Information_extraction/task3_outcome_extraction.json

{
    "Contributors": [
        "Pegah Alipoormolabashi"
    ],
    "Source": [
        "pico"
    ],
    "URL": [
        "https://github.com/Markus-Zlabinger/pico-annotation"
    ],
    "Categories": [
        "Information Extraction"
    ],
    "Reasoning": [],
    "Definition": [
        "In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. To determine if a new treatment works, various outcomes are measured in the people who take part in the study. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the outcomes of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the outcome is mentioned, just answer with: \"not found\".\n Outcomes contain: outcomes measured in patients: like blood sugar,\n outcomes regarding the intervention: like effectiveness, costs\n the score on a medical test or questionnaire,\n positive or negative events in the patient groups: like quitting smoking, or adverse reactions.\n Do not mention numbers or results, interpretations of outcomes, outcome mentions without relevant information."
    ],
    "Input_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Output_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Instruction_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Domains": [
        "Academical Papers",
        "Clinical Trials and Controlled Trials"
    ],
    "Positive Examples": [
        {
            "input": " Effects of 12 weeks' treatment with a proton pump inhibitor on insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes ",
            "output": "insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk",
            "explanation": "The study is measuring effects of a treatment on several outcomes, which are: insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk."
        },
        {
            "input": "There were no serious adverse device effects.",
            "output": "no serious adverse device effects",
            "explanation": "Any mention of not-seen effects counts as an outcome."
        },
        {
            "input": " The primary outcome measures were the score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) scale at eight weeks. ",
            "output": "score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement (CGI-I) scale",
            "explanation": "All the measured scores are correctly listed in this answer."
        }
    ],
    "Negative Examples": [
        {
            "input": "Secondary end points included change in upper-limb measures (including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity).",
            "output": "change in upper-limb measures, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity",
            "explanation": "The upper-limb measures are correctly mentioned, but the words \"change in\" should not be included, as they're measured results."
        },
        {
            "input": "More early-stage cancer (stages I and II, 54 vs. 10) were found in the screening group than in the control group.",
            "output": "early-stage cancer, stages I and II, 54 vs. 10",
            "explanation": "The information about number of cases in each stage is an example of numbers and measurements that shouldn't be included in the output."
        }
    ],
    "Instances": [
        {
            "id": "task181-b6b9cc59fa1144a2ae4adfaf05be19b7",
            "input": "Under Fluoxetine , mPFC activation was up-regulated and normalized in ASD boys relative to controls , but down-regulated in ADHD boys relative to placebo , which was concomitant with worse task performance in ADHD .",
            "output": [
                "mPFC activation, task performance"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-660afac74e1a4144aefc361cacfe5dad",
            "input": "We conclude that granisetron is a better anti-emetic than perphenazine for the long-term prevention of post-operative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for tonsillectomy .",
            "output": [
                "prevention of post-operative vomiting"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-b92bd0e8930a479092c5f3675e8f1dfb",
            "input": "One case of unsubstantiated acute rheumatic fever occurred after 7 days of amoxicillin .",
            "output": [
                "acute rheumatic"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-f2e2fdd2d65e4eedaf5689d406671512",
            "input": "Costs/QALY gained discounted at 3 % were $ 205,186 using the QWB and $ 32,643 using the CHRD .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-d6d84adef4d748a2a45078bf92625fef",
            "input": "Calcium solubility and absorption across Caco-2 cells were studied after the in vitro digestion of the diets .",
            "output": [
                "absorption"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-c52df3ee2be54a398d7c4bd65b599615",
            "input": "Influence of diets rich in Maillard reaction products on calcium bioavailability .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-f9b50d8667b845a6a1c50339745573fa",
            "input": "Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-ad0425160e8b401eab48421f77e4ad45",
            "input": "Depressive patients are able to follow prescribed lifestyle recommendations in the short-term .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-a1b4e2b22e77474e89085a58da314dd2",
            "input": "The influence of injections of Amidotrizoate and Iopromide into the left coronary artery on global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate ) as well as excitation formation and transmission was studied in 16 patients with ischaemic heart disease .",
            "output": [
                "global myocardial perfusion and function ( pressures in the left ventricle , heart rate, excitation formation, transmission"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-be54c87829a840cbbd6a3d4ddeaacb6f",
            "input": "These 22 patients constituted the control group of a controlled trial and received standard outpatient clinic treatment during follow-up .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-99ca02a337044cbd88bda6dc0c590196",
            "input": "Patients could not have had prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-5827a79a4ea24d2f8204521bce20799c",
            "input": "Comparisons with the cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil arm will not be addressed .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-fcfedc8932dc4df9abf5e65904fdd5ae",
            "input": "Children with parent-reported ASD had higher levels of health care office visits and prescription drug use compared with children without ASD ( P < .05 ) .",
            "output": [
                "levels of health care office visits, prescription drug use"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-7b1a9e5c12e844b4a55e63ca32eeb7c7",
            "input": "Short-term phasic activity was only found in 13 out of 40 of the normal infants ( 32.5 % ) .",
            "output": [
                "phasic activity"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-7c675b2ed3c449769cf8ab917b2ccf60",
            "input": "Group 1 received a weekly session of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for 12 weeks and group 2 was the placebo group .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-774950e6c3fd439588a89a655407d28b",
            "input": "Only deoxypyridinoline values were significantly lower after consumption of the BD ( 13.0 +/- 1.1 compared to 18.3 +/- 2.1 nM/Mm Cr in the WD ) , possibly indicative of less efficient bone turnover during this period .",
            "output": [
