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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVNS-TV
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WVNS-TV (channel 59) is a television station licensed to Lewisburg, West Virginia, United States, serving the Bluefield–Beckley–Oak Hill market as an affiliate of CBS, Fox, and MyNetworkTV. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, and has studios on Old Cline Road in Ghent, West Virginia; its transmitter is near Alderson, West Virginia.
History
The station began broadcasting on August 12, 1995, as WB affiliate WVGV-TV. It was the first station in the market not affiliated with one of the big three networks. The station was originally set to sign-on in 1994 as a Fox affiliate. However, after the station's launch was delayed past the start of the 1994–95 season, Fox canceled the affiliation. WVGV was not successful due to difficulty in selling advertising time due to the network's unproven schedule of sitcoms and urbane programming that would struggle to help the network establish a foothold in rural markets. It was also hamstrung by a UHF signal, in a market where the market's stations were dominant and all carried in VHF, which propagates better across the region's mountainous and rugged terrain. Furthermore, the late sign-on made it difficult to get carriage on the area's cable systems. This was a serious problem since cable is a must for acceptable television in this market, most of which is very mountainous.
By May, when cable systems in the area were ready to carry the station, WVGV had agreed to be sold to High Mountain Broadcasting. The new owners took the station dark in order to relocate the studios from Lewisburg to Ghent (between Beckley and Bluefield) and move the transmitter site from Cross Mountain to a more central location to better serve Beckley and Bluefield as well as Lewisburg. The station returned to the air on December 24, 1996, as Fox affiliate WVSX. However, due to problems with the transmitter's unique power supply design, it did not transmit regularly until after January 1, 1997. The station continued to struggle financially.
Relief did not come until WVSX changed its affiliation to CBS on September 29, 2001. Prior to 2001, Bluefield–Beckley–Oak Hill was one of the few markets in the Eastern Time Zone without full service from the Big Three networks. In fact, CBS programming had not been available over-the-air at all in the area since ABC affiliate WOAY-TV dropped the CBS Evening News and Captain Kangaroo from its schedule in the early 1970s; it had dropped most of its CBS programming in 1967. Since the arrival of cable in the market in the late 1970s, Huntington–Charleston's CBS affiliate—WCHS-TV until 1986, and future sister station WOWK since then—had served as the default CBS affiliate for the West Virginia side of the market while WDBJ in Roanoke served the Virginia portion. Both WOWK and WDBJ are still available on most of the area's cable systems. On February 28, 2003, the station was again sold, this time to West Virginia Media Holdings. As a result, the company owned three of the four CBS affiliates servin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambezia
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Zambezia may refer to:
Zambesia, a self-proclaimed state in Southern Africa.
Zambezia Province, Mozambique
Zambezia, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
Zambezia (film), a 2012 South African computer-animated film
Zambezia (journal): The Journal of Humanities of the University of Zimbabwe
Zambezia or Zambesia, an early name for Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding%20aid
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A finding aid, in the context of archival science, is an organization tool, a document containing detailed, indexed, and processed metadata and other information about a specific collection of records within an archive. Finding aids often consist of a documentary inventory and description of the materials, their source, and their structure. The finding aid for a fonds is usually compiled by the collection's entity of origin, provenance, or by an archivist during archival processing, and may be considered the archival science equivalent of a library catalog or a museum collection catalog. The finding aid serves the purpose of locating specific information within the collection. The finding aid can also help the archival repository manage their materials and resources.
The history of finding aids mirrors the history of information. Ancient Sumerians had their own systems of indexes to locate bureaucratic and administrative records. Finding aids in the 19th and 20th centuries were paper documents, such as lists or index cards. In the 21st century, they can be created in electronic formats like spreadsheets or databases. The standard machine-readable format for manuscript collection finding aids, widely used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Australia and elsewhere, is Encoded Archival Description.
Overview
Finding aids exist as a central tool for user and archivist interaction with archival collections. Freund and Toms note that finding aids became the preferred means of user mediation with a collection, as a result of the print nature of most historical materials. They go on to explain that the finding aid within this print-based form is designed to describe a single collection or arrangement from a similar provenance. Clayton McGehee argues that the finding aid became preferred by archivists and repositories as a means of organizing their collections because it allowed for them to intellectually and physically control the items they held. Archivists could acquire, deaccession, redact, and reorganize materials. The finding aids could reflect these changes to the collection, but also reflected that only the archivists would know about these changes to the collection. Paper based collections with finding aids ensured that patrons would have to rely upon the archivist to find and utilize materials.
The contents of finding aids may differ depending on the types of material being described. Usually, a finding aid includes a description of the scope of the collection, biographical and historical information related to the collection, and restrictions on use of or access to the materials. Finding aids may be detailed inventories that list contents. They may also include subject headings drawn from LCSH, AAT, or other controlled vocabulary, and may cross-refer to related collections in other repositories. The data elements essential to finding aids are defined by the International Council on Archives in the General International S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoriteam
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Minoriteam is an American adult animated television series on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It ran from 2005 to 2006, with a total of one season and 20 episodes. The show was not renewed for a second season and was cancelled. It continued to have a web presence on the Adult Swim website, with episodes streaming intermittently, until its removal on June 12, 2020.
Plot
The plot of the show revolves around five superheroes, each of whom is based on a racial or ethnic stereotype, who join forces to fight against a bunch of villains who are mostly discriminatory concepts. The show's artwork is largely an homage to Jack Kirby ("King Kirby" is thanked in the show's end credits), while the animation style parodies the limited animation of The Marvel Super Heroes of 1966. The opening tag declaring that Minoriteam is broadcast "FULLY COLORED" is both a racial reference and an homage to the "IN COLOR" or "IN TECHNICOLOR" line opening many old cartoons.
Characters
Minoriteam
Dr. Wang, Chinese Human Calculator (voiced by Dana Snyder) – The leader of the Minoriteam. He is paraplegic. He has a terrible personality and powerful mental abilities gained from drinking his own urine. He also owns and operates a laundromat where he charges extra to get your clothes back from the machines. In addition, he has faked accidents to obtain legal settlements and is a compulsive gambler. He has no known non-stereotypical in real life. In the episode "The Assimilator", Dr. Wang gives the team "tea" to drink and then tells them that it is his urine. His depiction as Chinese, however, leans more to the stereotype of Northeast Chinese people, mostly with his mustache and queue, which otherwise makes his design reminiscent of Dr. Fu Manchu.
El Jefe (voiced by Nick Puga) – El Jefe is an overweight, moustached Mexican who fights crime with the Leafblower 3000, the deadliest weapon in the entire universe. His mask is a Sombrero pulled halfway down his face with eye holes cut in it. In his non-stereotypical real life, Richard Escartin is the handsome billionaire CEO of his own oil company. El Jefe is also 1/18th Viking.
Fasto (voiced by Rodney Saulsberry) – An African-American who is known as “the fastest man that ever was.” In addition, he seems to have the power to seduce or charm all white women in the immediate area. Fasto wears a green mask, a T-shirt, cut-off jeans, striped tube socks, and sneakers. In his non-stereotypical real life, Landon K. Dutton is a bookish and bespectacled Professor of Women's Studies. He vigorously pursues sexual relationships with what he calls "booty" (especially white women) but is uninterested in an exclusive relationship. His father is a space-alien from the planet Blackton which was destroyed by Balactus.
Jewcano (voiced by Enn Reitel) – A white-bearded, massively muscular man in a yarmulke (which he can throw like a deadly frisbee a la Wonder Woman's tiara) and a Star of David leotard with the powers of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20Coordinate%20Mechanics
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Internal Coordinate Mechanics (ICM) is a software program and algorithm to predict low-energy conformations of molecules by sampling the space of internal coordinates (bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles) defining molecular geometry. In ICM each molecule is constructed as a tree from an entry atom where each next atom is built iteratively from the preceding three atoms via three internal variables. The rings kept rigid or imposed via additional restraints. ICM is used for modelling peptides and interactions with substrates and coenzymes.
Software
ICM also is a programming environment for various tasks in computational chemistry and computational structural biology, sequence analysis and rational drug design. The original goal was to develop algorithms for energy optimization of several biopolymers with respect to an arbitrary subset of internal coordinates such as bond lengths, bond angles torsion angles and phase angles. The efficient and general global optimization method which evolved from the original ICM method is still the central piece of the program. It is this basic algorithm which is used for peptide prediction, homology modeling and loop simulations, flexible macromolecular docking and energy refinement. However the complexity of problems related to structure prediction and analysis, as well as the desire for perfection, compactness and consistency, led to the program's expansion into neighboring areas such as graphics, chemistry, sequence analysis and database searches, mathematics, statistics and plotting.
The original meaning became too narrow, but the name was kept. The current integrated ICM shell contains hundreds of variables, functions, commands, database and web tools, novel algorithms for structure prediction and analysis into a powerful, yet compact program which is still called ICM. The seven principal areas are centered on a general core of shell-language and data analysis and visualization.
References
Abagyan, R.A. and Totrov, M.M. Biased Probability Monte Carlo Conformational Searches and Electrostatic Calculations For Peptides and Proteins J. Mol. Biol., 235, 983–1002, 1994.
Abagyan, R.A., Totrov, M.M., and Kuznetsov, D.A. ICM: A New Method For Protein Modeling and Design: Applications To Docking and Structure Prediction From The Distorted Native Conformation. J. Comput. Chem., 15, 488–506, 1994.
Totrov, M.M. and Abagyan, R.A. Efficient Parallelization of The Energy, Surface and Derivative Calculations For internal Coordinate Mechanics. J. Comput. Chem., 15, 1105–1112, 1994.
External links
The NERF algorithm for efficient conversion of sequential torsion angles to Cartesian coordinates
www.molsoft.com
iSee (interactive Structurally enhanced experience)
EDS (Electron Density Server) (ICM supports electron density visualization)
Computational chemistry software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySpace%20Records
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MySpace Records was a record label founded in 2005 to sign artists who appeared on the social networking site Myspace. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of Myspace, operating as a joint-venture between MySpace and Interscope Records. Distribution is contracted to Universal Music Group's Fontana Distribution, with manufacturing and external marketing by Universal's Interscope.
MySpace Records operated as a record label located in Beverly Hills, California. The president was MySpace co-founder Tom Anderson, until he left the company in 2009. The company was shut down in December 2016.
Milestones
In March 2008 MySpace Records released Pennywise's ninth album, Reason to Believe. A partnership with corporate sponsor Textango meant that MySpace Records provided fans with a free download of the album during a two-week period, in exchange for adding the sponsor as a friend on MySpace.com.
In 2009 Jeremy Greene released his single "Rain" featuring Pitbull that became the #1 song on MySpace in its prime.
Former artists
Adventure Galley
Call the Cops
Kate Voegele
Meiko
Disco Curtis
Zendy Yunoki
Hollywood Undead
Jeremy Greene
Jordyn Taylor
Christina Milian
Mateo
Bossman
Mickey Avalon
Nico Vega
Pennywise
Polysics
Sherwood
Dirt Nasty
Set To Fall
Tray
Compilations
MySpace Records Volume 1
AFI — "Rabbits are Roadkill on Rt. 37"
New Years Day — "Ready, Aim, Misfire"
Socratic — "Lunch for the Sky"
The Click Five — "Angel to You"
Say Anything — "Every Man Has a Molly"
Fall Out Boy — "Nobody Puts Baby in the Corner (Acoustic)"
Dashboard Confessional — "Hands Down"
Waking Ashland — "I Am for You"
Weezer — "We Are All on Drugs"
Hollywood Undead — "No. 5"
Against Me! — "Don't Lose Touch"
Tila Tequila — "Straight Up"
The All-American Rejects — "Stab My Back"
The Summer Obsession — "Melt the Sugar"
Plain White T's — "Take Me Away"
Copeland — "Pin Your Wings"
Jupiter Sunrise — "Arthur Nix"
References
External links
MySpace Records on Myspace
Myspace
American record labels
Record labels established in 2005
Record labels disestablished in 2016
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20RM%20class%20%28Clayton%29
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The NZR RM class Clayton steam rail motor was a unique railcar that was operated by New Zealand Railways (NZR) for New Zealand's national rail network and one of only two steam railcars to operate in New Zealand - the other being 1925's RM class Sentinel-Cammell.
Background
In the early 20th century, NZR began experiments with railcars as an option to replace unprofitable regional locomotive-hauled carriage expresses and to provide efficient passenger service on rural branch lines that were served solely by slow mixed trains that carried both goods and passengers. Such mixed trains had slow schedules as they had to load and unload freight regularly, making their stops longer than passenger service would normally require.
Construction
Built in 1926 by Clayton Carriage and Wagon of Lincoln, England and assembled at NZR's Petone Workshops, the railcar could seat up to 52 people and its steam boiler could generate a pressure of 275 psi. It could be driven from either end and was capable of hauling a wagon or two of freight, and its airy, open design proved popular with passengers. It was not popular with crews or mechanics. Before it even commenced revenue operations, a heavier firebox and larger boiler had to be installed, and its poor reliability necessitated regular repairs. Due to these issues, no additional examples of the railcar were built.
In service
After its assembly and improvements were completed, the railcar was transferred to the South Island and took over passenger duties on the Kurow Branch, running from Kurow to Oamaru and return six days a week. Previously, the line's passenger services had been worked by mixed trains that carried both passengers and goods and thus would regularly stop for extended periods to load and unload freight. The steam railcar proved to be a vast improvement for passengers, as its schedule was an hour quicker, at just 1 hour 45 minutes. It could maintain a speed of on straight, flat track, but when presented with steep grades or sharp curves, its speed would drop to . One quirk of its operations was that farmers' dogs had to be carried in dog boxes for the duration of the trip rather than lying at their master's feet; as the railcar operated on a rural branch line, this policy was not greeted with enthusiasm.
Withdrawal
On 10 November 1928, a regular locomotive-hauled passenger train replaced the railcar, but this was not the end of its life. It was assigned to run various services in Otago and Southland for a number of years. In 1929 it worked suburban services between Invercargill and Bluff on the Bluff Branch. From 1930 it was only used intermittently, and after eleven years of operation, it was withdrawn in 1937 and dismantled in the Invercargill yard.
Railcar technology was improving by the 1930s. The Vulcan railcars (which had a lavatory) were ordered not long after the Clayton retired, and there was little need or economic justification for an older, somewhat unreliable steam-powered r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures%20of%20Dino%20Riki
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Adventures of Dino Riki, known in Japan as , is a video game released in 1987 for the Family Computer in Japan and 1989 for the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America.
Despite being developed by Hudson Soft in Japan, it was published there by Rix Soft, making it the sole video game ever released by this publisher. In North America, the game was published by Hudson Soft.
