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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20200%20number-one%20albums%20of%201989
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The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200, which is published by Billboard magazine. The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales. In 1989, 15 albums advanced to the peak position of the chart.
Bobby Brown's Don't Be Cruel was the best performing and best-selling album of 1989, spending 6 non-consecutive weeks at number one.
The Raw & the Cooked, the second album by rock and soul band Fine Young Cannibals, had the longest run among the releases that reached peak position in 1989, spending 7 consecutive weeks in the top position.
The 1989 debut album Girl You Know It's True, by the pop group Milli Vanilli, spent 7 non-consecutive weeks in the top position, with 6 of those weeks in 1989.
Chart history
See also
1989 in music
References
1989
United States Albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20extension
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Sign extension (sometimes abbreviated as sext, particularly in mnemonics) is the operation, in computer arithmetic, of increasing the number of bits of a binary number while preserving the number's sign (positive/negative) and value. This is done by appending digits to the most significant side of the number, following a procedure dependent on the particular signed number representation used.
For example, if six bits are used to represent the number "00 1010" (decimal positive 10) and the sign extend operation increases the word length to 16 bits, then the new representation is simply "0000 0000 0000 1010". Thus, both the value and the fact that the value was positive are maintained.
If ten bits are used to represent the value "11 1111 0001" (decimal negative 15) using two's complement, and this is sign extended to 16 bits, the new representation is "1111 1111 1111 0001". Thus, by padding the left side with ones, the negative sign and the value of the original number are maintained.
In the Intel x86 instruction set, for example, there are two ways of doing sign extension:
using the instructions cbw, cwd, cwde, and cdq: convert byte to word, word to doubleword, word to extended doubleword, and doubleword to quadword, respectively (in the x86 context a byte has 8 bits, a word 16 bits, a doubleword and extended doubleword 32 bits, and a quadword 64 bits);
using one of the sign extended moves, accomplished by the movsx ("move with sign extension") family of instructions.
Zero extension
A similar concept is zero extension (sometimes abbreviated as zext). In a move or convert operation, zero extension refers to setting the high bits of the destination to zero, rather than setting them to a copy of the most significant bit of the source. If the source of the operation is an unsigned number, then zero extension is usually the correct way to move it to a larger field while preserving its numeric value, while sign extension is correct for signed numbers.
In the x86 and x64 instruction sets, the movzx instruction ("move with zero extension") performs this function. For example, movzx ebx, al copies a byte from the al register to the low-order byte of ebx and then fills the remaining bytes of ebx with zeroes.
On x64, most instructions that write to the entirety of lower 32 bits of any of the general-purpose registers will zero the upper half of the destination register. For example, the instruction mov eax, 1234 will clear the upper 32 bits of the rax register.
See also
Arithmetic shift and logical shift
References
Mano, Morris M.; Kime, Charles R. (2004). Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals (3rd ed.), pp 453. Pearson Prentice Hall. .
Notes
Binary arithmetic
de:Zweierkomplement#Vorzeichenerweiterung
ru:Дополнительный код (представление числа)#Расширение знака
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel%20Bank%20Common%20Lisp
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Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL) is a free Common Lisp implementation that features a high-performance native compiler, Unicode support and threading.
The name "Steel Bank Common Lisp" is a reference to Carnegie Mellon University Common Lisp from which SBCL forked: Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry and Andrew Mellon was a successful banker.
History
SBCL descends from CMUCL (created at Carnegie Mellon University), which is itself descended from Spice Lisp, including early implementations for the Mach operating system on the IBM RT PC, and the Three Rivers Computing Corporation PERQ computer, in the 1980s.
William Newman originally announced SBCL as a variant of CMUCL in December 1999. The main point of divergence at the time was a clean bootstrapping procedure: CMUCL requires an already compiled executable binary of itself to compile the CMUCL source code, whereas SBCL supported bootstrapping from theoretically any ANSI-compliant Common Lisp implementation.
SBCL became a SourceForge project in September 2000. The original rationale for the fork was to continue the initial work done by Newman without destabilizing CMUCL which was at the time already a mature and much-used implementation. The forking was amicable, and there have since then been significant flows of code and other cross-pollination between the two projects.
Since then SBCL has attracted several developers, been ported to multiple hardware architectures and operating systems, and undergone many changes and enhancements: while it has dropped support for several CMUCL extensions that it considers beyond the scope of the project (such as the Motif interface) it has also developed many new ones, including native threading and Unicode support.
Version 1.0 was released in November 2006, and active development continues.
William Newman stepped down as project administrator for SBCL in April 2008. Several other developers have taken over interim management of releases for the time being.
For the tenth anniversary of SBCL, a Workshop was organized.
Version 2.0.0 was released on 29 December 2019 for the 20th anniversary of SBCL, with no major breaking changes.
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
SBCL homepage
Planet SBCL - The Common Lisp Wiki
Common Lisp (programming language) software
Common Lisp implementations
Free compilers and interpreters
Public-domain software with source code
Software forks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Tom%20Jones
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This Is Tom Jones is an ATV variety series starring Tom Jones. The series was exported to the United States by ITC Entertainment and was networked there by ABC.
The series ran between 1969 and 1971 to total 65 colour episodes. Jones was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy" in 1969.
The show also featured comedy sketches by the Ace Trucking Company improvisational group, featuring Fred Willard and Patti Deutsch, among others.
Guest appearances
The show featured guest appearances by many top actors, comedians and singers of the time, including The Who, Nancy Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Mary Hopkin, Peter Sellers, Liza Minnelli, Janis Joplin, Cher, Dusty Springfield, Sérgio Mendes, Ella Fitzgerald, Stevie Wonder, The 5th Dimension, Bob Hope, and Herman's Hermits.
Episode guide
1st Season
#1 - Peter Sellers, Joey Heatherton, Richard Pryor, Mary Hopkin, The Moody Blues - aired: 7 February 1969
#2 - Nancy Wilson, Mireille Mathieu, Davy Jones, Herman's Hermits, Rich Little - aired: 14 February 1969
#3 - Lynn Redgrave, Sergio Mendes and Brasil '66, Lulu, Tim Conway, The Bee Gees - aired: 21 February 1969
#4 - Dick Cavett, Terry-Thomas, The 5th Dimension, Sandie Shaw, Julie Driscoll w/Brian Auger and the Trinity - aired: 28 February 1969
#5 - Shirley Jones, Dick Cavett, Dusty Springfield, Engelbert Humperdinck, The Foundations - aired: 7 March 1969
#6 - Paul Anka, Mary Hopkin, Georgia Brown, The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, George Carlin - aired: 14 March 1969
#7 - Cass Elliot, The Dave Clark Five, Massiel, George Carlin - aired: 21 March 1969
#8 - Chet Atkins, Barbara Eden, Rich Little, Jerry Lee Lewis, Salena Jones - aired: 28 March 1969
#9 - Judy Carne, Jo Anne Worley, Millicent Martin, Anita Harris - aired: 4 April 1969
#10 - Donovan, Lainie Kazan, Bobby Goldsboro, Jo Anne Worley, Godfrey Cambridge - aired: 11 April 1969
#11 - Manitas de Plata, Mireille Mathieu, Pat Paulsen, Fran Jeffries, The Who - aired: 18 April 1969
#12 - Pat Paulsen, Stevie Wonder, Shani Wallis, The Hollies - aired: 25 April 1969
#13 - Sonny & Cher, Herman's Hermits, Esther Ofarim, Cleo Laine, Henry Gibson - aired: 2 May 1969
#14 - George Burns, John Davidson, Sally Ann Howes - aired: 22 May 1969
#15 - The 5th Dimension, Dick Cavett, Juliet Prowse, Mireille Mathieu - aired: 29 May 1969
2nd Season
#16 - Sammy Davis Jr., Jo Anne Worley - aired: 25 September 1969
#17 - Diahann Carroll, Bobby Darin, Blood, Sweat & Tears, David Steinberg - aired: 2 October 1969
#18 - Tony Bennett, Vikki Carr, The Ace Trucking Company - aired: 9 October 1969
#19 - Anthony Newley, Peggy Lipton, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, John Byner - aired: 16 October 1969
#20 - Jose Feliciano, Shelley Berman, Mary Hopkin - aired: 23 October 1969
#21 - Barbara Eden, Wilson Pickett, Hendra & Ullett - aired: 30 October 1969
#22 - Connie Stevens, Matt Monro, The Moody Blues, Shecky Greene - aired: 6 November 1969
#23 - Dick Cavett, Cha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20200%20number-one%20albums%20of%201988
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The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200, which is published by Billboard magazine. The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales. In 1988, 11 albums advanced to the peak position of the chart.
The beginning of the year started with the continuation of Dirty Dancing but was bumped out of the number one spot by Pop singer George Michael's first solo album Faith. It had the longest run among the releases, spending 12 non-consecutive weeks in the top position. The album was also notable for reaching the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (U.S. Hot Black Singles) at number-one making it the first album by a Caucasian artist to hit the top spot on that chart, mainly due to the R&B/funk-leaning singles that were released from the album, most notably, "One More Try", "I Want Your Sex" and "Father Figure". Faith was the best-selling album of 1988 in the United States, and eventually reached Diamond certification by the RIAA. Closely behind Faith, the Dirty Dancing soundtrack spent 11 non-consecutive weeks in the top position. From its August 1987 release, it spent a total of 18 weeks at #1 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum eleven times.
Guns N' Roses' debut album, Appetite for Destruction, was their first number one album on the Billboard 200, and is one of the best selling albums in the U.S., being certified diamond (plus 18× platinum) by the RIAA.
Van Halen, Bon Jovi, and U2 each garnered their second number-one albums on the Billboard 200, while Tiffany, Def Leppard, Anita Baker, and Steve Winwood garnered their first.
Chart history
See also
1988 in music
List of number-one albums (United States)
List of best-selling albums
List of best-selling albums in the United States
References
1988
1988 record charts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20200%20number-one%20albums%20of%201987
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The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200, which is published by Billboard magazine. The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales. In 1987, a total 9 albums reached the number one position.
The beginning of the year started with the continuation of the end of last year's number one album, Live 1975-85 by Bruce Springsteen, but was quickly overtaken by Bon Jovi, and Slippery When Wet, which returned to the top spot, and became their first number one album. Whitney Houston scored her second #1 with Whitney, which had the longest run among the releases, spending 11 consecutive weeks at the top. The album became the first by a female artist ever to debut at #1 in the Billboard 200, and produced a then-record-equaling four #1 singles from one album; which was broken two months later when Michael Jackson's Bad produced five number ones. Whitney is one of only nine albums in music history to produce at least four #1 Hot 100 hits from the same album. Both U2 and Beastie Boys gained their first number one albums, with The Joshua Tree, and Licensed to Ill.
Chart history
See also
1987 in music
List of number-one albums (United States)
List of best-selling albums
List of best-selling albums in the United States
References
1987
1987 record charts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion%20Network
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The Dominion Network was the second English-language radio network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation from January 1, 1944 to 1962.
It consisted of the CBC-owned CJBC radio station in Toronto and a series of 34 privately owned affiliates from coast-to-coast. The Dominion Network was set up as a complementary network to the CBC's main English service which became known as the Trans-Canada Network. While the Trans-Canada Network focus was on public affairs, educational and cultural programs, the Dominion Network's broadcast schedule consisted of lighter programming fare than that of the Trans-Canada Network and carried more American programming.
As well, the Dominion Network operated mostly in the evenings, freeing affiliates to air local programming during the day.
History
The Dominion Network was launched on January 1, 1944 after a request by private affiliates asking to set up their own radio network in order to carry American programming was turned down. CBC became concerned that the private stations might succeed in pressuring the government to permit such a private radio network. As a result, the CBC set up its own second network to appease demands by privately owned CBC affiliates for popular programming that would provide more commercial revenue.
The network was managed by Spence Caldwell, who later became a founder of CTV. Shows carried by the network included Duffy's Tavern, Amos & Andy and Fibber McGee and Molly.
There is an urban legend that a CBC announcer once accidentally gave a station identification as "the Dominion Network of the Canadian Broadcorping Castration", which was popularized when U.S. TV producer Kermit Schaefer included a recreation of this incident on one of his best-selling Pardon My Blooper record albums in the 1950s. Canadian political pundit Mark Steyn often refers to the CBC as such in his columns.
The network was dissolved in 1962 and most of the private stations became independent. CJBC gradually became a French-language station and is now the Southern Ontario owned-and-operated station of Radio-Canada's Première Chaîne.
Stations
Alberta
Calgary - CFCN now defunct
Edmonton - CFRN (affiliated with CBC Radio for two years after the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged) now defunct
Medicine Hat - CHAT (affiliated with CBC Radio when the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged)
British Columbia
Chilliwack - CHWK (affiliated with CBC Radio when the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged)
Penticton - CKOK (affiliated with CBC Radio when the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged)
Vancouver - CJOR
Vernon - CJIB
Victoria - CJVI (affiliated with CBC Radio when the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged)
Manitoba
Brandon - CKX (affiliated with CBC Radio when the Trans-Canada and Dominion Networks merged)
Winnipeg - CKRC
New Brunswick
Saint John - CFBC
Nova Scotia
Halifax - CHNS
Sydney - CJCB (from 1948, previously a TCN affiliate)
Ontario
Brantford - CKPC
Fort Frances - CKFI
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket%20%28programming%20language%29
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Racket is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language and a multi-platform distribution that includes the Racket language, compiler, large standard library, IDE, development tools, and a set of additional languages including Typed Racket (a sister language of Racket with a static type-checker), Swindle, FrTime, Lazy Racket, R5RS & R6RS Scheme, Scribble, Datalog, Racklog, Algol 60 and several teaching languages.
The Racket language is a modern dialect of Lisp and a descendant of Scheme. It is designed as a platform for programming language design and implementation. In addition to the core Racket language, Racket is also used to refer to the family of programming languages and set of tools supporting development on and with Racket. Racket is also used for scripting, computer science education, and research.
The Racket platform provides an implementation of the Racket language (including a runtime system, libraries, and compiler supporting several compilation modes: machine code, machine-independent, interpreted, and JIT) along with the DrRacket integrated development environment (IDE) written in Racket. Racket is used by the ProgramByDesign outreach program, which aims to turn computer science into "an indispensable part of the liberal arts curriculum".
The core Racket language is known for its extensive macro system which enables creating embedded and domain-specific languages, language constructs such as classes or modules, and separate dialects of Racket with different semantics.
The platform distribution is free and open-source software distributed under the Apache 2.0 and MIT licenses. Extensions and packages written by the community may be uploaded to Racket's package catalog.
History
Development
Matthias Felleisen founded PLT Inc. in the mid 1990s, first as a research group, soon after as a project dedicated to producing pedagogic materials for novice programmers (lectures, exercises/projects, software). In January 1995, the group decided to develop a pedagogic programming environment based on Scheme. Matthew Flatt cobbled together MrEd, the original virtual machine for Racket, from libscheme, wxWidgets, and a few other free systems. In the years that followed, a team including Flatt, Robby Findler, Shriram Krishnamurthi, Cormac Flanagan, and many others produced DrScheme, a programming environment for novice Scheme programmers and a research environment for soft typing. The main development language that DrScheme supported was named PLT Scheme.
In parallel, the team began conducting workshops for high school teachers, training them in program design and functional programming. Field tests with these teachers and their students provided essential clues for directing the development.
Over the following years, PLT added teaching languages, an algebraic stepper, a transparent read–eval–print loop, a constructor-based printer, and many other innovations to DrScheme, producing an application-quality pedagogic program develo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Canada%20Network
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The Trans-Canada Network was the name assigned to the main English-language radio network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to distinguish it from the CBC's second network, the Dominion Network. Today, it is known as CBC Radio One. The Trans-Canada Network branding was inaugurated on January 1, 1944 when the Dominion Network was launched; due to the CBC's existing programming contracts, however, the networks operated on an interim basis for the first several months of 1944, before officially launching in September.
The Trans-Canada Network was the principal service of the CBC and focused more on serious programming such as news, public affairs, classical music and educational programming while the Dominion Network carried lighter, more commercial fare. However, both networks aired commercials.
While the Dominion Network was made up almost entirely of privately owned affiliates (with the exception of the flagship station CJBC in Toronto), most Trans-Canada Network stations were owned by the CBC, although in some smaller communities, a private station would be required to air several hours a day of Trans-Canada Network programming.
In 1962 the Dominion Network was dissolved and the Trans-Canada Network became known simply as CBC or CBC Radio, and significantly adjusted its affiliation agreements accordingly. Over the next decade the CBC established a new second English-language network of FM stations that, in 1975, became officially known as CBC Stereo to distinguish it from the AM CBC Radio network. In 1997, as many CBC Radio stations had moved to FM, the networks were redesignated CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2.
References
CBC Radio
Defunct Canadian radio networks
1944 establishments in Canada
1962 disestablishments in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Pierson
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Chris Pierson is an American computer game designer as well as an author of several books in the Dragonlance saga. He has written many books for the series.
Career
Chris Pierson was born in Canada.
Chris first wanted to write novels for the Dragonlance saga at the age of 12, which is when he first picked up a copy of a Dragonlance book. He finished his first novel at 16, which he describes as dreadful. He received his big break when Margaret Weis (one of the most prestigious authors in the Dragonlance series) sent out an open call for submissions to an online site. The submissions, if accepted, would be used in an anthology of sorts. Chris had his first story accepted.
At the 1997 Gen Con game fair, TSR approached him about writing books for the Dragonlance series. He wrote the Kingpriest Trilogy and the Taladas Trilogy. His other Dragonlance novels are the Bridges of Time novels Spirit of the Wind and Dezra's Quest.
As a computer game designer, Chris Pierson was one of four systems designers for the early MMORPG fantasy game Asheron's Call. Pierson worked as a writer and designer on The Lord of the Rings Online.
Pierson's short fiction has appeared in the anthologies Time Twisters, Pandora's Closet, Fellowship Fantastic, The Dimension Next Door, and Terribly Twisted Tales.
Pierson lives in Boston, Massachusetts with his wife Rebekah and their children.
Dragonlance novels
Bridges of Time series
Spirit of the Wind
Dezra's Quest
The Kingpriest Trilogy
Chosen of the Gods
Divine Hammer
Sacred Fire
The Taladas Trilogy
Blades of the Tiger
Trail of the Black Wyrm
Shadow of the Flame
References
External links
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%20International%20Academic%20Network
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The Geneva International Academic Network (GIAN) was subsumed by the Swiss Network for International Studies (SNIS) in late 2007 which assumes the mission, the rights and the responsibilities of the GIAN. The new organisation was created by the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) in collaboration with the Centre for Comparative and International Studies of ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich, the World Trade Institute in Bern, the Swiss Tropical Institute in Basel, and the University of St.Gallen.
The GIAN (also known by its French acronym RUIG: Réseau universitaire international de Genève) was an international research network founded by the University of Geneva, the Graduate Institute of International Studies (GIIS/IUHEI) and the Graduate Institute of Development Studies (GIDS/IUED). These last two organisations have been merged into the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Various international organizations, notably the UN Office at Geneva and the International Committee of the Red Cross, also participated significantly in the network's establishment. The GIAN benefited from the collaborative and financial support of the Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Education of the Canton of Geneva.
The GIAN goal was to create partnerships between various organisations and groups, principally academic institutions and international organisations to further the role of Geneva and Switzerland in the service of peace and justice. One of the GIAN's primary objectives was to promote research and academic activities that combined the talents available within international organisations and the academic community in Geneva. Providing financial assistance to practical and action-oriented activities in the area of international relations, particularly those containing a strong research component, was a specific characteristic of this academic network.
Site
In June 2007, the Secretariat of the GIAN moved out of its offices at the Villa Rigot, and was temporarily headquartered in the building which also hosts the Swiss Mission to the United Nations Office at Geneva, the European Free Trade Association and the Varembé conference centre.
Activities
The GIAN used an annual tendering procedure for the funding of academic activities. A maximum of SFr 300,000 was allotted per project. After the 2006 tendering procedure, this tool was no longer used. In 2007, the GIAN extended its "Small Grants" programme for funding not to exceed SFr 50,000, but due to the closure of the GIAN at the end of 2007, the deadline for Small Grant requests was set for 30 June 2007.
Between 2001 and 2005, the Foundation Board of the GIAN approved 32 projects within the framework of its tendering procedure and 13 projects within the "Small Grants" programme. In 2006, another 11 projects were approved for over SFR 2 million.
Organisation
The GIAN was a Foundation, and as su
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20asteroid%20physical%20characteristics
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For most numbered asteroids, almost nothing is known apart from a few physical parameters and orbital elements. Some physical characteristics can only be estimated. The physical data is determined by making certain standard assumptions.
Dimensions
For many asteroids, lightcurve analysis provides estimates of pole direction and diameter ratios. Pre-1995 estimates collected by Per Magnusson are tabulated in the PDS, with the most reliable data being the syntheses labeled in the data tables. More recent determinations for several dozens of asteroids are collected at the web page of a Finnish research group in Helsinki which is running a systematic campaign to determine poles and shape models from lightcurves.
These data can be used to obtain a better estimate of dimensions. A body's dimensions are usually given as a tri-axial ellipsoid, the axes of which are listed in decreasing order as . If we have the diameter ratios , from lightcurves, and an IRAS mean diameter , one sets the geometric mean of the diameters for consistency, and obtains the three diameters:
Mass
Barring detailed mass determinations, the mass can be estimated from the diameter and assumed density values worked out as below.
Besides these estimations, masses can be obtained for the larger asteroids by solving for the perturbations they cause in each other's orbits, or when the asteroid has an orbiting companion of known orbital radius. The masses of the largest asteroids 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta can also be obtained from perturbations of Mars.
While these perturbations are tiny, they can be accurately measured from radar ranging data from the Earth to spacecraft on the surface of Mars, such as the Viking landers.
Density
Apart from a few asteroids whose densities have been investigated, one has to resort to enlightened guesswork. See Carry for a summary.
For many asteroids, a value of has been assumed.
However, density depends on the asteroid's spectral type. Krasinsky et al. gives calculations for the mean densities of C, S, and M class asteroids as 1.38, 2.71, and 5.32 g/cm3. (Here "C" included Tholen classes C, D, P, T, B, G, and F, while "S" included Tholen classes S, K, Q, V, R, A, and E). Assuming these values (rather than the present ~2 g/cm3) is a better guess.
Surface gravity
Spherical body
For a spherical body, the gravitational acceleration at the surface is given by
where is the gravitational constant, is the mass of the body, and is its radius.
Irregular body
For irregularly shaped bodies, the surface gravity will differ appreciably with location. The above formula then is only an approximation, as the calculations become more involved. The value of at surface points closer to the center of mass is usually somewhat greater than at surface points farther out.
Centripetal force
On a rotating body, the apparent weight experienced by an object on the surface is reduced by the centripetal force, when one is away from the poles. The centripetal accelera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise%20of%20the%20Cybermen
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"Rise of the Cybermen" is the fifth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, which was first broadcast on BBC One on 13 May 2006. The episode introduces a terrestrial reinvention of the Cybermen, as well as a parallel universe which would serve as a recurring plot element in the series. It is the first part of a two-part story, the concluding part being "The Age of Steel", broadcast on 20 May.
