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The Lost Turkey Trail is a hiking trail in southwestern Pennsylvania. The trail traverses portions of Blue Knob State Park, a state game land, some parcels of private land, and Gallitzin State Forest. The trail is mostly in Bedford County and Somerset County, with a few segments briefly crossing the border into Cambria County. It reaches the highest point of any backpacking trail in Pennsylvania, with its eastern terminus at 3,034 feet, at Herman Point near the top of Blue Knob, which in turn is the second highest peak in the state. The trail also features a significant climb up the Allegheny Front. These rugged geographic features, combined with a shortage of camping areas and extensive no-camping zones, make the Lost Turkey Trail one of the more challenging backpacking trails in Pennsylvania.
History and route
The Lost Turkey Trail was built by the Youth Conservation Corps in the mid-1970s, and its name is believed to derive from an inside joke among the volunteer trail builders. Here the trail is described in the westbound direction, starting at Blue Knob State Park. From a small parking lot at Herman Point, near the top of Blue Knob, the trail immediately begins a lengthy and steep descent off the mountain and toward the valley of Bobs Creek. At about six-tenths of a mile, the trail passes the Lost Cox Children Monument, where the bodies of two young children were found in 1856. The trail crosses Bobs Creek, follows its valley downstream for a while, then climbs up an intervening ridge. After briefly walking along the top of the ridge, the trail descends steeply again, then crosses Wallace Branch and Pennsylvania Route 869 at Burnt House Picnic Area.
Continuing to the west, the Lost Turkey Trail begins a significant climb up the Allegheny Front, though the climb is gradual, following stream hollows and rising about 1,000 feet over three miles. At the top of the plateau, the terrain levels off and the western half of the trail is relatively easy. In this section, the trail encounters the source of the South Fork of the Little Conemaugh River; downstream, this waterway was responsible for the devastating Johnstown Flood of 1889. Near its western end, the trail enters Gallitzin State Forest, and ends at a parking lot on Pennsylvania Route 56 east of Windber. That parking lot is just across the highway from Babcock Picnic Area, which serves as the trailhead for the John P. Saylor Trail.
References
Hiking trails in Pennsylvania |
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Video game series
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Daniel Levy Maduro Peixotto (July 18, 1800 – May 13, 1843) was a Dutch-born Jewish-American physician.
Life
Peixotto was born on July 18, 1800 in Amsterdam, Holland, the son of Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto and Judith Lopez Salzedo. He studied in Curaçao under Professor Strebeck. His father was a merchant in Curaçao who later became rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City following the death of Gershom Mendes Seixas.
Peixotto immigrated to America with his father in 1807 and settled in New York City. He graduated from Columbia College in 1816. He then studied in Columbia University, graduating from there with an M.D. in 1819 and an M.A. in 1825. Before he got his medical degree, he studied medicine in the office of Dr. David Hosack. He spent several years practicing medicine in the West Indies after graduating, returning to New York in 1823. He worked as a physician for the New York City Dispensary, and from 1826 to 1827 he lectured on "abdominal diseases and complain[t]s of females." In 1825, he was a founder of the Academy of Medicine and served as its first secretary. He also helped organize the Society for Assisting the Widows and Orphans of Medical Men, and supported the establishment of a medical library. From 1825 to 1826, he co-edited The New York Medical and Physical Journal with Drs. Beck and Bell. He became sole editor of the Journal in 1829, and wrote a number of articles for it. An active member of the New York County Medical Society, he served as its president from 1830 to 1832.
In 1836, Peixotto was elected an Honorary Member of the Medical Society of Lower Canada and appointed Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and of Obstetrics. That year, he also became President of the Willoughby Medical College and moved to Cleveland, Ohio to served as the college's Dean of the Faculty for the next several years. He was a close friend of Andrew Jackson, supporting his election to the Presidency and editing the True American on his behalf. He was also connected to the New-York Mirror when it was under the control of N. P. Willis and George P. Morris. While teaching in Willoughby, he was contacted by a Mormon Temple in Kirtland to teach the congregation Hebrew. He resigned from the Medical College in 1838 and continued practicing medicine in Cleveland for the next few years.
An active member of the Freemasons, Peixotto was Master of the Washington Lodge in 1833. In 1823, he married Rachel M. Sexias, daughter of Benjamin Mendes Seixas and a descendant of Isaac Mendes Seixas. Their children were Judith Salzedo (who married David Hays), Sarah (who married Abraham H. Cardozo and was mother to lawyer Michael H. Cardozo), Zipporah (who married Benjamin Sexias), Benjamin F., Moses L. M. (a druggist and veteran of the American Civil War), Raphael (a San Francisco merchant), Sarah, Rebecca, and Miriam.
Peixotto returned to New York City in 1841. He died of consumption there on May 13, 1843.
References
1800 births
1843 deaths
Physicians from Amsterdam
American people of Dutch-Jewish descent
Dutch emigrants to the United States
19th-century American Jews
Columbia College (New York) alumni
19th-century American physicians
Physicians from New York City
Physicians from Cleveland
American editors
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
People from Willoughby, Ohio
American Freemasons
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state)
19th-century Sephardi Jews
Dutch Sephardi Jews
American Sephardic Jews |
The Brazil national access team, also known as Seleacesso, was a Brazilian football team formed in 1962 and 1964 especially for the South American Access Championship, a tournament between national teams from South America that were formed only by athletes who did not disputed their national top league level.
In Brazil, players who competed in their state level leagues were accepted.
Titles
South American Access Championship
Winners (2): 1962, 1964
All matches played
Overall 9 matches, 5 wins, 3 draws, 0 loses, 17 goals scored, 8 goals awarded (+9 difference)
Squads
The following players were called up to the Brazil in each tournament. In 1962 only players from the São Paulo countryside were called up. In 1964, only players from less important clubs in Rio de Janeiro league.
From 1962 team, Jurandir and Ademar participated in senior A team friendly matches in the same year. Jurandir was called to be part of the Brazil's squad of the 1962 FIFA World Cup.
1962
Head coach: Sylvio Pirillo
1964
Head coach: Denoni Alves
References
Brazil national football team |
The Reports on the Education of the Lower Orders were published between 1816 and 1819 by a select committee of the House of Commons (Parliament of the United Kingdom) under the chairmanship of Henry Brougham. The committee made only the second ever government inquiry into education, as it comprehensively investigated the provision of education for poor working class children in Great Britain during the early 19th century. The reports exposed the inadequate provision of schooling and the maladministration of charitable funds given for educating the poor. It was eventually used to justify the first state intervention into English and Welsh education in 1833 when the treasury started to help fund the badly needed construction of new school-houses through an annual grant. It also started a parliamentary commission of inquiry into improving charitable foundations which eventually led to formation of present-day charities commission.
Background
In the early 19th century, most poor working class children were expected to work in factories or on farms at a very young age so received little or no education. In this environment, a debate was held in Society on whether the state should intervene and promote universal education, for instance along the lines of the Prussian education system, the case for such state intervention was comprehensively articulated by philosophers-of-the-age in their major works such as Adam Smith (Wealth of Nations), La Chalotais (Essay on National Education) and Tom Paine (Rights of Man). Education for the children of the poor was mainly provided by charities, led by two charitable societies: - the British & Foreign School Society and the Anglican National Society, who both advocated the use of the Monitorial System as a cheap and effective method to teach poor children. Although a degree of state support for education had existed in Scotland since 1633, and grants had recently been introduced in Ireland, there was none in England & Wales. Consequently Samuel Whitbread, a founder of the British & Foreign School Society submitted to parliament the Parochial Schools Bill in 1807 which tried to extend a similar system to that of the Scots, to the rest of Great Britain, this was blocked in parliament with the following arguments used to oppose the bill: -
Minimal State; - There existed a deep rooted idea that the state should not interfere in peoples live including the provision of education which should be left to the churches, charities and private schools.
Subservience; - It was thought that educating the working class would cause unrest, whereas the uneducated working class were more accepting of their place in society and their poor living and working conditions
Taxes; - Landowners and factory owners were against being forced to pay rates (taxes) for education, they argued this should be funded by benevolent voluntary donations
Secularisation; - The Anglican church was concerned that the state would eventually introduce secular education, taking away churches sway over education and so undermining the Anglican faith in future generations
Non-Conformists; - Non-conformists were concerned that state provided education would become dominated by Anglican denominational teaching, undermining their faiths for future generations
Although these arguments were used to successfully block this bill, it was clear from the parliamentary debate that a general sympathy had emerged in parliament for something to be done to improve education for poor children.
Parliamentary inquiry
After Whitbread's death by suicide in 1815, Henry Brougham who was also on the Lancastrian committee supporting the British & Foreign School Society, became the new de facto leader of the parliamentary group endeavouring to improve education for poor children. Subsequently, in May 1816, Brougham secured the appointment of a select committee to inquire into the education of the lower orders of the metropolis (London) under his chairmanship with the following remit: -
Membership of the committee
Reports
Findings
Charities
Education for poor children was mostly funded by charitable trusts, unfortunately the committee found high levels of abuse and maladministration in those charities, in particular in managing valuable endowments bequeathed by benevolent donors to fund the charity schools, this took many forms: -
Neglect; - Trustees were often negligent or careless in their management of charitable estates, for instance in failing to increase rents, this was partly explained by the fact they normally acted on a voluntary basis and were unpaid.
Limited Powers; - Trustees often had not been granted powers by the trust deed to manage estates efficiently, for instance to sell under-developed land for building purposes then use the proceeds to buy higher yielding alternative property.
Surplus; - Often the income from an estate would expand well beyond the amounts needed for its charitable purpose resulting in large unutilised surplus funds, the trustees had not the powers to expand the original charitable purpose.
No Trustees; - Some trust deeds had no clauses for appointment of new trustees so on the last trustees death the endowment trust would become unmanaged whilst others fell into the same situation accidentally when the last trustee did not appoint a successor before their death.
Diversion; - The clergy who were often the trustees sometimes diverted funds earmarked for the poor to teaching middle-class ecclesiastical subjects such as Latin & Greek needed for future clergymen
Under-funding; - Trustees sometimes under-funded their charity schools by hiring unqualified teachers, allowing schools to fall into disrepair or taking on very few scholars then embezzling the majority of the endowment income for themselves.
Nepotism; - Trustees sometimes rented estates out to family or friends at much reduced rents or vastly extended leases hence dispossessing the charity of income
Fraud; - Endowed assets were sometimes stolen through outright fraud.
Teachers;- Schoolmasters sometimes took funding including board and lodgings but taught no poor children in return.
Audits; - Charity auditors who were known as visitors were supposed to check that charitable trusts were acting appropriately, but some deeds never appointed visitors whilst in others, the visitors failed to carry out their duties.
Cases of such abuses and maladministration were most prominently publicised through speeches in parliament, the reports of the inquiries and the public letter from Brougham to Romilly of 20 August 1818, where examples were given for the following schools: - St. Bees, Winchester, Highgate, Pocklington, Brentwood, Mere, Spital, Yeovil, Huntingdon and Eton College. Furthermore, the final committee found anecdotal evidence that similar situations were likely to be found at all charities.
Educational provision
The basis for educating poor children
The very basic tenets for educating the poor had yet to become established in society so the committee presented the reasoning with evidence: -
Poor parents universally desired and sought to educate their children, dispelling any misconceptions which may have suggested otherwise
There was deemed to be a great public benefit to educating the poor, in particular to improve their morals through reading of scriptures & prayer books and to reduce crime.
Charity schools were applauded for the education they provided poor children, and by using the efficient Monitorial System, testaments estimated that £400,000 per annum would be sufficient to educate all the poor children in England.
Unfortunately, there was a substantive shortage of free or subsidised school places to educate poor children at charity schools.
Shortage of school-places
The committee endeavoured to quantify the shortage of both schools and school-places. The 1818 select committee had expanded its remit to include rural parishes, whereupon they discovered 3,500 of the 12,000 parishes with no school whatsoever. In addition, the extensive returns in the digest of parochial returns showed 650,000 children were educated, to of the total population of England. Edmund Halley's seminal demographic analysis of Breslau had suggested that the number of children of school-going age should be of the population, meanwhile the digest of parochial returns suggested that in England this ratio should be closer to of the population, making between to of the population (approx. one million) being children who required education, this meant that about 350,000 children were receiving no education.
Religious constraints
The majority of charitable schools were parochial schools including those of the largest charitable society, the Anglican National School Society, these schools would often only take children whose parents were members of the local church's congregation. In addition, these parochial schools had denominated religious teaching within their curriculum including the catechism of their theology which parents and clergy of other theologies would object to and so refuse to send their children to those schools. For instance Roman Catholics, Protestant Dissenters & Jews may refuse to send their children to an Anglican school which taught the Anglican catechism. This was not necessarily a problem in urban areas where the large populations could support many schools of different faiths but in small rural parishes where it was only economical for a single school to exist, this prevented children of some faiths from receiving any education.
The committee further noted that in Scotland there was a greater degree of homogeneity between their faiths than in England, people being predominantly Calvinist and Presbyterian, especially in the rural parishes. This meant that the parish schools inclusively allowed all children to attend and parents were happy to learn the catechisms taught in their local school as they would differ little to those of their own churches. England though had a wider diversity with Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Dissenting Protestants and Jews differing to an extent where children were not sent across the faith divide to be educated. The unfortunate consequence was that the much admired Scottish Parish school system which provided universal education, could not be easily copied to England & Wales as Whitbread had discovered with the failure of the Parochial Bill in 1807.
Recommendations
Main plan of persuasion
The committee needed to get about 350,000 poor children in England & Wales off the streets and into charity schools, which did not have sufficient school-places. They aimed to achieve this by better using the existing resources in the charity school system rather than by introducing a new public school system which had been opposed previously because of resistance to new taxes and the desire to have a minimal state. Two elements were needed to better exploit the resources in the charity school system, firstly the income from charitable sources could be increased by ending the endemic neglect & abuses at charitable trusts, and secondly charity schools could more efficiently provision extra school-places by increasing the use of the Monitorial system, the mantra being quantity over quality.
To achieve this plan, the committee were inclined to persuade charitable trustees and school masters to act differently by inculcating new ideas to them, the committee had proven through their own inquiries how the mere act of inquiry had changed the way charitable trustees and schools operated, hence the committee proposed two separate parliamentary commissions to continue the process of engaging charitable trustees and schools throughout the country. One commission was to look into the workings of the charities and the other the workings of the schools, as the commission for charities has to tackle corruption, Brougham proposed a stronger commission of remunerated full time itinerant commissioners with the powers to subpoena witnesses, take evidence under oath and demand documents under penalty of fine or imprisonment.
Erection of schoolhouses
For charity schools, their main cost was the salaries of schoolmasters but by persuading more schools to adopt the Monitorial system of Andrew Bell & Joseph Lancaster, a much larger number of poor children could be educated for the same cost, the main drawback was the need for schoolhouses with hall sized classrooms needed for the large classes of the Monitorial system. Notwithstanding the need to re-model school buildings, there was a chronic shortage of schoolhouses anyway and although charitable income was deemed sufficient for the ongoing expenses of charity schools, it was recognised that it was insufficient for the capital outlays needed to build new schoolhouses. The committee hence recommended that parliament should contribute to the construction of new school-houses. The committee left open two options for parliament on how these funds could be spent. Firstly, the monies could simply be spent with the two preeminent educational societies promoting the Monitorial system: - the British & Foreign School Society and the Anglican National School Society. Alternatively, the monies could additionally be directed to the mass of smaller, mainly parochial school societies but this would need Commissioners to agree terms, which invariably would have been to adopt the Monitorial system and to allow children of all denominations & faiths.
Removal of religious constraints
The other major act of persuasion needed was to coax all parochial schools to accept poor children of other faiths & denominations and to exempt such children from learning denominated catechisms and reading from the scriptures if it was religiously sensitive. This was only imperative in parishes which could only support a single school so children of all denominations needed to be able to attend that single school. This task of persuasion was to fall on the proposed parliamentary commission for the workings of the schools.
Rural parishes without schools
Unfortunately the committee also had to accept that this broad plan would not work in some rural parishes where there was no school, and the small populations meant charitable contributions were meagre and the economies of scale in the Monitorial system were unrealizable. The result was insufficient funds to educate the children of such rural parishes. So as an exception, the committee proposed to emulate the Scottish Parochial School system in these places by legislation so schools for rural parishes would be funded by taxation on the local landowners. As with Whitbread's Parochial Bill of 1807, the main issue once again was how to find a compromise acceptable to both the Anglican & Dissenting Protestant churches who were both strongly represented in parliament.
Outcomes
Charities
A Bill to appoint commissioners to inquire into the abuses in charities was passed in a limited form on 10 June 1818 (58 Geo. III), its remit was continuously widened and powers strengthened as periodically the commission was revived by parliament. This was in no small part due to the pressure caused by Brougham as he courted publicity for the subject through speeches in parliament, the publication of the reports and a public letter from Brougham to Romilly, which widely socialised the problems present in charities. The resulting commission became known as the Brougham Commission but neither Brougham nor any member of the committee were originally appointed as commissioners by the Tory government.
The commissions' investigations were to take twenty years and resulted in a survey of nearly 30,000 charities, documented in forty volumes of reports, published in six parts between 1837 and 1840 which eventually cost £250,000, the final report recommended the establishment of a permanent charity commission, which Parliament eventually adopted albeit not until 1853.
As expected by the Inquiry, the commission's investigatory process itself abated many evils in charity administration, mostly making it unnecessary to commence legal proceedings. Many trustees who had been ignorant of their duties or guilty of nonfeasance focused for the first time on their fiduciary obligations. This by itself improved the accountability of many charities. The Commissioners also offered technical assistance, mediated disputes, recommended changes in practices, offered suggestions and observations, and, where needed, occasionally threatened and browbeat trustees. Altogether 2,100 trusts were reformed or renovated in some way without legal retort. Unfortunately, 400 charities had to be referred to the Attorney General for prosecution, most of which were acted on, through the Court of Chancery. This left nearly ninety percent of those charities examined to be deemed to be in good order, albeit the mere existence of a charity commission and threat of inquiry was thought to have had salutary effect causing this good behaviour.
Educational provision
Whilst the recommendations on charities of the inquiry were generally accepted, they were mainly rejected in the field of general education.
Commission for education
Brougham's initial proposed commission into general education was struck down by the House of Lords and the subsequent reiteration for such a commission in the final report was never accepted. This left no mechanism to increase the numbers of children educated by promoting the monitorial system, or to persuade for the removal of religious constraints which were a barrier to education for some children.
Public education
Between 1820 and 1821, Brougham went on to make two attempts at implementing a state education system equivalent to the Scottish Parochial School system, but limited to the educationally deprived rural areas of England & Wales. These attempts were through the Education of the Poor Bill, the first attempt in 1820 failed due to resistance to the additional tax burden from such a scheme. In the second attempt in 1821, Brougham removed the tax burden and instead proposed to utilise excess funds from charitable endowments through two separate bills. This time the attempt failed because Protestant Dissenters felt Brougham had made too many compromises to the Anglican church so opposed the bills. Just like Whitbread before him, Brougham had been unable to find a compromise which appeased both the established Anglican church and the non-conformists.
