money his freshman year of college. In August 1940, when he was twenty-eight, he resigned his position after two years as a Methodist preacher for two small parishes in California’s rural San Joaquin Valley and went back East, hoping for a family posting in the Reserves. The Depression was still deep, and the Kidders traveled back to New Hampshire as they had come, Isabel taking the two small children—my mother, Phyllis, and Uncle Joel—cross-country by train, with her husband hitchhiking his way behind. As he had while thumbing his way West, Kidder noted each obliging driver, distance, and make of car in a little diary. He made it from California to Cleveland trading off driving with a young salesman in a gray ’38 Plymouth. Then two Fords (a ’3O and ’38), a businessman who disagreed with him about Hitler, a truck driver, a “broad-minded” fellow in a Mercury sedan, a ’39 Buick, a DeSoto coupe driven by a lame ex-stunt flier, and a dairy semi took him to Laconia, where his family was waiting. In March 1941 he applied to be a Reserve chaplain in Maryland and worked a series of manual jobs in the meantime. Then came news of Pearl Harbor.
According to the crowded eighteen-page Army memoir he left behind, Kidder next moved his family to Maryland, then was called away with the 175th Regiment of the 29th (the “Dandy Fifth”) to North Carolina for training. After that it was to Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to guard bridges and rail yards against Axis bombardment; then to Newport News, Virginia, to protect a tobacco warehouse full of docked, crated Buicks, stranded by the crisis. Following a second turn of Carolina maneuvers, Kidder shipped out for England as senior chaplain (a captain’s rank) with the 29th (he would go ashore in France with a field artillery unit). They were part of the great rehearsal for the Normandy invasion staged at Slapton Sands, where, he noted, practice shelling went on above the heads of Hebridean sheep. Most of his fellow soldiers were certain they were training to storm Holland.
One night in 1943 Captain Kidder attended a USO show in Okehampton featuring Bob Hope and Carole Landis. As the Army crowd was returning to camp, a battalion arrived to see the show after a fifteen-mile night march from Plymouth. The men had been told the wrong starting time and got a view of Hope just as the comedian was leaving the huge shed where he’d deadpanned to great success for the troops. “He looked at these men,” my grandfather wrote, “and went right back and put on another show.…”
In addition to the shelling and climbing drills, the men practiced landing unwieldy amphibious vehicles called DUKWs—converted General Motors trucks that eventually would carry many of them into the German guns on Omaha Beach. The ducks, as they were inevitably called, held 105-mm howitzers, which the men practiced firing toward shore when their boat had reached the wave’s crest. Kidder’s chaplain’s logs show sermon attendance growing dramatically as the invasion neared, from 90 soldiers in January 1944 for the “sex morality lecture” to 398 in June, just before they moved out.
The summer I was eighteen I visited Normandy to see what was left there. I went with my friend Teddy Reiner in June. That Ike jacket had obsessed me. “It wouldn’t have fitted any of them” is what William Manchester says heavily at the end of Portrait of a President about staffers’ finding John Kennedy’s World War II jacket in a White House closet. I felt just as pious about my coat, that it was unearned and would never quite fit me.
That June we visited Deauville and Trouville in our backpacks, saw topless women along the beach, ate profiteroles on the boardwalk, but didn’t look in at the great seaside casino. In Baveux we stayed near the train station, and as we crossed a stream walking to town, I tried to imagine sleeping under the handsome stone bridges, as my grandfather had done between the June landing and July 18, when the division took St.-Lê.
We ignored the famous tapestry in favor of the bloody beaches, which, of course, were bloody no more. A neat green bus with sepia-tinted windows took us out along quiet green-bordered highways. It sounds like a cheap effect to be shocked by the peace of an old battle scene, but then it happens to you. We saw the clipped hillside graves and painted crosses, made our way down the slope the Germans had guarded to the beach where the thousands of Allied craft rolled in. Nothing was on the horizon, not one outboard. Flat red stones crunched under our sneakers.
I landed three times on June 6th 1944, on Omaha Beach, and each time, because the beach was crowded, was obliged to retreat with our troops to the sea again. The next day when I landed I was asked by the division chaplain, with the Jewish chaplain, to read the first service over 800 men lying in a scooped-up trench in the sand at Omaha Beach.…This was probably the first funeral service in the invasion.”
The largest amphibious landing in human history had itself been turned back by a terrific sea storm. In a famous gamble Eisenhower rescheduled Monday’s attack for Tuesday morning, when the weather might just be clear enough. Chaplain Kidder started out in one of the twelve ducks, then, since he carried no weapon, was moved to a Rhino transport barge bringing big guns and Army vehicles ashore. By the time Kidder’s barge approached, the beaches were all smoke and the French hillside was lit by artillery flashes. Five thousand ships were involved in the landing, converging on the fifty-mile-long stretch of shore from Caen to the Cotentin Peninsula. Reverend Kidder spent the first day trying to get ashore, talking with a fellow noncombatant from the Chicago Tribune when they could hear each other above the din. They felt shells go overhead and saw other boats swamped by waves or sunk outright. A soldier in one of the barge’s forward antiaircraft turrets was hurt by a shell burst, and Kidder went to attend him. “When I heard the wounded boy’s name, I was sure he was Catholic,” the Methodist minister wrote. After reading him the official absolution contained in one of his chaplain’s pamphlets, Kidder “could see that he was saying something; bending close, I heard him protest, ‘But I’m not Catholic!’”
The barge’s motors died, clogged with shale. Kidder was moved again and finally went ashore in an assault boat when the worst of the invasion was over. “For us it was a pleasant trip, the sun shining…no worries except…the boat had to maneuver carefully among the sunken craft and vehicles, some with dead men slumped in their anti-aircraft ring mounts.” Up the hill, at St.-Laurent (where the bodies from his initial service would be permanently reburied), he met Brig. Gen. Norman Cota, who was weeping from exhaustion. The general peered at the sky and wearily told the chaplain that he had “a son flying up there somewhere.” To make up for what he saw as his late arrival, Kidder volunteered to clear German and American bodies from the prized road between St.-Laurent and Vierville—the dead of the fight that followed “the first breakout from the beach.” In his memoir Kidder has kind words even for this ghastly duty, praising the rugged physiques of the dead panzer troops he hauled from the road into the truck bed. And he kept so much of the horror to himself that he only notes the truck model, like an entry in his hitchhiking diary. “I came into the St.-Laurent cemetery with a long wheelbase GMC ‘Sixty-Six’ piled as high as the sideboards with corpses, so high that they almost fell out over the tailgate, going up the last steep hill.”
What had it felt like? He never said. The letters home were often abstract, while the journal crammed too much in to explain. After my unsatisfying pilgrimage to Normandy, Teddy and I went downcontinent to Italy with our packs. The 29th, on the other hand, had pressed on eastward almost eight hundred miles through Holland and Belgium and across the Rhine to the Elbe River. Kidder records being shot at by Free French boys having reckless target practice and of a near miss leaping from a jeep in a French village when he felt the shudder of an approaching shell and of another time in a trench when a shell exploded on the other side of the hedgerow. By March 1945 he could write his wife from Germany that while “there have been direct hits in the roof” of the Gothic cathedral at Cologne, the supporting arches were undamaged. From a distance the twin spires looked like two fir trees on a lawn.
None of his decaying Army papers had got me much closer to my grandfather’s war experience or to him, which I supposed had been more the point of all this. Then last year my mother (having inherited the remaining attic stash from Isabel) sent me a tape recording less than two minutes long made by Reverend Kidder in his Massachusetts study in June 1969.
The Kidders had been about to fly to France for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Normandy invasion when they each taped a short message for their children, on the off chance something happened to their plane. The year 1969 was a hard time for patriotic celebrations, and Reverend Kidder’s message must have sounded almost as strange then as when I finally heard it more than two decades later. There is his clear, Yankee voice introducing a song he’d written about D-day a couple of days after landing, and which he kept in his head until the end of the campaign. He tells again about his arrival and the mass burial service for the dead on Omaha Beach, then describes an experience that does not appear in his matter-of-fact journal: “Two days later, I awoke in the morning with a song—a bugle note tune—ringing in my mind. It seemed to me I knew exactly what the notes were saying, and, after two days I was able to write it down.”
The words he laid over the bugle song are stiffly heroic.
When I first heard him sing, his voice making round sonorous vowels, r’s slightly rolled, through the hiss of his home recording, it raised the hair on my neck. And when he finished the last stanza—taps-like, “Set then your trum-pets blowing”—it did me in.
It is the sound he woke up with fifty years ago, and while the King Jamesian words were partly a deflection, I thought I could hear beneath them what the sorrowful notes were saying. The heartbreaking little song gave up something of France in June 1944 that the old papers, letters, and teen-age pilgrimages never had. This was as close as we could come. | <urn:uuid:fc84f742-023b-4849-b8e4-dc17e7e0cd9d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.americanheritage.com/print/58357 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983289 | 3,208 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Miklós Bóna’s text fills the gap between introductory textbooks in discrete mathematics and advanced graduate textbooks in enumerative combinatorics, and is. Introduction to Enumerative and Analytic Combinatorics. Front Cover. Miklos Bona. CRC Press, Sep 18, – Computers – pages. Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics by Miklos Bona, , available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide.
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Good introduction to enujerative functionology. There’s a problem loading this menu right now. Kirubakaran marked it as to-read Dec 12, Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics by Miklos Bona. It includes a well-written description of the fundamentals of combinatorics and several chapters of applications.
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A Different Type of Generating Function 3.
Examples really make it a lot more intuitive for someone who has been away from complex analysis for some time. I got it for the section on Analytic Combinatorics, hoping it would cimbinatorics a little gentler supplement to the excellent Flajolet Sedgewick.
Additive Combinatorics Bela Bajnok. Home Contact Us Help Free delivery worldwide.
Kj marked it as to-read Feb 05, One of the best aspects of the book is the conversational tone in which it is written. D in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally.
ComiXology Thousands of Digital Comics. Combinaatorics book first deals with basic counting principles, compositions and partitions, and generating functions. Description Written by one of the leading authors and researchers in the field, this comprehensive modern text offers a strong focus on enumeration, a vitally important area in introductory combinatorics crucial for further study in the field.
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Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics
Miklos Bona’s text fills the gap between introductory textbooks in discrete mathematics and advanced graduate textbooks in enumerative combinatorics, and is one of the very first intermediate-level books to focus on enumerative combinatorics.
Arash Ashrafzadeh marked it as to-read Jun 09, Withoutabox Submit to Film Festivals. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments I How: If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? Visit our Beautiful Books page and find lovely books for kids, photography lovers and more. Return to Book Page.
Add both to Cart Add both to List. Shiva Prasad Varma marked it as to-read Jun 21, Want to Read Currently Reading Read. | <urn:uuid:3dffe962-a30f-4968-bf79-cf6e6fab5520> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://francebass.com/introduction-to-enumerative-combinatorics-by-miklos-bona-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.864841 | 836 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Living is a wasteful business. Just think of all the stuff we dispose of down are drains and toilets. Pharmaceuticals, oils, cosmetics, hair, condoms, glues, paints, nail polish removers, soap, urine, feces, food remnants, toilet paper, pesticides, dyes, cleaning agents, blood and even vomit. And there are plenty of bacteria and viruses that go down as well. The original answer to this onslaught to nature was that the “solution to pollution is dilution.” Basically that meant the mess would be diluted enough in natural water systems so that it would not come back to bite us in the rear when it came to recycling water. And of course water has to be recycled. They just don’t make the stuff any more. But as the complexity of society increased, and as more and more waste was generated, novel technologies had to be introduced to deal with waste water.
Numerous methods are used to deal with sewage but they all involve some sort of holding tank to allow solids to settle to the bottom and oily substances to float to the surface where they can be skimmed off. The water is then exposed to various microbes that are adept at decomposing organic waste. The sludge that remains is either buried, or in some cases, is used as fertilizer. Any remaining contaminants in the sludge, such as silver nanoparticles, can be a problem.
So, what are silver nanoparticles? Imagine taking your silver candlestick and putting it into some sort of grinder and grinding away until it has been reduced to tiny particles, so small that each one is less than one billionth of a millimeter in size. And on this scale, the “nano” scale, you’ll be looking at a different world. Of course, one single nanoparticle is way too small to be seen, but the collage of nanoparticles of silver will no longer appear as a bright, shiny metal because the tiny particles now absorb and reflect light in a different fashion, giving them a yellow colour. Long before anything was known about nanoparticles, artisans ground silver finely and added the particles to glass to give church windows a permanent yellow colour.
As particle size decreases, the ratio of the surface area to volume increases dramatically. Just a pinch of nanoparticles has a gigantic combined surface area. And this is what plays a pivotal role in the antibacterial effect attributed to nanosilver and explains why it is incorporated into textiles. The goal is to kill bacteria that are responsible for producing body odours which are the result of bacterial action mostly on the fats found in sweat. Enzymes called lipases produced by bacteria break down fats to yield small odiferous molecules such as butyric, propionic and isovaleric acids.
Insoles of athletic shoes are also sometimes treated with nanosilver particles, as are the inner surfaces of some appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners. In all these cases the intent is to make use of silver’s antibacterial and antifungal properties, which are now well understood. It turns out that metallic silver itself is inactive, but in the presence of moisture and oxygen, a process known as oxidative dissolution occurs. This leads to the formation of positively charged silver ions, a result of silver atoms losing an electron to oxygen. It is these ions that interfere with bacterial metabolism.
But there is a degree of concern with nanosilver particles being used in a wide array of consumer items because when textiles are washed, or when appliances are discarded, some of the silver, and consequently silver ions, end up in waste water. The resulting antibacterial action can interfere with the work of microbes in the treatment plants. And if sludge from these plants is used as fertilizer, which is common because of its high phosphorus content, soil microbes, including nitrogen fixing bacteria can suffer, causing damage to agricultural land. It has been estimated that if everyone buys just one silver-particle treated pair of socks a year, the silver concentration in waste water sludge can double. Of course this is not a realistic possibility.
There are other issues that arise with the commercialization of nanosilver, including some unsubstantiated hype. For example, some washing machines advertise that the billions of silver ions released in each wash cycle kill 99.99% of bacteria. But regular washing in hot water also kills over 99% of bacteria. Quibbling over a less than 1% difference in antibacterial effect is hardly good science. There are also questions about just how effective nanosilver in fabrics or shoes actually is in terms of preventing smells, and surveys have also shown that some products that say they contain silver don’t, and some that don’t make the claim, do. And in many cases the silver is actually not nano, which would reduce its disinfectant efficacy because, as already mentioned, it is the extremely high surface area to volume ratio that makes nanosilver an effective anti-bacterial agent. And if the silver isn’t effective enough, it can actually have an opposite effect to that desired. Exposure to sub-lethal doses of silver ions can improve bacterial survival rates and increase the chance of resistance.
While nanoparticles of silver are unlikely to pose any hazard to people, the same cannot be said for colloidal silver solutions which are promoted as a dietary supplement to stave of illness. Here we are talking about a much greater exposure to silver with the possibility of developing argyria, a permanent discoloration of the skin due to deposits of silver sulphide and silver selenide. When the colloidal silver particles hit the acidic environment in the stomach, they undergo oxidative dissolution and the resulting silver ions form complexes with glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant in the body. This complex is readily transported around the body by the bloodstream, and when exposed to ultraviolet light near the surface of the skin, undergoes a photo-reduction process whereby the silver ions are converted to metallic silver in the form of silver nanoparticles. These then react with sulphur and selenium compounds in the body to form the gray deposits that characterize argyria. And no silver polish will get rid of that.
Learn more about Nifty Fifty Speaker Dr. Joseph A.Schwarcz here.
Learn more about the USA Science & Engineering Festival here. | <urn:uuid:f5b00861-0ca7-45eb-8f25-4f302bbdd690> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scienceblogs.com/usasciencefestival/2013/06/21/nanosilver-by-nifty-fifty-speaker-dr-joe-schwarcz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949895 | 1,300 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Being fit can be fun! FirstHealth Community Health Services has developed a low-cost program that will teach you how to PLAY and learn how to stay motivated.
PLAY is a six-week program that will teach you how to play and learn how to stay motivated. PLAY mixes physical activity like jumping rope, doing the Hula Hoop and playing catch with a Frisbee along with working out with resistance bands, some simple stretching exercises and cardiovascular activities. Plus, you get to keep some of the activity equipment used during the program!
Thursdays, Jan. 8 - Feb. 12, 7:30 - 8:30 a.m., Community Health Services building
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Fees run from $5 to $50, based on household income.
All Community Health Programs are offered in Hoke, Moore, Montgomery and Richmond counties. For more information call toll-free (888) 534-5333 or visit www.firsthealth.org/healthyliving.
March 28, 2016
Moore Free and Charitable Care Clinic Recognizes FirstHealth EmployeeMelinda Wallace SOUTHERN PINES – Melinda Wallace, the resource coordinator for FirstHealth Cares, the FirstHealth of the Carolinas medication assista…
March 22, 2016
Women’s Health Topics to Highlight FirstHealth “Girl Talk” ProgramPINEHURST – Heart, breast and bone health are among the most-discussed women’s health topics of today, and each will be highlighted during the upcomi…
January 27, 2016
New Dietary GuidelinesStop what you’re doing and put down that soda! The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans released January 7, 2016 are the first ever to recommen…
October 24, 2016
Moore County Farmers Market at FirstHealthGet your recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables a day while helping to support our local farm community at the Moore County Farmers Market… | <urn:uuid:b9bff3f8-362b-490d-84b7-b6e8552fc2bb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.firsthealth.org/lifestyle/news-events/2015/01/play-moore-county | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00096-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911678 | 411 | 1.757813 | 2 |
- Open Access
“We are not hard to reach, but we may find it hard to trust” …. Involving and engaging ‘seldom listened to’ community voices in clinical translational health research: a social innovation approach
Research Involvement and Engagement volume 7, Article number: 46 (2021)
Public involvement in clinical translational research is increasingly recognised as essential for relevant and reliable research. Public involvement must be diverse and inclusive to enable research that has the potential to reach those that stand to benefit from it the most, and thus address issues of health equity. Several recent reports, however, indicate that public involvement is exclusive, including in its interactions with ethnic groups. This paper outlines a novel community-led methodology – a community sandpit – to address the inclusion of ethnic groups in public involvement in research, reports on its evaluation, findings, legacy and impact.
Through detailed planning – thinking through and taking into account all stakeholders perspectives in the planning and design of the sandpit, relationship-building, co-design and co-delivery between the Public Programmes team based at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and the Greater Manchester Black and Minority Ethnic Network - the community sandpit was held in July 2018.
Fifteen community organisations took part in the two-day event, as well as six researchers, and six creative practitioners. Six community-based partnership projects were seed-funded; four of these received additional funding from other sources also.
Evaluation of the sandpit showed the format to be well-received by all: it levelled power relationships between community organisations, health researchers and research infrastructure; it developed capacity amongst researchers about the accessibility, role and potential of community organisations. Described as “not another community seed fund” by community partners, the sandpit offered community partners, equitable avenues for collaboration within Greater Manchester translational research and led to the formation of the Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Research Advisory Group (BRAG Vocal Website information, - https://www.wearevocal.org/opportunities/black-asian-and-minority-ethnic-research-advisory-group-brag/, 2021). The method has the potential to be replicated elsewhere to support inclusive public involvement in research and inclusive research.
Plain English Summary
Public involvement in “bench to bedside” research (from laboratory-based research to clinical practice) is increasingly recognised as essential for relevant and reliable research. To enable the findings from health research to meet the needs of those who stand to benefit from it the most and to ensure that differences in health and disease are reduced as much as possible, public involvement must be diverse and inclusive. Recent reports, however, indicate that public involvement is exclusive, including in its interactions with racially minoritised groups. This paper outlines a novel community-led methodology – a community sandpit – to address the inclusion of ethnic groups in public involvement in research, reports on its evaluation, findings, legacy and impact.
Through detailed planning – thinking through and taking into account all stakeholders perspectives in the planning and design of the sandpit, relationship-building, co-design and co-delivery between the Public Programmes Team (now Vocal) based at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust worked with the Greater Manchester Black and Minority Ethnic Network - the community sandpit was held in July 2018. Fifteen community organisations took part in the two-day event, as well as six researchers, and six creative practitioners (artists with experience of working with the public on socially engaged projects to engage them in areas such as science). Six community-based partnership projects were seed-funded; four of these received additional funding from other sources. Evaluation of the sandpit showed the format to be well-received by all: it levelled power relationships between community organisations, health researchers and research infrastructure; it increased researchers knowledge and insights about the accessibility of community organisations and of how they might work effectively with them. Described as “not another community seed fund” by community partners, the sandpit began the process of levelling the playing field for collaboration between Greater Manchester translational research and local community organisations and led to the formation of the Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Research Advisory Group (BRAG) (Vocal Website information, - https://www.wearevocal.org/opportunities/black-asian-and-minority-ethnic-research-advisory-group-brag/, 2021). The method has the potential to be repeated elsewhere to support inclusive public involvement in research and inclusive research.
Diversity in public involvement in health research in the UK
Public involvement is an increasingly accepted component of ethical and relevant health research in England, including through one of its major funders: the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) . A strategic review of public involvement in England, however, highlights the need for public involvement to become more diverse and inclusive:
“A diverse and inclusive public involvement community is essential if research is relevant to population needs and provides better health outcomes for all. We have been struck by the degree to which researchers and public contributors have encountered barriers when trying to work with different communities and populations.” (Appendix four – Going the Extra Mile Recommendations)
A recent survey highlights that the majority of public contributors to NIHR research are older (62% 50–79- UK-34.8%), female (58%; UK-50.6%) and White British (77% - UK-87.2%) . Young people and minority ethnic communities are under-represented in NIHR public involvement. Only 2% of public contributors surveyed in 2018–2019 were under 25 (UK – 18.9); 14% are aged 26–49 (UK population. Asian ethnic groups represent only 3% (UK-4%), Black ethnic groups only 2% of NIHR public contributors (UK-3%). Research carried out by the Health Research Authority shows that people from ethnic and lower socioeconomic groups feel far less confident about being treated with dignity and respect in research compared to their White and higher socioeconomic counterparts (35% versus 50%) . Likewise, in the related field of science communication, informal science education has been ‘exclusive’, and many audiences are ‘underserved’ by science communication (cf. British Science Association audience map) [5, 6].
Barriers to inclusion of ethnic communities in research
A growing evidence base explores reasons for the low levels of public involvement of ethnic groups, including Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (so called “BAME”) groups in clinical and translational health research . Analyses of research participation in cancer clinical trials, mainly from the US [8,9,10] with some from the UK [11, 12] and trials related to other conditions such as asthma and mental health in South Asian and African-Caribbean communities in the UK and abroad, provide complementary evidence for barriers to involvement. Strategies to reduce inequalities in healthcare have identified the representation of diverse groups in clinical research as an important component of research studies [15, 16].
Participation, engagement and involvement in health research are different but related areas . All can be adversely affected by a lack of diversity in those participating in and becoming engaged and involved with health research. Using both the existing literature and our collective experience of engaging and involving diverse audiences with scientific research, we have summarized barriers to inclusion of diverse communities in health research across participation, engagement and involvement (Table 1). Where possible we have indicated where barriers have been referenced within the literature and were barriers were reflections from our practice.
Working with seldom listened to communities in a social innovation approach
Some helpful guides to working with racially minoritised groups and communities in research already exist [21,22,23,24] and have been published during the preparation of this paper . To address greater inclusion, and explore some of the deeper barriers to engagement and involvement in health research, beyond tokenism or a temporary solution, we piloted a new approach – a community sandpit – based on principles and practices of social innovation and co-production .
Sandpits are intensively facilitated workshops, which aim to uncover innovative solutions. They bring together a mix of people, give them time to talk and exchange ideas, and fund the projects that they come up with. We chose this model to encourage community-led innovation in public involvement because it allows different sectors to recognise the knowledge and expertise that they can bring and provides a safe space to experiment and find collective solutions. It’s also a fun and engaging approach and uses creative activities and tools, which enable new dialogue and ideas to emerge.
We have previously reported on our strategic approach to working across public engagement and involvement, [17, 27] which includes a focus on diversifying the audiences and producers of public involvement and effecting a shift from ‘research led’ engagement, involvement and research to ‘community-led’ engagement, involvement and research. The Public Programmes Team (now Vocal) leads the Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) Strategy for the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (MBRC) and the NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility (MCRF) and the NIHR Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (GMPSTRC). These NIHR infrastructure have strategic objectives to deliver effective and innovative (PPIE) and to increase the diversity of people involved in shaping research. Therefore, a key starting point was to build relationships with community organisations and explore with them how having a voice in health research may be relevant and useful for people in their communities. Here we report on the methodology and impact of the sandpit, and suggest it as a replicable way to work with communities in community engagement and involvement to ultimately foster inclusive research. We also report on the legacy of the sandpit.
In July 2018, a two-day community sandpit event brought together over 30 Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS) organisation representatives, creative practitioners (artists with experience of working with the public to engage them in areas such as science)., community leaders, researchers and public involvement practitioners from across Greater Manchester (Fig. 1, event flyer).
Aims and principles
The aims for the sandpit were to:
Build meaningful relationships with diverse community organisations and health research
Administer a community seed fund to explore community led innovation in the sector
Facilitate and fund community-led innovation
Level the playing field between community organisations and researcher anchor institutions by bringing researchers, community organisations and artists together to collaborate and explore solutions for the lack of diversity of people involved/participating in health research
At the outset, we elaborated some key principles to apply to the sandpit. We:
Emphasized a co-design approach when working with community partners
Valued community organisations as experts rather than gate keepers or community leaders
Viewed community organisations, researchers and creative practitioners all as experts
Put health research in contexts that have a practical interest to community groups and their users
Used creative approaches to trigger discussion and debate and create a learning together environment
Valued the time and expertise of community organisations
Used methods to level the playing field between different types of community organisations
Enable community organisations to develop their own ideas and pitch for funding but avoid a typical ‘seed funding’ process where organisations have to invest their own time and resources in developing the idea
What we did
Through existing voluntary and community sector (VCS) contacts, the Public Programmes Team (now Vocal) initially mooted the idea of a sandpit, and then sought active and equitable partnership with the Greater Manchester Black and Minority Ethnic Network (GMBME) to develop the idea further, then co-design and promote the Community Sandpit event. The GMBME has extensive knowledge of the VCS, wide reach amongst grassroots community organisations, as well as having supported different health promotion and infrastructure development initiatives across GM.
The partnership between the Public Programmes Team and GMBME was key to this initiative; we were equal partners in the development of the project and established a clear framework and agreement for our roles, responsibilities and commitments. This partnership based on mutual goals meant that the event was designed with a real understanding of what community organisations would value. There was a higher demand for places at the event than we had originally expected. The event was designed to ensure that organisations that wanted to take part did not have to fund their own staff time.
Relationship development, co-design, promotion and recruitment
Active involvement in health research was a new focus for many of the community organisations who would eventually take part in the sandpit. Working with Black, Asian and ethnically diverse community groups was also a new area for many of the researchers taking part. A significant amount of time was spent developing relationships both with researchers and with GMBME members and community organisations, to give background to the initiative, answer questions and secure buy-in. As an established community organizer and enabler SI was already a trusted individual within grass roots community groups in GM. The Public Programmes team is a trusted partner for researchers in GM, working closely with researchers from NIHR research infrastructure to lead their public involvement and engagement work and so already had some pre-established relationships that facilitated researcher buy-in.
Working in partnership between the Public Programmes Team and the GMBME Network, the event was designed to ensure that organisations putting forward staff or volunteers to participate did not have to resource staff time to attend. Staff/volunteer time was valued at the rate NIHR INVOLVE recommends for patient contributors and payment made to organisations or individuals as appropriate . NIHR INVOLVE was the umbrella organization for patient and public involvement in NHS research, which provided support to patients and the public wanting to become involved in research, and to researchers wanting to involve people; it has now become the NIHR Centre for Engagement and Dissemination .
The event was designed to enable participants to explore context and practice of PPIE and health research in relation to their own interests and communities. Discussion about how PPIE could be improved and how participants could have a role in transforming the sector were also incorporated into the event design. The GMBME network used its existing communication channels that included the web presence of its parent organization, GM Centre for Voluntary Organisation (GMCVO), one of the largest VCS infrastructure support organisations in the GM conurbation, its own email newsletter mailing list and network events and meetings leading up to the registration deadline for the event to promote and recruit staff. A promotional flyer was also produced (Box 1).
The community sandpit were delivered over 2 days with a one-day break in between to allow participants time to process what they had learnt and think about the second day.
Day one consisted of facilitated activities to enable representatives from community organisations/artists to familiarise themselves with public involvement and health research in the GM context, including the activities of the Public Programmes Team, and NIHR research infrastructure in GM: MBRC, MCRF and the GM PSTRC. The first day was highly interactive with lots of opportunity for discussion and debate, including activities designed to address different power dynamics in the room.
The activities included “the unseen” (a creative activity enabling participants to experience the process of discovery and their own reflexivity in developing research questions) and role-play where participants experienced a mini-patient research panel with some actual research examples.
On day two, researchers joined the discussions with community organisations and artists, there were presentations relating to health conditions and prevalence in diverse communities, followed by speed networking where researchers and artists presented what specific skills they could add to any projects pitched. The participants then worked in small groups to devise a new project/event that would engage their communities in health research, with a view to developing a research question and/or project of relevance to communities. Whilst designing their projects they were able to call on researchers and artists to be included as project partners if they felt them to be a good fit. Each project was pitched to the whole audience and after an interactive audience voting process (which included all sandpit participants and facilitators) the winning projects were awarded funding (between £500–£750). All sandpit participants (community organisations, researchers, artists and members of the Public Programmes Team) were able to vote for projects. Having heard the project pitches everyone was asked to write down their top three preferences. Preference one was given three points; preference two, two points and preference three, one point. The points achieved by each project were then added up and the top five scored projects received funding.
Evaluation against sandpit aims
We considered the following aspects within the evaluation process:
Practical consideration of the actual event and recruiting to the event
Researcher/ practitioner/ participant and partner perspectives and experience
The evaluation methods used included
A survey of sandpit participants
Interviews with researchers and a focus group of community organization representatives
Observations and reflections of the event and recording the topics discussed
At the end of each day of the sandpit, a simple questionnaire with 10 questions captured a mixture of quantitative and qualitative indicators against the sandpit aims. For each day a different questionnaire was used which focused on the specific activities on that day. Questions focused on how well the participants felt the activities went, whether they were able to contribute and whether they felt listened to, and space for some free text responses. The questionnaire was sent to all sandpit participants on each day (day one n = 21; day two n = 27).
Frequencies were calculated for each questionnaire response and free text data was, where possible, organized into themes. Just the evaluation questionnaire data is presented within this paper.
Where required, staff from the GMBME Network and/or the Public Programmes Team supported the community organisations that won pitches to deliver their projects and record/observe their community reach. This happened through project delivery, supporting or refining the scope of the project, and its evaluation. An informal feedback and sharing event was held in Feb 2019 where funded community organisations were invited to share the outputs and any learning from their projects with the whole group.
Summary of the sandpit (Table 2)
The following projects won pitch funding and were delivered between September 2018 and January 2019 (Table 3).
An evaluation questionnaire was completed by sandpit participants at the end of each day. 16/21 participants replied to the questionnaire on day one and 20/27 participants replied to the questionnaire on day two (There were more participants on day two as researchers also attended on this day). Five researchers were interviewed, and 12 community organization representatives took part in a focus group.
The format of the sandpit was felt to be engaging and relevant.
“Very clear and transparent event” (Participant 8)
“I hope we will get to do another session. It was an eye opener.” (Participant 9)
“It was fun and relaxed but with a really focused and important message” (Participant 14)
Within the day one evaluation questionnaire, of the 16 people who responded, 16/21 felt they were adequately prepared for the event, answering ‘No’ to the question: Was there anything else you would have liked to have known before coming to the Sandpit? A few expressed suggestions for improvement – they would want to have.
“a better/clear understanding of the project overall, i.e. purpose of pitch on day 2” (Participant 3)
“a programme of the day’s activities, or some case studies of projects that have come out of previous sandpits so I knew a bit more about the process before attending” (Participant 11)
Amongst questionnaire respondents, the activities were felt to be ‘interesting’ (The Unseen – 13/16; Mini patient panel one – 16/16; Mini Patient Panel two – 14/16. 16/20 found the speed meeting a good way of networking (Table 4).
19/20 respondents found the pitch process ‘fun and engaging’. The voting process was found to be a good way of choosing winning projects quickly, by 16/20 of respondents and 18/20 felt able to contribute to choosing winners (Table 5). Two community groups decided not to pitch due to having some reservations: some felt that the funding pots were not enough to scope or pilot a meaningful project and some felt they needed additional time to develop a pitch. Four of the community participants felt strongly that only community partners should have a vote.
“It did feel that those who knew each other voted for each other” (Participant 3)
Was the sandpit inclusive? Did it ‘level the playing field’?
By inclusive we meant that all sandpit participants felt they could contribute equally to the sandpit process and outcome, that their views and voices were heard and that they were positive that they could work collaboratively and effectively with participants from other backgrounds. Data from the evaluation questionnaires suggested that attendees found the event inclusive:
16/20 felt that their ‘views were valued (after Day one)’
100% felt that ‘the sandpit a good way of getting people to work together (after day two)’
18/20 felt able to contribute
Participants – community organisations, artists, researchers and facilitators – felt that the event had addressed power dynamics between researchers and communities, enabling a ‘safe space’ and more level ‘playing field’:
“First-time in a long time a piece of real collaborative work was done, where we felt really valued” (Participant 1)
“We talk about collaboration and partnership working but it doesn’t actually happen. This event put community organisations on an equal footing and values their time and input, even between community organisations” (Participant 2)
“It worked really well and allowed people with a safe space to work together” (Participant 4)
“Everything worked really well. The researchers were amazing and willing to be challenged” (Participant 13)
People learned about each other and about the work of their organisations.
“I learnt so much about the many diverse activities and the work of the organisations that support them” (Participant 14)
“It was a day for me to learn something that I didn’t know before. It has increased my knowledge about health research.” (Participant 6)
Addressing inclusion in health research and involvement
Much of the discussion and dialogue throughout the 2 days focused on the lack of diverse voices being involved in health research. There were different levels of understanding as to the impact of this at the beginning. By the end of the 2 days increased awareness of this issue evolved, and a call to action for health research and involvement to work more in partnership with community organisations, including with community artists emerged.
“Yes - a really brilliant first step in getting researchers, NHS, Academics talking to artists for the betterment of our community and to have these community voices heard.” (Participant 5)
“I thought it was an excellent opportunity for us to get together to find out more about each other and to network and plan projects together.” (Participant 3)
“It was a brilliant way of getting to know and working with others that I do not usually get to work with or did not know prior to this event.” (Participant 13)
Some participants talked about the rhetoric and language around so-called ‘hard to reach groups’ in health research and involvement:
“We are not that hard to reach, but we might find it hard to trust you …”
“As a researcher, really opened my eyes to the fact that engaging communities wasn’t that hard. We are told almost from the start as students that they are hard to reach.”(Participant 17)
Reflections from researchers
Overall, researchers found the day valuable and it challenged some of their conceptions of community engagement and public involvement in research:
“Maybe there should be ‘how to involve researchers in communities’ rather than involving communities in research?” (Participant 2)
The majority of researchers were happy to work with community participants as part of the sandpit, to develop their ideas and design projects around health research and involvement. A minority (one researcher) would have preferred the sandpit participants to focus on specific ways to engage communities in their existing research projects and that researchers should have attended both days. Another felt that the sandpit wasn’t linked enough to research and that attendance from more researchers (junior and senior) would have been beneficial.
“Not much link to research. Few/no pitches mentioned involving researchers - mostly about health promotion. Attendance and contribution from more researchers and more senior researchers” (Participant 2)
Unexpected outcomes- sandpit legacy
As well as following through the funded projects, the legacy of the sandpit includes:
The GMBME network as an established ‘go-to’ partner of the Public Programmes Team. We continue to partner up on projects as appropriate and to mutually signpost to issues of common interest.
The establishment of a BAME Research Advisory Group (BRAG) as part of the Public Programmes Team and the MBRC and MCRF.
Three community organisations are now directly involved with MBRC led-health research projects/project scoping by providing expertise and community knowledge
One community participant from the Sandpit has now joined an internal MBRC and MCRF strategic group addressing health inequalities in its work, as a public contributor .
Many participants reported that they were more confident in engaging with health research, 4 of the 16 groups applied to the British Science Week Community Grants Scheme to deliver and science engagement project. Something that we felt that they would not have applied for without having attended the sandpit.
Discussion: what did we learn?
How did we do against our aims?
Overall, we feel that we successfully addressed our aims of:
Building meaningful relationships with diverse community organisations and health research
Levelling the playing field between community organisations and researcher anchor institutions
Administering a community seed fund to explore community led innovation in the sector
Bringing researchers, community organisations and artists together to collaborate and explore solutions for the lack of diversity of people involved/participating in health research
Format of the sandpit
The following comes from our observations and reflections on the sandpit and the questions and comments made by attendees on the day and from the evaluation questionnaire on each day. Evaluation questionnaire data suggests that the sandpit format was accessible, engaging and inclusive for all involved. Getting ‘hands-on’ including through creative activities and, for example, mock ‘patient panel’ exercises helped to bring to life both the sandpit environment and the reality of what public involvement can ‘look like’. In line with our published approach creative approaches triggered discussion and debate which led to rich and meaningful dialogue. Having presentations about health and research contexts related to GM and to the community organizations present, also helped to make the context of the sandpit relevant. Making content relevant to the audience supported more long term thinking about what needs to happen in the sector and how participants could have a role in its transformation.