Overview
Adventures of Dino Riki is an overhead shooter created by Hudson Soft, similar to games like 1943: The Battle of Midway, where the object is to dodge on-screen enemies. Dino Riki can jump or shoot weapons (rocks, axes, boomerangs, and torches) to kill the various enemies around him. Dino Riki can pick up power-ups including speed boosts and wings that enable him to fly over hazards on the ground, as well as weapon upgrades. He starts his adventure throwing rocks that have a very limited range and power, and can upgrade to axes and then boomerangs, each increasing the range and spread of his shot, finally gaining a rapid-fire volley of torches that spreads across the screen. There is a last weapon/powerup called "Macho Ricky" where Ricky converts itself into a huge caveman that shoots some sort of copies of his body. He utilizes these caveman weapons and power-ups to help kill enemies and avoid the dangers of a Neanderthal life.
He progresses through three types of worlds (land, ruined city, and mountains) and plays through four worlds total. Worlds one, two, and three are one stage each and have checkpoints, but world four is four stages with no checkpoints. At the end of each stage, Dino Riki must face a boss.
The titular Riki gets his name from Japanese pro wrestler Riki Choshu. The Japanese version of the game was endorsed by Choshu, with the star appearing in advertising for the game. When the player gets a Riki power-up in the Japanese version, he transforms into Choshu and can cause damage with his trademark Riki lariat.
Reception
In the July/August 1989 edition of Nintendo Power, the game received, out of five, ratings of 3.5, 3.5, 3 and 3 respectively for the categories "Graphic and Sound", "Play Control", "Challenge", and "Theme Fun".
References
External links
Adventures of Dino Riki at GameFAQs
1987 video games
Video games about dinosaurs
Hudson Soft games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Prehistoric people in popular culture
Video games set in prehistory
Scrolling shooters
Top-down video games
Video games based on real people
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Takeaki Kunimoto
Single-player video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20%28computer%20hacker%29
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Electron was the computer handle of Richard Jones, a member of an underground hacker community called The Realm. Jones, born in June 1969, was one of three members of the group arrested in simultaneous raids by the Australian Federal Police in Melbourne, Australia, on 2 April 1990. All three — Nahshon Even-Chaim (also known as Phoenix), Electron and Nom (real name David John Woodcock) — were convicted of a range of computer crimes involving the intrusion into US defense and government computer systems and the theft of an online computer security newsletter in the late 1980s and early 1990.
Significance of case
The case was the first prosecution of hackers under Australian federal computer crime legislation that had come into law in June 1989. It was also the first time in the world police had gained a conviction using evidence obtained by the remote tapping of a computer. For six weeks before the raid, members of the AFP computer crime section had been capturing the online activity of the ringleader, Phoenix, in suburban Melbourne, from the police Telephone Intercept Branch in Canberra, 650 km away. His conversations with Electron and Nom, which were intercepted continuously for eight weeks before the raid, formed the basis of the evidence against both of Phoenix's co-offenders, as they freely discussed the targets of their hacking and bragged of their exploits.
Electron pleaded guilty to 14 offences and in June 1993 was given a suspended six-month jail sentence and 300 hours community service.
Media
A 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier, described the hackers' exploits; in 2005, former AFP computer crime investigator Bill Apro co-wrote a book, Hackers: The Hunt for Australia’s Most Infamous Computer Cracker, in which he told of the police investigation he led that resulted in their arrest. All three offenders are named in the book. Electron's story was also told in a dramatised documentary, In the Realm of the Hackers, which aired on Australia’s ABC Television in 2003.
Personal life
Electron was friends with Julian Assange.
See also
List of convicted computer criminals
References
Books
(Free electronic edition )
Newspapers
Hack to the Future, The Sunday Age, 25 May 2003.
How I Nailed the Master Hacker, Sunday Herald Sun, 31 July 2005.
Magazines
Hackers 'plan revenge' for police clampdown on computer crime: Extract of New Scientist article on arrest of hackers, 21 April 1990:
Film
In the Realm of the Hackers, written and directed by Kevin Anderson, (Film Australia, 2002, 55 minutes).
E-zines:
Reprint of article Hacker Revelled In Spotlight, Court Told (The Age, 23 August 1993) in Phrack.
Reference in The Risks Digest to article in The New York Times, 4 April 1990, on arrest of hackers.
References
External links
Crimes Legislation Amendment Act 1989 dealing with offences relating to computers
1969 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20RM%20class%20%28McEwan%20Pratt%29
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The NZR RM class McEwan Pratt petrol rail motor (misspelt as MacEwan-Pratt by some authors) was the first rail motor to run on New Zealand's national rail network, though it was never used in revenue service. It was built in 1912 at a time when the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) was seeking alternative methods of providing rural passenger transportation. "Mixed" trains that carried both passengers and freight were typical on country branch lines as there was not sufficient traffic to justify a separate passenger train, but the schedule delays caused by loading and unloading freight during the journey made the mixed trains undesirable.
Introduction
NZR began investigating whether railcars could provide a more efficient passenger service with low operating costs. At the time, railcar technology was new and the rugged nature of New Zealand's terrain made the task of finding a successful design more difficult.
The railcar's four-cylinder petrol engine and running gear were supplied by the English company McEwan Pratt, a predecessor of Baguley Cars Ltd. Its 4.87-metre long wooden body, which resembled a tram of that era, was built at the Railways Department's Newmarket Workshops. The engine was located in the middle of the railcar with transmission provided by chain drive to just one of the two axles. A total of twelve people could be seated in the gas-illuminated passenger compartment, and driver's controls were at just one end despite the tram resemblance. On a trial run between Frankton and Putāruru in early 1913, it reached a speed of 50 km/h, at the time a fast speed for a rural line in New Zealand. It then broke down, and after attempts to fix it were fruitless, research in different directions was undertaken. NZR dismantled it in May 1913.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Wellington Tramway Museum, Where Railcars Roamed (Wellington: Wellington Tramway Museum, 1999), p. 4.
Railcars of New Zealand
Rail transport in New Zealand
Petrol railcars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankey%20diagram
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Sankey diagrams are a data visualisation technique or flow diagram that emphasizes flow/movement/change from one state to another or one time to another, in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.
Sankey diagrams can also visualize the energy accounts, material flow accounts on a regional or national level, and cost breakdowns. The diagrams are often used in the visualization of material flow analysis.
Sankey diagrams emphasize the major transfers or flows within a system. They help locate the most important contributions to a flow. They often show conserved quantities within defined system boundaries.
History
Sankey diagrams are named after Irish Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey, who used this type of diagram in 1898 in a classic figure (see diagram) showing the energy efficiency of a steam engine. The original charts in black and white displayed just one type of flow (e.g. steam); using colors for different types of flows lets the diagram express additional variables.
Over time, it became a standard model used in science and engineering to represent heat balance, energy flows, material flows, and since the 1990s this visual model has been used in life-cycle assessment of products.
One of the most famous Sankey diagrams is Charles Minard's Map of Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812. It is a flow map, overlaying a Sankey diagram onto a geographical map. It was created in 1869, predating Sankey's first Sankey diagram of 1898.
Science
Sankey diagrams are often used in fields of science, especially physics. They are used to represent energy inputs, useful output, and wasted output.
Active examples
The United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces numerous Sankey diagrams annually in its Annual Energy Review which illustrate the production and consumption of various forms of energy.
The US Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory maintains a site of Sankey diagrams, including US energy flow and carbon flow.
Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union, has developed an interactive Sankey web tool to visualise energy data by means of flow diagrams. The tool allows the building and customisation of diagrams by playing with different options (country, year, fuel, level of detail).
The International Energy Agency (IEA) created an interactive Sankey web application that details the flow of energy for the entire planet. Users can select specific countries, points of time back to 1973, and modify the arrangement of various flows within the Sankey diagram.
See also
Alluvial diagrama type of Sankey diagram that uses the same kind of representation to depict how items re-group
Material flow management
Thermodynamics
Time geography
References
External links
Sankey diagram example showing college careers based on degree http://benschmidt.org/jobs/
Diagrams
Irish inventions
British inventions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20RM%20class%20%28Model%20T%20Ford%29
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The NZR RM class Model T Ford railcar was a type of rail motor that operated on New Zealand's national rail network. Only two were built, classified as RM 4 and RM 5, and they were experimental railcars designed in an attempt to offer improved passenger services on quiet country branch lines that served regions with small populations.
Technical details
The engine and transmission used for Ford Model T cars served as the basis of these railcars, which came to resemble a red box on wheels. The passenger compartment was a mere long and wide and seated eleven plus the driver. At the front of the railcar, a small front hood extended out from the boxy compartment and housed the engine, and from the bonnet hung large pannier bags for luggage. The railcar weighed , ran on four wheels, and could reach speeds of up to , a speed that was relatively fast for country branch lines of the time. It was designed so that one person could operate it rather than three that were required for a conventional carriage train.
Operation
Greytown Branch
After being built in 1925–26 at the Hutt Workshops in Petone, the railcars were sent to the Greytown Branch in the Wairarapa for trials. The Greytown Branch was a short line that provided a link between the town of Greytown and the Wairarapa Line, which bypassed the town by some four kilometres. Services ran from Greytown to connect with services on the Wairarapa Line at the junction in Woodside, but they were woefully underpatronised; often, the steam locomotive working the service would pull just a guard's van and a single passenger carriage carrying a handful of passengers. The costs to operate such a service meant that the line made a significant financial loss, but it was hoped that the small Model T Ford railcars would slash operating costs while providing a satisfactory service for the travellers who did use the line. Unfortunately, they did not prove as successful or as popular as hoped, so, after their trial period, steam-hauled carriage trains were reinstated for all services and the railcars were sent to work in Southland.
Southland branches
In Southland, the Model T Ford railcars were assigned to the Waikaia and the Wyndham (Glenham) branches and began operating in late May 1926. These two lines were similar in some ways to the Greytown Branch; although they did not have multiple shuttle services to connect with mainline trains, they served small towns with insufficient demand for locomotive-hauled carriage passenger trains. Previously, the two lines had been served by mixed trains that carried both passengers and freight, and as they had to load and unload freight along the way, trip times were slow and thus unpopular. It was hoped the Model T Ford railcars would rejuvenate traffic and provide some measure of profitability, especially on the section of the Wyndham Branch from Wyndham to Glenham, which was so underutilised that it was facing closure.
The Model T Ford railcars worked on the two branch l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realms%20of%20the%20Haunting
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Realms of the Haunting is a first-person adventure shooter game developed by Gremlin Interactive and published by Interplay Productions. It was released in 1996 for MS-DOS compatible operating systems. The 3D engine used in this game was borrowed from Gremlin's own Normality.
Plot
Adam Randall ventures to a haunted house in order to investigate the mysterious circumstances around his father's death. As he enters, however, the doors lock behind him and he is forced to journey throughout the entire house while looking for answers as well as means of escaping it. Along the way he meets up with a psychic woman, Rebecca Trevisard, who provides Adam with guidance as they work together to escape. Adam soon discovers the house contains portals to several different universes, and that he is the Chosen One who must prevent the final apocalyptic battle between the forces of good and evil.
The game has over 40 hours of content, includes many different universes to travel, and has a plot which involves multiple sides fighting for their own causes. The beginning gives the idea of Adam being against demonic forces, but later the player finds him caught in a much deeper plot between different forces, where demons play only one role.
Gameplay
The player explores locations and battles demons from a first-person perspective. A floating cursor is used to interact with the environment and pick up items. The game features many inventory-based puzzles.
The story of Realms of the Haunting is told through full-motion video cutscenes, which utilize live-action actors.
Development
Realms of the Haunting was Gremlin's most expensive project yet. The lead programmer on the game was Antony Crowther.
GOG.com released an emulated version for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X in 2011.
Reception
Realms of the Haunting was met with critical acclaim. It received an average score of 92% at GameRankings, based on an aggregate of 7 reviews. Though he noted a lack of originality in the basic plot, Air Hendrix of GamePro found the high-quality cinematics, atmospheric presentation, and overall strong gameplay as both a puzzle adventure and a first-person shooter made Realms of the Haunting a captivating experience. He summarized, "While sometimes it gets frustratingly arbitrary, overall the adventure side, action side, and story line blend together quite nicely." Both Air Hendrix and a Next Generation critic remarked that the controls are clunky at first but can be adjusted to with time. Next Generation was most impressed with the game's massive size, reckoning that it takes 80 to 100 hours to complete, rarely reuses textures or architectural designs in different areas, and has a huge variety of monsters. The reviewer concluded, "For something that came from Interplay with very little fanfare, Realms of the Haunting could be one of the best adventure games of this year."
During the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences' inaugural Interactive Achievement Awards, Realms of th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHXX-FM
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CHXX-FM (100.9 FM, BPM Sports 100.9 Québec) is a French-language radio station in Quebec City, Quebec. Owned by RNC Media, it carries a sports talk format as an affiliate of RNC's BPM Sports network.
It broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 1,585 watts (class B) using an omnidirectional antenna. The station also has one rebroadcaster, operating on 105.5 FM in Lotbinière.
History
Under its former call sign CKNU, the station had a classic rock format and was largely automated. It was best known for having been the home of controversial host André Arthur from August 2002 until December 2005. RNC Media fired most employees, including Arthur, after it acquired the station from Genex Communications in December 2005.
As of July 31, 2007, CKNU changed its call name to CHXX-FM and became Radio X2 100 9, a modern rock radio station similar to its sister modern rock station Radio X (CHOI-FM, which is now a talk station). In August 2019, the station rebranded as simply 100,9, with an adult hits format.
In 2021, the station flipped to contemporary hit radio as Vibe 100.9; the station shared its branding and airstaff with CFTX-FM in Gatineau. On August 29, 2022, both Vibe stations flipped to sports talk as BPM Sports, networked with Montreal sister station CKLX-FM. Due to CRTC license restrictions requiring at least 50% of their weekly programming to be devoted to music, the stations only carry BPM Sports' weekday and weekend morning lineups, do not carry its play-by-play rights (such as CF Montréal), and otherwise continue to carry music programming. The station's local sports programming is currently limited to La Tribune Capitale, a Quebec City-based program that is part of the network schedule.
References
External links
BPM Sports 100.9 Québec
HXX
HXX
HXX
HXX
Year of establishment missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Grimsley
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John Franklin Grimsley (18 October 1925 – 8 June 2015) known as Jack Grimsley was an Australian musical director and composer who worked as the musical director at Network Ten between 1966 and 1988. He also worked on many compilation albums involving various styles of music, including jazz and swing music.
Grimsley responsible for the creating the theme music of Wheel of Fortune and Sale of the Century in Australia. The 2005 revival of Sale of the Century, known as Temptation did not use Grimsley's theme, although Wheel of Fortune kept the original score with an updated rendition of his theme in 1995. Grimsley also worked on shows such as Blankety Blanks, Benny Hill Down Under, and the Ian Turpie era of The Price is Right. His orchestra provided the score for the musical Say It With Music.
Grimsley worked with many famous Australian musicians such as John Williamson and even played instruments on their albums such as the piano on Road Thru The Heart and Boomerang Café.