Funding the construction of school-houses
The only success was the third recommendation from the committee, for parliament to fund the construction of school-houses. Even this recommendation had to wait over a decade until after Earl Grey's Whig government had replaced the Tory administration, helpfully a complement of the committee became ministers in the new government including Brougham himself who had become the Lord Chancellor. Despite the Whig majority, debates in parliament including a proposed resolution for National Education by John Roebuck evidenced the previous religious, tax & minarchy arguments still continued to oppose any progress in education.
The Whig government concluded that any parliamentary assistance for education had to be passed somewhat surreptitiously, so the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Althrop waited until mid-August 1833, a fortnight before the summer recess when few parliamentarians remained in the Commons. At 2am in the early hours of Friday 16 August 1833 at the very end of the Supply and Miscellaneous Estimates committee session and without any written notice to the committee, he sprung a surprise verbal resolution, proposing an annual grant of £20,000 for the construction of school-houses in accordance with the recommendations of the education committee fifteen years prior! Despite protests for a proper parliamentary debate with formal notice, and at a sensible time within a full house of commons, it was passed. The very next day, which was a Saturday, the supply of the grant was debated and passed with other finance measures in a sparse parliament by 50 votes for and 26 votes against (only 76 MPs out of a possible 658 were present).
Although the amount of the annual grant was small for its purpose, many historians have considered this a significant watershed moment in the history of education as state promotion of education had now started across the whole of the United Kingdom and would only expand with time. At the same time, as this had not been achieved through primary legislation by a dedicated act of parliament, so the government civil service needed to manage the educational monies, had to be set-up through secondary legislation in the form of the Privy council, this unsatisfactory state of affairs for education was then to persist until the 20th century.
Sources for the inquiries
The committee gathered information from the following sources: -
Responses to questionnaires from the committee
In 1816, questionnaires were sent out through a circular letter to a sample of charity schools in London.
In 1818, a refined questionnaire was sent out to the clergy of the 12,000 parishes in England & Wales, with replies received from 11,800. The returns were compiled into the fifteen hundred page, digest of parochial returns with the help of two Barristers of the Court of Chancery, this has become a major historical source today, the extract for the county of Rutland exemplifies their level of detail.
Charitable income assessment
The Return of Charitable Donations Act of 1786 obliged parishes to provide accurate figures on both poor law expenditure and charitable payments to the poor during the previous three years, these were known as the Gilbert Returns. On 17 June 1816, the poor return office in Whitehall responded to a request by the committee by providing the annual donations made to each school charity in the London area, consisting of the counties of Middlesex and Surrey, plus a summary for the surrounding home counties of Bedford, Kent and Berkshire.
The inquiries also obtained information on the levels of charitable donations and presence of endowments from the returns to the questionnaires.
Results from previous surveys and field studies
Door to door inquiries had been carried out by various organisations in certain poor districts, these were used to estimate the number of poor children who received no education, the largest surveys were by: - the Soup Institute in Spitalfields, the West London Lancastrian Society in Covent Garden, the Southwark School Auxiliary Society in Southwark, and the East London Auxiliary Sunday School Union Society in East London.
Interviews
The main source of information for the reports was interviews with a wide variety of individuals involved in the provision of education for poor children, such as schoolmasters and treasurers of the charitable societies providing education. In particular, Brougham already had an association with the West London Lancastrian Association and the British & Foreign School Society through his work on the Lancastrian Committee and their representatives were interviewed extensively. These interviews were documented in the minutes of evidence of the inquiry.
Unsolicited approaches
The inquiry generated a great a deal of public awareness as the committee and its members publicised the abuses at charities, this publicity in itself resulted in a large number of unsolicited letters and petitions from the public informing the committee of further abuses.
Documentation
Educational charities supplied example statutes, deeds of gifts and charters to the committee, of particular note was the statutes of Eton and both the college's of St. Johns and Trinity of Cambridge University.
As another example, the Bull Unigenitus was supplied as evidence of the sensitivity of the Roman Catholic church to the religious education of their children.
Notes
Citations
References
HANSARD
POLITICAL PUBLICATIONS
REPORTS
LEGISLATION
JOURNALS
NATIONAL ARCHIVES
PAPERS
THESES
BOOKS
INTERNET SITES
Government reports
Education in the United Kingdom
1810s documents
1810s in the United Kingdom |
Libberton is a village and historical parish in South Lanarkshire. The village is approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Quothquan and 2.3 miles (3.68 km) south-east of Carnwath. The nearest rivers are the South Medwyn River, the North Medwyn River and the River Clyde which lies the east of the village.
History
There are several prehistoric Hillforts in the area, including West Whitecastle. However, over centuries, West Whitecatle has been extensively disturbed by ploughing and tree planting. A carved stone dating to the late 13th or early 14th century has also been found within the fort at West Whitecastle Farm (just to the west) of Libberton. A camp earthwork with a circular enclosure lies to the east of the village at Bowmuir. Another earthwork is also near Libberton at Craigieburn. A polished greenstone axe was found there circa 1900 and this was purchased by the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland.
Libberton has a long history as an agricultural settlement. In 1660, the village was incorporated as a parish with Quothquan. Much of the parish was historically owned by the Lords Dalzell before being sold to Sir George Lockhart in 1676.
In 1811, the population of the village was recorded as 749 and by 1831 this had risen to 773. There were two Smithies in the town, the buildings are now in residential use.
In 1854, Liberton Mains farmhouse was built. The adjacent housing development at Libberon Mains was built after 2007 following an archeological survey. The surrounding area has several Cropmarks.
The village red telephone box is of the K6 design. It dates to 1935 and is Category B listed.
Church
Libberton parish church was built in 1812. The church is a congregation of the Church of Scotland. The church interior was refurbished in 1902. The 2 story manse was built in 1824 and is also Category B listed. In 1892, a medieval bronze cauldron was found near the Church and is now in the National Museum of Scotland.
Education
Libberton Primary School is located just outside the village on the Muir road to Quothquan.
References
Villages in South Lanarkshire |
Panorama is the oldest German current affairs television magazine, first aired on 4 June 1961. It is produced by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), and is aired every third week on Thursdays at 21:45, alternating with Monitor and by Das Erste. Anja Reschke has been moderator since 2001. It became popular, with often controversial topics leading to broader dscussions and legal consequences.
History
Panorama was initiated in 1961 by Rüdiger Proske, then director of the department of current events () of Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). It was designed following the model of the successful Panorama that the BBC had aired from 1953. It was the first political television magazine in Germany, aired by ARD. Spectacular reports made it popular and controversial.
In 2008, a new format began, Panorama – Die Reporter. Its reports about the textile company KiK, Carsten Maschmeyer and AWD received several awards. In 2012, an addition format began as a weekly magazine of the NDR, moderated by Susanne Stichler until 2021, and then by and Lea Struckmeier alternating.
Controversies
Cirital reports often caused legal persecution. After 1978 reports about the Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant, the NDR state contract was terminated
In 1962, police arrested a Panorama team in Geldern for filming for a report about a teacher who had been an SS guard under the Nazi regime. In fall the same year, members of the federal government criticised Panorama for "torpedoing" its measures ("Maßnahmen der Bundesregierung zu torpedieren").
In 1974, when Peter Merseburger ran the magazine, a report about an abortion by Alice Schwarzer, at the time a criminal act, was cancelled by authorities (Intendantenkonferenz) last minute. Merseburger did not moderate the broadcast in protest, and a speaker read his texts. In 1988, a lawyer of Oskar Lafontaine prevented a critical report four minutes bevor the broadcast began.einen kritischen Bericht nur vier Minuten vor Sendebeginn. In 1999, then-chancellor Helmut Kohl evaded a question from a Panorama reporter, saying that Panorama had nothing to do with journalism ("Ich habe überhaupt nicht die Absicht mit Ihnen 'n Interview (zu machen […] Sie sind doch von „Panorama“ […] Wissen's doch, was das heißt. Sie haben doch mit Journalismus nix zu tun.“).
Awards
In 2018, authors of Panorama received the Grimme-Preis for exceptional journalism () in the category "Information und Kultur" for a report of the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit. In March 2020, the Panorama authors and Jonas Schreijäg received the Grimme-Preis for their documentary SeaWatch3.
Moderators
(1961–1963)
Rolf Menzel (1961–1963)
Joachim Besser (1961–1963)
Rüdiger Proske (1961–1963)
(1963)
(1963)
(1963)
Walter Menningen (1963)
Guido Schütte (1963)
Dietrich Koch (1963–1964)
Eugen Kogon (1964)
Joachim Fest (1965–1966)
Peter Merseburger (1967–1975)
(1975–1976)
Ulrich Happel (1977)
(1978–1981)
(1981–1987)
(1987–1996)
(1997–2001)
Anja Reschke (from 2001)
Literature
Anja Reschke: Die Unbequemen. Wie Panorama die Republik verändert hat. Redline-Verlag, Munich 2011, , .
References
External links
External links
Das Panorama-Archiv (episodes from 50 years) NDR
Current affairs shows
Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Das Erste original programming
1961 establishments |
"Guilty Pleasure" is a song by Croatian singer Mia Dimšić. The song will represent Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin after winning the pre-selection competition Dora 2022.
Background and release
"Guilty Pleasure" was one of fourteen songs commissioned by HRT for Dora 2022, Croatia's national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. The song was composed by Branimir Bačić, Vjekoslav Dimter and Dimšić herself. "Guilty Pleasure" premiered on 10 February 2022, ten days ahead of Dora 2022, Croatia's national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. The song became available through digital retailers and streaming services on 20 February 2022 through Croatia Records.
As Dimšić herself told RTL Danas, Taylor Swift's 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore were major inspiration for the song. However, Dimšić was widely accused of plagiarizing Swift's 2020 single "Willow", mostly by social media users, such as Twitter and TikTok. Dimšić denied the accusations in an interview with 24sata, but acknowledged the comparisons as a compliment since she is a great admirer of Swift. On 25 February 2022, during an interview, Dimšić performed a mashup of her and Swift's songs, dubbing it "Guilty Willow".
At Eurovision
National selection
On 27 October 2021, HRT opened a submission period for artists and composers to send their entries to the broadcaster until 25 November 2021, later extending the deadline until 12 December 2021. On 17 December 2021, Dimšić was announced as one of the fourteen participants in Dora 2022 with the song "Guilty Pleasure". On 24 January 2022, HRT hosted the running order allocation draw on the local TV show with and Barbara Kolar as hosts. "Guilty Pleasure" was drawn to be performed 14th. In the final, held on 19 February 2022, she won the televote and jury vote, placing first with 257 points and thus earned the right to represent Croatia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.
In Turin
On 25 January 2022, an allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Croatia has been placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 10 May 2022, and has been scheduled to perform in the second half of the show.
Charts
Release history
References
2022 songs
2022 singles
Eurovision songs of 2022
Eurovision songs of Croatia
English-language Croatian songs
Songs involved in plagiarism controversies |
Domino Masters (stylized as DOMiNO Masters) is an upcoming American reality competition television series that is set to premiere on Fox on March 9, 2022. Each episode will feature teams of three building domino projects from a vast array of rectangular blocks and kinetic devices to meet both creative and practical goals set by the challenge for a particular episode. The show will be hosted by Eric Stonestreet, with Danica McKellar, Vernon Davis and Steven Price to serve as the show's judges.
Format
The series will follow teams consisting of three domino-building competitors, tasked with building creations out of domino pieces based on a given theme. Host Eric Stonestreet will be joined by three judges Danica McKellar, an actress, Vernon Davis, a former professional football player, and Steven Price, an expert domino artist, to encourage builders and introduce challenges. The judges will name the winning team's build advancing them to the next round. The season will culminate in a finale, in which top teams compete for a cash prize, a Domino Masters trophy, and the title of Domino Masters.
Production
In March 2021, it was announced that Fox had ordered the series with Eric Stonestreet as host.
Episodes
References
External links
2020s American reality television series
2022 American television series debuts
2020s American game shows
English-language television shows
Upcoming television series
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Television shows filmed in Los Angeles |
Yongji railway station () is a railway station in Yongji, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China. It is an intermediate stop on the Datong–Puzhou railway. It handles passengers and freight. The station was originally called Zhaoyi (), its name was changed in 1957.
References
Railway stations in Shanxi |
The 1997–98 season was Ulster Rugby's third season under professionalism, during which they competed in the Heineken Cupand the IRFU Interprovincial Championship.
The IRFU offered new contracts for provincial players for this season. Full-time players would receive a retainer of £25,000, plus a win bonus of £500 for Heineken Cup matches. Part-time players would be aid a retainer of £7,500, plus a match fee of £400 for Interprovincial matches and £800 for the Heineken Cup, and a win bonus of £450 for both competitions. Each province could have a maximum of 30 contracted players.
Mark McCall was offered a full-time contract, but turned it down and signed for London Irish, making him unavailable for Ulster this season.
Full-time contracts were also offered to Jan Cunningham and Stephen Bell, and part-time contracts to Clem Boyd (Bedford), Sheldon Coulter (Ballymena), Bryn Cunningham (Bective), Stuart Duncan (Malone), Rab Irwin (Ballymena), Stuart Laing (Portadown), Gary Leslie (Dungannon), Gary Longwell (Ballymena), Richard Mackey (Malone), Andrew Matchett (Ballymena), Denis McBride (Malone) Dean Macartney (Ballymena), Stephen McKinty (Bangor), Tony McWhirter (Ballymena), John Patterson (Dungannon) and Andy Ward (Ballynahinch).
After the departure of Tony Russ, Clive Griffiths was lined up to take over as head coach, but withdrew in the summer. Davy Haslett, a geography teacher teacher at RBAI, was offered the position on the eve of the 1997 Ireland A rugby union tour of Oceania, on which he was assistant coach. Between returning from that tour and a pre-booked famility holiday, he only had four weeks to work with the team before the season started. Charlie McAleese was appointed assistant coach, and John Kinnear team manager.
1997–98 Heineken Cup
Pool 2
1997–98 IRFU Interprovincial Championship
Top three teams qualify for next season's Heineken Cup.
Friendlies
Ulster Rugby Awards
The inaugural Guinness Ulster Rugby Awards dinner was held on 20 May 1998 at the Balmoral Conference Centre. Winners were:
Player of the year: Andy Ward
Personality of the year: Andy Ward
Club of the year: Ballynahinch RFC
Coach of the year: Charlie McAleese, Dromore High School
Youth player of the year: Diarmuid O'Kane, St Colman's College, Newry
Schools player of the year: Andy Hughes, Royal School Dungannon
Dorrie B. Faulkner Memorial Award: Ken Reid, former IRFU president and Ireland team manager
References
1997-98
1997–98 in Irish rugby union
1997–98 Heineken Cup |
Sarah Taillebois (born 17 September 1990) is a French politician who was Member of Parliament for Val-de-Marne's 9th constituency for a day in 2020.
References
1990 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Women mayors of places in France
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
21st-century French politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
People from Vitry-sur-Seine |
The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute also referred to as the Wilmer Eye Institute is a component of Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Ophthalmologist William Holland Wilmer opened the Wilmer Eye Institute in 1925, its home was completed four years later. Wilmer received an M.D. degree from the University of Virginia in 1885 and worked in New York, Washington D.C., in addition to Baltimore, where he established the institute. Alan C. Woods succeeded Wilmer as director in 1934. The third director, A. Edward Maumenee succeeded Woods in 1955. Arnall Patz became the fourth director in 1979. Morton F. Goldberg became director in 1989.
References
Johns Hopkins Hospital |
The Boufarik colonization monument was a monument celebrating French colonization in Boufarik, Algeria. It was erected in 1930 and demolished in 1962.
History
The monument was erected in 1930 to mark the 100th anniversary of the French Invasion of Algiers in 1830. Boufarik was chosen as its site because of its location at the heart of the fertile Mitidja plain, following a narrative according to which the region prosperous agriculture demonstrated the value of the colonization project.
The monument was designed by sculptors Henri Bouchard and with architect Xavier Salvador, in the Art Deco style that was dominant at the time. On , their project won the design competition organized by the that coordinated the centenary celebrations. It took the shape of a massive wall, 9 meters high and 45 meters wide, at the western end of Boufarik's main thoroughfare, now N61 road, whose eastern end was (and still is) the town's central church. On the wall stood an inscription in colossal capital letters, "[dedicated] to the French colonizing genius" (), with a text in smaller letters beneath that read "to the heroes, to the pioneers of civilization, to the makers of greater France" (). At the center stood a group of standing larger-than-life figures in high relief, representing military leaders Thomas Robert Bugeaud and Louis Juchault de Lamoricière; leading figures of the Mitidja colonization endeavor such as Pierre-Martin Borély de La Sapie, Maurice de Franclieu, Maximilien de Tonnac, Augustin de Vialar; and local pro-French leader Hadj Allal ben-Bouzéid ben Chaoua. Below them was a bas-relief frieze representing scenes from the rural life of the Mitidja.
The monument was inaugurated on by French President Gaston Doumergue, with numerous notables including Louis Franchet d'Espèrey attending.
It was entirely demolished in July 1962 following Algerian independence at the end of the Algerian War.
See also
Reformation Wall
Memorial to the Liberation of Algeria
Notes
French Algeria
Art Deco sculptures and memorials
French colonisation in Africa |
The 1938 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team was an American football team that represented Oglethorpe University as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach John W. Patrick, the Stormy Petrels compiled a 2–8 record.
Schedule
References
Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football seasons
Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football |
Chloe Williams (born 22 December 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Blackburn Rovers in the FA Women's Championship, on loan from FA WSL team Manchester United. Born in England, she has represented the Wales national team.
Club career
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Williams joined the Wolverhampton Wanderers academy aged 15 having started playing age 6 with local team Great Wyrley FC and later West Bromwich Albion. On 17 December 2017, Williams made her Wolves first team debut in an FA Cup second round defeat against Brighouse Town.
Manchester United
In July 2019, Williams joined FA WSL club Manchester United, initially as part of the club's under-21 squad but was named in a senior matchday squad for the first time on 20 October 2019 as an unused substitute for a League Cup group game against Manchester City.
Blackburn Rovers loan
On 14 November 2021, Williams joined Blackburn Rovers of the FA Women's Championship on loan for the season.
International career
Youth
Eligible to play for both England and Wales, Williams first attended trials for the Welsh national team following encouragement from her college tutor in July 2017. She went on to represent Wales at under-19 level, appearing in 2018 and 2019 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification.
Senior
In November 2018, Williams received her first senior call-up for friendlies against Portugal but was later forced to withdraw. A year later, Williams received her first competitive senior call-up for the UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifier against Northern Ireland in November 2019. She made her senior debut on 19 February 2022 against Belgium in the 2022 Pinatar Cup.
Career statistics
Club
.
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 19 February 2022.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Walsall
English women's footballers
Welsh women's footballers
Wales women's international footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Wolverhampton Wanderers W.F.C. players
Manchester United W.F.C. players
FA Women's National League players |
Perth Free Presbyterian Church is located in Perth, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Standing on Pomarium Street, in the southwestern corner of the city centre, it was completed in 1939. It is now a Category C listed building. The church was designed by local architect William Erskine Thomson.
A "distinctive, little-altered, well-detailed church," it is notable for its crowstepped gables and steep pedimented dormerheads.