It was important for us to create a ‘safe space’ at the beginning of the sandpit. By a ‘safe space’ we mean creating an environments where people can be confident that they are valued, will be listed to and won’t be exposed to discrimination, criticism, harassment or emotional or physical harm. The event was purposefully located (in a neutral space in Manchester Central library), designed and promoted without much information about the format and content, to enable everyone to start at the same ‘place’. Whilst this approach was welcomed by the majority of the participants, some were uncomfortable about not knowing what was expected of them and would have liked much more time to prepare (Evaluation questionnaire). Overall, however, our evaluation shows that the sandpit format enabled a safe, respectful and equal exchange of ideas and skills.
To subvert some of the usual power relationships [18,19,20] in public involvement in health research where the content, approach and format of public involvement can often be led by researchers, Day one of the sandpit did not include researchers, in order to provide background, context and help create the ‘safe space’. A minority of researchers questioned this approach (Evaluation questionnaire). However, in the preparation of the sandpit, when researchers were canvassed about attending an event, many would have been unable to come away from the demands of their research schedule for two full days. This is relevant to a wider discussion about how much time and value research culture accords to public involvement.
Overall, the ‘pitching’ process was successful. Some participants felt that they would have liked to have more time to prepare their pitch possibly starting on the first day (Evaluation questionnaire). Two community groups decided not to pitch. This was because they felt that the funding pots were not enough to scope or pilot a meaningful project and some felt they needed additional time to develop a pitch. Whilst we had co-designed what we thought was a fair voting process, at least four community participants felt strongly that researchers and/or members of the Public Programmes Team should not have a vote (Evaluation questionnaire). They felt that potentially, different projects would have been funded if only community participants had a vote and this would give an indication of what matters more to communities regarding health research. This is something to bear in mind for future sandpit design.
We learned to be prepared for unexpected interpretations of the pitch ‘brief’ despite time being allowed as part of the sandpit design for participants to think about the pitch brief (in this case – designing a project that would encourage their service users/communities to get involved in health research) a few pitched projects focused more on more traditional health promotion (Evaluation questionnaire). Whilst this could be considered a ‘failure’ of the process, it enabled further group exploration of the health issues at hand, and their relation to research. Taking the time to engage with these ‘health promotion’ pitches also allowed further trust and dialogue to be established with community partners.
We invested time to try to ensure all partners felt that they were equal in the development of the project whilst working with a clear understanding of our roles and responsibilities around delivery. The time needed to develop trust and build relationships with community partners needs to be built into the development phase of a co-designed project of this nature . A positive partnership was created between the main partners (the Public Programmes Team and the GMBME Network) which was then extended to the community groups that make up the network and the researchers associated with the Public Programmes Team. This resulted in a much higher than expected response from groups wanting to participate in the sandpit event.
Additional benefits of working with a network as a community partner included being able to use existing communications channels, having access to local intelligence about what health topics were already an issue in different communities and what other initiatives were currently happening in different geographical areas that would prevent (or incentivise) certain groups from engaging with this project.
Conscious, asset-based community engagement
Our starting point was to focus on building relationships with community organisations as experts in reaching their communities, having existing trust and relationships with individuals who attend their centres and groups. Using this asset-based approach was valuable. Rather than seeing community organisations as ‘gatekeepers’ or conduits to reach individuals or service users in their communities, trust was established by valuing the assets of community organisations in their own right. Creative practitioners were similarly valued in the context of the increasing evidence that arts-based approaches can positively address social and health issues [34, 35].
We tried not to use a traditional ‘seed funding’ process where community organisations are required to invest energy and resources to compete for a small amount of funding (that they might not get). Even when successful, traditional seed funding does not always cover the costs of upfront investment let alone project delivery. Therefore our approach was designed to value community organisations time and expertise. Community participants was valued through payment to their organisations in line with NIHR INVOLVE guidance and in the time spent by the project team before the event and after the event liaising with project partners and funded projects . Participants from smaller grassroots organisations reported that they felt they were better placed to interact with the larger voluntary sector organisations. This was considered a benefit as larger voluntary sector organisations are normally better placed to access small pots of funding because they have often have access to additional resources, such as a fundraising officer as all the pitching and voting was done within the 2 days of the community sandpit.
Addressing inclusion in public involvement in health research
The funded projects all addressed issues of diversity and inclusion in health research. They have reached deeper into communities to engage and involve diverse audiences. At least one of the funded projects has also led to a grant application for research, with the community partner as a co-applicant. Several of the other projects have gone on to receive further funding. It appears from the sandpit and from our observations and evaluation data that the process and the projects have increased the capacity and capabilities of community organisations to take an active role as partners in both health research and public engagement with health research.
Projects that were funded were quite ambitious and this required some support to get them on track and feasible within the time and resources. If the sandpit is repeated, adequate resources need to be built in to support project delivery and evaluation.
Participants valued the time getting to know each other’s ‘worlds’. Researchers appreciated understanding more about community organisations (including community artists), how they work, and who they work with; community organizations felt able to understand more about research and research culture (Evaluation questionnaire). Of particular interest, the comments made about the language of ‘hard to reach’ revealed conflicting perspectives, but ones that might have become closer through the sandpit activities:
“We are not that hard to reach, but we might find it hard to trust you …”
“As a researcher, really opened my eyes to the fact that engaging communities wasn’t that hard. We are told almost from the start as students that they are hard to reach.”
The sandpit was felt to ‘open researchers’ eyes’ about working with ethnic communities partnering and valuing community organsations. It highlighted the diversity of community organisations to researchers, how grassroots organisations work and the intricacies of their relationships both within communities and with health and research providers. In addition, some of the comments from researchers reveal the prevailing research culture as viewing public involvement as an intervention rather than a relationship. For example, the expressed desire for the sandpit to focus on engagement with existing research projects focused on a transactional, instrumental view of public involvement rather than a research culture that values the time taken to establish trust between partners. Although we appreciate that there may be room for both models of public involvement often in the same project.
The unexpected outcomes of the sandpit, notably the establishment of the Black Asian and Minority Ethnic Research Advisory Group (BRAG) and the membership of the MBRC and MCRF Health Inequalities Steering Group , have the potential to strategically influence research culture to ensure more inclusive practices.
The evaluation of the community sandpit suggests that there was enthusiasm and energy to continue to foster an engaged relationship between community organisations and health research. Eight community connectors expressed an interest and two meetings were held to discuss the purpose, scope and logistics of the group. Community connectors link others in their local community with activities and organisations that can help improve their quality of life.
BRAG was established in January 2019 in partnership with the Public Programmes Team . The group is community led with an emphasis on generating solutions and not feeling restricted by traditional formats of involvement. Funded through a strategic award made from the Wellcome Trust to the Public Programmes team, BRAG’s remit is to provide expertise and advice on inclusive practices; to involve diverse audiences in the development, delivery and dissemination of health research. This responds to the strategic priorities of the Public Programmes Team, operating across GM health research infrastructure (including the MBRC and the MCRF) of developing ‘community-led’ priorities, projects and approaches. To date (winter 2020), BRAG have
Received leadership training, with a focus on involvement in health research and training on health research processes and structure within Greater Manchester
Advised on five research projects and on a number of public engagement and communications projects, including the rebrand of the Public Programmes team (to Vocal) to support greater reach within communities
Developed Top Tips for Researchers wishing to work with BRAG
Co-authored blogs, with academics and members of the Public Programmes team and co-presented at national events eg. Equality and Diversity in Science Symposium 2019
Co-designed and co-delivered (with Public Programmes) training on Inclusive Research for GM based health researchers.
Acted as co-applicants on several funding bids to NIHR and others
Begun to form strategic research partnerships with GM research infrastructure (eg. Manchester Cancer Research Centre)
Several researchers who attended the sandpit have also continued their relationship with BRAG i.e. bringing both research projects to them, suggesting working with BRAG to colleagues and working with BRAG to design research projects.
Overall the community sandpit event was a good starting point to engage grass roots community organisations with PPIE and health research. It raised awareness of the different ways in which communities can be engaged and provided practical learning on how to ‘level the playing field’ between community and research organisations, while at the same time enabling community representatives to network and also speak face to face with researchers. The opportunity for community representatives to network and speak directly with researchers was also important in making research more accessible. The event enabled relationships to be formed and trust to be built so that more long-term engagement and involvement can then take place. Recognising the social capital such as community assets, expertise and innovation (often with minimal resource) can provide a change for academic institutions to learn how to access wider audiences and provide further opportunities for partnerships across different sectors.
If running something similar in the future we would consider:
Giving more time for pitch development in Day one
Redesigning the voting process to ensure the projects funded more clearly reflected community organisations priorities
Provide a more specific brief about the types of activities that would be funded as although some of the pitches were excellent ideas they didn’t always focus enough on health research
The sandpit addressed many of the concerns and challenges outlined in the introduction to this paper, in particular demonstrating how dignity and respect can be addressed through a community-led, asset-based and partnership approach. The sandpit has further demonstrated impact through its legacy in BRAG and chimes with recent research culture initiatives emphasizing the need for greater race equality and inclusion in research [25, 38].
Availability of data and materials
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Black Asian Minority Ethnic
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Greater Manchester Centre for Voluntary Organisations
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The authors acknowledge all the community organisations, researchers and artists involved in the community sandpit described in this publication.
Sadly, since the manuscript was originally submitted, Suzanne Parsons has passed away. The authors recognise the pivotal role that Suzanne played in the preparation of this paper, and in the work it reports.
This work was funded by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, the NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility and the Wellcome Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or the Wellcome Trust.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Islam, S., Joseph, O., Chaudry, A. et al. “We are not hard to reach, but we may find it hard to trust” …. Involving and engaging ‘seldom listened to’ community voices in clinical translational health research: a social innovation approach. Res Involv Engagem 7, 46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-021-00292-z
- Ethnic groups
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How many types of poultry birds do you know aside from Chicken, Turkey, and Duck?
Let me know in the comment section.
Many times, when people talk about going into poultry farming, what is in their mind is investing in chicken farming and sometimes turkey farming.
There are different types of poultry birds you can raise aside from chicken which is the most common poultry bird that people invest in.
In this article, I will be talking about 7 different types of poultry you can start as a farmer.
Types of Poultry Birds
The first type of poultry you can go into is turkey. Turkeys are bigger and larger than any type of poultry bird you can think of.
Turkeys are first raised in Mexico after World War II and are commonly raised in Canada, North America, and the United State Of America.
The modern turkeys raised are descendants of the wild turkey called Meleagris gallopavo. Turkeys are raised mainly for commercial purposes (meat production). They also lay eggs for consumption but this is not common.
The amazing thing about turkey is the fact that in some part of Africa, they are being raised as a pet at home and also as a form of security.
The male turkey is always bigger than the female one and they usually weigh between 5 and 11 kg while the female turkeys weigh between 2.5 kg and 6 kg. It takes an average of 19 weeks or approximately 5 months to attain slaughter size.
The average lifespan of a domestic turkey is 10 years.
Turkeys can be raised in an open space or build a coop to raise them.
The classes of turkeys are:
- Roasters – They are younger turkeys under 16 weeks or 4 months
- Hens – They are female turkeys and always around 21 weeks or 5 months
- Tom – These are turkeys that are 52 weeks or 12 months old.
- Mature – They are turkeys that are over 65 weeks or 15 months old.
The most common breeds of turkey are: Beltsville Small white, Black turkey, Blue State, Bourbon Reds, and so on.
Turkey hens produce 45 poults every year and it takes 28 days for turkey eggs to hatch.
They are mostly killed for consumption during thanksgiving and Christmas.
The second type of poultry bird you can raise is Duck.
Ducks are water birds usually smaller than geese and swan. Ducks are not commonly raised unlike turkey, chicken, etc. They are commonly raised in England, the Netherlands, and the United State of America.
Ducks are commonly raised for egg production, meat consumption and their feathers are good sources of money. An average duck weighs around 0.72 kg and 1.6 kg
The male duck is called Drake while the female duck is called duck. The average lifespan of Mallard is 5 years.
There are 12 types of ducks which are:
- Dabbling ducks
- Diving duck
- Perching Duck
- Sea Duck
- Whistling Duck and
- Domestic Duck
There are over 40 breeds of duck but the most common ones you can raise domestically are Cayuga, Call, Campbell, Pekin, Indian Runner, and Muscovy.
Ducks lay an average of 300 eggs every year.
The third type of poultry you can raise is Geese. Just like ducks, geese are aquatic animals and the most common type of geese that are raised as poultry is the grey geese.
Geese are grouped into two main categories which are the genera Anser and Branta.
They are the first set of poultry birds to be domesticated. The greylag goose was first raised in Europe, Western, and Northern Africa. The swan goose was first raised in Eastern Asia and is commonly called the Chinese geese.
They are raised similarly to ducks for egg production, meat production and their feathers are also have some value. Geese were domestically raised in Egypt over 3,000 years ago.
The average weight of male geese is 5.2kg while that of the female is 4.8 kg.
Goose has an average lifespan of 31 years.
The most common breeds of geese are Embden, Czechoslovakian White, huoyan goose, Kuban, lands, and Toulouse.
The male geese line produces an average of 55 to 65 eggs while the female line produces an average of 60 to 70 eggs a year.
4. Guinea Fowl
The next type of poultry bird you can raise is Guinea Fowl. Domesticated guinea fowl is called Pintades. They are of the Numididae family (Galliformes)
Guinea fowl originate from Africa and are mostly raised for meat consumption.
The amazing thing about raising guinea fowl is that they can be used to control ticks on the farm. They are known for their vocal feature and they are used as security for other birds on the farm.
Guinea fowl usually weigh about 1 to 1.5kg at 12 weeks when they are ready to be sold and slaughtered.
The average lifespan of guinea is between 10 and 15 years.
There are 3 varieties of guinea fowl which are pearl, lavender, and white. You can also cross guinea fowl with chickens.
The most common breeds of guinea fowl are:
- White-breasted guineafowl
- Black guineafowl
- Helmeted guineafowl
- Plumed guineafowl
- Crested guineafowl
- Vulturine guineafowl
- Numida meleagris.
They lay around 30 eggs in a deep nest. Ducks hide the nests they build before laying eggs and also share them with other hens. Their eggs are smaller and are darker whitish.
Guinea fowl meat is drier than chicken and turkey meat and the eggs are smaller and darker compared to chicken eggs. They have an incubation period of 28 days and when the eggs are hatched, they are called Keets.
Fifth on the list of the types of poultry birds you can raise in you farm is Quail
They are mid-sized birds classified among the game birds in the families of Phasianidae and Odontophoridae. Quail has roughly 130 species.
Quails are raised for meat consumption and egg production with the egg used as medicine for most types of diseases. China is the world’s largest producer of quail meat with 160,000,000kg per year.
The average life span of quail within 3 to 5 years and weigh around 0.096kg.
Their main food is insects although they eat seeds, leaves, and berries.
The most common species of quail are:
- Japanese quail (Coturnix)
- Italian Quail
- English White quail
- British Range quail
- Ornamental quail
- Gambel’s quail
They lay an average of 200 eggs in a year and it takes around 23 days to hatch their eggs.
This next type of poultry bird is the most common raised all over the world. Chickens are multi-purpose birds (egg production and meat consumption). As of 2018, there are 30 billion chickens in the world. Chickens are also raised as pets.
In the United States, Canada, and Australia, male chickens over one year are called cocks while in the UK and Ireland, they are known as cocks.
Chickens can weigh from 3.4 kg to 3.9 kg and have a life span of 5 to 10 years.
The common breeds of chicken classified into 3 (Americal, Mediterranean, and English) are
- Rhode Island (Red and White)
- New Hampshire
Chickens start laying from 16 weeks depending on the type and breed you are raising. A chicken lays eggs every 24 – 26 hours and can produce up to 240 eggs in a year.
The last type of poultry that you can raise is Pigeon. Pigeons are part of the Columbidae family alongside Doves. Young domestic pigeons are called squab and are derived from Rock dove (also known as Rock pigeons).
They are raised for sports and as a messenger and mainly for meat consumption. Pigeons are more of a hobby bird than a commercial purpose bird.
Pigeons weigh around 2.1 kg and have a life span of 6 years.
The most common types of pigeon are:
- Fancy breed
- Utility breed
Pigeons nest when they are around 25 to 30 days. They lay around 24 eggs in a year.
There are some other types of poultry birds you can go into. They are but not limited to Emu, Ostrich, pheasant, peacock, and so on.
Depending on your location, some of the birds might not be easy to raise but I can guaranty you that at least 4 on the list are what you can start immediately and make money from them.
I will like to know of the types of poultry birds mentioned in the article, which will you raise on your farm?
If you find this piece useful, do well to share it.
You can as well check the article where I compared two of the most lucrative agriculture business, poultry, and catfish farming. | <urn:uuid:cacb2729-956c-4733-8773-d74d77dd8d23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agricfy.com/types-of-poultry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958722 | 2,073 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Great things are happening in the United States of America with the stock market at record highs, record low unemployment, and more! President Donald Trump celebrates the companies that have made America better by making make their products in the U.S.A., and we are making more products in our country than we ever have. We hear from the President at the White House at the 3rd Annual Made in America Product Showcase.
“We’re here today to celebrate and support the most incredible products in the world. And this is just a very representative sampling because we’re making more product here than we ever have. Joining us today are manufacturers from all 50 states. And they are terrific talents, terrific craftsmen, terrific business people.”
President Trump thanks the businesses represented at the White House and speaks next on the steel industry and how great it is exceeding expectations. “Our steel industry is doing very well. We put massive tariffs on dumped steel. They were dumping steel. Our steel industry was going out of business. If I hadn’t been elected, you would have no steel industry right now. It would be gone. And we have not only steel, energy, and so many other things. We have — we’re vibrant. We have the hottest economy anywhere on Earth right now.”
He continues speaking about how great the U.S. economy is doing. “But while those here today create many different goods, you’re also devoted to one of the greatest missions on Earth: making the best products, from the best materials, with the best workers anywhere in the world, right here in the United States of America. Right? Made in America. Made in the USA. Call it either way, but that’s what we’re doing. And, you know, when I took office, I was told by the previous administration that manufacturing jobs would be disappearing. There was no way. They said you’d need a miracle. Right? You’d need a miracle. Well, we have a miracle because we up — we’re up 600,000 manufacturing jobs since the election. So, it’s been an extraordinary resurgence of American manufacturing.
“We’ve added more than 6 million jobs since I was elected, including over 1 million jobs in manufacturing, engineering, and construction. As I said, 600,000 jobs in pure manufacturing and that number is going to go substantially higher… Last year, we saw the biggest increase in manufacturing jobs in more than 20 years. Under my administration, manufacturing’s share of total job gains is the largest it’s been by any President in over one half a century. And don’t forget, in the old days, they manufactured, so I’m competing against some pretty tough statistics, and yet it’s over 50 years. Unemployment has also reached the lowest rate in our country in over 51 years. And many groups…if you look at African American, Asian American, Hispanic American unemployment, it’s the lowest it’s ever been in the history of our country. Women’s unemployment — the lowest it’s ever been in over 70 years. And soon we’re going to have the all-time record for women’s unemployment.
“And today, American manufacturers are contributing $250 billion — think of that — $250 billion more to our economy than they contributed before this great election that took place in 2016… we’re heeding the wisdom of our Founding Fathers by restoring our economic independence and reawakening our industrial might. And that’s what’s happened. Whether it’s jobs or making something, that’s exactly what happened…and we’re standing up for the American worker like our country has never stood up for the worker before — certainly not in the 100-year or 50-year era. And I think we can probably go back right to the beginning because nobody stood up for the worker like I’m standing up for the worker.”
President Trump continues, “We just approved…the USMCA. That’s Mexico and Canada. Great deal for the manufacturers…the USMCA will create up to 600,000 new American jobs, including 75,000 new auto jobs. And now we need Congress to pass it. So, call up your friends. The Republicans are totally onboard. Call the Democrats; get them to pass it. It’s — believe it or not, it’s a deal loved by unions, by manufacturers, and maybe, especially, by the farmers. It’s something that’s very, very popular. So, call your local Democrat congressmen. I think the Senate will be, actually, very good. We have a lot of bipartisan support, but they may not be able to show that support because the leaders may not allow that to happen because they think that’s a victory for Trump, and we don’t want to give Trump any victories, even though it would be very bad for our country. But if it doesn’t happen, I have a better plan…
“We unleashed an American energy revolution. And it is indeed a revolution. Nobody thought it would be possible. We’re now the number-one producer of oil and natural gas on the planet Earth. Not even close. And I just had ANWR approved — one of the largest sites anywhere in the world. They couldn’t do it with Ronald Reagan. They couldn’t get it done. They’ve been trying to get it done for many, many years. Many, many decades they couldn’t get it approved. I got it approved. That’s in Alaska. One of the biggest — maybe the biggest — the biggest site in the world for oil and natural gas.
“We passed massive tax cuts so that American companies can beat their foreign competition. Now, you have a tremendous advantage now because you had an impossible disadvantage before and now we’ve given you, with what we’ve done, a tremendous advantage. And we did it to keep jobs where they belong, right here in the United States of America. As a result, almost 1,400 companies have announced that they’re bringing their jobs back to the United States from overseas. And that’s just last year. Think of that — 1,400 companies bringing jobs back. Who would think that’s even possible? But now it’s the incentive. They want to be in the United States.” You can listen to the full speech HERE.
There was a day when people cared about America, and that is why we have government officials to represent us and our views, but that doesn’t always happen in our government. President Trump does care for America and is leading our country back into equal trading with other countries and is putting America first! Because he has put America first, our country is doing great, with more jobs than we have people to fill them and so much more as we heard some of that from this speech! America is being blessed, and we are thankful to God for all that He is doing in our country. What do you think about America first? What are your thoughts about products made in America? We want to hear from you! Write to us at [email protected]. Greg shared in this segment.
Screenshot courtesy of YouTube.com White House | <urn:uuid:dcb70746-0b5f-4c7e-8a7c-3c4648a717b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greglancaster.org/tag/manufacturing-jobs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.963097 | 1,558 | 1.625 | 2 |
World Malaria Day 25 April 2013
|Venue:||All around the world!|
|Date:||25th Apr, 2013|
What will you be doing on April 25th, 2013?
World Malaria Day is on 25th April each year and gives people the opportunity to raise awareness of malaria and do some fundraising for this worthy cause. This year’s theme is ''Achieving Progress and Impact'' so how will you be making an impact on April 25th?
JCI is one of the biggest global partners in this campaign against malaria. So far JCI has donated over $750,000. The plan is to send 1 million nets by 2015, it does look promising.
'JCI organisations have been working incredibly hard to reach this goal. They have been hosting concerts, writing and selling books, designing calendars, starting employee giving campaigns at their workplace -- all to send nets and save lives. In Japan, over 3,000 JCI members in 19 cities conducted their own Nothing But Nets activities to raise awareness and funds for malaria prevention. Within a couple of months these savvy professionals raised over $240,000! That will send 24,000 life-saving bed nets!'
World Malaria Day was established by the World Health Assembly (WHA) at its 60th session in 2007. The day is commemorated every year on April 25 to create awareness about an ancient disease and the devastating impact it has on the lives of more than 3 billion people – half of humanity. World Malaria Day is an opportunity for the global development and health communities to intensify their efforts in providing access to affordable, safe and effective anti-malarial combination treatments worldwide, as well as protective insecticide treated nets and other preventive measures.
Junior Chambers across the country will be putting on events to celebrate the fight against malaria and we hope that yours will be one of them! With various forms of social media available to promote your event how can you say no!
Get involved as an individual or as a Junior Chamber and let us know what you are getting up to! JCI UK National Board will be aiming to visit all Chambers taking part in the event on the day. So let us know what you will be doing! | <urn:uuid:26c1461c-577d-438d-8673-5c061dd188c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jciuk.org.uk/events/2013-04-25/119-world-malaria-day-25-april-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00543-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954614 | 455 | 2 | 2 |
Rent Seekers in Rentier States: When Greed Brings Peace
Are natural resources a source of conflict or stability? Empirical studies demonstrate that rents from natural resources, and in particular oil, are an important source of civil war. Allegedly, resource rents attract rent seekers, which destabilize society. However, there is a large literature on how so-called rentier states manage to pacify opposition groups by handing out special favors. The present paper attempts to bridge the gap between the rent-seeking view of resource rents as a source of conflict and the rentier state view which emphasizes the role of resource rents in promoting peace and stability, and show how one may lead to the other. The mechanism that we highlight relies on the notion that higher rents may activate more interest groups in a power struggle. We demonstrate that the associated increased cost of conflict may in fact promote social stability. The peaceful solution is upheld by a self reinforcing transfer program, in the form of patronage employment. The chance of conflict and rent dissipation in our model is highest for intermediate levels of resource rents, where the government cannot make credible commitments to the opposition groups.
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- Paul Collier & Anke Hoeffler & Dominic Rohner, 2009.
"Beyond greed and grievance: feasibility and civil war,"
Oxford Economic Papers,
Oxford University Press, vol. 61(1), pages 1-27, January.
- Paul Collier & Anke Hoeffler & Dominic Rohner, 2006. "Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibility and Civil War," CSAE Working Paper Series 2006-10, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
- Hodler, Roland, 2006.
"The curse of natural resources in fractionalized countries,"
European Economic Review,
Elsevier, vol. 50(6), pages 1367-1386, August.
- Roland Hodler, 2004. "The Curse of Natural Resources in Fractionalized Countries," Diskussionsschriften dp0404, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
- Sachs, Jeffrey D. & Warner, Andrew M., 2001. "The curse of natural resources," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(4-6), pages 827-838, May.
- Silje Aslaksen & Ragnar Torvik, 2006.
"A Theory of Civil Conflict and Democracy in Rentier States,"
Scandinavian Journal of Economics,
Wiley Blackwell, vol. 108(4), pages 571-585, December.
- Silje Aslaksen & Ragnar Torvik, 2005. "A theory of civil conflict and democracy in rentier states," Working Paper Series 5805, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
- Paul Collier & Anke Hoeffler, 2004.
"Greed and Grievance in Civil War,"
Development and Comp Systems
- Garfinkel, Michelle R, 1990. "Arming as a Strategic Investment in a Cooperative Equilibrium," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(1), pages 50-68, March.
- Robinson, James A. & Torvik, Ragnar & Verdier, Thierry, 2006.
"Political foundations of the resource curse,"
Journal of Development Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 79(2), pages 447-468, April.
- James A. Robinson & Ragnar Torvik & Thierry Verdier, 2003. "Politcal Foundations of the Resource Curse," DELTA Working Papers 2003-33, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure).
- Robinson, James A & Torvik, Ragnar & Verdier, Thierry, 2002. "Political Foundations of the Resource Curse," CEPR Discussion Papers 3422, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Fearon, James D., 1995. "Rationalist explanations for war," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(03), pages 379-414, June.
- Collier, Paul & Hoeffler, Anke, 1998. "On Economic Causes of Civil War," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 50(4), pages 563-73, October.
- Azam, Jean-Paul, 1995. "How to Pay for the Peace? A Theoretical Framework with References to African Countries," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 83(1-2), pages 173-84, April.
- Philippe Le Billon, 2003. "Buying peace or fuelling war: the role of corruption in armed conflicts," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(4), pages 413-426.
- Powell, Robert, 2006. "War as a Commitment Problem," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 60(01), pages 169-203, January.
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If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. | <urn:uuid:76db97ec-8d7b-47da-acda-0d75b738b63c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/p/fem/femwpa/2010.39.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.753629 | 1,226 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Publisher: Thomas Nelson
Take Your Best Shot is a paperback, juvenile, non-fiction book geared towards teens. It is written to inspire teens to do something bigger than themselves, by finding ways to help those around them. The book tells the story of Austin Gutwein, who at nine years old he was inspired to help a child in Zambia, Africa. The child had bee orphaned as a result of the AIDS epidemic in her country. She was being raised by her grandmother in a grass roof hut that leaked water when it rained.
Austin was so moved by her story that he decided to do something about it. Each chapter is written somewhat like a journal entry. The chapters are followed by a Q&A as well as a mini devotional with bible references.
The thing I like most about the book is when Austin writes…
“At school you might get in trouble for writing in your textbooks, but Take Your Best Shot is different. It’s yours; it’s your story. If you want to, get out some pens and mark it up. Circle stuff; underline things; draw all over it. There’s even a space to write at the end of each chapter. When you are done, you will have a personal, customized version of the story of God’s change in your life”
All throughout the book, Austin encourages the reader to dig down deep and tap into their God given potential to use a a means to make an impact in their family, community and even the world.
If you want to be inspired learn more about Austin’s vision on YouTube. | <urn:uuid:a041bab3-a4bd-4c68-a844-0ff749ee6294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aproverbswife.com/2009/12/take-your-best-shot-by-austin-gutwein.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.971151 | 358 | 1.617188 | 2 |
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About this product
- DescriptionFrom personal worries about body hair to global issues including sexism, this book knows what it means to be a girl today.
- Author BiographyAnita Naik is a columnist, blogger and journalist and mum of 2 who started her career as advice columnist on the teen magazine Just 17. She is now agony aunt on Teen Now and Avon Connects, and writes regularly on teen issues, especially around sex and relationship education, self esteem, confidence and bullying. She is the author of over 45 non-fiction books, including the TLC Guides: Self Esteem and Being You, Queen Bees, Drama Queens and Cliquey Teens and Texts, Tweets, Trolls and Teens.
- Author(s)Anita Naik
- PublisherHachette Children's Group
- Date of Publication28/08/2014
- GenreYoung Adult General Interest & Leisure
- Place of PublicationLondon
- Country of PublicationUnited Kingdom
- ImprintWayland (Publishers) Ltd
- Weight114 g
- Width138 mm
- Height198 mm
- Spine11 mm
- Format DetailsB-format paperback
- Educational LevelUK School Key Stage 2
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Smoking and the Environment: How Cigs Ruin the Earth
Posted 16th Aug 2015 to Quit Smoking
It’s a well-known fact that combustible cigarettes harm our bodies, but what about their effect on the environment? Big surprise, smoking is bad for the Earth too. The two biggest ways that cigarettes negatively impact the environment is through litter and through harmful manufacturing processes.
Literally trillions of cigarette butts are tossed away by smokers every year, 4.5 trillion to be exact. They litter our sidewalks, roads, beaches, hiking trails, you name it. If it’s outside, there’s a good chance you’ll find a dirty old cigarette butt on the ground somewhere. Waste produced by these butts includes all of the same gross ingredients that are found in the entire cigarette. These harmful ingredients can leach chemicals into the soil, water or whatever organic substance they’ve landed on. Because the materials in combustible cigs are almost completely non-biodegradable, the chemical leakage from each single butt can go on for as long as 10 years. Imagine if we threw all of our trash on the ground like people do with cigs, we’d be knee deep in garbage.
In addition to the waste created by discarded butts, the manufacturing of cigarettes has a highly negative impact on the environment. It’s estimated that one tree is consumed for every 300 cigarettes that are made. Remember that 4.5 trillion figure we just mentioned? That only accounts for the littered butts, the figure of cigarettes smoked per year is closer to 6 trillion. From package to product, the cigarette production process takes 494,000 acres of forest every year. This means that over the years, billions of trees have been cut down just so people could slowly destroy their organs. Makes loads of sense, right?
If the horrible health effects of smoking aren’t enough motivation for smokers to give up the habit, maybe the incredibly harmful effects that cigs have on the environment will make people think twice the next time they light up. | <urn:uuid:211ac264-f88d-4d75-9a49-c19c5c47fc40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.vapemate.co.uk/blog/smoking-and-the-environment-how-cigs-ruin-the-earth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945523 | 426 | 3.046875 | 3 |
- Original Paper
- Open Access
Examining gender differences of social media use for activity planning and travel choices
European Transport Research Review volume 12, Article number: 44 (2020)
The explosive growth of social media has rendered them powerful communication channels. User generated content is an important source of inspiration and influence among web friends, it generates new activities and consequently affects mobility decisions. Whether to visit a place, or how to get to a place of interest are decisions that can be triggered through people’s interactions on social media.
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of social media use on activity planning and travel arrangements for women and men.
An online survey was conducted to examine the social media use and the impact of the shared content for women and men, on the phase before any activity in an urban environment. Inferential statistics were applied to detect gender differences in a sample size comprised of 804 respondents.
The significant results showed that the variables gender and social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements are associated with each other. Results have also indicated that the influence of reviews and ratings, photos/ videos and proposed transport mode on activity planning is gender dependent. Photos/ videos influence more often both women (m=3.47) and men (m=3.00) than reviews and ratings (m=3.21 for women and 2.94 for men). Both these contents influence more than proposed transport mode (m=2.62 and 2.37 for women and men).
The analysis of the results indicated that before an activity, both women and men tend to use majorly social media for activity planning and travel arrangements, while photos/videos influence women’s decisions more often than men.Travel arrangements of the majority of respondents would be influenced by a post of a designated account related to transport. Finally, social media use affects travel arrangements of both women and men more before performing an activity rather than during.
Social media are considered as a major communications channel for information exchange, opinion statement, social network enabling, decisions influencing and business promotion. Social networking affects the users’ perceptions and choices regarding their activity planning. The shared content is a valuable source of inspiration and often affects the initial decision of activity planning [1, 2]. A mutual trust on choices is developed during peoples’ interactions on social media, resulting in a trigger for new activities . Moreover, profiles of social media users offer useful socio-economic and demographic information, creating potential for investigating relationships between activity patterns and the characteristics of the users [4,5,6].
The increasing time being spent on social media and the interactions with web friends and followers, have changed dramatically the way that users perceive social relationships. Social networking plays an important role not only in broadening social connections but also affecting users’ decisions . Social media are used in ways that shape the users’ travelling, entertainment and shopping preferences, creating the need for them to participate in activities shared by their web friends or by people they follow. Despite the fact that social media allow a communication in which the physical presence is not necessary, reviews, photos, and videos shared via them motivate users to visit a place, attend an event or buy a product. The instantaneous and real-time access to relevant tips and guides, travelling instructions, specific offers and discounts or inspirational photos/videos has ultimately changed the way users plan an activity [8, 9].
According to literature, gender may affect the way that people share information on social media and the way they use it to make decisions [10,11,12]. However, an extended literature review in this study, revealed that there are no published studies that have examined the gender differences of social media use for activities and travel choices. To address this gap, this study aims at explaining gender differences in social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements, before an activity. As Dwityas and Briandana stated in their research, before an activity, social media content such as photos, videos or text, influence the user by creating the need to perform a shared activity. Furthermore, the user collects information regarding the activity, such as activity type, destination, instructions to reach the destination, public transport timetable, reviews and ratings, looks for information about activities performed by others and visits the appropriate social media accounts to get precise data as a basis for right decision-making.
Acknowledging the amount of shared information on social media platforms today and the current growth rate of social media users, the present work focuses on the phase before any activity in an urban environment, examining the social media use and the impact of the shared content for women and men. The work is structured as follows. Section 2 presents a summary of previous studies that have focused on the relationships among social media platforms, travel behavior and activity planning, focusing on studies that reports differences between women and men. Section 3 describes the survey design and communication, while indicates the analyses methods adopted. Section 4 reports the results. Finally, section 5 discusses the findings and concludes the study.
The shared content on social media and the interaction with other users has intensified changes in users’ mobility decisions by setting a new framework for travel behavior. Xiang and Gretzel were among the first that reported the importance of social media in seeking travel information. The goal of their study was to investigate the extent to which social media appear in search engine results in the context of travel-related engines. The analysis showed that social media constitute a substantial part of the search results, indicating that search engines direct travelers to social media sites. Yoo and Gretzel in their study, identified social media as an important source of information for travelers, the majority of whom trust their content. The results of their survey indicated that travelers’ personality influences perceived barriers to content creation and engagement in generated content creation. Gao, Tang, and Liu explored the role of social association in users’ check-ins in order to improve the accuracy of activity’s location prediction. A social-historical model was used to integrate social ties and historical ties. The results showed that users who sustain a level of friendship tend to go to similar locations. A year later, Ayeh, Au, and Law investigated the factors that affect the intention to use social media for specific purposes of travel planning. Through an online survey, they proved that among individuals with Internet access who take often vacation trips, mostly young people use social media to plan their trips. In this direction, Schroeder and Penninghton-Gray used linear regression to explore the relationships of variables with the likelihood of social media use to seek information in the event of a crisis during travel. Results showed that those who travel frequently use social media to get information in the event of a crisis during their trip more often than those who travel less. More recent studies as of Varghese and Jana focused on exploring the potential of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve access to opportunities. The data showcased the differences in household socio-economic characteristics, individual personal characteristics, ICT use patterns, activity participation, and time allocation patterns, drawing conclusions about the interrelationships between ICT, social disadvantage, and activity participation. Lee and Circella attempted to understand the relationships of ICT use and travel outcomes among millennials, by clustering them in intense users, moderate users, and light users, however, no conclusions were drawn about how the use of ICT affect their travel choices. Finally, Jamal and Habib explored the covariates that affect the use of smartphones for trip planning as well as the covariates of perceived impact of smartphone use on travel outcomes. One of their main outcomes was that millennials are more likely to use smartphones for trip planning as well as perceive increase in travel outcomes due to smartphone use.