He died on 8 June 2015, aged 89.
References
External links
1925 births
2015 deaths
20th-century Australian musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIC%20TCP
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BIC TCP (Binary Increase Congestion control) is one of the congestion control algorithms that can be used for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). BIC is optimized for high speed networks with high latency: so-called "long fat networks". For these networks, BIC has significant advantage over previous congestion control schemes in correcting for severely underutilized bandwidth.
BIC implements a unique congestion window (cwnd) algorithm. This algorithm tries to find the maximum cwnd by searching in three parts: binary search increase, additive increase, and slow start. When a network failure occurs, the BIC uses multiplicative decrease in correcting the cwnd.
BIC TCP is implemented and used by default in Linux kernels 2.6.8 and above. The default implementation was again changed to CUBIC TCP in the 2.6.19 version.
Algorithm
Define the following variables:
Smax: the maximum increment
Smin: the minimum increment
wmax: the maximum window size
β: multiplicative window decrease factor
cwnd: congestion window size
bic_inc: window increment per RTT (round trip time)
At every RTT interval update cwnd with the following:
If no packets are dropped, the congestion window (cwnd) increases in three distinct ways: binary search increase, additive increase, and slow start. In each step, one is used as an increment.
One step of increasing cwnd:
if (cwnd < wmax) // binary search OR additive
bic_inc = (wmax - cwnd) / 2;
else // slow start OR additive
bic_inc = cwnd - wmax;
if (bic_inc > Smax) // additive
bic_inc = Smax;
else if (bic_inc < Smin) // binary search OR slow start
bic_inc = Smin;
cwnd = cwnd + (bic_inc / cwnd);
If one or more packets are dropped, the cwnd is reduced using multiplicative decrease. This requires β, which is used in decreasing cwnd by (100×β)%. In the case of two flows, one with a large cwnd and the other a small cwnd, fast convergence is used to decrease the greater cwnd flow's wmax at a greater rate than the smaller cwnd's flow to allow faster convergence of the greater cwnd's flow when increasing its cwnd.
One step of decreasing cwnd:
if (cwnd < wmax) // fast convergence
wmax = cwnd * (2-β) / 2;
else
wmax = cwnd;
cwnd = cwnd * (1-β);
See also
TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
SCTP
CUBIC TCP
References
External links
Home Page.
TCP congestion control
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief%20networking%20officer
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The chief networking officer (CNO) is a business networking position in a company or organization. The term refers less commonly to a technical executive position in the computer industry.
Business networking
In the business networking context, a chief networking officer manages the social capital of a company. The CNO connects people and businesses within the company, with other companies, and with consumers. The CNO's mission is to facilitate know-how transfer and information flow, fostering innovation, safeguarding diversity, and facilitating profit growth. Chief networking officers are responsible for creation and cultivation of new communities and acquisition of pre-existing communities. Other definitions, such as one by the Wharton Global Business Forum in India, include managing outreach, communication and logistics, usually in partnership with the chief operating officer."
As the CNO position builds on soft skills culturally common to women, it can advance women’s careers in areas such as public policy and large-scale business development. Although the position has been around since 2004, there is an ongoing academic debate related to the issue of CNOs—or even the need for CNOs— in modern business.
Responsibilities
A Chief Networking Officer (CNO) is the corporate business networks portfolio manager. The Chief Networking Officer centrally manages the business networks' environment. Their responsibility is to solve conflicts in ways that serve mutual best interests. The CNO is a direct contact, although not primary, and should be able to assume the management of any partnership with any stakeholders during primary network manager absence. This professional maps out and organizes all resources available inside the network, i.e., contacts, experiences, success stories, knowledge, competences and business opportunities. They set up long-term partnerships with mutually beneficial gains with each stakeholder inside all business networks.
The CNO is concerned with the self-development of each member of the internal network, and qualifying them to reach their goals. The CNO can only directly impact the employees network. All others are outside their direct control. The CNO achieves recognition of peers from various networks, creating interdependence among all parties. The CNO is the business networks' portfolio strategist, acting as coach and trainer during implementation of related projects during transition from existing and traditional model towards a virtual agile global networking enterprise. To successfully implement this project, the CNO must have cooperation from all departments.
The CNO position requires negotiation experience, knowledge of the company, and knowledge of the marketplace plus an understanding of coaching methodology is useful.
Computer networking
In computer networking, the chief networking officer is "responsible for network strategy, advanced network product development, and translation to line products of futu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMF%20Nederland
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TMF (abbreviation of The Music Factory) was a 24-hour music channel operated by Viacom International Media Networks in the Netherlands. The channel was previously in every standard TV package, but it ceased operating on 1 September 2011. The channels operations were based in Amsterdam. The channel was previously known as TMF6 and TMF9.
History
TMF was launched on 1 May 1995 by Lex Harding (then director of Radio 538), producer Herman Braakman, director Ewart van der Horst and multimedia company Arcade. It was the first Dutch music station competing against MTV Europe within the region. The Netherlands did not at that time have its own music station, in most municipalities, only English-language MTV Europe could be received. At first, TMF had a limited reach within the Netherlands, but this quickly increased. The nascent channel featured Sylvana Simons, Bridget Maasland, Isabelle Brinkman, Fabienne de Vries, Ruud de Wild, Michael Pilarczyk, Wessel van Diepen and Erik de Zwart as its VJs. During the years the VJ line-up changed to include Tooske Breugem, Daphne Bunskoek and Mental Theo. The last VJs on the channel included Miljuschka Witzenhausen and Nikkie Plessen.
The first clip that aired on TMF was "Too Much Love Will Kill You" by Brian May.
In the first months of 1995, the station went as TMF6. TMF then had to share a channel on many cable networks with TV10 Gold. TMF sent initially only eight hours a day new programs, from 16:00 to 24:00. During the other hours of the programs were repeated. TMF6 began on May 1, 1995, to broadcast and shared in the early months of a station with the channel TV10 Gold. Both stations were part of media company Wegener Arcade. TMF6 sent out in the afternoon to 6pm; After this time the programming was done by TV10 Gold. Because TV10 Gold gained woefully low ratings, Wegener Arcade developed in the autumn of 1995 a plan for the channel to form in TV10. In that way it had to "repeat channel TV10 its "dowdy" image to get rid. Simultaneously TMF6 should be broadcast on a private news channel.
In 1995 both went SBS 6 and Veronica started. Both channels claimed channel 6. blazed a fierce battle between the two stations, which eventually (unofficially) was won by SBS 6. Veronica therefore took 6 out of its logo and TMF turned in the autumn of 1995, the number 6, so that the channel TMF9 has been called. After the acquisition by MTV in 2002, the figure 9 from the logo disappeared The station was officially now just TMF. On August 2, 2005 9 came back into the TMF logo but kept the channel still officially called TMF. 9 is probably a counterattack on the Discovery Channel, which was launched action a day earlier in Netherlands to put/get the channel on 9. Also TV Gelderland called to program its viewers the station on preset choice test 9. Later the station was drastically changed with a new style logos, commercials and programs. Here the 9 disappeared.
In the beginning TMF's viewing figures were still very low, but
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20device
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In Unix-like operating systems, a loop device, vnd (vnode disk), or lofi (loop file interface) is a pseudo-device that makes a computer file accessible as a block device.
Before use, a loop device must be connected to an extant file in the file system. The association provides the user with an application programming interface (API) that allows the file to be used in place of a block special file (cf. device file system). Thus, if the file contains an entire file system, the file may then be mounted as if it were a disk device.
Files of this kind are often used for CD ISO images and floppy disk images. Mounting a file containing a file system via such a loop mount makes the files within that file system accessible. They appear in the mount point directory.
A loop device may allow some kind of data elaboration during this redirection. For example, the device may be the unencrypted version of an encrypted file. In such a case, the file associated with a loop device may be another pseudo-device. This is mostly useful when this device contains an encrypted file system. If supported, the loop device is in this case the decrypted version of the original encrypted file and can therefore be mounted as if it were a normal file system.
Uses of loop mounting
After mounting a file that holds a file system, the files in that system can be accessed through the usual file system interface of the operating system, without any need for special functionality, such as reading and writing to ISO images, in applications.
Loop mounting has several uses. It is a convenient method for managing and editing file system images offline, that are later used for normal system operation. This includes CD or DVD images or installation systems. It may be used to install an operating system onto a file system without repartitioning a disk. It also provides a permanent segregation of data, for example, when simulating removable media on a faster and more convenient hard disk or encapsulating encrypted file system.
Availability
Various Unix-like operating systems provide the loop device functionality using different names.
In Linux, device names are encoded in the symbol table entries of their corresponding device drivers. The device is called a "loop" device and device nodes are usually named /dev/loop0, /dev/loop1, etc. They can be created with makedev for the static device directory, dynamically by the facilities of the device file system (udev), or directly with mknod. The management user interface for the loop device is losetup, which is part of the package util-linux.
Sometimes, the loop device is erroneously referred to as loopback device, but this term is reserved for a networking device in operating systems. The concept of the loop device is distinct.
In BSD-derived systems, such as NetBSD and OpenBSD, the loop device is called "virtual node device" or "vnd", and generally located at /dev/vnd0, /dev/rvnd0 or /dev/svnd0, etc., in the file system. The program vnconf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashavant%20Kanetkar
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Yashavant Kanetkar is an Indian computer science author, known for his books on programming languages. He has authored several books on C, C++, VC++, C#, .NET, DirectX and COM programming. He is also a speaker on various technology subjects and is a regular columnist for Express Computers and Developer 2.0. His best-known books include Let Us C, Understanding Pointers In C and Test Your C Skills.
He received the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional award for his work in programming from Microsoft for five consecutive years.
He obtained his B.E. from Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute and M.Tech from IIT Kanpur. He is the director of KICIT, a training company, and KSET. Both these companies are based in Nagpur.
Brief History
Yashavant originally specialized in mechanical engineering. He came to Delhi with the intention of starting a manufacturing business of making VIP suitcase locks. However, he was unable to receive a business loan from any banks. A bank manager told him about a computer scheme that the government had launched. For the benefits of the scheme, Yashavant decided to start a business in IT.
Bibliography (of selected books)
ASP.NET Web Services ()
Understanding Pointers in C()
C Column Collection ()
C Pearls ()
C Projects ()
C#.NET Fundas ()
C++.Net Fundas ()
C++. Net ()
Data Structure Through C ()
Data Structure Through C++ ()
Direct X Game Programming Fundas ()
Exploring C ()
Go Embedded ()
Graphics Under C ()
Introduction To OOPS & C++ ()
Interview Questions in C Programming
Interview Questions in C++ Programming
Java Servlets JSP ()
Let Us C - 9th Ed. ()
Let Us C Solutions - 9th Ed. ()
Let Us C++ (, )
Let Us Python - 2nd Ed. (, )
Object Oriented Programming with C++ ()
Programming Experience in BASIC ()
Test Your C Skill - 2nd Ed. ()
Test Your C++ Skill ()
Test Your C#.NET Skills: Language Elements Pt. 1 ()
Test Your Unix Skill ()
Test Your VB.NET Skills- Part II- Technology Skills ()
Understanding Pointers in C - 4th Ed. ()
Undocumented DOS Through C ()
Unix Shell Programming ()
VC++ Gems ()
VC++, COM And Beyond ()
Visual C++ Programming ()
Visual C++ Projects ()
Working With C (For DOE - A & B Level) ()
Writing TSR's Through C ()
Writing Windows Device Drivers
BPB Let US C (Hindi)
Let Us C# (Covers C# 3.0)
XML Fundas ()
Let Us Java ()
External links
Official website
IIT Kanpur Alumni Association Page
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
IIT Kanpur alumni
Indian computer programmers
he is very honest man
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence%20of%20Emeril
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Essence of Emeril (1994–96, 2000–2007) was a Food Network show hosted by chef Emeril Lagasse.
In each episode, Emeril shares with his viewers some of his 'kicked-up' recipes, similar to those on Emeril Live, but with a far calmer demeanor and quieter tone, and usually without the trademark apron that has become his Emeril Live uniform starting with the 2000 season. In addition, unlike Emeril Live, there is no studio audience.
On some of the episodes, some of Emeril's friends/workers make an appearance. An example was when he invited three of his workers from his Homebase in Louisiana to cook up some healthy recipes.
His "Essence of Emeril" set has a wine cabinet, a built-in deep fryer, and other appliances. When he cooks with a specific ingredient he explains what it is and how it is made.
Food Network original programming
1994 American television series debuts
1990s American cooking television series
2000s American cooking television series
2007 American television series endings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic%20convergence
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Genomic convergence is a multifactor approach used in genetic research that combines different kinds of genetic data analysis to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for a complex disease.
Early applications
In January 2003, Michael Hauser along with fellow researchers at the Duke Center for Human Genetics (CHG) coined the term “genomic convergence” to describe their endeavor to identify genes affecting the expression of Parkinson disease (PD). Their work successfully combined serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) with genetic linkage analysis. The authors explain, “While both linkage and expression analyses are powerful on their own, the number of possible genes they present as candidates for PD or any complex disorder remains extremely large”. The convergence of the two methods allowed researchers to decrease the number of possible PD genes to consider for further study.
Their success prompted further use of the genomic convergence method at the CHG, and in July 2003 Yi-Ju Li, et al. published a paper revealing that glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1) modifies the age-at-onset (AAO) of Alzheimer disease (AD) and PD.
In May 2004, Dr. Margaret Pericak-Vance, currently the director of the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and then the director of the CHG, articulated the value of the genomic convergence method at a New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS) keynote address entitled "Novel Methods in Genetic Exploration of Neurodegenerative Disease." She stated, "No single method is going to get us where we need to be with these complex traits. It is going to take a combination of methods to dissect the underlying etiology of these disorders".
Recent and future applications
Genomic convergence has a countless number of creative applications that combine the strengths of different analyses and studies. Maher Noureddine et al., note in their 2005 paper, “One of the growing problems in the study of complex diseases is how to prioritize research and make sense of the immense amount of data now readily available at the click of a computer mouse...The best approach may be to take advantage of the strengths of both…SAGE …and microarrays”.
The results of combining methods of analysis have continued to be promising. Sofia Oliveira et al. (2005) combined gene expression, linkage data, and “iterative association mapping” to identify several genes associated with PD AAO.
Future studies will continue to apply genomic convergence to elucidate the etiology of complex diseases. Dr. Jeff Vance, Director of the Morris K. Udall PD Research Center of Excellence, notes, “Genomic convergence is really no different from mathematical convergence – the more angles from which you can come at a problem, the better chance you have of solving it”.
References
Genetics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%40Home
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evolution@home was a volunteer computing project for evolutionary biology, launched in 2001. The aim of evolution@home is to improve understanding of evolutionary processes. This is achieved by simulating individual-based models. The Simulator005 module of evolution@home was designed to better predict the behaviour of Muller's ratchet.