The church and adjoining flat were originally built as a hall and caretaker's flat for the Forteviot Charitable Trust in what was then a run-down area of Perth.
See also
List of listed buildings in Perth, Scotland
References
Category C listed buildings in Perth and Kinross
Listed churches in Scotland
Free Presbyterian
1939 establishments in Scotland
Listed buildings in Perth, Scotland |
Phymaturus felixi is a species of lizard in the family Liolaemidae. It is from Argentina.
References
felixi
Lizards of South America
Reptiles of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Reptiles described in 2010 |
Last Pizza Slice, also known simply as LPS, is a Slovenian band. They will represent Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with their single "Disko".
Career
The band was formed in December 2018 in the music room of the Grammar School Celje-Center.
2022: Eurovision Song Contest 2022
Slovenia's broadcaster for the Eurovision Song Contest, Radiotelevizija Slovenija, announced on 26 November 2021 that Last Pizza Slice were selected as one of 24 entrants to have a chance to represent Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. The band would win the third duel of the contest, beating out Neli Jerot's song "Magnum opus" to move on to the final round. Last Pizza Slice also won in the final, and as a result, will represent Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.
Members
Filip Vidušin – singer
Gašper Hlupič – drums
Mark Semeja – electric guitar
Zala Velenšek – bass, tenor and alto saxophone
Žiga Žvižej – electronic keyboard
References
External links
Slovenian musical groups
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Slovenia
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2022 |
Kamilla Kozuback (born 5 May 2004 Calgary) is a Hungarian-Canadian snowboarder. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's big air, Women's slopestyle, and Women's halfpipe.
She competed at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, and 2021–22 FIS Snowboard World Cup.
References
2004 births
Hungarian female snowboarders
Living people
Snowboarders at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders of Hungary
Snowboarders at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics |
Arne Elsholtz (August 14, 1944 – April 26, 2016) was a German voice actor and dialogue director. He was one of the most well-known dubbing actors in Germany and he was also responsible for directing the German dubs of some international productions.
Biography
Elsholtz was born in Pritzwalk to actors Peter Elsholtz and Karin Vielmetter and he was the younger brother of actress Edith Elsholtz. Due to the connections his father had in the acting industry, Elsholtz began training as an actor with Marlise Ludwig in Berlin, where he would later act on stage. He eventually found a talent for dubbing and directing voices since 1964 and he quickly built up a reputation as one of the most powerful voice dubbers in Germany. Among the actors he dubbed included Tom Hanks, Bill Murray, Jeff Goldblum, Kevin Kline and Eric Idle.
Elsholtz dubbed Hanks in his award-winning performances, which includes Philadelphia and Forrest Gump. His other roles include Steve Guttenberg and Matt McCoy's roles in the Police Academy films. He also dubbed Joseph Marcell's role as Geoffrey Butler in The Fresh Prince of Bel Air (from which he also served as a dialogue director) and Sam Hui as King Kong in Aces Go Places. He dubbed many of Eric Idle's roles in many of the Monty Python films.
In Elsholtz's animated dub roles, he provided the German voice of Manny in the Ice Age films (excluding the fifth film, as he passed away before the German dub production was complete) and Hades in the 1997 Disney film Hercules and the subsequent television series as well as Lord Macintosh in Brave and Tom Hanks' characters in The Polar Express.
As a voice director, Elsholtz had directed the German voice dubs of many foreign films and television shows. These include The Godfather Saga, The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and many more. His career was an actor was rare, but he had on-screen appearances on Escape from East Berlin. He also served as a commentator and announcer for commercials and radio shows such as Verona Pooth's Sat.1 variety show. From 2001 until 2003, he provided the German commentary for the Wer wird Millionär? video games.
Death
Elsholtz died in a Berlin hospital on April 26, 2016, at the age of 71. He was survived by his daughter, Sissi.
References
External links
Arne Elsholtz at Behind the Voice Actors
1944 births
2016 deaths
People from Pritzwalk
German male voice actors
German male stage actors
German male radio actors
German male television actors
German male film actors
German voice directors
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors |
Subwoolfer is a Norwegian pop duo that will represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with "Give That Wolf a Banana" after winning Melodi Grand Prix 2022. The identities of the two are not known but they call themselves Keith and Jim.
History
On 10 January 2022, NRK revealed that Subwoolfer would compete in , the Norwegian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. They didn't reveal their identities, and wore a wolf mask, gloves and suit during their performances. The band's name is a combination of the words subwoofer and wolf.
The duo published a fictional story about their origins, that states that the duo was formed 4.5 billion years ago on the moon, they also have claimed that they're the biggest band in the galaxy on their social media accounts. A number of speculations have been raised and posted on social media about the identity of the duo members. Among the names attributed to the duo are Gaute Ormåsen, Ben Adams and the Ylvis brothers.
Subwoolfer were announced as part of the artists who were pre-qualified for , with the song "Give That Wolf a Banana". They were scheduled to perform their song on 29 January 2022, in the third heat of the competition, but due to a positive COVID-19 test their performance was cancelled. Instead, they performed their song in the fourth heat, and NorthKid performed in the third heat. They performed it again in the final, on 19 February, and went on to win the competition with 368,106 votes.
Upon winning the national final, Subwoolfer became Norway's representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, and are set to perform in the second half of the first semi-final on 10 May 2022 in Turin, Italy.
On 11 February 2022, they released a Valentine's Day version of their song named "Give That Wolf a Romantic Banana".
They will be the second masked musicians to perform in the Eurovision Song Contest, and also the first masked musicians in the contest for the last 15 years.
Discography
Singles
References
Norwegian musical groups
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Norway
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2022
Melodi Grand Prix contestants
Melodi Grand Prix winners
Masked musicians |
Pir Ali (also written as Pirali) is a holy person in the Yazidi belief. The Çelka-Yazidis celebrate the Batizmi festival in his honor.
Pir Ali is also considered to be the incarnation of Melek Taus (Tawusî Melek).
According to Yazidi tradition, Pir Ali came to the Yazidi villages of Tur Abdin and performed miracles there. He is said to have brought a cow that had already been slaughtered and cut into seven parts back to life and thus convinced the Yazidis of his abilities.
References
Yazidi saints |
Adelbert Chamisso Baur, sometimes spelled Bauer (January 11, 1900 – January 18, 1931) was an American football tackle and stock broker who played one game in the National Football League (NFL) for the Racine Legion. He played college football at Illinois.
Early life and education
Baur was born on January 11, 1900, in Illinois. He attended Carl Schurz High School in Chicago, and after graduating from there, played college football at the University of Illinois. He was described by coach Robert Zuppke in 1922 as one of "the best [players] at the present time."
Professional career
After graduating in 1923, Baur was signed to play professional football in the National Football League (NFL) by the Racine Legion. He played the tackle position, and was reported as 6 feet, 2 inches tall, and 210 pounds. Baur appeared in one game during the season, starting in his one appearance, as the Legion finished the season with a record of 4–4–2, tenth place in the league.
Later life and death
In 1928, Baur was named a member of the Chicago Stock Exchange and organized A. C. Baur & Co. On January 18, 1931, Baur committed suicide at his home in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune reported, "Dr. Emil F. Baur. 2536 Smalley court, father of the broker [A. C. Baur], said he believed his son had suffered a nervous breakdown from worry and overwork. Dr. Baur said his son had no domestic or financial worries, but had been depressed about the reorganization of his company, which was to have taken place Feb. 1. [1931]."
References
1900 births
1931 deaths
1931 suicides
American football tackles
Players of American football from Illinois
Racine Legion players
Suicides by firearm in Illinois |
Phymaturus fiambala is a species of lizard in the family Liolaemidae. It is from Argentina.
References
fiambala
Lizards of South America
Reptiles of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Reptiles described in 2019 |
"Give That Wolf a Banana" is a single by Norwegian duo Subwoolfer. The song will represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy after winning Melodi Grand Prix 2022, Norway's national final.
Eurovision Song Contest
Melodi Grand Prix 2022
About one week after the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, NRK officially opened for songwriters to submit entries for 2022. The submission window was set to close on 15 August 2021, but was later extended to 15 September 2021. The competition was open to all songwriters, and each songwriter could submit up to three songs. Each song should have had at least one Norwegian contributor, in order to "prioritize and promote the Norwegian music scene". In addition to the open submission, NRK also looked for possible entries through targeted search and direct dialogue with the Norwegian music industry. In late November 2021, it was reported that 21 entries had been selected to take part in the contest. Originally, the lineup of participating artists was scheduled to be revealed on 6 January 2022, and their entries at a later time; however, it was later decided they would be announced together on 10 January.
The song would be one of five pre-qualified entrants to be in the final. The final would take place on 19 February 2022. The song would move on to the Gold Final, along with three others. The song would make it into the top two to move on to the Gold Duel. The song would eventually win the Gold Duel, and as a result, will represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 25 January 2022, an allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Norway has been placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 10 May 2022, and has been scheduled to perform in the second half of the show.
Charts
References
2022 singles
2022 songs
Eurovision songs of Norway
Eurovision songs of 2022
Songs about wolves |
Urška Pribošič (born 26 July 1990) is an Slovenian snowboarder. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's big air, Women's halfpipe, and Women's slopestyle.
She competed at the 2021–22 FIS Snowboard World Cup.
References
External links
Lipstick Productions presents No Place Like Home - Urska Pribosic | SNOWBOARDER Magazine
1990 births
Slovenian female snowboarders
Living people
Snowboarders at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders of Slovenia |
Santa Maria Regina Pacis a Ostia Lido is a 20th-century parochial church and titular church in Ostia, southwest of Rome, dedicated to Mary, Queen of Peace.
History
In 1916, it was suggested to Vincenzo Vannutelli, Bishop of Ostia, to construct a church to Our Lady, Queen of Peace, in order to pray for an end to the First World War.
The church was built in 1919–28. It has been visited by Pope Paul VI (1968), Pope John Paul II (1980) and Pope Francis (2015).
The church was made a titular church on 5 March 1973 to be held by a cardinal-priest.
Titulars
James Darcy Freeman (1973–1991)
Paul Joseph Phạm Đình Tụng (1994–2009)
Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya (2010–2021)
Building
In basilica form with side chapels and transept. The nave is covered by a round vault divided into sections, sculpted by the lunettes of the side windows. The internal columns are high under the cornice, in imitation hammered travertinewith octagonal plinths and Corinthian capitals.
References
External links
Titular churches
Rome Q. XXXIV Lido di Ostia Levante
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1928
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Renaissance Revival architecture in Italy
Baroque Revival architecture |
Julia Lesley Wilson is a British scientist who serves as associate director at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. Her research career investigates transplant rejection, cancer and inflammation. She previously worked at the World Cancer Research Fund and Breakthrough Breast Cancer.
Early life and education
Wilson grew up in Northumberland. She became interested in biology whilst at high school, and enjoyed working with the microscopes in the science labs. She studied microbiology as an undergraduate at Newcastle University, and was the first member of her family to attend university. She joined John Kirby's research group as a PhD student where she worked on kidney transplantation and why they were rejected by the immune system.
Research and career
After earning her doctorate, Wilson moved to the Karolinska Institute as a postdoctoral researcher where she worked alongside Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren on transplant rejection. Whilst Wilson enjoyed working in Sweden, she has said that she initially lost confidence during her time in Stockholm because she was less experienced than her colleagues. Wilson returned to the United Kingdom in 1999 and was appointed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. She was mentored by Fran Balkwill and worked on cancer and inflammation. Wilson realised that she did not want pursue an academic career, and ended up applying for various non-academic jobs. She was made scientific programme manager at the World Cancer Research Fund.
After a few years, Wilson joined Breakthrough Breast Cancer, where she worked on research management. During her time at Breakthrough, the charity discovered PARP inhibitors, target cancer drugs that can be used to treat ovarian cancer. She was selected to take park in a clinical placement course, during which time she shadowed a medical team. The placement was designed to bridge the gap between clinical science and patient care. The placement made her aware of the disconnect between drug discovery and the clinic.
Wilson to joined Wellcome Sanger Institute as associate director in 2014.
Selected publications
Her publications include:
Multiple actions of the chemokine CXCL12 on epithelial tumor cells in human ovarian cancer
Macrophages induce invasiveness of epithelial cancer cells via NF-kappa B and JNK
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha generates an autocrine tumor-promoting network in epithelial ovarian cancer cells
References
Living people
British oncologists
British microbiologists
Alumni of Newcastle University
People from Northumberland
21st-century British scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
British women scientists |
Joseph Wilson Duncan (June 20, 1853 – May 14, 1912) was a United States Army Brigadier General whose final tour of duty was as the 1911–12 commandant of Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
Early life
He was born June 20, 1853, to then-Captain and Mrs. Thomas Duncan, a United States Army family stationed at Fort Ewell, in what later became La Salle County, Texas. At the time, the area was part of the Nueces Strip, a contested borderland, inhabited by native Americans and Mexicans. The fort was decommissioned a year after Duncan's birth.
During the American Civil War, his father was the Union army commander of Fort Craig, New Mexico, in charge of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment forces at the Battle of Valverde, New Mexico. The family relocated to Nashville, Tennessee during the Reconstruction era, where young Joseph witnessed the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
Education and military service
Following his graduation from Columbian College in Washington. D.C. Duncan received an appointment on May 10, 1878, as a Second Lieutenant, 21st U. S. Infantry. His succeeding appointments were: Regimental Adjutant, 15 March 1887 to 24 April 1888, Captain, 24 April 1888, Major, 13th U. S. Infantry, 2 March 1899, Lieutenant Colonel, 13th U. S. Infantry, 16 October 1901, Breveted First Lieutenant, 27 February 1890 for gallant service in action at Battle of the Clearwater against Indians, 11 and 12 July 1877, Second Lieutenant , First Lieutenant , and Captain, Twenty – first Infantry; Major and Lieutenant – Colonel, Thirteenth Infantry; Colonel, Sixth Infantry and General Staff Corps. He also participated in the March 5–8, 1906 First Battle of Bud Dajo.
Death
Duncan was named commandant of Fort Sam Houston in 1911, and died there May 14, 1912. He was buried with honors at Arlington National Cemetery.
Fort Sam Houston was temporarily put under the command of Brigadier General Edgar Zell Steever II at Fort Bliss 4th Cavalry Regiment in the El Paso District. Steever reported, "Since Gen. Duncan's death, my time has been completely taken up with conditions along the Mexican border..." Tasker H. Bliss took over as commandant of Fort Sam Houston on February 26, 1913.
See also
Pershing House
References
1853 births
1912 deaths
Military personnel from Texas
People from Texas |
Seoča is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 604.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Phymaturus indistinctus is a species of lizard in the family Liolaemidae. It is from Argentina.
References
indistinctus
Lizards of South America
Reptiles of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Reptiles described in 1973 |
Hanne Kjoll Eilertsen (born 23 March 1999) is a Norwegian snowboarder. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's big air and Women's slopestyle.
She competed at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics, and 2021–22 FIS Snowboard World Cup.
References
1999 births
Norwegian female snowboarders
Norwegian people of Korean descent
Living people
Sportspeople from Daegu
Snowboarders at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders of Norway
Snowboarders at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Norwegian adoptees
South Korean adoptees
South Korean emigrants to Norway |
Hakam Ali Khan (born 20 March 1966 ) is an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He is currently the Chairman Of Waqf Development Council Rajasthan, also a Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency). He was appointed as the General Secretary Of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee in Jan 2021.
References
External links
Living people
1966 births
Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan |
Smršnica is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 264.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Houma North railway station () is a freight railway station in Houma, Linfen, Shanxi, China. It is an intermediate stop on the Datong–Puzhou railway. It is said to be the largest marshalling yard in North China.
References
Railway stations in Shanxi |
The Ministry of Interior of Morocco is a department of the Government of Morocco in charge of the country's interior affairs.
Headquarters in Rabat
The headquarters of the ministry in Rabat is the former seat of the Resident-general in the French protectorate in Morocco. It is located on a prominent position to the south of the walled city of Rabat, east of the Dar al-Makhzen royal palace. Hubert Lyautey, the first Resident-General, chose this hilltop site for his residence, overlooking the ancient site of Chellah which lies immediately to its south. The complex was designed from 1916 by French architect Albert Laprade, who resided in Morocco from 1917 to 1919, and completed in 1924.
See also
Government of Morocco
Embassy of France, Tunis, former seat of France's Resident-general in the French protectorate of Tunisia
Notes
Interior
Morocco
Government of Morocco |
Šošnje is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 142.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Ekaterina Kosova (born 25 April 1996) is a Russian snowboarder. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's big air.
She competed at the 2021–22 FIS Snowboard World Cup.
References
External links
Ekaterina Kosova Photos - Getty Images
1996 births
Russian female snowboarders
Living people
Snowboarders at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders of Russia |
Srhinje is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,367.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
The premiership of Jean Chrétien began on November 4, 1993, when the first Cabinet headed by Jean Chrétien was sworn in by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn. Chrétien was invited to form the 26th Canadian Ministry and become prime minister of Canada following the Liberal Party's majority government victory in the 1993 federal election. After serving as prime minister for over a decade and leading the Liberals to two additional majorities in 1997 and 2000, Chrétien was succeeded by his finance minister, Paul Martin, on December 12, 2003.
Background
Jean Chrétien served in the Cabinet of Prime Ministers Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau. He contested the leadership of the Liberal Party to succeed Trudeau in the 1984 leadership election, but came in second place to his former Cabinet colleague John Turner. After Turner led the Liberals to two consecutive defeats in the 1984 and 1988 federal elections, Chrétien became leader of the Liberals in the 1990 leadership election. He led the party to a strong majority government in the 1993 federal election. He then led the party to two additional majorities in the elections of 1997 and 2000.
On November 4, 1993, Chrétien was appointed by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn as prime minister. While Trudeau, Joe Clark, and Mulroney had been relative political outsiders prior to becoming prime minister, Chrétien had served in every Liberal cabinet since 1965. This experience gave him knowledge of the Canadian parliamentary system, and allowed Chrétien to establish a very centralized government that, although highly efficient, was also lambasted by critics such as Jeffrey Simpson and the media as being a "friendly dictatorship" and intolerant of internal dissent. Chrétien liked to present himself as the heir to Trudeau, but his governing style had little in common with the intense bouts of governmental activism that had characterised the Trudeau era. The Chrétien government had a cautious, managerial approach to governing, reacting to issues as they arose, and was otherwise inclined to inactivity.
Tenure (1993–2003)
Quebec
1995 Quebec referendum
One of Chrétien's main concerns in office was separation of the province of Quebec, which was ruled by the sovereigntist Parti Québécois for nearly the entirety of his term. When the 1995 Quebec independence referendum began in September, Chrétien was relaxed and confident of victory as polls showed federalist forces were leading by a wide margin. On October 8, 1995, Lucien Bouchard replaced the separatist premier of Quebec, Jacques Parizeau, as the de facto chair of the oui committee and, at that point, the support for the side started to dramatically increase, aided by the committee's complacency (they had been taking victory for granted). Unlike the "hard separatist" Parizeau (for whom nothing less than a totally independent Quebec republic would have sufficed), the "soft separatist" Bouchard argued for sovereignty association, which turned out to be a more appealing vision of the future to many Québécois. However, Chrétien considered the replacement of Parizeau with Bouchard a sign of weakness; it was only as October went on that he realized Bouchard was a much more formidable opponent than Parizeau.