The episode is set in the parallel universe's version of London. In the episode, the businessman John Lumic (Roger Lloyd-Pack) seeks to "upgrade" all of humanity into Cybermen by placing their brains inside metal exoskeletons.
The episode was directed by Graeme Harper, who became the first and so far only person in the show's history to have directed episodes in both the original and revived runs of the series: he previously directed the critically acclaimed serial The Caves of Androzani in 1984, and Revelation of the Daleks in 1985.
The episode was the first Doctor Who story to feature the Cybermen in the show's 2005 revival. They last appeared 18 years prior in Silver Nemesis.
Plot
The Tenth Doctor, Rose, and Mickey Smith crash land in London on a parallel Earth. The trip has caused all of the TARDIS apart from a small power cell to die. The Doctor energises the cell with some of his own lifeforce. The cell needs twenty-four hours to fully recharge before the group can return home, so they decide to explore. Rose is shocked to see a billboard with her father Pete's picture on it, knowing that her real father died when she was an infant. Mickey heads off on his own to try to find his grandmother Rita-Anne, who died in his universe years earlier after falling down the stairs. The Doctor and Rose discover that most of the population of London wear EarPod devices that feed information directly into the wearer's brain from Cybus Industries, which owns Pete's health drink company Vitex.
Meanwhile, the head of Cybus Industries, John Lumic, tries and fails to gain approval from the President of Great Britain for his plan to "upgrade" humanity by placing their brains into metal exoskeletons. Unknown to everyone else, Lumic has already been secretly turning homeless people into Cybermen. Cybus is being investigated by a group called the Preachers, who have been receiving secret information about Lumic's technology from "Gemini". Jake Simmonds, one of the Preachers, witnesses a group of homeless people being lured into lorries to be converted and goes to collect help. Jake finds Mickey at his grandmother's house, and confuses him with his parallel counterpart, Ricky. Jake takes Mickey to the Preachers' base where Ricky and Mickey meet. After some initial distrust, Mickey decides to join the Preachers as they follow the Cybus lorries that kidnapped the homeless to Pete's mansion, which is hosting the birthday party of his wife, Jackie, who did not have a child in this universe and instead gave the name "Rose" t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20V.%20Oppenheim
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Alan Victor Oppenheim (born 1937) is a professor of engineering at MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. He is also a principal investigator in MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), at the Digital Signal Processing Group.
His research interests are in the general area of signal processing and its applications. He is co-author of the widely used textbooks Discrete-Time Signal Processing and Signals and Systems. He is also the editor of several advanced books on signal processing.
Education
Oppenheim received his B.S. and M.S. degrees simultaneously in 1961 and his D.Sc. degree in 1964, all in electrical engineering, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His dissertation Superposition in a Class of Nonlinear Systems was written under the direction of Amar Bose. He is also the recipient of an honorary doctorate from Tel Aviv University (1995). In 1964, Oppenheim joined the faculty at MIT, where he is currently Ford Professor of Engineering and a MacVicar Faculty Fellow. Since 1967 he has been affiliated with MIT Lincoln Laboratory and since 1977 with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Affiliations and awards
Oppenheim was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for innovative research, writing of pioneering textbooks, and inspired teaching in the field of digital signal processing. He is a fellow of the IEEE, a member of Sigma Xi and ΗΚΝ. He has been a Guggenheim Fellow and a Sackler Fellow.
He has also received a number of awards for outstanding research and teaching, including the IEEE Centennial Medal (1984), the IEEE Education Medal (1988), the IEEE Third Millennium Medal (2000), the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal (2007), the Society Award, the Technical Achievement Award and the Senior Award of the IEEE Society on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. He has also received a number of awards at MIT for excellence in teaching.
Publications
Oppenheim is author or co-author of many books, including:
References
External links
Page at MIT. Contains bio and news.
Alan Oppenheim Playlist Appearance on WMBR's Dinnertime Sampler radio show March 10, 2004
Digital Signal Processing lecture MIT Courseware
1937 births
Educators from New York City
American electrical engineers
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Fellow Members of the IEEE
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
Engineers from New York City
American textbook writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Kuselias
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Erik Kuselias is an Emmy award winning television and radio personality and host who currently works for CBS Sports, where he hosts “Sportsline” (the network’s show on sports wagering) and CBS Sports HQ.
A MENSA member, Kuselias is known for his high intellect, pop culture humor and fast paced energetic hosting style. He is one of the nation’s leading fantasy football and sports wagering experts.
Education/Upbringing
Kuselias was born (and currently resides) in Hamden, CT. He attended Hamden High School where he was a quarterback and two-time all state baseball player. He was recruited to play both sports and attended Brown University, where he double majored with honors. After college, Kuselias attended the University of Michigan Law school. After law school, Kuselias was admitted to Columbia University’s school of Journalism, where he received his masters and did his PhD studies.
Career
In 2003 while he was practicing law, Kuselias and his brother started a sports talk show “The Sports Brothers” that aired for one hour per week. Later that year, Kuselias was hired by ESPN and “The Sports Brothers” became ESPN’s national afternoon drive time program. In 2005 the show was rebranded “The Erik Kuselias show” and became the fastest growing sports talk radio show in the nation, ultimately reaching over 400 stations.
In 2007, ESPN tapped Kuselias to host its new daily tv show, NASCAR Now, which was nominated for an Emmy for “Best studio show” that year. However, in 2008, Kuselias left NASCAR Now and he created and starred in “Fantasy Football Now” which won an Emmy in Kuselias’s first year. Additionally, he went back to radio full time and appeared on a variety of ESPN TV programs including “Mike and Mike in the Morning”, “College Football Live”, “NFL Live” and “SportsCenter”.
In 2011, Kuselias left ESPN to join “Golf Channel” where he started and hosted “Morning Drive”. In 2012, he was promoted up to NBC Sports where he hosted "ProFootball Talk" with Mike Florio; and "Fantasy Football Talk". On August 4, 2012, NBC announced that it was launching the NBC Sports Radio network, and its flagship morning show would be the “Erik Kuselias Show”. Kuselias did TV and radio at NBC until 2016 when he partnered with Genesis Communications to broadcast “The Erik Kuselias show” on radio.
In 2018, Kuselias was hired by CBS Sports, where he currently works.
Personal life
Kuselias is 6’ 1” and a fitness enthusiast. From 2001 to 2012 he was married to Kristen Kuselias. In 2011, Kuselias began a 7 year relationship with TV Host/fitness model Holly Sonders that ended in divorce in 2016. Kuselias has two sons (Erik and Troy)
References
National Hockey League broadcasters
American radio personalities
Brown University alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Connecticut lawyers
People from Hamden, Connecticut
College football announcers
National Football League announcers
Golf writers and broadcasters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo%20Edit
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Komodo Edit is a free and open source text editor for dynamic programming languages. It was introduced in January 2007 to complement ActiveState's commercial Komodo IDE. As of version 4.3, Komodo Edit is built atop the Open Komodo project. Komodo IDE is no longer supported and maintained by developers for Python.
History
Komodo Edit 4.0 was originally a freeware version of Komodo IDE 4.0, released in 2007-02-14.
On 2008-03-05, ActiveState Software Inc. announced Komodo Edit 4.3 to be open-sourced software, licensed under Mozilla Public License (MPL), GNU General Public License (GPL), and GNU Lesser Public License (LGPL).
Open Komodo
It is a subset version of Komodo Edit, with initial goal of Web development. The code was to be available between late October or early November 2007, with Open Komodo code repository created by ActiveState in August 2007.
On 2007-10-30, ActiveState Software Inc. announced the release of Open Komodo. The initial release was 1.0.0 Alpha 1.
Komodo Snapdragon
It is an announced initiative from ActiveState to create an open source development environment that promotes open standards on the web. It was to be based on Open Komodo.
Features
Many of Komodo's features are derived from an embedded Python interpreter.
Open Komodo uses Mozilla and Scintilla code base to provide its features, including support for many popular languages (including Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Tcl, SQL, Smarty, CSS, HTML, and XML), across all common operating systems (Linux, OS X, and Windows). The editor component is implemented using the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI), with the Scintilla view embedded in the XML User Interface Language (XUL) interface in the same manner as a web browser plugin.
Both Komodo Edit and IDE support user customizing via plug-ins and macros. Komodo plug-ins are based on Mozilla Add-ons and extensions can be searched for, downloaded, configured, installed and updated from within the application. Available extensions include a functions list, pipe features, additional language support and user interface enhancements.
Komodo IDE has features found in an integrated development environment (IDE), such as integrated debugger support, Document Object Model (DOM) viewer, interactive shells, source code control integration, and the ability to select the engine used to run regular expressions, to ensure compatibility with the final deployment target.
The commercial version also adds code browsing, a database explorer, collaboration, support for many popular source code control systems, and more. Independent implementations of some of these features, such as the database editor, Git support, and remote FTP file access, are available in the free version via Komodo Edit's plugin system.
References
External links
Open Komodo
Unix text editors
Windows text editors
MacOS text editors
Free text editors
Free software programmed in C
Linux text editors
Linux integrated development environments
Free int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRC
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MRC may refer to
Government
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
Medical Reserve Corps, a US network of volunteer organizations
Municipalité régionale de comté (regional county municipality), Quebec, Canada
Military Revolutionary Committee, in revolutionary Russia
Virginia Marine Resources Commission
Mail recovery center, or postal dead letter office
The Mississippi River Commission
Organizations
Malaysian Red Crescent Society, a humanitarian organisation
Media Research Center, a US organization
Media Rating Council, a US organization
Medicare Rights Center, a US nonprofit organization
Migrant Resource Centre, an Australian organisation
Politics
Mombasa Republican Council, a Kenyan separatist organization
Movement for the Rehabilitation of Citizens–Rurenzangemero, a Burundi political party
Mouvement républicain et citoyen (Citizen and Republican Movement), a French political party
Mouvement Révolutionnaire Congolais (Congolese Revolutionary Movement), a rebel group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sports
Manchester Rugby Club
Melbourne Racing Club, a thoroughbred horse racing club
Montreal Rowing Club
Mosman Rowing Club, in Sydney, Australia
Science and technology
Maximal-ratio combining, a method of encoding signals in telecommunications
Minimum resolvable contrast, a measurement associated with imaging devices
Mixed raster content, a method of image compression
Molonglo Reference Catalogue of Radio Sources, an astronomical catalogue
Multiple regression/correlation, a statistical method
MRC (file format), originally created for storing electron microscopy data
Memory Reference Code, a component of Intel computer firmware
Memory Recall, a function key on a calculator
.mrc, the common file extension for mIRC scripts
Scientific research
Medical Research Council (disambiguation), any of several national medical research organizations
MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC GIDA)
Mekong River Commission
Other
EmArcy, record label
Maricopa (Amtrak station), Arizona, US, code
MRC (company), US media company
Mendocino Redwood Company, a forest products company
Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick, archive service
Morocco, ITU code
Mount Royal College, now Mount Royal University
Multi-Racing Championship, a Nintendo 64 video game
mrc, the ISO 639 code for the Maricopa language
M.R. Chandrasekharan (born 1929), Indian literary critic
See also
Mr. C (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Brothers%20Garc%C3%ADa
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The Brothers García is an American teen sitcom created by Jeff Valdez, Mike Cevallos, and Gibby Cevallos. It was among the first projects of Sí TV, an effort to produce programming featuring Latino characters that are aimed at a diverse audience. The series was billed as the first English-language sitcom to have an all-Latino cast and creative team. It aired on Nickelodeon from July 23, 2000 to August 8, 2004. After the show, Sí TV launched its own cable-television network.
In 2021, co-creator Jeff Valdez announced that he had obtained the rights to make a sequel series. The reboot was ordered by HBO Max and it is controlled entirely by Valdez's company, New Cadence Productions.
Overview
The series follows the life of the Mexican American García family, as narrated by the adult version of one of the family's sons, Larry. Larry recounts his life alongside George, Carlos, and Lorena (his two brothers and fraternal twin sister, respectively), and the way they deal with everyday problems such as school, work, growing up, and all living in one house in San Antonio, Texas.
The series is about boys being boys, with Larry, George and Carlos Garcia putting brotherly love to the test. The Brothers Garcia makes television history as the first English language sitcom with an all Latino cast, directors, and producers. From his funny, now adult perspective, Larry Garcia recalls his quest as an 11-year-old to fit in with his older brothers (13-year-old athletic Carlos and George, a 12-year-old walking encyclopedia) and to express his individuality, despite the attention-getting behavior of his fraternal twin sister Lorena. Ray is a proud father who works as a history professor and his wife Sonia works as a strict hairdresser from an in-house salon who always attempts to make her kids the best they can be. The show is narrated by John Leguizamo as the voice of Adult Larry.
Episodes
Season 1 (2000)
Season 2 (2001)
Season 3 (2002)
Season 4 (2003–04)
Cast
Main
Carlos Lacámara as Ray García
Ada Maris as Sonia García
Jeffrey Licon as Carlos García
Bobby Gonzalez as George García
Vaneza Pitynski as Lorena García
Alvin Alvarez as Larry García
John Leguizamo as Adult Larry García (voice)
Recurring
Lupe Ontiveros as Abuelita (4 episodes)
James Santigo as CJ
Jerry Messing as Tiny
Kay Panabaker as Carrie Bauer
Camille Guaty as Alex (3 episodes)
Penn Badgley as Eddie Bauer (2 episodes)
Natalie Amenula as Christina Contreras (2 episodes)
George Lopez as Mr. Fender (2 episodes)
Broadcast
The show aired in reruns on "Nick on CBS" from March 13, 2004 to September 4, 2004. Reruns on The N started on April 7, 2008, and ended on May 23, 2008.
Sequel
A sequel series to The Brothers García, consisting of ten episodes and titled The Garcias aired on April 14, 2022. The original six main cast members reprised their roles in the sequel.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2000s American single-camera sitcoms
2000s American teen sitcoms
2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYFR
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WYFR was a shortwave radio station located in Okeechobee, Florida, United States. The station was owned by Family Stations, Inc., as part of the Family Radio network, and used to broadcast traditional Christian radio programming to international audiences. WYFR ceased all shortwave transmissions July 1, 2013. In December 2013, another shortwave broadcaster, WRMI of Miami, purchased the WYFR transmission complex.
History
WYFR was descended from W1XAL, an experimental shortwave station in that was granted its license in 1927 and broadcast from Boston until 1936 when the station moved to Scituate, Massachusetts. In 1939, the call letters were changed to WRUL and initially served as an educational station broadcasting university lectures. During World War II it became a propaganda station and was leased by the US government from 1942 until the end of the war. The station became WNYW in 1966.
In 1973, it was purchased by Family Stations, Inc, and began broadcasting as WYFR on October 20, 1973. The call sign stands for "We're Your Family Radio". The station built new transmitters in Okeechobee, Florida in 1977, and closed the Scituate site in 1979. In mid-2013 Family Radio announced it would be permanently closing WYFR on June 30, 2013. The station did in fact close but was purchased by WRMI and brought back to the air in December 2013.
The interval signal of WYFR was a brass quintet playing the first eight bars of "To God Be the Glory".
Radio Taiwan International
Radio Taiwan International leased broadcast time on WYFR from Family Radio. After 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. until sometime the next morning Eastern Time Zone (depending on Daylight Saving Time), WYFR broadcast RTI programming in English, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, and Spanish. These broadcasts also ended on July 1, 2013. Family Radio, however, continued to host RTI's audio service to the Chinese community in the New York City area on a digital subchannel of Family Radio's television station, WNYJ-TV, until that station ceased operations on October 25, 2017.
References
External links
New Family Radio
FCC information for WYFR
History of WRUL-WYFR
Family Radio stations
YFR
Radio stations established in 1973
Radio stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Cantonese-language radio stations
Chinese-language radio stations in the United States
YFR
Hakka Chinese
Mandarin-language radio stations
Shortwave radio stations in the United States
1973 establishments in Florida
2013 disestablishments in Florida
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
YFR
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola%20A780
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The Motorola A780 is the second cellular PDA running the Linux operating system.
It was introduced in 2003 and sold in Europe and Asia. Some models include GPS and navigation software.
Design
The Motorola A780 is a Linux-based smartphone. When the lid is closed, the phone appears like a traditional phone, with a keypad matrix and small display, actually a window to the larger display below the lid. When the lid is flipped open, a QVGA touch screen is revealed that can be used with fingers or a supplied stylus.
Features
The phone is supplied with a number of applications including a POP and IMAP email client, Opera web browser, calendar and a viewer for PDF and Microsoft Office files. The calendar and address book can be synchronized with a Microsoft Exchange or SyncML server. The phone has a 1.3 megapixel camera recording still and video images. RealPlayer is included to play sound audio files and streamed audio and video. The phone has 48 megabytes of internal flash memory for storing user data and a slot for a microSD card. Both Bluetooth and USB are provided for communication with another computer. Character entry is via an on-screen QWERTY keyboard and hand writing recognition. Models including a GPS receiver are supplied with ALK Technologies' CoPilot Live navigation software with street level maps of Europe.
Technical details
The phone has three processors:
Baseband Processor (BP) is an ARM7TDMI that is used for basic GSM phone functions. The necessary digital signal processing is performed by an Onyx (566xx) DSP core. The BP runs the Nucleus operating system (produced by Mentor Graphics) from its own 32 MBit Flash memory.
Application Processor (AP) is an Intel PXA270 with an ARMv5TE ARM core. This runs Linux, the user interface Qtopia and the application programs.
Models with GPS use a Motorola MG4100 single chip GPS receiver integrated circuit.
The Linux operating system used, EZX Linux, is a modified version of MontaVista Consumer Electronics Linux 3.0
Linux enthusiasts
This phone is popular with Linux enthusiasts. It is able to establish a TCP/IP connection between the phone and another computer over USB or Bluetooth. One can then telnet to the phone and be presented with a bash prompt. From the prompt one can, for example, mount an NFS drive(s) on the phone. The underlying operating system, Motorola EZX is Linux based, its kernel is open source. With the source code hosted on opensource.motorola.com, it is possible to recompile and replace the kernel for this operating system. However Motorola did not publish a software development kit for native applications. Instead, they are expecting third party programs to be written in Java ME. The OpenEZX website is dedicated to providing free opensource software for this phone and others using the same OS.
See also
Motorola
List of Motorola products
List of mobile phones running Linux
OpenEZX
References
External links
A780 entry in the OpenEZX Wiki A780 Hardware detai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEBR%20%28FM%29
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KEBR 88.1 FM is a non-commercial traditional Christian radio station in Sacramento, California, which runs programming from Family Radio. Its transmitter is located in Walnut Grove, California. The station first went on the air in 1996 as KEDR, until October 17, 2005, when KEAR San Francisco moved from FM to AM, and KEDR became KEAR-FM, becoming KEBR 10 years later. This allowed Family Radio to keep a network of FM translators for KEBR, as Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations did not allow FM translators for AM stations at the time.
Prior to May 2003, KEBR-FM 89.3 FM in North Highlands, California also aired Family Radio programming, but this station was sold to KQED-FM and became KQEI-FM.
The station changed its call sign to the current KEBR on September 18, 2015. KEBR airs several Christian ministry broadcasts from noted teachers such as RC Sproul, Alistair Begg, Ken Ham, John F. MacArthur, Adriel Sanchez, Dennis Rainey, John Piper, & others as well as traditional and modern hymns & songs by Keith & Kristyn Getty, The Master's Chorale, Fernando Ortega, Chris Rice, Shane & Shane, Sovereign Grace Music, Sara Groves, & multiple other Christian and Gospel music artists.
External links
EBR
Family Radio stations
EBR
Radio stations established in 1996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPride
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InterPride is the international organization that brings together Pride organizers from across the World to network, share knowledge, and maximize impact. To this end, Pride organizers design InterPride’s structure, programs, and initiatives, to better support them at the local, regional, and global levels. InterPride also owns the label WorldPride, which the membership licenses to a member organization through a direct vote.
History
InterPride was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in Texas in the 1980s. The organization was originally known as the National Association of Lesbian/Gay Pride Coordinators (NAL/GPC), before changing the name to International Association of Lesbian/Gay Pride Coordinators (IAL/GPC) in October 1985, the International Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride Coordinators at the conference in West Hollywood, California, and eventually to InterPride in the late 1990s.
Formation of InterPride
In April 1981, Pride Coordinators Rick Turner and Marsha H. Levine, from San Francisco and Boston respectively, met at a "call to unite" for a gay and lesbian leadership conference in Los Angeles, to start an organization then known as NOLAG (National Organization of Lesbians and Gays). While discussing common issues that their individual Pride organizations faced, and remarking that their connections with the New York Pride and Los Angeles Pride committees were helpful for problem-solving, Rick and Marsha felt this trading of information was important and could develop into a potential network.
More than a year later in August 1982, Levine sent out a call for the First Annual Conference of the National Association of Lesbian/Gay Pride Coordinators (NAL/GPC), to meet in Boston. Rick Turner (now deceased) declined joining in establishing the organization, due to his deteriorating health. With the aid of San Diego Pride Committee chairperson Doug Moore, who had been collecting a list of national pride organizations, and with small donations from the Los Angeles and Boston Pride Committees, the mailing list from Moore was used to distribute a self-mailing registration form designed and produced by Levine. Though many committees expressed an interest in attending, most didn't have the funds to send delegates at that time.
On October 9, 1982, in Hill House on Beacon Hill, members from the Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Diego, and San Francisco Pride committees gathered in response to Levine's mailing. Three long tables were pushed together to make a triangular seating area. For two days many topics concerning coordinating LGBT prides was discussed, and while each city had different events, they discovered much of the planning and logistics was surprisingly similar. They voted to hold a second conference in San Diego the next year.
Milestones
Membership
As of October 26, 2022, InterPride includes 338 member organizations from 70 countries.
Annual General Meeting & World Conference
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negadon%3A%20The%20Monster%20from%20Mars
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is a 25-minute computer animated Japanese kaiju short film completed in 2005 (production started in 2003). Written and directed by Jun Awazu with his independent company Studio Magara co-produced with CoMix Wave Films, the film attempts to capture the look and feel of Showa era Japanese special effects films, mainly from the 1950s and early '60s. Negadon has been broadcast across Japan by the anime satellite television network, Animax. The film premiered on AZN Television in North America. The film has also played by the Sci-Fi Channel in the United States in 2008. Negadon, the Monster from Mars (2005) was released in North America on DVD on July 11, 2006 by Central Park Media.
Plot
In the year 2025, Earth sends an expedition to Mars in the spaceship Izanami. A huge rock formation is discovered beneath the surface, and is transported back to earth. On the way back, the rock's temperature soars, causing the Izanami to explode and crash-land in Tokyo, leaving a large crater. The rock hatches into a colossal alien life form, which proceeds to attack Japan with bolts of energy from its many appendages and orifices. Missiles, tanks, and aircraft all attack but fail to destroy Negadon (the name of the creature, although it is never stated on screen), whose thick exoskeleton protects it from conventional weaponry.