                "deoxypyridinoline, bone turnover"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-68a7c59ab2e04e318983f4184d60e391",
            "input": "The results suggest that the use of PMRT could enhance quality of life and decrease state anxiety in patients after stoma surgery .",
            "output": [
                "quality of life, state anxiety"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-0d279aa13ebc443a9b8b2ee194eaa2fa",
            "input": "Interventions were conducted 30 min daily for 5-6 weeks .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-e0a60203a30c4d81a6befb0e1a2f7e15",
            "input": "There were also no differences in manual muscle testing sum scores , activity scale scores and patients ' own assessments after 48 weeks of treatment .",
            "output": [
                "manual muscle testing sum scores, activity scale scores, patients ' own assessments"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-e2cf137ad96a4c97ac77fd4a6aa5a094",
            "input": "However , transfusion rate , presence of hepatomegaly , splenomegaly , and jaundice was similar .",
            "output": [
                "transfusion rate, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-91e4da925405482a86852c2f40e94479",
            "input": "Three hundred sixty-five patients were enrolled .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-5f8df641d10341488507af682b4cd162",
            "input": "If so , this would be a great support for doctors who might systematically recommend these simple and costless measures , especially in primary care .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-174c2bbb0a094cf08d9be77a36021bea",
            "input": "Relative to children in the wait-list group , program participants showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention , as indicated by parent-report measures .",
            "output": [
                "social skills"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-f397803081c7484596609ab95c11305b",
            "input": "Hence , we hypothesize that specific airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW ) should better characterize the acute response to bronchodilators .",
            "output": [
                "airway resistance changes ( \u0394sRAW"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-6be7c34457d44d2aae095c9b8a8545b3",
            "input": "We investigated whether 13 participants with ASD ( age 7 ; 03-22 ; 03 ) and 13 age-matched typically developing ( TD ) controls could comprehend lexicalized conceptual metaphors ( e.g. , Susan is a warm person ) and novel ones ( e.g. , Susan is a toasty person ) .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-a56c014af9e641e0a054df3d539e862b",
            "input": "Randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy with bestatin of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-00f7a9feeca443dba41ea8642d982a43",
            "input": "Forty-nine children with AS were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 26 ) or wait-list control ( n = 23 ) conditions .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-a0ad3556ddad4a45816ca1c41f8fb899",
            "input": "Observed medication and weekend diary cards were used to monitor adherence .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-3642ba2f6ecb422bbf9f53b3c83a712d",
            "input": "Use of health care facilities was assessed from diaries/questionnaires and Medicare reimbursement rates used to estimate costs .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-872fcc407c5b4bddab2900ae4e64a409",
            "input": "In 78 children known to be infected with Ascaris at baseline , the rate of weight gain was 21 per cent greater in children treated with levamisole than in those receiving placebo ( p = .03 ) .",
            "output": [
                "weight gain"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-6325c79c66f245a1948b5b3edd34ecac",
            "input": "Overall , 13 patients ( 46.4 % ) had detrusor overactivity and 14 ( 50 % ) had decreased bladder capacity .",
            "output": [
                "detrusor overactivity, bladder capacity"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-88a93544f3ea44549d2830a24e2b92e0",
            "input": "In patients with neutrophil counts of > 0.1 x 10 ( 9 ) /L lasting for more than 4 weeks , the frequency of infection in the fluconazole group ( 5 of 9 patients ) was significantly higher than in the itraconazole group ( 0 of 7 patients ; P = .03 ) .",
            "output": [
                "frequency of infection"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-61f6dd4c233943c1a641eb98a6ac63cc",
            "input": "No significant differences , within and between groups , were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-0e571027c3ad402eac59e037eef1f9dc",
            "input": "Age-matched boys with ADHD ( 15 ) , ASD ( 18 ) , and controls ( 21 ) were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a reversal task .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-b966d8e535214bcfab19f7807a69aa51",
            "input": "This 7-week program included a computer game , small group sessions , parent training sessions and teacher handouts .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-aa5d3b6da4d4484885016d4d791a5bbb",
            "input": "The patients were randomised into a control group ( n = 10 ) and an experimental group ( n = 8 ) .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-02ed1112902e4c7eaff28cb2c99831d9",
            "input": "To consider the impact on primary care patient outcomes of using both a screener to determine elevated anxiety levels among patients with previously undetected anxiety and a physician intervention to inform physicians of their patients ' conditions .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-be619ba3e04f49ad88a3012d30a053e2",
            "input": "A persistent phasic activity pattern was found in 19 of the 21 patients , high frequency phasic activity in 11 of the 21 patients .",
            "output": [
                "phasic activity, phasic"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-517cc6f8524a4005803c89fe11122459",
            "input": "In a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 90 paediatric patients , ASA I , aged 4-10 years , received granisetron 40 mg kg-1 or perphenazine 70 mg kg-1 ( n = 45 each ) intravenously immediately after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-3926152d20b8400e8a1b5d374338ff8e",
            "input": "After three weekly doses of epoetin alfa 40,000 U , a dose of 120,000 U can be administered safely once every 3 weeks without increasing transfusion needs or sacrificing QOL .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-1b85989710174167807d1dd176f01fab",
            "input": "However , to our knowledge , there have been no studies using all these measures together as an adjuvant antidepressant strategy .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-5eb927181cb44fe9964ad7117653f82f",
            "input": "Accordingly , the current study examined within-person covariation between time-varying abstinence and depressive symptom in a multilevel model ( MLM ) , which allowed for transitions between smoking statuses within a participant .",
            "output": [
                "depressive symptom"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task181-5ffc877487054e8d875578021fb8018b",
            "input": "Internal stenting is an integral part of endopyelotomy .",
            "output": [
                "not found"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "Instance License": [
        "Unknown"
    ]
}