In the weeks leading to the referendum on October 30, 1995, the federal government was seized with fear and panic as polls showing that, under the leadership of Bouchard, the oui side was going to win. An additional problem for the non side occurred when the Gaullist president of France, Jacques Chirac, stated in a TV interview that France would not only recognize an independent Quebec at once, but also use its influence within the European Union to have the other EU nations recognize Quebec as well, a statement that boosted support for the oui side. Such was Chrétien's alarm at Chirac's remark that the prime minister—who normally fiercely resented anything that smacked of American interference in Canadian internal affairs in the slightest—lobbied U.S. President Bill Clinton behind the scenes for an American statement in favor of a united Canada. Chrétien's efforts paid off, and Clinton not only came out very strongly for the federalist side in a TV interview, but also stated that an independent Quebec would not automatically became a member of NAFTA as the oui side was claiming.
With the federalist forces in open disarray and the polls showing that the oui side was going to win, Fisheries Minister Brian Tobin suggested organizing a gigantic "unity rally" in Montreal. The Unity Rally took place on October 27, 1995, when 100,000 people showed up. On the night of the referendum, the prospect of victory by the oui side was so realistic that Defence Minister David Collenette ordered the military to begin contingency plans to defend federal property in Quebec from a separatist take-over. On October 30, 1995, the federalist non side won by the narrowest of margins, with 50.58%. Chrétien blamed the narrow victory on the Quebec Liberals under Johnson, whom he claimed had betrayed him, argued the federalists would have done much better if only he had intervened in the referendum earlier, and presented the non case in terms of Trudeau-style "hard federalism" instead of the "soft federalist" non case presented by Johnson, which depicted the benefits of Confederation in purely economic terms and had a strongly nationalist (albeit federalist) tone of language.
Aftermath of referendum
On November 5, 1995, six days after the referendum, Chrétien and his wife escaped injury when André Dallaire, armed with a knife, broke in the prime minister's official residence at 24 Sussex Drive. Aline Chrétien shut and locked the bedroom door until security came, while Chrétien held a stone Inuit carving in readiness. Dallaire was
a separatist who was angered by the result of the referendum.
In the aftermath of the narrow victory in the referendum, Chrétien started in late 1995 a new policy of "tough love", also known as "Plan B", where the federal government sought to discredit Quebec separatism by making it clear to the people of Quebec how difficult it would be to leave Canada. Though Chrétien had promised to enshrine recognition of Quebec as a "distinct society" in the constitution in order to win the referendum, this promise was quickly forgotten in the aftermath of victory with Chrétien arguing that the very vocal opposition of Ontario Premier Mike Harris to amending the constitution to recognize Quebec as a "distinct society" made that impossible. Instead, Chrétien had Parliament pass a resolution recognizing Quebec as a "distinct society", which had no constitutional force and was only a symbolic step. Though Harris's promise to veto any sort of "distinct society" clause in the constitution made fulfilling Chrétien's commitment to put such a clause into the constitution impossible, Chrétien did not seem to champion the idea of a "distinct society" clause with any great conviction.
In early 1996, the federal government launched an advertising program to increase the presence of Canada in Quebec, a policy that Chrétien believed would avoid a repeat of the near-defeat of 1995, and was to lead eventually to the Sponsorship scandal. As part of his "Plan B" for combatting Quebec separatism, in a speech in January 1996, Chrétien endorsed the idea of partitioning Quebec in the event of a oui vote in another referendum, stating all of the regions of Quebec that voted non would remain part of Canada, regardless of what the Quebec separatists thought. On February 15, 1996, Chrétien was confronted by a protester, Bill Clennett, during a walkabout in Hull, Quebec. Chrétien responded with a choke-hold. The press referred to it as the "Shawinigan handshake" (from the name of his home town).
Clarity Act
After the 1995 referendum very narrowly defeated a proposal on Quebec sovereignty, Chrétien started to champion what eventually become the Clarity Act as part of his "Plan B". In August 1996, the lawyer Guy Bertrand won a ruling in a Quebec court declaring that the sovereignty question was not just a political matter between the federal and Quebec governments, but also a legal matter subject to court rulings. Following that ruling, Chrétien decided that here was a means of defeating the Quebec sovereignty movement and, in September 1996, ordered the Justice Minister Allan Rock to take the question of the legality of Quebec separating to the Supreme Court. Stéphane Dion advised Chrétien that, if the federal government won the reference to the Supreme Court as expected, the government should draft a bill stating the precise rules for Quebec to leave—telling Chrétien if the people of Quebec could be shown how difficult it would be to leave, then support for separatism would fall. Along the same lines, Dion started to send much-publicised open letters to Quebec ministers questioning the assumptions behind the separatist case.
In December 1999 the Chrétien government tabled the Clarity Act, which passed Parliament in June 2000. The Clarity Act, which was Chrétien's response to his narrow victory in the 1995 referendum requires that no Canadian government may acknowledge any province's declaration of independence unless a "clear majority" supports a "clear question" about sovereignty in a referendum, as defined by the Parliament of Canada, and a constitutional amendment is passed. The size of a "clear majority" is not specified in the Act. After the Clarity Act had passed by the House of Commons in February 2000, a poll showed that the federalist forces enjoyed a 15 percent lead in the polls on the question if Quebec should become independent, which Chrétien argued meant that the sovereignty option was now effectively off the table as Bouchard had always said he would only call another referendum if he could obtain "winning conditions", which he plainly did not possess at the moment.
Domestic affairs
Chrétien appointed his nephew, Raymond, as Canadian ambassador to the United States in 1994.
In November 1997, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit was held on the University of British Columbia (UBC) campus in Vancouver. Students on UBC's campus protested the meeting of some of these leaders because of their poor human rights practices. One of the leaders most criticized was Indonesian President Suharto. Demonstrators tore down a barrier and were pepper-sprayed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Other peaceful demonstrators were subsequently pepper-sprayed as well. There was debate over whether the action was necessary. Suharto had made clear that his coming to Canada was dependent upon his "dignity" not being insulted by any demonstrators. In response to Suharto's concerns about his "dignity" being called into question by protests, he had been promised by the Canadian government that no protesters would be allowed to get close and in early August 1997, the RCMP was informed by the PMO that the prime minister did not wish for any "distractions" at the up-coming conference. During the protests, a First Nations leader claimed to have overheard Chrétien giving orders to the RCMP to remove the signs protesting against the human rights violations in China and Indonesia at once before Suharto or Jiang had a chance to see them. Allegations soon arose that someone in the Prime Minister's Office or Chrétien himself gave the go-ahead for the pepper-spraying of protesters. Chrétien denied any involvement, and it has never been proven. On August 7, 2001, the APEC report was issued by Judge Ted Hughes, which cleared Chrétien of wrongdoing, but stated that Jean Carle of the PMO had improperly pressured the RCMP to attack the protesters. Hughes concluded that the RCMP had used excessive force that was in violation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Hughes ruled that the use of force by the RCMP had gone beyond the legitimate security need to protect the visiting leaders at the APEC summit, and was intended to silence the protests altogether, which thus violated the right to freedom of expression guaranteed to all Canadians by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
In April 1998, the government attracted much criticism when the Health Minister Allan Rock waged a successful battle to limit the number of Canadians stricken with Hepatitis C through government negligence who could collect compensation for their suffering. Rock had wanted to compensate all of the hepatitis C victims, but was overruled by Chrétien, who told him the government would compensate only those afflicted between 1986 and 1990. Liberal backbencher Carolyn Bennett was later to claim in an interview that it was unconscionable on the part of Chrétien to refuse to compensate all of the hepatitis C victims, and then to spend $57 million in legal fees in a successful effort to stop hepatitis C activists from getting a ruling from the courts to compensate all victims.
In August 1999, the Anglo-Canadian media magnate Conrad Black was due to receive a British peerage. Two days before Black was to receive his title, Chrétien advised the Queen not to accord Black a title of nobility, citing the 1917 Nickle Resolution, where the Canadian House of Commons asked King George V not to grant any titles of nobility or knighthoods to Canadians, and thereby ensured that Black was not raised to the peerage as he was expecting to be. However, the Nickle resolution like all parliamentary resolutions was only symbolic, was in no way legally binding on Chrétien and several Canadians had been either knighted or raised to the House of Lords after 1917. Many saw Chrétien's blocking Black from a peerage not as a case of the prime minister merely enforcing the Nickle Resolution as Chrétien claimed, but rather as an act of revenge for the often critical coverage that Chrétien received from the National Post, which was owned by Black at that time. By contrast, Chrétien's close associate Eddie Goldenberg was later to claim that Chrétien cared deeply about the Nickle Resolution, and would have had blocked Black from being raised to the peerage even if the National Post were more friendly to him. Black, who felt humiliated by this episode, sued Chrétien for what he alleged to be an abuse of power, leading to the legal case of Black v. Chrétien. In 2001, the court ruled in favor of Chrétien, stating it was the prime minister's prerogative to advise the Queen not to raise Canadians to the British peerage if he felt so inclined, and thereforth this was not an abuse of power as Black had claimed. Black gave up his Canadian citizenship to accept the title.
Firearms
In 1995, the Chrétien government introduced and passed the Canadian Firearms Registry, also called the long-gun registry. This would require the registration of all non-restricted firearms in Canada. This gun registry would document and record information of the firearms, their owners, and their owners' licenses.
Criminal justice reform
The government under Chrétien's premiership introduced a new and far-reaching Youth Criminal Justice Act in April 2003, which replaced the Young Offenders Act and changed the way youths were prosecuted for crimes in Canada.
Same-sex marriage
In July 2003, Chrétien reversed his position on gay marriage, which he had previously been opposed to (in 1999 Chrétien had voted for a resolution sponsored by the Reform saying marriage was a union of a man and a woman only). After a Toronto court ruled that laws forbidding homosexual marriage violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, legalizing same-sex marriage throughout Ontario, Chrétien embraced the idea of gay marriage and introduced a bill in the House of Commons that would have legalized gay marriage despite the very vocal opposition of the Roman Catholic Church with the bishop of Calgary warning in a sermon that Chrétien's "eternal salvation" was at risk.
Environment
A flurry of major environmental legislation, including the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, National Marine Conservation Areas Act, Pest Control Products Act, and the Species at Risk Act were enacted. The cooperation of federal, provincial, and municipal governments also enabled Vancouver to win the bid to host the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Economic policy
Chrétien cancelled the privatization of Toronto's Pearson airport. The consortium that was due to take ownership of Pearson sued for breach of contract, which led the government to settle out of court in April 1997 for $60 million in damages.
The first budget introduced by Martin, in February 1994, was described as a "mild and tame" budget focused only on the target of reducing the deficit to 3 percent of Gross National Product (GNP) within three years, and brought in modest cuts, mostly to defence spending. Until the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Chrétien government tended to be hostile towards defence spending with the government's white paper "Defence 94" declaring that in a post-Cold War world there would be less and less need for armed forces, which accordingly meant reduced budgets for the military. Outside of defence spending, there were few cuts in the 1994 budget. In a radio interview with Ron Collister in March 1994, Chrétien stated: "To go to our goal of 3 per cent of GNP, all the cuts have been announced in the budget. There will not be a new round." According to the diplomat James Bartleman, Chrétien told him in early 1994 that major cuts to government spending outside of defence were out of the question, and instead he hoped that the economy would grow enough on its own that the deficit would disappear without any cuts. Chrétien's plans in early 1994 for economic growth were to increase exports by embracing globalization and free trade with as many nations as possible, arguing that the export offensive would stimulate the economy out of the early 1990s recession. The 1994 budget was widely criticized by journalists such as Andrew Coyne as useless in even achieving its target of reducing the deficit to 3 percent of GNP within three years, let alone eliminating the deficit, and led to a celebrated clash between Coyne and Martin in the boardroom of The Globe and Mail newspaper. In April 1994, interest rates in Canada started a steady rise that would continue until early 1995.
Chrétien was not keen on making deep cuts to government spending, but given the crisis caused by the skyrocketing interest rates had decided "reluctantly" there was no alternative. Once he had decided upon making deeper cuts than he promised, Chrétien proved to be firm supporter of the new course, and supported Martin's cuts to other departments despite the complaints of the other ministers. Chrétien's advisor Eddie Goldenberg later recalled that Chrétien was unyielding in the face of efforts by other ministers to "spare" their departments, and that Chrétien kept on saying "If I change anything, everything will unravel". In a 2011 interview, Chrétien recalled about the 1995 budget that: "There would have been a day when we would have been the Greece of today. I knew we were in a bind and we had to do something." In order to silence objections from left-wing Liberal backbenchers and Cabinet ministers, Chrétien ensured that the Program Review Committee chaired by Marcel Massé that would decide what programs to end and which to cut had a majority comprising the leftist MPs Brian Tobin, Sheila Copps, Sergio Marchi and Herb Gray, people who would not normally be supporting cutting programs, and thereby underlined the seriousness of the crisis. It was only with the budget that Martin introduced on February 27, 1995, that the Chrétien government began a policy of cuts designed to eliminate the deficit in order to reassure the markets. Much of the Liberal caucus was deeply unhappy with the 1995 budget, arguing that this was not what they had been elected for in 1993, only to be informed by the prime minister that there was no alternative. Chrétien himself expressed his unhappiness with his budget in a radio interview with Peter Gzowski in March 1995, saying about the budget: "It is not our pleasure sir, I have to tell you that. I've been around a long time. It's no pleasure at all. I'm not doctrinaire, a right-winger. I'm a Liberal, and I feel like a Liberal, and it is painful. But it is needed".
The government began a program of deep cuts to provincial transfers and other areas of government finance. During his tenure as prime minister, a $42 billion deficit was eliminated, five consecutive budget surpluses were recorded (thanks in part to favorable economic times), $36 billion in debt was paid down, and taxes were cut by $100 billion (cumulatively) over five years. Using the low incomes cut-offs after tax measure, the percentage of Canadians who had low income in 1993 was 14.1 percent; in 1995, when the budget was introduced, that figure had jumped to 14.5; in 2003, the end of Chrétien's time in office, that number had fallen to just 11.6 percent. The share of Canadians living in persistent poverty (i.e. low income for at least 3 years out of 6 years) has declined by almost half since the mid-1990s to 2010. Social spending as a percentage of GDP fell from 20.35 percent in 1993, to 18.35 percent in 1995, eventually falling to 16.94 percent in 1997 and 15.76 percent in 2000, and eventually rising to 16.29 percent in 2003. The 1995 budget, which was called by Peter C. Newman a "watershed document" that marked the first time in recent memory that anybody had made a serious effort to deal with the deficit, won a favorable reaction from the international markets, and a led to an immediate fall in interest rates. There were, however, undeniable costs associated with this endeavour. The cuts resulted in fewer government services, most noticeably in the health care sector, as major reductions in federal funding to the provinces meant significant cuts in service delivery. Moreover, the across-the-board cuts affected the operations and achievement of the mandate of most federal departments. Many of the cuts were restored in later years of Chrétien's period in office.
In March 1996, when the Chrétien government presented its third budget, the backbencher Liberal MP John Nunziata voted against the budget under the grounds it failed to repeal the GST as the Liberals had promised in 1993 and singled out for criticism his former Rat Pack colleague Sheila Copps, who had promised during the 1993 election to resign within a year if the GST was not repealed. Chrétien's response was to expel Nunziata from the Liberal caucus. However, the expulsion of Nunziata drew attention to the fact that Copps was still in office despite her promise to resign within a year if the GST was not repealed. Chrétien first stated that Copps would stay in Parliament despite her promise of 1993, but then intense public pressure (together with a poll showing Copps would win a by-election) forced Copps to resign from the Parliament. After resigning, Copps then contested the resulting by-election, where she won and then went straight back into the Cabinet. To help defuse anger over the GST issue, in the spring of 1996 the Chrétien government moved to harmonize sales taxes (GST with provincial taxes) by signing an accord with three of the four Atlantic provinces; the other provinces were not interested in the federal offer to harmonize.
In February 1997, for the first time since 1969 a balanced budget was presented by the government (budget for fiscal year 1997–1998). Shortly afterwards, the Chrétien government introduced the National Child Benefit program for the children of low-income parents.
Chrétien's major policy initiative in the first half of 2001 was increasing the pay of MPs by 20 percent. As a result, the pay of MPs went from $109,000 per year to $131,000 per year while Chrétien's own salary went from $184,000 per year to $262,000 per year.
Foreign policy
Rwandan genocide
In February–March 1994, detailed reports from the Canadian embassy in Kigali meant that the Canadian government was one of the best informed nations in the world about the coming Rwandan genocide. Foreign Minister André Ouellet claimed that neither he nor anyone else in the Cabinet ever saw the reports from Rwanda. On April 6, 1994, the Rwandan genocide began. The government in Ottawa was apparently kept well-informed about what was happening by diplomats and Canadian Forces serving as UN peacekeepers, but the genocide was not considered to be a major problem for Canada, with the Chrétien government taking the view that other powers would stop the genocide. The government first insisted in April 1994 that there was only a civil war in Rwanda, and once it became clear that genocide had begun, on May 2, 1994, Ouellet, speaking for the government in the House of Commons promised humanitarian aid and expressed the hope that the Organization for African Unity would do something to stop the genocide. In 2010, the Canadian government apologized to the people of Rwanda for indifference to the genocide of 1994.
Canada in the Yugoslav Wars
In the spring of 1999, Chrétien supported Canada's involvement in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) bombing campaign of FR Yugoslavia over the issue of Kosovo, even through the operation was unsanctioned by the United Nations Security Council thanks to a Russian veto of an Anglo-American resolution asking for the Security Council's approval of the NATO bombing. The idea of bombing Yugoslavia caused some discomfort within the ranks of the Liberal party as the NATO campaign effectively meant supporting Kosovo separatists against a government determined to prevent Kosovo's secession from Yugoslavia. Chrétien was personally uncomfortable with the idea of bombing Yugoslavia, but supported the war because he valued good relations with the United States far more than he cared about Yugoslavia. Chrétien's foreign minister at the time, Lloyd Axworthy justified Canada's involvement in NATO bombing of Yugoslavia under the grounds that allegations of massacres against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo made the use of force legitimate on humanitarian grounds, even without the approval of the UN Security Council. Likewise, Chrétien was later to tell Lawrence Martin that it was far better to intervene in the internal affairs of Yugoslavia to stop human rights violations in the Kosovo region by Serbian forces than to do nothing.
China
Chrétien was known to be a Sinophile and an admirer of the People's Republic of China. In November 1994, he led the first of four "Team Canada" trade missions comprising himself and 9 premiers to China (Quebec Premier Jacques Parizeau having declined to go), which had as their stated objective increasing Sino-Canadian trade. The Team Canada mission was meant to be the beginning of the export offensive that would stimulate the economy out of the recession, and also to achieve Chrétien's goal going back to the 1970s of a Canadian economy less dependent on trade with the United States. Under his leadership, China and Canada signed several bilateral relations agreements. The Team Canada missions attracted criticism that Chrétien seemed concerned only with economic issues, that he rarely raised the subject of China's poor human rights record, and that on the few occasions that he did mention human rights in China he went out of his way to avoid offending his hosts. Moreover, Chrétien attracted criticism for presenting the case for improved human rights in purely economic terms, arguing that a better human rights record would allow China to join the WTO and thus sell more goods to the West. Chrétien argued that there was no point in criticizing China's human rights record because the Chinese never listened to such criticism, and instead were greatly annoyed about being lectured by Western leaders about their poor human rights record. Given that Canada could not really do anything to change the views of China's leaders about human rights, Chrétien contended that the best that could be done was to improve Sino-Canadian economic relations while ignoring the subject of human rights.