At the same time, Ryuuichi Narasaki, a downcast robotics constructor, is still devastated by the incident that cost him his left eye and the life of his only child, a young daughter. The incident was caused by the malfunctioning of his masterpiece, the giant prototype super-robot MI-6 2 Miroku. Because of the ominous threat of Negadon, Narasaki faces the painful choice of reactivating (and piloting) Miroku to destroy Negadon and save the world. After an epic battle, Narasaki (in Miroku) hauls Negadon into the upper atmosphere and destroys the space creature. His mission accomplished, Narasaki allows himself and Miroku to die when Negadon explodes.
Cast
See also
List of animated feature films
References
External links
Official Homepage (Japanese)
Official Homepage (English)
2000s animated short films
2005 science fiction films
2005 anime films
2005 television films
2005 films
Anime short films
Anime television films
Action anime and manga
Computer-animated short films
Films set in 2025
Japanese animated fantasy films
Japanese animated science fiction films
Kaiju films
Mecha anime and manga
Mars in film
Films set in the 2020s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Terrell
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Paul Terrell is an American businessman. In December 1975, he founded Byte Shop, the first personal computer retailer shop. He helped popularize personal computing to the hobbyist and home computing markets, and was the first retailer to sell an Apple Computer, the Apple I.
The Byte Shop
Paul Terrell started the Byte Shop in Mountain View, California in December 1975. By January, he was approached by individuals who wanted to open their own stores. He signed dealership agreements with them, whereby he would take a percentage of their profits, and soon there were Byte Shops in Hayward, Santa Clara, San Jose, Palo Alto, Fresno, and Portland, Oregon.
In March 1976, Terrell incorporated as Byte, Inc. and was one of the four big computer retailers, along with Dick Heisers, ("The Computer Store"), Peachtree in Atlanta, and Dick Brown.
Apple I
The Byte Shop was the first retailer of the original Apple I computer. At the time Steve Jobs was planning to sell bare circuit boards for $40, but Terrell told him that he would be interested in the machine only if it came fully assembled,
and promised to order 50 of the machines and pay $500 each on delivery.
Jobs contacted Cramer Electronics to order the components he needed to assemble the Apple I Computer. When asked how he was going to pay for the parts, he replied, "I have this purchase order from the Byte Shop chain of computer stores for 50 of my computers and the payment terms are COD. If you give me the parts on a net 30 day terms I can build and deliver the computers in that time frame, collect my money from Terrell at the Byte Shop and pay you." The credit manager called Paul Terrell and verified the validity of the purchase order.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak and their small team spent day and night building and testing the computers and delivered to Terrell on time to pay his suppliers and have a profit left over for their celebration and next order.
Expansion
Terrell grew the enterprise from the first company-owned store in Mountain View, California into a chain of dealerships initially, and eventually into a franchise operation that reached from the United States to Japan.
Byte, Inc. was not only involved in the expansion of its retail chain of stores but began a manufacturing operation to build its own proprietary BYT-8 Computer which was provided only to the Byte Shop stores. This gave both Byte Inc. and its Byte Shops a better profit margin than could be achieved by just distributing the computers of the other computer manufacturers at the time.
Legacy
In 1977, Terrell sold his chain of 58 Byte Shops to John Peers of Logical Machine Corporation.
Many of the original Byte Shop dealers eventually became independent as the personal computer marketplace grew and became segmented by the various uses and applications the PC was developing. Hobby computer stores were becoming business centers and IBM was entering the market with a computer of its own which over time would become the standar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeezebox%20%28network%20music%20player%29
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Squeezebox is a family of network music players. The original device was the SliMP3, introduced in 2001 by Slim Devices. It had an Ethernet interface and played MP3 music files from a media server. The first Squeezebox was released two years later and was followed by several more models. Slim Devices was acquired by Logitech in 2006.
History
Slim Devices was established in 2000, and was first known for its SlimServer used for streaming music, but launched a hardware player named SliMP3 able to play these streams in 2001. Although the first player was fairly simple only supporting wired Ethernet and MP3 natively, it was followed two years later by a slightly more advanced player which was renamed to Squeezebox.
Other versions followed, gradually adding native support for additional file formats, Wi-Fi-support, gradually adding larger and more advanced displays as well as a version targeting audiophile users. Support for playing music from external streaming platforms such as Pandora, Napster, Last.fm and Sirius were also added. The devices in general have two operating modes; either standalone where the device connects to an internet streaming service directly, or to a local computer running the Logitech Media Server or a network-attached storage device. Both the server software and large parts of the firmware on the most recent players are released under open source licenses.
In 2006, Slim Devices was acquired by Logitech for US$20 million. Logitech continued the development of their hardware players until they announced in August 2012 that they would be discontinued. The online service mysqueezebox.com, needed to use a Squeezebox without a private server, is still being maintained by Logitech. Given the cross-platform nature of the server and software client, some users have ensured the continued use of the platform by utilizing the Raspberry Pi as dedicated Squeezebox device (both client and server).
Squeezebox versions
SliMP3 (2001)
The first-generation hardware requires Logitech Media Server (formerly SlimServer, SqueezeCenter and Squeezebox Server), to run, which is free, open source software. It is wired-Ethernet only and natively supports one audio format, MP3. Logitech Media Server can transcode other audio formats to MP3 on the fly, using the LAME MP3 encoder.
Squeezebox (November 2003)
Second generation hardware, also called SB1 to avoid confusing it with the Squeezebox product range. The SB1 originally used the same display as the SliMP3. Main feature additions included optional 802.11b Wi-Fi, support for uncompressed PCM/WAV/AIFF audio streams, and headphone, coaxial and optical S/PDIF outputs. As with successor models, the required server may be SlimServer (ended with Rev 6.5.4), SqueezeCenter (Rev 7.x) or the Logitech Media Server. Slim Devices offered a bitmap display upgrade for this hardware, but that is no longer available. Some units have a 40×2 Noritake character display, others have a 280×16 pixel Noritake bitmap disp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernauts
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Cybernauts were a David Bowie cover band, formed as a tribute to Mick Ronson, featuring Def Leppard members Joe Elliott and Phil Collen, former Spiders from Mars members Trevor Bolder and Mick "Woody" Woodmansey, and keyboardist/vocalist, Dick Decent.
Cybernauts released a limited edition live album in Japan only, via Universal Music/Victor Entertainment Japan.
Track listing
"Watch That Man"
"Hang On to Yourself"
"Changes"
"The Supermen"
"Five Years"
"Cracked Actor"
"Moonage Daydream"
"Angel No. 9"
"The Jean Genie"
"Life on Mars"
"The Man Who Sold the World"
"Starman"
"The Width of a Circle"
"Ziggy Stardust"
"White Light White Heat"
"Rock 'N' Roll Suicide"
"Suffragette City"
"All the Young Dudes"
In 2001, Cybernauts released a two-CD set consisting of the live album plus the EP The Further Adventures of the Cybernauts which contained studio recordings, via Arachnophobia Records, England.
The Further Adventures of the Cybernauts
"Manic Depression"
"All the Young Dudes"
"Moonage Daydream"
"The Man Who Sold the World"
"Time"
"Panic in Detroit"
"Lady Grinning Soul/Moonage Daydream" (alternate version)
External links
Band website (archived)
English rock music groups
Rock music supergroups
Tribute bands
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAPT%20Limited
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AAPT is a fixed-line telecommunications company owned by TPG Telecom. It owns significant fibre and internet infrastructure in Australia. Its national network offers data, cloud, voice and internet services.
History
The company was formed by the division of the communications businesses of Australian Associated Press. In 1992 AAPIS was formed with News Corporation and John Fairfax Holdings as majority shareholders, with MCI and Todd Capital also possessing shares in the company.
The company began operating as the first significant competitor to Telstra in the long-distance voice and data markets in 1991, offering point to point microwave shots to AAP's private exchanges in Sydney and Melbourne, offering STD and International Long Distance services using the AAP's leased backbone, (which at the time was one of the largest private backbone networks in Australia) and terminating calls through a hybrid of its own network and various international and domestic interconnection agreements.
In 1992 the company secured the 1414 access to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) enabling the company to pickup calls (using autodialers), transmit and pay domestic and international carriers to deliver calls off-net. Optus around the same time decided to focus on residential. APPT (thanks to guidance from its MCI Team, and a great business billing system) made the decision to focus on the Business to Business market, their advertising agency Neo One came up with a brilliant "Turn Your Back on the Big Boys" strategy and in October 1992 AAPT released FirstChoice, offering Australian businesses double digit savings on their STD bill, and invoices with graphs showing usage, savings and comparatives to previous months. In the next four years APPT sales and customer service team of over 300 motivated sales people engaged the business market and was able to build revenues past $300 million received from over 200,000 business clients.
The company received a full carrier licence on 1 July 1997, and began a very successful campaign to build a residential client base that peaked at over 600,000 users. The company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in November of the same year.
In January 1999 Todd Capital sold its entire stake in the company.
In 2000 the company was acquired by Telecom New Zealand in stages and delisted from the stock exchange. Along with owning and operating its own national voice and data network, AAPT operated as a Virtual Network Operator in the mobile market on the Vodafone Australia network. In 2005 CommodiTel acquired AAPT's prepaid mobile customer base, and shut down operations a few years later.
Under Telecom New Zealand ownership, AAPT required significant reinvestment from its parent company, failing to provide any returns and written down in value by NZ$1.7 billion. In 2006 Telecom considered selling the business but was unable to find a buyer. In 2010, however, AAPT sold its consumer business to iiNet for over
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald%20network
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The Emerald network is a network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats of Europe, which was launched in 1989 by the Council of Europe as part of its work under the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats that came into force on 1 June 1982. It is to be set up in each Contracting Party or observer state to the convention.
The Bern Convention is signed by the 46 member states of the Council of Europe, together with the European Union, Monaco, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Tunisia and Senegal. Algeria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Vatican City, San Marino and Russia are among non-signatories that have observer status at meetings of the committee.
The European Union, as such, is also a Contracting Party to the Bern Convention. In order to fulfil its obligations arising from the convention, particularly in respect of habitat protection, it produced the Habitats Directive in 1992 and subsequently set up the Natura 2000 network.
The development of the Emerald Network in Africa has started with the implementation of pilot projects in Burkina Faso, Senegal and Morocco (ongoing). The Emerald Network could also be launched in Tunisia, at the request of the national authorities.
See also
Biogeographic regions of Europe
Ecological network
References
Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest
EEA – Glossary – Emerald Network December, 2005.
THE EMERALD NETWORK A tool for the protection of European natural habitats [PDF]
External links
A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Emerald Network Sites
Council of Europe
European Union and the environment
Ecology organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligence
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The biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) is the leading conference in the field of Artificial Intelligence in Europe, and is commonly listed together with IJCAI and AAAI as one of the three major general AI conferences worldwide. The conference series has been held without interruption since 1974, originally under the name AISB.
The conferences are held under the auspices of the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI) and organized by one of the member societies. The journal AI Communications, sponsored by the same society, regularly publishes special issues in which conference attendees report on the conference.
Publication of a paper in ECAI is considered by some journals to be archival: the paper should be considered equivalent to a journal publication and that the contents of ECAI papers cannot be reformulated as separate journal submissions unless a significant amount of new material is added.
List of ECAI conferences
ECAI-1992 took place in Vienna, Austria.
ECAI-2000 took place in Berlin, Germany.
ECAI-2004 took place in Valencia, Spain.
ECAI-2006 took place in Riva del Garda, Italy.
ECAI-2008 took place in Patras, Greece.
ECAI-2010 took place in Lisbon, Portugal.
ECAI-2012 took place in Montpellier, France.
ECAI-2014 took place in Prague, Czech Republic.
ECAI-2016 took place in The Hague, Netherlands.
ECAI-2018 took place in Stockholm, Sweden.
ECAI-2020 took place in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
ECAI-2022 took place in Vienna, Austria.
ECAI-2023 took place in Kraków, Poland.
References
External links
Artificial intelligence conferences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Protocol%20Control%20Protocol
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In computer networking, Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) is a Network Control Protocol (NCP) for establishing and configuring Internet Protocol over a Point-to-Point Protocol link. IPCP is responsible for configuring the IP addresses as well as for enabling and disabling the IP protocol modules on both ends of the point-to-point link. IPCP uses the same packet exchange mechanism as the Link Control Protocol. IPCP packets may not be exchanged until PPP has reached the Network-Layer Protocol phase, and any IPCP packets received before this phase is reached should be silently discarded. IPCP has the NCP protocol code number 0x8021.
Each of the two endpoints of a PPP connection must send an IPCP configure request to its peer because the TCP/IP options are independent for each direction of a PPP connection.
A PPP endpoint can request a specific IP address from its peer. It can also ask the peer to suggest an IP address by requesting the address 0.0.0.0; the peer then sends its suggestion in an IPCP Nak packet, which the first peer must subsequently request in order to complete the negotiation. In practice, in protocols like PPPoE which is commonly used in home broadband connections, the latter method (request suggestion, nak with suggestion, request suggested address) is used to set the IP address of the ISP's client endpoint (i.e. the customer-premises equipment), while the former method (request address) is used to inform the client of the ISP endpoint IP (provider edge equipment).
A similar NCP, the IPv6 Control Protocol exists for IPv6. It can be used together with IPCP on the same PPP connection for a dual stack link. (When interfacing newer and older equipment that doesn't support IPv6 one sees LCP ProtRej messages for protocol 0x8057 from the side that doesn't support IPV6CP.)
IP Frame
After the configuration is done, the link is able to carry IP data as a payload of the PPP frame. This code indicates that IP data is being carried.
IPCP header:
Code.
8 bits.
Specifies the function to be performed.
Identifier.
8 bits.
Used to match requests and replies.
Length.
16 bits.
Size of the packet including the header.
Data.
Variable length.
Zero or more bytes of data as indicated by the Length.
This field may contain one or more Options.
Configuration Options
IPCP Configuration Options allow negotiatiation of desirable Internet Protocol parameters. IPCP uses the same Configuration Option format defined for LCP Link Control Protocol, with a separate set of Options.
IPCP Configuration Options:
Option.
8 bits.
Length.
8 bits.
Data.
Variable length.
IP-Compression-Protocol
IP-Address
Microsoft
In the Microsoft implementation, "Common IPCP options include an IP address and the IP addresses of DNS and NetBIOS name servers."
See also
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
References
: The Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)
: PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP) Extensions
: The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
: PPP Internet Pro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIIS%20%28programming%20language%29
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MIIS (Meditech Interpretive Information System) is a MUMPS-like programming language that was created by A.Neil Pappalardo and Curt W. Marble, on a DEC PDP at Mass General Hospital from 1964 to 1968. MUMPS evolution took two major directions: MUMPS proper and MIIS. MUMPS became an ANSI and ISO-standard language. When many MUMPS implementations standardized to be compatible, MIIS did not standardize, but became a proprietary system instead.
As an example of the differences between MUMPS and MIIS, the value of a logical expression in MUMPS may be false = zero or true = non-zero, canonically, one. In MIIS, the value false is the empty string and the value of true is a string consisting of the ASCII delete character (code 127 decimal).
There is also a philosophical difference between the dialects. MIIS often takes the approach that code should march along, regardless of possible errors, where MUMPS will error out to prevent more serious problems. For example, when encountering an undefined variable, MUMPS generates an error where MIIS treats it as nil.
In the 1980s Brigham and Women's Hospital in Massachusetts used MIIS to program their Data General Mainframe.
In 1986, SCAMC reported that Vancouver General Hospital also had an Integrated Cardiology Patient Management System written in MIIS.
The MIIS language has been used in programming library systems as well as health industry systems. The OCLC's library system is one example. It has also been used to create financial systems for insurance brokers, as seen in Ireland and the UK in the late 1970s.
References
MUMPS programming language family
Dynamically typed programming languages
Scripting languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel%20%28Denmark%29
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REBEL - Revolutionære Unge Socialister (Revolutionary Young Socialists) was an independent Danish far-left youth organisation founded in 1992. In 2001, REBEL joined forces with the youth network of the Red-Green Alliance / Enhedslisten and established Socialist Youth Front.
External links
Article on Rebel at leksikon.org- In Danish
Political youth organizations based in Denmark
Socialism in Denmark
Youth organizations established in 1992
Organizations disestablished in 2001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg%20Income%20Study
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LIS Cross-National Data Center, formerly known as the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), is a non-profit organization registered in Luxembourg which produces a cross-national database of micro-economic income data for social science research. The project started in 1983 and is headquartered in Luxembourg. The database includes over 300 datasets from about 50 high- and middle-income countries, with some countries represented for over 30 years. Nationally representative household income survey data is commonly, though not exclusively, provided by the participant country's national statistics collection agency (e.g. Statistics Canada; the Australian Bureau of Statistics). These and other agencies make annual financial contributions which support the database production and maintenance.
The LIS database contains anonymised demographic, income, labour market, and expenditure information at two different levels of analysis (household and persons). The data have, as far as is practical, been transformed to a structure which make different national data equivalent. Data access is only provided for research projects in the social sciences, commercial use is not permitted. For data security reasons the datasets cannot be downloaded or directly accessed. After being granted permission to use the data, users submit SPSS, SAS, R or Stata programs under their username and password to a remote server. The statistical results are automatically returned via email.
Datasets in the database are grouped in intervals referred to as "waves": 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013. The LIS data are only suitable for cross-sectional analysis as households cannot be linked over time.
Researchers must agree to publish their papers in the LIS working paper series. This does not preclude other forms of publication. As of 2015, there are over 600 research papers in the series. The data are particularly suitable for cross-national comparisons of poverty and inequality and there are many papers on these topics in the working paper series.
LIS has recently included more middle-income countries. In 2007, a cross-national database on wealth, named 'LWS', became available. It contains data from a subset of the countries participating in the LIS Database.
The LIS website contains registration for data access, dataset contents, self-teaching tutorials, and a working paper series which includes abstracts and full texts.
History
The Luxembourg Income Study was created in 1983 by Americans Timothy Smeeding, an economist, Lee Rainwater, a sociologist, and Luxembourgian Gaston Schaber, a psychologist. Smeeding, Rainwater, and Schaber developed LIS to aggregate household-level income data for the purpose conducting cross-national comparative research across a set of developed countries. Besides the aggregation of international household data, LIS researchers sought to harmonize these data by making income variables and definitions comparable across countries. The initial s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathering
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Feathering is a technique used in computer graphics software to smooth or blur the edges of a feature. The term is inherited from a technique of fine retouching using fine feathers.
Paintbrush feathering
Feathering is most commonly used on a paintbrush tool in computer graphics software. This form of feathering makes the painted area appear smooth. It may give the effect of an airbrush or spraypaint. Color is concentrated at the center of the brush area, and it blends out toward the edges.
Selection feathering
Feathering is not only used on paintbrushes in computer graphics software. Feathering may also blend the edges of a selected feature into the background of the image. When composing an image from pieces of other images, feathering helps make added features look "in place" with the background image. For instance, if someone were to want to add a leaf to a photograph of grass using computer graphics software, he or she might use feathering on the leaf to make it blend in with the grassy background.
Clone tool feathering
The "Clone" tool is very important in photograph manipulation on computer graphics software. The clone tool is used to actively copy and offset pixels from one area of an image to another while the artist moves the clone tool around the area to be copied. A good example is the use of the clone tool to cover a skin blemish by copying skin from one area of an image and placing it over the blemish. An important aspect of making a clone tool blend well in an image is to use feathering on the clone tool. This makes the pixels being copied have more effect on the area they are copied to closer to where the artist is dragging his or her mouse or stylus, and makes the pixels have less effect the farther they are from the clone tool (and where the artist is using it). Thus, with the skin example, skin pixels copied directly over the blemish will have strong effect on the blemish, thus hiding it, but skin pixels copied to the area around the blemish will not affect this area much, and will keep the natural look of the skin (wrinkles etc.) intact as much as possible.
See also
Metering mode
Vignetting
Aliasing
References
Airey, Theresa. Creative Digital Printmaking. Google Books
Evening, Martin. Adobe Photoshop CS2 for Photographers. Google Books
Tips & Tricks
Computer graphic techniques
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Issues%20Forums
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The National Issues Forums (NIF) is a US-based non partisan, nationwide network of civic, educational, and other organizations and individuals whose common interest is to promote public deliberation in America. NIF sponsors public forums and training institutions for public deliberation." Everyday citizens get to deliberate on various issues through NIF forums. Some of the issues discussed include civil rights, education, energy, government, etc. "Think, Deliberate, Act" is the slogan on the NIF.
History
In the summer 1981 at the Wing-spread Conference, 17 organizations created the Domestic Policy Association. The Domestic Policy Association was a non partisan nationwide network that would deliberate each year on 3 pressing issues. The network expanded across the nation, and it provided valuable opportunities for different people to deliberate. Soon, some larger collaborating institutions initiated the forums.
Process
Aimed not just to "talk" about problems, the NIF is a way for people to deliberate, or to have serious discussions on issues. In its early years, NIF depended on Public Agenda, an agency founded by Daniel Yankelovich, to select issues for NIF. Today, however, the process of selecting and framing issues for deliberation is handled by a variety of civic groups and organizations.
NIF forums make use of a moderator, (Melville, Willingham, Dedrick, 2005). While the moderator may not be an expert in the issue being discussed, his or her function is nonetheless important to the discussion. NIF moderators do several things:
1. Introduce issues.
2. Draw participants into discussion by keeping a healthy atmosphere for discussion (i.e., ask participants questions).
3. Encourage participants to consider alternatives carefully.
4. Lead the final segment of the discussion aimed at "reflecting" upon the experience.
In addition, some moderators submit reports on the forums to the National Issues Forums Institute, a research organization that studies deliberative dialogue and shares its findings with policymakers and other decision-makers. These reports, which are available to the public on the institute's website, can provide valuable insight into the public's thinking on a variety of national issues.
Impacts on participants
People who believe in deliberation believe that a deliberative process is important to any responsible citizen. Overall, NIF is an enriching educational experience. A participant usually gained knowledge on the issues deliberated from the forums at NIF.
The following are the possible impacts of NIF on participants, (Melville, Willingham, Dedrick, 2005):
Participation in NIF forums heightens interest in specific issues and in public affair and leads to higher levels of public engagement
Participation in NIF forums broadens the outlook of participants.
As a result of participating in forums, individuals come to experience themselves in different ways, and they learn new ways of taking part in groups.
Participatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Larry%20Kelly%20Jr.
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John Larry Kelly Jr. (December 26, 1923 – March 18, 1965), was an American scientist who worked at Bell Labs. From a "system he'd developed to analyze information transmitted over networks," from Claude Shannon's earlier work on information theory, he is best known for his 1956 work in creating the Kelly criterion formula. With notable volatility in its sequence of outcomes, the Kelly criterion can be used to estimate what proportion of wealth to risk in a sequence of positive expected value bets to maximize the rate of return. As a substantial warning, the outcome for the Kelly criterion's recommendation on bet-size "relies heavily on the accuracy" of the statistical probabilities given to a gamble's positive expectations.
Early life
He was born in Corsicana, Texas. He spent four years in the US Navy as a pilot during World War II before entering the University of Texas at Austin. He graduated with a PhD in physics in 1953.