The project was operated semi-automatically; participants had to manually download tasks from the webpage and submit results by email using this method of operation. yoyo@home used a BOINC wrapper to completely automate this project by automatically distributing tasks and collecting their results. Therefore, the BOINC version was a complete volunteer computing project. yoyo@home has declared its involvement in this project finished.
See also
Artificial life
Digital organism
Evolutionary computation
Folding@home
List of volunteer computing projects
References
Science in society
Free science software
Volunteer computing projects
Digital organisms
Bioinformatics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis%20no%20Nazo
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is a side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Sunsoft and released for the Family Computer in 1986.
The game is set in the mythical land of Atlantis. The player controls an amateur adventurer named , whose objective is to save his master being held captive in the final level.
Plot
Several years ago, a gigantic island arose from the southern Atlantic Ocean due to sudden shifts on the Earth's surface. Numerous adventurers made their way to the island to investigate, but none of them were able to return home safely. This island was named Atlantis, and nobody approached it out of fear. The game's main character is an amateur adventurer named Wynn, who decides to go to the island after learning that his master disappeared on the island over half a year ago. Armed with the special dynamite invented by the master, Wynn heads over to Atlantis all by himself to face an evil emperor who seeks to revive an ancient empire.
Gameplay
The game is a side-scrolling platform game, similar to Super Mario Bros., but unlike in that game, it is possible to scroll in both directions on the screen in Atlantis no Nazo rather than just the right-hand direction. However, the somewhat choppy physics of Atlantis no Nazo, its one-hit deaths, and its multiple pathways make it much more challenging than Super Mario Bros.
The levels in the game are referred to as "zones", and the player travels through various locations such as fields, caves, ruins, temples, and even across clouds. The games consists of 101 of these zones (zones 1-99, the final zone, and the secret final zone), and features not native to Atlantis, such as Moai face statues and pyramids appear in backgrounds of the zones. In later zones, the terrain may be difficult to see because of the dark, or it may become hard to control the character because the ground is covered with ice. Some zones (called "black holes") only involve falling. Three zones are not connected to the main game, so they can only be accessed using a hidden command that allows the player to select and play any zone they want.
The player starts from the first zone, and must head towards the final zone to rescue Wynn's master while fending off numerous enemies by throwing sticks of dynamite. The player warps into different zones by going into the entrances placed within each zone. However, the zones do not come in numerical order, as several warp entrances may be placed within a single zone.
The earlier zones are generally easier in terms of difficulty, and the later zones are more difficult. Certain entrances may take the player from an easy zone directly into a harder one (with secretive warps jumping the player by a great number of zones), or vice versa. A time limit exists for each level, and the timer displayed on the lower part of the screen begins counting down from 999 all the way to 001 followed by OUT. Failing to reach the next zone during the time limit results in a loss of one life. The player also loses a li
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20France%20Internationale
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Radio France Internationale, usually referred to as RFI, is the state-owned international radio news network of France. With 37.2 million listeners in 2014, it is one of the most-listened-to international radio stations in the world, along with Deutsche Welle, the BBC World Service, the Voice of America, Radio Netherlands Worldwide, and China Radio International.
RFI broadcasts 24 hours per day around the world in French and in 12 other languages in FM, shortwave, medium wave, satellite and on its website. It is a channel of the state company France Médias Monde. The majority of shortwave transmissions are in French and Hausa but also includes some hours of Swahili, Portuguese, Mandinka, and Russian. RFI broadcasts to over 150 countries on 5 continents. Africa is the largest part of radio listeners, representing 60% of the total audience in 2010. In the Paris region, RFI comprises between 150,000 and 200,000 listeners.
In 2007, the audience was of 46.1 million listeners, breaking down into 27.5 million in Africa, 10.5 million in the Middle East, 4.2 million in the Americas, 2.2 million in Europe and 1.7 million in Asia-Oceania.
History
RFI was created in 1975 as part of Radio France by the Government of France, and replaced the Poste Colonial (created in 1931), Paris-Mondial (1937), Radio Paris (1939), a private station which was commandeered by the Germans during the occupation of France, and the Voice of France which was operated by the Vichy regime from 1941 to 1944, RTF Radio Paris (1945) and ORTF Radio Paris (1965). In 1986 the French Parliament changed the law to allow RFI to operate independently of Radio France.
RFI operates under the auspices and primary budget of the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. It broadcasts primarily in French, but also in English, Swahili, Hausa, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Persian, Chinese, Vietnamese, Cambodian and as of 2015, Manding. As of 2 April 2020, the English service has ceased broadcasting, replaced by a selection of French music.
It also owns Monte Carlo Doualiya (formerly Radio Monte Carlo Middle East), which produces Arabic programmes in Paris, and airs them from a transmitter in Cyprus to audiences across the Middle East and North Africa.
Incidents
On 17 September 2002, Togolese President Gnassingbé Eyadéma tried to stop the broadcasting of an interview with one of his opponents, Agbéyomé Kodjo, by phoning directly to the Elysée Palace. The interview was not censored by Jean-Paul Cluzel, RFI's CEO at the time, due to the coordinated intervention of the journalists' trade unions. However, a report raising questions regarding the French secret services responsibilities in the 1995 death of judge Bernard Borrel in Djibouti, which was broadcast on 17 May 2005, was later removed from RFI's website for undisclosed reasons, possibly due to the intervention of Djiboutian President Ismail Omar Guelleh.
On 21 October 2003, Jean Hélène was reporting for RFI during the civil war in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computer%20size%20categories
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This list of computer size categories attempts to list commonly used categories of computer by the physical size of the device and its chassis or case, in descending order of size. One generation's "supercomputer" is the next generation's "mainframe", and a "PDA" does not have the same set of functions as a "laptop", but the list still has value, as it provides a ranked categorization of devices. It also ranks some more obscure computer sizes. There are different sizes like-mini computers, microcomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
Large computers
Supercomputer
Minisupercomputer
Mainframe computer
Midrange computer
Superminicomputer
Minicomputer
Microcomputers
Interactive kiosk
Arcade cabinet
Personal computer (PC)
Desktop computer—see computer form factor for some standardized sizes of desktop computers
Full-size
All-in-one
Compact
Home theater
Home computer
Mobile computers
Desktop replacement computer or desknote
Laptop computer
Subnotebook computer, also known as a Kneetop computer; clamshell varieties may also be known as minilaptop or ultraportable laptop computers
Tablet personal computer
Handheld computers, which include the classes:
Ultra-mobile personal computer, or UMPC
Personal digital assistant or enterprise digital assistant, which include:
HandheldPC or Palmtop computer
Pocket personal computer
Electronic organizer
E-reader
Pocket computer
Calculator, which includes the class:
Graphing calculator
Scientific calculator
Programmable calculator
Accounting / Financial Calculator
Handheld game console
Portable media player
Portable data terminal
Handheld
Smartphone, a class of mobile phone
Feature phone
Wearable computer
Single-board computer
Wireless sensor network components
Plug computer
Stick PC, a single-board computer in a small elongated casing resembling a stick
Microcontroller
Smartdust
Nanocomputer
Others
Rackmount computer
Blade server
Blade PC
Small form factor personal computer (SFF, ITX, DTX.etc.)
Distinctive marks
The classes above are not rigid; there are "edge devices" in most of them. For instance, the "subnotebook" category can usually be distinguished from the "PDA" category because a subnotebook has a keyboard and a PDA has not; however, tablet PCs may be larger than subnotebooks (making it seemingly correct to classify them as laptops) and also lack a keyboard, while devices such as the Handspring Treo 600 have something that might charitably be called a keyboard, but are still definitely in the "smartphone" category.
In the higher end of the spectrum, this informal and somewhat humorous rule might help:
You can throw a laptop if you wanted to
You can lift a workstation if you need to
You can tilt a minicomputer if you need to
You cannot move a mainframe, even if you tried
Categories
:Category:Supercomputers
:Category:Mainframe computers
:Category:Minicomputers
:Category:Portable computers
:Category:Mobile computers
:Catego
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUVI-DT
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KUVI-DT (channel 45) is a television station in Bakersfield, California, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Twist. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision alongside two Class A stations: Univision owned-and-operated station KABE-CD, channel 39, and UniMás owned-and-operated station KBTF-CD, channel 31 (both of which are simulcast in high definition on KUVI's respective second and third digital subchannels). The three stations share studios on Truxtun Avenue in the western section of Bakersfield; KUVI's transmitter is located atop Mount Adelaide. From 1998–2004 and again from 2014–2017, it was the only Univision-owned station for which the main channel broadcasts in English.
History
The station first went on the air on December 18, 1988 as KDOB-TV. It was originally owned by Dorothy Owens. It first operated from studios located on North Chester Avenue in Bakersfield. Dorothy would later sold the station to her brother Buck (1929–2006) in 1990. and would change its call letters to KUZZ-TV on March 18, 1991. The station later moved its operations to a new studio facility located on Sillect Avenue in Bakersfield. The station became a charter affiliate of UPN on January 16, 1995, and remained with that network for its entire existence. On October 17, 1997, the station once again changed its call letters, this time to KUVI. Buck Owens sold the station to current owner Univision in 1998. One last change to the call letters during the analog era came on January 1, 2004, the station chose to add the "-TV" suffix to the letters, hence the current callsign KUVI-TV. With the digital transition completed, the station replaced the "-TV" suffix with the "-DT" duffix on June 23, 2009 (all Univision-owned full-service television stations, regardless of whether or not they had a suffix after their call signs prior to the transition, now have a "-DT" suffix as part of their legal call signs).
KUVI at first was tentatively awaiting to affiliate with The CW Television Network , but instead it was announced on June 15, 2006 that it would affiliate with MyNetworkTV, despite the fact that owner Univision was sold to a group led by children's television mogul Haim Saban (founder of Saban Entertainment and former co-owner of Fox Family Channel with News Corporation before it became Disney-owned ABC Family Channel). Providence Equity Partners, one of the private equity firms which are part of the Saban-led consortium, acquired a 19 percent stake in Univision at that time.
The CW affiliation ended up on KWFB, now officially called KGET-DT2, as of September 18, 2006.
On April 20, 2007, Clear Channel entered into an agreement to sell its entire television stations group (which included KGET) to Newport Television, a broadcasting holding company controlled by Providence Equity Partners. However, with only four full-power stations, Bakersfield does not have enough to legally support a co-owned duopoly operation. As a result, the Federal Communications Com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBFX-CD
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KBFX-CD (channel 58) is a low-power, Class A television station in Bakersfield, California, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside CBS affiliate KBAK-TV (channel 29). Both stations share studios on Westwind Drive west of Downtown Bakersfield, while KBFX's transmitter is located atop Breckenridge Mountain.
In addition to its own digital signal, KBFX-CD is simulcast in high definition on KBAK's second digital subchannel (58.2) from the same transmitter site.
History
KBFX signed on November 1, 1990, as K58DJ, a low-powered relay translator of KMPH, Fresno's Fox affiliate. It changed its call letters to KMPH-LP in 1995. Later, the Fox network wanted to include a new separate affiliate station for the Bakersfield market; as a result, in 1998, channel 58 was relaunched as KBFX-LP. Among the features on the new station was a KBAK-produced 10 p.m. newscast, "Fox 58 News @ 10". It was so successful that KBAK's then-owner Westwind Communications bought the station in 2005 from KMPH's owners, Pappas Telecasting.
On August 6, 2007, Westwind Communications announced the sale of KBAK and KBFX-CA to Fisher Communications of Seattle, with the sale closing on January 1, 2008.
On February 28, 2010, Bright House Networks (now Spectrum) announced that KBFX will be carried in Tehachapi on cable channel 6.
In January 2011, KBFX began airing its local news in high definition.
Fisher Communications announced on April 11, 2013, that it would be acquired by Sinclair Broadcast Group, pending Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval. The deal was completed on August 8, 2013. On October 3, 2013, Sinclair announced the completion of the sale of four stations owned by Titan TV Broadcast Group, including KMPH, which reunites KBFX as sister-stations for the first time in eight years.
KBFX is the only Bakersfield television station to never change its affiliation, having always been a Fox affiliate.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
The analog signal went off the air in August 2010. KBFX just recently launched their new digital transmitter on RF channel 29. This signal carried This TV on its subchannel, which maps to virtual channel 29-2.
The station's 29.2 subchannel was an initial affiliate of the American Sports Network with its first broadcast on August 30, 2014.
Notes
References
External links
BFX-CD
BFX
Fox network affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Pappas Telecasting
Television channels and stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Road%20Traffic%20and%20Accident%20Database
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The International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) is an initiative that compiles and analyzes international road crash data. Managed by the International Transport Forum (ITF) through its permanent working group focused on road safety, known as the IRTAD Group, the database aims to furnish an empirical foundation for international comparisons and to inform road safety policy-making.
Data Availability
A portion of the data gathered by IRTAD is freely accessible through the OECD statistics portal. The remaining data requires a subscription for access. As of the most recent update, the database contains validated data from 37 countries, including but not limited to Argentina, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
History
The IRTAD database was originally started in 1988 in Germany's Federal Institution for Roads (BASt) in response to demands for international comparative data. It was later taken over and expanded by the International Transport Forum and has grown to be an important resource for comparing road safety metrics between countries worldwide, although mostly in the developed world. Every year, the ITF publishes comparative and country-by-country road safety data gathered for the IRTAD database and analysed by the IRTAD Group in the ITF Road Safety Annual Report, informally known as "IRTAD Report".
Over the years, the IRTAD acronym has come to stand not only for the database, but also for the Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (usually referred to as IRTAD Group). The IRTAD Group is the International Transport Forum's permanent working group on road safety. It consists of a group of international road safety experts drawn from national road administrations, road safety research institutes, International Organisations, automobile associations, insurance companies, car manufacturers and other road safety stakeholders. The IRTAD Group is a major forum for international road safety collaboration and exchange of best practices. Its focus is on improving road safety data as a basis for targeting interventions that are effective in reducing the number of road deaths and serious traffic injuries.
The work of IRTAD, among that of others, has spawned been the creation of road safety observatories for different world regions: the Ibero-American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI), the African Road Safety Observatory and the South-East Asian Road Safety Observatory. The ITF supports OISEVI through the Spanish-language IRTAD-LAC database and is actively involved in the implementation of the African and South East-Asian observatories.
The genesis of the road safety observatory movement dates back to 2008, when the ITF, via IRTAD, began to facilitate twinnings between countries striving to improve their road safety record and countries with high road safety performance. The initial twinning was between Jamaica and the United Kingdom. This work was supported by the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumana%20%28company%29
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Cumana, based in Guildford, England, was a manufacturer of computer peripherals including disc drives for Acorn, BBC Micro, Amiga, and Oric computers.