United States
Chrétien phoned U.S. President Bill Clinton in November 1993 to ask him to renegotiate aspects of NAFTA. Clinton bluntly refused, saying that it had been extremely difficult to get Congress to ratify NAFTA, and if NAFTA was renegotiated, then he would have to submit the renegotiated treaty again for ratification, which was not something that he was going to do just for the sake of Chrétien. Clinton informed the prime minister that he could either scrap NAFTA or accept it as it was, and that the most he could offer were a few cosmetic concessions like writing a letter saying the United States was not interested in taking over Canada's energy and water. Chrétien chose the latter, and sought to portray Clinton's letter as a major American concession that constituted a renegotiated NAFTA, though in fact Clinton's letter was not legally binding and meant nothing. Only treaties ratified by Congress are legally binding on the U.S. government and presidential letters impose only a moral obligation, not a legal one, on the U.S government.
Following the September 11 attacks, Canadian forces joined with multinational to pursue al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. U.S. President George W. Bush had also commended how Canada responded to the crisis. Among them included Operation Yellow Ribbon and the memorial service on Parliament Hill three days after 9/11. In January 2002, Chrétien together with the Defence Minister Art Eggleton were accused of misleading Parliament. When asked in Question Period if Canadian troops had handed over captured Taliban and al-Qaeda members in Afghanistan to the American forces amid concerns about the treatment of POWs at Guantanamo Bay, Chrétien stated this was only a "hypothetical question" that could not be answered as the Canadians had taken no POWs. Critics of the government such as Joe Clark then pointed out that in the previous week, The Globe & Mail had run on its front p. a photo of Canadian soldiers turning over POWs to American troops. Eggleton claimed that he had only learned of the policy of handing over POWs several days after the photo had appeared in The Globe and Mail. When pressed by opposition critics about his apparent ignorance of what was Canada's policy on turning over POWs captured in Afghanistan, Eggleton then claimed that he had not only forgotten that he had been briefed by senior bureaucrats that Canadian Forces were to hand over POWs to the Americans, but that he had also forgotten to inform the Cabinet.
One year after the 9/11 attacks, Chretien gave controversial remarks about what led to the attacks, suggesting they were a reaction to Western foreign policy. During the 2002 CBC interview, Chretien said "I do think that the Western world is getting too rich in relations to the poor world. And necessarily, we're looked upon as being arrogant, self-satisfied, greedy and with no limits. And the 11th of September is an occasion for me to realize it even more. When you are powerful like you are, you guys, it's the time to be nice. And it is one of the problems — you cannot exercise your powers to the point of humiliation of the others. And that is what the Western world — not only the Americans but the Western world — has to realize." The comments were condemned by the new Official Opposition leader and the new Canadian Alliance leader, Stephen Harper, who charged Chretien with victim blaming, while the leaders of the New Democratic Party and Progressive Conservative Party did not interpret Chretien's comments as critical of the United States.
Refusal to join the Iraq War
Chrétien's government did not support the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. His reasoning was that the war lacked UN Security Council sanction; while not a member of the Security Council, Canada nevertheless attempted to build a consensus for a resolution authorizing the use of force after a short (two to three-month) extension to UN weapon inspections in Iraq. Critics also noted that, while in opposition, he had also opposed the first US-led Gulf War, which had been approved by the UN Security Council and in 1999 supported NATO air strikes against Serbia, which had no Security Council approval. In order to avoid damaging relations with the United States, Chrétien agreed to another and larger deployment of Canadian troops to Afghanistan on February 12, 2003, in order to prove that Canada was still a good American ally, despite opposing the upcoming Iraq war. Canada sent 2,000 soldiers to Afghanistan in the summer of 2003.
Military
In 1993, Chrétien canceled the contract to buy the EH-101 helicopters, requiring the search for new helicopters to start over, and paid a $478 million termination fee to AgustaWestland.
In January 1998, Chrétien's government announced that the CH-113 helicopters would be replaced by a scaled-down search-and-rescue variant of the EH101, carrying the designation CH-149 Cormorant. Unlike the Petrel/Chimo contract which Chrétien had cancelled in 1993, these 15 aircraft were to be built entirely in Europe with no Canadian participation or industrial incentives. The first two aircraft arrived in Canada in September 2001 and entered service the following year. His Maritime Helicopter Project was supposed to find a low-cost replacement aircraft. The candidates were the Sikorsky S-92, the NHIndustries NH90 and the EH-101, although critics accused the government of designing the project so as to prevent AgustaWestland from winning the contract. A winner, the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone, would not be announced until after Chrétien retired.
Easy election wins
1997 federal election
Chrétien called an early election in the spring of 1997, hoping to take advantage of his position in the public opinion polls and the continued division of the conservative vote between the Progressive Conservative Party and the upstart Reform Party of Canada. Despite slipping poll numbers, he advised the governor general to call an election in 1997, a year ahead of schedule. Many of his own MPs criticized him for this move, especially in light of the devastating Red River Flood, which led to charges of insensitivity. Liberal MP John Godfrey tried hard to interest Chrétien in an ambitious plan to eliminate urban poverty in Canada as a platform to run on in the election, which was vetoed by Eddie Goldenberg and John Rae of the PMO, who convinced Chrétien that it was better to stick with an "incrementalist" course of small changes than risk any grand project. The Progressive Conservatives had a popular new leader in Jean Charest and the New Democrats' Alexa McDonough led her party to a breakthrough in Atlantic Canada, where the Liberals had won all but one seat in 1993. Chrétien benefited when the Reform Party aired a TV ad in English Canada charging that the country was being dominated by French-Canadian politicians, which Chrétien used to accuse Preston Manning of being anti-French. In 1997, the Liberals lost all but a handful of seats in Atlantic Canada and Western Canada, but managed to retain a bare majority government due to their continued dominance of Ontario.
2000 federal election
Chrétien called another early election in the fall of 2000, again hoping to take advantage of the split in the Canadian right and catch the newly formed Canadian Alliance and its neophyte leader Stockwell Day off guard. At the funeral of Pierre Trudeau in September 2000, the Cuban President, Fidel Castro happened to meet with Day. Later that same day, Chrétien met with Castro, where Chrétien asked Castro about his assessment of Day and if he should call an early election or not. Castro advised Chrétien to dissolve Parliament early as he considered Day to be a lightweight, and as Castro was a leader whom Chrétien respected, his advice was an important reason for the election. Finance Minister Paul Martin released a 'mini-budget' just before the election call that included significant tax cuts, a move aimed at undermining the Alliance position going into the campaign. Chrétien formed a "war room" comprising his communications director Françoise Ducros, Warren Kinsella, Duncan Fulton and Kevin Bosch to gather material to attack Day as a right-wing extemist. In the first weeks of the 2000 election, the Canadian Alliance gained in the polls and some voters complained that Chrétien overstayed his time in office and had no agenda beyond staying in power for the sake of staying in power. The fact that the Red Book of 2000 consisted almost entirely of recycled promises from the Red Books of 1993 and 1997 and various banal statements further reinforced the impression of a prime minister with no plans or vision for Canada and whose only agenda was to hang onto power as long as possible. However, the Liberal claim that Day planned to dismantle the health care system to replace it with a "two-tier" health care system along with a number of gaffes on Day's part in addition to Alliance candidate Betty Granger warning that Canada was faced with the threat of an "Asian invasion" (which furthered the Liberals' plan to paint the Alliance as a xenophobic and extreme right-wing party) started to turn opinion decisively against the Canadian Alliance. Day's socially conservative views were also attacked by Chrétien as the Liberals claimed that Day would make homosexuality and abortion illegal. The New Democrats and Bloc Québécois also ran lacklustre campaigns, while the Progressive Conservatives, led by former Prime Minister Joe Clark, struggled to retain official party status. On November 27, the Liberals secured a strong majority mandate in the 2000 election, winning nearly as many seats as they had in 1993, largely thanks to significant gains in Quebec and in Atlantic Canada. Without Jean Charest as leader, the PCs who had done well in winning the popular vote in Quebec in 1997 fared poorly in 2000, and most of their voters defected over to the Liberals.
Scandals and controversies
Shawinigate
In late 2000 and early 2001, politics were dominated by questions about the Grand-Mere Affair (or the Shawinigate scandal). Opposition parties frequently charged that Chrétien had broken the law in regards to his lobbying for Business Development Bank of Canada for loans to the Auberge Grand-Mère inn. Questions were especially centered around the firing of the president of the bank, François Beaudoin, and the involvement of Jean Carle, formerly of the PMO, in sacking Beaudoin. Carle served as Chrétien's chief of operations between 1993 and 1998 before leaving to take up an executive post at the Business Development Bank. Chrétien claimed that Carle was not involved in any way with the loans to the Grand-Mere Inn, only to be countered by Joe Clark, who produced a leaked document showing that he was. After initial denials, Chrétien acknowledged having lobbied the Business Development Bank to grant a $2 million loan to Yvon Duhaime. Duhaime was a friend and constituent to whom the Prime Minister stated that he had sold his interest in the Grand-Mère Inn, a local Shawinigan-area hotel and golf resort, eventually providing evidence of the sale—a contract written on a cocktail napkin. Duhaime was a local businessman with an unsavoury reputation and a criminal record, who received a loan from the Business Development Bank that he was ineligible to collect on the account of his criminal record (Duhaime did not mention his record when applying for the loan). The bank had turned down the initial loan application, but later approved a $615,000 loan following further lobbying by Chrétien. When the bank refused to extend the loan in August 1999 under the grounds that Duhaime had a bad financial history, Beaudoin was fired by Chrétien in September 1999, which led to a wrongful dismissal suit that Beaudoin was to win in 2004. It was revealed that Chrétien had never been paid for his share in the sale of the adjoining golf course, and criminal charges were laid against Duhaime. On February 19, 2001, the RCMP announced that there they did not find sufficient evidence to lay criminal charges against anyone in regards to the Grand-Mere Affair, and Chrétien accused Clark of waging a "witch hunt" against the Liberals. On March 2, 2001, the federal ethics counselor Howard Wilson cleared Chrétien of wrongdoing in the Grand-Mere Affair. On April 5, 2001, the National Post received documents purportedly from an anonymous source within the bank, indicating that Chrétien was still owed $23,040 by Duhaime for his share in the Auberge Grand-Mère. The revelation of the Grand-Mère affair did not affect the outcome of the 2000 election. Chrétien and his circle believed that the breaking of the Grand-Mère story was the work of the Martin faction.
Sponsorship Scandal
The major controversy of the later Chrétien years was the Sponsorship Scandal, which involved more than $100 million distributed from the Prime Minister's Office to Quebec's federalist and Liberal Party interests without much accountability. On May 8, 2002, the Sponsorship Scandal broke when the auditor general, Sheila Fraser, issued a report accusing Public Works bureaucrats of having broken "just about every rule in the book" in awarding $1.6 million to the Montreal ad firm Groupaction Marketing Inc. The money awarded to Groupaction in three dubious contracts appeared to have disappeared, and the firm had a long history of donating to the Liberals. Opposition critics further suggested that the public works minister at the time, Alfonso Gagliano, whom Chrétien had praised as a great patriot, was not just a mere bystander to questionable contacts associated with the sponsorship program that Fraser had identified. In response to the public outrage, Chrétien argued in speech in Winnipeg that all this was necessary to stop Quebec separatism and justified by the results, stating that: "Perhaps there was a few million dollars that might have been stolen in the process. It is possible. But how many millions of dollars have we saved the country because we have re-established the stability of Canada as a united country? If somebody has stolen the money, they will face the courts. But I will not apologize to Canadians." Chrétien's argument that he had nothing to apologize for in regards to the sponsorship program, and his apparent condoning of corruption as justified by the results of saving Canada fared poorly with the Canadian public, which increasingly started to perceive the prime minister as an autocratic leader with a thuggish streak. A poll taken later in May 2002 showed that over half of Canadians believed that the Chrétien government was corrupt. The Sponsorship Scandal would tarnish Chrétien's reputation only a few years after he left office, and contributed to the Liberals losing their majority government in 2004 and losing power altogether in 2006.
Chrétien and Martin: Liberal Party infighting
Relations between Chrétien and Martin were frequently strained, and Martin was reportedly angling to replace Chrétien as early as 1997. Martin had long hoped that Chrétien would just retire at the end of his second term, thereby allowing him to win the Liberal leadership, and were greatly disappointed in January 2000 when Chrétien's communications director Françoise Ducros had fired "a shot across the bow" by confirming what had been strongly hinted at since the summer of 1999 in an announcement to the caucus that Chrétien would seek a third term.
Chrétien was due to face a leadership review in February 2002, but the Liberal national executive, which was controlled by partisans of Paul Martin, agreed to Chrétien's request in early January 2001 that the leadership review be pushed back to February 2003. In agreeing to this request, Martin believed that this was the quid pro quo for allowing Chrétien a decent interval to retire with dignity sometime in 2002, an interpretation that Chrétien did not hold.
Rebellion and resignation
By early 2002, the long-simmering feud with Martin came to a head. A particular concern that had badly strained relations between the prime minister and the finance minister by early 2002 was Martin's control of the Liberal Party apparatus, especially his control over the issuing of membership forms, which he reserved largely for his own supporters. In January 2002, Brian Tobin complained to Chrétien that the Liberal Party machinery had been "captured" by Martin's followers to the extent that it was now virtually impossible for anyone else to sign up their own followers. This posed a major problem for Chrétien as the Liberals were due to hold a leadership review in February 2003. However, it was still quite possible that Chrétien would win the review by a slim margin.
In January 2002, an incident occurred which was to greatly damage Chrétien's relations with the Liberal caucus. After Chrétien reorganized the Cabinet in late January 2002, Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett criticised Chrétien at a caucus meeting for not appointing more women to the Cabinet. Chrétien exploded with rage at Bennett's criticism, saying that as a mere backbencher she did not have the right to criticise the prime minister in front of the caucus, and attacked her with such fury that Bennett collapsed in tears. In February 2002, reflecting a growing number of Liberal MPs' displeasure with Chrétien, the Liberal caucus elected the outspoken pro-Martin MP Stan Keyes (who had already openly mused in 2001 about how it was time for Chrétien to go) as their chairman, who defeated pro-Chrétien MP Steve Mahoney. Chrétien had expected Mahoney to win, and was reported to be shocked when he learned of Keyes's victory, which now gave Martin more control of the caucus.
In late May 2002, Chrétien tried to curtail Martin's campaign for the leadership of the party by delivering a lecture to Cabinet to stop raising money for leadership bids within the Liberal Party. At what was described as a "stormy" Cabinet meeting on May 30, 2002, Chrétien stated that he intended to serve out his entire term, and ordered the end of all leadership fundraising. Martin left his cabinet on June 2, 2002. Martin claimed that Chrétien dismissed him from Cabinet, while Chrétien said that Martin had resigned. In his memoirs, Chrétien wrote that he regretted not having fired Martin a few years earlier.
Martin's departure generated a severe backlash from Martin's supporters, who controlled much of the party machinery, and all signs indicated that they were prepared to oust Chrétien at a leadership review in February 2003. To win the leadership review, Chrétien formed a team in early June 2002 comprising his close associates John Rae, David Collenette, Jean Carle, and David Smith who were ordered to sign up as many pro-Chrétien ("Chrétienist") Liberals as possible for the leadership review. The open split, which was covered extensively on national media, increasingly painted Chrétien as a lame duck. During the summer of 2002, a number of backbencher Liberal MPs associated with Martin started to openly criticise Chrétien's leadership, calling on him to resign now or suffer the humiliation of losing the leadership review. Chrétien asked Jim Karygiannis, who had been so effective in signing up supporters for him in 1990 to repeat that performance, only to be told by Karygiannis that Chrétien had never rewarded him by appointing him to the Cabinet as he asked for many times over the years, had not even returned his phone calls to set up a meeting to discuss his possible appointment to the Cabinet and that he was now a Martin man. Karygiannis then called a press conference on July 13, 2002, where he called for Chrétien to retire "with dignity", rather than risk losing a potentially divisive leadership review and avoid having his career end that way.
After less than half the caucus committed to support him in August 2002 by signing a letter indicating their support for the prime minister in the up-coming leadership review, Chrétien announced that he would not lead the party into the next election, and set his resignation date for February 2004. Martin was not happy with the 2004 departure date, preferring that Chrétien retire at the end of 2002, but considered it better if Chrétien were to retire than having to defeat him at the 2003 leadership review, which would have been more divisive and would have established the ominous precedent of a prime minister being ousted by his own party for no other reason other that someone else wanted the job. Due to mounting pressure from the Martin camp, Chrétien no longer saw his February 2004 resignation date as tenable. His final sitting in the House of Commons took place on November 6, 2003. He made an emotional farewell to the party on November 13 at the 2003 Liberal leadership convention. The following day, Martin was elected his successor. On December 12, 2003, Chrétien formally resigned as prime minister, handing power over to Martin. Chrétien joined the law firm, Heenan Blaikie on January 5, 2004, as counsel. The firm announced he would work out of its Ottawa offices four days per week and make a weekly visit to the Montreal office. In early 2004, there occurred much in-fighting within the Liberal Party with several Liberal MPs associated with Chrétien such as Sheila Copps and Charles Caccia losing their nomination battles against Martin loyalists.
References
Jean Chrétien
Chrétien, Jean |
White Diamonds is a perfume created in 1991 by actress Elizabeth Taylor. The perfume, advertised with a cinematic TV commercial starring Taylor, was an enormous and enduring commercial success, with total sales of $1.5 billion as of 2018. Though not the first celebrity fragrance, the unprecedented success of White Diamonds popularized the trend of celebrity-branded perfumes which accelerated in the following decades.
Background and development
White Diamonds was Taylor's second perfume, after Passion, which she introduced in 1987. Other celebrities had previously lent their name to fragrances on occasion, such as Sophia Loren, who released an eponymous perfume in 1981.
White Diamonds was released at a time when Taylor was making a comeback in the public eye. She had recently lost weight and completed a second round of treatment at the Betty Ford Center for substance abuse, where she had met construction worker Larry Fortensky. Taylor would marry Fortensky in October 1991, making him her seventh (and last) husband. Joseph Ronchetti, CEO of Elizabeth Arden, proposed that the resilience Taylor had shown in her personal life made her relatable to the public, stating: "We've all known people with drinking problems, we've all had weight problems, and she's coped so beautifully."
Taylor partnered with the Elizabeth Arden division of Parfums International to create White Diamonds.
Description
White diamonds is a floral perfume with notes of rose, jasmine, neroli, narcissus, and Egyptian tuberose.
According to an executive at Elizabeth Arden who worked with Taylor on White Diamonds, the perfume used a higher-than-normal concentration of oil (25% rather than the usual 12%) to create a heavier scent.