As per differences between women and men in online activities and use of information technology, Park and Lee conducted an online survey to investigate gender differences in smartphone application use. Results revealed that women found more useful the smartphone text communications to keep strong their personal relationships as compared to men. Idemudia, Raisinghani, Adeola, and Achebo used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze 290 datasets from college students. Their results indicated that women had stronger perception of ease of use, compatibility, relative advantage, and risk when using social media when compared to men. More recent studies, as the one of Lin and Wang aimed at explaining the gender differences in information-sharing behavior on social networking sites. To achieve this, a comparative theoretical model of information sharing between genders was developed. In line with previous studies, results showed that privacy risk, social ties, and commitment are more important for women than men, as attitude towards information sharing, affects people’s intention to share information more strongly for women than it does for men. Another recent study by Twenge and Martin attempted to investigate gender differences in the use of social media by examining 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in the U.S. and UK. Results showed that adolescent girls spent more time on smartphones, social media, texting, general computer use as compared to boys, however, no further investigation was made about how much of this time was spent to plan an activity.
An online survey in the English language was hosted on Survey Monkey to investigate the influence of social media use in activity planning and travel arrangements. In the context of the survey, the term “activity planning” is used to describe the preparatory actions and set of conditions in order to perform an activity, such as going to a restaurant, visiting a museum, participating in an outdoor yoga class, visiting a doctor or going to a shopping mall. Such preparatory actions include decisions about which activity to do next, who to do the activity with, always based on information concerning reviews and ratings, photos and videos of alternative destinations, as shared by previous visitors on social media. The term “travel arrangements” refers to decisions on how to reach the selected destination, and specifically departure time, mode of travel, route, ticket purchasing and other. In particular, this survey focused on the influence of information or advices for using a specific transport mode to reach the destination, as most social media accounts of businesses, events etc. include in their description the proposed transport mode to reach the location. In addition, social media friends share or propose a transport mode to reach a destination of an activity either based on their own experience or knowledge.
The questionnaire consisted of four parts. The first part recorded the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, by collecting personal information such as gender, age, education level, employment status, etc. The second part referred to the use of social media, in which collected data regarded the most preferable social media platform, the time, frequency and duration of social media use. The third and fourth parts constitute the main core of the survey, highlighting the influence of social media as stated by the respondents. In particular, the third part examined whether reviews and ratings, photos/videos and proposed transport mode affect “activity planning” and “travel arrangements” (categorical variables), and the degree of such influence (ordinal variables) (Table 1). It also investigated the post type that would mostly affect decisions, such as a post by a famous person, a sponsored post or a post by a designated account related to transport. Furthermore, the fourth part collected the impact of social media use, in terms of frequency of travel arrangements changes before and during an activity (Table 2).
The online survey was targeted to social media users across the world. Social media users were reached through email and posting on first author’s Instagram and Facebook accounts. As a first step, emails were sent to 3436 contacts of Traffic, Transportation and Logistics (TTLog) laboratory of University of Thessaly contact list comprised of research institutions, ministries, municipalities, associations, groups, companies, actions, projects and postgraduate students around the world. The emails were sent from the email account of TTLog laboratory. As a second step, the questionnaire link was shared on first author’s personal social media accounts. The link of the questionnaire was active from January 2018 and remained opened till January 2019. Along with the invitation to participate, information about the purpose and the design of the survey were sent. The participants were chosen by chance without any specific screening process during the recruitment period. The final sample size comprised 888 users, who fully completed the questionnaire. However, as the aim of the study dictates, the analysis was made based on the 91% of the respondents, who use social media.
Sample characteristics and social media use
Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate socio-demographic and general characteristics of the 804 respondents. Table 3 summarizes the socio-demographic and general characteristics of the respondents. Analytically, 61% of them are women and the rest 39% are men. Most of the respondents belong to the age groups of 18–25 years old (38% of the respondents) and 26–35 years old (36% of the respondents). In addition, 38% of the survey respondents are students and 51% have a full-time job. Most of them hold a driver’s license (76%), whereas they use public transport from seldom to often (74%).
In a multiple choices question about which social media is used, Facebook and Instagram are the mostly used platforms for both women (57% use Facebook and 53% use Instagram) and men (33% use Facebook and 21% Instagram). Twenty percent of men are also interested in job-related social media such as LinkedIn, while 25% of women are more interested in inspirational image-based platforms such as Pinterest. The participants were also asked about the time of the day that they most frequently use social media. The majority of users (66% split in 41% women and 25% men) use social media between 17:00–00:00.
The analysis of the data was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the first case, sample characteristics, such as age, gender and occupation were addressed by estimating the frequency distribution per characteristic (paragraph 3.3). Furthermore, the mean values and standard deviations, and medians were calculated. In the second case, the statistical analysis of the responses was carried out using non-parametric tests which are regarded as particularly powerful for analyzing data collected through questionnaire surveys [25, 26]. Specifically, chi-square test for homogeneity (χ2 test) was used to test differences in characteristics measured by categorical variables. In total, two variables that refer to social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements (Table 2), three variables that are related to the influence of social media content on activity planning, and the responses of variable “type of post that would mostly affect users’ travel arrangements” were compared through chi-square (χ2) tests in order to detect any differences between the two genders. Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney two-sample U-test was performed to assess differences between the two genders of ordinal variables measured on the 5-point scale (1: never, 2: seldom, 3: sometimes, 4: often, 5: always). This scale was used as it increases the variance in the measurements and allows a greater differentiation in the results .
This study may entail limitations related to the sample used. Due to authors’ nationality, the majority of the respondents (70%) are from Greece. In addition, 74% of the respondents belong to young age groups (18–35 years old), as they are more familiar with technology and social media use. After a thorough research on global related figures, the authors concluded that this does not affect the present research’s validity. Both sample’s age distribution and social media usage are in line with the global population age distribution, initially documented in US Census Bureau and in Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, Driscoll, and Births for US, and supported worldwide by Ferrer and world social media users per age group [31, 32]. Also, all participating countries share similar social media usage . In any case, only gender related comparisons were included in this analysis.
Another possible limitation of the study could be the abstract understanding of the term “social media use” by the respondents. However, this particular study investigated social media use only related to information searching, which was explicitly stated in the respective questions of the questionnaire and not for any other reason that social media could be used and could confuse respondents.
The following sections discuss the gender differences in social media use for planning an activity and for making travel arrangements, the degree of influence depending on the social media means and content.
Reasons for social media use before an activity
The frequency of social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements were examined. Table 4 shows the proportion of Women’s (W) and Men’s (M) positive responses applied to social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements. Both genders indicate interest in receiving information from social media, more when planning an activity (94.5% for women and 87% for men) as compared to making travel arrangements (76.4% for women and 53.4% for men). Moreover, the responses were compared through chi-square (χ2) tests in order to detect any effect of the gender on social media use. The fifth column of the table contains the test p-values that indicate the strength of the respective evidence. In this case, the p-values are smaller than 0.05, thus, the null hypothesis that asserts the two variables are independent of each other is rejected. The significant results show that the variables gender and social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements are associated with each other. Results showed that the percentages of positive responses of women are higher than men for both examined variables and the differences were statistically significant (p-value< 0.05). This finding indicates that women are keener than men on reaching out for information provided by social media. In the variable “Use of social media for travel arrangements”, the large chi-square statistic (45.006) and its small significance level (p < 0.05) indicate that it is very likely that these variables are dependent of each other. Thus, it is concluded that there is a relationship between gender and use of social media for travel arrangements.
Influence of social media content on activity planning
The gender effect on the influence of social media content on activity planning was examined through three chi-square (χ2) tests; one related to reviews and ratings, the second, to photos/videos and the last, to a proposed transport mode. The proportion of positive responses applied to the examined variables, by Women (W) and Men (M), are shown in Table 5. In all examined cases of social media content, respondents indicated influence on activity planning. Photos/videos seem to be slightly more influential (92.8% of women and 85.6% of men) than reviews and ratings (92.2% of women and 84.9% of men). Proposed transport mode by social media influences less than the previous contents, however, still in high proportions in both women (85.5%) and men (75.7%). The fifth column of Table 5 contains the test p- values that indicate the strength of the evidence of the effect of gender on social media content. Results showed that statistically significant differences were observed in all three variables. The significant results indicate that the influence of reviews and ratings, photos/ videos and proposed transport mode on activity planning are associated with gender. This finding is reasonable and supports the previous results, according to which women are more receptive to the information provided by social media.
For the same variables, the participants were asked to rate on a 1–5 scale (1: never, 2: seldom, 3: sometimes, 4: often, 5: always) the frequency that social media use affects activity planning. Table 6 presents an overview of the average values (m), medians (mdn) and standard deviations (sd) of the three variables and the test results of the gender effect on the attributed ratings. Results are described through Mann-Whitney U statistic and p-value, indicating the strength of the respective evidence. Statistically significant differences between women and men were reported in all the examined variables. Table 6 shows that women rate higher than men all three contents (p-value< 0.05). Photos/ videos influence more often both women (m = 3.47) and men (m = 3.00) than reviews and ratings (m = 3.21 for women and 2.94 for men). Both these contents influence more than proposed transport mode (m = 2.62 and 2.37 for women and men). It is concluded that social media content is more influential when providing visual information or feedback based on experience and less when the information is more formal, as in the case of a proposed transport mode.
Influence of social media post on travel arrangements
This section includes the analysis of the responses that focused on the investigation of the influence of social media post on travel arrangements, as an engaging content affects peoples’ mobility decisions. Specifically, participants were asked what would mostly affect their travel arrangements, see Table 7. The p-value (0.051) is larger than 0.05 and consequently there is not enough evidence to conclude that the gender and type of post that would affect travel arrangements are associated. The majority of the participants answered that a post by a designated account related to transport would affect the most their arrangements. The potential of social media as means for sharing transport information has been already indicated in research . Respondents pointed out that the account behind social media post plays an important role on final decision regarding travel arrangements and is independent of gender. In general, social media users hardy trust information if they don’t know where it comes from. A sponsored post is harder to affect travel arrangements, since social media users are more skeptical about the transparency and credibility of such content. Hence, it is a challenge to discern if the information is reliable or simply an advertisement . Results of a previous study showed that women are more inclined to trust the content on social media, perceiving information from others as more trustworthy than men .
Furthermore, the participants were asked to select up to three most appealing approaches of this transport related post, from a given list of approaches, see Fig. 1. Results showed that an informative or a humorous post would be more appealing for both genders compared to an emotional, encouraging, confronting or hard socking/fear post. These findings are in line with previous literature in which the shortcomings of a fear-based messages and the adverse results of other negative appealing messages such as shame or guilt have been pointed out.
Comparison of social media use before and during an activity
Based on the Travel Decision Making Model , and its adaptation by Dwityas and Briandana , users could be affected both before and during an activity. Social media content can cause changes to users’ travel arrangements before and during the activity occurrence. Table 8 presents an overview of the average rating and standard deviation of the two variables and the test results of the comparisons between men and women. Results are described through U and p-value. Social media use affects the travel arrangements of both genders before and during an activity with almost the same frequency (before: m = 3.48 for women, m = 3.5 for men, during: m = 2.86 for women, m = 2.84 for men). Changes to travel arrangements after social media use before an activity can occur more often for both women (m = 3.48) and men (m = 3.50) than during an activity (m = 2.86 and m = 2.84 for women and men). Changes to travel arrangements during the activity occurrence may happen due to changes in public transport timetable, unpredictable events, or changes of next activity’s plans, hence, it is not so probable compared to changes before an activity, when someone seeks the information to make his/her final decision. As Dwityas and Briandana stated in their research, before an activity the user collects plenty of information regarding the activity and gets a precise set of data as a basis for right decision-making.
During the last years there has been an increased usage of social media platforms when planning an activity which denotes the high intrusion rates of such platforms in our social lives. Decisions of almost nine out of ten individuals who use social media are affected on “what to do” (activity plans), while almost 75% of women and 50% of men are affected on “how to do it” (travel arrangements of the activity). Moreover, the significant results showed that the variables gender and social media use for activity planning and travel arrangements are associated with each other. Results have also indicated that the influence of reviews and ratings, photos/ videos and proposed transport mode on activity planning is gender dependent. Consistent with previous studies, women are affected at a higher degree than men and are more receptive to the information provided by social media. Specifically, women reported that social media content such as reviews and ratings, often affect their activity planning decisions.
Travel arrangements of the majority of respondents would be influenced by a post of a designated account related to transport. This finding is in line with previous studies, which showed that users trust in social media content is strongly related to who shares it and they are willing to share this information to others if it comes from an account they trust. Another useful conclusion stemming from this research, was that social media users selected informative transport related messages over other appealing approaches, when they are asked about the type of content that would mostly affect their travel choices. Although shocking related content is believed to have greater impact on getting our attention, informative messages seem to establish a high-quality level of information shared on social media platforms, which could help transport authorities and decisions makers to adopt effective policies and promote awareness campaigns towards sustainable mobility.
Finally, social media use affects travel arrangements of both women and men more before performing an activity rather than during. However, this is believed to change shortly, as usage rates of smart phones coupled with rich applications and mobile data services are increasing, allowing us staying more connected.
Future work should investigate how the impact of social media on mobility decisions is affected by other factors such as the trip purpose and the commuter type. A recommended framework to set up a campaign or to share transport related information on social media towards sustainable urban mobility is of great importance. Focus should be given on a strategical approach for social media use in producing a reliable network of communication with users about their daily trips. A challenge of using social media as a supporting tool is the constant development of them, which requires staying abreast of every new change. Privacy concerns continue to be a threat to social media use, and it is still unknown to what extend and how these security issues will affect the way that people use social media. Moreover, a clear understanding of gender differences on users’ information-sharing behavior could contribute in promoting travel services more efficiently.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to individual privacy issues but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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«This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research” (MIS-5000432), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ)».
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Karatsoli, M., Nathanail, E. Examining gender differences of social media use for activity planning and travel choices. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 12, 44 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-020-00436-4
- Travel behavior
- Activity planning
- Social media
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Tennessee Valley Authority nears first large-scale solar buy
NASHVILLE The Tennessee Valley Authority has taken steps toward its first large-scale purchase of solar electricity.
The TVA Board on Thursday voted to authorize CEO Bill Johnson to enter into a 20-year contract with NextEra Energy for an 80 megawatt solar facility in northern Alabama that officials said offers the most competitive solar pricing they have seen.
The facility will be built near TVA's Colbert Fossil Plant, which TVA is retiring in 2016. Johnson said the location will allow the solar facility to take advantage of the existing transmission system.
The vote was taken in Chattanooga at the TVA's quarterly board meeting. During a public comment period before the meeting, several people asked the board to move away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy. One of them was Stephen Smith, executive director of the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy.
After the meeting, he issued a statement calling the vote for the solar purchase a positive development.
"Solar is an important resource for our region's economic and job growth and it needs to be more fully incorporated into TVA's system," he said.
The nation's largest public utility currently has 128 megawatts of operating solar installations, but those are mostly small operations. The NextEra facility will be the utility's first solar installation producing more than 20 megawatts.
Director Marilyn Brown questioned the 20-year duration of the contract, saying the most recent data indicates that solar installations can operate for 35 years.
Chief Operating Office Chip Pardee said no one knows how long an installation on this scale will remain viable, but longer-term contracts could be possible in the future.
Pardee said the utility will pay about $61 per megawatt-hour over the 20-year life of the agreement. He said that's competitive with the $59 per megawatt-hour the utility expects to pay for energy at a Quantum Choctaw natural gas power plant in Mississippi.
The board on Thursday agreed to authorize Johnson to purchase the gas plant at a cost of about $340 million. Pardee said the utility already is purchasing power from the plant and it will be cost-effective to own it.
The board voted unanimously in favor of the gas plant purchase, but Director Virginia Lodge voted against the solar purchase. Lodge said she's a "huge supporter of solar" but would have liked to see a process of competitive bidding for the contract.
In a conference call with the media after the meeting, Johnson said many companies have approached TVA with solar proposals, so officials have a good idea of what constitutes a competitive price.
Earlier, at the meeting, Director Lynn Evans had expressed some misgivings about the solar contract but said, "the fact that the pricing is competitive overrides my other concerns." | <urn:uuid:58778e4d-8698-4d08-ad02-894450fcf90e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jacksonsun.com/story/news/2015/02/12/tennessee-valley-authority-nears-first-large-scale-solar-buy/23316441/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.958286 | 577 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Pirandello, Luigi (Drama Criticism)
Luigi Pirandello 1867-1936
One of the most important dramatists of the twentieth century, Pirandello prompted a reevaluation of traditional stagecraft through his innovative use of philosophical themes and experimentation with dramatic structure. Preoccupied with the relationships of reality to appearances and of sanity to madness, he often portrayed characters who adopt multiple identities, or "masks," in an effort to reconcile social demands with personal needs. He was closely associated with the Theater of the Grotesque, a dramatic school that stressed the paradoxes and contradictions of life, and was also deeply concerned with making literature a more truthful and effective means for conveying human experience. Toward this end he developed the aesthetic theory of "humorism," which he defined as a. mingling of comedy and tragedy to produce simultaneous emotional awareness of both of these aspects of the human condition.
Pirandello was born in Sicily to a prosperous sulphur merchant. Although his father initially sent him to study commerce at the local technical institute, Pirandello found the subject uninteresting and transferred to an academic secondary school, where he excelled in oratory and literature. After graduation, Pirandello attended universities in Palermo, Rome, and finally Bonn, where he earned a doctorate in Romance philology. After his father arranged Pirandello's marriage to Antonietta Portulano, the daughter of a business partner, the couple settled together in Rome and had three children. To support his family, Pirandello was forced to take a position as professor at a women's normal school. In 1904 he realized his first critical success with the novel Il fu Mattia Pascal (The Late Mattia Pascal), but this was overshadowed when his father's sulphur mines, in which Pirandello was heavily invested, were destroyed in a flood. All of Pirandello's wealth, including his wife's dowry, was wiped out. Upon hearing the news, Antonietta suffered an emotional collapse; she subsequently became delusional and hostile, and was eventually institutionalized. The pressure of Pirandello's personal situation spurred a period of intense creativity from 1916 to 1922, which culminated in the production of his two greatest dramas, Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore (Six Characters in Search of an Author) and Enrico IV (Henry IV). Pirandello quickly went from being an author with a respectable but modest reputation to being one of the major literary figures in Italy. In 1934 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. He died in 1936.
Although Pirandello's first dramas were not staged until he was forty-three years of age, by the time of his death he had written over forty plays. In his most famous work, Six Characters in Search of an Author, Pirandello described the plight of six characters who interrupt the rehearsal of another Pirandello play to demand that their stories be acted out. His acknowledgment of the stage as the location of a theatrical performance—a place where life is only simulated—startled audiences and critics alike and heralded the self-conscious use of the theater that is a hallmark of modernist drama. Pirandello followed the success of Six Characters with Henry IV, which many critics consider his greatest work. Written four years after he had his wife committed, Henry IV is an expression of the concern with madness that had been prevalent in Pirandello's personal life and in his art. The play depicts a man who, as the result of an injury suffered at the hands of a rival, believes he is Henry IV. Eventually, he regains his sanity but in a fit of rage kills his rival, so that he must feign continued madness to avoid the consequences of his deed.
Pirandello described his dramatic works as a "theater of mirrors" in which the audience sees events on stage as a reflection of their own lives: when his characters" doubt their own perceptions of themselves, the audience experiences a simultaneous crisis of self-perception. In questioning the distinction between sanity and madness, he attacked abstract models of objective reality and theories of a static human personality. For these reasons, many critics have labelled him a pessimist and a relativist; others, noting the strong sense of compassion for his characters that Pirandello conveys, contend that Pirandello is not preaching a definable ideology, but is simply expressing his acute consciousness of the absurdities and paradoxes of human life.
Cosí è (se vi pare) [Right You Are! (If You Think So)] 1917
Il piacere dell'onestà [The Pleasure of Honesty] 1917
L'uomo, la bestia e la virtù [Man, Beast, and Virtue] 1919
Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore [Six Characters in Search of an Author] 1921
Enrico IV [Henry IV] 1922
Vestire gli ignudi [Naked] 1922
Ciascuno a suo modo [Each in His Own Way] 1924
Come tu mi vuoi [As You Desire Me] 1930
Maschere nude [Naked Masks] 10 vols. 1930-38
Questa sera si recita a soggetto [Tonight We Improvise] 1930
I giganti della montagna [The Mountain Giants] 1937
OTHER MAJOR WORKS
Mal giocondo (poetry) 1889
Amori senza amore (short stories) 1894
Beffe della morte e della vita (short stories) 1902
II fu Mattia Pascal [The Late Mattia Pascal] (novel) 1904
Erma bifronte [Two-faced Herma] (short stories) 1906
L'esclusa [The Outcast] (novel) 1908
L'umorismo [On Humor] (essay) 1908
I vecchi e i giovani [The Old and the Young] (novel) 1913
Il carnevale dei morti (short stories) 1919
Novelle per un anno. 15 vols. (short stories) 1922-37
Uno, nessuno e centomila [One, None, and a Hundred Thousand] (novel) 1926
Overviews And General Studies
Eric Bentley (essay date 1946)
SOURCE: "Varieties of Comic Experience," in The Playwright as Thinker: A Study of Drama in Modern Times, Reynal & Hitchcock, 1946, pp. 127-57.
[In the following excerpt, Bentley characterizes Pirandello as a pessimist who speaks for the people "who have lived through the extraordinary vicissitudes of the twentieth century, uncomprehending passively suffering. "]
Since Shaw and Wilde no dramatist has written first-rate drawing-room comedies. The best have been by our Maughams and Behrmans and Bernsteins. Writers have been turning from the formality of the drawing room toward a grotesqueness which, in its...
(The entire section is 23563 words.)
Olga Ragusa (essay date 1980)
SOURCE: "Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore," in Luigi Pirandello: An Approach to His Theatre, Edinburgh University Press, 1980, pp. 137-69.
[Ragusa is an Italian-born American critic and educator with a special interest in Italian literature. In the following excerpt, she offers a thematic and structural analysis of Six Characters in Search of an Author.]
Multifacetedness (poliedricità), wrote Lampedusa, is the distinguishing characteristic of works of absolute first rank. Because Sei personaggi possesses this quality and presents different aspects of itself to different viewers, I judge it a...
(The entire section is 14282 words.)
Stark Young (review date 6 February 1924)
SOURCE: "The Pirandello Play," in The New Republic, Vol. XXXVn, No. 479, 6 February 1924, p. 287.
[In the following review of the New York City stage production of Henry IV, Young criticizes the acting as weak but lauds the drama's "intellectual beauty."]
The Pirandello play at the Forty-Fourth Street Theatre is important not by reason of any display or novelty or foreign importation but through the mere occurrence on our stage of a real intellectual impact, a high and violent world of concepts and living. So far as the practical end of it goes...
(The entire section is 14201 words.)
Guidice, Gaspare. Pirandello: A Biography, translated by Alastair Hamilton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975, 221 p.
Abridged translation of the standard critical biography.
OVERVIEWS AND GENERAL STUDIES
Bassnett-McGuire, Susan. Luigi Pirandello. New York: Grove Press, 1983, 190 p.
Thematic survey of Pirandello's dramas.
Bazzoni, Jana O'Keefe. "The Carnival Motif in Pirandello." Modern Drama XXX, No. 3 (September 1987): 414-25.
Emphasizes the importance of the carnival motif, concluding that "Pirandello's drama is carnevalesque because it...
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If you are looking for the process based on how to add signature to mail or adding a digital signature in your email address, then you have come to the right place. Here in this article, we are going to discuss the easiest method for adding a signature into the mail. It does not matter if you are using your personal computer or android phone or IOS devices. We are telling you the procedure for all. Read the article until the end and follow the methodology.
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Add Signature Into Email Account Using Android Device
If you are operating from your android device, then.
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MINI SWEET POTATO KNISHES (for Passover)
MINI SWEET POTATO KNISHES
Served as an appetizer or a side dish, these low-fat sweet potato knishes are created with matzoh meal for Passover or any time of year. Since the vitamin-A rich sweet potatoes, as well as the white potatoes, have been cooked in the can, these nutritious, sweet-tasting, bite-size knishes are quick and easy to prepare.
Preparation Time: Approximately 15 minutes
Cook Time: Approximately 20 minutes
Nutritional Information Per Serving: Calories 80; Total fat 2. 5g; Saturated fat 0. 5g; Cholesterol 40mg; Sodium 170mg; Total carbohydrate 11g; Fiber 1g; Protein 2g; Vitamin A 45%DV*; Vitamin C 10%DV; Calcium 2%DV; Iron 4%DV
*Major supermarkets carry matzoh meal. At times other than Passover, breadcrumbs can be substituted for matzoh.
Submitted by: KKRAMER04 | <urn:uuid:bc39f9c1-328b-494a-94ec-19a1cd27d2d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://recipes.sparkpeople.com/recipes.asp?food=knish+knishes&anyall=ANY&c1=0&c3=0&c5=0&c4=0&prep_time=0&total_time=0&calories_operation=&fiber_operation=&carbs_operation=&c2=0&fat_operation=&protein_operation=&sort=number_of_ratings&pg= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.815313 | 237 | 1.875 | 2 |
Advanced Information Technology, Graduate Certificate
The program provides college students with the required skills to take several trade certifications required in the technology area. Additionally, the Computer Information Technology program prepares students to enter the Management Information Systems monitor of the Bachelor of Applied Science in Business and Organizational Management program. Problems like this are why it is important for software program improvement groups to be as numerous and inclusive as potential to ensure technologies handle the needs of all. As extra students see individuals who look like them taking laptop science programs in highschool, more students will take discover and follow of their footsteps.
Pursue advanced study in computing or take part in fashionable software program improvement. To meet this requirement, two utilized educational experiences are woven into the most important.
Per SBE policy SCOS-012, the revision course of is suggestions-based mostly, analysis informed, enchancment oriented, and process driven. All selections informing the standards are made in alignment with the policy and informed by stakeholders and analysis. NC Stakeholders are critical and integral to the draft, evaluate and revision course of. The NCDPI computer science & technology education staff has supplied enter to the standards, formally and informally, since the onset of this initiative, which began in January 2019. Teams of writers and reviewers have been working with the draft requirements, processing feedback from stakeholders, researching other states’ efforts and collaborating with professional organizations to research educational trends.
Computer Science and Technology Education
As increasingly advanced systems evolve, the world will depend upon people who perceive how these techniques work–as well as those who can proceed to develop new software and applications. Technology is already interwoven into every trade, and is integral to libraries, faculties, hospitals, transportation, enterprise, technology, science, project management, safety, travel, video game design, and plenty of different areas.
As a outcome, they put an enormous emphasis on the physics and manufacturing of bodily gadgets and built-in circuits. Computer engineering college students study to master robotics, sample recognition, speech processing and so much extra. Both majors have a standard set of core programs for the primary two years of study, preparing students with a robust basis in software programming and application development. Sampled seniors in the 4 countries all took a 2-h, computer-primarily based, standardized CS examination from the “Major Field Test” suite of assessments designed by Educational Testing Service (ETS). The examination assesses how properly CS seniors grasp CS-associated ideas, ideas, and data.
Students learn to make use of formal methods and concentrate on verifiable properties of software and software methods. Software engineering is the computer science discipline associated to the application of engineering rules to the creation and growth of laptop software program. Software engineering is carefully related to pc programming and the two phrases are often used interchangeably. Software engineers focus more on the general design of software program, while programmers give attention to turning an engineer’s design into a usable kind by writing the code that a pc can perceive.
The programme additionally encompass 30 ECTS credits (one time period) of elective programs which you’ll select from a wide range of programs within laptop science, to specialise additional in your area of curiosity or broaden to new areas inside pc science. The programme ends with the grasp’s diploma project, which involves participating in advanced research or design tasks in an academic or industrial surroundings, in Sweden or overseas. Theoretical Computer Science is in regards to the abstract and mathematical strategies to check algorithms.
He is the inventor of Quorum, the primary proof-oriented programming language. The area of computer science education has come a long way in just some years. NSF additionally funded a middle school and freshman targeted course known as “Bootstrap” and a wide-vary of curriculums have emerged to show pc science and computational considering in elementary, middle, and high school. A laptop science and knowledge technologydegree is designed to provide two necessary aspects for college kids looking to enhance their expertise in the computing subject. | <urn:uuid:1a9a7a7c-20bf-482f-85a1-eb98173f2f3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avogel.org/computer-information-technology-a-s-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.93698 | 820 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy
By (author) Richard Duncan-Jones
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Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy by Richard Duncan-Jones
Book DescriptionThis book by the author of The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies considers important interlocking themes. Did the Roman Empire have a single 'national' economy, or was its economy localised and fragmented? Can coin and pottery survivals demonstrate the importance of long-distance trade? How fast did essential news travel by sea, and what does that imply about Mediterranean sailing-patterns? Further subjects considered include taxation, commodity-prices, demography, and army pay and manpower. The book is very wide-ranging in its geographical coverage and in the evidence that it explores. By analysing specific features of the economy the contrasting discussions examine important questions about its character and limitations, and about how surviving evidence should be interpreted. The book throws new and significant light on the economic life of Europe and the Mediterranean in antiquity, and will be valuable to ancient historians and students of European economic history.
Buy Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy book by Richard Duncan-Jones from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521892896
(228mm x 152mm x 15mm)
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 2-May-2002
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Richard Duncan-Jones
Power and Privilege in Roman Society, Hardback (August 2016)
Explores the impact of social standing on the careers of senators and knights in the Roman Empire.
Money and Government in the Roman Empire, Paperback (July 1998)
A discussion of minting and financial policy in the first three centuries of the Roman Empire.
Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy, Hardback (April 1990)» View all books by Richard Duncan-Jones
This book explores central areas of the Roman economy and the ways those areas connect and interact.
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For every $20 you spend on books, you will receive $1 in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars. You can use your Boomerang Bucks as a credit towards a future purchase from Boomerang Books. Note that you must be a Member (free to sign up) and that conditions do apply. | <urn:uuid:300fff22-9216-429a-92b6-5010f655b126> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/Structure-and-Scale-in-the-Roman-Economy/Richard-Duncan-Jones/book_9780521892896.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.856952 | 815 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Ingolt lecture was generously endowed by former AIA trustee George M. Milne, Jr. and his wife, Carol T. Milne, to honor the memory of Professor Harald Ingholt and his contributions to Middle Eastern archaeology.
Harald Ingholt (1896–1985) was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He earned a degree in theology and a Doctor of Philosophy from Copenhagen University. He also studied archaeology at Princeton University, the Ecole de Louvre and the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris.
He was Associate Curator of the Ny Carslberg Glyptotek (1926–1930) and Secretary of the NY Calsberg Foundation (1927–1930), both in Copenhagen. From 1931 to 1938 Dr. Ingholt directed excavations at Hama (Hamath), Syria, while serving as Lecturer in Archaeology at the American University of Beirut (Lebanon). During that period, he founded the journal Berythus, which he edited from 1934 until 1959.
He taught at Aarhus University and Yale University (1942–1964), from which he retired as Professor Emeritus of Archaeology. He authored many publications with topics ranging from archaeological research in Palmyra, Hama, and Syria to studies in Ganharan Buddhist sculpture. He was honored as a Chevalier of the French Academy for his contributions to archaeology.
Throughout his life, Ingholt made a lasting impression for the time he took from his scholarship to be a fine and interested friend to Dr. and Mrs. Milne.
The Ingholt Lecturer will be chosen by the AIA Lecture Program Committee annually. The lecture may be given at any AIA local society in good standing. | <urn:uuid:a6edf5bd-98d1-4bb5-a04d-03ca7d863a58> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.archaeological.org/giving/endowments/230 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00373-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966721 | 361 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The startling figures for 2014, just released by the European Environment Agency, show that imports of HFC refrigerants into Europe almost doubled to 122,781 tonnes (260.9Mt CO2‑equivalent) in 2014, the year before quotas under the European F-gas regulations were introduced.
This huge stockpile is thought to be the reason why refrigerant prices, particularly for the higher GWP gases, have not risen as predicted by many industry experts.
While bulk imports of fluorinated gases had been declining from 2010 to 2013, HFC bulk imports in 2014 were approximately 90% above 2013 levels, both by mass and CO2‑equivalent.
The figures are based on submissions by companies on the production, import and export of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union for 2014, the first year of compulsory reporting under the new F-gas regulation 517/2014.
Leaving aside the other fluorinated greenhouse gases (SF6, PFCs, etc), HFCs are said to account for about 95% of the increase in bulk imports and around 75% of all reported imports were destined for use as refrigerants for refrigeration, air conditioning and heating purposes.
Although supplies intended for use in air conditioning and refrigeration had been static or declining in recent years, 2014 saw a huge increase to 92,958 – a 73% increase on the previous year and a 36% increase on the peak year for HFC supply in 2010.
In contrast to the rise in imports, EU production of HFCs declined for the fourth consecutive year. Production measured in tonnes experienced a year-on-year decline of 15%, or 11% in terms of CO2‑equivalents, to 31,050 tonnes. Reportable HFC production in Europe was limited to just six HFCs – 134a, 365mfc, 143a, 32, 227ea and 23. The supply of the other 19 fluorinated gases used in the EU in 2014 was provided by imports.
Reporting of imports and production became compulsory in 2014 and led to a significant rise in reporting companies. For 2014, the number of reporting companies tripled compared with 2013 to 468. The European Environment Agency attributes the increase to the addition for the first time of importers of products and equipment containing reportable fluorinated gases and to new bulk importers of gases. | <urn:uuid:e3b8087d-d4c9-40e7-8f3f-773a011471d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/europe-sits-on-huge-hfc-stockpile/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00168-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956872 | 478 | 2.359375 | 2 |
An EF-5 tornado heavily damaged a Decatur business last April. Independence Tube Corporation is a leading manufacturer of structural steel tubing throughout North America. The plant, which is located on the banks of the Tennessee River, re-opened today.
Three days after the storm, Independence Tube in Decatur was practically in ruins. Governor Robert Bentley visited the plant, which has made a drastic turnaround in the last year.
“It`s amazing what has taken place and what has transpired here with the rebuilding effort,” says Bentley.
Governor Bentley says the April 27th tornadoes destroyed jobs all across the state and it's good to see companies putting people back to work.
“First of all, it helps our unemployment rate,” explains Bentley. “It helps families because that’s what we`re trying to do. We’re trying to rebuild lives."
Rick Werner, president of Independence Tube Corporation, says the tornado hit them hard.
“It just would make you want to cry,” says Werner. “It was total devastation. I stopped and got some boots because we had three inches of water inside the plant."
Now, the water and debris is cleared and the plant is ready to re-open. Werner says the support from state leaders and community members has been overwhelming.
“It surprised the insurance company because they would say, ‘Hey, you’ve got 12 cranes here and we’re paying for eight. Where are the rest of these coming from?’” describes Werner. “It was just friends, family, and strangers we didn't even know.”
Werner says before the tornado, they had 72 workers and they've been able to retain most of them. Independence Tube opened in Decatur in August of 2006. | <urn:uuid:00402379-998c-451e-8069-2ffe1597cd18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://whnt.com/2012/04/27/independence-tube-in-decatur-holds-grand-re-opening-celebration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00440-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975883 | 380 | 1.929688 | 2 |
George Eogan "lashes Bremore Port location"
Expert lashes Bremore port location
"Speaking at a recent meeting of the Balbriggan Historical Society, Professor George Eogan said the area on both sides of the Delvin River from Gormanston to Bremore is a large Megalithic cemetery dating from 3,500BC.
He said this has been recorded, researched and written about for well over 100 years and added the mounds on this site are legally protected under the National Monuments Act of 1930.
The meeting was attended by a number of luminaries including former Green Party leader Trevor Sergeant and the Fingal County Manager.
Prof Eogan believes that Bremore may have been the first point of entry for the settlements of what is now known as Fingal/East Meath and the Boyne Valley area.
He has written a detailed report on the history of the area and the historical value of the site at Bremore.
Local historian Brendan Matthews has also expressed his concerns about the development of a new port on such a historical site and raised the issue as far back as 2005.
He said that in the immediate vicinity of the proposed deep-water port, there are the remains of at least five megalithic tombs or burial chambers, while to the north of Bremore there are the remains of at least another six tombs scattered over a wide area from Knocknagin to Lowther Lodge.
However, responding to the professor's report and lecture, CEO of Drogheda Port, Paul Fleming said they recognise that there is archaeology at Bremore and will deal with it in an upfront and professional manner.
He said the archaeology of the site was just one element in what was a complicated and multi-faceted site selection process which took two years to complete.
Other factors included the importance of the deep water site, the road network and accessibility, the absence of any major residential activity, the availability of a landbank and the environmental impact in terms of its carbon footprint, he said.The archaeology is just one of the elements involved and we will deal with that in an upfront way. We have engaged our consultants who will carry out an environmental impact study (EIS) and they will be working with us over the next six to nine months, he said.We intend to deal with the archaeology in a world-class manner and we will, of course, take on board anything said by Professor Eogan."