Speech synthesis: Enter Hal 9000
In 1961, Kelly and colleagues Carol Lochbaum and Lou Gerstman created one of the most famous moments in the history of Bell Telephone Laboratories by using an IBM 7094 computer to synthesize speech. A demonstration by Kelly and Gerstman took place on May 10, 1961, at a meeting in Philadelphia of the Acoustical Society of America where a reporter noted that "A machine that talks— and sings— stole the show today as the old Bellevue Stratford vibrated with the speed of sound. The new gadget, a modified mechanical brain, recited passages from Shakespeare and sang musical selections in response to card-punched symbols, which were fed to it." Their voice recorder synthesizer vocoder recreated the song Daisy Bell, with musical accompaniment from Max Mathews. Arthur C. Clarke of 2001: A Space Odyssey fame visited his friend and colleague John Pierce at the Bell Labs Murray Hill facility and heard this remarkable speech synthesis demonstration. Clarke was so impressed that he used it in one of the climactic scenes of his novel and screenplay for 2001: A Space Odyssey, when the HAL 9000 computer sings the same song as it is being disabled by astronaut Dave Bowman.
The Las Vegas connection: Information theory and its applications to Game theory
John Kelly was an associate of Claude Shannon at Bell Labs. Together they developed a Game theory type method based on the principles of information theory developed by Shannon. It is reported that Shannon and his wife Betty went to Las Vegas with M.I.T. mathematician Ed Thorp, and made very successful forays in roulette and blackjack using this method, later called the Kelly criterion, making a fortune as detailed in the book Fortune's Formula by William Poundstone and corroborated by the writings of Elwyn Berlekamp, Kelly's research assistant in 1960 and 1962. Shannon and Thorp also applied the same theory to the stock market with even better results.
Over the decades, John Kelly's scientific formula has become a part of mainstream investment theory and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palette%20%28computing%29
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In computer graphics, a palette is the set of available colors from which an image can be made. In some systems, the palette is fixed by the hardware design, and in others it is dynamic, typically implemented via a color lookup table (CLUT), a correspondence table in which selected colors from a certain color space's color reproduction range are assigned an index, by which they can be referenced. By referencing the colors via an index, which takes less information than needed to describe the actual colors in the color space, this technique aims to reduce data usage, including processing, transfer bandwidth, RAM usage, and storage. Images in which colors are indicated by references to a CLUT are called indexed color images.
Description
As of 2019, the most common image colorspace in graphics cards is the RGB color model with 8 bits per pixel color depth. Using this technique, 8 bits per pixel are used to describe the luminance level in each of the RGB channels, therefore 24 bits fully describe the color of each pixel. The full system palette for such hardware therefore has 224 colors. The objective of the usage of smaller palettes via CLUTs is to lower the number of bits per pixel by reducing the set of possible colors that are to be handled at once (often using adaptive methods). Each possible color is assigned an index, which allows each color to be referenced using less information than needed to fully describe the color. An example is the 256-color palette commonly used in the GIF file format, in which 256 colors to be used to represent an image are selected from the whole 24 bit color space, each being assigned an 8 bit index. This way, while the system can potentially reproduce any color in the RGB color space (as long as the 256 color restriction allows), the storage requirement per pixel is lowered from 24 to 8 bits per pixel.
Master palette
In an application showing many different image thumbnails in a mosaic on screen, the program may not be able to load all the adaptive palettes of every displayed image thumbnail at the same time in the hardware color registers. A solution is to use a unique, common master palette or universal palette, which can be used to display with reasonable accuracy any kind of image.
This is done by selecting colors in such way that the master palette comprises a full RGB color space "in miniature", limiting the possible levels that the red, green and blue components may have. This kind of arrangement is sometimes referred as a uniform palette. The normal human eye has sensibility to the three primary colors in different degrees: the more to the green, the less to the blue. So RGB arrangements can take advantage of this by assigning more levels for the green component and fewer to the blue.
A master palette built this way can be filled with up to , but this does not leave space in the palette for reserved colors, color indices that the program could use for special purposes. It is more general to use only
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Kent%20%28television%20producer%29
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Steven Kent is an American television producer, writer, director, and media executive.
Career
In June 2007, Kent was named Senior Executive Vice President of Programming at Sony Pictures Television, overseeing the studio's daytime dramas The Young and the Restless on CBS Daytime and Days of Our Lives on NBC Daytime. In his new role, Kent is responsible for creating program extensions and developing new serialized programs for all dayparts. Kent reports to SPT president Steve Mosko.
Kent most recently was Senior Executive Vice President of International Productions at Sony Pictures Television International, where he oversaw the worldwide development and production of original local-language productions as well as scripted and unscripted formats.
"Steve has done a phenomenal job working with our producers to make our daytime dramas financially efficient and technically state of the art," Mosko said. "With his incredible experience with serialized programming here and around the world, he's an expert in the field in every way."
Kent joined the company in 1996 as Vice President of Production for then Columbia TriStar Television, working on such series as Dawson's Creek and Early Edition. During this time, he also was instrumental in the formation of the company's domestic Spanish-language production division, overseeing the development and production of shows for Telemundo.
Credits
Black Tie Nights (starring Glen Meadows, Beverly Lynne, Tiffany Bolton, and Amy Lindsay)
919 Fifth Avenue
Santa Barbara
Capitol
Awards and nominations
Kent was nominated four times for a Daytime Emmy Award from 1987 to 1990, and won three times.
References
External links
American television producers
American television executives
American soap opera writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch-based%20modeling
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Sketch-based modeling is a method of creating 3D models for use in 3D computer graphics applications. Sketch-based modeling is differentiated from other types of 3D modeling by its interface - instead of creating a 3D model by directly editing polygons, the user draws a 2D shape which is converted to 3D automatically by the application.
Purpose
Many computer users think that traditional 3D modeling programs such as Blender or Maya have a high learning curve. Novice users often have difficulty creating models in traditional modeling programs without first completing a lengthy series of tutorials. Sketch-based modeling tools aim to solve this problem by creating a User interface which is similar to drawing, which most users are familiar with.
Uses
Sketch-based modeling is primarily designed for use by persons with artistic ability, but no experience with 3D modeling programs. However, sketch-based modeling is also used for other applications. One popular application is rapid modeling of low-detail objects for use in prototyping and design work.
Operation
There are two main types of sketch-based modeling. In the first, the user draws a shape in the workspace using a mouse or a tablet. The system then interprets this shape as a 3D object. Users can then alter the object by cutting off or adding sections. The process of adding sections to a model is generally referred to as overdrawing. The user is never required to interact directly with the vertices or Nurbs control points.
In the second type of sketch-based modeling, the user draws one or more images on paper, then scans in the images. The system then automatically converts the sketches to a 3D model.
Research
A great deal of research is currently being done on sketch-based modeling. A number of papers on this topic are presented each year at the ACM SIGGRAPH conference. The European graphics Association Eurographics sponsored four special conferences on sketch-based modeling:
Grenoble 2004
Dublin 2005
Vienna 2006
Riverside 2007
Since 2007, Eurographics and ACM SIGGRAPH have co-sponsored the Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium which in 2011 became a part of the Expressive Graphics Symposium
The Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Joint Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling was held on
Annecy 2008
New Orleans 2009
Jointly with NPAR at Annecy 2010
at Vancouver together with NPAR and Computational Aesthetics 2011
See also
Digital sculpting
Sketch recognition
Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketch-Based Modeling: A Survey
3D computer graphics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAY%20Radio
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SLAY Radio is a 24/7 internet-only radio station dedicated to playing remixes and tunes based on music from the Commodore 64 computer, as well as the Amiga, popular in the 1980s and 1990s
The owner of the station, who started it in 1999 or 2000, is Kenneth Mutka, also known as Slaygon.
In late 2003, live shows started to air regularly, broadening the audience to people that did not have any relation at all to the Commodore 64. SLAY Radio has an active community. There are live shows where DJs and fans come together in an Internet Relay Chat channel and Discord while on air on YouTube and Twitch
SLAY Radio has been featured in numerous articles in newspapers such as Mikrobitti, GT (Swedish magazine), Computer Total (German magazine) and on Sveriges Radio.
References
External links
SLAY Radio
Swedish music websites
Internet radio stations
Commodore 64 music
Amiga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Hare
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Jon "Jops" Hare (born 20 January 1966, Ilford, Essex, England) is an English computer game designer, video game artist, musician and one of many founder members of the early UK games industry as co-founder and director, along with Chris Yates, of Sensible Software, one of the most successful European games development companies of the late 1980s and 1990s.
In 2006 the Sensible Software game Sensible World of Soccer, for which Hare was Creative Director and Lead Designer, was entered into a Games Canon of the 10 most important video games of all time by Stanford University, it was the only game developed in Europe to make the list which also included Spacewar!, Star Raiders, Zork, Tetris, SimCity, Super Mario Bros. 3, Civilization, Doom, and the Warcraft series.
Hare has the unique distinction of a #1 football game in each of 4 consecutive decades MicroProse Soccer 1988, Sensible World of Soccer 1994, Sensible Soccer (mobile) 2004 and Sociable Soccer 2019, developed by Tower Studios for whom he has been co-founder and CEO since 2004.
Visiting Professor of Games for Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge since 2017, Hare has also been a voting member of BAFTA since 2004 for whom he frequently chairs Games Awards Juries.
Biography
Gaming career
1980s
Following a year of working as a consultant games artist on various ZX81, ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64 games in 1985, Hare became co-founder of Sensible Software with school friend Chris Yates in 1986 working as co-designer and lead artist of all of Sensible's 8-bit era games including Parallax, Wizball, Microprose Soccer and SEUCK.
1990s
As Sensible Software moved into the 16-bit era in the 1990s Hare took a more active role in overseeing the business activities of the company while continuing his role as the lead designer, creative director, and predominant lead artist and musical composer of games such as Wizkid and the Sensible Soccer series, the Cannon Fodder series and Mega Lo Mania, some of the most popular software franchises of the mid-1990s. Hare and Yates sold Sensible Software to Codemasters in May 1999.
2000s
Since the sale of Sensible Software to Codemasters in 1999, Hare has worked in the capacity of a consultant designer on many games including numerous strategy, action and sports games including Real World Golf and Sensible Soccer 2006. Hare is also one of the founders and owner of games company Tower Studios, founded in 2004 with two former Bitmap Brothers it has developed a number of successful titles including mobile phone versions of Cannon Fodder and Sensible Soccer.
Hare has been a voting member of BAFTA across all media since 2004 and works periodically for BAFTA as both a juror and a mentor.
In 2006, Hare contributed a weekly politics feature to UK video game radio show One Life Left.
Hare then became a director of development at Nikitova Games, a games developer with offices in Chicago, Los Angeles and London; and development studios in Kyiv, Ukraine. They worked on sev
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JoBlo.com
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JoBlo.com is an anchor website of the JoBlo Movie Network, and it focuses on news, film reviews, and movie trailers. The network has YouTube channels that focus on trailers, movie clips, celebrity interviews, original content, and film distribution.
History
Berge "JoBlo" Garabedian founded JoBlo.com in 1998 as a hobby to keep his writing skills sharp. His film reviews generally critiqued movies from the perspective of an average movie-goer. The site eventually hired other critics to write reviews. Garabedian wrote more than 1,400 reviews as the site's main critic, until health problems forced him to withdraw in 2007. The website’s name is a play on "Joe Blow", and registered users of the website were known as "schmoes". The site also features news about movies, movie trailers, movie previews, and celebrity interviews.
In 2001, the site started holding an annual awards presentation for films chosen by the sites' visitors, and its final winners. These became known as "The Golden Schmoes".
In 2007, Garabedian was invited to take part in the "Masters of the Web" panel at the SDCC alongside other popular movie fansites like ComingSoon.net, Dark Horizons, CHUD, Ain't It Cool News, and Collider.
In February 2009, JoBlo.com started a weekly podcast called The Good, The Bad, and The JoBlo Movie Podcast. Guests have included Bobcat Goldthwait, Duncan Jones, and Clifton Collins, Jr.
In 2009, JoBlo.com launched the movie community section called MovieFanCentral, which at its peak, had over 100,000 subscribers. The community was shut down in early 2018.
In 2010, Garabedian was interviewed for the documentary film The People vs George Lucas. That year, he created JoBlo Movie Productions to executive-produce several of his own films, including 2015's The Shelter and two documentaries Arcade Dreams and 1982: Greatest Geek Year Ever.
In 2019, JoBlo.com's Editor-in-Chief Chris Bumbray began doing weekly movie reviews on the CTV NEWS channel.
Reception
In 2006, Entertainment Weekly called JoBlo one of its 25 favorite online entertainment sites. In 2007, Time magazine called Garabedian one of the "new tastemakers" in Hollywood. In 2001, USA Today called JoBlo.com one of the "Web's hottest fansites". In 2004, Variety said that "Websites like JoBlo.com and Ain't-It-Cool-News, which were once 'renegades', are now courted heavily by publicists" and that JoBlo was considered an "E-frathouse; strident in its opinions but less reliant on the rumor mill". Maclean’s September 29, 2014, issue called JoBlo one of the "YouTube stars" who was "making the most of it".
Writer/director Kevin Smith wrote the foreword to Garabedian’s 2002 book, JoBlo.com presents the 50 Coolest Movies of All-Time in which Smith compared the film critic to a "good blowjob".
See also
AICN
Dark Horizons
/Film (Slashfilm)
The Movie Insider
Box Office Mojo
References
External links
Canadian film websites
Internet properties established in 1998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid%20Inc.
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Lucid Incorporated was a Menlo Park, California-based computer software development company. Founded by Richard P. Gabriel in 1984, it went bankrupt in 1994.
History
The first CEO was Tony Slocum, formerly of IntelliCorp; and Gabriel was Lucid's Chief Technical Officer (CTO) and first president.
Initial success
The product the company ultimately shipped was an integrated Lisp IDE for Sun Microsystems' RISC hardware architecture—this sidestepped the principal failure of Lisp machines by in essence rewriting a lesser version of the Lisp machine IDE for use on a more cost-effective and less moribund architecture. In 1987, Gabriel resigned as President, but remained its CTO.
Decline
Eventually Lucid's focus shifted (during the AI Winter) from the Lisp market (which was still growing at this time) to an object-oriented IDE for C++ called "Energize". A core component of the IDE was Richard Stallman's version of Emacs, GNU Emacs. GNU Emacs was not suitable for Lucid's needs, however, and several Lucid programmers (including Jamie W. Zawinski) were assigned to help develop GNU Emacs to meet those needs. Friction arose between the programmers and Stallman, and Lucid forked the software—thus they were primarily responsible for the birth of XEmacs.
By 1994, Lucid's attempts to reinvent itself as a C++ company, and its neglect of its still profitable Lisp sideline had ended in failure, and the company's revenues fell to levels which could not sustain it. Lucid Incorporated went bankrupt. The rights to Lucid Common Lisp were sold to Harlequin Ltd. which was bought in 1999 by Global Graphics; Global Graphics then sold the rights to Xanalys Corporation, which spun off LispWorks, the current rights holder which sells Lucid Common Lisp under the "Liquid Common Lisp" label.
References
External links
Patterns of Software- a collection of essays by Gabriel, including some memoirs about Lucid (pdf)
"Letter to Chris DiBona and Tim O'Reilly"—(Open letter by Gabriel written about the XEmacs fork in response to the description of the fork in Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution )
Collection of Lucid's Source Code — Includes Lucid Common Lisp, Energize (incomplete), Lucid Emacs.
Lisp (programming language) software companies
Defunct software companies of the United States
Emacs
Companies established in 1984
Companies disestablished in 1994
Companies based in Menlo Park, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEPM-TDT
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XEPM-TDT is a television station in Ciudad Juárez owned by Televisa. Broadcasting on physical channel 29 and virtual channel 2, XEPM carries Las Estrellas programming.
History
XEPM received its concession in June 1960 and came on air on January 16, 1961. The station was named by original concessionaire Sergio R. Molinar Fernández in honor of Pedro Meneses, the husband of Molinar's sister Beatriz. Meneses started XEJ-TV in 1951.
In 1972, XEPM was sold to Telesistema del Norte, S.A. Telesistema del Norte was a wholly owned subsidiary of Telesistema Mexicano, which within a year of buying XEPM changed its name to Televisa. Under Televisa it has relayed the Las Estrellas and Canal 5 networks, and from 2007 to 2015 it was Televisa's local station for Juárez. In 1994, Telesistema del Norte merged into Canales de Televisión Populares, another Televisa subsidiary. In 2018, the concessions of all Las Estrellas stations were consolidated in the concessionaire Televimex, S.A. de C.V., as part of a corporate reorganization of Televisa's concessionaires.
In August 2015, XEPM and XHJCI swapped virtual channels and networks. XHJCI took on the virtual channel 2 and the local programming. XEPM's transmitter began carrying virtual channel 32 and Las Estrellas. XEPM returned to channel 2 in October 2016 when all transmitters of the Las Estrellas network moved to that virtual channel.
Digital television
XEPM began broadcasting in digital on October 13, 2012. The station broadcasts on physical channel 29 and has two subchannels:
The analog signal was turned off, along with those of the other stations in Juárez, on July 14, 2015.
In 2016, the station began to carry Las Estrellas El Paso, a feed of the Las Estrellas network which allows cross-border advertisers in El Paso to purchase commercial time for their own ads, and is taken by American cable providers who elect to carry XEPM-TDT.
References
Television channels and stations established in 1961
EPM-TDT
Las Estrellas transmitters
1951 establishments in Mexico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHCJH-TDT
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XHCJH-TDT, virtual channel 20 (UHF digital channel 36), is a television station located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The station is owned by TV Azteca and carries its Azteca 7 network.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
XHCJH-TDT remained on virtual channel 20 after October 2016 because the use of channel 7 would conflict with KVIA-TV.
Analog-to-digital conversion
Due to the Mexican analog-to-digital conversion mandate, XHCJH-TV analog channel 20 was shut down on July 14, 2015.
References
Azteca 7 transmitters
Spanish-language television stations in Mexico
HCJH-TDT
Television channels and stations established in 1997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHJCI-TDT
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XHJCI-TDT (physical channel 30, virtual channel 8) is a television station in Ciudad Juárez, owned by Televisa. It carries all of Televisa's local programming for Ciudad Juárez and is branded as tucanal (Your Channel).
History
Televisa Juárez obtained its third station in 1992, when Televisa was selected to continue its application for XHJCI-TV channel 32. After receiving its concession on September 21, 1994, channel 32 came to air with the Canal 5 network the next day, with full programming beginning on September 26.
In 2005, XHJCI began carrying Las Estrellas programs as part of a shuffle of Televisa Juárez's stations.
In August 2015, XEPM and XHJCI swapped virtual channels and networks. XHJCI took on the virtual channel 2 and the local programming. XEPM's transmitter began carrying virtual channel 32 and Las Estrellas. The virtual channels were switched again in 2016. On September 16, 2018, XHJCI moved to virtual channel 8.
Technical information
The station's digital channel is multiplexed:
Digital subchannels
Televisa was approved to add FOROtv to six stations, primarily regional outlets, in northern Mexico in January 2018.
Analog-to-digital conversion
Due to the Mexican analog-to-digital conversion mandate, XHJCI-TV shut down its analog signal on July 14, 2015, the date set for transition in Ciudad Juárez. Earlier in the year, XHJCI was authorized for a boost in digital ERP from 50 to 200 kW, matching Televisa's other Juárez stations.
On April 29, 2016, XHJCI was cleared to move from physical channel 41 to 30 in order to accomplish the repacking of television stations out of the 600 MHz band. This change occurred in late October of that year, when XHJCI moved back to virtual channel 32.
Repeater
In 2018, Televisa was approved to establish a repeater (679 watts ERP) of XHJCI located atop Cerro Bola, in order to serve Col. Villa Esperanza, a community on the southwest edge of Ciudad Juárez which is shaded from Cerro Juárez by Cerro Bola and other mountains.
References
Televisa Regional
Spanish-language television stations in Mexico
HJCI-TDT
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20loop
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An edge loop, in computer graphics, can loosely be defined as a set of connected edges across a surface. (More specifically, the edges can form an edge ring and be one side of a face loop.) Usually, the last edge meets again with the first edge, thus forming a loop. The set or string of edges can, for example, be the outer edges of a flat surface or the edges surrounding a 'hole' in a surface.
In a stricter sense, an edge loop is defined as a set of edges where the loop follows the middle edge in every 'four way junction'. The loop will end when it encounters another type of junction (three or five way, for example). Take an edge on a mesh surface for example, say at one end of the edge it connects with three other edges, making a four way junction. If you follow the middle 'road' each time, you would either end up with a completed loop or the edge loop would end at another type of junction.
Edge loops are especially practical in organic models which need to be animated. In organic modeling, edge loops play a vital role in proper deformation of the mesh. A properly modeled mesh will take into careful consideration the placement and termination of these edge loops. Generally, edge loops follow the structure and contour of the muscles that they mimic. For example, in modeling a human face, edge loops should follow the orbicularis oculi muscle around the eyes and the orbicularis oris muscle around the mouth. The hope is that by mimicking the way the muscles are formed, they also aid in the way the muscles are deformed by way of contractions and expansions. An edge loop closely mimics how real muscles work, and if built correctly, provides control over contour and silhouette in any position.
"Edge loop" was first coined as a modelling term in 1999 by 3D artist Bay Raitt, in an article called Digital sculpting techniques for 3D Design magazine.
References
External links
, Another Description from 2000
3D computer graphics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBEH
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KBEH (channel 63) is a television station licensed to Garden Grove, California, United States, serving the Los Angeles area as an affiliate of Canal de la Fe, a Spanish-language religious network. It is owned by Meruelo Broadcasting alongside Spanish independent KWHY-TV (channel 22); the two stations share channel 4 for their broadcasts. KBEH and KWHY share studios on West Pico Boulevard in the Mid-City section of Los Angeles and transmitter facilities atop Mount Wilson.
Channel 63 was originally allocated to Oxnard and began broadcasting in 1985 as KTIE-TV, a local independent station for the Ventura County area. It struggled through its original ownership and was sold to Meshulam Riklis in 1988. KTIE-TV was renamed KADY-TV, after Riklis's daughter, Kady Zadora. General manager John Huddy acquired the station in 1991 but left a financial mess in his wake, leading to a court-appointed receivership in 1996. The station stabilized under its next owner, media broker Brian Cobb.
In 2004, KADY-TV built a booster increasing its Los Angeles coverage and was sold to Bela Broadcasting, which switched it to Spanish-language programming. Since the sale, KBEH has primarily been a Spanish-language station under several owners, with program sources including MTV Tres, the short-lived CNN Latino, and its present programming from the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.
History
A long road to sign-on
The history of channel 63, originally allocated to Oxnard, begins on September 29, 1972, when Lola Goelet Yoakem, a scriptwriter from Malibu, obtained a construction permit for the channel. Aside from the assignment of the call letters KTIE, little of note occurred for the next decade. The permit was assigned to a non-profit organization controlled by Yoakem, Limitless Learning, in 1976; the group did apply for a HEW grant in 1978.
The station was still unbuilt by 1980. That year, the FCC Broadcast Bureau denied Mekaoy Co., which had replaced Limitless Learning as permittee, another time extension to get the station on the air, citing increased interest in UHF television for its crackdown. Two years later, though, the construction permit staged a comeback. After being reinstated on February 22, new technical parameters were authorized, and KTIE was sold to Thorne Donnelly, Jr., for $100,000.