The perfume is sold in a bottle decorated with small imitation white diamond gemstones.
Marketing
White Diamonds was accompanied by a $20 million marketing campaign, which included a national tour of department stores by Taylor (beginning September 12, 1991), magazine advertisements, and, most notably, a short film starring Taylor, which was played in stores and (in abbreviated form) as a television commercial.
Commercial
White Diamonds was marketed with a short film starring Taylor titled "White Diamonds Starring Elizabeth Taylor". The full film, with a duration of 2 minutes and 45 seconds, was screened in department stores, which served popcorn to customers to enhance the theatrical effect. It was also played in movie theatres before pre-show trailers. A 60-second cut was shown as a television commercial.
The film was intended to have a cinematic feel, and was shot in black-and-white and in soft focus. It was filmed in Acapulco, Mexico, and directed by Terry Bedford of the production company Epoch Films.
The film begins with Taylor, wearing a great deal of diamond jewelry, sitting in a convertible car, watching a small airplane touch down on the beach. Some well-dressed men exit the plane and begin to play a high-stakes poker game, which Taylor observes. Eventually one of the men finds himself with insufficient funds to call a bet. Taylor tells the man "Not so fast", and removes one of her diamond earrings, tossing it into the pot and adding "These have always brought me luck".
Sales
As of 2018, its total sales were estimated at $1.5 billion. Sales in 1993 were estimated at $48 million, and at $60 million in 2010.
Beginning in 2011, Taylor stipulated that 20% of all sales in perpetuity be directed to her charity, the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation.
The sales of Taylor's perfumes, particularly White Diamonds, were her principal source of income during her later life. She purportedly earned more from White Diamonds than from any of her roles in Hollywood films.
Legacy
White Diamonds was named "Fragrance of the Year" by The Fragrance Foundation in 1992, and inducted in the foundation's Hall of Fame in 2009.
Taylor followed up White Diamonds with several other fragrances, including a number of flanker scents such as Sparkling White Diamonds in 1999 and Brilliant White Diamonds in 2001.
References
Celebrity perfumes
Elizabeth Taylor
Products introduced in 1991 |
Arturo Mor Roig (14 December 1914-15 July 1974) was an Argentinian politician, who served as Minister of the Interior during the presidency of Alejandro Lanusse. As memeber of the Radical Civic Union, he was National Deputy representing Buenos Aires and also President of the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina.
He was born in Lleida, Spain, but when he was a child he moved to San Pedro, Argentina with his parents.
He was assassinated by the guerrilla organization Montoneros during the presidency of Isabel Martínez de Perón.
References
1914 births
1974 deaths
Assassinated Argentine politicians
Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Province
Presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies
Ministers of Internal Affairs of Argentina
Spanish emigrants to Argentina
Radical Civic Union politicians
People from Lleida |
Stuparići is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 533.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
() is an upcoming Spanish-Colombian drama film directed by Imanol Uribe which stars Juana Acosta, Juan Carlos Martínez, Carmelo Gómez and Karra Elejalde. It is a dramatization of the 1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador by the Salvadoran Army.
Plot
The plot follows the Central American University's cleaning staff Lucía Barrera de Cerna, a witness of the massacre of the 1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador by the Salvadoran Army, who stood up for truth and refused to cover up the responsibility of the military with the fake attribution of the crime to the FMLN guerrilla by the Salvadoran government, in the midst of the Salvadoran Civil War.
Cast
Production
The film was originally known as () early in the production stage. The screenplay was penned by Daniel Cebrián. The film was produced by Bowfinger International Pictures, Tornasol Media and Nunca digas nunca AIE alongside 64A Films, and it had the participation of RTVE and Movistar+ and support from ICAA, the Ibermedia programme and ICO. Shooting began by November 2020 in Navarre. It later moved to Colombia, shooting in Valle del Cauca in between Cali and Buga.
Release
The film will screen in March 2022 at the Málaga Film Festival, as part of the festival's main competition. Distributed by Karma Films, it is set for a 25 March 2022 release date in Spain.
See also
List of Spanish films of 2022
References
External links
Llegaron de noche at ICAA's Catálogo de Cinespañol
Spanish drama films
Colombian drama films
Tornasol Films films
Films set in El Salvador
Films set in 1989
Films shot in Navarre
Films shot in Colombia
Films about the Salvadoran Civil War
Bowfinger International Pictures films |
"River" is a 2022 single by Polish-American singer Krystian Ochman. The song is currently scheduled to represent Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy after winning , Poland's national final.
Eurovision Song Contest
Tu bije serce Europy! Wybieramy hit na Eurowizję
TVP opened a submission period for interested artists and songwriters to submit their entries between 20 September 2021 and 20 November 2021. The broadcaster received 150 submissions at the closing of the deadline. A five-member selection committee consisting of a representative of TVP, a radio personality, a music expert, a journalist and a representative of the Polish Musicians Union selected ten entries from the received submissions to compete in the national final. The selected entries were announced on 14 January 2022 during the TVP2 programme .
The final took place on February 19, 2022. Ten entries would compete, and the winner was determined over two rounds of voting. The top three most voted songs would proceed to the superfinal round, where all votes would be reset and the winner would be determined. Both rounds would use a 50/50 combination of votes from a professional jury and a public vote.
"River" would move on to be one of the three songs in the superfinal, and the song would then go on to win the superfinal, and as a result, will represent Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 25 January 2022, an allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Poland has been placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 12 May 2022, and has been scheduled to perform in the second half of the show.
References
2022 songs
2022 singles
Eurovision songs of Poland
Eurovision songs of 2022
Songs written by Ashley Hicklin |
Svinjarevo is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 21, all Bosniaks.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Phymaturus katenke, Muchagua's lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Liolaemidae. It is from Argentina.
References
katenke
Lizards of South America
Reptiles of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Reptiles described in 2021 |
Katharina Huber (born 3 October 1995) is an Austrian alpine ski racer. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's slalom, and Women's combined.
She competed at the 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup.
References
Living people
1995 births
Austrian female alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers of Austria
Alpine skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Olympic gold medalists for Austria |
Primorsko-Akhtarsk is an air base of the Russian Air Force as part of the 4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, Southern Military District.
The base was first used in 1954 by a regiment (1689th) of the Yeysk aviation school. Today it is home to the 960th Assault Aviation Regiment (960th ShAP) which has two squadrons of Sukhoi Su-25SM/SM3 (NATO: Frogfoot-A)
References
Russian Air Force bases
Buildings and structures in Krasnodar Krai
Military installations established in the 1950s |
Alexander Georgievich Savchenko (; 30 March 1951 – 18 February 2022) was a Kazakh politician. A member of the Nur Otan party, he served in the Senate of Kazakhstan from 2008 to 2014. He died on 18 February 2022, at the age of 70.
Biography
Born on March 30, 1951 in the city of Dzhambul.
In 1977 he graduated from the Jambul technological Institute of Light and Food Industry in the specialty "Mechanical Engineer".
In 1991 he graduated from the Almaty Institute of Political Science and Department in the specialty "Lecturer of socio-political disciplines in higher and secondary educational institutions".
Awards and titles
Order Curmet (2003)
Order Dostyk II degree (2011)
Medal “For the difference in the prevention and elimination of emergency situations”.
Jubilee medal "20 years Astana" (2018)
References
1951 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Kazakhstani politicians
21st-century Kazakhstani politicians
Nur Otan politicians
Members of the Senate of Kazakhstan
Recipients of the Order of Kurmet
People from Taraz |
Shamil Zagitovich Sultanov (; 16 May 1952 – 18 February 2022) was a Russian politician. A member of Rodina, he served in the State Duma from 2003 to 2007. He died on 18 February 2022, at the age of 69.
References
1952 births
2022 deaths
People from Andijan
21st-century Russian politicians
Fourth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Rodina (political party) politicians
Moscow State Institute of International Relations alumni |
The 1939 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team was an American football team that represented Oglethorpe University as an independent during the 1939 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach John W. Patrick, the Stormy Petrels compiled a 2–4–1 record.
Schedule
References
Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football seasons
Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football |
Zrinka Ljutić (born 26 January 2004) is a World Cup alpine ski racer. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's slalom, Women's giant slalom, and Women's combined.
She competed at the 2021–22 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup.
References
2004 births
Croatian female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers of Croatia
Living people |
Odus Evbagharu is an American politician. He is the chair of the Harris County Democratic Party in Houston, Texas. Evbagharu also serves as Chief of Staff Texas for State Representative Jon Rosenthal.
County Democratic Chairman
On June 27, 2021, Evbagharu was elected Chairman of the Democratic Party in Harris County, Texas — the third largest county in the U.S. He is the youngest and the first Black chair of the Harris County Democratic Party (HCDP). Evbagharu replaced Lillie Schechter, who served as HCDP Chair between 2017 and 2021.
Background
Evbagharu was born in London, England, to Nigerian-born parents, Felix and Patience Evbagharu. He has one sister and one brother. Evbagharu moved to America with his family when he was five years old and Houston when he was 10. Evbagharu became a U.S. citizen in 2005.
In Houston, Evbagharu grew up in the suburbs of Cypress and attended school in the Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District. He attended the University of Houston and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in political science in 2018.
Political Life
Evbagharu worked for the Harris County Democratic Party between 2017 and 2018, first as a Communications Fellow, then as Communications Director and Candidate Coordinator. He was the campaign manager for Eliz Markowitz in her 2019-2020 special election race for Texas House District 28.
Evbagharu joined Texas Rep. Jon Rosenthal’s team as political director in January 2018 and in November of that year became Rosenthal’s Chief of Staff.
Evbagharu serves on the board of directors for the Texas Freedom Network, on the steering committee for Planned Parenthood Young Leaders, and was formerly a board member of the New Leaders Council.
References
1991 births
University of Houston alumni
Living people
People from Harris County, Texas
Texas Democrats |
Valérie Six (born 11 January 1963) is a French politician who has been Member of Parliament for Nord's 7th constituency since 2020.
References
1963 births
Living people
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
21st-century French women politicians
21st-century French politicians
People from Seclin |
Kamogelo Mphela (born November 29, 1999), popularly known as Kamo Mphela, is a South African dancer and singer. She became an internet celebrity after she posted a video of her dancing on her social media account.
Early life and education
Kamo Mphela was born in Durban, South Africa and grew up in Emdeni, Soweto. She studied Media at the Boston Media House.
Career
Her passion for dancing started at an early age, when she accompanied her father who worked at YFM and at events where she would perform on stage and dance which eventually led to her getting more exposure through live performances. She later became popular by posting videos on Instagram where she displayed her dancing skills. Before pursuing her dancing career she had tried acting and had got a chance to be an extra on the TV soap Isibaya, but she later realised that it was not for her and she started performing as a dancer at gigs. Her dancing skills eventually got her the name "Queen of Amapiano".
In 2019, she got signed to Major League Music and released her Ep titled, Twentee under the label. She has also released songs such as Suka Emabozen and Menemene and has collaborated with South African singer Busiswa on the single Sbwl and has featured on the MFR Soulz single Amanikiniki ranked #1 on Good Hope FM's SA House Music Top 10 Chart. She has also performed and worked with local musicians such as Nadia Nakai and Killer Kau. She has been featured as a singer and dancer in the amapiano songs such as Sukendleleni and Labantwana Ama Uber. Apart from amapiano, she has also danced to other South African popular music genres including Gqom, kwaito and pantsula.
Discography
Twentee (2019)
References
External links
Living people
South African dancers
1999 births
People from Durban
South African women singers |
Yuncheng railway station () is a railway station in Yanhu District, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China. It is an intermediate stop on the Datong–Puzhou railway.
See also
Yuncheng North railway station
References
Railway stations in Shanxi |
Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha (सर्वदर्शनसंग्रह) ('A Compendium of all the Philosophical Systems') is a philosophical text by the 14th-century Indian scholar Mādhavāchārya. In the book, Mādhavāchārya reviews the sixteen philosophical systems current in India at the time, and gives what appeared to him to be their most important tenets, and the principal arguments by which their followers endeavoured to maintain them. Mādhavāchārya is usually identified with Vidyaranya, the Jagadguru of the Śringeri Śarada Pītham from ca. 1374-1380 until 1386. However, this has been contested by various scholars.
In the course of his sketches Madhava frequently explains at length obscure details in the different systems. The systems are arranged from the Advaita-point of view. According to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha "sketches sixteen systems of thought so as to exhibit a gradually ascending series, culminating in the Advaita Vedanta (or non-dualism)."
Author
The Text is usually attributed to Mādhavāchārya. Mādhavāchārya is usually identified with Vidyaranya, the Jagadguru of the Śringeri Śarada Pītham from ca. 1374-1380 until 1386. According to tradition, Vidyaranya helped establish the Vijayanagara Empire sometime in 1336, and served as a mentor and guide to three generations of kings who ruled over the Vijayanagara Empire. Vidyaranya is thought to have been named Madhava before taking ordination as a sannyasin. However, Vidyaranya's authorship of the text has been contested by various scholars.
Some accounts identify Madhavacharya or Vidyaranya with Madhava, the brother of Sāyaṇa, a Mimamsa scholar from the Vijayanagara Empire. In his attempt to clarify the identification of Madhava with Vidyaranya, Narasimhachar (1916, 1917) named this Madhava [B], distinguishing him from Madhava [A], a device also followed by Rama Rao (1930; 1931; 1934), and Kulke (1985). Mid 14th century, Madhava [B] served as a minister in the Vijayanagara Empire, and wrote several works, including, according to Rama Rao, the Jivanmuktiviveka, a work usually attributed to Vidyaranya, due to his identification with Madhava [B]. According to the Sringeri account, the brothers Madhava and Sayana came to Vidyaranya to receive his blessings, and completed his unfinished Veda bhashyas.
While usually attributed to Madhava [B], and thereby to Vidyaranya, Madhava [B] was probably not the author of the Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha. According to Clark, the author may have been Channibhatta (Chinna or Chennu):
Chapters
The sixteen systems of philosophy expounded by Madhava in the text are:
Chārvāka
Buddhism
Arhata or Jainism
Ramanuja System or Sri Vaishnavism
Purna-Prajña Darsana or Tatva-vaada or Dvaita Vedanta
Nakulisa-Paśupata
Shaivism
Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism) or Recognitive System
Raseśvara or Mercurial System
Vaisheshika or Aulukya
Akshapada or Nyaya
Jaimini
Pāṇiniya
Samkhya
Patanjala or Yoga
Vedanta or Adi Shankara
The Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha itself doesn't contain the 16th chapter (Advaita Vedanta, or the system of Adi Shankara), the absence of which is explained by a paragraph at the end of the 15th chapter, (the Patanjali-Darsana). It says: “The system of Shankara, which comes next in succession, and which is the crest-gem of all systems, has been explained by us elsewhere, it is, therefore, left untouched here”.
Madhvacharya tries to refute, chapter by chapter, the other systems of thought prominent in his day. Other than Buddhist and Jaina philosophies, Vidyaranya draws quotes directly from the works of their founders or leading exponents and it also has to be added that in this work, with remarkable mental detachment, he places himself in the position of an adherent of sixteen distinct philosophical systems.
Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha is one of the few available sources of information about lokayata, the materialist system of philosophy in ancient India. In the very first chapter, "The Chārvāka System", he critiques the arguments of lokayatikas. While doing so he quotes extensively from Cārvāka works. It is possible that some of these arguments put forward as the lokayata point of view may be a mere caricature of lokayata philosophy. Yet in the absence of any original work of lokayatikas, it is one of the very few sources of information available today on materialist philosophy in ancient India.
References
Indian philosophy |
Mordovka (Russian: ), or mordka (Russian: ) was a historical Russian currency that circulated in Volga region in 15-18th centuries. it was a silver coin of 1/2 of oka (gold) denomination. Found in hoards in Volga Region and Middle Asia.
Etymology
The term mordovka ( lit.'Mordvin woman') is in use since 19th century among Russian numismatists for all similar coins or tokens found in Volga region.
History
Russian ethnographer Bogdan Zaikovsky had been collecting this kind coins for 30 years and divided them in two types: A and B. B type coins or tokens were made of different alloys and used mostly in Moksha women traditional costumes as decoration. A type were minted of silver and looked like real coins. Saratov State University scholar Iosif Cherapkin, expert in Moksha language, confirmed that the coin Cyrillic inscription is readable in Old (Middle) Moksha and says 'It circulates as 1/2 of gold'. There are as well 22x23 mm size triangle form silver coins with obverse featured a woman's bust. Those coins first were described by Vladimir Aunovsky, he reports they are used in traditional Moksha woman's headdress decoration and they say that was their queen depicted meaning princess Narchat.
Literature
Спасский, И. Г. Денежное обращение на территории Поволжья в 1-й половине XVI века и так называемые мордовки. Советская археология. — 1954. — Т. XXI. — С. 190—191
Зверев, С. В. Принципы формирования типов подражательных монет Казанского ханства. Об изображениях на мордовках. Советский коллекционер. — М., 1991. — No. 28
Нестеров И. В. Мордовки — падчерицы русской монетной системы //Фаизхановские чтения. Материалы V ежегодной научно-практической конференции. — М.-Нижний Новгород, 2009.
Машков В.В. Монеты восточно-славянского приграничья. Екатеринбург, СВ-96, 1998, pp. 234-235
See also
Mokshas
Narchat
Moksha language
Mukhsha Coinage
Murunza Kingdom
History of Middle Volga
References
Denominations (currency)
Golden Horde
Silver coins
Obsolete units of measurement
Medieval currencies
Volga Finns
ru:Мордовка(монета) |
Robert Warner Garland (May 1, 1937 – November 21, 2020) was an American screenwriter and film producer best known for his work in the films The Electric Horseman (1979) and No Way Out (1987). He was a member of the Writers Guild of America.
Early life and education
Garland was born on May 1, 1937 in Brooklyn. He attended St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.
Personal life and death
Garland retired from screenwriting in the mid-1990s and resided in several places around the world including Paris, France, Liguria and Key West.
Garland died from complications of dementia at the age of 83 in Baltimore on November 21, 2020. He is survived by his son Michael, daughter-in-law Hedda and grandsons Jonah and Felix.
Filmography
The Electric Horseman (1979; screenwriter)
No Way Out (1987; screenwriter/producer)
The Big Blue (1988; screenwriter)
References
External links
1937 births
2020 deaths
People from Brooklyn
American film producers
St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni
Film producers from New York (state)
Screenwriters from New York (state)
American male screenwriters
20th-century American screenwriters |
Erik Mortensen is an American politician serving as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from the 55A district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 5, 2021.
Early life and education
Mortensen was born and raised in Shakopee, Minnesota. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in politics and government from Mesa State College (now Colorado Mesa University) in 1998 and a Bachelor of Science in economics from Strayer University in 2014.
Career
From 2002 to 2014, Mortenson worked in business development for C. H. Robinson. In 2009, he also started working as a park commissioner for the city of Belle Plaine, Minnesota. From 2014 to 2018, he was the president of AdvantaClean, a mold remediation company. From 2018 to 2021, he worked as a contract business consultant for Keystone Group International in St. Louis Park. Since July 2019, he has worked as the vice president of Utility Energy Systems, an equipment supplier.