Posted by CianMcLiam
10th June 2008ce | <urn:uuid:6339517d-c35b-4b38-a43c-47b1b99d73c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/post/68212/news/bremore.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967307 | 529 | 2.21875 | 2 |
City cycling skills and training
City Cycling Skills offers free cycle training and maintenance courses to residents of Brighton & Hove aged 14 years and over. The courses are funded by the Department for Transport from the Sustainable Travel Transition Year Fund.
Choosing your cycle maintenance training course
Basic cycle maintenance (two hour course)
On this course you will learn how to maintain and look after your bicycle throughout the year. You will learn about the components on your bicycle, how to do a safety check, fix punctures and clean and lubricate important parts.
Basic cycle maintenance courses take place during weekday evenings at the following locations:
- The Maclaren room at The Level – Tuesdays and Thursdays - 6.30pm to 8.30pm
- Changing Gears (63 Lewes Road) – Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays – 6pm to 8pm
Intermediate cycle maintenance (four hour course)
This course will introduce you to using specific tools and lubricants, looking at various brake types and learning how to make adjustments, changing a brake cable, splitting and re-joining a chain and other required maintenance skills.
Intermediate cycle maintenance courses take place during Mondays, Fridays and Saturdays mornings 9.30am to 2.30pm (break time included) at the following locations:
- The Maclaren room at The Level – Saturdays – 9.30am to 2.30pm
- Changing Gears (63 Lewes Road) – Mondays and Fridays – 9.30am to 2.30pm
Choosing your cycle training course
What you need to know
- You will need to bring a road-worthy bike. It should be safe to ride on the road, with working front and rear brakes.
- Helmets are recommended but they are not compulsory.
- Level 1 cycle training takes place in Preston Park – meeting place: Chalet Café in Preston Park. We have two training sessions, one at 10am and the other at 12pm on Saturdays
- Level 2 and 3 cycle training happens on quiet and busy roads – meeting place: Maclaren room in The Level at 9.30am on Saturdays
- Our providers, Changing Gears, also provide cycle training on Saturday and Sunday mornings.
Beginner cycle training - Level 1
New to cycling? Need to brush up on your cycling skills? You’re not alone. Level 1 training can get you on a bike and cycling confidently.
Intermediate cycle training - Level 2
Want to know how to cycle on the roads? Need a confidence boost? Our cycle trainers will teach you all you need to know to cycle safely and confidently on the roads.
Experienced cycle training - Level 3
If you want to learn how to cycle on busy roads and at complex junctions, then Level 3 training is for you.
About the training courses
Our cycle training providers teach according to the UK's national standard for cycle training:
- Level 1 – You will learn basic skills such as turning, braking and emergency braking, signaling and most importantly, looking behind you. This is done in a non-traffic environment.
- Level 2 – You will learn about road positioning, communicating with other road-users and undertaking basic on-road movements, such as passing parked cars and turning at junctions.
- Level 3 – You will learn how to cycle on busier roads and how to cycle safely when approaching complex junctions.
In May 2016, we were successful in a bid to receive funding from the Sustainable Travel Transition Year fund. The Department for Transport is funding this initiative to encourage more people to cycle and improve road safety. By providing these free training courses it is hoped that more people will choose cycling as a preferred mode of transport for local journeys.
Our cycle providers have lots of experience teaching people who have never ridden a bicycle before. There is a maximum of six people per group with two instructors. Our cycle providers will ensure that every one of our trainees will get the required attention to make sure they get the best training possible.
Other road safety training courses
If you wish to arrange for your own private training the Bikeability website has a section identifying local Bikeability trainers who deliver training privately to the standard. It is aimed at all ages.
Find out about cycle training for children and young people | <urn:uuid:f46d1253-ecf9-46c6-99e8-ab4cef9ae36d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/parking-and-travel/travel-transport-and-road-safety/city-cycling-skills-and-training | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942549 | 877 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Click here for more information about laboratory operations and procedures
If you have additional questions regarding this test, please call: 415-353-1667
Fatty Acid Profile, Essential
|Method||Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Stable Isotope Dilution Analysis|
|Patient Preparation||Patient must fast for 12-14 hours and should not consume any alcohol for 24 hours before the specimen is drawn.|
|Collection Instructions||Include patient age and information regarding treatment, family history, and tentative diagnosis on requisition.
Transport to laboratory immediately after collection for processing.
|Container type||Red top or Gold top|
|Amount to Collect||1 mL blood|
|Preferred volume||0.5 mL serum|
|Min. Volume||0.2 mL serum|
|Processing notes||Spin down sample immediately and freeze serum.|
|Synonyms||Fatty acid profile of lipids; Essential Fatty Acid Profile, Triene/Tetraene ratio|
|Stability||Frozen 3 months|
|Turn around times||7-9 days|
|Additional information||Fats are important sources of energy for tissues and are important for the function and integrity of cellular membranes. Deficiencies are commonly caused by inadequate dietary intake of lipids due to an unbalanced diet or long-term parenteral nutrition, or by intestinal malabsorption, which is common in conditions such as cystic fibrosis and irritable bowel syndrome. Deficiencies can also be caused by an impairment of biomolecular transformations among fatty acids, such as linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. Linoleic and linolenic acids cannot be made by the body and are essential components of the diet (ie, essential fatty acids).
The major clinical manifestations associated with essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) include dermatitis, increased water permeability of the skin, increased susceptibility to infection, lowered resistance to irradiation injury, impaired wound healing, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fatty infiltration of the liver, elevated hepatic enzymes, and impaired chylomicron synthesis. Treatment of EFAD depends on the source of the deficiency and may include supplementation of essential fatty acids, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.
Biochemical abnormalities may be detected before the onset of recognizable clinical manifestations. EFAD can be detected by diminished levels of the essential fatty acids: linoleic acid (C18:2w6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3w3). It can also be detected by increases in the ratio triene/tetraene ratio (Holman index): (eicosatrienoic [mead] acid [C20:3w9]/arachidonic acid [C20:4w6]).
Excess dietary fatty acids have also been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease. The dietary contents of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids influence the concentration of cholesterol in low-density and high-density lipoproteins, and consequently the development of atherosclerosis. Regular consumption of, or supplementation with, polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a beneficial effects on long-term cardiovascular prognosis due to their anti-inflammatory and possibly antiarrhythmic effects. Elevated levels of C18:2w6 can contribute to overproduction of the proinflammatory 2-series local hormones.
|Last Updated||7/8/2016 5:34:09 PM| | <urn:uuid:ad2150e5-9ac9-41b1-9f69-a2a40c8747df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://labmed.ucsf.edu/labmanual/db/data/tests/950.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00435-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.845535 | 743 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Obama’s Oval Office re-do: tasteful seat of power or beige man cave?
The reviews are in on President Barack Obama’s newly redecorated Oval Office. And they are, like the earth tones of the custom-made sofas, mostly muted.
The morning after the spiffed-up office was unveiled — during Tuesday night’s presidential address to the nation, with Obama sitting behind the Resolute Desk — the Washington Post splashed its impressions on the front page of the much-read Style section, complete with graphics and commentary. “Very American and very appropriate,” said Margaret Russell of Architectural Digest; “tasteful and … very safe,” was interior designer Celerie Kemble’s assessment, both reported in the Post.
The New York Daily News stressed the provenance of many of the new furnishings, noting that the hand-painted striped wallpaper was made in the Hamptons on Long Island. NBC’s “Today” show and ABC’s “Good Morning America” both had spots on the White House makeover. ABC’s George Stephanopoulos — a former aide to President Bill Clinton, and so presumably fairly familiar with the space — disclosed he’s friends with the decorator, Michael S. Smith of Los Angeles.
Maureen Dowd, the stiletto-penned columnist for The New York Times, recalled Oval Offices past, including what she called the Belle Watling style adopted during the Clinton administration. Dowd went on to riff about the quotations from former presidents and Martin Luther King Jr. that were chosen for the new carpet’s border, and suggested some alternate ones, such as, “It’s the economy, stupid!”
There was some tut-tutting about the advisability of rolling out a new decorating scheme with the country in the economy doldrums, and the White House was quick to point out that no taxpayer dollars were spent on the project, which features products made in the U.S.A. Some critics said it looks like a den, a man cave or a hotel lobby.
American presidents redecorate the Oval Office to put their personal stamp on the place. What do you think this renovation says about Obama?
Photo credit: REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst (News photographers document the Oval Office makeover, August 31, 2010)
REUTERS/STR New (undated recent file photo of cave in southwestern France where archaeologists discovered signs of human civilisations dating back 50,000 years) | <urn:uuid:a19b96ef-ba60-47a3-9e79-e33e9dc4e087> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.reuters.com/talesfromthetrail/2010/09/01/obamas-oval-office-re-do-tasteful-seat-of-power-or-beige-man-cave/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00268-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956761 | 538 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Badusha is a famous South Indian sweet made with all purpose flour and sugar. It is usually made for Diwali. Today let us learn how to make Badusha using this easy step by step Badusha recipe.
How to prepare Badusha sweet
Yields- 21 badushas
Maida /All purpose flour - 1/4 kg (250grams)
Ghee - 50 grams
Vanaspati /Dalda - 100 grams
Cooking soda - 1/4 tsp
For the sugar syrup
Sugar -3/4 kg
Water -2 cups
Milk - 4 tbsp
Cardamom powder - 1/4 tsp
Edible camphor /pachai karpram - a pinch
Seive maida and keep it aside.
First mix dalda, cooking soda and ghee nicely / vigorously for 10 minutes.(pic 1 and 2).Do it in the same direction.
Then add maida and mix well with your hands. Add water little by little and knead it into a soft dough.(I added around 1/4 cup and a little more water)(pic 3 and 4).This step is very important to get soft badushas.
Let it sit for 15 minutes .
After that divide the dough into equal lemon sized balls, flatten it a little and make a depression with your thumb in the middle. (see picture 5)
Meantime let us make the sugar syrup-
Take a pan, add water and sugar and bring it to boil. Add milk and boil for a few more seconds. The impurities (if any) in sugar will come to the surface. Remove it with a ladle.
Then boil sugar syrup till it reaches one string consistency. Add cardamom powder and pachai karpuram.
Heat oil first , add 4-5 badusha, then keep in low flame and fry the badushas until golden brown. Flip them gently and cook both sides. You need lot of patience for this. (pic 6 and 7)
Then drop them in the sugar syrup and let is sit for 6-7 minutes. (pic -8)
Then remove it from the syrup and place it in a plate. Let the sugar syrup dry. (pic-9)
If needed, garnish with grated coconut and cashew nuts on top while serving.
(I simply added yellow food color to the grated coconut and garnished just to show you)
To check whether the oil is hot, drop a little batter into the oil, if it rises immediately to the surface, then it is the right temperature to add the prepared badusha.
You have to keep the flame in low while frying the badushas. If the temperature of the oil is high, the badushas will turn golden brown fast but will remain uncooked inside.
To know what is one string consistency, refer my Boondi laddu recipe.
If the dough gets too soft, do not panic, just add more flour to set it right.This will stay fresh for a week .You can store it in an air tight container.
Enjoy this Diwali by preparing this yummy and delicious Badusha.
Find more Diwali Sweets and snacks recipes in the link below
Meet you all again with more interesting recipes and tips, till then stay tuned. | <urn:uuid:6dc99993-2a5f-4c24-b5e7-040951fe8c56> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.padhuskitchen.com/2011/10/badusha-badusha-recipe-step-by-step.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885502 | 695 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Leading on the development and delivery of MND Scotland's research strategy, Dr Haley works closely with our Research Committee and external partners to drive progress in pioneering MND research across the UK.
To celebrate the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, Jane discusses her role with MND Scotland, her love of research as well as a little about her life and interests outside of science, both of which still manage to occasionally overlap.
Speaking on her love for the world of research and her role at MND Scotland, Jane said: “I’ve always been passionate about research - after my PhD I spent 19 years researching how neurones (the cells that make up nerves) adapt to the information they receive, and how they fail and die. I loved hands-on research but in 2006, when my son was still young, I took on the role of Scientific Coordinator for Edinburgh Neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh. It was a fabulous job, and I spent a really interesting 15 years enabling researchers who were working on conditions affecting all stages of the life-course - from developmental disorders to mental health and resilience, degenerative conditions and old age.”
With a recent upswing in both funding for research and public awareness around MND, Jane has joined MND Scotland at a very inspiring time where a concerted effort to find promising new treatments, capable of vastly improving the lives of people living with motor neurone disease is being made by MND Researchers nationwide.
“I’m excited about my new role with MND Scotland. One of my first tasks is to help the charity develop a new research strategy. This helps guide how the money raised by our supporters is used to enable research that will 1) push forward our knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of motor neuron disease, 2) hunt for new treatments that will improve life expectancy and, ultimately, identify a cure, 3) identify interventions that can improve the quality of life for people living with MND.”
Shining a bit of light onto her life outside of Science, Jane told us: “Having moved to Scotland over 20 years ago, I’ve made loads of friends – and they aren’t all scientists! I’m a Girl Guide leader (the other leaders call me Jane the Brain!) and I’m also Treasurer for Girl Guiding Midlothian. As a result, I’m a dab hand at lighting fires and cooking on an open fire for the whole unit at camp - hot chocolate and dampers are a speciality (and are particularly tasty when infused with wood smoke!).
“I like unexpected connections, and this has led me to enable several art-science projects. In 2020 and 2021, I co-conceived and curated the 'Cajal Embroidery Project', which brought together 71 neuroscience researchers, artists and crafters from 7 countries to create embroideries based on the amazing, 100-year-old, illustrations by the famous Spanish neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal. This has been the project that keeps on giving – it has brought together (virtually) a wonderful group of people who would otherwise never have met. We currently have an exhibition about the project at the Dott Gallery in the new Royal Hospital for Sick Children and Young People in Edinburgh. We are now sewing together the individual embroideries to make one 81-panel 'Cajal Embroidery Tapestry' - look out for that on display somewhere near you soon!”
Jane’s love of connecting with people, and helping enable them to achieve their best, led to her being made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2019 for services to science engagement and education. As Head of Research, Jane is looking forward to working with her new colleagues at MND Scotland and creating new connections which will enable the charity to better support research, and push forward the hunt for a meaningful treatment for MND.
You can help to support the vital research carried out by Jane and her team by making a donation today. Thank you!
add your comment | <urn:uuid:121eefb5-d662-4dbc-abe1-33ed79e22efc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mndscotland.org.uk/latest/blog/i-ve-always-been-passionate-about-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.954993 | 848 | 1.84375 | 2 |
- About Health Insurance
- How We Make Money
- Finding the Right Health Insurance For You
- Why get Health Insurance
- Participating Health funds
- Top 6 Reasons You’ll do better with iSelect
- Are you paying too much on Health Insurance?
- 5 Health Insurance hot tips
- A better way to buy health insurance
- Life Stages Health Insurance
- Health Funds
- Means Test
- Health Insurance Tax
- Saving tax on health insurance
- How to save on Health Insurance
- About Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS)
- Australian Government Rebate
- Health Insurance Rate Rise
- Hospital & Extras Cover
- Health Insurance FAQs
- Qantas Frequent Flyer Offer
Why should I get Health insurance?
The possibility to save on tax (Medicare Levy Surcharge) or additional lifetime health cover charges
(Life Time Health Cover Loading) for those people affected is often a compelling enough reason to purchase health insurance, but what else should you consider?
Without health insurance, you may not be able to afford expensive medical services when you need them. Do you really want to be significantly out of pocket when you are sick?
Some of the top reasons people get health cover are listed below:
Health insurance may be able to pay for “lifestyle” services that you use often
Many people do not realise that you may be able to claim part of your gym membership joining fee or remedial massage costs on selected policies.Please check the policy details for services covered, including any relevant restrictions or conditions, limits, and waiting periods before any decision to purchase.
Need Help? Call us on 1300 905 472 for expert advice.
Get health insurance cover – you could save $$ on tax
For most singles with a taxable income over $90,000 ($180,000 for couples, families and single parents) The Australian Tax Office (ATO) will charge an extra 1% in tax. This is called the Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS) and occurs if you don’t have private hospital cover.
The MLS will increase to 1.25% if you earn over $105,000 ($210,000 for couples, families and single parents) and 1.5% if you earn over $140,000 ($280,000 for couples, families and single parents).
So depending on your circumstances, you may be able to buy basic hospital cover that is cheaper than the surcharge that has to be paid as additional tax. The ATOwill then waive the MLS depending on the period you hold cover and the type/level of cover held, and you could walk away with a great health insurance policy!
Note: the figures quoted above are based on 2014-15 figures.
Can you afford to “self” insure?
Studies have shown that having health insurance can be a much cheaper option in the long run for some people.
For example – Self funded knee surgery could set you back up to $13,000 – to save this money before the surgery may be impossible for some.
If in the future, you find out that you need knee surgery (or some other elective treatment), you will need to have the right cover in place, and to have served any relevant waiting periods, or else you may have no option but to save for the surgery.
Waiting Periods; How long do you want to wait to be treated?
Are you prepared to stay on waiting lists for long periods to be treated in the public system?
With private hospital insurance you have a much greater chance of having your choice of doctor. If you’re admitted as a public patient, the hospital assigns a doctor to you.
Typically private patients may have shorter waiting periods for elective surgery.
‘Elective surgery’ refers to conditions that aren’t life-threatening, but that doesn’t mean it’s not a painful condition or that it is unnecessary surgery. For example, if you need a knee operation or kidney stones removed…neither condition is usually considered life-threatening but the shorter the wait the better!
Choose the right health insurance and get peace of mind
Choosing the right Private Health Insurance can help put you at ease so that unexpected eventualities can be covered (depending on your level, type of cover and any relevant restrictions that may apply), with you and/or your family having greater control over the medical services you receive and the timing of those services.
Lifetime Health Cover (LHC)
You could end up paying more for private health insurance over your lifetime if you don’t take out hospital cover before 1 July following your 31st birthday.If you join after this time, you may be required to pay a 2% loading on top of your premium per year for every year you are aged over 30 and do not have private hospital cover, up to a maximum loading of 70%.
For example, if you take out private hospital cover at age 45 you may pay 30% more than someone who took it out at age 30.
The Private Health Insurance Act 2007 now includes a provision requiring health insurers to cease including the loading to the basic premium after ten years continuous hospital cover.
For the fit and healthy
People approaching an age where serious illness is considered more likely, or those who think they might need elective treatment, may decide private health insurance is valuable for them.
Some consider the “comfort factor” in private hospitals and the need for “extra” health services and the ability to stay at a hospital generally of your choice.Depending on the selected hospital and availability, some may also offer ‘luxuries’ such as single rooms, private bathrooms and TVs. Additional charges may apply for such services.
If you have regular trips to the dentist or physiotherapist, or you need glasses, (now or potentially in the future) you may want to consider extras cover, which you can buy with or without hospital cover.
You can also get extras cover that pays a benefit for natural therapies like acupuncture or naturopathy on selected policies.
Remember extras cover is the one area where you can actually get something back to help reduce your day to day out of pocket expenses – such as glasses, dental, chiropractic, massage and more.
Need Help? Call us on 1300 905 472 for expert advice. | <urn:uuid:c69a3cdf-2607-4abf-b979-3cf5f9a506a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iselect.com.au/health-insurance/about/why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944456 | 1,317 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Powerball lottery drawing for tonight has hit a record-high estimated jackpot prize of $1.5 billion at the time of this writing.
And while some have pointed out that, mathematically speaking, it's not actually worth risking $2 to play for the jackpot, it's still fun to imagine what would happen if you actually won.
As such, Jared Walczak at the Tax Foundation put together a map showing the best and worst states in which to win the Powerball jackpot based on the percentage of lottery winnings that would be withheld.
Overall, the darker the purple color, the higher the lottery withholding tax rate in the map. And thus, the less money you actually end up walking home with.
However, there are a few unusual cases, too: California, Delaware, and Pennsylvania do not tax state lottery winnings; Arizona and Maryland have separate resident and non-resident withholding rates; and New York City and Yonkers residents have additional withholding, according to Walczak.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the net payout would be the lowest in New York.
Check out the full map below. | <urn:uuid:9b95a37f-cc06-40be-9a35-8f3fbbca5cbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessinsider.com/map-best-worst-states-to-win-the-powerball-jackpot-2016-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952556 | 230 | 1.507813 | 2 |
View Published NGO Document (Microsoft Word)
Purpose: The 21st Century Community Learning Centers Program Continuation Grant: Cohorts 7, 7a, 8 and 9 is intended to supplement the education of students in grades 4-12, who attend schools eligible for Title I schoolwide programs or schools where a minimum of 30 percent of students are from low-income families. The program aims to assist students in attaining the skills necessary to meet New Jersey’s Core Curriculum Content Standards. Therefore, all 21st CCLC programs must provide participating students with academic enrichment opportunities that complement the regular school day. The vision for New Jersey’s 21st CCLC Program is to develop high quality out-of-school time programs through community learning centers that provide services not just to the child but to the entire family unit. Currently, New Jersey’s 21st CCLC Program is comprised of 48 grantees throughout the state. Grantees include local education agencies (LEAs), non-profit, for-profit, community-based, and faith-based organizations, operating solely or in partnership with other agencies. Eligibility to apply for this 21st CCLC continuation grant is limited to the currently-funded agencies who were awarded in competitive year one of the program. Continuation funding will be contingent upon application review and successful completion of the prior year project. The continuation project year for cohorts 7-9 is September 1, 2014 – August 31, 2015.
Eligible Agencies: Currently Funded Agencies
|Approximate Number of Awards: 28||Grant Program Type: Continuation|
|Total Amt. Available: $12,100,000||Application Due Date: 5/15/2014| | <urn:uuid:c560e719-099e-4633-9473-c3271500ef70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nj.gov/cgi-bin/education/grants/gropps2.pl?string=recnum=01635&maxhits=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930067 | 356 | 1.867188 | 2 |
When I was finding it difficult to accept an answer God had given, He brought me to one of my favorite Scripture passages, Proverbs 3:5-6.
5 Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. 6 In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. (KJV)
There is a specific type of trust (or faith) that the writer, King Solomon, is referring to in Proverbs 3:5-6. And that’s the kind of trust we need to have as followers of Christ. As Christians, we must be able to trust God deeply.
Deep Trust means trusting God when it looks and sounds ridiculous. Trusting God when everyone around you says you shouldn’t. Trusting God when your world is caving in.
The Bible speaks of men and women like Noah, Joseph, Caleb, Rahab, Shiphrah, and Puah who trusted God deeply, with all their hearts. These individuals had 3 things in common:
- They trusted God when they didn’t understand Him.
- They trusted God even when things went from bad to worse.
- They trusted deeply in the Father even when they didn’t know what tomorrow would bring.
Even if it meant they could possibly lose their lives, these men and women trusted God wholeheartedly, with deep-rooted trust and great confidence.
Jesus was a man who trusted God deeply. He had a built-in trust. It was deep-rooted, ingrained, inbred in Him. He had an inherent trust that never wavered. From Matthew-John in the New Testament, we see Jesus’ confidence in God’s power, wisdom and His goodness. His confidence was not in Himself, but God. Jesus trusted God when His friends deserted Him (Matt. 26:56). Jesus trusted God even when He felt the Father had forsaken Him (Matt. 27:46; Mk. 15:34). He trusted God when people talked about Him, mistreated Him and hated Him. He trusted deeply in God and His will when it didn’t feel good.
No matter where we are in our faith walk, how small or great, God urges us to believe.
Jesus trusted God even when it meant suffering on a shameful cross for the sins that others committed. Jesus trusted God from the bottom of His heart. He trusted in and relied confidently on the Lord – with all His heart – and He obeyed God.
And so, you and I must keep our eyes on Jesus. Look at how He endured hardship and sorrow and suffering. We must allow Jesus to perfect and build our faith. He is the one who brings our faith to maturity. He is the Author and Perfecter of our faith (Heb. 12:2).
There are different measures of faith. Maybe your faith is like Job and David. When hell has broken loose and death visits your home, in faith you worship and praise God. Or maybe your faith is like Abraham, you believe with no questions asked. Perhaps it’s like Gideon. You have faith, but you just need some confirmations from God. Could your faith be like the man in Mark 9 (v. 23-24)? You believe, but you need a little help believing completely.
Maybe you have faith the size of a mustard size; it’s very small, but you are allowing God to grow and stretch your faith more and more, day by day.
“if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.”
(Matt. 17:20, NASB)
No matter where we are in our faith walk, how small or great, God urges us to believe. He commands us to trust Him undoubtedly. He instructs us to have faith in Him – with all our hearts – lean not to our own understanding. But acknowledge God in everything we do.
So how can we trust God from the bottom of our hearts? How can we stop trying to figure things out on our own and simply depend on God to lead us? How can we seek and obey His will in everything we do and not get distracted by life? How can we have deep trust in God, with tremendous confidence?
- By remembering the faithful ones of the Bible and how they did it. Which means, we must open God’s Word, daily to be encouraged and remain focused.
- By keeping our eyes on Jesus. Imitating His life and how He lived. Jesus started the journey for us. We must follow His footsteps.
- By remembering the sufferings our Savior experience was for us. He did it all for us! And now He is seated in the place of highest honor next to God, cheering and praying, and advocating for us.
And here lies the blessing if we trust God deeply and obey His command:
He, the Creator, the Holy Father, the all-wise, all-powerful God promises to direct our paths.
Don’t you want Him to direct your paths? I certainly do. Let’s walk in freedom together, trusting God all the way!
IT’S WEDNESDAY, HUMP DAY! HERE’S OUR BIBLICAL PRINCIPLE TO HELP US GET OVER THE HUMP.
1 A huge cloud of witnesses is all around us. So let us throw off everything that stands in our way. Let us throw off any sin that holds on to us so tightly. And let us keep on running the race marked out for us. 2 Let us keep looking to Jesus. He is the one who started this journey of faith. And he is the one who completes the journey of faith. He paid no attention to the shame of the cross. He suffered there because of the joy he was looking forward to. Then he sat down at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 He made it through these attacks by sinners. So think about him. Then you won’t get tired. You won’t lose hope. (NIRV) | <urn:uuid:47426fec-e2ed-40ef-bbfc-d5b4e7c532bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://embrace-freedom.com/2019/05/08/deep-trust/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.957458 | 1,316 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Decorating with fresh cut flowers is one of the easiest ways to brighten your spirits and add beauty and fragrance to your home. Flowers have the power to transform any space from blah to wow, whether decorating for everyday or for those special occasions. With a little creativity, a little work and some research, you can make your home into flowering paradise.
Before you get started
You might not be aware of the dirty little secret of the flower industry. Before heading out to the florist, it’s important to know that the conventionally-grown flowers can be pretty harmful to the environment, have social and economic justice implications, and might even be harmful to your health, due to the pesticides used during the growing process and chemicals used at the florist’s shop.
The solution is to source locally-grown organic or naturally grown flowers (where no pesticides have been used, but there’s currently no organic certification for flowers), find an eco-friendly florist and/or grow your own (especially native species).
Find a Farmers’ Market near you at Local Harvest. Many fruit and vegetable sellers also have a nice variety of local and chemical-free flowers.
Look for organically-grown or Veriflora Certified flowers when buying flowers at retailers like Whole Foods or at the florists.
Terrain is a great place to shop for flower arranging supplies and other items you might need to decorate with flowers.
Tips and ideas for decorating with fresh flowers
1. Flea Market Finds
Fill mason jars, reclaimed watering cans, old pop bottles and other flea market trash to treasure purchases with fresh flowers.
2. Monochromatic displays
Choose one color and stick to it. Mix different flowers of the same color in the same arrangement and/or include displays of different varieties in the same color all over your home. For this time of year, mix forsythia, yellow tulips and daffodils for a terrific bright display.
3. Plan your arrangements around the seasons
To be in sync with what’s available locally, plan your flower displays around the seasons. Tiger lily’s are ubiquitous in many parts of the US in late summer and early fall and roses are a peak summertime flower.
4. Remember the bedrooms and bathrooms
Flowers don’t just have to be for the public areas of your home! Spruce up your bedside table with a bright bouquet to help you welcome the day.
5. Use contrasting colors
Contrasting colors can offer more visual interest in your arrangements. For spring, use violets and yellow crocuses for a sweet and stunning combination.
6. Forget about the centerpiece
Instead of a centerpiece, consider individual arrangements at each place setting when entertaining. It’s totally unexpected.
7. Pressed flowers
Create permanent flower displays by pressing and framing flowers. This is a great way to save your favorite flowers all year long.
8. Window boxes
Bring the concept of window boxes inside for longer term flower displays. You can plant new flowers each season–crocuses for spring, poppies for summer and mums for autumn.
image: pilli pilli | <urn:uuid:e92d99ef-62c0-42e3-883c-eed0bb505cdd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.organicauthority.com/sanctuary/decorating-with-sustainable-flowers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89464 | 670 | 1.625 | 2 |
Too many people without financial literacy, the stock market, and the crypto space extension are a mysterious black box.
The number goes up.
The number goes down.
Yet many people using investing apps are buying a crypto dream of the day they get a 1000x return, allowing them to buy a raccoon rehabilitation farm or whatever else they desire. But during tumultuous periods of financial and societal instability, many people find themselves unemployed or in difficult straits. According to a Charles Schwab poll, 15 percent of retail investors started playing the market around the start of the pandemic.
Here, having a phone handy and extra time on one’s hands may quickly turn disastrous, much like pestering a Grizzly bear and her cubs. This is what scientists call a hell of a gamble.
Suffice it to say; it is easy to fall down rabbit holes on Twitter, Reddit or Discord and get sucked into a trendy new asset. We can buy with one small click and then track a stock or crypto 24/7, obsessively refreshing. Worse yet, there are screenshots of so-called “Loss Porn”, people displaying their five, six and seven-digit losses on the market.
While many people lost a lot of money on the market, a select few investors made a killing. They say that the time to buy is when there’s blood on the streets, and those who gambled on Bitcoin while it was 5k at the start of the pandemic won out.
At what point do these investing practices become gambling, and is there a delineation between these two terms? More importantly, is it possible to make a sure bet when it comes to cryptocurrency and investing?
Briefly, let’s define these two terms that make the crux of this article:
- Gambling: Formally, gambling involves making bets on games of chance, and more colloquially, it can be defined as taking risky actions.
- Investing: Reallocating resources into a new asset in the hopes of making a profit. Low-risk investments will likely yield low returns, while high-risk investments may yield high returns.
Crypto versus the Stock Market
Is Traditional Investing Safer than Crypto?
While many people have made gains on the stock market and in crypto, it is much easier to do when you already start with substantial wealth to diversify and invest. It is easy to make a steady profit with wealth by investing the majority of your assets into low-risk stocks. Furthermore, crypto is still relatively nascent and involves a substantial amount of risk, at least when compared to the stock market. Of course, undertaking any investments carries a moderate level of risk.
Best Strategy for Risk-Averse Investment
Fundamentally speaking, the safest investments you can make are low-risk, well-performing index funds. These provide the most bang for your buck, and while they might not provide the same returns as BTC, they have a longer track record of steady returns. An index fund is a portfolio of many stocks that follows their value; given that the market tends to appreciate over time – it is a safe bet that can yield up to 8 to 12 percent returns.
Can You Avoid Substantial Risk in Crypto?
It doesn’t matter how bullish you are on crypto; the simple answer is a higher risk inherent in these investments. There are currently only two “bluechip” investments in crypto, Bitcoin and Ethereum, which historically yield far greater returns than the stock market. But past performance is not a predictor of future gains. Cryptocurrency is brand new to the finance and tech world and faces many hurdles and competition from other cryptocurrencies.
While the chances of Bitcoin and Ethereum completely collapsing aren’t likely at this point, it is still a possibility. More likely, these profits can be lost on hardware wallets or stolen by North Korean hackers if you’re unlucky. Appropriately, since this investment has a higher risk, the rewards can also be higher. The best way to invest with these assets is to store them in a crypto bank like BlockFi or Celsius to earn 4 to 6 percent interest.
Even without accounting for interest, the value of these assets has steadily risen. Let’s look at the changes in the price of these assets over the last five years (per Coin Market Cap).
|Start of Year||BTC ($USD)||ETH ($USD)|
Meme Stocks and Coins
Meme stocks and meme coins like DOGE and SHIB can be disastrous. The promise of a short-squeeze to screw-over large financial hedge-funds is a compelling narrative, but there is no guarantee that such an unlikely economic event will occur. While DOGE or SHIB has given a few people more than 1000X gains, it has undoubtedly ruined many more people financially. It’s a slot machine with extra memes.
Investing more into these assets than you are willing to lose is dangerous. When you’re following the narratives on social media, getting caught up in confirmation bias is easy. You’ll only see posts that confirm your point of view, that you’re right in making this investment. These forums and social media posts can encourage gambling for many individuals, especially during the pandemic.
Research for Riskier Investments?
Note that low-risk long-term investments in stable assets are likely the safest bets. Time in the market is far more valuable than timing the market.
Whereas if you start day-trading, you’ll step into the enticing world of gambling. Only illicit inside traders can reliably make these bets, as they know the odds of potential outcomes.
There is plenty of fraud and speculation for crypto projects, especially during initial coin offerings and NFTs.
Look to answer these questions for nascent projects:
- Is there a good use case? Suffice it to say, not everything benefits from being on a blockchain.
- Is there a technical whitepaper? Good whitepapers describe the technology being developed for the blockchain and its potential value as a future product. If the whitepaper isn’t very technical and simply uses buzzwords, it is probably a scam or a project that won’t succeed.
- Is the team public and reputable? A good project will have a developmental team that has worked in similar technology areas, not just marketers and social media gurus. They need to have a track record for developing and building valuable products. If they’ve worked on crypto projects in the past, did those succeed?
- How much crypto is allocated to the team? If a large number of tokens are distributed to the team, is this made clear why in the whitepaper or elsewhere on the roadmap of the website?
- Are they active in Twitter/Discord etc.? A solid project has a team of people who answer social media questions and do so without calling critics haters (yes, some projects have done that).
- Open Source? A good project will also use GitHub or a similar code repository that makes sure anyone can audit the blockchain and ensure that it is secure.
- Are Celebrity Influencers on Board? When I see a new project with tons of paid celebrities or crypto influencers, I am suspicious. Good projects generate traffic and interest organically, rather than paying someone famous.
Also, the moment I see people who have been involved in scams and grifts, like Jordan Belfort or Ja Rule, promote a project – I begin to rethink my decisions.
The Gamification of Bad Decisions
One of the riskiest ways to blur the line between investing and gambling is through day-trading. In the case of day-trading, you rely on the chaotic and volatile nature of day-to-day fluctuations in an asset (whether it’s crypto like BTC or a stock like TSLA).
Here, investors rely on the volatility of different assets in the short term; winning gives you that immediate rush of adrenaline and a feeling of invulnerability. But more likely than not, you might have little control over the outcome, and it is easy to get addicted. You might start losing money and decide to keep going until you win it back, going further and further into debt. Sleek and easy-to-use interfaces are there to draw you in and keep you taking risks.
Per a recent Bloomberg Finance article, apps like Robinhood may even engage in criminal activity by using these gamified tactics:
“Massachusetts securities regulators in December filed a complaint against Robinhood, calling out its “gamification” tactics, and more recently sought to revoke the brokerage’s license in the state for continuing “a pattern of aggressively inducing and enticing trading among its customers.”
There is a certain degree of gambling and uncertainty in many, if not all, types of investing.
The safest ways to invest in traditional stock markets will involve index funds, while with crypto, it will involve earning interest on BTC or ETH through a crypto bank.
It’s wise to build a solid diversified portfolio of index funds and bluechip crypto before adding in riskier investments.
Don’t put in any money you aren’t willing to lose or are likely to need back within a few months.
While there are potential rewards for higher-risk investments, they often involve more of a gamble. Remember, don’t fall down the rabbit hole of confirmation bias and FOMO.
Don’t go bankrupt trying to make 10000X gains on a meme stock that could collapse at any moment.
Limit the time you spend on your phone, avoid obsessively checking your portfolio and don’t let emotional decisions suck you into selling low or buying high. If you want to take the gambling completely out of investments.
Many apps and exchanges have gamified trading and tracking the daily fluctuations in the stock market. In some cases, this has led to complaints, alleging that these companies are encouraging gambling under the guise of investments.
Despite the legal implications, the best day-traders are often the ones with some insider information.
You can check out this confidential hotline for help with gambling in the US. For help in Canada, click here. | <urn:uuid:d7e99ecd-556f-49cc-b82e-5a1e935e7043> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hellocrypto.com/article/investing-is-not-gambling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.940474 | 2,233 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Community to help open area school
Construction workers are scurrying to complete Basehor-Linwood's newest elementary school, which is being built in an area that was mostly farmland about 10 years ago.
"When I first came to work at the school in Basehor in 1986, there was not a single house out here," said Don Swartz, director of operations for the Basehor-Linwood school district.
Today, not only do dozens of homes top the horizon at 158th Street, two miles south of U.S. Highway 24-40, but a new school also has been added to the view.
The 36,600-square-foot Glenwood Ridge Elementary School that contains 19 classrooms will be home to 235 students in kindergarten through sixth grade. Scheduled to open in February, the school has a 350-student capacity.