Donnelley—grandson of Reuben H. Donnelley, inventor of the yellow pages—brought in new investors, including Beverly Hills accountant and real estate broker Don Sterling (no relation to the former Los Angeles Clippers owner of the same name), and built studios on Maulhardt Road in Oxnard. After a $5 million investment, the station first signed on the air on August 17, 1985, offering movies, syndicated fare and local newscasts to Ventura County from its transmitter on South Mountain near Santa Paula. It was the first television station to operate in Ventura County since KKOG-TV (channel 16) shut down in 1969.
One blow was struck to the station one month before it began b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KILM
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KILM (channel 64) is a television station licensed to Inglewood, California, United States, broadcasting the Bounce TV network to the Los Angeles area. It is owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company alongside San Bernardino–licensed Ion Television station KPXN-TV (channel 30). KILM and KPXN-TV share offices on West Olive Avenue in Burbank; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using KPXN-TV's spectrum from an antenna atop Mount Wilson.
History
KILM began broadcasting on August 15, 1987 as KVVT, originally licensed to Barstow. It was the only independent commercial television station in the Mojave Desert region to provide local news programs. In 1989, the station switched to ABC as a result of the Mojave Desert at the time not receiving a good signal from KABC-TV (channel 7) in Los Angeles. It became KHIZ in 1992; that same year, KABC boosted its signal to the Mojave Desert, causing channel 64 to disaffiliate with ABC. (A similar situation occurred in Cleveland and Akron, Ohio where WEWS-TV (channel 5) and then-ABC affiliate WAKR/WAKC (channel 23, now sister station WVPX-TV) both aired ABC programming until 1996). In the mid-2000s, the station changed its format and service area to be transmitted in both the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and the Inland Empire region. Multicultural Broadcasting purchased Sunbelt Television, Inc. in 2007. KHIZ eventually incorporated ethnic programming into its schedule.
At one time, KHIZ aired a weekday morning news program, Inland Empire Live, that was produced from the facilities of CBS affiliate WSEE-TV (channel 35) in Erie, Pennsylvania and distributed to KHIZ via satellite transmission.
FilmOn took over the station's operations under an LMA on September 1, 2012, at which point it became KILM. On November 25, 2013, FilmOn TV was removed and replaced with paid programming. On July 12, 2014, KILM dropped the all-paid programming lineup and replaced it with programming from the SonLife Broadcasting Network, a religious network owned by televangelist Jimmy Swaggart. On August 1, 2017, another LMA was made with a new network, Punch TV, which mainly consisted of public domain and brokered programming.
On June 1, 2018, KILM began channel sharing with Ion Television owned-and-operated station KPXN-TV (channel 30). As KPXN's broadcast radius does not adequately cover Barstow, KILM changed its city of license to Inglewood. Several weeks later, Ion Media Networks agreed to a $10 million purchase of the station, continuing a nationwide pattern of Ion buying out their channel sharing partners to retain full control of their spectrum. Multicultural terminated the Punch TV LMA at the start of August 2018, and began to carry a full schedule of paid programming from Corner Store TV while the sales process with Ion continued. The sale was completed on September 17, 2018, with Ion immediately converting the station to taking over the former channel space of KPXN-DT3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHJUB-TDT
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XHJUB-TDT (physical channel 33, virtual channel 56) is a Ciudad Juárez television station owned and operated by Televisa. The station carries the Canal 5 network. The station also airs NU9VE on channel 10.1 because channel 9 would conflict with KTSM-TV.
History
1991-2007: As Televisa's local TV station for Juárez
The concession for XHJUB-TV was originally awarded on November 13, 1989, to Radiotelevisión del Rio Bravo, S.A. de C.V. The original concession specified that the station would operate on channel 62; however, this was changed before the station's sign-on to put XHJUB on channel 56.
When XHJUB signed on it was made into Televisa's local independent station for the Ciudad Juárez market. XEPM-TV became a relayer of the Canal de las Estrellas network, and channel 56 picked up its local newscasts and programming, competing against Televisa-affiliated independent XEJ-TV and rival then-Telemundo outlet XHIJ-TV. The local newscast went by several names including Notivisa and Noticiero 56.
Between 1991 and the launch of XHJCI-TV in 1994, the station also aired Canal 5 programming.
2007-present: Canal 5 relayer
On July 30, 2007, Televisa Juárez announced that their stations would exchange programs. XHJCI became the Canal de las Estrellas outlet, XHJUB took on Canal 5, and XEPM became the local station for Televisa in the market.
As the Canal 5 station, XHJUB assumed virtual channel 5 on October 25, 2016. XEJ, the traditional channel 5 in Juárez, moved its virtual channel to its then-physical channel of 50.
Digital television
XHJUB-TDT began broadcasting in digital on October 12, 2012, two years after receiving initial approval. The digital signal remained after Juárez converted to digital on July 14, 2015.
On October 2, 2019, the IFT authorized the addition of Nu9ve to XHJUB as a second subchannel, using virtual channel 10 (9 is not available in Juárez because of KTSM-TV El Paso). Nu9ve programming had been airing on affiliated station XEJ-TDT.
Repeater
In 2018, Televisa was approved to establish a repeater (679 watts ERP) of XHJUB located atop Cerro Bola, in order to serve Col. Villa Esperanza, a community on the southwest edge of Ciudad Juárez which is shaded from Cerro Juárez by Cerro Bola and other mountains.
References
Canal 5 (Mexico) transmitters
Television channels and stations established in 1991
HJUB-TDT
1991 establishments in Mexico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rece%20Davis
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Rece Davis (born ) is an American sports television journalist for ESPN/ABC. Davis works as an anchor on SportsCenter and serves as host of various other programs on the network, including College GameDay football road show and basketball show. Since 2021, he has been ESPN's lead host for international soccer events.
Early life and career
Davis, a native of Muscle Shoals, Alabama, graduated in 1988 from the University of Alabama, earning Bachelor of Arts degrees in both Broadcast News and Public Affairs. While a student at Alabama, Davis regularly worked as a freelance television play-by-play announcer, studio host, and radio personality in select media outlets throughout the state, all positions that were primarily unpaid internships. In 1987, Davis began working as a general assignment reporter for WCFT-TV in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In 2001, Davis was named as an outstanding alumnus of the University of Alabama's School of Communication and Information Sciences.
Before ESPN
After graduating from Alabama, Davis served until 1993 in various positions at WRBL in Columbus, Georgia. At WRBL, Davis worked as a sports reporter, the lead weekend news anchor, and later as WRBL's sports director.
In 1993, Davis left Georgia for Flint, Michigan. Davis began working as a sports anchor and reporter at WJRT-TV, a position where the young journalist would quickly garner the attention of ESPN.
Career at ESPN
Davis left WJRT and Flint in March 1995 for Bristol, Connecticut. He began working for the ESPN2 program SportSmash, where he provided five-minute reports on sports news and scores. Davis hosted ESPN2's NBA 2Night in 1996 and 1997. From 1997 through 1999, Davis served as studio host of ESPN2's weekend RPM 2Night and Sunday morning RPM 2Day programs. Davis went on to anchor the program SportsCenter, alongside a number of other ESPN personalities. Davis also frequently gave the "Extra Point" report of The Dan Patrick Show on ESPN Radio, and from time to time was a guest host on the program.
Davis works on SportsCenter, college football and college basketball for the network. Previously, Davis hosted horse racing telecasts during the Triple Crown season.
Davis was formerly the regular season host of College Football Live which airs daily during college football season and has served as the studio anchor of College GameDay football show and College Football Final. He is also the host of the College GameDay basketball road show.
From 2006 to 2009, he was one of the hosts for ABC's coverage of the 2006 FIFA World Cup and the lead host of the UEFA Euro 2008 and 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. He returned to soccer as the host of UEFA Euro 2020 on ESPN/ABC.
On February 5, 2015, ESPN announced Davis signed a multi-year contract with the network through 2021 that included taking over as host of the College GameDay football road show in 2015 for Chris Fowler, who had hosted the show since 1990. The deal also sees Davis discontinue his ESPN College Football Thursd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel%20value
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In computer programming, a sentinel value (also referred to as a flag value, trip value, rogue value, signal value, or dummy data) is a special value in the context of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive algorithm.
The sentinel value is a form of in-band data that makes it possible to detect the end of the data when no out-of-band data (such as an explicit size indication) is provided. The value should be selected in such a way that it is guaranteed to be distinct from all legal data values since otherwise, the presence of such values would prematurely signal the end of the data (the semipredicate problem). A sentinel value is sometimes known as an "Elephant in Cairo," due to a joke where this is used as a physical sentinel. In safe languages, most sentinel values could be replaced with option types, which enforce explicit handling of the exceptional case.
Examples
Some examples of common sentinel values and their uses:
Null character for indicating the end of a null-terminated string.
Null pointer for indicating the end of a linked list or a tree.
A set most significant bit in a stream of equally spaced data values, for example, a set 8th bit in a stream of 7-bit ASCII characters stored in 8-bit bytes indicating a special property (like inverse video, boldface or italics) or the end of the stream.
A negative integer for indicating the end of a sequence of non-negative integers.
Variants
A related practice, used in slightly different circumstances, is to place some specific value at the end of the data, in order to avoid the need for an explicit test for termination in some processing loop, because the value will trigger termination by the tests already present for other reasons. Unlike the above uses, this is not how the data is naturally stored or processed, but is instead an optimization, compared to the straightforward algorithm that checks for termination. This is typically used in searching.
For instance, when searching for a particular value in an unsorted list, every element will be compared against this value, with the loop terminating when equality is found; however, to deal with the case that the value should be absent, one must also test after each step for having completed the search unsuccessfully. By appending the value searched for to the end of the list, an unsuccessful search is no longer possible, and no explicit termination test is required in the inner loop; afterward, one must still decide whether a true match was found, but this test needs to be performed only once rather than at each iteration. Knuth calls the value so placed at the end of the data, a dummy value rather than a sentinel.
Examples
Array
For example, if searching for a value in an array in C, a straightforward implementation is as follows; note the use of a negative number (invalid index) to solve the semipredicate problem of returning "no result":
int find(int arr[], size_t len, int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata%20publishing
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Metadata publishing is the process of making metadata data elements available to external users, both people and machines using a formal review process and a commitment to change control processes.
Metadata publishing is the foundation upon which advanced distributed computing functions are being built. But like building foundations, care must be taken in metadata publishing systems to ensure the structural integrity of the systems built on top of them.
Definition of metadata publishing
Published metadata has the following characteristics:
Metadata structures available to the general public on a public web site or by a download
There is a documented review and approval process for adding or updating data elements to the system
New releases are made available without disturbing prior versions
A publishing organization that makes a commitment to change control process
Benefits of metadata publishing
When classifying benefits of metadata publishing two groups are usually considered. External parties are usually consumers of information that are not part of the publishing organization. Internal parties are usually the various business units or departments within an organization.
Benefits to external parties
Allows external systems (both people and agents) to have a clear understanding of the semantics of data elements in a system
Allows third parties to build semantic maps between data models and import and export data between systems
Promotes service oriented architectures and allow horizontal sharing of information between traditional information silos
Allows systems to participate in accurately indexed and federated search processes
Benefits to internal parties
allows parties from diverse business units to agree on shared data definitions and separate department or function specific definitions
makes Extract, transform, load (ETL) operations more precise for data warehousing
allows user interface designers to access a common pool of screen and report header labels
promotion of model-driven architecture
Objections to metadata publishing
Organizations that publish their metadata could make it easier for unauthorized people to find sensitive data if they breach an organization's firewall
Vendors that publish their metadata risk customers creating tools that could allow their customers to export their data from computer systems, therefore making it easier to migrate off of a vendor's system
Core process in metadata publishing
The following are some of the core processes in metadata publishing
Gathering of metadata requirements
Selection of metadata registry and metadata publishing tools
Training of metadata concepts to project participants
Stakeholder group formation
Metadata harvesting
Glossary consolidation
Initial upper ontology construction (abstract data elements)
Draft data element loading
Data element review process
Publishing approved metadata elements in a variety of output formats (see below)
Creation and m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVEA-TV
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WVEA-TV (channel 50) is a television station licensed to Tampa, Florida, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Univision and UniMás networks to the Tampa Bay area. Owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision, WVEA-TV maintains studios in the Westlake Corporate Center office park (near SR 589) in Tampa, and its transmitter is located on an antenna farm in Riverview, Florida.
History
The station first signed on the air on May 3, 1991 as WBSV-TV (for Bradenton, Sarasota, and Venice, the three cities it primarily served) on channel 62; locally owned by DeSoto Broadcasting, it originally operated as an English-language independent station serving the Sarasota area, and competed with the area's ABC affiliate WWSB (channel 40) and the other stations in the Tampa Bay and nearby Fort Myers markets. As WBSV, the station ran a variety of syndicated and local programming, along with infomercials and home shopping programs; early on, the station also produced a local newscast. However, the station was unprofitable, eventually relying more on home shopping and infomercials to keep the station afloat.
In 2000, the station was acquired by Entravision Communications, with the intent of moving its transmitter from Venice to Riverview and move Univision programming to the station from Entravision's existing low-power affiliate, WVEA-LP (channel 61). WBSV's history ended in early 2001, when the station ceased broadcasting for a few weeks to perform the move and establish WVEA's new studio facilities. In March 2001, the station returned to the air with its current programming and call letters.
On December 4, 2017, as part of a channel swap made by Entravision Communications, WVEA and its sister station, WFTT swapped channel numbers with WVEA moving from digital channel 25 and virtual channel 62 to digital channel 47 and virtual channel 50.
On October 13, 2021, Univision announced it would take over operation of WVEA-TV, as well as Orlando Univision affiliate WVEN-TV, effective January 1, 2022, coinciding with the end of licensing agreements on December 31, 2021.
In addition, even though WVEA-TV's public file shows them located at their former studios on Hillsborough Avenue in Tampa (in a former Barnett Bank building west of Armenia Avenue), WVEA-TV moved their facilities to the Westlake Corporate Center office park almost 4 miles north of the Tampa International Airport. This was made possible due to the FCC's Main Studio Rule being repealed in 2019. As WVEA-TV's newscast operates from their Orlando sister station WVEN-TV, their new facility houses their advertising sales office and their news vehicles serving the Tampa Bay area.
Intellectual property
The WVEA call letters and programming originated on low-power station W50AC (channel 50). That station operated as Tampa Bay's first Spanish-language television station, operating as an affiliate of the Spanish International Network (the forerunner of Univision), when it signed on the air in 1982. In 1988,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRMD-CD
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WRMD-CD (channel 49) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Tampa, Florida, United States, serving as the Tampa Bay Area's outlet for the Spanish-language network Telemundo. The station is owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group, and maintains studios on West Spruce Street in Tampa and a transmitter near Riverview, Florida.
History
The station first signed on the air on October 29, 1987, originally broadcasting on UHF channel 57 as an affiliate of Channel America. Shortly afterward, the station was acquired by ZGS Communications, which converted the station into the Tampa Bay market's new Telemundo affiliate. WRMD originally broadcast on UHF channel 57 until the early 2000s, when the station relocated to UHF channel 49, to make room for WTTA (channel 38)'s new digital signal on channel 57. In 2004, the station began to be carried on Bright House Networks' cable systems in portions of the Tampa Bay market outside of Tampa proper.
On December 4, 2017, NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group announced its purchase of ZGS' 13 television stations, including WRMD-CD.
Local programming
Before it launched its own newscasts, WRMD aired simulcasts of WKAQ-TV newscasts from San Juan, Puerto Rico, along with weather forecasts from Orlando sister station WTMO-CD. The station launched a weekday-only news operation on September 9, 2014, and currently runs newscasts at 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. The station also airs Florida Lottery drawings with Spanish language audio. On August 14, 2011, the station debuted its first locally produced program, a lifestyle and entertainment magazine program titled Holaciudad teve!, which airs Sundays at 6 p.m.
On June 11, 2018, six months after the purchase by NBCUniversal, the station launched two half-hour afternoon newscasts at 5 and 5:30 p.m. in addition to the 6 p.m. show.
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
Telemundo Station Group
TeleXitos affiliates
NBC LX Home affiliates
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Tampa, Florida
RMD-CD
RMD
RMD-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise%20machine
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An exercise machine is any machine used for physical exercise. These range from simple spring-like devices to computerized electromechanical devices to recirculating-stream swimming pools. Most exercise machines incorporate an ergometer. An ergometer is an apparatus for measuring the work a person exerts while exercising as used in training or cardiac stress tests or other medical tests.
Resistance machines
Weight machines
Weight machines use gravity as the primary source of resistance, and a combination of simple machines to convey that resistance, to the person using the machine. Each of the simple machines (pulley, lever, wheel, incline) changes the mechanical advantage of the overall machine relative to the weight.
Other kinds of resistance machines
Friction machines
Spring-loaded machines (such as Bowflex)
Fan-loaded machines
Fluid-loaded machines
Bullworker
Hydraulic equipment
Whole body vibration
Outdoor gym
Pneumatic exercise equipment
Treadmill
Endless-path machines
Stationary bicycles
Exercise bicycle
Running/walking machines
Treadmill
Elliptical trainer
Elliptical machines
Ellipticals (elliptical machines) are a combination of stair-climbing and a treadmill. Generally it contains two tracks upon which the user stands. Users describe an elliptical motion (hence the machine name) while walking or jogging. Some ellipticals have magnetic resistance controls that add difficulty to doing the motion.
Glider machines
This machine allows the user to stand on two separate foot pedals and use their own muscles to create the movement. The stabilized movement can be likened to that of a "swing set" for each leg.
Climbing machines
Also named stair-climbing machines, they work the user's legs as he/she pumps pedals up and down, much like climbing stairs. Some climbing machines have handles to push and pull to exercise the whole body.
Rowing machines
Rowing machines, also named rowers, simulate the body movements of using a rowing boat.
See also
Chin-up bar
Exercise equipment
Sports medicine
Rehabilitation
Statics
Exercise equipment
Strength training
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CityLink%20Limited
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CityLink Limited was a telecommunications company based in Wellington, New Zealand. It operated a network of fibre optic cabling around the CBDs of Wellington and Auckland, and had a network of Wi-Fi hotspots around Wellington. It also operated ExchangeNET, a nationwide network of peering exchange points, and a content distribution network.
The company was formed as an initiative of the Wellington City Council in 1995, and started with a fibre-optic network in the Wellington CBD in 1996, run along the overhead network used for the city trolley buses (although the main power and telephone lines in the CBD were underground). The company became part of the TeamTalk Group.
As of 30 April 2019, CityLink and the TeamTalk Group came together under one brand, Vital Limited.
References
External links
CityLink website
Telecommunications companies of New Zealand
Companies based in Wellington
New Zealand companies established in 1995
Telecommunications companies established in 1995
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden%20Strike%202
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Sudden Strike 2 or Sudden Strike II is a real-time tactics computer game set in World War II, the second game in the Sudden Strike series and the sequel to the original Sudden Strike.
Gameplay
Sudden Strike 2 was also developed by Russian developer Fireglow and published by CDV and was released in 2002. The game has since undergone minor changes in its game engine and now features a higher resolution setting and other graphical changes. The campaign still involves the Soviets and Allies, against the Germans and a new country, Japan. While striving for historical accuracy, the missions are mostly fiction. The American missions are in the Rhine regions and tend to involve 'borrowing' war equipment from the German army rather than using their own tanks and other weapons. The British missions revolves around the actual events at Wolfheze and Arnhem and the attempted capture of the bridge. The Japanese missions are centered along the lines of tropical jungle warfare and the use of tanks is somewhat limited whereas the Soviet campaign is based on the capture of the city of Kharkov and other battles along the Dniepr river waged by the Soviet Red Army.
Engine improvements
The revamped engine allowed for massive battleship control as well as trains. The ability to command airfields and deploy and control reusable aircraft was also introduced. Aircraft like the fighter planes, have a problem where after takeoff, they don't seem to land making some missions with aircraft a burden due to poor controls after takeoff.
Sudden Strike Anthology
Sudden Strike Anthology was a re-release of the original Sudden Strike and its expansion pack Sudden Strike Forever bundled together with Sudden Strike 2.
Sudden Strike: Resource War
An enhanced version of Sudden Strike 2 which was released in 2005. The game includes new campaigns for all playable sides. A map editor is included with the game for creation of custom levels and campaigns.
Reception
In the German market, Sudden Strike 2 debuted at #7 on Media Control's computer game sales chart for the month of May 2002. It climbed to second place in June, before dropping to ninth, 12th and 20th places for the following months, respectively. According to publisher CDV Software, Sudden Strike 2 reached global sales of roughly 250,000 units by the end of 2002, including 70,000 units in the German market.
Sudden Strike 2 holds a 68 out of 100 Metacritic score based on reviews from 10 critics.
See also
Sudden Strike
References
External links
Sudden Strike 2 at Fireglow Games (archived)
Sudden Strike: Resource War at Fireglow Games (archived)
2002 video games
Real-time tactics video games
Real-time strategy video games
Video games developed in Russia
Video games with expansion packs
Video games with isometric graphics
Windows games
Windows-only games
Pacific War video games
World War II video games
CDV Software Entertainment games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20algorithm
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A distributed algorithm is an algorithm designed to run on computer hardware constructed from interconnected processors. Distributed algorithms are used in different application areas of distributed computing, such as telecommunications, scientific computing, distributed information processing, and real-time process control. Standard problems solved by distributed algorithms include leader election, consensus, distributed search, spanning tree generation, mutual exclusion, and resource allocation.
Distributed algorithms are a sub-type of parallel algorithm, typically executed concurrently, with separate parts of the algorithm being run simultaneously on independent processors, and having limited information about what the other parts of the algorithm are doing. One of the major challenges in developing and implementing distributed algorithms is successfully coordinating the behavior of the independent parts of the algorithm in the face of processor failures and unreliable communications links. The choice of an appropriate distributed algorithm to solve a given problem depends on both the characteristics of the problem, and characteristics of the system the algorithm will run on such as the type and probability of processor or link failures, the kind of inter-process communication that can be performed, and the level of timing synchronization between separate processes.
Standard problems
Atomic commit
An atomic commit is an operation where a set of distinct changes is applied as a single operation. If the atomic commit succeeds, it means that all the changes have been applied. If there is a failure before the atomic commit can be completed, the "commit" is aborted and no changes will be applied.
Algorithms for solving the atomic commit problem include the two-phase commit protocol and the three-phase commit protocol.
Consensus
Consensus algorithms try to solve the problem of a number of processes agreeing on a common decision.
More precisely, a Consensus protocol must satisfy the four formal properties below.
Termination: every correct process decides some value.
Validity: if all processes propose the same value , then every correct process decides .
Integrity: every correct process decides at most one value, and if it decides some value , then must have been proposed by some process.
Agreement: if a correct process decides , then every correct process decides .
Common algorithms for solving consensus are the Paxos algorithm and the Raft algorithm.