Cumana entered receivership in 1995, eventually emerging from receivership at the end of 1995 through the acquisition of the company's designs and brand name by Economatics, who did not take on any of the company's liabilities or pre-receivership obligations with regard to orders or guarantees, although the new owner indicated a willingness to honour warranties. Five employees from Cumana joined Economatics in the transaction. Cumana's electronics assembly facilities were acquired by Kenure Developments Ltd (KDL). Cumana was subsequently acquired from Economatics by educational hardware and software supplier Cannon Computing in late 1997.
References
External links
"Cumana - request for information" thread on comp.sys.acorn.networking
"Cumana RIP?" thread, ibid.
KDL history
Companies based in Guildford
Defunct companies based in Surrey
Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct computer hardware companies
Science and technology in Surrey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ports%20collection
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Ports collections (or ports trees, or just ports) are the sets of makefiles and patches provided by the BSD-based operating systems, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, as a simple method of installing software or creating binary packages. They are usually the base of a package management system, with ports handling package creation and additional tools managing package removal, upgrade, and other tasks. In addition to the BSDs, a few Linux distributions have implemented similar infrastructure, including Gentoo's Portage, Arch's Arch Build System (ABS), CRUX's Ports and Void Linux's Templates.
The main advantage of the ports system when compared with a binary distribution model is that the installation can be tuned and optimized according to available resources. For example, the system administrator can easily install a 32 bit version of a package if the 64 bit version is not available or is not optimized for that machine. Conversely, the main disadvantage is compilation time, which can be significant. For example, a full installation of a FreeBSD system, using ports, can take several days, depending on the hardware.
FreeBSD Ports
Jordan Hubbard committed his port make macros to the FreeBSD CVS repository on August 21, 1994. His package install suite Makefile had been committed a year earlier (August 26, 1993). The core ports framework was at first maintained by Hubbard along with Satoshi Asami for several years. The Ports Management Team was later formed to handle this task.
NetBSD's pkgsrc
NetBSD's pkgsrc ports collection is distinctive in that it aims to be portable and is usable on a number of operating systems aside from NetBSD itself, including the other BSDs, SmartOS/illumos, macOS, MINIX 3, Linux and other Unix-likes. pkgsrc was created in August 1997 based on the existing FreeBSD ports system. It follows a quarterly release schedule and as of October 2018 contains over 22'000 packages. With their 1.4 release, DragonFly BSD announced that they would be adopting pkgsrc as their official package management system. DragonFly BSD however built their own ports implementation called dports with the release 3.4 and switched over to it completely with 3.6. The development is done via their git.
OpenBSD ports
In contrast to FreeBSD Ports, on which it was originally based, the OpenBSD ports system is intended as a source used to create the end product, packages: installing a port first creates a package and then installs it. Ports are made up of a makefile, text files with descriptions and installation messages, any patches required to adjust the program to work on OpenBSD and a packing list listing the files to be included in the packages. The ports tree uses a set of standard makefiles, some of which are shared with the source tree, to provide the bulk of its functionality; this shared infrastructure includes many utility functions for port developers and means that ports can often be made very simply.
In late October 2007, OpenBSD developer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCN%20TV6
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The Caribbean Communications Network Television 6 (CCN TV6) is a Trinidadian free-to-air television network. It operates an analog NTSC television system, broadcasting on channels 6 and 18 in the island of Trinidad and channel 19 in Tobago. Its studios are located at 35-37 Independence Square, Port of Spain.
History
CCN TV6 began broadcasting on 31 August 1991, with viewing hours from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily. Prior to that date, audience choices were limited as the Government owned Trinidad & Tobago Television (ttt) was the only choice. TV6 became the first independently operated television station in the English-speaking Caribbean, broadcasting to over 80% of Trinidad and Tobago’s population. Once TV6 was launched, the television monopoly was broken with the opening of the market.
TV6 has been the home of several veteran broadcasters in Trinidad and Tobago over the years, including Francesca Hawkins and Dominic Kalipersad.
Corporate information
The station was launched by Caribbean Communications Network, owners of the Trinidad Express, in 1991. By the first half of 2002, TV6 started to solidify its online integration with the flagship Trinidad Express website. CCN TV6 began including much of its nightly newscast online, for customers to access as news-on-demand on the Trinidad Express website. In 2005, CCN merged with the Barbados Nation to form a new company One Caribbean Media Ltd. The General Manager of CCN TV6 is Shida Bolai.
Programming
The station is the top rated broadcaster in Trinidad and Tobago and its programme lineup consists of popular local and American television series such as Crime Watch, Grey's Anatomy, Without a Trace, Smallville, Monk, Desperate Housewives and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, US Daytime soap-operas such as The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and the Restless, local and regional drama series such as Westwood Park and the Jamaican series Royal Palm Estate and local news.
The station also has a long-standing commitment to sport programming, and is the official broadcaster of the FIFA World Cup.
On June 3, 2015, TV6 (among other local stations) broadcast a paid program featuring an address by indicted former FIFA and CONCACAF executive and Trinidad native Jack Warner titled Jack Warner: The Gloves are Off, in which he stated that he had documents linking the outcome of the 2010 Trinidad and Tobago general election with FIFA finances and himself and said that his life was in danger, that he had given the documents to lawyers, and that he would "no longer keep secrets for them who actively seek to destroy the country." In response, comedian John Oliver, host of the HBO news-comedy series Last Week Tonight, arranged for his own paid address, John Oliver: The Mittens of Disapproval are On, to air on TV6 on June 9. During the broadcast, Oliver called upon Warner to release the information he said he possessed.
News
The TV6 News runs a full hour and a half from 7:00 pm which also has a radio simulc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20B%20class%20%281899%29
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The NZR B class of 1899 was a class of steam locomotives that operated on New Zealand's national rail network. An earlier B class of Double Fairlies had entered service in 1874, but as they had departed from the ownership of the New Zealand Railways (NZR) by the end of 1896, the B classification was free to be re-used. Despite early difficulties, they were amongst NZR's most influential designs.
Construction
The B class was designed as a larger, more powerful locomotive to handle mainline freight trains that were becoming too heavy for locomotives of the O, P, and T classes. The first was built in NZR's own Addington Workshops in Christchurch and entered service on 4 May 1899, and an order was placed with Sharp, Stewart and Company of Glasgow, Scotland to supply four more. The first engine from Scotland entered service on 20 December 1899, followed by the other three within the next month.
Over the course of 1901–1903, five more Bs were built in Addington Workshops, with the last entering service in May 1903. The locomotives were advanced for their time, featuring a new piston valve design and a modified form of Walschaerts valve gear, and they were designed to haul freight trains on flat lines and on the hilly section of the Main South Line between Oamaru and Dunedin. For the time, these were quite significant figures. The Addington engines were unusual in the fact that they employed a screw reverse configuration, instead of the standard reversing lever. They also had fold-down seats for both driver and fireman.
Only a couple of years after their arrival in New Zealand, three of the four Sharp, Stewart models entered NZR's Addington and Hillside (Dunedin) Workshops to be rebuilt, emerging as the WE class 4-6-4T tank locomotives.
Operation and improvement
The first locomotives had coupled wheelbase, which combined with a stiff frame caused track damage. The frames flexibility was improved by removing the continuous running plates and replacing them with boiler mounted boards. These were unsuited to the standard NZR sandbox of the time and so the engines were given sand domes. The last three had a wheelbase.
In their early years, the B class hauled freight trains between Christchurch and Dunedin, with their pulling power a considerable asset. However, they did not last long on this task. In 1906, the A class was introduced, followed by the ubiquitous AB class in 1915, thus displacing the B class locomotives to branch lines where their low axle loading was a benefit.
In the early nineteen-twenties, five were given superheated boilers. Starting in 1929 some of the class were reboilered with wide fireboxes. The first to be upgraded was B 306, re-entering service in March 1930. The overhaul involved the installation of wider fireboxes and superheated boilers, increasing the boiler pressure to and generating a tractive effort of . B 304 was similarly overhauled in 1931 and B 307 followed in 1935, and then a considerable length of time elapse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20assurance%20vulnerability%20alert
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An information assurance vulnerability alert (IAVA) is an announcement of a computer application software or operating system vulnerability notification in the form of alerts, bulletins, and technical advisories identified by US-CERT, https://www.us-cert.gov/
US-CERT is managed by National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC), which is part of Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). CISA, which includes the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) realigned its organizational structure in 2017, integrating like functions previously performed independently by the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) and the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT).
These selected vulnerabilities are the mandated baseline, or minimum configuration of all hosts residing on the GIG. US-CERT analyzes each vulnerability and determines if it is necessary or beneficial to the Department of Defense to release it as an IAVA. Implementation of IAVA policy will help ensure that DoD Components take appropriate mitigating actions against vulnerabilities to avoid serious compromises to DoD computer system assets that would potentially degrade mission performance.
Information assurance vulnerability management (IAVM) program
The combatant commands, services, agencies and field activities are required to implement vulnerability notifications in the form of alerts, bulletins, and technical advisories. USCYBERCOM has the authority to direct corrective actions, which may ultimately include disconnection of any enclave, or affected system on the enclave, not in compliance with the IAVA program directives and vulnerability response measures (i.e. communication tasking orders or messages). USCYBERCOM will coordinate with all affected organizations to determine operational impact to the DoD before instituting a disconnection.
Background
On November 16, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018. This landmark legislation elevated the mission of the former National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and established CISA, which includes the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). NCCIC realigned its organizational structure in 2017, integrating like functions previously performed independently by the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) and the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT).
According to the memorandum, the alert system should:
Identify a system administrator to be the point of contact for each relevant network system,
Send alert notifications to each point of contact,
Require confirmation by each point of contact acknowledging receipt of each alert notification,
Establish a date for the corrective action to be implemented
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20BA%20class
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:NZR BA class}}
The BA class was a class of steam locomotive built by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) for use on New Zealand's national rail network. The first BA entered service in November 1911, with the last of the 11 class members introduced on 14 May 1913.
Construction and later enhancements
In design and appearance the BA class was very similar to the B class of 1899-1903, but superheated and with a smaller firebox. They were designed primarily for use on freight trains in the South Island, and were capable of hauling a load of goods at speeds up to .
In March 1928, BA 552 was modified to have a wider firebox, and later that year the same work was done on BA 498. It was almost two decades before the alterations were performed on any other members of the class: BA 553 was done in May 1948, BA 148 the next month, and fifth and last was BA 499 in November 1949. The other BA locomotives were left with unmodified fireboxes.
The upgraded engines were capable of producing more power: their boiler pressure was raised to and they could generate . On straight, flat track, they could haul , and on the arduous Mihiwaka Bank north of Dunedin they were capable of hauling , more than the five locomotives that were not upgraded.
Like many classes of specialised freight engines on NZR, eight of the ten BA locomotives were modified to perform shunting duties. This included an all-weather cab fixture on the tender to provide shelter for crews, and second sand domes.
Operation
The locomotives occasionally hauled suburban passenger trains in Dunedin, but were primarily freight locomotives. They operated in Otago and Southland on the Main South Line and the many branch lines that fanned from it in the first half of the 20th century. The enhanced locomotives with larger fireboxes were often seen on the Otago Central Railway.
With the arrival of more powerful mixed traffic engines in from the 1920s' onward, the BA class were largely confined to heavy shunting duties and short-haul freight services in and around Dunedin. One main line duty retained by the class for some years was the Makareao Limestone trains. Some members of the class were transferred in the 1950s to the West Coast, where they operated for a few years on both shunting and longer distance services, notably on the line to Westport.
Withdrawal and preservation
The BA class lasted into the 1960s, late in the days of steam. The first BA to exit service was BA 554 in May 1963, and through the mid-1960s, the class was progressively withdrawn. At the start of 1969, only one was left in service, BA 552.
BA 552 hauled railfan excursions in the mid-1960s, and in 1968 and into 1969 it was retained by NZR on standby, should extra motive power be required. In June 1969 the decision was made to withdraw the locomotive, and pressure came from railfans to retain it for preservation. Les Hostick purchased it and it was used to haul an excursion in November of that ye
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDNet%20Movies
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HDNet Movies is an American digital cable and satellite television network owned and operated by HDNet LLC, operating as a subsidiary of AXS TV LLC. Launched by founder Mark Cuban in January 2003 as a spin-off of HDNet (now AXS TV), the network features theatrically released films and documentaries, which are presented in high definition and without commercial interruption or editing for content. Programming showcases a wide variety of films including Academy Award winners, action films, scifi films, westerns, and more.
HDNet Movies is available to 12 million households in the United States as of December 2020.
Programming
2016
In celebration of the 50th anniversary of Star Trek in 2016, HDNet Movies aired a marathon of films from the franchise on Memorial Day, May 30, 2016 which featured Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, and Star Trek: Insurrection.
On July 4, 2016, the network aired a 24-hour western movie marathon that featured classics such as The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean starring Paul Newman, Bad Day at Black Rock starring Spencer Tracy and Robert Ryan, A Big Hand for the Little Lady starring Henry Fonda, Hombre starring Newman, Cimarron starring Glenn Ford, and more.
In July 2016, HDNet Movies presented its first-ever celebrity-hosted program when Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Graham Nash of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young hosted Graham Nash Presents 9 Days of Rock Docs. The television event featured two rock music-themed documentaries in primetime across nine nights accompanied by hosted wraps and stories from Nash about the artists featured in the documentaries. The marathon included 13 different documentaries, several of which were television premieres, highlight artists such as The Allman Brothers Band, Rush, Eric Clapton, Van Morrison, Bob Dylan and more.
The network celebrated The Master of Suspense Alfred Hitchcock's birthday with a 48-hour marathon Aug. 13 and 14, featuring 17 of his films including Vertigo, Psycho, Rear Window, The Man Who Knew Too Much and The Birds, among others.
On Sunday, Nov. 6, the weekend before Election Day, Dan Rather hosted a movie marathon featuring politically-themed movies. Rather filmed wraparound vignettes that ran throughout the marathon recounting his experiences surrounding past Presidents and Presidential elections. Movies airing as part of the marathon included Welcome to Mooseport, True Colors, The Sentinel, The Ides of March, Primary Colors, In the Line of Fire and Bob Roberts.
In December, 2016 STYX's Tommy Shaw hosted the network's holiday event "Not So Silent Nights" featuring seven nights of music-themed films paired with rock documentaries in primetime. Pairings included Tommy with The Kids Are Alright and Janis with Graffiti Bridge, among others.
2017
To celebrate the 89th Academy Awards, HDNet Movies announced a month-long, 40-film line-up of Oscar-winning films called "And T
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SILO%20%28bootloader%29
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The SPARC Improved bootLOader (SILO) is the bootloader used by the SPARC port of the Linux operating system; it can also be used for Solaris as a replacement for the standard Solaris boot loader.
SILO generally looks similar to the basic version of LILO, giving a "boot:" prompt, at which the user can press the Tab key to see the available images to boot. The configuration file format is reasonably similar to LILO's, as well as some of the command-line options. However, SILO differs significantly from LILO because it reads and parses the configuration file at boot time, so it is not necessary to re-run it after every change to the file or to the installed kernel images. SILO is able to access ext2, ext3, ext4, UFS, romfs and ISO 9660 file systems, enabling it to boot arbitrary kernels from them (more similar to GRUB).