Tom Sack, principal at Glenwood Ridge Elementary School, has been involved in the planning from day one.
Committees reviewed architectural plans and visited other schools to develop the school.
"With the square footage that we had to work with, I think we have an excellent amount of educational space as well as the building being aesthetically pleasing," Sack said.
The highlight of the building is the entrance, an atrium hallway complete with skylights and an area where meetings and classes can be held.
"We're excited," Sack said. "We have a lot of things to plan for the atrium to make it as inviting as possible not the typical school climate, but more of an atmosphere where people would really like to be in the building."
Another area of focus is the library, which is near the entrance.
"We wanted the library right up front so that when people walked in they could see it and know it was important to our school," Sack said. "We wanted literacy to be a major focus."
Computers, too, are a focus.
The school's computer lab will house 28 IMAC computers, and one will be in every classroom as well.
Installing wiring for these computers is no small matter.
In one of the building's interior classrooms last week, Scott Gamble, an installation technician with Midwest Communications, Parkville, Mo., leaned against a wall as he took a break from his work. Near him, hundreds of blue and white wires draped in long bundles from the ceiling.
"Everybody looks at that and sees a big thing of spaghetti over there," Gamble said. "But every one of those wires is numbered. They're all numbered so you know which one goes where."
His boss, Alan Hoy, Kansas City, Mo., said that about 29,000 feet of wire running above the building's ceiling will connect the school's computers. By the time the communications wiring is installed this week, it will have taken about 700 hours to complete the job, Hoy said.
Another man keeping track of numbers around Glenwood Ridge is Rodney Deforest, job site superintendent for Murray and Sons Construction Co., Topeka.
The company started construction on Feb. 8, 1999.
"If I'm done on February 9, like I'm supposed to be, it'll be one year and a day," Deforest said.
Construction would probably have been further along if not for summer's weather, he said.
"If we hadn't have had all that rain during the summer, I think we would have been done considerably sooner," Deforest said.
The $3.4 million school building on 319 acres owned by the district will include a 6,000-square-foot maintenance building south of the school, Swartz said.
Until Basehor's sewer system is completed in the spring of 2001, the school will operate on a septic system. A lagoon is located behind a hill, about 300 yards east of the school.
Most of the students who will attend the school live between U.S. Highway 24-40 and Kansas Highway 32, Swartz said. These students have been attending school at Basehor Elementary this year. They have been in the same classes, so next month's transition to the new school should be smoother for the children.
Sack said fine-tuning the move has been a project for district employees, as well as for parents.
"There are a lot of parents involved," Sack said. "Our PTA members will be helping with a considerable amount of the move, moving a lot of the teachers' materials things like that."
School personnel will move desks, chairs and other heavy items, he said.
"Right now we're looking at that building being turned over to us around February 9, and we're hoping to be able to move in the weekend of February 19," Sack said.
Sack said he's looking forward to the move.
"We are very excited," he said. "And a little bit nervous, too."
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- Kansas judge allows suit over citizenship rule to continue | <urn:uuid:b7e4423d-0124-434a-9079-51e886c76efe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tonganoxiemirror.com/news/2000/jan/12/community_to_help/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978624 | 1,074 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Joe Biden’s Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson doesn’t have a long judicial record when it comes to abortion — which underscores her inexperience. But where she has ruled, it hasn’t been good for the pro-life cause.
It should surprise no one that Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, President Joe Biden’s nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court, has a pro-abortion record. Biden promised that he would appoint a black female justice who supports the so-called “right” to abortion on demand.
As LifeNews reported, Jackson represented pro-abortion groups in an effort to shut down pro-life free speech. Jackson signed an amicus brief in 2001 supporting a Massachusetts law that created a buffer zone hindering peaceful pro-life sidewalk counselors from reaching out to women outside abortion facilities.
Meanwhile, Jackson also ruled against President Donald trump in his effort to defund the Planned Parenthood abortion business.
In 2017, the Trump administration announced plans to cut millions of dollars in grants to Planned Parenthood through the failed Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program. HHS spokesman Mark Vafiades told the New York Times last year that there is very little evidence that the program was successful. The cuts amounted to about $200 million in grants to the abortion chain and other participants.
Planned Parenthood is the largest abortion business in the United States, aborting more than 300,000 unborn babies every year. The abortion chain also teaches sex education in public schools across the country, and promotes risky sexual behavior to vulnerable young teens at its clinics.
Democrats and abortion activists were upset by the cuts and eventually sued. Jackson sided with them. As a district court judge, Jackson ruled in 2018 against the Trump administration’s defunding of the abortion giant.
Jackson’s efforts to stop pro-life free speech are also particularly concerning. Here’s more from SCOTUS Blog:
When her [Supreme Court] clerkship ended, Jackson became an associate in the Boston office of a large law firm, Goodwin Procter. In 2001, in McGuire v. Reilly, she was one of the lawyers on a “friend of the court” brief supporting a Massachusetts law that created a floating “buffer zone” around pedestrians and cars approaching abortion clinics. Jackson’s clients included the Women’s Bar Association of Massachusetts, the League of Women Voters, the Abortion Access Project of Massachusetts, and NARAL Pro-Choice America.
Pro-abortion groups spend huge amounts of money lobbying lawmakers to pass buffer zones, which make it harder for pro-lifers to offer the help that so many mothers are desperately seeking for themselves and their babies.
Not only do buffer zones violate pro-life advocates’ freedom of speech, they also hurt mothers and babies. Outside abortion facilities across the world, pro-lifers pray and offer information and resources to help mothers choose life for their babies. Often, they provide information that abortion facilities do not, such as facts about fetal development and pregnancy/parenting resources in the community. Many also pray for those victimized by the abortion industry and offer counseling and other support to post-abortive mothers.
Biden described Jackson, currently a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, as an “exceptionally qualified” judge with an “unimpeachable character.”
But those words come from the most pro-abortion president in U.S. history, one who wants to end bans on taxpayer funding for abortions and force states to expand the killing of unborn babies in abortions all across the U.S.
The White House praised Jackson for being “committed to equal justice under the law,” but Biden would not have chosen her unless she shares his opposition to equal justice for unborn babies.
Pro-life and conservative leaders are confident that Jackson will be a progressive judicial activist on the court, if the U.S. Senate confirms her.
“In nominating Ketanji Brown Jackson, President Biden is selecting a judicial activist for the Supreme Court,” said Kelly Shackelford, president of First Liberty Institute. “Her record from the beginning of her career shows hostility to religious liberty, free speech, and other constitutional rights. The American people do not want a liberal extremist on the Supreme Court. If confirmed, Judge Jackson’s judicial activism will place the constitutional rights of all Americans in jeopardy.”
This includes pro-life advocates’ free speech rights and unborn babies’ right to life, said SBA List president Marjorie Dannenfelser.
“Ketanji Brown Jackson is backed by many of America’s most radical pro-abortion groups,” Dannenfelser said. “She is on record opposing the free speech rights of pro-life advocates pleading to save lives outside abortion centers and supporting the false claim that abortion is ‘health care.’ We have no doubt she will work with the most pro-abortion administration in history to enshrine abortion on demand nationwide in the law.”
Carol Tobias, president of National Right to Life, said Americans need a justice who will rule fairly and not impose a radical pro-abortion agenda on the nation.
“The American people deserve a Supreme Court justice who will interpret the Constitution according to its actual text and history rather than one who would trample the Constitution to promote the radical pro-abortion agenda of the Democratic party and Biden administration,” Tobias said. | <urn:uuid:0991a842-ecdd-43b8-a80b-a5cb371d502a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifenews.com/2022/02/28/ketanji-brown-jackson-ruled-against-president-donald-trump-defunding-planned-parenthood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.942422 | 1,146 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Two Cancer Society lobbyists worked against the bill, even though prescribing painkillers for cancer patients is a widely accepted medical practice that would have remained legal.
“We injected ourselves into the debate because we did not want cancer patients to not be able to have access to their medication,” said Theodore Morrison, a lobbyist working for the network that year.
The society’s annual ranks of about 200 lobbyists around the country have taken similar positions elsewhere, defending rules that some argue encourage extensive prescriptions and opposing opioid measures even if the proposed legislation specifically exempted cancer patients.
The Cancer Action Network listed four major opioid makers that provided funding of at least $100,000 in 2015, in addition to five that contributed at least $25,000. Companies that donate such sums get one-on-one meetings with the group’s leaders and other chances to discuss policy.
The network said only 6 percent of its funding last year came from drugmakers and that its ties to drug companies do not influence the positions it takes. “ACS CAN’s only constituents are cancer patients, survivors, and their loved ones nationwide,” spokesman Dave Woodmansee said.
The network said it advocates for certain measures despite exemptions for cancer because some patients continue to experience pain even after their cancer is gone.
ACS CAN teamed up with another group to defend the Tennessee painkiller law — the Academy of Integrative Pain Management, an association of doctors, chiropractors, acupuncturists and others who treat pain, until recently known as the American Academy of Pain Management. The group promotes access to pain drugs as well as non-pharmaceutical treatments such as acupuncture.
Seven of the academy’s nine corporate council members listed online are opioid makers. The other two are AstraZeneca, which has invested heavily in a drug to treat opioid-induced constipation, and Medtronic, which makes implantable devices that deliver pain medicine.
The academy’s executive director, Bob Twillman, said his organization receives 15 percent of its funding from pharmaceutical companies, not including revenue from advertisements in its publications. Its state advocacy project is 100 percent funded by drugmakers and their allies, but he said that does not mean it is beholden to pharmaceutical interests.
“We don’t always do the things they want us to do,” he said. “Most of the time we’re saying, ‘Gosh, yes, there should be some limits on opioid prescribing, reasonable limits,’ but I don’t think they would be in favor of that.”
Both the academy and the cancer group have been active across the country, making the case that lawmakers should balance efforts to address the opioid crisis with the needs of chronic pain patients. Between them, they have contacted legislators and other officials about opioid-related measures in at least 18 states.
In Massachusetts this year, they helped persuade lawmakers to soften strict proposals that would have limited first-time opioid prescriptions to three days’ worth. They also have weighed in on how often doctors should be required to check prescription-monitoring databases, which can help crack down on prescription-shopping with multiple doctors.
The academy reported on its website that, since 2013, its state advocacy network had provided “extensive comments” on clinician guidelines in New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Indiana and elsewhere; issued action alerts resulting in more than 300 emails and phone calls to more than 80 legislators in 2014 alone; and held teleconferences with more than 100 advocates.
Purdue, which gives to both the academy and the cancer network, said it contributes to a range of advocacy groups, including some with differing views on opioid policy. “It is imperative that we have legitimate policy debates without trying to silence those with whom we disagree. That’s the American political system at work,” the company said in a statement.
As for Williams, he tried again last year to repeal Tennessee’s intractable pain law — and won unanimous approval in both houses. The extra year had given Williams and his co-sponsor time to help educate their fellow lawmakers, he said, even though the Cancer Society still opposed the repeal.
Lobbyists ‘were killing it’
The tried-and-true tactics of lobbying and campaign contributions remain a major plank of the pharmaceutical playbook. In 2014 alone, for instance, participants in the Pain Care Forum spent at least $14 million nationwide on state-level lobbying.
Two years earlier — facing the threat of limits on opioid-prescribing — forum members had upped their number of lobbyists in New Mexico, which is second only to West Virginia in per-capita deaths primarily due to prescription and illegal opioid drugs, according to the most recent federal data available. | <urn:uuid:d40345ea-2493-45a4-9b11-514115e283db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.publicintegrity.org/2016/09/18/20200/politics-pain-drugmakers-fought-state-opioid-limits-amid-crisis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963946 | 987 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The celebration of Martin Luther King Day along with several reader posts on my earlier blog piece, Greenville, Texas: The Blackest Land and the Whitest People, have made me think more deeply about race relations. Let me share a definition and then coin a new term that hopefully will contribute to racial understanding.
Agnosia: Loosely defined, it’s a perceptual state of looking but not seeing, or hearing the sounds but not hearing the meaning.
Prosopagnosia, for example, is a neurological condition in which a person looks at a face but is unable to recognize the person, even when it is a close friend or relative.
Let me introduce a new phrase, verbal agnosia.
(What did you expect with a neurologist writing this blog. Hang in there, I’ll get around to making my point.)
From comments made regarding my earlier blog piece, the same word “whitest” from the famous sign in Greenville has different perceived meanings from either black or some white commentators.
Now, I realize some folks are unalterably racist and beyond redemption. Some other folks, no matter how much progress toward racial harmony has been made, will always feel aggrieved. These are not the people about whom I use my recently minted term, verbal agnosia.
I instead refer to people who are simply unable to perceive the term “whitest” has any racial overtones whatsoever and who fail to see how it might offend others black members of their community. Alternatively others are unable to appreciate that some folks use the term in a non-racial, highly regional form. I know some who are not racist but merely verbally agnostic to the negative perception of this term. I suspect the black residents of Greenville have all heard the benign interpretation of the sign but may remain unconvinced. Might honest communication fix this state of affairs and enhance understanding?
A number of comments from white Greenville residents exist on my blog. I believe they honestly believe “whitest” refers to honest, true, or best. Indeed, growing up in Texas, I heard this word used in this very way. But one only has to research the development of the usage of “whitest” before coming across its origin in a very racist society where white clad Ku Klux Klan rode unhindered and lynchings of black men occurred.
Outside of Greenville, Texas my brother-in-law, a native to Greenville, discovered he could not find a person of either race who thought the term anything but offensive. So too thought the then Governor of Texas, John Connally, when he asked the City Fathers of Greenville to remove the famous (infamous) banner that hung across Main Street. It was taken down “for repair” and never put back up. This “for repairs”, I suppose, was a necessary euphemism as many white Greenville citizens were verbally agnostic to the offensive way the sign was perceived by many others.
Only through communication can we become aware of the verbal sensitivities of others. We simply may not recognize what we say or how we say it, may be offensive to others.
Simply waiting and hoping that things will eventually get better, merely delays the understanding necessary to reduce racial prejudices and delays getting over our miscommunications. I have been criticized for writing about the banner, an old and negative aspect of Greenville (an adopted city I love), that some would choose to keep buried. The Chamber of Commerce undoubtedly would not be keen on resurrecting remembrance of the banner., yet it needs the sanitizing effect of daylight.
Good folks who hold different perspectives on this famous sign or on other flashpoints of race relations need to communicate in calm, rational voices. Might discussions over civil war statues fall into this category? Let’s have interracial discussions. Hopefully my blog pieces on this topic have offered an opportunity to do just this.
Through our improved understanding we can begin to make the progress called for by the great Martin Luther King, Jr. I remain inspired by so many of his appeals to our better natures including the following which is one of my personal favorites:
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character– Martin Luther King, Jr. | <urn:uuid:d20cff81-4e4d-47f7-87d2-afbfc28de004> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tomhuttonmd.com/tag/importance-of-communication-in-race-relations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.958012 | 908 | 2.9375 | 3 |
—Carvings in forms of openings, roof ends and walls
have been incorporated as aesthetic and climatic element in the
Malay traditional buildings. Determining the ratio of solids and
voids on carvings elements is seen as an essential step to gain
insight on the performance of carvings as a shading devices to
control sunlight and air flow. The research objectives are to
inventory and digitize the carvings to determine the ratio of
solid and voids, and predict their performances. The carvings
sampled from all states in Peninsular Malaysia are digitized
using AutoCAd to determine the area of solid and void. The
ratio of solid and voids ranges from 1:1 to 99:1 and the most
common ratio are 3:2. The ratio study is a preliminary findings
towards a detail study on the daylight and ventilation control in
the traditional houses.
—Carvings, climatic performance, ratio, solid
The authors are with the Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of
Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University
Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).
Cite: Noor Hanita, Abdul Majid, and Zuraini Denan, "Ratio Determination of Solids and Voids for Traditional
Malay Carvings: A Preparation for Environmental
Performance," International Journal of Engineering and Technology vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 126-129, 2015. | <urn:uuid:827c7276-e72e-4acf-8762-6e3d2bcf5ea5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ijetch.org/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=61&id=897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877903 | 332 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Item #: SCP-843
Object Class: Euclid
Special Containment Procedures: All 3 contained instances of SCP-843-1 are to be stored in their original packaging, within an airtight container. Should any unusual sounds be heard from within the container, D-class personnel armed with flamethrowers are to enter and cleanse the area. SCP-843-2 is to remain in an enclosed pen, with D-Class personnel entering every 12 hours to supply grain and water. Any instance of SCP-843-1 or SCP-843-2 in the wild are to be reported and destroyed.
Description: SCP-843-1 appears to be a seed of Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), painted white with black spots to resemble a typical Holstein cattle's coat. The original packaging for SCP-843-1 contained 5 of these seeds, as well as a piece of paper proclaiming the items within to be 'Cow Seeds'. SCP-843-1 is itself harmless, though when planted within 5 days SCP-843-2 will manifest.
SCP-843-2 is a creature similar to a typical Holstein cattle, save that it is composed entirely of an unknown plant matter. At first, SCP-843-2 is much like a young calf and is rooted to the soil it sprouted from. However, at anywhere between 5 and 10 days the calf will uproot itself and begin to grow at █ times the rate of a normal calf. After uprooting, SCP-843-2 will grow increasingly aggressive. As there is only one instance of SCP-843-2 in containment, it is not currently known how or even if SCP-843-2 reproduces, or how SCP-843-1 is formed. It is currently theorized that [DATA EXPUNGED].
SCP-843 was purchased on ██-██-████ by Agent █████ in a rural town in ███████████. Two seeds were planted in her garden and soon sprouted, showcasing SCP-843-2. █████ reported and was able to contain one instance of SCP-843-2; however, the second escaped into rural ███████████.
Addendum: Agent █████ reported that the store she purchased the item from apparently had 'a couple of displays full of the things' and many people were interested in them. A recovery team was sent to the location █████ provided, but found that the store had been the victim of a faulty electric system and had burnt to the ground. All records of transactions have proven to be inaccessible (as the store was cash only and had no computer based record of transactions). As such, Mobile Task Force Upsilon-2 ("Cattlewranglers") has been established, searching for and containing more instances of SCP-843-2. | <urn:uuid:347e7953-99dd-4a1c-8dc8-9d5b3df7b0ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scp-wiki.net/scp-843 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968001 | 592 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Banking for farmers
One thing that's interesting to me about banking is how it adapts to serve different business sectors. In some sense, a loan is a loan is a loan, but the needs of, say, a car dealership are much different from the needs of a real estate developer.
A couple of weeks ago, I had a chance to speak with Michael Dixon, vice president of agricultural banking at PNC Bank. (We spoke during National Agriculture Week, which PNC commemorated with some promotional outreach initiatives.)
Dixon's clients include all sorts of farmers — dairy, row crop, fruit — as well as feed mill operators and farm equipment dealers. He's been in agricultural banking more than 20 years, he said.
In our conversaton, he emphasized the importance to farmers of cash flow. Many farmers get paid just once a year, when they sell their crop, he said, so they need careful, prudent management to stretch that single paycheck over 12 months.
We talked about farmers being asset-rich but cash-poor. As land prices rise, farmers find themselves sitting on acreage worth millions of dollars that may only generate a few tens of thousands of dollars in income, if that.
That can create major problems at tax time, and it also can make asset transfers tricky — the rationale behind Pennsylvania's abolishment last year of the inheritance tax for working farms.
PNC's wealth-management department works with its ag bankers to address such issues and craft workable succession plans for farm families, Dixon said.
The majority of PNC's ag bankers — about 80 percent — are farmers themselves in some capacity, Dixon said. They know the issues farmers face first-hand.
"Myself, I live on a beef farm up in Tyrone, in Blair County," Dixon said.
"Basically I'm free labor," he joked. "I'm there to help my brother when he needs me."
PNC works with its ag clients in a "consultative" capacity, Dixon said. He emphasized the bank's breadth of product offerings and its technology — treasury-management systems enable clients to get checks cashed and funds made available overnight, for example.
Younger farmers are more likely to have studied agriculture in college, and they tend to be more sophisticated about farm finances, he said. Of course, young farmers are a relatively scarce commodity. The average age of farmers is 57, Dixon said.
The older generation, by and large, "is not as advanced," Dixon said. "We work with them. ... We help them get through it.
"It's like I tell my farmers: Knowing your cows is important. Knowing your financial situation is just as important."
Substitute other products and services for "cows," and I'm guessing that's a statement every businessperson can agree with. | <urn:uuid:681a0876-f79b-45bc-b1db-c91226a4f29e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cpbj.com/article/20130328/BLOGEXTRA/130329729 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974544 | 581 | 1.71875 | 2 |
A 'cookie' is a small text file that is placed on a user's computer hard drive by a website. There are several types of cookie and the most common are often referred to as 'session' cookies. These are used to keep track of information needed by a user as they travel from page to page within a website. These cookies have a short lifetime and expire within a few minutes of the user leaving the site.
Other types of cookies can be used to track internet activity after the user has left a website. These are either sponsored by organisations external to the website being visited (known as 'third party' cookies) or can originate from the website organisation itself ('first party' cookies). These usually have a long lifetime with several months being quite common. They are 'harvested' and 'refreshed' whenever the user visits a page where the same or a similar cookie is being used.
This website uses benign, short lived 'session' cookies and 'first party' cookies to tell whether a website user has logged-in, where to find details that can be used to pre-fill parts of on-line forms and to personalise the user's visit to the website. They are also used to track anonymously which areas of the site are popular and which are not used; this allows us to target carefully our website resources. | <urn:uuid:3cbb0ce3-bac7-49de-b3ea-9ba20aee19cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://royalparkshalf.com/Cookie-Policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.946335 | 532 | 3.015625 | 3 |
6.1 Cleaning 33 6.2 Dismantling/Assembling the Snap Flange Coupling 34 Removing/Inserting the Evaporating Flask Seal 35 6.4 Changing the Seals to the Distribution Head 36 6.5 Installing and Removing the Vacuum Seal 36 6.6 Testing for Leaks 37 6.7 Customer Service 37 7 …
A rotary evaporator (or rotavap/rotovap) is a device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.. The purpose of distillation is to separate a given mixture into its components based on their respective volatilities, through the process of evaporation and condensation (liquid-gas-liquid).
A rotary evaporator also is known as Rotavap, is an apparatus used in chemical laboratories for efficient removal of solvents from the samples at low pressure by evaporation. The rotatory evaporator is designed to work under a vacuum, to lower the boiling point of molecular compounds as well as heating the sample.
A rotary evaporator, or rotavap, is a piece of equipment that efficiently and gently removes volatile solvents from your product through evaporation. The main components of a rotavap are: An evaporation flask, which contains the sample material. A motor that rotates the flask. A vacuum-sealed vapor pathway, which draws vapor off the sample.
A vacuum rotary evaporator is used for quick single-stage Fig. 3.1: Functional elements of the R-250 EX 3 Function distillations that treat the product gently. The process is based on the evaporation and condensation of solvents in a rotating evaporating flask. It is possible to work under a vacuum to ensure gentler treat-
Any use which deviates from the device‘s intended use is considered to be improper. The manufacturer does not accept liability for any damages resulting from non-permitted uses. The risk is carried by the operator alone. Safety Instructions 7 Installation / Electrical safety
Assurez-vous que l’vaporateur rotatif est utilis uniquement lorsqu’il est raccord une hotte d’aspiration, renouvellement de l’air x10, avec contrle des erreurs (voir les normes DIN EN 14175 et DIN 12924). Modifications to the device / Modifications de lappareil
Aug 08, 2019 Failures and Troubleshooting of a Rotary Evaporator 1. The power indicator light doesn’t work when turn on the power switch. There are three possible reasons. Firstly, the... 2. The power indicator light works but the rotary evaporator doesn’t rotate. There are three possible reasons as well. 3. ... Get Details
Bump Trap, 250mL, Rotary Evaporator, Modified, 24/40 Top Outer, 14/20 Lower Inner. Similar to CG-1320, but with the addition of two 4mm drain holes at the base of the inner tube to allow solvent to drain back into the evaporation flask. Traps have a 24/40 top outer joint and the listed size of lower inner joint.
Characteristics Maximum evaporation flask size Maximum flask capacity Maximum heating bath temperature Rotation speed range Interface Vacuum pump Recirculating chiller Rotavapor R-300 System Professional 5 l 3 kg 220 C 10-280 rpm - Yes Yes Rotavapor R-300 System Advanced 5 l 3 kg 220 C 10-280 rpm - Yes No Rotavapor R-300 Basic 1 l 3 kg 95 C
Concept. Rotary evaporators are mainly used to evaporate light boiling components under normal pressure or vacuum. When used in pilot plant and small scale production they are also suitable for semi-continuous evaporation. They are characterized by providing a gentle thermal treatment for temperature-sensitive mediums and provide a higher ...
Dec 16, 2019 Connect one socket to the rotovap (where the evaporation flask would usually go). You can secure it in place or hold it with one hand. Note, the flask should not be set to spin during this process. Use your thumb to close the second socket of the two-neck flask. Set the vacuum pump to around 250 mbar and switch it on.
Easy adjustment of the immersion depth up to 155 mm and the inclination angle from 20 to 80 Standby function and residual heat warning at heating bath temperatures above 50 C Available as hand or motor lift models The standby button stops all functions and, when using a motor lift model, lifts the evaporating flask from the heating bath.
Feb 14, 2022 Rotary evaporators (rotovaps) are devices employed for removing solvents efficiently via the process of evaporation. The rotary evaporation process is one of the most widely used methods of solvent evaporation due to its optimal extraction and distillation performance. Rotary evaporators are also used for concentration, crystallization, drying ...
For the test sets conforming to EN and ASTM versions, see accessories. Complete with 1000 ml cap. glass flat evaporating balloon. Rotation speed: adjustable from 20 to 270 rpm. Temperature range: from + 20 to + 210C. Power: 1300 W. Weight approx.: 27 kg. The Rotary evaporator can accept evaporating balloons up to 5000 m cap. Products.
In this lesson, we will learn how to describe the removal of solvent in vacuo by rotary evaporation, assessing hazards and common errors. The portal has been deactivated. Please contact your portal admin.
In this worksheet, we will practice describing the removal of solvent in vacuo by rotary evaporation, assessing hazards and common errors. The portal has been deactivated. Please contact your portal admin.
Jan 01, 2020 Rotary evaporation is a powerful technique for quickly removing solvent from a solution of cannabis or hemp extract. There are two distinct methods of operating a rotary evaporator: batch or continuous; choosing the correct one for the task is crucial. For the purposes typically required in the cannabis industry, i.e. winterization or color ...
Jul 30, 2021 KNF RC 600 Rotary Evaporator, www.knf.com. KNF. Evaporators remove water or organic solvents from samples, often for sample concentration, solvent recycling, or separating solvent mixtures. They are widely used in pharmaceutical and food and beverage industries, as well as many chemistry and life science laboratories.
Large-scale evaporator Hei-VAP Industrial Operating manual must be read before initial start-up. Please follow the safety instructions provided. Please keep for future reference. Grorotationsverdampfer Hei-VAP Industrial Betriebsanleitung vor Erstinbetriebnahme unbedingt lesen. Sicherheitshinweise beachten. Fr knftige Verwendung aufbewahren.
May 28, 2020 ERROR 1 ERROR 1 ERROR 2 ERROR 2 ERROR 2 ERROR 2 ERROR 2 Password and Confirm password must match. ... Rotary Evaporators - Redefining the Way You Evaporate REGISTER NOW . 8:00 a.m. PDT, 11:00 a.m ...
Rotary evaporation is a technique commonly used in organic chemistry to remove a volatile solvent from a non-volatile compound of interest. Invented by Lyman C. Craig in 1950 the rotary evaporator, or rotovap, gently removes solvents from compounds using heat combined with reduced pressure to evaporate, dry, and purify samples for further downstream use.
Rotary Evaporator Fact Sheet . What are Rotary Evaporators? A rotary evaporator (also called as “rotavap” or “rotovap”) is a device used in labs for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation. The picture on the right shows what a typical rotary evaporator includes. What are Potential Hazards?
Rotary Evaporator in the P.O.W.E.R. Laboratory Elliot Sepos, April 2012 Description of Process Some chemical procedures require a quick and effective separation of substances through evaporation. The Rotary Evaporator is a tool which puts the separable substance under vacuum and heats evenly through a spinning motion, causing one component to ...
Rotary Evaporator in the P.O.W.E.R. Laboratory John Hodul, February 2019 Description of Process Some chemical procedures require a quick and effective removal of substances through evaporation. The Rotary Evaporator is a tool which utilizes vacuum, heat, and spinning motion to cause one component to evaporate while leaving the first component ...
The purpose of using the rotary evaporator. We use the rotary evaporator (rotovap) for two main purposes: 1.to concentrate non-volatile components in a mixture (for example, concentrating the purest and freshest flavors from a blood orange by removing the water); 2. to extract the volatile aroma and flavor molecules from mixtures gently and at ...
The rotary evaporator has been designed for use in technical laboratories and in production. It is authorized for use in applica-tions that work with the evaporation and condensation of solvents. It is used for: • Evaporation of solvents and suspensions • Drying of powders and granulates • Re-crystallization • Reactions under reflux
the Rotary Evaporator” – Solution from extraction is distilled by partially immersing the rotating distillation flask of the rotary evaporator in a heated oil bath while the solution is subjected to a partial vacuum and a flow of nitrogen or carbon dioxide (CO 2) gas – The recovered asphalt can be subjected to testing as required
The Rotavapor R-220 EX is being manufactured with the exclusive use of corrosion-free stainless steel, which turns it into a long-lasting investment. The highly chemical resistant materials of the R-220 EX and the robust industrial valves contribute to the long lifetime and low maintenance of the product and ensures completely trouble-free ...
The Rotavapor R-300 meets the highest expectations of convenience and versatility in rotary evaporation. Its modular design allows the R-300 to be extended to a fully integrated system where a central interface regulates each component. Evaporating flask size: 50 – 5000 mL. Lift mechanism: Manual or automatic. Temperature range: 20 – 220 C.
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1. Get your place to look the part!
2. Then set up a station for your favorite team!
3. Start off the celebration with a torch lighting ceremony!
4. Turn your young athletes into Olympians!
5. When it's time to play - there's no games like snow games!
6. This aim-testing game is a fun challenge for everyone!
7. Or you know...
8. Follow up fun Olympic games with these tasty Olympic popcorn torches!
9. Or make things even sweeter with these dipped strawberries!
10. These Team USA cupcakes just can't be beat!
11. After eating, award your Olympians with these toy Olympic medals!
And there you have it: 11 Easy ways to watch the 2018 Winter Olympics with your kids! The games officially start in PyeongChang, South Korea on Friday, February 9th. Don’t forget to comment your own Winter Olympics party ideas in the meantime! | <urn:uuid:b300e0e4-3346-43bf-9619-36c905eee13f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buzzfeed.com/philafestivities/11-family-friendly-2018-winter-olympics-party-idea-311o5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.923587 | 203 | 1.5 | 2 |
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Nothing connects us to our heritage quite like the cozy warmth and craftsmanship of the heirloom quilts passed from one generation to the next. These quilts are more than just pretty bed-covers; these precious quilts carry within them connections to our personal, as well as cultural past.
My mother had a little quilt her grandmother, Big Mama, had made for her when she was very young. It is a traditional pattern, particularly popular during the Depression years, the Sunbonnet Children. Naturally, after years of use, the quilt became quite worn and ragged, so it was tucked away for years.
Then one day my mother salvaged the least worn blocks and had them mounted and framed. They now hang in my sister's living room, a quaint reminder of a heritage rich in resourcefulness and hard work.
Do you have a precious quilt? Maybe passed down from your mother or grandmother? From an aunt or cousin? Is it worn or frayed -- boxed up for safe-keeping? Or in pristine condition?
Is it a carefully crafted quilt with perfect corners and exquisite stitches. Or is it a special quilt, made of colorful scraps from bits and pieces of the lives of your ancestors?
Please share your quilt -- and it's story!
Tell us about it! Share a picture!
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Click below to see pictures and stories of precious heirloom quilts from other visitors to this page...
Name this Pattern?
I bought a duvet cover at a local thrift store this weekend. I knew it had some kind of comforter in it but when I got it home and stripped off the cover …
Boy in Overalls
My mom (1927-2009) had it, I think she got it from my grandmother (1896-1985).
Hand-Stitched Flower Basket quilt
I do not know much about this quilt yet. What I have been told is that this quilt was made by my Grandmothers great-aunt on her mother's side. That would …
Clark's Quilt Not rated yet
My Great Aunt Bethel, 93, has been quilting by hand since she was a young girl. As she recounted why and how she began quilting, she described how in …
McKenna, Coan and Mason Family Quilt Not rated yet
I was quite humbled to receive the family quilt -- that I had no idea even existed -- in the mail yesterday. I'm sure it was made between the last 1800s …
Indian TeePee Quilt Not rated yet
This well-worn Indian TeePee quilt belonged to my maternal grandparents, Steve and Minnie Williams, of Upshur County, Texas. The pattern is also sometimes …
Dresden Plate Wedding Quilt Not rated yet
This lovely Dresden Plate quilt was a wedding present for my parents, Lawson and Mabel Sowell, in 1931. It was pieced, appliqued, and quilted by hand with …
Grandmother's Fan Quilt Not rated yet
This beautiful Grandmother's Fan quilt was made by my maternal grandmother, Minnie Williams, in Rosewood, Upshur County, Texas. Carefully stitched in one …
The Warm Crazy Quilt Not rated yet
The quilt had to be warm -- warm enough to keep the cold away for the newlyweds in North Dakota. My mother grew up in Iowa and was married to a ND farmer … | <urn:uuid:3f3672f9-2762-43a1-bd38-991d0bd23408> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quilting-in-america.com/Heirloom-Quilts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.975123 | 811 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Netflix, the cherished consumer-capitalist medium that helps us to forget about the rotten state of our world and binge-watch TV shows. But TV can be intelligent and/or spark dialogue about serious issues. For instance, in April the series 13 Reasons Why: Beyond the Reasons went viral and spurred much discussion on the interwebs on topics like mental health, bullying, and suicide. My social media feeds were flooded with earnest posts on how important the show was, which is why a month later I was surprised by how little hullabaloo was made for Dear White People.
Based on its 2014 big screen namesake, Dear White People is centred on the lives and perspectives of a minority group of Black students in the predominantly white and Ivy League, Winchester University. Race is the overarching theme of the show, with sub-themes like being woke, colorism, internalised racism etc. This is further interspersed with the regular college drama that includes friendship, love and rivalry. In addition, the witty repartees and quotable rants, lovable yet flawed characters and harrowing plot twists make the show a delight to the intelligent audience. It is acidic satire at its comical and philosophical best.
Each of the show’s ten episodes is centred on one of the main characters, but it is the women and queer characters who shine the brightest in the series.
It is acidic satire at its comical and philosophical best.
Samantha White, a striking bi-racial woman is the driving force behind Black activism in the university, she fiercely articulates her militant politics by calling out on campus racism as the host of the radio show, Dear White People. Sam is a complex character whose radical politics often jar with the real life decisions she has to make. Her decision to date Gabe, a white man is at full-blast odds with her Medium article called ‘Don’t fall in love with your oppressor’ and what her peers expect of her. Even so, Sam chooses to follow her heart and tries to make it work, well kind of.
And then there is Sam’s foil, Colandrea ‘Coco’ Conners. Coming from the hoods of Chicago, Coco believes in working from within the system instead of warring against it. To the average ‘woke’ person, it’d seem that Coco with her respectability politics is an assimilationist but as the show progresses, we see that there is more to her than meets the eye. Beneath her superficial demeanour, lies someone who has made the most of herself in a racist system that puts all odds against her. Apart from this, Coco’s seasonal arch involves a very gratifying feminist awakening.
Although the character of Joelle is essentially a sidekick, she gleams from the margins as a well-rounded character. In a show which doesn’t hesitate to mock its characters, Joelle is perhaps the most authentic character whom the audience can relate to. An excellent friend, she spouts some of the most insightful lines in the show, while reasoning with her friends.
Lionel Higgins is a shy, nerdy and awkward queer boy who is a dedicated campus journalist. He often finds himself sticking out in Black male circles that tend to be heteronormative and queer circles that are largely white. As the moral centre of the show, it’s Lionel who organizes fellow students to break up the racist Blackface party that occupies the initial episodes, and who starts an upheaval in the season finale with his courageous muckraking of the university administration and its donors. Lionel also has a very relatable crush on his super gorgeous, jock roommate Troy Fairbanks who is the student body president. The scene where Lionel comes out to Troy as the latter gives him a haircut in his towel is a new high for the treatment of queer characters on a TV show.
Besides its brilliant and beautiful characters, Dear White People’s candid portrayal of the lived experiences of Blackness and its awareness of racial and political issues is unique and winning. The audience gets to see and hear it all from colourism and microagressions, to the problem with non-Black people using the N word, police brutality against people of colour etc.
Despite the admirable politics of some of its main characters, the show demonstrates that there is no such thing as a perfect personal politics as real lives are far too messy to ascribe to flawlessness. And likewise, Dear White People is not a perfect show, the portrayal of the only non-American person on the show, a Kenyan student, was criticised by many for being stereotypical. And yet, in its best moments the show transposes the palpable and heartrending pain of racism and oppression in the real world onto the small screen, breaking the fence between real and reel life.