Distributed search
Leader election
Leader election is the process of designating a single process as the organizer of some task distributed among several computers (nodes). Before the task is begun, all network nodes are unaware of which node will serve as the "leader," or coordinator, of the task. After a leader election algorithm has been run, however, each node throughout the network recognizes a particular, unique node as the task leader.
Mutual exclusion
Non-blocking data structures
R
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorheological%20finishing
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Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision surface finishing technology. Optical surfaces are polished in a computer-controlled magnetorheological (MR) finishing slurry. Unlike conventional rigid lap polishing, the MR fluid's shape and stiffness can be magnetically manipulated and controlled in real time. The optic's final surface form and finishing results are predicted through the use of computer algorithms.
Literature
W.I. Kordonski (2014). "Magnetorheological Fluid-Based High Precision Finishing Technology." Magnetorheology: Advances and Applications, Norman M. Wereley, Ed., RSC Smart Materials, Cambridge, UK, Chapter 11, 261–277.
DOI:10.1039/9781849737548-00261
S.D. Jacobs, W.I. Kordonski, I.V. Prokhorov, D. Golini, G.R. Gorodkin, T.D. Strafford (2002). "Deterministic Magnetorheological Finishing." US Patent: US5449313A
Shorey et al. "Experiments and Observations Regarding the Mechanisms of Glass Removal in Magnetorheological Finishing", abstract and full text (pdf)
Chunlin Miao, et al., "Shear stress in magnetorheological finishing for glasses," Applied Optics 48, 2585-2594 (2009)
Chunlin Miao, et al., "Process parameter effects on material removal in magnetorheological finishing of borosilicate glass," Applied Optics 49, 1951-1963 (2010)
German Patent: DE69924595T2
Industrial processes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XCB
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XCB (X protocol C-language Binding) is a library implementing the client-side of the X11 display server protocol. XCB is written in the C programming language and distributed under the MIT License. The project was started in 2001 by Bart Massey and aims to replace Xlib.
Overview
XCB was designed as a smaller, modernized replacement for Xlib, previously the primary C library for communicating with the X window system, coinciding with a more complete overhaul of the X implementation that took place during the early 2000s. The main goals of XCB are to:
reduce library size and complexity
provide direct access to the X11 protocol
The required size reduction is achieved primarily by restricting XCB's scope to handling the X protocol and omitting Xlib functionality such as its extensive utility library, much of which saw little use by applications. This results in a factor thirty reduction of the compiled library size (as of 2004).
Secondary goals include making the C interface asynchronous, facilitating better multithreading and making it easier to implement extensions (via XML protocol descriptions).
The core and extension protocol descriptions are in XML, with a program written in Python creating the C bindings. (Previous versions used XSLT and M4.)
A further goal is to be able to use these protocol descriptions to create protocol documentation, more language bindings, and server-side stubs.
Massey and others have worked to prove key portions of XCB formally correct using Z notation. (Xlib has long been known to contain errors.)
Xlib compatibility
Xlib/XCB provides application binary interface compatibility with both Xlib and XCB, providing an incremental porting path. Xlib/XCB uses the protocol layer of Xlib, but replaces the Xlib transport layer with XCB, and provides access to the underlying XCB connection for direct use of XCB. Xlib/XCB allows an application to open a single connection to the X display server and use both XCB and Xlib, possibly through a mixture of libraries designed for one or the other.
Example
// Simple XCB application for opening a window and drawing a box in it
// To compile it using GNU, use:
// gcc x.c -lxcb
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
int main(void)
{
xcb_connection_t *c;
xcb_screen_t *s;
xcb_window_t w;
xcb_gcontext_t g;
xcb_generic_event_t *e;
uint32_t mask;
uint32_t values[2];
int done = 0;
xcb_rectangle_t r = { 20, 20, 60, 60 };
// open connection to the server
c = xcb_connect(NULL,NULL);
if (xcb_connection_has_error(c)) {
printf("Cannot open display\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// get the first screen
s = xcb_setup_roots_iterator( xcb_get_setup(c) ).data;
// create black graphics context
g = xcb_generate_id(c);
w = s->root;
mask = XCB_GC_FOREGROUND | XCB_GC_GRAPHICS_EXPOSURES;
values[0] = s->black_pixel;
values[1] = 0;
xcb_create_gc(c, g, w, mask, values
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler%20Erle
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Schuyler Erle is a free software developer and activist. He also works in the fields of digital cartography, wireless networking, intelligent search engines and the Semantic Web. He was the lead developer of NoCatAuth which is an open source wireless captive portal. Erle grew up in Philadelphia and Springfield, PA and after graduating from Springfield High School in 1995, went on to earn his degree at Temple University. He has created the popular games Balance of Power and Squigby.
Schuyler has worked for O'Reilly Media, MetaCarta (where he and Chris Schmidt created OpenLayers, and worked for SimpleGeo until their merger with UrbanAirship.
Schuyler currently lives in San Francisco, CA and travels frequently giving workshops on do it yourself cartography.
References
Bibliography
External links
Short biography
http://nocat.net/
Talk on The Democratization of Cartography given to NUUG in 2006
Living people
Free software programmers
Erle, Schuyler
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya%20Television%20Network
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Kenya Television Network (KTN) is a Kenyan free-to-air television network that was launched in March 1990 by Jared Kangwana. It is headquartered at Standard Group Centre, Nairobi. It was the first free-to-air privately owned television network in Africa, and the first to break KBC's monopoly in Kenya.
KTN became famous for activist journalism in the 1990s.
History
After its launch in 1990, KTN used to rebroadcast programming from CNN International, MTV Europe and other European, American and Australian television channels, in addition to TV networks from other African states. KTN started out as a pilot project for a 24-hour subscription-television channel in Nairobi and its surroundings, but plans to scramble its signal were abandoned and for most of the 1990s, KTN derived its revenue from advertisement and TV production services. Founded by Jared Kangwana, its early success attracted bids for joint ownership by London-based Maxwell Communications, by South African MNET, and by the then-ruling party Kenya African National Union (KANU).
The station won the bid to carry the 1992 Summer Olympics, as well as the rights to several other international events.
While Jared Kangwana had plans to expand KTN, and had built new facilities to house the station, he allowed free rein to KTN's news division. KANU functionaries are said to have frequently called the newsroom and editors on behalf of the president of Kenya, Daniel arap Moi, in order to censor news stories. Such control was said to have been sanctioned by Moi himself, who had developed the habit while he was still vice-president under president Jomo Kenyatta. As vice-president, Daniel arap Moi had grown used to make regular calls to the offices of The Standard which was foreign-owned at that time, and to other media outlets, to demand that they drop stories or modify them. The practice was revived when KTN was established.
In October 1993 security officers boarded a commercial airliner, seized the passport of KTN Director Jared Kangwana, and prevented him from departing on a business trip. Kangwana said that the act was part of a government intimidation campaign to force him to relinquish control of KTN to the then-ruling party, KANU. The government took no action to institute criminal proceedings against Kangwana but ultimately succeeded in forcing him to cede the company to KANU. The station is now part of The Standard Group, which also publishes The Standard newspaper.
Programs
KTN was once a juggernaut in entertainment but has now been flooded with soap operas, long talk shows and CNN night time streaming (Some world class entertainment namely sitcoms, thriller/detective, drama, action series and children's classics have all vanished).
Listed below are some of the shows the network was famous for;
Former
Imported shows
Children's
Adventures from the Book of Virtues
Alvin and the Chipmunks
Animaniacs
Art Attack
Barney & Friends
Justice League (TV series)
Superman The Animated Se
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Amstrad%20CPC%20games
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This list contains game titles released for the Amstrad CPC home computer series. This number is always up to date by this script.
0–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
See also
Lists of video games
List of Amstrad PCW games
References
CPC Game Reviews by Nicholas Campbell
Amstrad CPC at Adventureland
CPC-power Database of CPC software (in French)
Amstrad CPC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare
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Cyberwarfare is the use of cyber attacks against an enemy state, causing comparable harm to actual warfare and/or disrupting vital computer systems. Some intended outcomes could be espionage, sabotage, propaganda, manipulation or economic warfare.
There is significant debate among experts regarding the definition of cyberwarfare, and even if such a thing exists. One view is that the term is a misnomer since no cyber attacks to date could be described as a war. An alternative view is that it is a suitable label for cyber attacks which cause physical damage to people and objects in the real world.
Many countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, China, Israel, Iran, and North Korea have active cyber capabilities for offensive and defensive operations. As states explore the use of cyber operations and combine capabilities, the likelihood of physical confrontation and violence playing out as a result of, or part of, a cyber operation is increased. However, meeting the scale and protracted nature of war is unlikely, thus ambiguity remains.
The first instance of kinetic military action used in response to a cyber-attack resulting in the loss of human life was observed on 5 May 2019, when the Israel Defense Forces targeted and destroyed a building associated with an ongoing cyber-attack.
Definition
There is ongoing debate over how cyberwarfare should be defined and no absolute definition is widely agreed upon. While the majority of scholars, militaries, and governments use definitions that refer to state and state-sponsored actors, other definitions may include non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, companies, political or ideological extremist groups, hacktivists, and transnational criminal organizations depending on the context of the work.
Examples of definitions proposed by experts in the field are as follows.
Raymond Charles Parks and David P. Duggan focused on analyzing cyberwarfare in terms of computer networks and pointed out that "Cyberwarfare is a combination of computer network attack and defense and special technical operations." According to this perspective, the notion of cyber warfare brings a new paradigm into military doctrine. Paulo Shakarian and colleagues put forward the following definition of "cyber war" in 2013, drawing on Clausewitz's definition of war: "War is the continuation of politics by other means":
Taddeo offered the following definition in 2012:
Robinson et al. proposed in 2015 that the intent of the attacker dictates whether an attack is warfare or not, defining cyber warfare as "the use of cyber attacks with a warfare-like intent."
In 2010, the former US National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection and Counter-terrorism, Richard A. Clarke, defined cyberwarfare as "actions by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption". The target's own cyber-physical infrastructure may be used by the adversary in c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMR
|
FMR may refer to:
FMR (chemotherapy), a chemotherapy regimen
Favorite Music Radio, a Philippine radio network owned by Philippine Collective Media Corporation
Federal Management Regulation in the United States Code of Federal Regulations
Ferromagnetic resonance
Festival Mushroom Records, a defunct Australian record label
Fidelity Management and Research, an American investment management company
Fine Music Radio, broadcasting in Cape Town, South Africa
FMR Records, an English record label
FMR Magazine, an art periodical published by the eponymous Franco Maria Ricci
Francisco Martins Rodrigues, Portuguese communist author
Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
Fujitsu FMR, a Japanese computer architecture
Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, a Canadian reserve infantry unit
Mexican Rugby Federation (Spanish: )
Monegasque Rugby Federation (French: )
Falmer railway station, a railway station in Sussex, England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials%20informatics
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Materials informatics is a field of study that applies the principles of informatics and data science to materials science and engineering to improve the understanding, use, selection, development, and discovery of materials. The term "materials informatics" is frequently used interchangeably with "data science", "machine learning", and "artificial intelligence" by the community. This is an emerging field, with a goal to achieve high-speed and robust acquisition, management, analysis, and dissemination of diverse materials data with the goal of greatly reducing the time and risk required to develop, produce, and deploy new materials, which generally takes longer than 20 years.
This field of endeavor is not limited to some traditional understandings of the relationship between materials and information. Some more narrow interpretations include combinatorial chemistry, process modeling, materials databases, materials data management, and product life cycle management. Materials informatics is at the convergence of these concepts, but also transcends them and has the potential to achieve greater insights and deeper understanding by applying lessons learned from data gathered on one type of material to others. By gathering appropriate meta data, the value of each individual data point can be greatly expanded.
Databases
Databases are essential for any informatics research and applications. In material informatics many databases exist containing both empirical data obtained experimentally, and theoretical data obtained computationally. Big data that can be used for machine learning is particularly difficult to obtain for experimental data due to the lack of a standard for reporting data and the variability in the experimental environment. This lack of big data has led to growing effort in developing machine learning techniques that utilize data extremely data sets. On the other hand, large uniform database of theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations exists. These databases have proven their utility in high-throughput material screening and discovery.
Some common DFT databases and high throughput tools are listed below:
Databases: MaterialsProject.org, MaterialsWeb.org
HT software: Pymatgen, MPInterfaces
Beyond computational methods?
The concept of materials informatics is addressed by the Materials Research Society. For example, materials informatics was the theme of the December 2006 issue of the MRS Bulletin. The issue was guest-edited by John Rodgers of Innovative Materials, Inc., and David Cebon of Cambridge University, who described the "high payoff for developing methodologies that will accelerate the insertion of materials, thereby saving millions of investment dollars."
The editors focused on the limited definition of materials informatics as primarily focused on computational methods to process and interpret data. They stated that "specialized informatics tools for data capture, management, analysis, and dissemination"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinix
|
Sinix may refer to:
SINIX, computer operating system
Şınıx, Azerbaijan
See also
Sinixt, an indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Akeley
|
Kurt Akeley (born June 8, 1958) is an American computer graphics engineer.
Akeley was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 2005 for contributions to the architecture of 3-D graphics systems and the definition of Open GL, now the industry standard.
Biography
Kurt Akeley received a B.E.E. from the University of Delaware in 1980, and an M.S.E.E. from Stanford University in 1982. That year, he joined with Jim Clark in the founding team of Silicon Graphics, Incorporated (later renamed SGI).
Akeley developed the frame buffers and processor subsystems for the early SGI IRIS series products and many of the CAD tools used to design these and other products. Akeley was instrumental in developing the graphics systems for the Power Series and Onyx systems, including the GTX, the VGX, and the RealityEngine. Akeley also led the design and documentation of the OpenGL graphics software specification, which was supported by Silicon Graphics and many other workstation and personal computer vendors.
In 1984, Akeley's colleagues at Silicon Graphics recognized his contributions by selecting him as the first overall Spirit of SGI award winner. Akeley later became a chief engineer and then vice president at SGI.
After leaving SGI in 2001, Akeley resumed his studies at Stanford University in the Stanford Computer Graphics Lab researching 3D display technology and earned a PhD in electrical engineering in 2004.
During this time, Akeley consulted at NVIDIA and collaborated on the design of the Cg hardware shading languages for GPUs. He was also the editor (i.e., the paper chair) for the SIGGRAPH 2000 conference proceedings and a principal researcher at Microsoft Research's Silicon Valley lab.
In September 2010 he became the CTO of a Silicon Valley start-up, Lytro.
Awards
Akeley received the 1993 Distinguished Alumnus award from the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Delaware and was given a University of Delaware Presidential Citation for Outstanding Achievement in 1995.
Akeley received the 1995 SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award in recognition of his contributions to the architecture, design, and realization of high performance 3D graphics hardware systems.
In 1996, Akeley was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Publications
Kurt Akeley and Tom Jermoluk, High-Performance Polygon Rendering, SIGGRAPH '88 Conference Proceedings, pp. 239–246.
Kurt Akeley, The Silicon Graphics 4D/240GTX Superworkstation, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, July 1989, pp. 71–83.
Paul Haeberli and Kurt Akeley, The Accumulation Buffer: Hardware Support for High-Quality Rendering, SIGGRAPH '90 Conference Proceedings, pp. 309–318.
Kurt Akeley, "Issues and Directions for Graphics Hardware Accelerators", Rendering, Visualization and Rasterization Hardware (Eurographics'91 Workshop) in Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware VI, Springer, 1993.
Mark S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MULE
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The MULtilingual Enhancement (MULE) is computer software which adds extra written language characters to the GNU Emacs text editor and programming environment.
MULE provides facilities to handle text written in many languages (at least 42 character sets, 53 coding sets, 128 input methods, and 58 languages), and multilingual texts containing several languages in the same buffer. This goes beyond the simple facilities offered by Unicode to represent multilingual text. MULE also supports input methods, composing display using fonts in various encodings, changing character syntax and other editing facilities to correspond to local language usage, and more.
MULE was originally based on Nemacs, a version of Emacs extended to handle Japanese, released in 1987. Development stalled, and the effort to incorporate increased language functionality into the main Emacs version stalled, until the fork between Lucid Inc. and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) led to XEmacs, which for several years boasted considerably better support for multiple languages and character sets. This competition reinvigorated development of GNU Emacs's language handling abilities and prompted the inclusion of MULE in version 21 of GNU Emacs.
MULE was written by the researchers Satoru Tomura, Ken'ichi Handa, Mikiko Nishikimi, and Naoto Takahashi, of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), which is a part of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), of the government of Japan. This made it impossible for the developers to assign copyright to FSF, as is usually done for contributions to GNU packages.
See also
References
External links
MULE history
MULE FAQ
Emacs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond-square%20algorithm
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The diamond-square algorithm is a method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics. It is a slightly better algorithm than the three-dimensional implementation of the midpoint displacement algorithm, which produces two-dimensional landscapes. It is also known as the random midpoint displacement fractal, the cloud fractal or the plasma fractal, because of the plasma effect produced when applied.
The idea was first introduced by Fournier, Fussell and Carpenter at SIGGRAPH in 1982.
The diamond-square algorithm starts with a two-dimensional grid, then randomly generates terrain height from four seed values arranged in a grid of points so that the entire plane is covered in squares.
Description
The diamond-square algorithm begins with a two-dimensional square array of width and height 2n + 1. The four corner points of the array must first be set to initial values.
The diamond and square steps are then performed alternately until all array values have been set.
The diamond step: For each square in the array, set the midpoint of that square to be the average of the four corner points plus a random value.
The square step: For each diamond in the array, set the midpoint of that diamond to be the average of the four corner points plus a random value.
Each random value is multiplied by a scale constant, which decreases with each iteration by a factor of 2−h, where h is a value between 0.0 and 1.0 (lower values produce rougher terrain).
During the square steps, points located on the edges of the array will have only three adjacent values set, rather than four. There are a number of ways to handle this complication - the simplest being to take the average of just the three adjacent values. Another option is to 'wrap around', taking the fourth value from the other side of the array. When used with consistent initial corner values, this method also allows generated fractals to be stitched together without discontinuities.
Visualization
The image below shows the steps involved in running the diamond-square algorithm on a 5 × 5 array.
Applications
This algorithm can be used to generate realistic-looking landscapes, and different implementations are used in computer graphics software such as Terragen. It is also applicable as a common component in procedural textures.
Artifacts and extensions
The diamond-square algorithm was analyzed by Gavin S. P. Miller in SIGGRAPH 1986 who described it as flawed because the algorithm produces noticeable vertical and horizontal "creases" due to the most significant perturbation taking place in a rectangular grid. The grid artifacts were addressed in a generalized algorithm introduced by J.P. Lewis. In this variant the weights on the neighboring points are obtained by solving
a small linear system motivated by estimation theory, rather than being fixed. The Lewis algorithm also allows the synthesis of non-fractal heightmaps such as rolling hills or ocean waves.
Similar results can be efficiently obtained w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole%20map
|
Mole map may refer to:
Mole map (chemistry), a graphical representation of an algorithm
Mole map (dermatology), a medical record which records and image and the location of lesions and/or moles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heightmap
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In computer graphics, a heightmap or heightfield is a raster image used mainly as Discrete Global Grid in secondary elevation modeling. Each pixel stores values, such as surface elevation data, for display in 3D computer graphics. A heightmap can be used in bump mapping to calculate where this 3D data would create shadow in a material, in displacement mapping to displace the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface, or for terrain where the heightmap is converted into a 3D mesh.
A heightmap contains one channel interpreted as a distance of displacement or "height" from the "floor" of a surface and sometimes visualized as luma of a grayscale image, with black representing minimum height and white representing maximum height.
When the map is rendered, the designer can specify the amount of displacement for each unit of the height channel, which corresponds to the “contrast” of the image.
Heightmaps can be stored by themselves in existing grayscale image formats, with or without specialized metadata,
or in specialized file formats such as Daylon Leveller, GenesisIV and Terragen documents.
One may also exploit the use of individual color channels to increase detail. For example, a standard RGB 8-bit image can only show 256 values of grey and hence only 256 heights. By using colors, a greater number of heights can be stored (for a 24-bit image, 2563 = 16,777,216 heights can be represented (2564 = 4,294,967,296 if the alpha channel is also used)). This technique is especially useful where height varies slightly over a large area. Using only grey values, because the heights must be mapped to only 256 values, the rendered terrain appears flat, with "steps" in certain places.
Heightmaps are commonly used in geographic information systems, where they are called digital elevation models.
Creation
Heightmaps can be created by hand with a classical paint program or a special terrain editor. These editors visualize the terrain in 3D and allow the user to modify the surface. Normally there are tools to raise, lower, smooth or erode the terrain. Another way to create a terrain is to use a terrain generation algorithm. This can be for example a 2D simplex noise function or by diffusion-limited aggregation. Another method is to reconstruct heightmaps from real world data, for example using synthetic aperture radar.
Use
Heightmaps are widely used in terrain rendering software and modern video games. Heightmaps are an ideal way to store digital terrain elevations; compared to a regular polygonal mesh, they require substantially less memory for a given level of detail. Most modern 3D computer modelling programs are capable of using data from heightmaps in the form of bump, normal, or displacement maps to quickly and precisely create complex terrain and other surfaces.
In the earliest games using software rendering, the elements often represented heights of columns of voxels rendered with ray casting.
In most newer games, the ele
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20looping
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Live looping is the recording and playback of a piece of music in real-time using either dedicated hardware devices, called loopers or phrase samplers, or software running on a computer with an audio interface. Musicians can loop with either looping software or loop pedals, which are sold for tabletop and floor-based use.
History of the looping device
By the late 19th century, jazz and blues had heavily influenced popular music, encouraging musicians to experiment with rhythm, repetition, and musical improvisation. With the advent of sound recording on gramophone record, invented in 1887 and first marketed in 1889, came the tape recorder and the development of pure electronic music.
On 1 October 1947, Bing Crosby became the first American musician to release music via tape broadcast. In 1953, Les Paul demonstrated live looping on the television show Omnibus.
In 1963, musician and performer Terry Riley released an early tape loop piece called “The Gift”, featuring the trumpet playing of Chet Baker. It was the first piece ever based on a tape delay/feedback system with two Revox tape recorders. (Riley used to call this system the Time Lag Accumulator. Unsurprisingly, the name did not catch on amongst other performing musicians.)
Digital delay systems in the 1980s were experimental and not intuitive, but the equipment's limitations inspired innovators of the technique to find creative applications.
Even by the early 1990s, when dedicated loop machines first went on sale, the term "live looping" had not yet been coined. The first dedicated loop device was the Paradis LOOP Delay. The Paradis and other models had volatile memories, forcing composers to develop fresh loops live in front of their audiences — and thus, live looping came into existence.
Roland and DigiTech loop pedals entered the market in 2001, around the same time DJ mixing gained popularity. When the 2002 Repeater introduced real-time studio looping, looping devices became affordable enough for aspiring at-home composers to enjoy.
As laptops gained popularity in 2004, computer software began to emulate the 1990s effects of early looping devices.
Modern live looping tools and applications
Live looping has become increasingly popular in recent history as it offers the ability for a single musician to create multiple layers to their live music, resulting in a sound close to that of a "full band" experience. Notable manufacturers of looping devices include Boss, DigiTech and TC Electronic.