SILO also has support for transparent decompression of gzipped vmlinux images, making the bzImage format unnecessary on SPARC Linux.
SILO is loaded from the SPARC PROM.
Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
See also
bootman
LILO
elilo
Yaboot
NTLDR
BCD
References
External links
Gentoo wiki about SILO
Free boot loaders
SPARC microprocessor architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss%20Kiss%2C%20Bang%20Bangalore
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“Kiss Kiss, Bang Bangalore” is the seventeenth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 9, 2006. Dan Castellaneta & Deb Lacusta were nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Writing in Animation at the 59th Writers Guild of America Awards for their script to this episode.
Plot
On movie night at the nuclear power plant, Homer learns that the plant is being shut down and outsourced to India. After Homer is sent to train the new employees, he becomes power-hungry and is given a self-help book, The Cereal Is the Prize, by Marge for the plane ride. Arriving in India, he seeks help from Apu's cousin Kavi on help with outsourcing. Homer is able to spur the "natives" into a working frenzy — the natives, at first not understanding his confusing speech, assume that if they cheer, they will be allowed to go back to work. Homer, Smithers, and Mr. Burns get a positive albeit slightly inaccurate impression from this, and Homer is put in total charge of the power plant while Burns takes time off to have fun floating down the Ganges with corpses he has befriended. Homer, left in charge of a slightly overgrown nuclear power plant on a river in the middle of nowhere, appraises the Hindu deities and decides he might be a god himself. About a week later, Lenny and Carl come to the India plant, invited by a card claiming that Homer is to become a god.
Soon, the rest of the Simpson family, worried about Homer, travel to India and, with Burns, journey upriver on a PBR boat and find that Homer is ruling the plant like a god. Horrified, Marge and the kids tell the plant workers that Homer is not a god. They cheerfully explain that they already know, and that they worship him because of the American workplace routines he has instituted, like coffee breaks, early retirement, personal days, and "muffin baskets and mylar balloons on your birthday!". It is revealed that Homer has instituted these routines in the workers' binding contracts, treating the workers as good human beings in exchange for their help for outsourcing the power to Springfield, much to Marge's relief. Lisa then admits that she is proud of Homer for outsourcing the American worker's sense of entitlement and privilege. However, Mr. Burns calls this “madness” and decides to close down the plant and move it to an area where workers are "more desperate and ignorant" — Springfield. He then fires all the workers; however, this makes the workers delighted due to the various firing clauses Homer has written into their contracts ("Golden parachutes for all!").
Meanwhile, back in Springfield, Patty and Selma meet their Hollywood heart-throb, Richard Dean Anderson, who played MacGyver, who stops by to ask for directions to a convention about his newest show Stargate SG-1, only to find that he is totally uninterested in MacGyver and only did it for the pay. Patty and Selma kid
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMS-59
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DMS-59 (Dual Monitor Solution, 59 pins) was generally used for computer video cards. It provides two Digital Visual Interface (DVI) or Video Graphics Array (VGA) outputs in a single connector. A Y-style breakout cable is needed for the transition from the DMS-59 output (digital + analogue) to DVI (digital) or VGA (analogue), and different types of adapter cables exist. The connector is four pins high and 15 pins wide, with a single pin missing from the bottom row, in a D-shaped shell, with thumbscrews. , this adapter cable was listed as obsolete by its primary vendor Molex.
The advantage of DMS-59 is its ability to support two high resolution displays, such as two DVI Single Link digital channels or two VGA analog channels, with a single DVI-size connector. The compact size lets a half-height card support two high resolution displays, and a full-height card (with two DMS-59 connectors) up to four high resolution displays.
The DMS-59 connector is used by e.g. AMD (AMD FireMV), Nvidia and Matrox for video cards sold in some Lenovo ThinkStation models, Viglen Genies and Omninos, Dell, HP and Compaq computers. DMS-59 connectors also appeared on Sun Computers. Some confusion has been caused by the fact that vendors label cards with DMS-59 as "supports DVI", but the cards have no DVI connectors built-in. Such cards, when equipped with only a VGA connector adapter cable, cannot be connected to a monitor with only a DVI-D input. A DMS-59 to DVI adapter cable needs to be used with such monitors.
The DMS-59 connector is derived from the LFH-60 Molex low-force helix connector, which could be found in some earlier graphics cards. These ports are similar to DMS-59, but have all 60 pins present, whereas DMS-59 has one pin (pin 58) blocked. A connector plug with all 60 pins (such as a Molex 88766-7610 DVI-I splitter) does not fit into a properly keyed DMS-59 socket.
A Dual-DVI breakout cable can be used in connection with two passive DVI-to-HDMI adapters to feed modern displays with HDMI inputs, while using a DMS-59 graphics card, since the DVI signals are electrically identical to HDMI signals and do not require any kind of conversion.
References
General
External links
Molex DMS-59 family description
Description of DMS-59
Digital display connectors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu%E2%80%93Takaoka%20string%20matching%20algorithm
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In computer science, the Zhu–Takaoka string matching algorithm is a variant of the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm. It uses two consecutive text characters to compute the bad-character shift. It is faster when the alphabet or pattern is small, but the skip table grows quickly, slowing the pre-processing phase.
References
http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/string/node20.html
String matching algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadem%20Clio
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The Vadem Clio is a handheld PC released by Vadem in 1999. Models of it used Windows CE H/PC Pro 3.0 (WinCE Core OS 2.11) as the operating system. Data Evolution Corporation currently owns the rights to the Clio.
Overview
The Clio is a convertible tablet computer released by Vadem and designed by Sohela.
Data Evolution Corporation, which runs Microsoft's salar CE operating system and has a "SwingTop" pivoting arm. The 180-degree screen rotation allowed the unit to be used as a touch-screen tablet or as a more traditional notebook with a keyboard. Clio could run for more than 12 hours on a single charge. Along with the Sony VAIO it was one of the first full-sized portable computers that measured only an inch (2.2 cm) thick.
The platform was conceived of and created within Vadem by a skunkworks team that was led by Edmond Ku. Clio was first developed without the knowledge of Microsoft and after it was presented to Bill Gates and the CE team, it led to the definition of the Jupiter-class CE platform.
Handwriting software was from Vadem's ParaGraph group (acquired from SGI), the same team that provided handwriting recognition technology used in the Apple Newton.
Originally introduced in 1998, the Clio product line won numerous awards and accolades, such as Mobile Computing & Communications’ “Best Handheld Design, Keyboard Form Factor;” PC Week “Best of Comdex” finalist; Home Office Computing’s Silver Award; Mobility Award “Notebook Computing, PC Companion” winner; Industrial Designs Excellence Awards (IDEA)—Silver in Business and Industrial Equipment; and IDC’s “Best Design”. In addition, the Clio has been featured in hundreds of articles and has appeared on the covers of a number of magazines, including Pen Computing and Business Week.
Design
The swing arm and rotating screen concept was conceived by Edmond Ku, Vadem's engineering director. The physical design was the creation of frogdesign, Inc.'s industrial designers Sonia Schieffer and Josh Morenstein and mechanical engineers Richard Huang and Jenny Schlee.
The enclosure was made from plastic injection molded carbon fiber reinforced polyamide (nylon). The swing-arm was die-cast aluminium for stiffness and strength. The video signals relied upon a double-sided flex-circuit that routed from the base up through the arm to the display panel.
Specifications
C-1000
Processor: NEC VR4111 (MIPS R4000-compatible) @ 84 MHz
ROM: 24 MiB (upgradable)
SDRAM: 16 MiB (upgradable to 32)
Display: 9.4" 640 × 480 DSTN, 256 colors, touch panel
Software screen Rotation: None
Contrast and Brightness Settings: Yes
Keyboard: 63 Key, US English—16.5 mm center-to-center
Battery: 12-hour lithium ion rechargeable battery pack
Power Supply: 120 volt
Ports:
1 × RS-232 serial port (Not built-in, available on travel dock only)
1 × Type II PC Card
1 × Type II Compact Flash (internal)
Modem: 33.6 kbit/s Lucent
IrDA support: SIR and FIR
Speaker
Microphone
Size/Physical Dimensions: 8.75 in × 11.25 in × 1 in
Weight: 3 lb.,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Baseball%20Network
|
The Baseball Network was a short-lived American television broadcasting joint venture between ABC, NBC and Major League Baseball (MLB). Under the arrangement, beginning in the 1994 season, the league produced its own broadcasts in-house which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC. The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league.
The package included coverage of games in prime time on selected nights throughout the regular season (under the branding Baseball Night in America), along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series. Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league, there was no national "game of the week" during the regular season; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week. Additionally, The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games.
The arrangement did not last long; due to the effects of a players' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season, and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented, The Baseball Network was disbanded after the 1995 season. While NBC would maintain rights to certain games, the growing Fox network (having established its own sports division two years earlier in 1994) became the league's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996.
Background
After the fallout from CBS's financial problems from their exclusive, four-year-long (lasting from 1990 to 1993), US$1.8 billion television contract with Major League Baseball (a contract that ultimately cost the network approximately $500 million), Major League Baseball decided to go into the business of producing the telecasts themselves and market these to advertisers on its own. In reaction to the failed trial with CBS, Major League Baseball was desperately grasping for every available dollar. To put things into proper perspective, in 1991, the second year of the league's contract with the network, CBS reported a loss of around $169 million in the third quarter of the year. A decline in advertiser interest caused revenue from the sale of commercials during CBS's baseball telecasts to plummet. All the while, CBS was still contractually obligated to pay Major League Baseball around $260 million a year through 1993. Before Major League Baseball decided to seek the services of other networks, CBS offered US$120 million in annual rights fees over a two-year period, as well as advertising revenues in excess of $150 million a season.
As part of MLB's attempt to produce and market the games in-house, it hoped to provide games of regional interests to appropriate markets. Major League Baseball in the process, hoped to offer important games for divisional races to the overall market. Owners also hoped that this particular technique, combined with the additional division races create
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20BC%20class
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:NZR BC class}}
The BC class comprised a single steam locomotive that operated on New Zealand's national rail network. Built for the Wellington and Manawatu Railway (WMR) and classified simply as No.17, it passed into the ownership of the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) when the government purchased the WMR in December 1908, and it was then that it acquired the BC classification as BC 463.
Introduction
The WMR ordered No.17 from the Baldwin Locomotive Works. It entered service on 10 June 1902 and was at the time the most powerful locomotive to operate in the country. No.17 was the only 2-8-2 "Mikado" to run in New Zealand. It was a Vauclain compound, and its trailing truck bore similarities to the Q class, the world's first 4-6-2 "Pacific" type then under construction by Baldwin for NZR.
The locomotive was designed to haul trains on the WMR's steep main line between Wellington and Paekākāriki, and it proved capable of hauling a 280-ton freight train up the steep grades. This line became the southern portion of the North Island Main Trunk Railway when acquired by NZR in 1908.
Withdrawal
No.17/BC 463 worked this line its entire life. It operated for nearly two decades in NZR's ownership until it was withdrawn on 31 March 1927 along with fellow surviving WMR locomotives when NZR adopted a rapid locomotive standardisation plan in the 1920s. It did not survive to be preserved. A decade after it was withdrawn, the steepest section of its former line was bypassed by the Tawa Flat deviation and became the Johnsonville Branch.
See also
NZR Class B of 1874
NZR Class B of 1899
Locomotives of New Zealand
References
Bibliography
External links
New Zealand Steam - BC class
Individual locomotives of New Zealand
Bc class
2-8-2 locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Vauclain compound locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Madagascar%20Penguins%20in%20a%20Christmas%20Caper
|
The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper is a 2005 American computer-animated short film produced by DreamWorks Animation. The 12-minute Madagascar spin-off features the adventures of four penguins, sometimes known as the Madagascar Penguins, who live in the Central Park Zoo and are trained as spies.
The short premiered in theaters on October 7, 2005 with the stop-motion film Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit. It was directed by animation veteran Gary Trousdale, produced by Teresa Cheng, and written by Michael Lachance.
Plot
Focusing on the Madagascar penguins and taking place before the events of the first Madagascar, the youngest penguin on the team, Private, slips out of the zoo on Christmas Eve to find a present for a lonely polar bear named Ted. While roaming the streets of Manhattan, he is captured by Nana (the aggressive elderly lady from the first film and second film) who mistakes him for a chew toy for her vicious dog, Mr Chew. The other three penguins, Skipper, Kowalski, and Rico, rescue Private from Nana's apartment before it is too late. They escalate into chaos against Mr. Chew, all-the-while, not noticed by Nana, who is occupied watching a football game. When they are done, they detonate the door with a stick of dynamite (which Rico had repeatedly attempted to use prior), finally attracting the attention of Nana who ends up punishing Mr. Chew with a big time-out, thinking what the penguins did to her apartment was Mr. Chew's doing.
At the end of the film they invite Ted to their home. But he has already invited several other guests, resulting in a massive sing-a-long to a parody of Jingle Bells.
Voice cast
Chris Miller as Kowalski.
John DiMaggio as Rico.
Tom McGrath as Skipper.
Elisa Gabrielli as Nana.
Christopher Knights as Private.
Hope Levy as an Additional Voice
Rif Hutton as an Additional Voice.
Richard Miro as an Additional Voice.
Mitch Carter as an Additional Voice.
Lynnanne Zager as an Additional Voice.
Bill Fagerbakke as Ted the polar bear.
Sean Bishop as the Doorman/TV Announcer.
Frank Welker as Mr. Chew.
Soundtrack
The original music for the short was composed by James Dooley. According to Dooley, he was asked to score because he "had written all the music for the penguins in the feature length, Madagascar."
Home media
The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper was released on later DVD editions of Madagascar, Shrek, and Shrek 2, all of which were released on November 15, 2005. It was released on Blu-ray on September 23, 2008, as a bonus feature attached to Madagascar.
See also
List of Christmas films
Notes
References
External links
2005 films
2005 computer-animated films
2000s American animated films
2000s animated short films
2005 comedy films
American children's animated comedy films
American Christmas films
American computer-animated films
Animated films about penguins
Computer-animated short films
DreamWorks Animation animated short films
Films about animals
Films directed by Gary T
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide%20Open%20West
|
WideOpenWest (doing business as WOW!) is the eighth largest cable operator in the United States with their network passing 1.9 million homes and businesses. The company offers landline telephone, cable television, and broadband Internet services. As of November 3, 2022, WOW! has about 538,100 subscribers.
After a 2017 initial public offering, WideOpenWest is publicly traded with Avista Capital Partners and Crestview Partners retaining significant stakes. As of August 6, 2019 Avista Capital Partners sold their shares in the company, leaving Crestview Partners WOW's largest shareholder holding a 37% stake in the company.