Dear White People never got the fervid reaction that 13 Reasons Why received and the reason is quite obvious. Talking about race and racism makes people uncomfortable – it provokes you to think and feel and question systemic oppression and discrimination.
Racism may be a massive issue in the States but we’re not lagging behind too far at home. Our official response to African students being murdered and assaulted has been shamefully patronising with a refusal to realise that India is a society where deep rooted colorism and casteism exist and interweave to produce an unapologetic brand of racism.
Racism may be a massive issue in the States but we’re not lagging behind too far at home.
The rise in incidents of Dalits and Muslims being brutalised, is only one fragment of an entire ecosystem of oppression that prevails in India. The discrimination against Dalits and Muslims reveal that caste and religion are our very own home-grown oppressive structures that are deeply entrenched in our collective psyche. Racism and other forms of oppression are issues that affect the entire globe and so it’s high time that socially conscious art like Dear White People started infringing mainstream media. So stay woke! | <urn:uuid:fbff7cb6-e7fa-4490-9a5a-3d8c3dbea26a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feminisminindia.com/2017/07/20/watch-netflix-dear-white-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.963828 | 1,241 | 1.851563 | 2 |
An organization as a social entity is described by its mission, processes, structure and culture. Its mission defines its reason for existence in terms of the difference it makes in the lives of consumers of its products and services – its added-value to them. The mission may serve others in the organization, external organizations or individual consumers. It may be very clear and consistent, or may become vague and inconsistent indicating a loss of commonality in the consciousness and realities of the organization’s members.I can map Murray’s description to Aristotle’s four causes, namely, formal (the “essence” or nature of the thing), material (its substance), efficient (relating to what brings it into being, closest to the conventional, if misguided, notion of cause-and-effect) and final (its ultimate reason for being).
The organizational capacity to achieve the mission is provided by the other elements of the socio-technical infrastructure. Processes provide a dynamic perspective no members working together using standardized procedures to create and deliver products and services for customers and to manage the organization. … An organization’s processes and structure are based on the shared attitudes, values and perceptions that constitute its culture.
From the perspective of its members’ interactions, an organization is described in terms of their roles, responsibilities, relationships and resource management practices. … Such roles and responsibilities are interdependent with the organization’s processes, structure and culture. If defined entirely within the context of an organization’s units they are consistent with fragmented processes, thick boundaries, and a possessive culture, but these elements will be very different if roles and responsibilities are defined in relation to the organization as a whole. Similarly, members’ working and reporting relationships… the same is true of resource management practices. … When organizations are perceived as patterned human behaviors underlying their elements as social entities and as members’ interactions, they can be described in terms of their internal and external information flow and the mental model that allow members to acquire a common reality (p. 221-222).
I make the following correspondences in the traditional view:
|Mission||Raison d’être, purpose, end||Final cause||Based on perceived (and often conceived) need|
|Socio-technical environment||Process||Means||Efficient cause||Based on shared attitudes, values, perceptions|
|Structure||Means||(Arguably) Material cause|
|Culture||End||Final cause||Shapes and influences shared attitudes, values, perceptions|
Adherence to the priority of an organization’s “mission,” considered to be its purpose or “raison d’être,” is often used to justify certain behaviours, and pre-empt considerations of wider effect. It is many of these rationalized behaviours that have been indicted as characteristic ills of modern corporations, and sometimes result in an over-enthusiastic (to put it mildly) response to some of these ills. Even the simplistic notion, espoused by the likes of economist Milton Friedman, that an organization’s “social responsibility is to increase its profits,” places the “divine right of capital” (as it is characterized by author Marjoree Kelly) as the ultimate mission of any commercial organization.
With Valence Theory, the “mission” can be considered as something other than the final cause, the purpose or the end. Rather, the mission can be considered a means towards an end that is defined according to Effect-ive Theory. In this characterization, the mission defines the form of the endeavour, corresponding more to an aspect of formal cause of the enterprise organization, rather than its final cause. Specifically, it is a means to enable the organization’s formal cause or effect, within the context of its environment.
Culture, defined in terms of Effect-ive Theory, reflects the measure of effects, especially reflexive effects (that is, the effects of organizational interactions fed back and affecting the component actants within the larger organizational collective (à la Latour). This is the essence of my culture/effect-ive theory argument. As well, organizational culture, as a final cause, is a non-deterministic, emergent effect of the network of valences among a given organization, its component members, and the other organizations with which it shares valences.
Why, then, should an organization’s mission necessarily be considered as its immutable, guiding light? Over time, mission, too, becomes an emergent property of the greater organizational system of valences, non-deterministically and intimately tied to the emergent culture. Whereas conventionally, mission was considered as the predominant expression of an organization’s instrumentality – what does the organization want to do? – under Valence and Effect-ive Theories, the notion of mission changes slightly, but significantly, to ask what are the nature of the changes among its valences that this organization will effect? A organization's management and members are only effect-ive if they can anticipate and bring about the intended effects.
- Kelly, M. (2001). The divine right of capital. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
- Murray, R. (2005). Theory of integral complex organization. In Richardson, K.A. (Ed.), Managing organizational complexity: Philosophy, theory and application (pp. 217-35). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
- Friedman, M. (1970, September 13 1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 32 ff.
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62.4lb/ft^3*7 ft (vertical distance from tank to faucet, roughly)=436.4 lb/ft^2
436.4lb/ft^*(1 ft^2/144in^2)=3 psi
I think that explains why people don't use tanks on the roof.
Now there is some velocity to factor into the equation once it starts moving, but I think that gives you a pretty good idea why people don't use tanks on the roof. You just don't get any pressure. Without the pressure you will have to make up for it with volume (like to get soap out of your hair) and we just don't have the resources to do so.
Typical bathroom type fixtures are designed to run on about 40 psi and are restricted such to deliver the proper spray pattern and strength at that pressure. If you drop below it I think you will be disappointed.
What you CAN do is something similar to what I did and just pressurize your water tank with air. My water pressure is NOT consistant as a result and varies within 1 psi of what the air pressure is in the tank, but it's silent and easy to deal with. Realistically, 15-20 psi is more than sufficient for most purposes, but you'd need to have your water tank mounted 35 feet above your bus to achieve this. | <urn:uuid:9eabb886-fad2-496d-a057-7cccd8967371> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.skoolie.net/forums/f13/newb-here-gravity-h20-question-4981.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967033 | 282 | 2.21875 | 2 |
TRENTON – New Jersey lawmakers and Gov. Chris Christie announced bi-partisan legislation to preserve the state’s Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights law.
In late January, the state Council on Local Mandates found that the law contained unfunded mandates after several school districts filed complaints. The Legislature was given 60 days to remedy the law or risk it being invalidated.
“We know that students have the best opportunity to learn and achieve when they’re in an environment that’s safe and free from bullying and intimidation,” Christie said at an afternoon press conference. “This legislation is extraordinarily important to meet those goals.”
Under the proposed fix, the state will provide $1 million in funding to be awarded as grants through the New Jersey’s Department of Education to help districts with programming, approaches and personnel issues. A seven-member taskforce will also be created to draw up guidance for school districts to follow in implementing the law.
“The task force is an extremely important part of this legislation because it, in addition to the funding, will help ease any administrative burdens that districts may face in implementing ABBRA,” said state Sen. Diane Allen (R- Burlington). “With students who report being bullied in school far more likely to contemplate, attempt, or succeed in committing suicide, it is incumbent upon us as a state to invest the time and resources necessary to eradicate this problem from our education system. This law gives parents and teachers the tools necessary to avert tragedy, and it must be preserved.”
“I’m extremely pleased with this solution because at the end of the day, the law has not changed, which means that our goal of protecting the countless students who are at the mercy of bullies day in and day out remains intact,” said Assemblywoman Valerie Vainieri Huttle (D-Bergen). “With any new law of this magnitude, there’s going be some growing pains. This will help assist schools in adjusting and complying with the new requirements. I’m grateful that everyone involved in this process has shown a willingness to work together for the benefit of our students.”
“Hopefully it will be easier for schools to implement the Anti-Bullying law as a result of this agreement. More importantly, it protects all of the victims of bullying who may not have had the law on their side until now,” said state Sen. Barbara Buono (D-Middlesex). “I hope this sends a strong message to students everywhere, who have been harassed, intimidated or bullied, that they are not alone and their pleas have not fallen on deaf ears.”
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The elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle Chrysochroa fulgidissima are metallic green with purple stripes. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the elytral surface is approximately flat. The accordingly specular green and purple areas have, with normal illumination, 100–150 nm broad reflectance bands, peaking at about 530 and 700 nm. The bands shift progressively towards shorter wavelengths with increasing oblique illumination, and the reflection then becomes highly polarized. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epicuticle of the green and purple areas consists of stacks of 16 and 12 layers, respectively. Assuming gradient refractive index values of the layers between 1.6 and 1.7 and applying the classical multilayer theory allowed modelling of the measured polarization- and angle-dependent reflectance spectra. The extreme polarized iridescence exhibited by the elytra of the jewel beetle may have a function in intraspecific recognition.
Structural colours created by multilayers are widely used in the animal kingdom for display and/or camouflage [1–3]. Striking examples are the jewel beetles, woodboring beetles of the Buprestidae family, which display resplendent metallic colours owing to multilayers in the cuticle . For Euchroma gigantea, the ceiba borer beetle, Durrer & Villiger concluded that the epicuticle consists of a stack of five melanin-containing layers, 60–80 nm thick and embedded at a regular distance of 60 nm in chitin. Similar layered structures have been demonstrated to exist in other Buprestidae, e.g. the jewel beetles Chrysochroa vittata [6,7], Chrysochroa fulgidissima [8,9] and Chrysochroa raja .
The Japanese jewel beetle, C. fulgidissima, has beautiful, brilliant green elytra with longitudinal purplish stripes. Because of their striking iridescence, this jewel beetle was used as ornament in ancient Japanese times. Indeed, its Japanese name, Tamamushi-no-zushi, derives from archaic Japanese ‘Tama’, meaning jewels or beautiful things and ‘Mushi’, meaning small animals. The famous seventh century Japanese national treasure Tamamushi-no-zushi, the beetle wing shrine, was decorated with innumerous iridescent elytra of C. fulgidissima.
Previous optical studies of the iridescence of jewel beetles have attempted to establish a quantitative description of measured reflectance spectra using multilayer modelling [8,10] and furthermore have shown that the beetles' photonic structures can inspire biomimetic applications . Here, we extend the previous work by presenting a comprehensive set of reflectance spectra, measured as a function of angle and polarization. By using various optical approaches, among others a novel imaging scatterometer (ISM) , we establish that the epicuticle of the beetle's elytra can be well treated as an ideal multilayer interference reflector that creates a strong polarized iridescence. We show that a classical multilayer with a gradient refractive index is an appropriate model for the jewel beetle elytra, providing an in-depth understanding of the Chrysochroa beetle's coloration. The range of the refractive index gradient realized in the jewel beetle cuticle appears to be surprisingly narrow.
2. Material and methods
Chrysochroa fulgidissima specimens were collected at the campus of the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, from June to August 2004.
The elytra were removed from the body, using a razor blade and fine scissors, for studying their anatomy. Details of the elytral surface were photographed with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope equipped with an Olympus DP70 digital camera, and with a Philips XL-30 ESEM scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The elytral surface was scanned with a Veeco Dimension 3100 atomic force microscope (AFM), used in dynamic mode with Olympus AC240TS tips with tip radius less than 7 nm.
For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the elytra were immersed in primary fixative solution (2.5% glutaraldehyde, 2.5% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH = 7.4) and placed for 12 h in a refrigerator at 4°C. Tissues were rinsed several times in phosphate buffer solution, post-fixed for 2 h with 1 per cent OsO4 in the same buffer at room temperature, dehydrated through a graded series of ethanol solutions and after transfer to propylene oxide embedded in a mixed solution of Epon 812 (TAAB) and Araldite (TAAB). Dehydration effects of the dry cuticle were assumed to be of minor size. Sections were cut with an ultramicrotome and picked up with 100-mesh copper grids. The sections were double-stained with 2 per cent uranyl acetate and 0.4 per cent lead citrate solution for 5 and 3 min, respectively, and observed with a JEM-1220 (JEOL) transmission electron microscope at 80 kV emission voltage.
Using Matlab, the TEM micrographs revealing the multilayer in the epicuticle were evaluated by determining the average value of the image pixels in 10 nm thick layers, I(z), where z is the coordinate perpendicular to the cuticle surface. Subsequently, the optical density, D(z) = −log10[I(z)], was calculated, assuming that the density is proportional to the concentration of electron-dense material.
(c) Imaging scatterometry and spectrometry
The spatial distribution of the light scattered by the elytra was visualized with an ISM, a diagram of which is shown in figure 1a. A small piece of an elytron was therefore glued to a tip of a glass micropipette. The wing piece, the object, was positioned in the first focal plane (F1) of an elliptical mirror (E), where it was viewed and photographed via a small, about 5°, axial hole in the mirror with camera C1 (Jenoptik ProgRes C10). The object was illuminated with the primary beam, delivered by light source S1 via diaphragms D1,2 and lenses L1,2, and/or by the secondary beam, from light source S2 via diaphragms D3–5, lenses L4,5 and half-mirror H1. The light scattered by the object into the frontal hemisphere was focused by the elliptical mirror in its second focal plane, F2, and imaged by lens L6 in its back focal plane, I, which thus received the object's spatial distribution of scattered light. An opaque object positioned axially in plane I served as a spatial filter, blocking the transmitted light from the primary beam. The scattered light pattern of plane I was imaged by lens L7 onto camera C2 (Olympus DP70). The images, corrected for the optical distortions of the set-up, were converted into polar plots (figure 5). Figure 1b diagrammatically shows how light from the axial primary beam is reflected by a specular object rotated in steps of 15°, from 0° to 45°, and figure 1c diagrammatically shows how light from the secondary beam with angles of incidence 30° and 60° is reflected by a specular object, normal to the axis of the scatterometer. The red circles in the hemispheres of figure 1b,c indicate angular directions of 5°, 30°, 60° and 90°, which are also drawn in the polar plots.
The set-up shown in figure 1a is a slight modification of that described by Stavenga et al. (; see also [12,13]). The added facility, a CCD detector array spectrometer (SP; AvaSpec-2048-2, Avantes, Eerbeek, The Netherlands), samples a small area of the scattered light pattern via half-mirror H2, lens L8 and one channel of a bifurcated light guide (effective aperture approx. 4°). The other channel of the bifurcated light guide was connected to a source S3, the light of which was focused by L8 onto mirror M, which is conjugated to plane I by half-mirror H2. The light beam reflected by mirror M and subsequently reflected by H2 towards lens L7 reached camera C2, and thus allowed identification of the area sampled by spectrometer. Laterally displacing the fibre tip together with lens L8 allowed sampling of any area of choice of the scattering pattern in plane I, and hence of any chosen spatial direction of the light scattered by the object. A small piece of MgO served as a white diffusing reference object. The differences in spatial scattering profiles of the object and reference were accounted for in the calculations of the reflectance spectra.
The reflectance spectra of small elytral areas were measured with a microspectrophotometer (MSP), consisting of a xenon light source, a Leitz Ortholux microscope and an S2000 fibre optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics). The microscope objective was an Olympus 20×, NA 0.46.
(d) Polarization- and angle-dependent reflectance measurements
The polarization and angle dependence of the reflectance spectra of the elytra were measured by using two optical fibres (figure 2a). One end of the first optical fibre was connected to a deuterium/halogen light source (AvaLight-D(H)-S) or a xenon lamp, and its other end was mounted on a goniometer together with a small lens, which focused the fibre tip at the goniometer's rotation axis. The second fibre was mounted with one end at a second goniometer, together with a similarly focusing lens and a polarization filter that could be rotated around the optical axis of lens and fibre entrance; the other end was connected to a CCD detector array spectrometer (AvaSpec-2048-2). The rotation axes of the two goniometers coincided and the two fibres rotated in the same plane. The patch to be measured was positioned in that plane, at the axis of rotation of the goniometers. The aperture of the fibres was 5° (full width at half maximum, FWHM) and the distance of the tips to the centre of the illuminated spot was 4 and 12 cm, respectively. The receiving fibre thus sampled a larger area than the illuminated spot, but it did not fully capture all the reflected light. The spatial reflectance profile of a mirror illuminated with a static illumination fibre and measured with a rotating receiving fibre was approximately Gaussian, with aperture 5° (FWHM; figure 2b). The beetle cuticle approximated an ideal reflector; the aperture of the reflected light was 12° (FWHM), independent of the angle of light incidence (figure 2b). Therefore, at all illumination angles, the same fraction of the reflected light was captured. In the reflectance measurements, a white diffusing reference tile (Avantes WS-2) served as reference. The reflectance spectra were corrected for the difference in spatial scattering properties of the object and reference.
The reflectance of the multilayer in the epicuticle of the jewel beetles' elytra was calculated by applying the classical multilayer theory for dielectric media (see the appendix). Both the real (n) and imaginary (k) part of the refractive index of the cuticle were assumed to be proportional to the optical density derived from the TEM micrographs: n(z) = 1.58 + aD(z) and k(z, λ) = b κ(λ)D(z), with a = 0.15 and b = 1 for the green area, and a = 0.1 and b = 2 for the purple area, with κ(λ) = (λ/4π)*α(λ) and α(λ) the absorption spectrum for melanin, determined from transmission measurements, normalized at 500 nm (the dimension of α is µm−1 when taking λ in µm; see figure 11a). The parameters a and b were determined heuristically to optimize agreement between the model and the experiment.
(a) Optical properties
The Japanese jewel beetle, C. fulgidissima, has a brightly reflecting cuticle in virtually all body parts. The elytra, which mainly determine the beetles' appearance when at rest, reflect maximally in the green region, with longitudinal, dark-purple stripes interrupting the pattern; at the borders in between the green and purple areas, the cuticle is red/orange (figure 3a). The female and male are coloured almost identically, and the only apparent difference between the two sexes is that the males have more prominent eyes . Observing the elytra at higher magnification reveals that the colour of the elytral surface is not unique and can vary between yellow and violet in the green region (figure 3b) and from orange to deep red/purple in the purple region (figure 3c). This indicates that locally the multilayers below the surface, which cause the colour, can slightly vary in layer thickness and/or refractive index.
The elytral surface is dotted with distinct pits having distances about 100 µm together with numerous minor indentations, with distances of the order of 10 µm (figure 3b,c), which form a tessellated pattern of more or less hexagonal tiles. The irregular surface will affect the reflection properties, and therefore we investigated the elytral surface with scanning electron microscopy (figure 4a) and atomic force microscopy (figure 4b,c). The surface in between the minor indentations appeared to be indeed not flat, but the radius of curvature of the tiles is rather large, about 100 µm (figure 4b), so that the normal to the surface changes over no more than approximately 6–7°. Over a large area, the direction of the normal to the surface will vary more, of course, especially near the pits and indentations, but the latter structures make up only a minor part of the surface, and therefore we conclude that in fair approximation the elytra will locally act as approximately plane reflectors.
(b) Imaging scatterometry
That the elytra act as plane reflectors was confirmed with the ISM of figure 1a. Small pieces of the green as well as purple elytral areas were mounted in the scatterometer and, using the white light primary beam (S1) with a small diaphragm (D1), an area with diameter 40 µm was illuminated (indicated by the circle in figure 5a,b). The illuminated area appeared as dotted (figure 5a,b), with each dot representing a tile of the tessellated cuticle, because the aperture of the primary beam as well as that of the near-field (nf) camera C1 (figure 1a) are limited to 5° , and thus the scattered light from the rims of the tiles could not be captured by the camera. The scattering of the illuminated elytral piece was investigated in four cases where the angle of incidence was 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°, respectively. This was realized by rotating the elytral pieces around an axis perpendicular to the direction of illumination in steps of 15° as indicated in figure 1b. The resulting scattering patterns, documented by the far-field (ff) camera C2 (figure 1a) are shown superimposed in figure 5c (green) and d (purple). For both the green and the purple elytra, the scattering patterns were directionally very restricted spots, with half-width of the spatial profile about 10°, centred around the directional angles 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° (as expected for an ideal mirror; the central reflection spot, representing reflection on the surface oriented perpendicularly to the illuminating beam, is incomplete, because of the 10° central black hole in the elliptical mirror and the blocking spatial filter in plane I; figure 1a).
The beetle's cuticle is of course not an ideal mirror, but a multilayer reflector, as witnessed by the dependence of the colour of the reflected spots on the angle of illumination. Illumination of the cuticle with a white, wide-aperture beam should therefore result in a variety of colours. A wide-aperture illumination was realized with the secondary beam (see the diagram in figure 1c) by completely opening up (i.e. removing) diaphragm D4 (figure 1a). With unpolarized light, a green elytron reflects green into angles up to about 45°, which changes at larger angles into blue and violet, and at angles above 70°, a broad-band white reflection results (figure 5e). The angular scattering pattern is virtually circular and symmetrical, except for the black bar at 180° of the polar diagram, which is due to the pipette holding the elytral piece obstructing the light reflected by the elliptical mirror. The purple elytral piece reflects dark-red/brown into angles up to about 30°, changing into red/orange at angles around 60°, and into yellow and broad-band white above an angle of incidence and reflection of 60° (figure 5f). We emphasize here that figure 5e,f demonstrates that the ISM in a single picture captures the angle dependence of the colour of the reflected light.
It is well known that multilayer reflectance not only depends on the angle of illumination, but also on the degree of polarization [14–16]. We therefore inserted a (vertically) polarizing filter into the white illumination beam. This results in dark areas in the scatterograms (figure 5g,h), apparently because the polarized light is poorly reflected in certain angular directions. Upon rotation of the polarization filter, the patterns of figure 5g,h rotated simultaneously, demonstrating the rotational symmetry of the elytral scattering.
The angle-dependent reflection of the polarized light was studied in more detail with the spectrometer attachment of our scatterometer (figure 1a). The spectra for both TE- (transverse electric or s-) and TM- (transverse magnetic or p-) polarized light were obtained for a few different angular directions (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) in the vertical plane of the scattering pattern (figure 6). The TE- and TM-reflectance bands shifted hypsochromically for both the green and purple elytra (figure 6a,b). The TE reflectance increased in amplitude, but the TM reflectance decreased in amplitude (figure 6c,d).
(c) Polarization- and angle-dependent spectrometry
For detailed spectrometry, especially concerning the angle dependence of the polarization, the set-up with two rotating fibres, diagrammatically shown in figure 2a, appeared to be more flexible than the scatterometer. Small spots of the green and purple areas of the elytra were illuminated with focused white light from one fibre and the reflected light was collected by the second fibre, which was equipped with a polarizing filter. With about normal illumination, the reflectance spectra obtained from various areas showed a distinct band, peaking at 500–550 nm (green) or 650–720 nm (purple), with half-width approximately 100 (green) and approximately 150 nm (purple). As to be expected from the scattering patterns of figure 5, the reflectance spectra strongly depended on the angle of light incidence. We changed the angle of light incidence, θ0, in steps of 10° when θ0 < 50° and in steps of 5° when θ0 > 50°, and simultaneously changed the angle of the measurement fibre, symmetrical with respect to the normal to the elytral surface. It thus appeared again that for both TE- and TM-polarized light, the peak wavelength shifted to shorter wavelengths (figure 7a–f). For TE-polarized light, the peak reflectance increased with an increasing angle of incidence, for both the green and purple areas (figure 7g,h), but for TM-polarized light, the peak reflectance decreased, becoming minimal at an angle of incidence of approximately 65–70°; at larger angles, the overall spectral reflectance increased again (figure 7c,d), but at the wavelengths where the TE-polarized light had a peak, the TM light then featured a trough (figure 7g,h).
The observed polarization-dependent phenomena are quite characteristic for a multilayer. To interpret the angle-dependent reflectance spectra quantitatively, the thicknesses of the layers and the values of the refractive indices have to be known. The multilayer thicknesses were obtained by TEM of pieces of cuticle from the green (figure 8a) and purple (figure 8b) areas. In both cases, an about 1.3 µm thick distal sheet, forming the epicuticle, features several layers with alternating high and low electron density, about 16 in the green area and about 12 in the purple area. The more proximal exocuticle is approximately uniformly stained. The electron density is presumably related to the refractive index of the material that creates the light-reflecting multilayer. The average density of the images calculated in 10 nm thick slabs parallel to the surface appeared to oscillate more or less sinusoidally as a function of depth, with oscillation periods about 160 and 205 nm for the green and purple areas, respectively (figure 8c).
The transmission electron micrographs are of course from a very local area and not necessarily representative for all areas of the elytra cuticle. To assess the variability of the cuticular properties, we did not perform extensive anatomy, but instead measured reflectance spectra of several single tiles of the green and purple areas wtih a microspectrometer. We thus found that the reflectance spectra are somewhat variable in both peak wavelength and amplitude. Figure 9 gives a few spectra, normalized for clarity's sake. The reflectance amplitudes of the green and purple areas were rather similar, but varied within a range of a factor 1.5. Presumably, therefore, the layering of the elytra will vary accordingly.
Usually, multilayers are treated as a stack of discrete layers that have an alternating low and high refractive index, nl and nh, with thicknesses dl and dh, respectively. In the case of a so-called ideal multilayer, the optical path length of the layers is constant, nl dl = nh dh, and for normal incident light, the peak reflectance then is at wavelength λmax = 4nl dl = 4nh dh [3,16]. Interestingly, although the layers in figure 8a,b are not discrete but graded, the density profiles have peaks that are sharper than the troughs (figure 8c), so roughly similar to an ideal multilayer where dh < dl. For the green area of figures 5–7, λmax ≈ 520 nm. Assuming heuristically that dl = 82 nm and dh = 78 nm (so that dl + dh = 160 nm), this would mean that nl = 1.59 and nh = 1.67. For the purple areas of figures 5–7, λmax ≈ 670 nm. Assuming heuristically that dl = 105 nm and dh = 100 nm (so that dl + dh = 205 nm), this would mean that nl = 1.60 and nh = 1.68. These refractive index values are similar to those estimated for the green and red areas of the elytra of C. raja where for normal light incidence the reflectance peak wavelengths are about 550 and 610 nm. The values nl = 1.55 and nh = 1.68 were obtained by modelling the multilayers as a stack of 16 discrete layers with varying thicknesses .
To improve our insight into the polarization- and angle-dependent reflectance spectra of a multilayer, we have calculated the spectra for an ideal multilayer consisting of 14 layers that maximally reflects normal incident light with wavelength 600 nm (figure 10). We first considered the case that the layers were non-absorbing and had alternating refractive indices nl = 1.60 and nh = 1.68. At the front side, the stack faced the air, with refractive index n0 = 1, and at the end, the refractive index was taken to be (nl + nh)/2. Figure 10a,c presents the reflectance spectra for TE- and TM-polarized light for angles of incidence, θ0, increasing in steps of 10°. The peak wavelength, λmax, of the TE spectra decreased with an increasing angle of incidence (blue symbols in figure 10e), as expected from the interference condition λmax = 2 (nldl cos θl + nhdh cos θh), where the angles θl and θh at the interfaces are determined by Snell's Law: nl sin θl = nh sin θh = n0 sin θ0 (λmax(θ0) is given in figure 10e by the green line). The peak wavelengths of the TM light were identical to those of the TE spectra for θ0 < θB = 69.3°, where θB is the generalized Brewster angle , but for θ0 > θB, the spectral shape of the TM spectra was inversed so that then the trough wavelength of TM spectra equalled the peak wavelength of the TE spectra (figure 10e). The amplitude of the TE spectra increased with θ0 (figure 10a,g), but the amplitude of the TM spectra decreased with θ0 for θ0 < θB, and for θ0 > θB the amplitude increased again (figure 10c,g).
In the second case considered, the high refractive index layers were absorbing, with imaginary component k = 0.1. For both TE- and TM-polarized light, the resulting reflectance spectra showed an enhanced reflectance at the long-wavelength side of the peak (figure 10b,d; see also [9,13]). The peak wavelength as a function of angle of incidence was accordingly slightly bathochromic shifted (figure 10e; red line symbols and line). The absorptance spectra associated with the constant k showed a trough where the reflectance spectra had a peak, and outside that wavelength range, the absorptance gradually decreased with increasing wavelength. This was to be expected, because the absorption coefficient, α(λ), is related to the imaginary component of the refractive index by α(λ) = 4πk/λ.
Transmission measurements of the elytra demonstrated that the absorption decreases much more strongly with wavelength than follows from a constant k. In our further calculations, we therefore have used a wavelength-dependent imaginary component of the refractive index derived from the transmission measurements (figure 11a). Furthermore, the graded density of the transmission electron micrographs strongly suggests that treating the beetle epicuticle as a stack of discrete layers with constant refractive indices is a very crude approximation (figure 8c). A better approximation presumably is that the refractive index is a function of the derived optical density. This was implemented in a model treating the multilayer as a large stack of thin (10 nm thick) layers with a refractive index, the real and imaginary components of which are linearly proportional to the determined average density. Figure 11b,c presents the depth profiles of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index for the green and purple areas that were used in the calculations of the polarization- and angle-dependent reflectance spectra (figure 12a,b). From these spectra, the angle dependence of the peak wavelength (figure 12e) and amplitude (figure 12f) were derived. The range of real and imaginary parts of the refractive index was chosen so that the calculated reflectance spectra resembled those for the green area of the experiment of figure 7. The absorptance spectra associated with the calculated reflectance spectra are presented in figure 12c,d.
Figure 13 presents the parallel results for the purple area, obtained with the refractive index values of figure 11c. Using similar refractive index values as those chosen for the green area produced reflectance spectra with a similar shape as those for the purple area of figure 7, but the peak wavelengths were bathochromic shifted. Given the local variability in spectral properties (figure 9), we conclude that the TEM section yielding the micrograph of figure 8b was from a more deep-red/purple area than that investigated in the reflectance spectra measurements of figure 7b,d.
(a) The refractive index of melanin in biological tissue
Reflecting multilayers in insect cuticle have been extensively studied in various beetle species [18–22]. In transmission electron micrographs, the multilayers are recognized as a stack of layers with alternating high and low electron density. The multilayers in the epicuticle of jewel beetles exhibit a strong polarized iridescence, a well-known property of optical multilayers, which has been amply applied in reflecting polarizers (e.g. ). The jewel beetle's multilayers are presumably homogeneous, causing only linear polarization, whereas circular polarization is a dominant feature in scarab beetles [18,20,23,24]. For scarab beetles, Caveney concluded that the reflective layers had a high concentration of uric acid, causing a high refractive index value of about 1.70. Durrer & Villiger noticed for the elytra of the buprestid E. gigantea that the distribution of the high refractive material was patchy, but without further evidence they stated that the material would be melanin, with a refractive index of 2.0. In their wake, Schultz & Rankin concluded that Cicindela tiger beetle cuticle contains melanoprotein producing a refractive index near 2.0. A refractive index value of 2.0 for beetle cuticle is most probably much too high [8,10,19], but we agree with Durrer & Villiger that the material of the cuticular multilayers, probably melanin, is not deposited in discrete layers, as is commonly assumed (e.g. [10,21,25]).
(b) Refractive index range
Taking into account that for multilayers the wave nature of light is of predominant importance, we concluded that the refractive index profile of a multilayer changes gradually instead of stepwise. The measured reflectance spectra were modelled with refractive index values that varied between 1.60 and 1.70 (figures 12 and 13), where the latter value is similar to the maximal refractive index values derived for scarab beetle cuticle by Caveney and for C. raja by Noyes et al. . The modelling showed that the peak wavelength and amplitude of the reflectance spectra are quite sensitive for the range of the refractive index. In the presence of absorption, the side bands start to vanish (figure 10a,b). Side bands were indeed not prominent in the reflectance spectra measured with the scatterometer and the two-fibre set-up (figures 6 and 7), but distinct side bands were found in the reflectance spectra measured microspectrophotometrically from individual elytral tiles (figure 9a). The spectra measured from neighbouring tiles appeared to vary in amplitude and peak position, and therefore the spectra from areas comprising several tiles would have lost fine structure. We therefore tentatively conclude that modelling of the spectra from the larger areas overestimates the imaginary component of the refractive index. In other words, the absorptance spectra calculated for the epicuticle (figures 12c,d and 13c,d) may be somewhat too large. Given the variability in the experimental spectra and the difficulty of connecting the local anatomy with the spectral properties of the elytra, a fully quantitative treatment is presently impossible. Nevertheless, we expect that the actual profiles of both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index will not strongly deviate from the present estimates.
(c) Biological implications
The range of the refractive index appears to be quite narrow, but with a large stack of 16 (green) or 12 (purple) layers, a bright reflection nevertheless results. In fact, the spectral reflectance values of the jewel beetles are not very different from those of green leaves, which however usually scatter rather diffusely. Female jewel beetles remain stationary, with closed elytra, on leaves or twigs of a host tree when searched by male jewel beetles . Males can detect a potential female mate from a distance of several metres, but the applied detection criteria have not yet been satisfactorily established. Studies with models constructed from male and female elytra showed that they were equally attractive, but models made from light-emitting diodes with emission spectra similar to those of the elytral reflection spectra were fully unattractive . Imaging scatterometry of the jewel beetle's elytra demonstrated that the light reflected at angles around 60° is highly (linearly) polarized. This will determine the appearance and thus the visibility of the beetles in nature. Polarized reflection patterns appear to be widespread among insects [26,27] and can serve for intraspecific signalling . Our present hypothesis, that the polarized iridescence exhibited by the reflecting elytra provides valuable clues for the presence of a sitting female, will be tested in the near future.
— Using a novel ISM, we visualized the polarization and angle dependence of the striking metallic reflection of the jewel beetle C. fulgidissima.
— Quantitative spectral measurements could be well modelled with the classical multilayer theory incorporating absorption by melanin.
— Green and purple stripes are created by a multilayer that has a surprisingly small gradient refractive index range of 1.6–1.7.
— We conclude that melanin-doped chitin layers have a refractive index of approximately 1.7, significantly lower than the previously assumed value of 2.0.
We thank S. Mouchet and M. F. Wehling for reading the manuscript. SEM and AFM were performed within the University of Groningen Materials Science department (Prof. J. Th. de Hosson, Dr G. Palasantzas, G. H. ten Brink). Financial support was given by AFOSR/EOARD grant no. FA8655-08-1-3012.
One contribution of 20 to a Theme Issue ‘New directions in biological research on polarized light’.
- This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society
Appendix A: Calculation of the reflectance and transmittance of a multilayer with the matrix formalism
The reflectance and transmittance of a multilayer can be effectively calculated with a matrix formalism describing the propagation of light from layer to layer. Yeh provides a most accessible treatise, which is summarized here and slightly expanded.
We consider a general multilayer consisting of N infinite wide layers of homogeneous dielectric media, separated by parallel surfaces, faced by media with real refractive indices n0 and nN+1 (figure 14). The layer thickness is dj and the (in general complex) refractive index is ñj = nj − ikj (j = 1, 2, … , N); the imaginary part of the refractive index, kj, is related to the absorption coefficient of the medium, αj, by kj = αjλ/4π, where λ is the light wavelength. The propagation of light through this multilayer is governed by Snell's Law: where the angle of incidence θj of the light ray at the interface of media j and j + 1 can be complex. The light propagation through the multilayer is described by the transfer matrix A 1where A 2and A 3with pj = 1 and qj = ñj cos θj for TE waves, pj = cos θj and qj = ñj for TM waves and sj = exp (iφj), with φj = 2/λ ñj dj cos θj. The reflectance of the multilayer then is A 4and the transmittance is A 5
The computational time needed to evaluate the matrix elements of equation (A 1) can be substantially reduced by realizing that in equation (A 1), A 6where aj = cos φj and bj = sin φj. Expressions similar to equation (A 6) are given by, for example, Born & Wolf , Macleod and Bass . | <urn:uuid:80182295-7b4a-440f-a209-8bb535ac0d9e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1565/709 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925363 | 7,809 | 3.390625 | 3 |
We’re showing screenshots from a very special Code Hero level today. Oct 11th is Ada Lovelace Day and we’re celebrating her birthday by celebrating a living code hero who has changed our world for the better and made Code Hero possible: David Helgason.
Oct 10th is the birthday of David Helgason the cofounding CEO of Unity. David cofounded Unity with Nicholas and Joachim in Copenhagen and the development took place in their rented flat and at the IT University of Copenhagen, a beautiful and modern building that has hosted many historic gaming events including the Nordic Game Jams.
You can read a detailed history of how the Unity team went a million Denmark dollars into debt and put years of hard work into a Mac only game engine using a Microsoft programming language that sounded like garlic for vampires until the advent of Unity 2’s Windows and Web support and their eventual triumph as the first iPhone game engine.
Here’s what the ITU looks like in real life:
Here it is from the opposite end of the lobby in the game in an alpha state:
Here’s David Helgason and Caitlyn Meeks the creator of the Asset Store supporting one of the earliest Gamebridge Unityversity game dev mentoring meetups at Noisebridge Hackerspace.
We’re very grateful for the existence of Unity and all the hard work David and Nicholas and Joachim and Caitlyn and all the hardworking devs at Unity have done to democratize game development. | <urn:uuid:40daaf3c-f146-497b-8886-96ed5acddfe7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://codeherogame.wordpress.com/2016/10/11/happy-birthday-david-helgason-ada-lovelace-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.940988 | 311 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Linking Raw Cookie Dough to an E. coli OutbreakPosted on by
Contaminated raw cookie dough wasn’t on anyone’s mind as my public health colleagues and I were searching for the cause of a multistate outbreak of E. coli infections.