Minnesota Legislature
Mortensen was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 5, 2021, succeeding Brad Tabke. After winning his election in November, Mortensen hosted a "freedom party" in violation of Minnesota's COVID-19 guidelines. After assuming office in 2021, Mortensen was a member of the newly formed New House Republican Caucus, though he was removed from the group in May 2021 amid disagreements with leadership. After Mortensen left the New House Republican Caucus, Minority Leader Kurt Daudt issued a short memo, stating that Mortensen would not be a member of the House GOP Caucus.
References
Living people
People from Shakopee, Minnesota
Colorado Mesa University alumni
Strayer University alumni
Minnesota Republicans
Members of the Minnesota House of Representatives |
The 2022 BYU Cougars baseball team represents Brigham Young University during the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball season. Mike Littlewood acts as head coach of the Cougars for a tenth consecutive season. With 22 players returning this season the Cougars were picked to finish second in the WCC Pre-season poll. To conclude the season the WCC will host the 2022 baseball tournament May 24–28 at Banner Island Ballpark. For the first time in WCC history the tournament will expand to 6 teams. Teams 1 and 2 will have a bye into the double elimination bracket while 3 plays 6 and 4 plays 5 in a single elimination first round.
2022 Roster
Schedule
! style=""| Regular Season
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffbbb"
| February 18 || vs. Indiana State || – || Centennial Park || FloBaseball || 2–3 || Matt Jachec (1–0) || Jack Sterner (0–1) || Connor Fenlong (1) || N/A || 0–1 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffbbb"
| February 19 || vs. Marshall || – || Centennial Park || FloBaseball || 3–6 || Louis Davenport (1–0) || Nate Dahle (0–1) || None || N/A || 0–2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ccffcc"
| February 19 || vs. Marshall || – || Centennial Park || FloBaseball || 3–2 || Janzen Keisel (1–0) || Zac Addkison (0–1) || Reid McLaughlin (1) || N/A || 1–2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ccffcc"
| February 21 || vs. Ohio State || – || Centennial Park || FloBaseball || 9–6 || Ryan Brady (1–0) || Aaron Funk (0–1) || Reid McLaughlin (2) || N/A || 2–2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ccffcc"
| February 24 || at Arizona State || – || Phoenix Municipal Stadium || P12+ ASU || 4–2 || Bryce Robison (1–0) || Christian Bodlovich (0–1) || Reid McLaughlin (3) || 2,725 || 3–2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ccffcc"
| February 25 || at Arizona State || – || Phoenix Municipal Stadium || P12 AZ || 6–5 || Peyton Cole (1–0) || Brock Peery (0–1) || Reid McLaughlin (4) || 3,388 || 4–2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="ccffcc"
| February 26 || at Arizona State || – || Phoenix Municipal Stadium || P12+ ASU || 19–3 || Ryan Brady (2–0) || Josh Hansell (0–1) || None || 3,872 || 5–2 || –
|-
|- align="center"
| March 3 || Milwaukee || – || Larry H. Miller Field || byutv.org || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 4 || Milwaukee || – || Larry H. Miller Field || byutv.org || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 5 || Milwaukee || – || Larry H. Miller Field || byutv.org || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 10 || Oklahoma State || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 11 || Oklahoma State || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 12 || Oklahoma State || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 15 || at Utah || – || Smith's Ballpark || P12 || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 17 || at Portland* || – || Joe Etzel Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 18 || at Portland* || – || Joe Etzel Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 19 || at Portland* || – || Joe Etzel Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 22 || at Utah Valley || – || UCCU Ballpark || ESPN+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 24 || Gonzaga* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 25 || Gonzaga* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 26 ||Gonzaga* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 25 || Gonzaga* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 26 ||Gonzaga* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 29 || Washington State || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| March 31 || at Saint Mary's* || – || Louis Guisto Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
|- align="center"
| April 1 || at Saint Mary's* || – || Louis Guisto Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 2 || at Saint Mary's* || – || Louis Guisto Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 5 || at Dixie State || – || Bruce Hurst Field || WAC DN || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 7 || Santa Clara* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 8 || Santa Clara* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 9 || Santa Clara* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 14 || at Nebraska || – || Haymarket Park || B1G+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 15 || at Nebraska || – || Haymarket Park || B1G+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 15 || at Nebraska || – || Haymarket Park || B1G+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 16 || at Nebraska || – || Haymarket Park || B1G+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 19 || at Utah || – || Smith's Ballpark || P12 || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 21 || San Diego* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 22 || San Diego* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 23 || San Diego* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 26 || Utah Valley || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 28 || at San Francisco* || – || Dante Benedetti Diamond at Max Ulrich Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 29 || at San Francisco* || – || Dante Benedetti Diamond at Max Ulrich Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| April 30 || at San Francisco* || – || Dante Benedetti Diamond at Max Ulrich Field || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
|- align="center"
| May 3 || at Cal State Fullerton || – || Goodwin Field || ESPN+ || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 5 || at Pepperdine* || – || Eddy D. Field Stadium || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 6 || at Pepperdine* || – || Eddy D. Field Stadium || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 7 || at Pepperdine* || – || Eddy D. Field Stadium || WCC Net || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 10 || Dixie State || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 12 || Pacific* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
| May 13 || Pacific* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
|May 14 || Pacific* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
|May 17 || Utah || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
|May 19 || Loyola Marymount* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
|May 20 || Loyola Marymount* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|- align="center"
|May 21 || Loyola Marymount* || – || Larry H. Miller Field || BYUtv || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| style="font-size:88%" | Rankings from Collegiate Baseball. Parenthesis indicate tournament seedings.*West Coast Conference games
Rivalries
BYU has two main rivalries on their schedule- the Deseret First Duel vs. Utah and the UCCU Crosstown Clash vs. Utah Valley. Dixie State will also play the Cougars for a second consecutive season.
Radio Information
BYU Baseball will once again broadcast as part of the NuSkin BYU Sports Network. BYU Radio 107.9 KUMT will serve as the flagship station. However, because of some conflicts, some radio broadcasts will be App exclusives. Jason Shepherd and Greg Wrubell will rotate providing play-by-play. Tuckett Slade will serve as analyst on most broadcasts.
TV Announcers
Indiana State: No commentary
Marshall: No commentary
Marshall: No commentary
Ohio State: No commentary
Arizona State: Matt Venezia & Zach Woolley
Arizona State: Dominic Cotroneo
Arizona State: Gareth Kwok & Randy Policar
Milwaukee:
Milwaukee:
Milwaukee:
Oklahoma State:
Oklahoma State:
Oklahoma State:
Utah:
Portland:
Portland:
Portland:
Utah Valley:
Gonzaga:
Gonzaga:
Gonzaga:
Washington State:
Saint Mary's:
Saint Mary's:
Saint Mary's:
Dixie State:
Santa Clara:
Santa Clara:
Santa Clara:
Nebraska:
Nebraska:
Nebraska:
Nebraska:
Utah:
San Diego:
San Diego:
San Diego:
Utah Valley:
San Francisco:
San Francisco:
San Francisco:
Cal State Fullerton:
Pepperdine:
Pepperdine:
Pepperdine:
Dixie State:
Pacific:
Pacific:
Pacific:
Utah:
Loyola Marymount:
Loyola Marymount:
Loyola Marymount:
See also
2021 BYU Cougars football team
2021–22 BYU Cougars men's basketball team
2021–22 BYU Cougars women's basketball team
2021 BYU Cougars women's soccer team
2021 BYU Cougars women's volleyball team
2022 BYU Cougars men's volleyball team
2022 BYU Cougars softball team
References
2022 West Coast Conference baseball season
2022 team
2022 in sports in Utah |
Greece is scheduled to compete at the 2022 Winter Paralympics in Beijing, China which takes place between 4–13 March 2022.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Snowboarding
Konstantinos Petrakis is scheduled to compete in snowboarding. He also represented Greece at the 2018 Winter Paralympics held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
See also
Greece at the Paralympics
Greece at the 2022 Winter Olympics
References
Nations at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
2022
Winter Paralympics |
Stepan Andreevich Kupriyanov (; 1935 – 14 February 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. A member of the Communist Party, he served as Secretary of the Volyn Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1983 to 1990. He died in Lutsk on 14 February 2022.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian politicians
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Lviv Polytechnic alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
People from Volyn Oblast |
The 2022 season is Kashima Antlers's 30th consecutive season in the J1 League, the top flight of Japanese football, since the introduction of professional football in 1993.
Squad
Season squad
Competitions
J1 League
Results by matchday
Results
References
Kashima Antlers
Kashima Antlers seasons |
Lew Saunders (born October 6) is an American film and television actor. He is known for playing the role of "Officer Gene Fritz" in 28 episodes of the American crime drama television series CHiPs from 1977 to 1979.
Saunders made an appearance in football for which he played for the Atlanta Falcons. He began his career in 1975, where he appeared in the police procedural television series Bronk. Saunders guest-starred in television programs, including, The A-Team, L.A. Law, Riptide, Trapper John, M.D., Hunter, Hardcastle and McCormick, Murder, She Wrote, Quincy, M.E., Jake and the Fatman, Dynasty and Matt Houston. He also appeared in the films, such as, Cocktail, Terror Among Us and Demonoid (as "Sergeant Leo Matson"). Saunders played the role of "Officer Gene Fritz" in the first-two seasons in the new NBC crime drama television series CHiPs from 1977 to 1979. He only appeared in the third season for one episode. Saunders retired his career in 1998, last appearing in the drama television film The Rat Pack, where he played the role of "Big John".
References
External links
Rotten Tomatoes profile
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male television actors
American male film actors
20th-century American male actors
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people |
Edmund John Bilton (23 May 1839 — 24 August 1916) was an English first-class cricketer.
The son of James and Rebecca Bilton (née Ship), he was born at Cambridge in May 1839. A keen cricketer, he made three appearances in first-class cricket between 1859 and 1866 as a wicket-keeper for Cambridge Town Club (playing as Cambridgeshire in 1866), with all three of his first-class matches coming against Cambridge University. He scored 25 runs in his three matches, with a highest score of 11. Outside of cricket, Bilton was by profession a clerk and music teacher; his musical interest included his membership of both the King's College and Trinity College choirs at the University of Cambridge. Bilton died at Cambridge in August 1916.
References
External links
1839 births
1916 deaths
Sportspeople from Cambridge
English cricketers
Cambridge Town Club cricketers
Clerks
Choristers of the Choir of King's College, Cambridge |
Cyperus clarkei is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Asia.
See also
List of Cyperus species
References
clarkei
Plants described in 1908
Flora of Vietnam
Flora of India
Flora of Sri Lanka |
File from the kindred Miskolc (; died between 1247 and 1249) was a Hungarian clergyman in the 13th century, who served as provost of the cathedral chapter of Zagreb from 1236 until his death. He belonged to the entourage of Coloman, Duke of Slavonia. He functioned as chancellor of the ducal court between 1237 and 1241.
Career
File (also Phyle or Fila) was born into the Mikola branch of the ancient gens (clan) Miskolc. He had two brothers, comes Thomas and Peter. Their parentage is unknown. Thomas was progenitor of the Vadakoli and Mikolai noble families, which flourished until the 14th and 15th centuries, respectively. Thomas lived in Csáj in Abaúj County in the 1230s (present-day Vyšný Čaj and Nižný Čaj in Slovakia).
File entered the service of Prince Coloman, who was duke of Slavonia from 1226 until his death. File is first mentioned by contemporary records in 1231, when he functioned as notary of Coloman. In this capacity, he formulated the privilege letter of Vukovar. File was elected provost of Zagreb in 1236, replacing Matthias Rátót. He held the position until his death. As provost, File assisted Stephen II, Bishop of Zagreb, an influential confidant of the duke. Beside that, he also served as chancellor for Duke Coloman from 1237 until the latter's death during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. Subsequent charters frequently call File as chancellor and "magister", demonstrating the prestige of his office, even though he was not a member of the royal court. According to historian György Györffy, his person ensured the good relationship between Duke Coloman and Bishop Stephen.
Following the death of Coloman, File and his brothers retained the grace of King Béla IV of Hungary, who transcribed and confirmed in their ownership of many landholdings, which they received from Coloman in the last decade. File participated in the royal campaign commanded by Ban Denis Türje in 1244 to the coastal city of Spalato (present-day Split, Croatia), which rebelled against the Hungarian rule. According to contemporary chronicler Thomas the Archdeacon in his work Historia Salonitana, File ("Philetus") led one of the companies which successfully besieged the city. Following the surrender of Spalato, File stood for an immediate peace deal.
Estates
The Miskolc kindred possessed lands in Borsod County in Northeast Hungary, and File was also an wealthy landowner in the region. A distant relative, Mikó Miskolc pledged his inherited estate of Mályi for 60 marks to File and his brothers in 1234. File possessed the right of patronage over the Benedictine abbey of Boldva in the first half of the 13th century.
File's service in the ducal court of Coloman contributed to the acquisition of large estates by him and his brothers in Slavonia, especially Valkó County.
References
Sources
1240s deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
File
Hungarian Roman Catholic priests |
Gladys Guarisma (30 August 1938 – 12 February 2022) was a Venezuelan linguist. She worked at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and was one of the pioneers of African linguistics.
Biography
Guarisma joined the CNRS and was recruited by Jacqueline M.C. Thomas to join her research team, which later became known as LACITO. She was known as a specialist of Bantu languages in Cameroon, such as the Bafia language, of which she published a phonology in 1967. In 1992, she published a thesis titled Le bafia (rì-kpāɂ). She also studied the Vute language, on which she published a study in 1978. After her retirement, she continued her scientific activities for many years.
Guarisma died on 12 February 2022, at the age of 83.
Publications
Dialectométrie lexicale de quelques parlers bantous de la zone A, in: La méthode dialectométrique appliquée aux langues africaines (1986)
La Méthode dialectométrique appliquée aux langues africaines (1986)
Le Bafia (r-kpâɂ) (1992)
Complexité morphologique, simplicité syntaxique : le cas du bafia, langue bantoue (A 50) du Cameroun (2000)
References
1938 births
2022 deaths
Linguists from Venezuela
People from Ciudad Bolívar
Place of death missing |
The Haenel RS9 is a bolt action sniper rifle manufactured by C.G. Haenel. It is the Bundeswehr's medium-range sniper rifle and replaces the Accuracy International AWM in the Kommando Spezialkräfte and Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine.
History
The order for the medium-range sniper rifle was put out to tender by the Bundeswehr in 2014. What was required was a "medium-range sniper weapon, consisting of a rifle, aiming and aiming aids, accessories and ammunition" as a bolt-action rifle for the precise single shot in .338 Lapua Magnum caliber including target optics and accessories.
The service description called for "use in areas with climate categories A1-3, B1-3 and C0-2 according to STANAG 4370 without restriction of functionality" and "adaptability for the night vision attachment (NSV) 80 introduced in the Bundeswehr", a caliber change through replacement barrels was not part of the service description. In addition to Haenel, Unique Alpine was shortlisted with the TPG-3 A4. Haenel was awarded the contract in February 2016 and is supplying the RS9 model as the G29 rifle. The first lot includes 115 weapons.
Users
: Kommando Spezialkräfte and Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine (Bundeswehr designation G29) – .338 Lapua Magnum
References
External links
.338 Lapua Magnum rifles
Bolt-action rifles
Post–Cold War weapons of Germany
Sniper rifles of Germany
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2016 |
Taukčići is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 296.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Cyndi Howerton is an American politician serving as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 98th district. She was appointed on August 25, 2021.
Career
Outside of politics, Howerton works as a tax service manager. She was the Republican nominee for the 86th district of the Kansas House of Representatives in 2020, losing to Stephanie Byers. In August 2021, Howerton was appointed to the Kansas House by members of the Sedgwick County Republican Party to fill the seat left vacant after Ron Howard's death.
Personal life
Howerton is married to Con Howerton, a pastor and veteran of the United States Air Force who served in Gulf War. They have four children.
References
Living people
Kansas Republicans
Members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Kansas
People from Wichita, Kansas
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas |
David Weil is an American writer, producer, director and showrunner for television. He is known for creating the Amazon Prime Video television series Hunters (2020-present). He is also known for creating the Amazon anthology miniseries Solos (2021). He also co-created the series Invasion (2021-present) with Simon Kinberg for Apple TV+.
Weil grew up in Great Neck, New York. He is Jewish. He is also the grandson of Holocaust survivors.
References
External links
Living people
American television directors
Showrunners
American television producers
American television writers
American male television writers |
Topuzovo Polje is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the western banks of the River Bosna.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 306.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
The Royal Palace of Tétouan is a palace of the Moroccan Monarchy in Tétouan, Morocco, and the former main seat of political authority of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco from 1913 to 1956. It encloses both the former governor's palace and the former Spanish consulate, which in the protectorate era respectively housed the Khalifa or personal representative of the Sultan of Morocco on the compound's northwestern side, and the Spanish High Commissioner on its southeastern side. The palace is located on Hassan II Square, a historic urban space also traditionally known as the , in the Medina of Tétouan.
History
Palace of the Governor, then of the Khalifa
The compound's oldest building was constructed around 1740 as the local Government Palace (Dar al-Emrat). In 1913 it became the seat of the Khalifa, namely until his death in 1923, then his son Hassan Ben el Mehedi Ben Ismael until the protectorate's end in 1956. It was remodeled several times, including in 1947 on a design by painter .
Spanish Consulate, then High Commissariate
The Spanish Consulate in Tétouan was established following the Treaty of Wad Ras that concluded the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860), which also stipulated that a Franciscan mission be created in the town. The consulate's main building was designed by Coronel Gelis of the Spanish Corps of Engineers and built between 1861 and 1864. The adjacent Franciscan church was completed in 1866. In 1913, the consulate building became the residence of the High Commissioner of the newly created Spanish protectorate in Morocco, also known as the High Commissariate (). It was subsequently remodeled in the mid-1910s by Tétouan municipal architect , who added the two circular towers that frame the building's western façade. In 1926, the Franciscan mission moved away from the compound and relocated to the newly built church of in the Spanish colonial expansion of the city (). The interiors of the High Commissioner's residence were again remodeled in the late 1940s by High Commissioner José Enrique Varela.
Royal Palace
The complex was repurposed as a Royal palace following Morocco's independence in 1956 and its proclamation as a kingdom on . In 1988, the Feddan was remodeled and a wall and monumental gate were built, thus isolating the former High Commissioner's residence from public view. The palace is not open to the public.
See also
Dar al-Makhzen (Tangier)
Dar al-Makhzen (Rabat)
Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)
Mendoubia, the former seat of the Mendoub, Tangier's counterpart to Tétouan's Khalifa
Ministry of Interior (Morocco), former seat of the Resident-general of the French protectorate in Morocco
Notes
Palaces in Morocco
Alaouite architecture
Tétouan |
The Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places (HRHP) is a listing of sites of historical significance located in Hawaii. It is maintained by the Hawaiʻi State Historic Preservation Division. It was established when the Hawaii State Legislature passed Chapter 6E in 1976, in an effort to preserve its historic sites, as economic growth on the islands threatened to destroy numerous state landmarks.