History
WOW! was founded in November 1996 in Denver, Colorado. After building a network in April 2001, WOW! initially served about 200 people in the Denver area. In November 2001, WOW! purchased Americast, an overbuild system in the Midwest built and operated by Ameritech New Media for an undisclosed amount per subscriber, estimated to have been at a cost of $600 per sub. This purchase opened WOW! to over 310,000 new customers in metropolitan areas surrounding the cities of Chicago, Cleveland, Columbus, Detroit, Denver, and Evansville. WOW! no longer serves the Columbus, Cleveland, or Denver markets.
Avista Capital Partners completed its acquisition of cable operator WideOpenWest (“WOW!”) from Oak Hill Capital Partners and ABRY Partners. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
On August 23, 2011, Wave Broadband and WOW! announced that they entered into an agreement to purchase substantially all of the assets of Broadstripe LLC, a provider of residential and commercial bundled communications services. On January 14, WOW! completed the acquisition of Broadstripe's cable systems in Michigan.
In April 2012, WOW! purchased Knology, a broadband company, operating in 13 markets. With the merger the combined customer total will be over 800,000. Knology had previously merged with Valley Telephone Company in 1999, Prairiewave Communications in 2007, Graceba Total Communications in 2008, and Sunflower Broadband in 2011.
In June 2014, WOW! sold its cable, Internet and phone systems in the South Dakota markets to Clarity Telecom. Part of the multimillion-dollar deal, worth $262 million, included the markets in Iowa and Minnesota previously served by Knology and PrairieWave Communications. In March 2015 these markets would officially become known as Vast Broadband.
In September 2016, WOW! purchased NuLink, a cable company serving Newnan, Georgia with approximately 34,000 customers at the time the deal closed.
In October 2016, WOW! came to an agreement with Midco to sell its systems in Lawrence, Kansas. These systems currently pass approximately 67,000 homes and businesses in the area.
On June 28, 2017, WOW! officially no longer serves the Lawrence, Kansas area.
On March 6, 2018 WOW! announced that they had deployed DOCSIS 3.1 to 95% of their footprint, one of the first cable operators to reach that near-ubiquitous threshold.
On
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Seemingly%20Never-Ending%20Story
|
"The Seemingly Never-Ending Story" is the thirteenth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 12, 2006. The episode won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour). At the 34th Annie Awards, episode writer Ian Maxtone-Graham won the award for "Best Writing in an Animated Television Production." The episode contains many levels of nested storytelling, much like the novel The NeverEnding Story by Michael Ende, which the title references.
Plot
While visiting a cave, Homer meddles with a very fragile stalactite, causing the family to fall deep into the caves. Homer is stuck hanging upside down from a narrow hole, and while Marge and Bart try to find a way out, Lisa tells him a story to pass the time.
In Lisa's story, a bighorn sheep begins to attack her. She runs to the nearest shelter, Mr. Burns' house, and they hide in the attic. There, Lisa finds a photo of Burns as an employee at Moe's Tavern, and he tells her the origins of it. Burns explains that he and Rich Texan were once involved in a scavenger hunt, with the winner getting all the possessions of the loser. Burns was able to get every item besides one: a picture of himself with a smiling child. The Texan won, and Burns had to get a job at Moe's to regain his fortune. While working, he finds a letter by Moe about his secret treasure.
The summer before Edna Krabappel was to begin teaching, she and Moe met and fell in love. Moe wanted to leave Springfield with her but had no money, only for Snake, a polite idealistic archaeologist, to bring a large amount of gold coins he intended to donate to a museum. Moe stole them from Snake, leading him to begin a life of crime. Before Moe and Edna are about to leave, Edna stops by Springfield Elementary School and finds Bart with detention over the summer, claiming he does bad in school because nobody believes in him. Edna tells Moe that she will stay in Springfield to help Bart succeed. Back in the cave, Bart explains that he was lying to distract Edna and help Nelson steal classroom equipment.
Moe became depressed and used his coins to play music he and Edna liked on the tavern's jukebox repeatedly. After reading the letter, Burns took the coins from the jukebox and bought his possessions back from the Texan; he complies, but refuses to give the nuclear power plant back until Burns completes the scavenger hunt. The sheep bursts into the attic, and Burns gets hurt defending Lisa. The sheep shows that it found Lisa's pearl necklace and was merely trying to return it. Lisa, in gratitude, takes a photo of her and Burns together, allowing him to get the plant back from the Texan.
After Lisa's story, Homer breaks free from the hole. He reveals that he saw the Texan hide the gold coins in the cave, and brought the family there to steal them. Just then, the Texan shows up, and the gold is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAZN
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WAZN (1470 AM) is an ethnic radio station in the Boston, Massachusetts market, licensed to Watertown. It is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting, and broadcasts Chinese language programming, simulcast from M.R.B.I.'s New York City station.
History
The station signed on in January 1958 as WSRO, operating out of Marlborough.
At one time, WSRO was a music station. Additionally, at one time, the station was simulcast in Gardner on WGAW (1340). However, in 1996, the station filed for bankruptcy, and was sold separately from WGAW in October. The new ownership gradually shifted the station to more of a talk radio format the following year.
WSRO was sold to Alex Langer in 1998. In early 1999, the station let go much of its staff and became a full-time relay of sister station WRPT (650); soon afterward, the station lost its original transmitter location in Marlborough and relocated to a temporary site in Hudson. In October 2000, WSRO applied to move to Watertown, operating from a transmitter location in Lexington.
The station was sold to Multicultural in 2002. The callsign was soon changed to WAZN, as the WSRO call letters remained with Langer on 650 AM. The move to Watertown was completed by Multicultural in early 2004. The station began broadcasting Chinese programming on February 1, 2016.
References
External links
AZN
Radio stations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Massachusetts
Watertown, Massachusetts
Mass media in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Multicultural Broadcasting stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergon%20Energy
|
Ergon Energy Network is a subsidiary company of Energy Queensland Limited (EQL) a Government owned corporation owned by the Government of Queensland. It distributes electricity to around 763,000 customers across Queensland, excluding South East Queensland through a distribution network regulated by the Australian Energy Regulator (AER) who set the prices that Ergon is allowed to charge for distribution.
History
Ergon was formed in 1999 by the Queensland Government, from the then six regional Queensland electricity distributors and their subsidiary retailers. In 2007, the Queensland Government sold approximately 50,000 contestable electricity customers and retailer trading activities to AGL. Smaller electricity customers which are not economic continue to be billed by Ergon Energy and the electricity distribution network remains in public ownership. Ergon Energy became a subsidiary of EQL on 1 July 2016.
Operations
Today the principal operating companies are Ergon Energy Corporation Limited, as the electricity distributor, and its subsidiary Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd, the electricity retailer. Ergon Energy's retailer is only permitted, by legislation, to sell electricity at the Queensland Government's Notified Prices (overseen by the Queensland Competition Authority (QCA)), enabling Queenslanders to access the same uniform electricity tariffs.
The electricity generation and distribution network consists of approximately 178,000 kilometres of powerlines and one million power poles, along with associated infrastructure such as major substations and power transformers. Ergon Energy also owns and operates 33 stand-alone power stations that provide supply to communities across Queensland which are not connected to the main electricity grid. Since August 2007, Ergon Energy has owned and operated the gas-fired Barcaldine Power Station along with its associated infrastructure, which supplies power to the main grid.
In 2009, Ergon Energy established its first solar farm in Windorah. The Windorah Solar Farm provides electricity to the town of Windorah and surrounding rural areas.
In regional Queensland, retail competition is limited and most customers continue to be supplied by Ergon Energy under a standard contract. While the company has been criticised in the past for not keeping up with innovations in electricity supply such as smart meters which the state of Victoria has been acknowledged as the national leader, it is catching up with consumer-based applications that can be used to monitor energy usage in real time. Ergon Energy Retail has been a principal partner of the Royal Flying Doctor Service (Queensland Section) since 2000. Over 20 years, Ergon Energy employees and customers have donated more than $16 million towards improved emergency and routine medical care facilities throughout Queensland.
See also
National Electricity Market
References
External links
Ergon Energy
Electric power distribution network operators in Austr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist%20League%20%28Iceland%29
|
The Icelandic Communist League was a grouping affiliated with the Socialist Workers Party (USA), a part of its international network of affiliates, the so-called Pathfinder Tendency. The Icelandic Communist League was unique in this tendency in that, while like its sister parties it too was very small, it was for a few years the only, and hence dominant, communist grouping in its country.
Its origins lie in the Young Socialists. Some members formed the Organizing Committee for a Communist League in 2001, and in 2002 declared the "Communist League".
The Communist League has not been active in Iceland since 2006 or 2007.
Defunct political parties in Iceland
Trotskyist organizations in Europe
Communist parties in Iceland
Political parties established in 2002
2002 establishments in Iceland
Political parties disestablished in the 2000s
2000s disestablishments in Iceland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B%20classes
|
A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with keyword class that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public. By default access to members of a C++ class is private. The private members are not accessible outside the class; they can be accessed only through methods of the class. The public members form an interface to the class and are accessible outside the class.
Instances of a class data type are known as objects and can contain member variables, constants, member functions, and overloaded operators defined by the programmer.
Differences between a structure and a class in C++
In C++, a class defined with the class keyword has private members and base classes by default. A structure is a class defined with the struct keyword. Its members and base classes are public by default. In practice, structs are typically reserved for data without functions. When deriving a struct from a class/struct, default access-specifier for a base class/struct is public. And when deriving a class, default access specifier is private.
Aggregate classes
An aggregate class is a class with no user-declared constructors, no private or protected
non-static data members, no base classes, and no virtual functions. Such a class can be initialized with a brace-enclosed comma-separated list of initializer-clauses. The following code has the same semantics in both C and C++.
struct C {
int a;
double b;
};
struct D {
int a;
double b;
C c;
};
// initialize an object of type C with an initializer-list
C c = {1, 2.0};
// D has a sub-aggregate of type C. In such cases initializer-clauses can be nested
D d = {10, 20.0, {1, 2.0}};
POD-structs
A POD-struct (Plain Old Data Structure) is an aggregate class that has no non-static data members of type non-POD-struct, non-POD-union (or array of such types) or reference, and has no user-defined assignment operator and no user-defined destructor. A POD-struct could be said to be the C++ equivalent of a C struct. In most cases, a POD-struct will have the same memory layout as a corresponding struct declared in C. For this reason, POD-structs are sometimes colloquially referred to as "C-style structs".
Properties shared between structs in C and POD-structs in C++
Data members are allocated so that later members have higher addresses within an object, except where separated by an access-specifier.
Two POD-struct types are layout-compatible if they have the same number of nonstatic data members, and corresponding nonstatic data members (in order) have layout-compatible types.
A POD-struct may contain unnamed padding.
A pointer to a POD-struct object, suitably converted using a reinterpret cast, points to its initial member and vice versa, implying that there is no padding at the beginning of a POD-struct.
A POD-struct may be used with the offsetof macro.
Declaration a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative%20Hypertext%20of%20Radiology
|
The Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology (or "CHORUS") is a free medical reference database based on a system originally developed at the University of Chicago and currently maintained at the Medical College of Wisconsin.
External links
Medical databases
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dawson%27s%20Creek%20episodes
|
Dawson's Creek is an American television series that premiered on January 20, 1998, on television network The WB. It was created by Kevin Williamson, who was the executive producer until the end of the show's second season. Paul Stupin shared the executive producer role until Williamson left, and remained until the series finale along with Tom Kapinos and Greg Prange. It is produced by Outerbanks Entertainment and Sony Pictures Television.
The series stars James Van Der Beek as Dawson Leery, an aspiring filmmaker. Katie Holmes and Joshua Jackson portray his childhood friends Joey Potter and Pacey Witter, respectively. Michelle Williams plays Jen Lindley, the new girl to Capeside from New York City. Kerr Smith plays Jack McPhee, a teen who struggles with his sexuality; Meredith Monroe plays overachiever Andie McPhee; and Busy Philipps plays Joey's college roommate Audrey Liddell. Rounding out the cast are Mary-Margaret Humes and John Wesley Shipp as Gail and Mitch Leery, Dawson's parents; Nina Repeta as Bessie Potter, Joey's older sister and legal guardian due to their mother's fatal cancer and father's incarceration for blue-collar crime; and Mary Beth Peil as Evelyn "Grams" Ryan, Jen's maternal grandmother and legal guardian in Capeside.
Between January 20, 1998, and May 14, 2003, Dawson's Creek aired for six seasons on the WB, the first season being a mid-season replacement and the following five as regular seasons. 128 episodes were produced over the show's six-year run, and concluded with a two-hour series finale. All six seasons are available on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (1998)
"No. in series" refers to the episode's number in the overall series; "No. in season" refers to the episode's number in this particular season. The first season, 13 episodes, ran from January 20, 1998, to May 19, 1998. The episodes were shot in 1997, before the series premiered. The first season takes place during what is approximately the first three months of the characters' sophomore year.
Season 2 (1998–1999)
The second season ran from October 7, 1998, to May 26, 1999. This season picks up immediately where season one left off and follows the characters through the remainder of their sophomore year.
Season 3 (1999–2000)
Season 3 aired from September 29, 1999, to May 24, 2000, and features 23 episodes. This season takes place during the characters' junior year of high school in Capeside. There were several cast changes from season 2. Kerr Smith and Meredith Monroe joined the main cast as Jack and Andie McPhee, respectively. The two had previously held special guest star roles in the previous season with Smith appearing in twenty episodes and Monroe appearing in twenty-one.
Season 4 (2000–2001)
Dawson's Creek fourth season started on October 4, 2000, and ended on May 23, 2001. This season takes place during the characters' senior year of high school in Capeside.
Meredith Monroe left the series after episode, "You Had Me at
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JoCaml
|
JoCaml is an experimental functional programming language derived from OCaml. It integrates the primitives of the join-calculus to enable flexible, type-checked concurrent and distributed programming. The current version of JoCaml is a re-implementation of the now unmaintained JoCaml made by Fabrice Le Fessant, featuring a modified syntax and improved OCaml compatibility compared to the original.
JoCaml was used by team Camls 'R Us to implement a distributed ray tracer, earning 2nd place on the ICFP 2000 programming contest.
The name is a reference to Joe Camel, a cartoon camel used in advertisements for Camel-brand cigarettes.
Example
type coins = Nickel | Dime
and drinks = Coffee | Tea
and buttons = BCoffee | BTea | BCancel;;
(* def defines a Join-pattern alternatives set clause
* '&' in the left side of '=' means join (channel synchronism)
* '&' in the right hand side is parallel processing
* synchronous_reply :== "reply" [x] "to" channel_name
* synchronous channels have function-like types (`a -> `b)
* while asynchronous ones have type `a Join.chan
* only the last statement in a pattern rhs expression can be an asynchronous message
* 0 in an asynchronous message position means STOP ("no sent message" in CSP terminology).