I’m one of the Epidemic Intelligence Service officers in CDC’s Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, which monitors and investigates foodborne diseases together with CDC’s Enteric Disease Laboratory Branch and state health departments. On any given day we are working on several clusters and outbreaks of illness.
In mid-May, CDC’s PulseNet Team alerted us about a cluster of E. coli O157 infections. We began working with state and local health departments to investigate these infections. We originally suspected ground beef, which is one of the “usual suspects” for E. coli O157, along with leafy greens and sprouts. As the labs in states and at CDC found more and more people infected with the same strain, the demographics shifted; patients were generally young and female, which isn’t what is normally seen with ground beef-associated outbreaks.
We got copies of the interviews on standard questionnaires that state investigators did with ill people and looked through them for other suspicious food sources, but nothing was conclusive. None of the food items implicated in past E. coli O157 outbreaks appeared to be associated with this one. Therefore, we decided to conduct what we call “open-ended hypothesis-generating interviews,” in which we call the people affected and just talk about everything that they had eaten and done the week before they became ill, looking for things in common among them. Standard questionnaires are useful, but they are only asking for answers to a series of questions. Sometimes something with a broader scope, like this sort of wide-ranging interview, is needed to find things that are unusual and might not be asked on our questionnaires.
Washington State was kind enough to let CDC do the interviews on their five patients. Mark Sotir and I reached the mother of the first patient on a Saturday. She mentioned that her child had eaten raw prepackaged cookie dough during the days before he got sick. On Sunday, I reached a second patient, and she told me she had eaten at an ice cream shop and had ice cream with cookie dough and brownie mix-ins.
Cookie dough? When cases three, four, and five all confirmed that they ate raw cookie dough, it appeared we had a surprising new possible culprit in our outbreak. (It wasn’t until later that we learned that the second patient also had eaten raw cookie dough at home.)
During an outbreak investigation, we hold a series of multistate conference calls in which CDC and affected states share what we’re finding. Representatives from many of the affected states were on our June 16, 2009 conference call, and I mentioned my cookie dough hypothesis. On the face of it, cookie dough was the most unlikely culprit, but epidemiologists in several other states said, “Oh, yes, I had a case mention that, too”. It became a “Eureka” moment for the group.
At the end of the call we agreed that cookie dough, strawberries, fruit roll-ups, apples, and ground beef were all possible causes. Time to go back to the cases and ask more questions!
A lot of our work is like that. Our branch chief, Patricia Griffin, sometimes says there is a certain “head banging quality” to what we do. It can take many, many interviews and requires a wide-ranging curiosity to consider all the possibilities.
There are no short cuts. We talk to the patients, we look at the combined information, and we generate hypotheses about the cause. Then we can refine our questions and go back to the patients again to see which hypothesis holds true.
After the conference call we created a short-form questionnaire and states quickly interviewed their case-patients. Within a day we had enough confirmatory responses that a case-control study was conducted. The state investigators interviewed people who were of similar age and gender as the cases but who weren’t sick with E. coli during the same time frame about what they had eaten, and we compared them with the people who were sick. We call these people “matched controls”. With each step, the association between cookie dough and illness became stronger and stronger. By the end of the week, there was a recall on Nestle Toll House refrigerated cookie dough.
If you asked me how I arrived at cookie dough as a possible cause, it was because we were really looking for anything that could be the reason people were getting sick.
Talking with the patients, sifting through their answers, and being willing to consider any option, including those where the connection just seems almost impossible, and close collaboration with epidemiologists and laboratorians in the states, turned out to be the keys to finding the answer.
- Page last reviewed:November 16, 2010
- Page last updated:November 16, 2010
- Content source: | <urn:uuid:108bcc6f-9995-433b-bd51-8476f24be134> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2009/06/linking-raw-cookie-dough-to-an-e-coli-outbreak/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97898 | 1,058 | 2.421875 | 2 |
It is hot as hell in DC. It is even hotter under the collars of some African American women who are asking: Are we not civil rights leaders?
The women were set off by the news that President Obama was scheduled to meet with the leaders of two civil rights organizations – National Urban League President Marc Morial and NAACP President Benjamin Jealous. A readout of the meeting said "the President discussed the continued efforts his administration is making to spur job creation and economic growth."
The readout noted:
The President also reiterated that reducing unemployment, which disproportionately burdens the African-American community at 16.2%, remains a top priority for him and his Administration. The President also spoke with the two civil rights leaders about dramatic efforts his Administration has already made to address urban economic development through initiatives such as Strong Cities, Strong Communities, a program that acts to spur economic growth in urban centers while ensuring taxpayer dollars are used wisely and efficiently; the Treasury Department’s Community Development Financial Institutions fund; and the Minority Business Development Agency at the Department of Commerce.
This is the second time in two years that Obama has held a meeting with civil rights leaders and no black woman had a seat at the table.
In February 2010, the late Dr. Dorothy I. Height was the only black woman invited to the Urban Economy Summit. The then-97-year-old could not attend because of the extreme snow conditions.
There was extreme heat yesterday, but black women leaders felt a cold chill when they realized history was repeating itself. While they're not ready to go on the record, they told me they won't be silent much longer. They have earned a seat at the table. More important, they want to ensure issues of importance to black women and black families are addressed.
And lest the knee-jerk “hater” is bandied about, these are women who year-after-year -- election-after-election -- make things happen. All they're asking for is a little respect. | <urn:uuid:bf97e499-8dd2-4f5c-99f7-6f8d67b35b9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://andersonatlarge.typepad.com/andersonlarge/2011/07/power-of-the-sister-vote-president-obama-ben-jealous-marc-morial.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977838 | 409 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Elder abuse prevention
Did you know? There are simple yet effective ways to help prevent abuse. Learn how you or someone you know can protect their health and wellbeing, finances and future decisions and wishes.
Knowing Your Rights - A Guide to the Rights of Older South Australians (PDF 1MB) has been developed by Office for Ageing Well in partnership with Legal Services Commission to inform older people of their rights, the laws that safeguard and offer protection, and where to go for more information and support. This publication has useful information about critical life points, and where to go to for advice or support related to finances, health, accommodation and legal issues. Download the resource or contact Legal Services Commission for your free copy.
- lend your bank card or give your personal identification number (PIN) to anyone
- feel pressured or made to feel guilty into doing something you are not in agreement with
- sign any forms directly after significant changes in your health
- sign any forms you are not sure about or have not read
- lend money without a formal payback schedule…unless you are giving a gift
- leave your decisions about financial matters up to others
- leave valuables lying around
- inform others you keep money at home.
- keep regular contact with your bank, credit or financial institution, financial planner or accountant
- have bills automatically paid from your bank account such as your telephone or utilities bills
- seek information about legal and financial matters, especially about future options
- seek independent advice before signing any documents, co-signing loans, or signing over ownership of your home
- read all legal documents carefully, including the fine print – seek advice if you don’t understand something
- stop and wait if you are feeling pressured – get advice before you sign a document
- put in writing your expectations that your property/materials which are borrowed are to be returned…unless it is a gift
- keep your home secure; do not leave valuables lying around
- complete a Will; Enduring Power of Attorney and an Advance Care Directive
- update your documents yearly or as relationships or circumstances change
- keep copies of these important documents in a safe place, which you can find easily.
Health and wellbeing
Did you know? You can plan ahead and make your wishes known for your future accommodation, healthcare, end of life and personal decisions.
- plan for your future while you are independent and have decision-making capacity
- make a list of things important to you for others to consider and respect
- seek advice before changing your living situation
- think carefully before moving in with family or friends or before someone moves into your home
- keep socially active - volunteer, go on outings with friends and visit neighbours
- get support to continue attending activities for as long as possible
- stay in touch with relatives, family, friends and support networks
- maintain contact with businesses where you shop, your bank, service providers, and your general practitioner (GP)
- ask for help when you need it - seek assistance if you cannot rely on family members
- become aware of services for seniors and seniors’ information including the South Australian Government’s sa.gov.au webpages, attend seniors forums, ask questions, collect brochures
- take control of your own decisions and health care; know your rights
- become aware of the signs of elder abuse and how to prevent it
- get in writing verbal agreements you or someone makes with you – for example if someone agrees to take care of you in exchange for accommodation
- have your own phone and open your own mail
- talk to someone about concerns of abuse early
- seek mediation services to help resolve family disputes
- if you are not satisfied with care services you receive in your home or care facility (improper treatment/yelling), tell someone in charge or make a complaint to the Aged Care Complaints Commissioner
- complete an Advance Care Directive for your future health care, living arrangements and personal matters and ensure the person you appoint/ you trust can make these decisions on your behalf if you are unable to make decisions yourself.
If you are a carer
If you’re caring for someone at home, many services are available to help and support you in your caring role. There are things that you can do to make your home safer and more comfortable for you and the person you care for.
Carer Gateway is a national telephone and online service that provides practical information and resources to support carers. The interactive service finder helps carers connect to local support services.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the demands of caring for an older person, the following tips can help:
- request help, from friends, relatives, neighbours
- seek support, counselling and advice from community services
- find assistance from services which understand and support carers
- learn about ways to reduce and manage stress
- find a support group
- take regular breaks, if only for a couple of hours
- call the South Australian Elder Abuse Prevention Phone line on 1800 372 310 for information and support
- visit Carer Gateway or call 1800 422 737 for further information about respite and day programs
- call the Carers SA - Carer Advisory and Counselling Service (free call) 1800 052 222, or visit the Carers SA website.
- stay healthy and get medical care for yourself when you need it
- seek mediation services to help resolve family disputes
- if you’re having problems with drug or alcohol abuse, get help.
More information for carers:
- Safeguards for carers at risk (Carers SA) (PDF 2MB)
- Safeguards against financial abuse (Carers SA) (PDF 568KB)
What you can do as a concerned friend or family member
- watch for signs and behaviours that might indicate elder abuse
- watch for signs that medication is being used inappropriately, withheld, or taken away
- watch for possible signs of financial abuse - ask the older person if you have their permission to have a look over their bank accounts and credit card statements for unusual bank transactions
- make yourself available - social contact with others helps an older person feel confident to talk to someone if issues arise
- offer to stay with the older person so the caregiver can have a break - on a regular basis, if possible
- seek information from services that can help an older person make informed decisions and empower them to maintain their independence
Please take our short survey about the Stop Elder Abuse web pages. | <urn:uuid:89693e7e-04fb-4ec6-a7ee-e2278e3d84c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www2.sahealth.ha.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/Public+Content/SA+Health+Internet/Conditions/Stop+Elder+Abuse/Elder+abuse+prevention | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.938002 | 1,356 | 2.21875 | 2 |
- Synthetic resin binders for cold setting processes (Kunstharzbinder für kalthärtende Verfahren)
- Synthetic resin binders for gassing processes (Kunstharzbinder für Begasungsverfahren)
- Synthetic resin binders for thermosetting processes (Kunstharzbinder für heiß- und warmhärtende Verfahren)
- Sodium silicate binders (Wasserglasbinder)
- Mould and core coatings (Form- und Kernüberzugstoffe, Schlichten)
- Moulding sands ready-to-use (Fertigsande)
- Precoated sands for shell moulding (Fertigsande für das Maskenformverfahren)
- Moulding sands ready-to-use, others (Fertigsande, sonstige)
- Mould and core adhesives (Form- und Kernkleber)
- Die spraying units (Trennstoffsprühanlagen für Druckgießformen)
- Release agents for die-casting (Druckgießtrennstoffe)
- Simulation of casting processes (Simulation gießtechnischer Prozesse)
Hüttenes-Albertus – Specialized in chemical products for the foundry industry
We supply our customers with modern foundry chemical products for use in all familiar coremaking and mould fabrication processes. In close teamwork with foundries, we systematically design our products with a view to their suitability for the application and their capabilities in practical use. This not only involves further development of established products, but also takes us in completely new directions.
Systematic research and development
Our product development chemists pursue basic research and systematic further development in our modern laboratories, as well as in close teamwork with universities and technical institutes of learning. Together with various partners in the foundry industry, we study future-oriented technologies in the scope of several BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) projects, particularly concentrating on the continuously rising demands on environmentally compatible, sustainable systems.
Integrated quality and environmental management system
As early as the 1990s, we confirmed our will to assume quality leadership and our unmistakable commitment to environmentally benign products by certification in compliance with the DIN EN ISO 9001 and 14001 legal standards.
Present throughout the globe
Close to our customers: The Hüttenes-Albertus Group is represented in more than 30 countries on all continents. | <urn:uuid:ebf2a471-7d01-4c30-bbb8-0b246abb3abc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foundry-planet.com/profiles/suppliers/show/huettenes-albertus-chemische-werke-gmbh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.761167 | 561 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Kurtz: Iowa Traffic Fatalities Up 24% From The Same Period Last Year
Date posted - June 9, 2016
Iowa State Patrol Trooper Vince Kurtz appeared on the KIWA Morning Show earlier this week, and talked about the increase in fatalities over last year.
Kurtz says there are two main causes for the spike in the number of traffic deaths.
He says that wearing your seatbelt can help save your life in a crash, but there is another factor accounting for a large part of this year’s rash of fatal crashes.
Trooper Kurtz says that we need to remember that each and every one of those statistic numbers represents a real person who is no longer there with their family.
He reminds motorists to buckle up every time they get in the car, and if you plan to drink, please use a Designated Driver. | <urn:uuid:455f8f10-25c5-4597-8a3b-96032f866795> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kiwaradio.com/local-news/kurtz-iowa-traffic-fatalities-up-24-from-the-same-period-last-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955956 | 176 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Purple Brocade Bugleweed
Ajuga reptans 'Purple Brocade'
Ajuga reptans 'Purple Brocade' flowers
(Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder)
Plant Height: 6 inches
Flower Height: 8 inches
Spread: 24 inches
Hardiness Zone: 3b
Other Names: Carpet Bugle
Attractive, glossy foliaged groundcover, will withstand some light foot traffic; great under shrubs, trees, benches; evergreen foliage provides fall and winter interest, can mow down in fall or spring if desired
Purple Brocade Bugleweed's attractive glossy round leaves remain forest green in color with distinctive burgundy edges throughout the year. It features dainty spikes of indigo flowers rising above the foliage from mid to late spring. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.
Purple Brocade Bugleweed is a dense herbaceous evergreen perennial with a ground-hugging habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition.
This perennial will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and should not require much pruning, except when necessary, such as to remove dieback. It is a good choice for attracting butterflies to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. Gardeners should be aware of the following characteristic(s) that may warrant special consideration;
Purple Brocade Bugleweed is recommended for the following landscape applications;
- General Garden Use
- Naturalizing And Woodland Gardens
- Border Edging
- Rock/Alpine Gardens
Purple Brocade Bugleweed will grow to be only 6 inches tall at maturity extending to 8 inches tall with the flowers, with a spread of 24 inches. Its foliage tends to remain low and dense right to the ground. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 10 years.
This perennial does best in partial shade to shade. It does best in average to evenly moist conditions, but will not tolerate standing water. It is not particular as to soil type or pH. It is somewhat tolerant of urban pollution. Consider covering it with a thick layer of mulch in winter to protect it in exposed locations or colder zones. This plant can be propagated by division.
This is a selected variety of a species not originally from North America. | <urn:uuid:ca6c5458-0d19-445c-81f4-ac86b0f0420d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://plants.oaklandnursery.com/12130001/Plant/4282/Purple_Brocade_Bugleweed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889079 | 512 | 1.765625 | 2 |
In Japan, crane is a mystical creature and is believed to have lived for a thousand years. As a result, in the Japanese, Chinese and Korean culture, the crane represents good fortune and longevity. The Japanese refer to the crane as the “Bird of happiness”. In Japan, the crane or tsuru, is a national treasure. It is the symbol of longevity and good luck because it was thought to have a life span of a thousand years. Tsuru are also monogamous, therefore, often used for wedding decor. Similarly in China, the crane is the most popular bird symbolizing longevity and auspiciousness. The Chinese also embroidered cranes on their clothing and their images are seen in many ancient paintings as they also represent happiness and a soaring spirit, capturing the beautiful way it soars through the skies. Longevity, a long life, is the main traditional Chinese meaning for the Crane. Wisdom that comes with age, is an often associated meaning and in Feng Shui the influence of a Chinese Crane painting is for a long life that increases in wisdom. The Crane has long been an auspicious symbol and next to the Phoenix is the most important bird in Chinese legends and Chinese art. The Crane is believed to be immortal and is the commonest of the many symbols meaning longevity. It is a very common symbol and is depicted frequently on Chinese paintings within China. It is also a Chinese symbol for wisdom and is sometimes called the "heavenly" or "blessed" Crane. The death of a Taoist priest is said to be them "turning into a feathered Crane." The Chinese Crane is said to manifest a peculiar interest in human affairs and it is often associated with old age and also with good luck. Size can vary based on customers’ needs: 40cm x 60cm = 1500USD 30cm x 40cm = 2000USD 126cm x 288cm =3000USD Ingredients: Ruby, Sapphire, Opal, Peridot, Flourite.
Hello! My name is Jung and I'm an experienced gemstone painter based out of Hanoi, Vietnam. An interesting art form of Vietnam and other countries in the region is gemstone painting, whereby powdered or very small gemstones are used to create beautiful and colorful pictures. The art form is said to have originated in Rajasthan, India, but spread throughout Asia. Gemstone art is colorful, durable and uses crushed gemstone fragments that would otherwise be disregarded or deemed only suitable for industrial use because they are too small for use in jewelry. To make these paintings, the stones are sorted by color, washed, dried, crushed and then cleaned before being sprinkled over a clear glass or mica sheet and affixed with glue. The beauty of such pictures is that they sparkle with color that does not fade or deteriorate, and the artwork helps to support local miners, who would otherwise have to sell tiny or low-quality stones at very low prices. Synthetic colors often do not come close to the colors of nature, so these gemstone paintings are a sight to behold. These paintings can be bought at the Yen The morning gemstone market as well as other places nearby, and now from me through Verlocal!
If you have any question on this experience, please contact [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:0bb5433b-687b-4f8d-8d67-2a74e235950a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.verlocal.com/product/gemstone-painting-asian-crane | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96623 | 673 | 2.75 | 3 |
Phosgene (carbonyl chloride, CAS 75–44–5) is a highly reactive gas of historical interest and current industrial importance. Phosgene has also proved to be a useful model for the study of those biochemical mechanisms that lead to permeability-type pulmonary edema (adult respiratory distress syndrome). In turn, the study of phosgene-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome has provided insights leading to revised treatment strategies for exposure victims. We summarized recent findings on the mechanisms of phosgene-induced pulmonary edema and their implications for victim management. In light of that research, we also provide a comprehensive approach to the management and treatment of phosgene exposure victims. | <urn:uuid:8be129eb-f48c-45ec-bcaa-ca87b1d068af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journals.lww.com/joem/Abstract/2001/02000/Phosgene_Exposure__Mechanisms_of_Injury_and.8.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00076-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929654 | 142 | 1.8125 | 2 |
❤️Capturing Kids Hearts
What is Capturing Kids' Hearts (CKH)?
CKH is a relationship-building approach to discipline that creates self-managing groups.
How does it work?
Teachers use the EXCEL model to communicate with students.
Students work collaboratively to create their own rules via a social contract.
Students hold each other accountable using "checks" and "fouls."
An environment is created that emphasizes positivity through "good things" and "affirmations."
The EXCEL model:
Engage: Students are greeted at the door with a handshake, hug, or high-five with eye contact and a sincere welcome.
X-plore: Teachers listen and attend to the personal, emotional and academic needs of our students.
Communicate: Teachers communicate care as well as content.
Empower: Teachers empower students to gain the ability to "use and do" the things they have been taught.
Launch: Deals with how we "end and send" our students into the world. The purpose is to start our students on a course of action by ending our classes on a powerful note
The Social Contract:
The Social Contract is created by the students, assisted by the teacher, in an effort to answer four questions regarding the environment of the classroom.
The four questions include:
● How do you want to be treated by the teacher?
● How do you want to be treated by each other?
● How do you think the teacher wants to be treated by you?
● How do we want to treat each other when there is conflict?
The resulting answers make up a list of adjectives which serve as the basis for student expectations of behavior in the classroom.
The Social Contract is signed by all classroom members including the teacher.
The document is also shown to classroom visitors and they are encouraged to sign the contract as well.
The document is referred to on a regular basis to highlight success and serves as a guide for when problems arise.
The Four Behavior Questions:
These are questions that we ask to help stay true to the social contract:
1. What are you doing?
2. What are you suppose to be doing?
3. Are you doing that?
4. What are you going to do about that?
Checks and Fouls:
When a student is not following the social contract, other students will "check" that student.
This is a silent reminder of a thumbs up to remind the student that they need to change their behavior.
When a student is being unkind, other students will "foul" that student.
The student is then asked to give two "put ups" for the "put down" they gave.
At the beginning of classes teachers will start with "good things," in which students share something good that is going on with them. This creates an environment of positivity and helps build relationships | <urn:uuid:64e2c074-25ef-43a3-8738-5d59b725b5ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.d11.org/domain/6823 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.965092 | 615 | 4.03125 | 4 |
BAGRAM, Afghanistan The U.S. military gave control of its last detention facility in Afghanistan to Kabul on Monday, a year after the two sides initially agreed on the transfer.
The handover of Parwan Detention Facility ends a bitter chapter in American relations with Afghanistan's mercurial president, Hamid Karzai, who demanded control of the prison as a matter of national sovereignty.
It took place just a few hours before U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry flew into Afghanistan on an unannounced visit to see Karzai amid concerns the Afghan president may be jeopardizing progress in the war against extremism with anti-American rhetoric.
The dispute over the detention facility fueled acrimony between the two countries in recent months and also threw a pall over the ongoing negotiations for a bilateral security agreement that would govern the presence of U.S. forces in Afghanistan after 2014.
Top U.S. commander in Afghanistan Gen. Joseph Dunford handed over Parwan, located near the U.S.-run Bagram military base north of Kabul, at a ceremony there after signing an agreement with Afghan Defense Minister Bismullah Khan Mohammadi.
“The transfer of the detention facility is an important part of the overall transition of security lead to Afghan National Security Forces. This ceremony highlights an increasingly confident, capable and sovereign Afghanistan,” Dunford said.
An initial agreement to hand over Parwan was signed a year ago, but efforts to follow through on it constantly stumbled over American concerns that the Afghan government would release prisoners that it considered dangerous.
A key hurdle was a ruling by an Afghan judicial panel holding that administrative detention, the practice of holding someone without formal charges, violated the country's laws. The U.S. argued that international law allowed administrative detentions and also argued that it could not risk turning over some high-value detainees to the notoriously corrupt Afghan court system.
An initial deadline for the full hand-over passed in September and another earlier this month.
The formula for how the two sides resolved the disagreement has not been made public. Officials say the Afghan government will be able to invoke a procedure that ensures prisoners considered dangerous will not be released from the detention center. According to a senior U.S. official in Washington, the agreement also includes a provision that allows the U.S. and Kabul to work together to resolve any differences. The official lacked authorization to discuss the details of the agreement publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, who heads the Afghan transition commission and helped broker the deal, said the “transfer is an outcome of a long and sustained dialogue between the government of Afghanistan and the international community. A year ago we reached agreement in principle on the transfer but intense discussion in the last month is culminated in a principled agreement.”
He said Karzai had labeled “transferring authority from international forces to our national forces as a key marker” of his administration.
The detention center houses about 3,000 prisoners; the majority are already under Afghan control. The United States had not handed over about 100, and some of those under American authority do not have the right to a trial because the U.S. considers them part of an ongoing conflict.
There are also about three dozen non-Afghan detainees, including Pakistanis and other nationals who will remain in American hands. The exact number and nationality of those detainees has never been made public.
“They are not the priority of the Afghan government, so the Americans can keep them for the time being. Our priority are the Afghan detainees,” Afghan Defense Ministry spokesman Gen. Zahir Azimi said.
- 6 'hidden gems' in Orange County on Yelp's Top 100 Places to Eat for 2017
- How a violent month in Santa Ana set the stage for Council infighting, election angst and
- Number of dead puppies in Irvine case increases to 12
- Zion Market opens new-concept Asian grocery store in Irvine
- Police investigating man found dead in Anaheim industrial park | <urn:uuid:1a9f90ae-9e6f-47c2-8aba-da03b6264ee9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ocregister.com/articles/afghan-216490-ocprint-afghanistan-agreement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00120-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94767 | 820 | 1.757813 | 2 |
After two years of legal wrangling, civil rights case Lynch v. Alabama is headed to trial in federal court in Huntsville. The suit argues that Alabama's method of funding schools purposefully disenfranchises poor counties, which harms a disproportionate number of black students.
At risk are the state's already low property taxes, which James Blacksher of Birmingham argues are in violation the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment due to their structuring.
If the trial is in favor of Blacksher's argument, property tax rates would raise in the state.
The case goes to trial today. Here's what you had to say:
- "If you live in a poor county and you don't believe that the school in your area is up to standards, the simple and obvious solution is that you move. I would not let my children attend a school that I believed did not prepare them for the future. The problem is you could throw billions at the schools in these black belt areas and you would still end up with the same low level performance that they have now. The reason is that education begins at home with a caring father and a mother with values and a work ethic who push their kids to do well. And that is something the vast majority of these kids don't have and will never have no matter how much you spend."- aubiekong
- "Alabama is now spending $10,000 per student annually. The majority of the money goes to salaries and benefits. Before you raise taxes, the employees should be contributing more toward their benefits. This is nothing more than an attempt to stick it to someone to give more entitlements. The use of 'racists' is the easy way today to intimidate everyone."- donalddunlap
- "It is about the will to learn. Money does not create a will to learn. Look at the dropout rate in HS of black males. Money is not going to make them go to school. The black community should work together to solve this horrible problem. Many blacks are living the American dream. They are educated, hard working, and have taken advantage of opportunities available. It can be done because it is being done....out of poor communities. Instead of being proud of the success and trying to promote it, black leaders just want to whine about those that refuse to take advantage of opportunities."-bpin
- "Sounds like cutting off your nose to spite your face. It just guarantees another generation of poorly educated Alabamans (both white and black) who won't be able to compete in the marketplace. Time to ditch feudalism, folks."- ubiq10 | <urn:uuid:df222b01-3a59-4b4f-aec7-e8119a901d2a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.al.com/montgomery/2011/01/education_comments_post.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971248 | 542 | 2.34375 | 2 |
At about the time when U Po Kyin began his morning's business, 'Mr
< BackForward >
Porley' the timber merchant and friend of Dr Veraswami, was leaving
his house for the Club.
Flory was a man of about thirty-five, of middle height, not ill
made. He had very black, stiff hair growing low on his head, and
a cropped black moustache, and his skin, naturally sallow, was
discoloured by the sun. Not having grown fat or bald he did not
look older than his age, but his face was very haggard in spite of
the sunburn, with lank cheeks and a sunken, withered look round the
eyes. He had obviously not shaved this morning. He was dressed in
the usual white shirt, khaki drill shorts and stockings, but
instead of a topi he wore a battered Terai hat, cocked over one
eye. He carried a bamboo stick with a wrist-thong, and a black
cocker spaniel named Flo was ambling after him.
All these were secondary expressions, however. The first thing
that one noticed in Flory was a hideous birthmark stretching in a
ragged crescent down his left cheek, from the eye to the corner
of the mouth. Seen from the left side his face had a battered,
woebegone look, as though the birthmark had been a bruise--for it
was a dark blue in colour. He was quite aware of its hideousness.
And at all times, when he was not alone, there was a sidelongness
about his movements, as he manoeuvred constantly to keep the
birthmark out of sight.
Flory's house was at the top of the maidan, close to the edge of
the jungle. From the gate the maidan sloped sharply down, scorched
and khaki-coloured, with half a dozen dazzling white bungalows
scattered round it. All quaked, shivered in the hot air. There
was an English cemetery within a white wall half-way down the hill,
and near by a tiny tin-roofed church. Beyond that was the European
Club, and when one looked at the Club--a dumpy one-storey wooden
building--one looked at the real centre of the town. In any town
in India the European Club is the spiritual citadel, the real seat
of the British power, the Nirvana for which native officials and
millionaires pine in vain. It was doubly so in this case, for it
was the proud boast of Kyauktada Club that, almost alone of Clubs
in Burma, it had never admitted an Oriental to membership. Beyond
the Club, the Irrawaddy flowed huge and ochreous glittering like
diamonds in the patches that caught the sun; and beyond the river
stretched great wastes of paddy fields, ending at the horizon in a
range of blackish hills.
The native town, and the courts and the jail, were over to the
right, mostly hidden in green groves of peepul trees. The spire of
the pagoda rose from the trees like a slender spear tipped with
gold. Kyauktada was a fairly typical Upper Burma town, that had
not changed greatly between the days of Marco Polo and 1910, and
might have slept in the Middle Ages for a century more if it had
not proved a convenient spot for a railway terminus. In 1910 the
Government made it the headquarters of a district and a seat of
Progress--interpretable as a block of law courts, with their army
of fat but ravenous pleaders, a hospital, a school and one of those
huge, durable jails which the English have built everywhere between
Gibraltar and Hong Kong. The population was about four thousand,
including a couple of hundred Indians, a few score Chinese and
seven Europeans. There were also two Eurasians named Mr Francis
and Mr Samuel, the sons of an American Baptist missionary and a
Roman Catholic missionary respectively. The town contained no
curiosities of any kind, except an Indian fakir who had lived for
twenty years in a tree near the bazaar, drawing his food up in a
basket every morning.
Flory yawned as he came out of the gate. He had been half drunk
the night before, and the glare made him feel liverish. 'Bloody,
bloody hole!' he thought, looking down the hill. And, no one
except the dog being near, he began to sing aloud, 'Bloody, bloody,
bloody, oh, how thou art bloody' to the tune of 'Holy, holy, holy,
oh how Thou art holy ' as he walked down the hot red road, swishing
at the dried-up grasses with his stick. It was nearly nine o'clock
and the sun was fiercer every minute. The heat throbbed down on
one's head with a steady, rhythmic thumping, like blows from an
enormous bolster. Flory stopped at the Club gate, wondering
whether to go in or to go farther down the road and see Dr
Veraswami. Then he remembered that it was 'English mail day' and
the newspapers would have arrived. He went in, past the big tennis
screen, which was overgrown by a creeper with starlike mauve
In the borders beside the path swaths of English flowers--phlox and
larkspur, hollyhock and petunia--not yet slain by the sun, rioted
in vast size and richness. The petunias were huge, like trees
almost. There was no lawn, but instead a shrubbery of native trees
and bushes--gold mohur trees like vast umbrellas of blood-red
bloom, frangipanis with creamy, stalkless flowers, purple
bougainvillea, scarlet hibiscus and the pink Chinese rose, bilious-
green crotons, feathery fronds of tamarind. The clash of colours
hurt one's eyes in the glare. A nearly naked mali, watering-can in
hand, was moving in the jungle of flowers like some large nectar-
On the Club steps a sandy-haired Englishman, with a prickly
moustache, pale grey eyes too far apart, and abnormally thin calves
to his legs, was standing with his hands in the pockets of his
shorts. This was Mr Westfield, the District Superintendent of
Police. With a very bored air he was rocking himself backwards and
forwards on his heels and pouting his upper lip so that his
moustache tickled his nose. He greeted Flory with a slight
sideways movement of his head. His way of speaking was clipped and
soldierly, missing out every word that well could be missed out.
Nearly everything he said was intended for a joke, but the tone of
his voice was hollow and melancholy.
'Hullo, Flory me lad. Bloody awful morning, what?'
'We must expect it at this time of year, I suppose,' Flory said.
He had turned himself a little sideways, so that his birthmarked
cheek was away from Westfield.
'Yes, dammit. Couple of months of this coming. Last year we
didn't have a spot of rain till June. Look at that bloody sky,
not a cloud in it. Like one of those damned great blue enamel
saucepans. God! What'd you give to be in Piccadilly now, eh?'
'Have the English papers come?'
'Yes. Dear old Punch, Pink'un and Vie Parisienne. Makes you
homesick to read 'em, what? Let's come in and have a drink before
the ice all goes. Old Lackersteen's been fairly bathing in it.
Half pickled already.'
They went in, Westfield remarking in his gloomy voice, 'Lead on,
Macduff.' Inside, the Club was a teak-walled place smelling of
earth-oil, and consisting of only four rooms, one of which
contained a forlorn 'library' of five hundred mildewed novels, and
another an old and mangy billiard-table--this, however, seldom
used, for during most of the year hordes of flying beetles came
buzzing round the lamps and littered themselves over the cloth.
There were also a card-room and a 'lounge' which looked towards the
river, over a wide veranda; but at this time of day all the
verandas were curtained with green bamboo chicks. The lounge was
an unhomelike room, with coco-nut matting on the floor, and wicker
chairs and tables which were littered with shiny illustrated
papers. For ornament there were a number of 'Bonzo' pictures, and
the dusty skulls of sambhur. A punkah, lazily flapping, shook dust
into the tepid air.
There were three men in the room. Under the punkah a florid, fine-
looking, slightly bloated man of forty was sprawling across the
table with his head in his hands, groaning in pain. This was Mr
Lackersteen, the local manager of a timber firm. He had been badly
drunk the night before, and he was suffering for it. Ellis, local
manager of yet another company, was standing before the notice-
board studying some notice with a look of bitter concentration. He
was a tiny wiry-haired fellow with a pale, sharp-featured face and
restless movements. Maxwell, the acting Divisional Forest Officer,
was lying in one of the long chairs reading the Field, and
invisible except for two large-boned legs and thick downy forearms.
'Look at this naughty old man,' said Westfield, taking Mr
Lackersteen half affectionately by the shoulders and shaking him.
'Example to the young, what? There but for the grace of God and
all that. Gives you an idea what you'll be like at forty.'
Mr Lackersteen gave a groan which sounded like 'brandy'.
'Poor old chap,' said Westfield, 'regular martyr to booze, eh?
Look at it oozing out of his pores. Reminds me of the old colonel
who used to sleep without a mosquito net. They asked his servant
why and the servant said: "At night, master too drunk to notice
mosquitoes; in the morning, mosquitoes too drunk to notice master."
Look at him--boozed last night and then asking for more. Got a
little niece coming to stay with him, too. Due tonight, isn't she,
'Oh, leave that drunken sot alone,' said Ellis without turning
round. He had a spiteful Cockney voice. Mr Lackersteen groaned
again, '---- the niece! Get me some brandy, for Christ's sake.'
'Good education for the niece, eh? Seeing uncle under the table
seven times a week. Hey, butler! Bringing brandy for Lackersteen
The butler, a dark, stout Dravidian with liquid, yellow-irised eyes
like those of a dog, brought the brandy on a brass tray. Flory and
Westfield ordered gin. Mr Lackersteen swallowed a few spoonfuls of
brandy and sat back in his chair, groaning in a more resigned way.
He had a beefy, ingenuous face, with a toothbrush moustache. He
was really a very simple-minded man, with no ambitions beyond
having what he called 'a good time'. His wife governed him by the
only possible method, namely, by never letting him out of her sight
for more than an hour or two. Only once, a year after they were
married, she had left him for a fortnight, and had returned
unexpectedly a day before her time, to find Mr Lackersteen, drunk,
supported on either side by a naked Burmese girl, while a third up-
ended a whisky bottle into his mouth. Since then she had watched
him, as he used to complain, 'like a cat over a bloody mousehole'.
However, he managed to enjoy quite a number of 'good times', though
they were usually rather hurried ones.
'My Christ, what a head I've got on me this morning,' he said.
'Call that butler again, Westfield. I've got to have another
brandy before my missus gets here. She says she's going to cut my
booze down to four pegs a day when our niece gets here. God rot
them both!' he added gloomily.
'Stop playing the fool, all of you, and listen to this,' said Ellis
sourly. He had a queer wounding way of speaking, hardly ever
opening his mouth without insulting somebody. He deliberately
exaggerated his Cockney accent, because of the sardonic tone it
gave to his words. 'Have you seen this notice of old Macgregor's?
A little nosegay for everyone. Maxwell, wake up and listen!'
Maxwell lowered the Field. He was a fresh-coloured blond youth of
not more than twenty-five or six--very young for the post he held.
With his heavy limbs and thick white eyelashes he reminded one of a
cart-horse colt. Ellis nipped the notice from the board with a
neat, spiteful little movement and began reading it aloud. It had
been posted by Mr Macgregor, who, besides being Deputy Commissioner,
was secretary of the Club.
'Just listen to this. "It has been suggested that as there are as
yet no Oriental members of this club, and as it is now usual to
admit officials of gazetted rank, whether native or European, to
membership of most European Clubs, we should consider the question
of following this practice in Kyauktada. The matter will be open
for discussion at the next general meeting. On the one hand it may
be pointed out"--oh, well, no need to wade through the rest of it.
He can't even write a notice without an attack of literary
diarrhoea. Anyway, the point's this. He's asking us to break all
our rules and take a dear little nigger-boy into this Club. DEAR Dr
Veraswami, for instance. Dr Very-slimy, I call him. That WOULD be
a treat, wouldn't it? Little pot-bellied niggers breathing garlic
in your face over the bridge-table. Christ, to think of it! We've
got to hang together and put our foot down on this at once. What
do you say, Westfield? Flory?'