Notable artists
In a 2012–13 poll of 1000 singers, 11% stated that they used live looping while 51% did not know what live looping was. Artists known for their use or advocacy of the technique include:
Juana Molina
KRNFX
Howie Day
Keller Williams
Boxwood
Ed Sheeran
Mavka
Dub FX
Battles
Ambre McLean
Jacob Moon
Amy X Neuburg
Beardyman
Kimbra
KT Tunstall
Kid Beyond
Tune-Yards
David Torn
Spirit Cool
David Thomas Broughton
Reggie Watts
THePETEBOX
French Kiwi Juice
Rick Walker
David Ford
Ne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLR%20parser
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A GLR parser (generalized left-to-right rightmost derivation parser) is an extension of an LR parser algorithm to handle non-deterministic and ambiguous grammars. The theoretical foundation was provided in a 1974 paper by Bernard Lang (along with other general Context-Free parsers such as GLL). It describes a systematic way to produce such algorithms, and provides uniform results regarding correctness proofs, complexity with respect to grammar classes, and optimization techniques. The first actual implementation of GLR was described in a 1984 paper by Masaru Tomita, it has also been referred to as a "parallel parser". Tomita presented five stages in his original work, though in practice it is the second stage that is recognized as the GLR parser.
Though the algorithm has evolved since its original forms, the principles have remained intact. As shown by an earlier publication, Lang was primarily interested in more easily used and more flexible parsers for extensible programming languages. Tomita's goal was to parse natural language text thoroughly and efficiently. Standard LR parsers cannot accommodate the nondeterministic and ambiguous nature of natural language, and the GLR algorithm can.
Algorithm
Briefly, the GLR algorithm works in a manner similar to the LR parser algorithm, except that, given a particular grammar, a GLR parser will process all possible interpretations of a given input in a breadth-first search. On the front-end, a GLR parser generator converts an input grammar into parser tables, in a manner similar to an LR generator. However, where LR parse tables allow for only one state transition (given a state and an input token), GLR parse tables allow for multiple transitions. In effect, GLR allows for shift/reduce and reduce/reduce conflicts.
When a conflicting transition is encountered, the parse stack is forked into two or more parallel parse stacks, where the state corresponding to each possible transition is at the top. Then, the next input token is read and used to determine the next transition(s) for each of the "top" states – and further forking can occur. If any given top state and input token do not result in at least one transition, then that "path" through the parse tables is invalid and can be discarded.
A crucial optimization known as a Graph-structured stack (GSS) allows sharing of common prefixes and suffixes of these stacks, which constrains the overall search space and memory usage required to parse input text. The complex structures that arise from this improvement make the search graph a directed acyclic graph (with additional restrictions on the "depths" of various nodes), rather than a tree.
Advantages
Recognition using the GLR algorithm has the same worst-case time complexity as the CYK algorithm and Earley algorithm: O(n3). However, GLR carries two additional advantages:
The time required to run the algorithm is proportional to the degree of nondeterminism in the grammar: on deterministic grammars the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20TV
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First TV was the name of a cable television network that was operated in New Zealand's two main North Island cities, Auckland and Wellington by Telecom New Zealand in the 1990s.
Trial stage
First Media was an owned subsidiary of Telecom NZ. First Media ran the two Cable operations in Auckland and Wellington which traded as First Television. First Media was started as a trial of cable television by Telecom in 1995. The trial, which operated in association with SKY Network Television offered 600 households in Auckland the three national broadcast channels that were operating, Action TV, three of Sky's subscription channels and six other channels. Considered a success the trial was extended and later expanded to include cable rollout in Wellington.
Commercial success
As part of plans to turn the trial into a commercial operation First Media had planned to lay cable past 140,000 homes by June 1998; however in November 1996 with only 80,000 homes past Telecom announced a halt to the rollout. Telecom decided to focus on utilising its existing network of UTP copper cable. On June 5, with a pilot ADSL trial operational, Telecom announced First Media was to be shut down on July 31. Cable subscribers were disconnected and offered a refund on installation costs while DSL subscribers continue to receive Internet services only.
First Media provided traditional channels as well as a pay-per-view service that allowed subscribers to purchase movies as they wish to view them. First Media also offered the ability to view other channels on a per day basis and operated a music video channel called "The Cube" that allowed subscribers to request songs.
External links
Telecom's Press Release Announcing Launch of First TV
Telecom's Press Release Announcing Closure of First TV
Television networks in New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Station%20%28online%20service%29
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Central Station (also known as Network Gaming Service) was an online service by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe for PAL regions in the PlayStation 2 era.
The service allowed users to have friend lists, view new game releases, read the latest PlayStation-related news, enter events, and play Central Station-integrated online games for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable consoles. The service acted as a Sony official alternative to middleware like GameSpy but with extra features similar to Xbox Live or PlayStation Network.
The Central Station portal could be accessed via a Network Access Disc which would be used to set up an internet connection.
Central Station was superseded by the worldwide PlayStation Network upon release of the PlayStation 3. It is unclear when it was discontinued.
History
The overall history of Central Station is unclear due to very limited documentation. However, multiple Network Access Discs have been dumped and preserved online. These discs show that Central Station went through at least two major UI/Branding changes outside of beta testing.
Around November 2004, Sony gave out new discs to registered users. These discs included a new settings UI, a new Central Station portal, and Hardware: Online Arena.
The Central Station middleware seems to have been used on some PlayStation Portable games as-well, although no evidence exists showing that users could access the Central Station portal on PlayStation Portable consoles.
A beta disc known as "Mirage" was dumped online that has a very rough sketch of the Central Station UI, alongside was a scanned document that was released on a Tumblr blog indicating that British Telecom worked with Sony Computer Entertainment Europe to integrate H.264 streaming into the Network Access Discs.
Usage
Central Station required users to register their console with two to three different codes depending on the console's model. These would mainly consist of a Network Access Code (included in the disc or console packaging), the Console Model Number, and the Network Adapter Serial Number. After going through the registration process, users would receive a PIN code in the mail that could be entered on the console or on the Network Gaming Service website.
Supported Games
All of the games that support Central Station are published by Sony Computer Entertainment or a similar subsidiary:
See also
DNAS
PlayStation Network
PlayOnline
Xbox Live
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection
References
External links
Network Gaming Service
Online video game services
PlayStation (brand)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook%20Codec
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The cook codec is a lossy audio compression codec developed by RealNetworks. It is also known as Cooker, Gecko, RealAudio G2, and RealAudio 8 low bitrate (RA8LBR).
Introduced in 1998, the cook codec was the first audio codec developed by RealNetworks in-house, and was named after its author, Ken Cooke. It is a pure transform codec based on the modified discrete cosine transform with a single block size.
In 2003, RealNetworks introduced a surround sound version of cook, called RealAudio Multichannel. This was initially designated by the four-character code 'whrl', but is now identified as 'cook', as mono/stereo files are.
Although RealNetworks never published a technical description of the cook codec, others have reverse engineered the format, and as of December 2005, FFmpeg libavcodec contains a decoder capable of playing cook-encoded files. As of July 2009, Rockbox is capable of playing cook-encoded files as well.
See also
RealAudio
Audio codecs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoGo%20Sentai%20Boukenger
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is the 30th series in Toei's Super Sentai series, a metaseries of Japanese tokusatsu programming. It was the first instalment to be broadcast in the 16:9 aspect ratio. It aired from February 19, 2006 to February 11, 2007, and was replaced by Juken Sentai Gekiranger. Its footage was used in the American series, Power Rangers Operation Overdrive and also dubbed into Korean for the South Korean series, Power Rangers Treasure Force.
Plot summary
Powerful relics known as the Precious appear throughout the world. Noticing these relics' power, various Negative Syndicates wish to take the Precious for themselves and utilize them for evil ends. To make sure that the Precious do not fall into the hands of the Negative Syndicates, the Search Guard Successor Foundation (SGS) has developed its own special operations team, the Boukengers, whose mission is to collect the Precious and thwart the Negative Syndicates.
Characters
SGS
The collects the Precious with help from the .
As the , , he drives and leads the team with a calm expression and a fire in his heart. He mostly battles Ryuoon of the Jyaryu Tribe.
As the , , he drives and is only part of the Boukengers to repay his debt to Akashi for saving his life. He has a personal vendetta against Yaiba of Darkness of Dark Shadow.
As the , , he drives and serves as the team's information specialist. He fights Shizuka of the Wind of Dark Shadow.
As the , , she drives and is the most childish of the group. Her main reason for adventure is to discover more about her past. It is revealed that she is the last survivor of the Lemurian civilization. Her parents called her Ririna.
As the , , she drives and is the most serious member when it comes to working. She often appears to be cold and emotionless, but cares for her teammates.
As the , , he drives and is spiritually the strongest member of the team because his father, the Ashu Watcher Karato, married Ashu Kei, making Eiji half-Ashu. He mostly battles Gai (as either form) due to their bitter history. In Boukenger vs. Super Sentai, he embodies Hope.
They are led by Mister Voice, who serves as a liaison to the main SGS headquarters, and they are assisted by Makino Morino, who is the technical specialist of SGS and creator of the GoGo Vehicles, the mecha of the Boukengers.
Non-SGS Allies
One of Satoru's ex-partners who went on an expedition with him years before. Portrayed by .
One of Satoru's ex-partners who went on an expedition with him years before. Portrayed by .
She had been seeking the treasures from The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, crossing the Jyaryu Tribe while getting her fourth treasure, the Dragon's Neck Orb. She could have been Princess Kaguya herself. Portrayed by , who later portrayed Megumi Aso in Kamen Rider Kiva.
An elder from the Water Metropolis who didn't want to see any more of his people perish in the search for the Aqua Crystal. Portrayed by , who previously portrayed Mondo Tatsumi in Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive.
Magi's a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLSE
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MLSE may refer to:
Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, owner and operator of several Toronto-based sports teams
Maximum likelihood sequence estimation, an algorithm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation%20for%20Education%20Network%20Initiatives%20in%20California
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The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California (CENIC ( )) is a nonprofit corporation formed in 1997 to provide high-performance, high-bandwidth networking services to California universities and research institutions. Through this corporation, representatives from all of California's K-20 public education combine their networking resources toward the operation, deployment, and maintenance of the California Research and Education Network, or CalREN. Today, CalREN operates over 8,000 miles of fiber optic cable and serves more than 20 million users.
History
Beginning in the mid 1980s, research universities were served by a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded network, NSFNet. This funding ended, however, in 1995, as the NSF believed that the newly established commercial Internet could meet the needs of these institutions.
A model for wide-area networking began to emerge in the early 1990s, separating regional network infrastructure from national or international “backbone” infrastructure. Regional networks would connect to one or more “Internet exchange points” where traffic would be sent to or received from one or more backbone networks. When NSFNet ceased operation, this new network structure carried both research and commercial traffic.
Researchers at major universities soon began to complain that service from the commercial Internet was inadequate. This led to discussion of a separate network, funded by and for research universities, and the ultimate establishment of Internet2. The Internet2 backbone would have only two connection points in California.
At the same time, officials at the University of California, USC, Caltech, Stanford, and the California State University system (CSU) began discussing how to connect their institutions to the proposed new Internet2 network. They recognized that the key to a comprehensive information technology strategy was the development of a cohesive and seamless statewide, high-speed, advanced service network. In 1996, the University of California Office of the President, on behalf of these universities, applied for NSF funding to establish, with matching funds, a California network to provide this capacity.
When the consortium learned it would receive a grant award, its members created a not-for-profit organization independent of the founding institutions to build and manage the network. The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California (CENIC) was created in 1997. CENIC’s California Research and Education Network (CalREN) first became operational in 1998, providing connections to Internet2 for the University of California campuses, Stanford, Caltech, USC, and CSU campuses. Initially, the CSU sites linked to CENIC’s network through interconnection between CalREN and 4CNet, the CSU network that already provided Internet services to all CSU campuses and the California Community Colleges.
In 2000, the State of California provided funding to the University of California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Government%20Television
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Michigan Government Television (MGTV) was a public affairs Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel. Modeled on C-SPAN, its programming covered events and proceedings within the state government, including sessions of the Michigan House of Representatives and the Michigan Senate.
MGTV was operated by a non-profit corporation funded by cable subscription fees. The channel was on the air five days a week from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in 2008. Because of the limited schedule and limited channel pre-digital TV era, MGTV usually shared time with PEG, Leased access or infomercial channels.
History
The Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association commissioned from Public Sector Consultants a study on the feasibility of a state C-SPAN styled cable channel in 1993. The Michigan Public Service Commission and Ameritech settled an overcharging lawsuit. Governor John Engler already had his plan for such a network in motion by earmarking the overcharged settlement funds for the project. A master control room was designed and placed in the Romney office building with additional control rooms and cameras for the two capitol chambers. The cable association assisted with professional advice.
By March 1994, the Michigan House Oversight and Ethics Committee was holding meetings over the Michigan Public Service Commission plans to use $2 million in overcharged fees for the Michigan Government Television project and on February 28, 1994, Lark Samouelian started work as the appointed MGTV project manager. Engler had original plan to run the channel as a part of the executive branch, but was getting resistance.
With Engler just wishing to get the channel off the ground, the Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association offered to place the channel under non-profit 501(c)3 corporation controlled by the cable companies' executives. In December 1995, the cable companies' non-profit took over the channel. Bill Trevarthen was hired as executive director in February 1996 with his start date of April 1, 1996.
MGTV was launched on July 15, 1996. Programming included House and Senate committees, board meetings from within the executive branch, press conferences, speeches by policy makers and events made available by the state’s universities. In October 1996, MGTV made Michigan only the second state to air oral arguments from the state's Supreme Court. For the first year, the channel was only available three Lansing area cable providers, TCI, Media One and Horizon. Satellite uplink was provisioned from Videocom after considering Michigan Information Technology Network's Ku band uplink, which had rain fade. The uplink allowed the channel to go statewide. Live coverage of the Senate began in late 1997 followed soon by the House of Representatives.
For the 1998 election, the channel taped Lansing State Journal editorial board interviews with all statewide candidates and ballot issue advocates. This began a long term relationship with the newspaper. MGTV broadcast additi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20network
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In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a Jackson network (sometimes Jacksonian network) is a class of queueing network where the equilibrium distribution is particularly simple to compute as the network has a product-form solution. It was the first significant development in the theory of networks of queues, and generalising and applying the ideas of the theorem to search for similar product-form solutions in other networks has been the subject of much research, including ideas used in the development of the Internet. The networks were first identified by James R. Jackson and his paper was re-printed in the journal Management Science’s ‘Ten Most Influential Titles of Management Sciences First Fifty Years.’
Jackson was inspired by the work of Burke and Reich, though Jean Walrand notes "product-form results … [are] a much less immediate result of the output theorem than Jackson himself appeared to believe in his fundamental paper".
An earlier product-form solution was found by R. R. P. Jackson for tandem queues (a finite chain of queues where each customer must visit each queue in order) and cyclic networks (a loop of queues where each customer must visit each queue in order).
A Jackson network consists of a number of nodes, where each node represents a queue in which the service rate can be both node-dependent (different nodes have different service rates) and state-dependent (service rates change depending on queue lengths). Jobs travel among the nodes following a fixed routing matrix. All jobs at each node belong to a single "class" and jobs follow the same service-time distribution and the same routing mechanism. Consequently, there is no notion of priority in serving the jobs: all jobs at each node are served on a first-come, first-served basis.
Jackson networks where a finite population of jobs travel around a closed network also have a product-form solution described by the Gordon–Newell theorem.
Necessary conditions for a Jackson network
A network of m interconnected queues is known as a Jackson network or Jacksonian network if it meets the following conditions:
if the network is open, any external arrivals to node i form a Poisson process,
All service times are exponentially distributed and the service discipline at all queues is first-come, first-served,
a customer completing service at queue i will either move to some new queue j with probability or leave the system with probability , which, for an open network, is non-zero for some subset of the queues,
the utilization of all of the queues is less than one.
Theorem
In an open Jackson network of m M/M/1 queues where the utilization is less than 1 at every queue, the equilibrium state probability distribution exists and for state is given by the product of the individual queue equilibrium distributions
The result also holds for M/M/c model stations with ci servers at the station, with utilization requirement .
Definition
In an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20San%20Juan%20Star
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The San Juan Star is the only English and Spanish newspaper in Puerto Rico. The Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper was published by Star Media Network, a subdivision of San Juan Star, Inc.
History
The newspaper was founded in 1959 by William J. Dorvillier, and was intended for the English-speaking population in Puerto Rico. Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist William Kennedy was once the managing editor of the Star, soon after its inception to 1961. Other contributors included Eddie López and Juan Manuel García Passalacqua. Scott Ware served as managing editor from 1991 to 1992, then editor until 1994. The paper was sold in 1996 from then owner Scripps-Howard to Gerardo Angulo, a prominent Cuban businessman and venture capitalist who had formerly worked with money manager Ivan Boesky.
Relaunch
In 2009, The San Juan Star relaunched, renamed The San Juan Daily Star, having increased to daily publication: Monday through Thursday with an additional weekend edition. On October 23, 2015, Gerardo Angulo died in an automobile accident during a business trip to the Dominican Republic. The newspaper continues to operate under the ownership of the Angulo family.
See also
List of newspapers in Puerto Rico
References
External links
Official site
Newspapers established in 1959
Publications disestablished in 2008
Newspapers established in 2009
Mass media in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Newspapers published in Puerto Rico
English-language newspapers published in North America
1959 establishments in Puerto Rico
2009 establishments in Puerto Rico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20Pipeline
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CNN Pipeline was an English language video news service providing both live and on-demand video to subscribers' computers via broadband Internet connections. It was part of the CNN group of news services. The service was subscription-based, and did not contain advertising like other CNN stations. The bandwidth, storage and streaming servers was provided by AOL, which is also owned by Time Warner. Each of the feeds broadcast in the 16:9 aspect ratio, however the resolution of the broadcast prohibited it from being considered a high definition channel, and in many cases not even SDTV.
History
Pipeline was made available to the public on December 5, 2005, after years of planning and months of internal testing. It had replaced portions of CNN Interactive and the CNN.com website, placing that content in the subscription service.
On June 27, 2007, CNN discontinued the CNN Pipeline service, to be succeeded by a free ad-supported live-video stream starting on July 2. If the stand-alone Windows program was opened after June 27, CNN initiated an automatic uninstallation of the software from the subscriber's hard drive. CNN said that while it would continue to provide the four live video streams and video archives, it was abandoning the subscription model. According to CNN's blog, the reason they discontinued the service was to encourage a greater number of people to use the service. They stated they were not actually getting rid of Pipeline, or any of its features (other than the desktop program), rather funneling all of the content into CNN.com's video section for free. This transfer of Pipeline from a pay service to an integrated free service came at a time of video being offered online for free en masse, such as YouTube and TV networks offering full TV shows free online with ads, which did not exist at Pipeline's inception.
In September 2014, CNN announced CNNgo, an online service, effectively replacing Pipeline. The service contains many features from Pipeline, such as live shows and news clips.
"Pipes"
CNN Pipeline maintained four simultaneous feeds (known as "pipes"), which had both a primary and a secondary use. From 8:00 - 20:00 EST on weekdays, the primary use was shown on the feeds, meanwhile all other times the secondary use was displayed.
NOTE: The main news program was also on from 1:00 - 2:00 EST on pipe 2 on weekends. Also on weekends, "The Best Of CNN Pipeline" was on at 9:30 AM EST and at 8PM EST is "Pipeline on Stage".
The live raw feeds was of news events as they took place around the world, and were chosen by Pipeline's producers. Graphics of headlines, stock market indexes, and sports headlines took the place of advertisements during the main news program, and also when an advertisement appeared on CNN International when being simulcasted on the service.
Contractual obligations prohibited the direct simulcasting of CNN's American news channels, "CNN" and "HLN" (unless the channel was being simulcast on CNN International). Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OmniMark
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OmniMark is a fourth-generation programming language used mostly in the publishing industry. It is currently a proprietary software product of Stilo International. As of July 2022, the most recent release of OmniMark was 11.0.
Usage
OmniMark is used to process data, and convert it from one format to another, using a streaming architecture that allows it to handle large volumes of content sequentially without having to keep it all in memory. It has a built-in XML parser, and support for XQuery via integration with Sedna native XML database. It also has features to process find rules which implement a similar concept to regular expressions, although the pattern expression syntax is more English-like than the regular expression syntax used in Perl and other languages like the Ruby programming language, both of which are more widely used than OmniMark. OmniMark can also be used for schema transformation tasks in the same way as XSLT, but supports switching between procedural and functional code without the need for any additional constructs to support the procedural elements.
History
OmniMark was originally created in the 1980s by Exoterica, a Canadian software company, as a SGML processing program called XTRAN. XTRAN was later renamed OmniMark, and Exoterica became OmniMark Technologies. The current owners of OmniMark, Stilo International, have their main offices in the UK but also maintain an office in Canada.
In 1999, OmniMark president and CEO John McFadden announced that OmniMark 5 would be available free of charge, to better compete with Perl. OmniMark is no longer distributed under such a model.
Programming model
OmniMark treats input as a flow that can be scanned once, rather than as a static collection of data that supports random access. Much of an OmniMark program is in the form of condition=>action rule where the condition recognizes a length of data to be acted upon and the action specifies what is to be done with the data. There are two kinds of condition:
An element rule, which can only be used with structured documents (well-formed XML, valid XML, or SGML), recognizes a complete element: the start tag, the element content, and the end tag. Since the content may hold other elements, element rules can operate in a nested fashion. OmniMark manages the nesting in such a way that the element rules can be defined independently of each other.
A pattern, which can be used with both structured and unstructured documents, recognizes a length of text. Patterns are used like regular expressions in other languages (python, Perl, awk, ...) but have an English-like syntax that facilitates the creation of complex expressions. When parsing a structured document, patterns can be used on text going into the parser or on text coming out of the parser.
Processing unstructured input
Find rules are used to apply patterns to unstructured input. Lengths of text are recognized by a pattern that includes temporary pattern variables to captu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineers%20for%20a%20Sustainable%20World
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Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW) is a not-for-profit network headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. ESW is an umbrella organization with chapters established at over 50 colleges, universities, and city chapters located primarily in the United States and Canada ESW members work on technical design projects that have a focus on sustainability and environmental issues. Projects can be located either on-campus, in the local community, or internationally. Chapters are made up of students or professionals and are semi-autonomous.
ESW was known as Engineers Without Frontiers USA (EWF-USA) through 2004. ESW was established in 2001 in Ithaca, New York at Cornell University. ESW was based at Cornell from 2001 through August 30, 2007, when it moved its headquarters to the San Francisco Bay Area. In July 2011, ESW moved its headquarters to Merced, California at the University of California, Merced. In July 2013, the organization became an independent legal entity with its headquarters currently in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Overview
ESW is managed by a leadership team that consists entirely of volunteers. They include the executive director, development director, chief operating officer, program directors, chapter relations director, professional relations director, along with affiliated departments. Volunteers include current chapter members as well as graduated professionals. Since incorporation, the national leadership team is overseen by a board of directors. It also has an advisory board of professionals.
ESW also has a board of directors with additional members from academia and corporations.