As of February 2022, there are 1,054 properties listed on the state register, many of which are also on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nomination
To be listed on the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places, a property or district needs to meet several criteria, including all of those set by the National Register of Historic Places. The property must be older than 50 years (with some exceptions made). In addition to these criteria, Chapter 6E sets forth several additional criteria:
Must have maintained its architectural or geographical integrity, and must be significant to Hawaii's culture, history, archaeology, and/or architecture, which might entail:
Having an association with an important historical event, period, or person;
Being architecturally or artistically significant, e.g. being deemed a quality example of an architectural style or a notable architect's work;
Must have a positive environmental impact on its surroundings; and
Preserving the property would be beneficial to the cultural and historical understanding of Hawaii, Oceania, or the United States.
An architectural historian is typically consulted to complete the nomination forms. Once these criteria are met and paperwork has been submitted, the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places Review Board meets to review and vote on whether or not to induct the property, which they might also submit to the National Register of Historic Places. Board members hold their position for four years and are nominated by the Governor of Hawaii as experts in the fields of state history, architecture, archaeology, and sociology.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii
List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii
References
1976 establishments in Hawaii |
Tramošnjik is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 345.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Pomaderris gilmourii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Deua National Park in New South Wales. It is a shrub with hairy young stems, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, and clusters of silvery buds and creamy-yellow flowers.
Description
Pomaderris gilmourii is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to , its young stems hairy. The leaves are egg-shaped or lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base or narrowly elliptic, long and wide on a petiole long with stipules up to long at the base but that fall off as the leaf develops. The upper surface of the leaves is more or less glabrous and the lower surface densely covered with star-shaped or simple hairs. The flowers are borne in panicles in diameter on the ends of branchlets, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are oblong, cream-coloured or yellow with silvery hairs on the back and there are no petals.
Taxonomy
Pomaderris gilmourii was first formally described in 1989 by Neville Grant Walsh in the journal Muelleria from specimens he collected in Deua National Park in 1987. The specific epithet (gilmourii) honours "Mr Phil. Gilmour, formerly of Canberra who first collected this species".
In the same journal, Walsh described two varieties and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Pomaderris gilmourii var. cana N.G.Walsh, commonly known as grey Deua pomaderris, that has leaves with a dull lower surface, foliage without a dense layer of woolly hairs, and leaves without a distinct, thickened edge on the lower surface;
Pomaderris gilmourii N.G.Walsh var. gilmourii N.G.Walsh that has a dense, shiny layer of simple hairs on the lower surface of the leaves petioles and branchlets, and a distinct, thickened on the edges of the lower surface of the leaves.
Distribution and habitat
This pomaderris grows in shrubland or forest on rhyolite outcrops in Deua National Park, inland from Moruya.
Conservation status
Pomaderris gilmourii var. cana is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (previously the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
References
gilmourii
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1989 |
Nathalie Serre (born 17 August 1968) is a French politician who has been Member of Parliament for Rhône's 8th constituency since 2020, when she replaced Patrice Verchère.
References
Living people
1968 births
People from Besançon
The Republicans (France) politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
21st-century French women politicians
21st-century French politicians
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
Tujlići is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 209.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Tušnjići is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 353.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
The Girl Who Lived Twice is the sixth novel in the Millennium series, focusing on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the third novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three Millennium books, Stieg Larsson.
Plot
Mikael Blomkvist is trying to reach Lisbeth Salander—the fierce, unstoppable girl with the dragon tattoo, to no avail. He worries that she is getting herself into danger, but is pre-occupied with a decline in his career. He needs her help unraveling the identity of a man who died with Blomkvist’s phone number in his pocket — a man who does not exist in any official records and whose garbled last words hinted at knowledge that would be dangerous to important people. He is persuaded by a medical examiner to look into the death of the homeless man, but Lisbeth has disappeared when Blomkvist reaches out seeking her assistance. She’s sold her apartment in Stockholm, and without telling him, has left Sweden. She’s told no one where she is and no one is aware that at long last she’s got her primal enemy, her twin sister, Camilla, squarely in her sights. In the end, it will be Blomkvist in a moment of unimaginable self-sacrifice–who will make it possible for Lisbeth to face the most important battle of her life, and, finally, to put her past to rest.
Reception
A review by The Washington Post noted the focus on Blomkvists character and referred to it as "Salander is less physically present this time — and that’s too bad, because she’s fascinating", but felt the novel had less "violence and gore" that were prominent in the preceding novels. The Guardian felt that While Lagercrantz’s prose is more serviceable than the peculiarly clodhopping original writing, by this point the main characters have, sadly, become subject to the law of diminishing returns – in particular Salander, who is now just another all-purpose kick-ass heroine.
External links
Official page for the novel at Swedish publisher Norstedts Förlag
2017 Swedish novels
Swedish crime novels
Swedish mystery novels
Millennium (novel series)
Norstedts förlag books
Swedish-language novels
sv:Millennium-serien#Mannen som sökte sin skugga
References |
Chrysothrix septemseptata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Robert Lücking, and G.P. Sinha. The type specimen was collected in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal); here it was found growing on the bark of the mangrove tree Tamarix gallica. The lichen grows as a thin lemon-yellow crust measuring in diameter, with isolated patches sometimes coalescing. It contains vulpinic acid as a major secondary chemical, and minor amounts of calycin. Chrysothrix septemseptata is only known to occur at the type locality. Other mangrove trees that it is found on include Brugruiera gymnorhiza, Heritiera fomes, and Sonneratia apetala, as well as the non-mangrove tree Casuarina equisetifolia. The specific epithet septemseptata refers to the seven septa that are characteristic of the ascospores of this lichen.
References
Arthoniomycetes
Lichens described in 2006
Lichens of India
Taxa named by Helge Thorsten Lumbsch
Taxa named by Robert Lücking |
Upovac is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 520.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Uvorići is a village in the municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 929.
References
Populated places in Visoko |
Alex Smith was a 60-year-old African-American man who was lynched in Gulfport, Harrison County, Mississippi by unknown attackers on March 22, 1922. According to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary it was the 19th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States.
Background
Alex or Alexander Smith from the Bayou Bernard bridge area allegedly ran, "a house of ill fame" that was raided early 1922 on the fringes of Gulfport. News reports at the time state that inside, "white girls and young white men" were found. He was released and under bond to appear for his trial.
Lynching
Smith was seized and the corner's report stated that he “came to his death by strangulation and pistol wounds at the hands of unknown persons” on March 22, 1922. His body was found hanging from a bridge with multiple bullet wounds. Newspapers at the time stated that Klan was rumoured to have had a "party" to execute Smith.
National memorial
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in Montgomery, Alabama, on April 26, 2018, and features among other things the Memorial Corridor which displays 805 hanging steel rectangles, each representing the counties in the United States where a documented lynching took place and, for each county, the names of those lynched. The memorial hopes that communities, like Harrison County, Mississippi where Baker was lynched, will take these slabs and install them in their own communities.
See also
Will Bell was lynched on January 29, 1922, in Pontotoc, Mississippi.
Will Thrasher was lynched on February 1, 1922, in Crystal Springs, Mississippi.
William Baker was lynched on March 8, 1922, in Aberdeen, Mississippi.
Robert Collins was lynched on June 20, 1922, Summit, Mississippi.
John Steelman was lynched on August 23, 1922, in Lambert, Mississippi.
Bibliography
Notes
References
1922 riots
1922 in Mississippi
African-American history of Mississippi
Lynching deaths in Mississippi
December 1922 events
Protest-related deaths
Racially motivated violence against African Americans
Riots and civil disorder in Mississippi
White American riots in the United States |
Raymond Thompson Pim (January 23, 1897 – May 14, 1993) was an American farmer and politician.
Raymond Pim was born to parents Frank Lessig and Kate Thompson Pim on January 23, 1897. The family farm was located near Lucas. Pim graduated from his hometown high school, served in the United States Army during World War I with the rank of first lieutenant, then earned a degree from Iowa State College in 1920. He raised Hereford cattle, held membership within the Lucas County Farm Bureau, which he served as vice president and president, was active in the Iowa Association of Local Creameries, and helped found the Lucas County Co-operative Creamery, serving as its president from 1946 to 1952. Pim was also president of the local school board. Pim, a Republican, was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives from District 16 in 1952 and 1954.
Pim was married to Carolyn Deyo from 1925 to her death in 1981. The couple raised two children. He died at the Rosewood Care Center in Moline, Illinois, on May 14, 1993.
References
1897 births
1993 deaths
People from Lucas County, Iowa
Iowa State University alumni
American cattlemen
Farmers from Iowa
20th-century American politicians
Iowa Republicans
Members of the Iowa House of Representatives
United States Army personnel of World War I
Military personnel from Iowa
School board members in Iowa |
Adebowale A. Adeyemo is a Nigerian physician-scientist and genetic epidemiologist specialized in genomics and cardiometabolic disorders. He is the deputy director and chief scientific officer of the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health at the National Human Genome Research Institute.
Education
Adeyemo completed a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at the University of Ibadan in 1987. He graduated with a distinction in anatomy and the departmental prize in surgery.
Adeyemo completed a residency in pediatrics and genetics at the University College Hospital, Ibadan from 1989 to 1994. He conducted a postdoctoral education in bioinformatics at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. Adeyemo conducted a fellowship in genetic epidemiology in the department of preventive medicine and epidemiology at Loyola University Chicago from 1999 to August 2000.
Career
In 2003, Adeyemo joined the faculty at Howard University to work in genetic epidemiology at the National Human Genome Center. He joined the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 2008 as a staff scientist. He became an associate investigator at NHGRI in 2016. He is the deputy director and chief scientific officer of the NHGRI Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health.
Adeyemo works on the genomics of complex disease, focusing on cardiometabolic disorders and complex disorders of childhood. He has published in genetics and genetic epidemiology. He was the first author of the papers describing the first genome scan for obesity in an African population, the first genome-wide linkage analysis for serum lipids in an African population, the first study of genetic structure in West Africans using genome-wide markers and the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for hypertension and blood pressure in African Americans.
His research also includes genetics of orofacial clefts. In collaborative studies, his research led to findings of novel IRF6 mutations in families with Van Der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome in Africa and helped identify rare functional variants in non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. His research has grown to include genetics of congenital heart defects (CHD). This collaborative study is currently enrolling children with CHD and their parents in Nigeria for genomic studies, including chromosomal arrays and whole exome sequencing. The project facilitates the collection of a clinical epidemiology dataset of congenital heart defects in an African population.
Adeyemo is co-chair of the H3Africa Genome Analysis Working Group and serves on the H3ABioNet Scientific Advisory Board. He is a co-creator of the NHGRI electronic atlas of birth defects for diverse populations.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Nigerian medical doctors
Nigerian emigrants to the United States
Howard University faculty
National Institutes of Health people
Physician-scientists
Nigerian epidemiologists
Genetic epidemiologists
University of Ibadan alumni |
Dorothée Gizenga (29 September 1961 – 18 February 2022) was a Congolese political activist.
Biography
Gizenga was born in Kisangani on 29 September 1961 to Antoine Gizenga and Asta Marie-thérèse Mondili. Her brother was Lugi Gizenga. She earned a degree in economics from York University and a master's degree in chemistry from the University of Saskatchewan.
After spending 37 years in Canada, Gizenga returned to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Upon her return, she became Secretary-General of the Unified Lumumbist Party (PALU). Her brother put her in charge of organizing a party unification congress. After her brother's death in June 2020, she assumed several positions within the party, including PALU representative in Canada and assistant coordinator for external relations.
Gizenga died in Kinshasa on 18 February 2022, at the age of 60.
References
1961 births
2022 deaths
Democratic Republic of the Congo activists
University of Saskatchewan alumni
York University alumni
Unified Lumumbist Party politicians
People from Kisangani |
is a Japanese bartender. He worked in The Sailing Bar in Sakurai Nara since 1994.He is known for the cocktail Takumi's Aviation.
Life
Takumi was born in Gifu on May 25, 1972. After graduating from high school, he moved to Nara and majoyed in law. He worked for tuition in a bar and restaurant. At the time, he started to learn bartending. He worked in The Sailing Bar since the bar opened in Sakurai since 1994. He was a brand ambassador for Taketsuru Japanese Pure Malt Whisky.
Takumi's Aviation
He created a riff of Aviation in Diageo World Class bartenders competition in Athens, Greece in 2010. Gary "Gaz" Regan, cocktail historian, named the drink Takumi's Aviation. The drink was recorded in his book The Joy of Mixology.
Cocktails
Takumi's Aviation an Aviation variant, recorded in Gary Regan's The Joy of Mixology.
Red Thorn is a riff of Blackthorn, recorded in Jared Brown & Anistatia Miller's The Deans of Drink and Gary Regan's 101 Best New Cocktails, Volume III.
Cove was recorded in Gary Regan's 101 Best New Cocktails Volume IV, made with Taketsuru Whisky. At the time, Takumi was the brand ambassador.
References
1972 births
Living people
Bartenders
Japanese people |
The 2022 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament (officially known as the Cricket Wireless SWAC Basketball Tournament due to sponsorship reasons) will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2021–22 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament will be held from March 9–12, 2022. The tournament winner will receive an automatic invitation to the 2022 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament.
Seeds
Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tie–breaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Only the top eight teams in the conference will qualify for the tournament.
Schedule
Bracket
References
{{reflist}]
2021–22 Southwestern Athletic Conference men's basketball season
SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament
Basketball in Alabama
College sports in Alabama
Sports competitions in Alabama
Sports in Birmingham, Alabama
SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament
SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament |
Fletcher DeLancey is an American science fiction writer, best known for her Chronicles of Alsea series, which has twice made her a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror.
Personal life
Though DeLancey grew up in Oregon, she later moved to Algarve with her wife and their son.
Career
Before focusing on her writing, DeLancey taught science and worked in a marine biology lab.
After moving to Algarve, DeLancey began teaching pilates alongside her writing.
Publications
Mac vs. PC (2014)
Chronicles of Alsea series
The following are the Chronicle of Alsea books in story order:
The Caphenon (2015)
Projection, a novella (2015)
Without a Front: The Producer's Challenge (2015)
Without a Front: The Warrior’s Challenge (2015)
Catalyst (2016)
Vellmar the Blade (2016)
Outcaste (2017)
Resilience (2018)
Uprising (2019)
Far Enough, a novella (2020)
Alsea Rising: Gathering Storm (2020)
Alsea Rising: The Seventh Star (2020)
Past Imperfect series
The Past Imperfect series is a fan-fiction novel series based on the television show Star Trek: Voyager.
Past Imperfect (2002)
Present Tension (2005)
Future Perfect (2007)
No Return (2007)
Forward Motion (2008)
Anthologies edited
Do You Feel What I Feel: A Holiday Anthology, with Jae (2015)
Anthology contributions
Second Helpings, Read These Lips: Volume Two: Lesbian Short Writings, edited by Evecho and Linda Lorenzo (2008)
Spread the Love, edited by Astrid Ohletz (2014)
Unwrap These Presents, edited by Astrid Ohletz and R.G. Emanuelle (2014)
Don't Be Shy: Volume 2: A Collection of Erotic Lesbian Stories, edited by Astrid Ohletz and Jae (2015)
Ylva Pride 2016 (2016)
Awards and honors
References
Living people
American lesbian writers
Writers from Oregon
American science fiction writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
21st-century American women writers |
This is a list of the gymnasts who represented their country at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London from 27 July to 12 August 2012. Gymnasts across three disciplines (artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, and trampoline) participated in the Games.
Women's artistic gymnastics
Men's artistic gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnasts
Individual
Group
Male trampoline gymnasts
Female trampoline gymnasts
References
Lists of gymnasts
Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics |
The Chronicles of Alsea is a science fiction book series by Fletcher DeLancey, consisting of ten novels: The Caphenon (2015), Without a Front: The Producer's Challenge (2015), Without a Front: The Warrior’s Challenge (2015), Catalyst (2016), Vellmar the Blade (2016), Outcaste (2017), Resilience (2018), Uprising (2019), Alsea Rising: Gathering Storm (2020), and Alsea Rising: The Seventh Star (2020). The series also includes two novellas: Projection (2015) and Far Enough (2020).
DeLancey has stated that the series "is an exploration of what happens when good people make bad decisions, when politicians have lofty ideals but must compromise to achieve them, and when love—as it so often does—both impairs and enables the course of history."
Awards and honors
References
External links
Official website
Book series introduced in 2015
Science fiction literature |
Bob DeMeo (July 22, 1955 – February 12, 2022) was an American jazz drummer.
Biography
DeMeo became a studio musician with Blue Note Records in the early 1980s. His first recordings were made in New York City with Artie Simmons and The Jazz Samaritans. He accompanied artists such as George Benson, Nancy Wilson, and Jon Hendricks. He then moved to Paris, where he worked alongside Michel Graillier and Hal Singer for ten years. Between 1980 and 1997, he was involved in six recording sessions with Julie Monley, Kerem Görsev, and Eric Revis. He also produced recordings with the Sedition Ensemble and Bobby Few. Upon his return to New York, he often performed at Smalls Jazz Club in a quartet alongside Grant Stewart, , and Tyler Mitchell.
DeMeo died on February 12, 2022, at the age of 66.
References
External links
1955 births
2022 deaths
American jazz drummers
Musicians from New York City |
Florence Morlighem (born 10 April 1970) is a French politician who has been Member of Parliament for Nord's 11th constituency since 2020.
Political career
She was a substitute in the 2017 election.
See also
Women in the French National Assembly
References
1970 births
Living people
La République En Marche! politicians
People from Roubaix
Politicians from Lille
21st-century French politicians
21st-century French women politicians
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Women members of the National Assembly (France) |
Parliament Street (Irish: Sráid Na Parlaiminte) is a street located on Dublin's Southside. It runs from the junction of Dame Street and Cork Hill on its southern end to the junction of Essex Quay and Wellington Quay on its northern end.
History
Parliament Street was created in the early 1760s by the Wide Streets Commission to open up a direct route to Dublin Castle with retail buildings on either side.
Sunlight Chambers
One of the street's notable buildings is Sunlight Chambers, which was built as offices for Lord Lever of Lever Brothers. It has frontages on Parliament Street and Essex Quay. Lever also planned Port Sunlight in Liverpool. The structure is designed in a "romantic Italianate style with wide overhanging eaves, tiled roof, and arcaded upper floors”. It also has "two multi-coloured terracotta friezes depicting the history of hygiene”.
City Hall
City Hall, Dublin, originally the Royal Exchange, forms a terminating vista on Parliament Street. The structure was built between 1769 and 1779 and designed by the architect Thomas Cooley. It is the formal seat of Dublin City Council.
See also
List of streets and squares in Dublin
References
Streets in Dublin (city)
Shopping districts and streets in Ireland |
Chandni Wattley (born 1990 or 1991) is a British Virgin Islands footballer who plays as a centre back for Panthers FC and the British Virgin Islands women's national team.
Club career
Wattley has played for Panthers in the British Virgin Islands.
International career
Wattley capped for the British Virgin Islands at senior level during the 2022 CONCACAF W Championship qualification.
References
External links
1990s births
Living people
British Virgin Islands women's footballers
Women's association football central defenders
Panthers FC players
British Virgin Islands women's international footballers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people) |
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