Westfield shrugged his thin shoulders philosophically. He had sat
down at the table and lighted a black, stinking Burma cheroot.
'Got to put up with it, I suppose,' he said. 'B--s of natives are
getting into all the Clubs nowadays. Even the Pegu Club, I'm told.
Way this country's going, you know. We're about the last Club in
Burma to hold out against 'em.'
'We are; and what's more, we're damn well going to go on holding
out. I'll die in the ditch before I'll see a nigger in here.'
Ellis had produced a stump of pencil. With the curious air of
spite that some men can put into their tiniest action, he re-pinned
the notice on the board and pencilled a tiny, neat 'B. F.' against
Mr Macgregor's signature--'There, that's what I think of his idea.
I'll tell him so when he comes down. What do YOU say, Flory?'
Flory had not spoken all this time. Though by nature anything but
a silent man, he seldom found much to say in Club conversations.
He had sat down at the table and was reading G. K. Chesterton's
article in the London News, at the same time caressing Flo's head
with his left hand. Ellis, however, was one of those people who
constantly nag others to echo their own opinions. He repeated his
question, and Flory looked up, and their eyes met. The skin round
Ellis's nose suddenly turned so pale that it was almost grey. In
him it was a sign of anger. Without any prelude he burst into a
stream of abuse that would have been startling, if the others had
not been used to hearing something like it every morning.
'My God, I should have thought in a case like this, when it's a
question of keeping those black, stinking swine out of the only
place where we can enjoy ourselves, you'd have the decency to back
me up. Even if that pot-bellied greasy little sod of a nigger
doctor IS your best pal. _I_ don't care if you choose to pal up
with the scum of the bazaar. If it pleases you to go to
Veraswami's house and drink whisky with all his nigger pals, that's
your look-out. Do what you like outside the Club. But, by God,
it's a different matter when you talk of bringing niggers in here.
I suppose you'd like little Veraswami for a Club member, eh?
Chipping into our conversation and pawing everyone with his sweaty
hands and breathing his filthy garlic breath in our faces. By god,
he'd go out with my boot behind him if ever I saw his black snout
inside that door. Greasy, pot-bellied little--!' etc.
This went on for several minutes. It was curiously impressive,
because it was so completely sincere. Ellis really did hate
Orientals--hated them with a bitter, restless loathing as of
something evil or unclean. Living and working, as the assistant of
a timber firm must, in perpetual contact with the Burmese, he had
never grown used to the sight of a black face. Any hint of
friendly feeling towards an Oriental seemed to him a horrible
perversity. He was an intelligent man and an able servant of his
firm, but he was one of those Englishmen--common, unfortunately--
who should never be allowed to set foot in the East.
Flory sat nursing Flo's head in his lap, unable to meet Ellis's
eyes. At the best of times his birthmark made it difficult for him
to look people straight in the face. And when he made ready to
speak, he could feel his voice trembling--for it had a way of
trembling when it should have been firm; his features, too,
sometimes twitched uncontrollably.
'Steady on,' he said at last, sullenly and rather feebly. 'Steady
on. There's no need to get so excited. _I_ never suggested having
any native members in here.'
'Oh, didn't you? We all know bloody well you'd like to, though.
Why else do you go to that oily little babu's house every morning,
then? Sitting down at table with him as though he was a white man,
and drinking out of glasses his filthy black lips have slobbered
over--it makes me spew to think of it.'
'Sit down, old chap, sit down,' Westfield said. 'Forget it. Have
a drink on it. Not worth while quarrelling. Too hot.'
'My God,' said Ellis a little more calmly, taking a pace or two up
and down, 'my God, I don't understand you chaps. I simply don't.
Here's that old fool Macgregor wanting to bring a nigger into this
Club for no reason whatever, and you all sit down under it without
a word. Good God, what are we supposed to be doing in this
country? If we aren't going to rule, why the devil don't we clear
out? Here we are, supposed to be governing a set of damn black
swine who've been slaves since the beginning of history, and
instead of ruling them in the only way they understand, we go and
treat them as equals. And you silly b--s take it for granted.
There's Flory, makes his best pal a black babu who calls himself
a doctor because he's done two years at an Indian so-called
university. And you, Westfield, proud as Punch of your knock-
kneed, bribe-taking cowards of policemen. And there's Maxwell,
spends his time running after Eurasian tarts. Yes, you do,
Maxwell; I heard about your goings-on in Mandalay with some smelly
little bitch called Molly Pereira. I suppose you'd have gone and
married her if they hadn't transferred you up here? You all seem
to LIKE the dirty black brutes. Christ, I don't know what's come
over us all. I really don't.'
'Come on, have another drink,' said Westfield. 'Hey, butler! Spot
of beer before the ice goes, eh? Beer, butler!'
The butler brought some bottles of Munich beer. Ellis presently
sat down at the table with the others, and he nursed one of the
cool bottles between his small hands. His forehead was sweating.
He was sulky, but not in a rage any longer. At all times he was
spiteful and perverse, but his violent fits of rage were soon over,
and were never apologized for. Quarrels were a regular part of the
routine of Club life. Mr Lackersteen was feeling better and was
studying the illustrations in La Vie Parisienne. It was after nine
now, and the room, scented with the acrid smoke of Westfield's
cheroot, was stifling hot. Everyone's shirt stuck to his back with
the first sweat of the day. The invisible chokra who pulled the
punkah rope outside was falling asleep in the glare.
'Butler!' yelled Ellis, and as the butler appeared, 'go and wake
that bloody chokra up!'
'How much ice have we got left?'
''Bout twenty pounds, master. Will only last today, I think. I
find it very difficult to keep ice cool now.'
'Don't talk like that, damn you--"I find it very difficult!" Have
you swallowed a dictionary? "Please, master, can't keeping ice
cool"--that's how you ought to talk. We shall have to sack this
fellow if he gets to talk English too well. I can't stick servants
who talk English. D'you hear, butler?'
'Yes, master,' said the butler, and retired.
'God! No ice till Monday,' Westfield said. 'You going back to the
'Yes. I ought to be there now. I only came in because of the
'Go on tour myself, I think. Knock up a spot of Travelling
Allowance. I can't stick my bloody office at this time of year.
Sitting there under the damned punkah, signing one chit after
another. Paper-chewing. God, how I wish the war was on again!'
'I'm going out the day after tomorrow,' Ellis said. 'Isn't that
damned padre coming to hold his service this Sunday? I'll take
care not to be in for that, anyway. Bloody knee-drill.'
'Next Sunday,' said Westfield. 'Promised to be in for it myself.
So's Macgregor. Bit hard on the poor devil of a padre, I must say.
Only gets here once in six weeks. Might as well get up a
congregation when he does come.'
'Oh, hell! I'd snivel psalms to oblige the padre, but I can't
stick the way these damned native Christians come shoving into our
church. A pack of Madrassi servants and Karen school-teachers.
And then those two yellow-bellies, Francis and Samuel--they call
themselves Christians too. Last time the padre was here they had
the nerve to come up and sit on the front pews with the white men.
Someone ought to speak to the padre about that. What bloody fools
we were ever to let those missionaries loose in this country!
Teaching bazaar sweepers they're as good as we are. "Please, sir,
me Christian same like master." Damned cheek.'
'How about that for a pair of legs?' said Mr Lackersteen, passing
La Vie Parisienne across. 'You know French, Flory; what's that
mean underneath? Christ, it reminds me of when I was in Paris, my
first leave, before I married. Christ, I wish I was there again!'
'Did you hear that one about "There was a young lady of Woking"?'
Maxwell said. He was rather a silent youth, but, like other
youths, he had an affection for a good smutty rhyme. He completed
the biography of the young lady of Woking, and there was a laugh.
Westfield replied with the young lady of Ealing who had a peculiar
feeling, and Flory came in with the young curate of Horsham who
always took every precaution. There was more laughter. Even Ellis
thawed and produced several rhymes; Ellis's jokes were always
genuinely witty, and yet filthy beyond measure. Everyone cheered
up and felt more friendly in spite of the heat. They had finished
the beer and were just going to call for another drink, when shoes
creaked on the steps outside. A booming voice, which made the
floorboards tingle, was saying jocosely:
'Yes, most distinctly humorous. I incorporated it in one of those
little articles of mine in Blackwood's, you know. I remember, too,
when I was stationed at Prome, another quite--ah--diverting
Evidently Mr Macgregor had arrived at the Club. Mr Lackersteen
exclaimed, 'Hell! My wife's there,' and pushed his empty glass as
far away from him as it would go. Mr Macgregor and Mrs Lackersteen
entered the lounge together.
Mr Macgregor was a large, heavy man, rather past forty, with a
kindly, puggy face, wearing gold-rimmed spectacles. His bulky
shoulders, and a trick he had of thrusting his head forward,
reminded one curiously of a turtle--the Burmans, in fact, nicknamed
him 'the tortoise'. He was dressed in a clean silk suit, which
already showed patches of sweat beneath the armpits. He greeted
the others with a humorous mock-salute, and then planted himself
before the notice-board, beaming, in the attitude of a schoolmaster
twiddling a cane behind his back. The good nature in his face was
quite genuine, and yet there was such a wilful geniality about him,
such a strenuous air of being off duty and forgetting his official
rank, that no one was ever quite at ease in his presence. His
conversation was evidently modelled on that of some facetious
schoolmaster or clergyman whom he had known in early life. Any
long word, any quotation, any proverbial expression figured in his
mind as a joke, and was introduced with a bumbling noise like 'er'
or 'ah', to make it clear that there was a joke coming. Mrs
Lackersteen was a woman of about thirty-five, handsome in a
contourless, elongated way, like a fashion plate. She had a
sighing, discontented voice. The others had all stood up when she
entered, and Mrs Lackersteen sank exhaustedly into the best chair
under the punkah, fanning herself with a slender hand like that of
'Oh dear, this heat, this heat! Mr Macgregor came and fetched me
in his car. SO kind of him. Tom, that wretch of a rickshaw-man is
pretending to be ill again. Really, I think you ought to give him
a good thrashing and bring him to his senses. It's too terrible to
have to walk about in this sun every day.'
Mrs Lackersteen, unequal to the quarter-mile walk between her house
and the Club, had imported a rickshaw from Rangoon. Except for
bullock-carts and Mr Macgregor's car it was the only wheeled
vehicle in Kyauktada, for the whole district did not possess ten
miles of road. In the jungle, rather than leave her husband alone,
Mrs Lackersteen endured all the horrors of dripping tents,
mosquitoes and tinned food; but she made up for it by complaining
over trifles while in headquarters.
'Really I think the laziness of these servants is getting too
shocking,' she sighed. 'Don't you agree, Mr Macgregor? We seem
to have no AUTHORITY over the natives nowadays, with all these
dreadful Reforms, and the insolence they learn from the newspapers.
In some ways they are getting almost as bad as the lower classes at
'Oh, hardly as bad as that, I trust. Still, I am afraid there is
no doubt that the democratic spirit is creeping in, even here.'
'And such a short time ago, even just before the war, they were so
NICE and respectful! The way they salaamed when you passed them on
the road--it was really quite charming. I remember when we paid
our butler only twelve rupees a month, and really that man loved us
like a dog. And now they are demanding forty and fifty rupees, and
I find that the only way I can even KEEP a servant is to pay their
wages several months in arrears.'
'The old type of servant is disappearing,' agreed Mr Macgregor.
'In my young days, when one's butler was disrespectful, one sent
him along to the jail with a chit saying "Please give the bearer
fifteen lashes". Ah well, eheu fugaces! Those days are gone for
ever, I am afraid.'
'Ah, you're about right there,' said Westfield in his gloomy way.
'This country'll never be fit to live in again. British Raj is
finished if you ask me. Lost Dominion and all that. Time we
cleared out of it.'
Whereat there was a murmur of agreement from everyone in the room,
even from Flory, notoriously a Bolshie in his opinions, even from
young Maxwell, who had been barely three years in the country. No
Anglo-Indian will ever deny that India is going to the dogs, or
ever has denied it--for India, like Punch, never was what it was.
Ellis had meanwhile unpinned the offending notice from behind Mr
Macgregor's back, and he now held it out to him, saying in his sour
'Here, Macgregor, we've read this notice, and we all think this
idea of electing a native to the Club is absolute--' Ellis was
going to have said 'absolute balls', but he remembered Mrs
Lackersteen's presence and checked himself--'is absolutely uncalled
for. After all, this Club is a place where we come to enjoy
ourselves, and we don't want natives poking about in here. We like
to think there's still one place where we're free of them. The
others all agree with me absolutely.'
He looked round at the others. 'Hear, hear!' said Mr Lackersteen
gruffly. He knew that his wife would guess that he had been
drinking, and he felt that a display of sound sentiment would
Mr Macgregor took the notice with a smile. He saw the 'B. F.'
pencilled against his name, and privately he thought Ellis's manner
very disrespectful, but he turned the matter off with a joke. He
took as great pains to be a good fellow at the Club as he did to
keep up his dignity during office hours. 'I gather,' he said,
'that our friend Ellis does not welcome the society of--ah--his
'No, I do not,' said Ellis tartly. 'Nor my Mongolian brother. I
don't like niggers, to put it in one word.'
Mr Macgregor stiffened at the word 'nigger', which is discountenanced
in India. He had no prejudice against Orientals; indeed, he was
deeply fond of them. Provided they were given no freedom he thought
them the most charming people alive. It always pained him to see
them wantonly insulted.
'Is it quite playing the game,' he said stiffly, 'to call these
people niggers--a term they very naturally resent--when they are
obviously nothing of the kind? The Burmese are Mongolians, the
Indians are Aryans or Dravidians, and all of them are quite
'Oh, rot that!' said Ellis, who was not at all awed by Mr
Macgregor's official status. 'Call them niggers or Aryans or what
you like. What I'm saying is that we don't want to see any black
hides in this Club. If you put it to the vote you'll find we're
against it to a man--unless Flory wants his DEAR pal Veraswami,' he
'Hear, hear!' repeated Mr Lackersteen. 'Count on me to blackball
the lot of 'em.'
Mr Macgregor pursed his lips whimsically. He was in an awkward
position, for the idea of electing a native member was not his own,
but had been passed on to him by the Commissioner. However, he
disliked making excuses, so he said in a more conciliatory tone:
'Shall we postpone discussing it till the next general meeting? In
the meantime we can give it our mature consideration. And now,' he
added, moving towards the table, 'who will join me in a little--ah--
The butler was called and the 'liquid refreshment' ordered. It was
hotter than ever now, and everyone was thirsty. Mr Lackersteen was
on the point of ordering a drink when he caught his wife's eye,
shrank up and said sulkily 'No.' He sat with his hands on his
knees, with a rather pathetic expression, watching Mrs Lackersteen
swallow a glass of lemonade with gin in it. Mr Macgregor, though
he signed the chit for drinks, drank plain lemonade. Alone of the
Europeans in Kyauktada, he kept the rule of not drinking before
'It's all very well,' grumbled Ellis, with his forearms on the
table, fidgeting with his glass. The dispute with Mr Macgregor had
made him restless again. 'It's all very well, but I stick to what
I said. No natives in this Club! It's by constantly giving way
over small things like that that we've ruined the Empire. The
country's only rotten with sedition because we've been too soft
with them. The only possible policy is to treat 'em like the dirt
they are. This is a critical moment, and we want every bit of
prestige we can get. We've got to hang together and say, "WE ARE
THE MASTERS, and you beggars--"' Ellis pressed his small thumb down
as though flattening a grub--'"you beggars keep your place!"'
'Hopeless, old chap,' said Westfield. 'Quite hopeless. What can
you do with all this red tape tying your hands? Beggars of natives
know the law better than we do. Insult you to your face and then
run you in the moment you hit 'em. Can't do anything unless you
put your foot down firmly. And how can you, if they haven't the
guts to show fight?'
'Our burra sahib at Mandalay always said,' put in Mrs Lackersteen,
'that in the end we shall simply LEAVE India. Young men will not
come out here any longer to work all their lives for insults and
ingratitude. We shall just GO. When the natives come to us
begging us to stay, we shall say, "No, you have had your chance,
you wouldn't take it. Very well, we shall leave you to govern
yourselves." And then, what a lesson that will teach them!'
'It's all this law and order that's done for us,' said Westfield
gloomily. The ruin of the Indian Empire through too much legality
was a recurrent theme with Westfield. According to him, nothing
save a full-sized rebellion, and the consequent reign of martial
law, could save the Empire from decay. 'All this paper-chewing and
chit-passing. Office babus are the real rulers of this country
now. Our number's up. Best thing we can do is to shut up shop and
let 'em stew in their own juice.'
'I don't agree, I simply don't agree,' Ellis said. 'We could put
things right in a month if we chose. It only needs a pennyworth of
pluck. Look at Amritsar. Look how they caved in after that. Dyer
knew the stuff to give them. Poor old Dyer! That was a dirty job.
Those cowards in England have got something to answer for.'
There was a kind of sigh from the others, the same sigh that a
gathering of Roman Catholics will give at the mention of Bloody
Mary. Even Mr Macgregor, who detested bloodshed and martial law,
shook his head at the name of Dyer.
'Ah, poor man! Sacrificed to the Paget M.P.s. Well, perhaps they
will discover their mistake when it is too late.'
'My old governor used to tell a story about that,' said Westfield.
'There was an old havildar in a native regiment--someone asked him
what'd happen if the British left India. The old chap said--'
Flory pushed back his chair and stood up. It must not, it could
not--no, it simply should not go on any longer! He must get out of
this room quickly, before something happened inside his head and he
began to smash the furniture and throw bottles at the pictures.
Dull boozing witless porkers! Was it possible that they could go
on week after week, year after year, repeating word for word the
same evil-minded drivel, like a parody of a fifth-rate story in
Blackwood's? Would none of them EVER think of anything new to say?
Oh, what a place, what people! What a civilization is this of
ours--this godless civilization founded on whisky, Blackwood's and
the 'Bonzo' pictures! God have mercy on us, for all of us are part
Flory did not say any of this, and he was at some pains not to show
it in his face. He was standing by his chair, a little sidelong to
the others, with the half-smile of a man who is never sure of his
'I'm afraid I shall have to be off,' he said. 'I've got some
things to see to before breakfast, unfortunately.'
'Stay and have another spot, old man,' said Westfield. 'Morning's
young. Have a gin. Give you an appetite.'
'No, thanks, I must be going. Come on, Flo. Good-bye, Mrs
Lackersteen. Good-bye, everybody.'
'Exit Booker Washington, the niggers' pal,' said Ellis as Flory
disappeared. Ellis could always be counted on to say something
disagreeable about anyone who had just left the room. 'Gone to see
Very-slimy, I suppose. Or else sloped off to avoid paying a round
'Oh, he's not a bad chap,' Westfield said. 'Says some Bolshie
things sometimes. Don't suppose he means half of them.'
'Oh, a very good fellow, of course,' said Mr Macgregor. Every
European in India is ex-officio, or rather ex-colore, a good
fellow, until he has done something quite outrageous. It is an
'He's a bit TOO Bolshie for my taste. I can't bear a fellow who
pals up with the natives. I shouldn't wonder if he's got a lick of
the tar-brush himself. It might explain that black mark on his
face. Piebald. And he looks like a yellow-belly, with that black
hair, and skin the colour of a lemon.'
There was some desultory scandal about Flory, but not much, because
Mr Macgregor did not like scandal. The Europeans stayed in the
Club long enough for one more round of drinks. Mr Macgregor told
his anecdote about Prome, which could be produced in almost any
context. And then the conversation veered back to the old, never-
palling subject--the insolence of the natives, the supineness of
the Government, the dear dead days when the British Raj WAS the
British Raj and please give the bearer fifteen lashes. This topic
was never let alone for long, partly because of Ellis's obsession.
Besides, you could forgive the Europeans a great deal of their
bitterness. Living and working among Orientals would try the
temper of a saint. And all of them, the officials particularly,
knew what it was to be baited and insulted. Almost every day, when
Westfield or Mr Macgregor or even Maxwell went down the street, the
High School boys, with their young, yellow faces--faces smooth as
gold coins, full of that maddening contempt that sits so naturally
on the Mongolian face--sneered at them as they went past, sometimes
hooted after them with hyena-like laughter. The life of the Anglo-
Indian officials is not all jam. In comfortless camps, in
sweltering offices, in gloomy dakbungalows smelling of dust and
earth-oil, they earn, perhaps, the right to be a little disagreeable.
It was getting on for ten now, and hot beyond bearing. Flat, clear
drops of sweat gathered on everyone's face, and on the men's bare
forearms. A damp patch was growing larger and larger in the back
of Mr Macgregor's silk coat. The glare outside seemed to soak
somehow through the green-chicked windows, making one's eyes ache
and filling one's head with stuffiness. Everyone thought with
malaise of his stodgy breakfast, and of the long, deadly hours that
were coming. Mr Macgregor stood up with a sigh and adjusted his
spectacles, which had slipped down his sweating nose.
'Alas that such a festive gathering should end,' he said. 'I must
get home to breakfast. The cares of Empire. Is anybody coming my
way? My man is waiting with the car.'
'Oh, thank you,' said Mrs Lackersteen; 'if you'd take Tom and me.
What a relief not to have to walk in this heat!'
The others stood up. Westfield stretched his arms and yawned
through his nose. 'Better get a move on, I suppose. Go to sleep
if I sit here any longer. Think of stewing in that office all day!
Baskets of papers. Oh Lord!'
'Don't forget tennis this evening, everyone,' said Ellis.
'Maxwell, you lazy devil, don't you skulk out of it again. Down
here with your racquet at four-thirty sharp.'
'Apres vous, madame,' said Mr Macgregor gallantly, at the door.
'Lead on, Macduff,' said Westfield.
They went out into the glaring white sunlight. The heat rolled
from the earth like the breath of an oven. The flowers, oppressive
to the eyes, blazed with not a petal stirring, in a debauch of sun.
The glare sent a weariness through one's bones. There was
something horrible in it--horrible to think of that blue, blinding
sky, stretching on and on over Burma and India, over Siam,
Cambodia, China, cloudless and interminable. The plates of Mr
Macgregor's waiting car were too hot to touch. The evil time of
day was beginning, the time, as the Burmese say, 'when feet are
silent'. Hardly a living creature stirred, except men, and the
black columns of ants, stimulated by the heat, which marched
ribbon-like across the path, and the tail-less vultures which
soared on the currents of the air. | <urn:uuid:0e94524b-7c59-4d6b-919c-2d449ed3ab95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.george-orwell.org/Burmese_Days/1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00242-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971151 | 9,832 | 1.5 | 2 |
Illegal Burmese migrants: caught between hiding or becoming legal
MANY OF the estimated 2 million Burmese migrants currently living in Thailand can remember the mass deportation a decade ago. With the threat of another mass expulsion looming, migrant workers are exploring their options and hoping to avoid the panic, the desperation and the dangers of November 1999.
This collective memory is in itself an acknowledgement of the number of years that migrants have given to Thailand, but despite this, they still have limited options to secure their livelihood, safety and all options that render them temporary commodities.
Newly arrived migrants from Burma only have one option and that is to live and work illegally in Thailand. Migrants who have missed all of the registrations offered by Thailand must also live a clandestine life. Migrants who have registered and re-registered since 2004 have the option of re-registering but this time with the proviso that their details will be sent to Burmese authorities to have their nationality verified. Those who pass this scrutiny will then be issued a temporary passport to allow them to enter Thailand legally for work. Ironically, the illegal workers may be the most permanent of all the workers. They certainly are the largest in number, currently estimated at around 1.5 million.
The 600,000 registered migrants have permission to stay year by year, with a threat of deportation at the end of each 12-month cycle. Next year, all the various registration processes expire on the same date, February 28, 2010, with the threat of mass expulsion.
The temporary passports being issued to migrants, who have had their nationality confirmed, are part of a process started by the signing of a memorandum of understanding between Thailand and Burma in 2003. To date, only around 2,000 Burmese migrants have been issued with passports. As the name implies, these passports are only valid for three years. Migrants with these passports can then apply for a work permit, which may be extended for a further two years. After four years of working in Thailand, the migrant will not be allowed back for three years.
Many of the ethnic nationalities of Burma fear repercussions for their families if they enter the verification process and so are opting out of the whole registration process. Having read the policy and heard the threats, they are preparing to go home. They are working hard, saving money and asking around about jobs in other countries. They will require some assistance from Thai authorities to safely return to the border and bid farewell to their lives in Thailand.
Others who are rejecting the verification and passport process are making preparations of a different kind. They are preparing to return to the illegal status and continue working. Many already have the experience of being considered illegal and their experience is often that legal status does not make a great deal of difference. Registering for a migrant worker’s card has never guaranteed a minimum wage or proper health and safety standards or even days off. So, they will save the money they would normally have paid for registration, and instead give it under the table when demanded from the local police or immigration. They are also preparing to ward off brokers and traffickers, and to run when needed.
And then there are some migrants who vacillate between getting verified or not. The right to have a nationality, passport, be legal for four years, be able to travel by local transport or drive are tempting. But the concerns about taxation, repercussions on family members, increased costs and the experience that the Burmese military regime has no qualms on backtracking on policies and promises remain strong deterrents. Maybe if the incentives were greater, more migrants would enter the process. If having a passport and work permit guaranteed regular payment of minimum wage; if it was not left up to the discretion of the employer to register workers in the social security system to ensure that workers got free healthcare and welfare benefits and rights; if the work permit did not come with the three-year ban; maybe if migrants were not classed as second-class citizens only worthy of a temporary passport; maybe if migrants could travel on a normal passport and make their own decisions regarding which country offered better conditions, more migrants would be eager to join the process.
Even the previous registrations of migrant workers in Thailand in their own way provided more security and stability than the four years of the passport. Though only annual policies, they have been renewed again and again over the last 17 years. Even the current policy acknowledges the length of time migrants stay. All those migrants registering today have been in Thailand for five years. With the passport system, they would be long gone, having passed their expiry date of four years. With the ban on returning for the following three years, they will surely be off to the Middle East or elsewhere, certainly not waiting around to return to Thailand.
Registration, temporary work permits, illegal status – the choices are limited. And the choices all ignore the migrants and their families, their lives, their talents, their interests and their dreams. The choices all focus only on the productivity of the migrants, on the profits for the employers and the country’s economy. Woven through every policy is the discourse of illegality and impermanence. It is time that migrants were afforded identity, rights and protection as people as well as workers. A migrant’s right to healthcare or to housing should not be dependent on an employer. Migrants need legal status as a people first and then as workers.
“Booths on the border” is one possible solution. A migrant crosses into Thailand and immediately gets a card with a photograph, which is then entered into a computerised system. Thailand has the technology. The long porous border, supposedly impossible to man, seems a bit of a myth when one sits and watches the rubber rings floating across at Myawaddy to Mae Sot. If the border is so long and porous, why cross right in front of the immigration authorities? Land-mined and militarised might better describe the Thai-Burma border. Immediate documentation of migrants on arrival would put traffickers out of business, and brokers could only facilitate not manipulate the labour market. Migrants could travel freely to their places of work and then register with local authorities once they have found work.
More migrants might come, but more migrants might also return. Research has shown that the greater the restrictions placed on migration, the longer migrants stay put. Ease the restrictions and migrants can move with the economy, the labour flows and the normal patterns of ones life. The restrictions mean that migrants risk everything to move and so will not take that risk a second time, they will stay in the country of destination despite economic downfalls or bad conditions because the risk of getting home and not being able to return is too great.
If limiting the number of migrants arriving is a concern, then Thailand together with Asean countries need to address the situation in Burma. Migrants from Burma are simply looking for a chance to have a stable, secure livelihood and outlive the military regime. Asean needs to speed up the demise of the military dictatorship in Burma and give migrants the choice of living in their own country or migrating for work.
There is an urgent need for review of the policies towards migrants and towards Burma. Mass expulsion and mass unemployment of migrants without temporary passports in February 2010 is a repugnant solution; collective expulsions are inherently arbitrary and thus prohibited under international human-rights law. They invariably result in accidents, abuse and the separation of families.
Migrants have voiced concerns over the temporary passports, and these concerns need to be taken into consideration for future policies. The temporary passport may be one option but it is not the choice for most migrants, and would take years to implement even with full cooperation from the migrants, employers and Burmese authorities. Migrants are asking for policies which protect their rights and dignity as people, which enforce labour standards equal to their Thai counterparts, and which do not force them to live in states of insecurity, instability and dishonesty. | <urn:uuid:f5b117fc-8dbb-46fe-a6d5-6f2ede6f5a40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tineyintharvoice.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/illegal-burmese-migrants-caught-between-hiding-or-becoming-legal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95751 | 1,623 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Theyyam is a popular ritual form of dance worship in Kerala and Karnataka which consists of thousand-year-old traditions, rituals and customs. The people of these districts consider Theyyam itself as a channel to a God and thus seek blessings. There are about 456 types of Theyyam and performed by males, except the Devakoothu theyyam; this is the only Theyyam ritual performed by women and only in the Kulom temple. In Kerala, Theyyam is performed predominantly in the North Malabar area and a similar custom is followed in the Mangalore region of neighbouring Karnataka known as Bhuta Kola.
Source: Wikipedia Theyyam
On the other hand, when it comes to international visitors dancing in the streets, you can’t mistake Eric from Malaysia ‘letting his hair down’ and moving to the grooves of the local drummers. Way to go!
When you’ve finished all that dancing in the streets, perhaps sharing a plate of Halwa at the Harivihar property in Calicut with Dr Srikuma would be ideal in reviving your energy. Once you start your Ayurveda treatment program here you’ll be charged up and ready to take on just about anything …
You’ll find that Harivihar is a lifestyle wellness house offering its guests the unparalleled experience of staying in a heritage property with a delightful ambience, along with the benefits of Ayurveda, Panchakarma therapies and Yoga practices which are well established here.
Harivihar which literally means abode of the divine is a 170 year old painstakingly restored royal-heritage homestead and Ayurveda resort in Kerala. Situated in Calicut, it’s part of the historic Malabar province. Old-world charm giving a sense of being at peace with oneself whilst engaging in the disciplined practices on offer. See http://www.harivihar.com
The passion shown here at Harivihar is exceptional and one of the reasons it’s a sought-after therapeutic institute. And, of course with well-known doctors whose credentials are second to none in giving holistic advice and the services of their well-trained experienced staff members; especially in ensuring all matters of concern are taken into consideration for treatments through initial consultations.
On a slightly different note, it was interesting to watch Martial Arts being taught to youngsters at the Krishna Beach Resort and a great way in preparing them for the challenges they may face in the real world. Umm … wished I’d had the same opportunity instead of relying on big brothers!
Mangrove Kayaking with Kavvayi Stories is a fun day out and they also provide camping facilitation for those with an adventurous nature. See Rahulnarainn on Instagram.
We had the opportunity to visit the Collective Weaving Centre in Chirakkal which had been opened in May, 1965. It has a fully fledged dye house and only use permitted colours and chemicals which do not contain any harmful amines. Magnificent woven pieces were too good not to take advantage of and take home as a souvenir.
Art of cigarette making in a traditional way for those needing a break from the hum drum of life.
Phani my willing model for the day is from Bahrain having a well-earned smoko whilst on our tour. He’s sporting an Aussie Akubra hat, smoking Indian style looking relaxed and ready for the next stage of our Malabar sojourn.
Living in Australia, reptiles and snakes aren’t exactly my favourite creatures, but having a healthy respect for them, I was glad they were held respectfully in their parkland abodes. Here at Snake Park, Parassinikkadavu (which is near to Kannur), is a modern sculpture of Aussie legend Steve Irwin (deceased). It was an incredible sight to see our very own local Australian zookeeper and conservationist nicknamed as ‘The Crocodile Hunter’ carved by famous local artist Mr. Shyju Kannar being immortalised. The sculpture had been erected as a tribute to Steve Irwin on his 10th Death Anniversary and it’s located in front of the Crocodile enclosure in the Snake Park.
In the amazing highlands of Wayanad, we traversed by road through bushland and the dizzying heights of the magnificent landscape made fantastic photo opportunities.
Travelling through Kerala by rail is a very real consideration for those who love trains. The possibilities are available if you choose to cut out traffic congestion and in return you’re not having to worry about flying to another destination whereby the taxi ride to an airport can sometimes be more than the actual airfare paid. Trains are quite inexpensive and a great way of chatting to others whilst rocking and rolling along. Rail journeys do experience the same kinds of delays as airlines for sure, but they don’t have the same weight restrictions as such along with their astronomical fees for being a few kilos over. Easy to disembark the train with your luggage in tow and just grab a taxi or Uber if needing to continue onto your final happy holiday place.
Bekla Beach is a popular spot in the north west corner of Kerala, here with friend Tali checking out the impending storm.
Although the state has rainfall year round, Kerala experiences two monsoon seasons: the main season from June – August and the second from October to November.
Vroom, vroom … our Tuk Tuk driver ready to take myself, Marius and Bartek out for the afternoon in one of Malabar’s cities being Calicut – eating, shopping and anything else we could find of interest. These people movers are fast, readily available, easily connected from one place to another and a refreshing ride too with a wind-swept hair style thrown in. Well for most of us anyway …
Kerala is the melting pot of Indian destinations whereby you can enjoy a diverse range of activities; from beaut white sandy beaches fronting the Arabian Sea to magnificent highlands with geared-up resorts that offer manageable budgets that cater for all styles of travellers seeking a cultural getaway.
Go on, reward yourself with a humbling experience whereby you’ll return home with a sense of having mastered a few challenges along the way; after all why travel if there’s not a challenge involved?
Kerala your one-stop shop for harvesting and reaping unforgettable experiences.
Next stop is Gorkana in the southwestern Indian state of Karnataka. | <urn:uuid:ad603029-11ee-4aee-9cd4-af306466ee68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.travelgracefully.com.au/2022/07/kerala-india-part-two/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.951695 | 1,354 | 1.664063 | 2 |
CreateRemoteThread() for subclassing
Against Kyle Marsh of MSDN's advice, I am trying to subclass a foreign window using CreateRemoteThread(). I'm having trouble working out how to use this function. I have a few questions.
1. Do I create the thread function in my process space, then WriteProcessMemory() to get it to the target process?
2. How do I get my window procedure to the target process space?
3. Once I have the thread there, how can I locate the window I was trying to subclass? I was thinking of passing the HWND through as the parameter, but I'm not sure.
I've never created extra threads before, let alone sent them to other processes, so this is all new to me. | <urn:uuid:19b7aeb1-c224-4035-a006-5b1697cea256> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://cboard.cprogramming.com/windows-programming/42422-createremotethread-subclassing-printable-thread.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949123 | 157 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Authors: Will McClatchey and Lisa X Gollin
Source: Ethnobotany Research & Applications 3:309-327 (2005)
Author: Rebekah J.M. Fuller
Source: Ethnobotany Research & Applications 5:219-231 (2007)
Alseis yucatanensis: a natural product from Belize that exhibits multiple mechanisms of vasorelaxation
Authors: Donald F. Slish, Rosita Arvigo, Michael J. Balick
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 (2004) 297–302
Authors: Richard B. Primack and Abraham J. Miller-Rushing
Source: New Phytologist (2009) 182: 303-313
Description: Botanical gardens have a unique set of resources that allows them to host important climate change research projects not easily undertaken elsewhere. These resources include controlled growing conditions, living collections with broad taxonomic representation, meticulous record-keeping, networks spanning wide geographic areas, and knowledgeable staff.
Author: Michael J. Balick, Ph.D.
Source: Botanical Medicine: Efficacy, Quality Assurance, and Regulation, 1999.
Description: The most sgnificant contribution that a botanist can make to a discussion about furthering the incorporation of botanicals into the U.S. health care system concerns the importance of of documenting the materials that are being studied or used in the clinical setting. | <urn:uuid:9e747cbe-5a90-4916-80e9-a0b572cbc4ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sacredseedssanctuary.org/category/category/botanical-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00151-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.83055 | 301 | 1.90625 | 2 |
JERUSALEM (Dec. 6)
Israeli circles charged today that promises of massive American economic aid–expected to exceed $100,000,000 during the coming year–had emboldened President Nasser of the United Arab Republic to a new pitch of bellicosity against Israel and threats that he would, by force, prevent Israel from proceeding with its Jordan Valley irrigation plans.
President Nasser, it was said here, considers the American aid, which has already begun to flow into his country, as an indication of extreme American eagerness to improve relations with the UAR. He, therefore, does not expect the United States to make any move to head off the new anti-Israel hate drive he has launched.
Informed Israelis expressed concern today that if Washington continued to pour dollars into Cairo–and some press reports today indicated that the American aid total might reach $150,000,000–without obtaining from Nasser any agreement on his part to avoid injury to Western interests in the Middle East, the net effect would be creation of new difficulties in the Middle East.
Nasser, they noted, had not only started a new campaign against Israel but had also raised the “Jerusalem question” in an effort to make trouble for the Kingdom of Jordan. Only the Soviet Union, they said, would profit from further disturbance in the area. | <urn:uuid:2ecfc089-d015-470f-8090-632071754b53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jta.org/1959/12/07/archive/u-s-100000000-aid-to-nasser-emboldens-his-threats-against-israel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972473 | 276 | 1.65625 | 2 |
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