On its official website, ESW defines its vision as the following:
ESW defines its mission as:
ESW defines its goals as follows:
In support of the mission, ESW's primary goals are to:
Stimulate and foster an increased, and more diverse community of engineers;
Bring together students and professionals of various disciplines to create lasting solutions with immediate impacts;
Infuse sustainability into the practice and studies of every engineer;
Encourage innovative ideas that promote environmental, economic, and social sustainability;
Increase community participation in sustainable engineering and development worldwide.
Organization History
While earning an engineering master's degree at Cornell University, Regina Clewlow began developing the vision for Engineers Without Frontiers USA (EWF-USA) in early 2001. Working with her friend and mentor, Krishna Athreya, Regina began to develop the framework for EWF-USA's national organization. As a part of an MBA course at Cornell, she developed the business plan for EWF-USA and secured a partnership with a non-profit incubator based at Cornell called the Center for Transformative Action. EWF-USA was then officially established, with Regina Clewlow as its founding executive director.
In the spring of 2002, the first collegiate chapters were formed at Cornell and Pennsylvania State University. By December 2002,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien%20search
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In abstract algebra, the Chien search, named after Robert Tienwen Chien, is a fast algorithm for determining roots of polynomials defined over a finite field. Chien search is commonly used to find the roots of error-locator polynomials encountered in decoding Reed-Solomon codes and BCH codes.
Algorithm
The problem is to find the roots of the polynomial (over the finite field ):
The roots may be found using brute force: there are a finite number of , so the polynomial can be evaluated for each element . If the polynomial evaluates to zero, then that element is a root.
For the trivial case , only the coefficient need be tested for zero. Below, the only concern will be for non-zero .
A straightforward evaluation of the polynomial involves general multiplications and additions. A more efficient scheme would use Horner's method for general multiplications and additions. Both of these approaches may evaluate the elements of the finite field in any order.
Chien search improves upon the above by selecting a specific order for the non-zero elements. In particular, the finite field has a (constant) generator element . Chien tests the elements in the generator's order . Consequently, Chien search needs only multiplications by constants and additions. The multiplications by constants are less complex than general multiplications.
The Chien search is based on two observations:
Each non-zero may be expressed as for some , where is a primitive element of , is the power number of primitive element . Thus the powers for cover the entire field (excluding the zero element).
The following relationship exists:
In other words, we may define each as the sum of a set of terms , from which the next set of coefficients may be derived thus:
In this way, we may start at with , and iterate through each value of up to . If at any stage the resultant summation is zero, i.e.
then also, so is a root. In this way, we check every element in the field.
When implemented in hardware, this approach significantly reduces the complexity, as all multiplications consist of one variable and one constant, rather than two variables as in the brute-force approach.
References
Error detection and correction
Finite fields
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Elizabeth%20Clark
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Sister Mary Elizabeth Clark (born 1938, in Pontiac, Michigan) is the main mover of the AIDS Education and Global Information System database, previously a pre-World Wide Web bulletin board system.
Biography
Clark was born in June 1938 in Pontiac, Michigan and assigned male at birth.
In 1957, she enlisted in the United States Navy and rose to the rank of chief petty officer (E-7), serving as an instructor in anti-submarine warfare. Clark had an 11-year marriage which produced a son, but ended acrimoniously.
She married again, and later revealed her gender dysphoria to her second wife, who helped her through self-identifying as female. Upon learning of her psychological evaluations, the Navy discharged her honorably. In 1975 she underwent a sex reassignment surgery and took the name Joanna Michelle Clark.
A U.S. Army Reserves recruiter who was aware that she was transgender enlisted her as a woman in the Army in 1976. A year and a half later, she was nominated for promotion to warrant officer. Her enlistment was voided when her transgender status became known to higher-ups. She brought suit against the Army and won a settlement of $25,000 and an honorable discharge.
During the 1970s, she was an activist for the rights of transsexual people and was instrumental in winning the right of Californians to have their gender changed on their birth certificates and driver licenses. In 1980, she founded and led the ACLU Transsexual Rights Committee.
She had been raised Southern Baptist, but left the church due to disillusionment with racism in its congregations. In the 1980s, she felt a religious calling and worked to become an Episcopal sister. Conflict with the Episcopal diocese over the validity of the order she sought to found led to her leaving the denomination shortly after she took her vows in 1988, and she later became a sister of the American Catholic Church, a small independent Christian denomination following Catholic rites.
Also in the 1980s she continued the work of the Erickson Educational Foundation, aiding transgender people.
In 1990, inspired by meeting an isolated young man with AIDS in rural Missouri, she returned to her family home in San Juan Capistrano, California, taking on the bulletin board system AEGIS begun by Jamie Jemison and eventually building it into the "most definitive – and perhaps the most accessible – source of information on" AIDS.
Awards and recognition
She is the recipient of the Award of Courage from the American Foundation for AIDS Research, the Jonathan Mann Award for Health and Human Rights from the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, the Crystal Heart award from the San Diego GLBT Center and the Joan of Arc award from the Orange County Community Foundation.
References
1938 births
Living people
American LGBT military personnel
People from Pontiac, Michigan
Military personnel from Michigan
HIV/AIDS activists
American health activists
LGBT Christians
People from San Juan Capistrano, C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking%20Footy
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Talking Footy is an Australian rules football television program on the Seven Network broadcast from 1994–2004, 2013–2020 and again 2023–. The show was hosted mainly by Bruce McAvaney and Luke Darcy in both runs of the show, now to be hosted by James Brayshaw.
Original format (1994–2004)
The program was first broadcast from 1994 until 2004. It was created by Gary Fenton, the Seven Network's then Director of Sport.
The show was hosted by Bruce McAvaney from 1995 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2002, Tim Lane in 1999, Gerard Healy in 2000 and Tim Watson in 2003 and 2004.
Regular couch members included Mike Sheahan, Malcolm Blight, Terry Wallace, Caroline Wilson and Leigh Matthews.
It was initially screened on Monday evening at 8:30 pm in 1995, then on Monday at 10:30 pm until the end of 2000. In 2001 it moved to Tuesday nights and stayed there until the program was axed at the end of the 2004 season. The program struggled in the last few years due to the network not having the rights to broadcast the AFL while also having poor ratings.
New format (2013–2020)
In August 2013, the Seven Network revived the series, which aired on a Thursday night throughout the 2013 final series with Bruce McAvaney, Luke Darcy, Wayne Carey and Andrew Demetriou as panelists.
The following year saw the show return to Monday nights at 7.30 pm on 7mate in Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth, and on delay at midnight the same day in Sydney and Brisbane.
The show is hosted by Luke Darcy with Wayne Carey, Tim Watson and Jacqui Felgate. It is broadcast from Seven's Docklands studios in Melbourne. Other panellist to appear on the program included Brian Taylor, Campbell Brown, Sam McClure and Mick Warner.
In June 2020, the program will be temporarily axed along with AFL Game Day due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. The show was confirmed cancelled by Seven's head of sport Lewis Martin in March 2020 with a new “Footy Magazine” set to replace it.
Segments
Various segments on the show include:
"The Blowtorch"
"Inside 50"
"Say That Again"
New format – Talking Finals (2023)
In August 2023, confirmation that Talking Footy would return with a new format labelled Talking Finals.
James Brayshaw will host the series with Tim Watson, Trent Cotchin and Joel Selwood will appear as panellist.
Mitch Cleary will provide sports breaking news, trade updates and team updates.
The show will broadcast first week of the AFL 2023 Final Series and run for 4 episodes in the led up to the finals.
The first episode of the new Talking Finals will run at 10pm and following episodes at 9pm.
Episode broadcast on Tuesday 5 September 2023.
Previous Presenters/Panellist
·Bruce McAvaney (1994–1998, 2001–2002)
·Tim Lane (1999)
·Gerard Healy (2000)
·Luke Darcy (2014–2020)
Parodies
In 2005, comedian Andrew Startin appeared on the rival Nine Network with a send-up of the show on The Footy Show. Gary Ayres was sent up with his catchphrase "at the end of the day" and "You've got your Buckleys, your H
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine%27s%20Wide%20World%20of%20Sports
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Nine's Wide World of Sports is a long running sports anthology brand on Australian television that airs on the Nine Network and streaming service Stan. All major sports, events and series covered by the network are broadcast under this brand, the flagship sports being rugby league (National Rugby League), rugby union (Super Rugby and Wallabies international matches) and Grand Slam tennis (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open). Previous sporting rights include the Australian rules football (Australian Football League), Australian Cricket Team home season, spring and autumn horse racing, swimming until 2008, and golf (US Masters) since 2018.
History
1981–1990s – Creation and contract competition
Wide World of Sports (WWoS) is a long-used title for Nine's sport programming. All sports broadcasts on Nine air under the WWoS brand. It was also the name of a popular sports magazine program that aired most Saturdays and Sundays. This program filled many of the summer daytime hours. It was first pitched by Gordon Carr who went on to hold a broad portfolio in WWoS. The program premiered at 1:00 pm on Saturday, 23 May 1981, and was initially hosted by Mike Gibson and Ian Chappell, before being hosted in the 1990s by Max Walker and Ken Sutcliffe. Ian Maurice was the regular anchor at the WWOS Update Desk. The show ended in 1999, due in large part to the rise of Fox Sports (which Nine's owner owned half of) and other subscription sport channels, but the show returned in 2008 on Sunday mornings.
It was unrelated to the series "Wide World of Sports" aired by ABC in the United States, which started in 1961. From the early 1970s, the main sport aired nationally under the WWoS brand was cricket. Nine's majority owner Kerry Packer created World Series Cricket in part because he couldn't obtain the rights to Australian test matches at home, even though he offered the Australian Cricket Board a $1.5 million 3-year contract which was rejected by the ACB who signed a 3-year deal with the ABC to broadcast test matches. This led to Packer signing in secret some of the world's best cricket players for a breakaway competition.
In 1978, 35 of the "world's best players" had signed with Packer's World Series Cricket, which was broadcast in competition with ABC's cricket coverage of the ICC. Nine's Wide World of Sports was the "first broadcaster to put a microphone on the players for an international cricket match," which later became common practice in the industry. ABC and Nine then signed a truce after a long dispute in 1979, with Nine securing the exclusive rights to telecast Australian cricket. From that point until 2006, Nine based its summer schedule around broadcasts of cricket internationally and domestic. Its cricket broadcasts in that era revolutionized the way the sport was covered, featuring cameras placed at both ends of the field (after Packer famously complained about seeing "cricketer's bums" every second over), instant replays, and othe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDN
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GDN is a three letter acronym which may refer to:
The IATA code for Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport in Poland
Gulf Daily News, an English newspaper in Bahrain
Global Development Network, a network of research and policy institutes
Gangster Disciples, a street and prison gang in Chicago, United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking%20software
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Tracking software may mean:
GPS tracking software
Multitrack recording software
Music tracker
Computer surveillance software
Employee monitoring software
Email tracking
Chat log
Keystroke logging
Parental controls
Spyware
Mobile phone tracking
Website tracking
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automata-based%20programming
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Automata-based programming is a programming paradigm in which the program or part of it is thought of as a model of a finite-state machine (FSM) or any other (often more complicated) formal automaton (see automata theory). Sometimes a potentially infinite set of possible states is introduced, and such a set can have a complicated structure, not just an enumeration.
Finite-state machine-based programming is generally the same, but, formally speaking, does not cover all possible variants, as FSM stands for finite-state machine, and automata-based programming does not necessarily employ FSMs in the strict sense.
The following properties are key indicators for automata-based programming:
The time period of the program's execution is clearly separated down to the automaton steps. Each step is effectively an execution of a code section (same for all the steps) which has a single entry point. That section might be divided down to subsections to be executed depending on different states, although this is not necessary.
Any communication between the automaton steps is only possible via the explicitly noted set of variables named the automaton state. Between any two steps, the program cannot have implicit components of its state, such as local variables' values, return addresses, the current instruction pointer, etc. That is, the state of the whole program, taken at any two moments of entering an automaton step, can only differ in the values of the variables being considered as the automaton state.
The whole execution of the automata-based code is a cycle of the automaton steps.
Another reason for using the notion of automata-based programming is that the programmer's style of thinking about the program in this technique is very similar to the style of thinking used to solve mathematical tasks using Turing machines, Markov algorithms, etc.
Example
Task
Consider the task of reading a text from standard input line-by-line and writing the first word of each line to standard output. First we skip all leading whitespace characters, if any. Then we print all the characters of the first word. Finally we skip all the trailing characters until a newline character is encountered. Whenever a sequence of newline characters is encountered not at the beginning of the stream, we print only the first one and skip the remaining ones; else, we skip all. Next we restart the process at the following line. Upon encountering the end-of-file condition (regardless of the stage), we stop.
Traditional program
A traditional program in C which performs the above task could look like this:
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int c;
do {
do {
c = getchar();
} while (isspace(c));
while (!isspace(c) && c != EOF) {
putchar(c);
c = getchar();
}
while (c != '\n' && c != EOF) {
c = getchar();
}
if (c == '\n') {
putchar(c);
}
} while (c != EOF);
return 0;
}
For instance, compili
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93Hachette%20French%20Dictionary
|
The Oxford–Hachette French Dictionary is one of the most comprehensive bilingual French–English / English–French dictionaries. It was the first such dictionary to be written using a computerized corpus. It contains 360,000 words and expressions and 555,000 translations. The first edition was published in 1994, with its second, third and fourth editions appearing in 1997, 2001 and 2007, respectively. The dictionary is entirely bilingual, and it is marketed under two different names, one French, one English:
Le grand dictionnaire Hachette–Oxford
Oxford–Hachette French Dictionary
A concise or condensed version is also available. Both are jointly published by Oxford University Press and Hachette Education.
Its two main competitors are Harrap's Shorter French Dictionary published by Chambers Harrap Publishers and Collins-Robert French Dictionary published by Harper-Collins.
External links
Oxford University Press: Pocket Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary: French-English (4 ed.), Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary Fourth Edition, Compact Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary
iTunes page: Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary By MobiSystems, Inc., Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary FREE By MobiSystems, Inc.
Microsoft Store page: Oxford Hachette French Dictionary
1994 non-fiction books
Oxford dictionaries
French dictionaries
English bilingual dictionaries
Hachette (publisher) books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eressea%20%28video%20game%29
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Eressea is an open-ended multi-player computer moderated fantasy turn-based strategy game world for any number of players. Players interact with the game via email. As of August 2006, the game has over 900 players, and has had weekly turns since August 27, 1996.
Gameplay
The game world is populated by many races and monsters. It consists mainly of player-populated islands separated by oceans, and players control a growing number of units of a given race to build empires, armies and fleets.
Like most open-ended games, Eressea has no declared objective, it cannot be "won". It is possible to start playing even now, years into the game, and while some players have been playing their empire for many years, several new ones join every turn. Playing is free, although signups for German players (who make up 80% of the population of Eressea) have now been tied to a donation for an animal conservation charity.
Development
The game was originally based on a very early version of Atlantis, but has been developed since 1996 independently of the original. The game is internationalized with support for English- and German-language play. In March 2010 the source code to most of the game was made publicly available under an open source license.
External links
Eressea website
Sourcecode
Magellan, a free GUI client
CSMapfx, a free map viewer (German language)
1996 video games
Lua (programming language)-scripted video games
Fantasy video games
Play-by-email video games
Strategy video games
Video games developed in Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanson%20network
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The Jeanson network () was a group of French leftwing militants led by Francis Jeanson who helped Algerian National Liberation Front agents operating in the French metropolitan territory during the Algerian War. They were mainly involved in carrying money and papers for the Algerians and were sometimes called "the suitcase carriers" (les porteurs de valises), a notion from the French resistance movement during World War II. The communist anticolonialist activist Henri Curiel participated in the network, as did the forger Adolfo Kaminsky. The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and writer Simone de Beauvoir were supportive of the Jeanson network. Photojournalist and author Dominique Darbois was another intellectual in Jeanson's network.
Notable suitcase carriers
Francis Jeanson
Henri Curiel
Jacques Vergès
Dominique Darbois
See also
Anti-colonialism
References
Algerian War
Contemporary French history
Rebel groups in Algeria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAC-II
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CRAC-II is both a computer code (titled Calculation of Reactor Accident Consequences) and the 1982 report of the simulation results performed by Sandia National Laboratories for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The report is sometimes referred to as the CRAC-II report because it is the computer program used in the calculations, but the report is also known as the 1982 Sandia Siting Study or as NUREG/CR-2239. The computer program MACCS2 has since replaced CRAC-II for the consequences of radioactive release.
CRAC-II has been declared to be obsolete and will be replaced by the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses study.
The CRAC-II simulations calculated the possible consequences of a worst-case accident under worst-case conditions (a so-called "class-9 accident") for several different U.S. nuclear power plants. In the Sandia Siting Study, the Indian Point Energy Center was calculated to have the largest possible consequences for an SST1 (spectrum of source terms) release, with estimated maximum possible casualty numbers of around 50,000 deaths, 150,000 injuries, and property damage of $274 Billion to $314 Billion (based on figures at the time of the report in 1982). The Sandia Siting Study ,however, is commonly misused as a risk analysis, which it is not. It is a sensitivity analysis of different amounts of radioactive releases and an SST1 release is now generally considered not a credible accident (see below).
Another significant report is the 1991 NUREG-1150 calculations, which is a more-rigorous risk assessment of five U.S. Nuclear Power Plants.
Followup study
As the NRC was preparing NUREG-1437, Supplement 56, "Generic Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants Supplement 56 Regarding Fermi Nuclear Power Plant", it solicited comments on the proposed report. In response to comments specifically mentioning the CRAC-II study, the NRC wrote:
"The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has devoted considerable research resources, both in the past and currently, to evaluating accidents and the possible public consequences of severe reactor accidents. The NRC's most recent studies have confirmed that early research into the topic led to extremely conservative consequence analyses that generate
invalid results for attempting to quantify the possible effects of very unlikely severe accidents. In particular, these previous studies did not reflect current plant design, operation, accident management strategies or security enhancements. They often used unnecessarily conservative estimates or assumptions concerning possible damage to the reactor core, the possible radioactive contamination that could be released, and possible failures of the reactor vessel and containment buildings. These previous studies also failed to realistically model the effect of emergency preparedness. The NRC performed a state-of-the-art assessment of possible
severe accidents as part of its ongoing effort to evaluate the consequences of suc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%21%20Scandinavia
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Star! Scandinavia was a television channel in northern Europe that is devoted to entertainment and celebrity news and programming. The channel was managed by Scandinavian television broadcaster NonStop Television, part of Turner Broadcasting.
The channel was fashioned after Star! (a former Canadian entertainment channel now branded as E!, after the U.S.-based channel of the same namesake) and is licensed from Bell Media (previously CTVglobemedia and CHUM Limited). Programming is a mix of several Bell Media television channels such as E!, FashionTelevisionChannel, MuchMore and others. American entertainment news program Showbiz Tonight from HLN is shown several times a day on the channel. Star! Scandinavia has also shown several award shows such as the Grammy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards, the Sundance Film Festival and the BAFTA Film Awards.
History
Star! Scandinavia was launched in September 2000, but was then named E! after its American counterpart on a license with Comcast. A fashion channel called Style broadcast on the same channel during the daytime. E! has licensed its name and brand identity to regional cable television networks in nearly every country worldwide. This includes an international network (set up in Europe during 2005) that is broadcast from the Netherlands across most of Europe (i.e. Scandinavia, France, Ireland, the UK), and joint-venture channels in Israel and throughout Argentina, Brazil and the rest of Latin America. In July 2004 the Scandinavian channel changed its affiliation and was renamed Star! while E! set up their own channel in Europe.
It was originally available in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark, but has since extended its coverage to Iceland, the Netherlands, Belgium and the Baltics. Programmes are not interrupted by commercials but placed in between programs. The channel is operated by NonStop Television, which also operates movie channels Showtime Scandinavia and Silver.
The channel started broadcasting terrestrially in Sweden in the autumn of 2002. It was originally broadcasting for 24 hours per day, but when new licenses were granted in February 2006 the broadcasting hours of the channel were reduced and Star! would broadcast from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. On 1 May 2010 Star! started broadcasting in South Africa through the TopTV pay TV operator.
Following a deal between Star!'s brand owner, CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media), and Comcast, the original Star! channel in Canada was replaced by E! on 29 November 2010. The rebranding did not affect Star! in Scandinavia.
Star! was closed on 15 July 2015, with an 2002 episode of FashionTelevision, after the episode ended, a slide was seen, the message saying "Thanks", the Star! logo and the website for the channel (it redirected to the Turner website) after which the channel space created by E! in 2000 folded and ceased to exist.
Logos
References
Pan-Nordic television channels
Defunct television channels in Sweden
Defunct television channels in Norway
Defunct
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20and%20Again%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20Voyager%29
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"Time and Again" is the fourth episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. The episode first aired on January 30, 1995, on the UPN television network.
Voyager, commanded by Captain Janeway, is hit by a shock wave come from a nearby solar system, and goes to investigate. On arrival they beam down an away team to a planet's surface where the wave originated.
This episode aired on the United Paramount Network (UPN) on January 30, 1995.
Production
Scenes in this episode were filmed at Tillman Water Reclamation Plant in California, which has been a popular shooting location for the Star Trek franchise.
Plot
While Lt Tom Paris is peer-pressuring Ensign Harry Kim to go on a date with the Delaney sisters from stellar cartography, Voyager is hit by a "polaric" detonation from a nearby planet. On arrival, they find the planet's population has been completely wiped out. An away team, including Captain Kathryn Janeway and Lieutenant Tom Paris, transport to the surface and estimate from the ruins that the explosion only happened a day earlier. Signs of temporal anomalies have been left in its wake. Janeway and Paris become caught in one, finding themselves on the planet the day before the explosion. Quickly integrating themselves into the general population, they learn that the planet's civilization is powered by a volatile form of energy known as "polaric" energy, an option that has been met with some protest. Janeway and Paris become caught up with a group of saboteurs threatening to compromise one of the polaric power plants. Janeway and Paris's strange Starfleet equipment prompt the saboteurs to believe they are infiltrators, so they confiscate the equipment, bring forward their sabotage plan and force Janeway and Paris to accompany them to the power plant.
Meanwhile, a day in the future, Kes's nascent psychic ability allows her to identify that Janeway and Paris have fallen back into the past. The remaining senior Voyager officers develop a method to create a short-lived rift to the past through which they hope to evacuate Janeway and Paris.
The saboteurs use Janeway and Paris as a diversion to allow them access to the polaric plant, during which Paris is shot and wounded. As they begin their sabotage, the Voyager crew initiates the rift. Janeway recognizes that it is the rift which, if not closed, will trigger the detonation that kills all life on the planet. The saboteurs allow Janeway to use her phaser to force the rift to close, changing the future.
Events then return to the start of the episode: Voyager detects the nearby planet, bustling with a pre-warp civilization using polaric energy. Kes appears on the bridge, concerned about a feeling of deja vu, but is relieved to see the planet's civilization is alive and well. In accordance with the Prime Directive, Voyager refrains from communicating with it and continues on its journey home.
Reception
Reviewers Lance Parkin and Mark Jones noted with disappointment the sim
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