*)
def put(s) = print_endline s ; 0 (* STOP *)
;; (* put: string Join.chan *)
def give(d) = match d with
Coffee -> put("Coffee")
| Tea -> put("Tea")
;; (* give: drink Join.chan *)
def refund(v) = let s = Printf.sprintf "Refund %d" v in put(s)
;; (* refund: int Join.chan *)
let new_vending give refund =
let vend (cost:int) (credit:int) = if credit >= cost
then (true, credit - cost)
else (false, credit)
in
def coin(Nickel) & value(v) = value(v+5) & reply to coin
or coin(Dime) & value(v) = value(v+10) & reply to coin
or button(BCoffee) & value(v) =
let should_give, remainder = vend 10 v in
(if should_give then give(Coffee) else 0 (* STOP *))
& value(remainder) & reply to button
or button(BTea) & value(v) =
let should_give, remainder = vend 5 v in
(if should_give then give(Tea) else 0 (* STOP *))
& value(remainder) & reply to button
or button(BCancel) & value(v) = refund( v) & value(0) & reply to button
in spawn value(0) ;
coin, button (* coin, button: int -> unit *)
;; (* new_vending: drink Join.chan -> int Join.chan -> (int->unit)*(int->unit) *)
let ccoin, cbutton = new_vending give refund in
ccoin(Nickel); ccoin(Nickel); ccoin(Dime);
Unix.sleep(1); cbutton(BCoffee);
Unix.sleep(1); cbutton(BTea);
Unix.sleep(1); cbutton(BCancel);
Unix.sleep(1) (* let the last message show up *)
;;
execution
$ jocamlc example.ml -o test
$ ./test
Coffee
Tea
Refund 5
See also
Join-calculus
References
External links
The join-calculus language
The JoCaml system
Concurrent programming languages
OCaml programming lan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%201
|
Random 1 is a documentary-style reality television series that aired from November 2005 to January 2006 on the A&E cable network. In each episode, hosts John Chester and Andre Miller travel from town to town, in Miller's real-life, rickety pickup truck Jackie, searching for total strangers who are looking to have their lives changed. However, unlike other such "do-gooder" shows, Chester and Miller employ an all-shapes-and-sizes approach, with assignments ranging from a new cell phone to a week in rehab to a new prosthetic leg. The show ran for one season, and premiered to favorable reviews.
The crew abides by a set of rules: the person being helped must be a stranger, the mission must be completed in one day, and no money may be spent (as Chester explains in Episode 4, "Out Of The Woods", this is because money distances a philanthropist from the person they are trying to help. All three of these rules were eventually broken in the course of the season, however). In order to free up John and Andre to get to know the subject of a given episode, they are aided by three producers in an internet-ready mobile RV. Capella Fahoome, Jim Lefter, and Molly Schrek, once a subject has been decided on, go to their laptops and cell phones, searching for local businesses or individuals willing to help. Typically, the "street team" and the "RV team" do not interact except over the phone, although this policy, too, has had its exceptions.
As of May 24, 2007, there was no planned DVD release of the show itself, however, a feature film adaptation featuring Mark and Normand is touring the festival circuit, having premiered at South By Southwest. It combines footage from episodes 4 and 10, along with behind-the-scenes footage of the show, and new footage of Mark and Normand's post-Random 1 experiences. It is entitled Lost In Woonsocket.
Cast
John Chester (scout and co-founder)
Andre Miller (scout and co-founder)
Jim Lefter (producer)
Capella Fahoome (producer)
Molly Schrekengost (producer)
Jackie (truck)
Origins
The project began in 1996 when documentary filmmaker John Chester joined fitness trainer Andre Miller to seek out strangers for assistance; starting in 1999, the pair began documenting their experiences on film.
A&E began airing the group's efforts as a 10-episode series in November 2005.
References
External links
at AEtv.com
A&E (TV network) original programming
Philanthropy
2000s American reality television series
2005 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
English-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplicate%20code
|
In computer programming, duplicate code is a sequence of source code that occurs more than once, either within a program or across different programs owned or maintained by the same entity. Duplicate code is generally considered undesirable for a number of reasons. A minimum requirement is usually applied to the quantity of code that must appear in a sequence for it to be considered duplicate rather than coincidentally similar. Sequences of duplicate code are sometimes known as code clones or just clones, the automated process of finding duplications in source code is called clone detection.
Two code sequences may be duplicates of each other without being character-for-character identical, for example by being character-for-character identical only when white space characters and comments are ignored, or by being token-for-token identical, or token-for-token identical with occasional variation. Even code sequences that are only functionally identical may be considered duplicate code.
Emergence
Some of the ways in which duplicate code may be created are:
copy and paste programming, which in academic settings may be done as part of plagiarism
scrounging, in which a section of code is copied "because it works". In most cases this operation involves slight modifications in the cloned code, such as renaming variables or inserting/deleting code. The language nearly always allows one to call one copy of the code from different places, so that it can serve multiple purposes, but instead the programmer creates another copy, perhaps because they
do not understand the language properly
do not have the time to do it properly, or
do not care about the increased active software rot.
It may also happen that functionality is required that is very similar to that in another part of a program, and a developer independently writes code that is very similar to what exists elsewhere. Studies suggest that such independently rewritten code is typically not syntactically similar.
Automatically generated code, where having duplicate code may be desired to increase speed or ease of development, is another reason for duplication. Note that the actual generator will not contain duplicates in its source code, only the output it produces.
Fixing
Duplicate code is most commonly fixed by moving the code into its own unit (function or module) and calling that unit from all of the places where it was originally used. Using a more open-source style of development, in which components are in centralized locations, may also help with duplication.
Costs and benefits
Code which includes duplicate functionality is more difficult to support because,
it is simply longer, and
if it needs updating, there is a danger that one copy of the code will be updated without further checking for the presence of other instances of the same code.
On the other hand, if one copy of the code is being used for different purposes, and it is not properly documented, there is a danger that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFFT-TV
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WFFT-TV (channel 55) is a television station in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. Owned by Allen Media Broadcasting, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on Hillegas Road in Fort Wayne.
History
As an independent station
The station signed on the air on December 21, 1977, as an independent station. Many shows on WFFT during its early days had not been seen in the market since their original airing on network television; among the classic series it aired were The Little Rascals, Superman, Batman, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, Night Gallery, The Wild Wild West and McHale's Navy. For a time, the station carried ABC shows that were preempted by WPTA (channel 21), which usually included shows that were part of the ABC Late Night block.
Innovations
In January 1978, just one month after it signed on, the Midwestern United States suffered through a snowstorm known as the "Great Blizzard of 1978". Due to the severity of the storm, engineers were trapped at the station, and rather than sign off the air as they normally would, they got permission from management to simply continue transmitting. They filled the time with information about the weather situation (to the degree that they could given their limited resources), and public domain films and videos from the station's library. The appeal of 24-hour broadcasting was so popular, it later ended up staying on the air all night each Friday and Saturday on a regular basis during a time when the other Fort Wayne stations would sign-off for the night around 1:00 or 2:00 a.m.; it filled the overnight timeslot with a feature film showcase called Nite Owl Theatre, which began with the opening refrain of "(I've Been) Searchin' So Long" by Chicago as its theme music.
In later years, Friday late nights featured classic horror movies such as: Frankenstein, Dracula, The Wolfman, The Mole People and Invasion of the Body Snatchers hosted by a character called "The Shroud" on Nightmare Theatre (of which only one episode is currently known to exist). The station provided a much-needed alternative to viewers in the Fort Wayne area (particularly younger viewers) with its array of cartoons, movies, and old sitcoms. This was especially important for those who did not have cable and could not watch regional or national superstations such as WTTV from Indianapolis or WGN-TV from Chicago.
At one time, WFFT was voted the #1 independent station in the United States, a feat that was especially remarkable since Fort Wayne was one of the smallest markets in the country at the time to have an independent station. Beginning in 1982, the station carried programming from CNN Headline News during various parts of the day, including the overnight hours on weekdays. It also provided some coverage of local events such as the Three Rivers Festival. The station served as the official Fort Wayne outlet for Chicago Cubs baseball.
Local childrens' programming
Happy's Place was an af
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UATV
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UATV is an acronym representing any of the following:
Urban America Television, defunct television network in the United States
United Artists Television, defunct television production and syndication arm of United Artists Pictures
UATV, Ukrainian public broadcaster, operated by Ukrinform
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2770s%20on%207
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'70s on 7 (or just The '70s) is a commercial-free, satellite radio channel on Sirius XM Radio channel 7 and Dish Network channel 6007 (channel 099-07 on Dish's Hopper DVR units). It plays pop, rock, soul, and disco music from the 1970s, mostly hits. Prior to XM’s merger with Sirius, Arbitron reported that '70s on 7 was the fourth most listened to channel, with a cume of 667,400 listeners per week. As part of the Sirius/XM merger on November 12, 2008, The '70s was merged with Sirius' Totally '70s and took its current name.
Much like the other decades channels, '70s on 7 attempts to recreate the feel of 1970s radio. It uses similar DJ techniques, jingles, 1970s slang, and news updates. Kid Kelly, formerly of WHTZ New York, programs the channel with Human Numan, a long-time contemporary hit radio personality. Creative imaging is produced by producer Mitch Todd who oversees all producers and production on the music channels and the marketing division. Due to being commercial-free, it does not recreate any sponsor spots. The channel was also used for XM's annual pop music chronology, IT.
The original XM "70s on 7" channel made a strong effort to reproduce the smooth, velvety 1970s FM sound rather than the chatty "morning drive" sound that Sirius favored. After the XM-Sirius merger the "morning drive" sound became the "official" sound of the 1970s channel. The channel features the unique "Jukebox of Dynamite" (formerly the "Jukebox of Cheese"), when an alleged listener selects a "cheesy" song for the segment such as "Oh, Babe, What Would You Say?", "Seasons in the Sun", "Theme from Billy Jack", "Run Joey Run" or "Billy Don't Be A Hero".
70s on 7 also uses bumpers that parody TV shows and commercial jingles from the 70s, and also has its own parodies of movie scenes, known as "director's cuts".
The station's logo currently has a flower as the zero. Prior to 2015, the station's logo featured a disco ball as the zero. The internet version can be biased to play only disco and soul.
Core artists
Stevie Wonder
Bachman-Turner Overdrive
KC & The Sunshine Band
Bee Gees
ABBA
Chicago
Earth, Wind & Fire
Elton John
Paul McCartney & Wings
Eagles
The Jackson 5
Marvin Gaye
Michael Jackson
Three Dog Night
Doobie Brothers
Steely Dan
References
External links
SiriusXM: '70s on 7
Sirius Satellite Radio channels
XM Satellite Radio channels
Sirius XM Radio channels
1970s-themed radio stations
Radio stations established in 2001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20Electro
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Polar Electro Oy (commonly known as Polar) is a Finnish manufacturer of sports training computers, particularly known for developing the world's first wireless heart rate monitor.
The company is based in Kempele, Finland and was founded in 1977. Polar has approximately 1,200 employees worldwide, it has 26 subsidiaries that supply over 35,000 retail outlets in more than 80 countries. Polar manufactures a range of heart rate monitoring devices and accessories for athletic training and fitness and also to measure heart rate variability.
History
In 1975, there was no accurate way to measure heart rate during training, and the idea of a wireless, portable heart rate monitor was conceived on a cross-country skiing track in Finland.
Polar was founded in 1977, and the company filed its first patent for wireless heart rate measurement three years later. Its late founder Seppo Säynäjäkangas (1942–2018) was the inventor of the first wireless EKG heart rate monitor. In 1978, the company launched its first commercial product, the Tunturi Pulser. In 1982, Polar launched the world's first wearable wire-free heart rate monitor, the Sport Tester PE 2000.
Today, Polar has products ranging from basic models for beginners to fitness enthusiasts and training systems designed for elite athletes. Polar has also developed heart rate monitoring and training systems for equestrian sports. Polar technology and devices are widely used in various scientific studies, as well as being adopted by many university research departments. In part due to its own history and the affiliation with universities and the scientific community, Polar offers a research co-operation programme focused on supporting studies in exercise science.
In November 2015, Polar released its first optical wrist-reading heart rate monitor, the A360.
In July 2018, Dutch newspaper De Correspondent revealed that Polar's fitness app shows users on the map, making it possible to find out their real names, profession and home addresses. In a reaction, Polar ended some of the online functionality of sharing routes on the map.
Current products
References
Further reading
Hoffman, Michael (December 14, 2009). "Heart-rate monitors help PT flunkers". Military Times.
External links
Finnish companies established in 1977
Electronics companies established in 1977
Sporting goods manufacturers of Finland
Finnish brands
Watch brands
Activity trackers
Kempele
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive%20Letter%20Access
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Drive Letter Access (DLA) is a discontinued commercial packet writing application for the Microsoft Windows operating system that allows optical disc data storage devices to be used in a manner similar to floppy disks. DLA is a packet writing technology for CD and DVD media that uses the UDF file system.
DLA is not compatible with Windows Vista and newer, although a patch exists to fix this issue under Windows Vista.
Roxio Burn was introduced on April 30, 2009. As a replacement for DLA, it remedies compatibility issues Internet Explorer 8.
History
DLA was originally developed by VERITAS Software and later sold to Sonic Solutions in 2002. It was common as it was shipped with a majority of CD and DVD recording drives, where DLA came as a custom OEM version for the branded drive. Also, most PC systems from Dell, HP, IBM, Sony and Toshiba came with DLA pre-installed. An OEM version was often available for download for the specific computer system.
With Windows Vista support for DLA was either dropped or it was replaced by a similar product, like Drag-to-Disc.
Technology
To use an optical medium such as a CD-R, CD-RW, DVD±R or DVD±RW just like a floppy drive it is necessary to utilize a technique called packet writing. After formatting the optical media it is then possible to write data in small packets, hence the name “packet writing.” The optical drive unit has to support the ability to write in small units, which all modern CD and DVD recording drives do. This way it is possible to save files onto optical media, as well as change, rename or delete them, or copy files separately onto the media.
Without packet writing, optical media like the above-mentioned would have to be written on in one big block, like Disc At Once (DAO), Session At Once (SAO) and Track At Once (TAO), because these media types normally do not support sectors. After formatting with packet writing the medium is sectored in blocks that can be written to individually. The preferred file system is the Universal Disk Format (UDF) in versions from 1.50 onward, which is also used by DLA.
Packet writing is not required for writing DVD-RAM. DVD-RAM media are already sectored (which can be seen when looking at the surface of an empty DVD-RAM disc) and the hardware logic of DVD-RAM capable drives supports sectored read/write operations as required by the DVD-RAM standard. However, for Windows up to 2000, DLA will also add support for DVD-RAM together with the UDF file system, for Windows XP DLA will only add the UDF support.
DLA also supports the Mount Rainier standard with MRW capable drives. For Windows up to XP DLA will provide this functionality as well as the UDF support.
Windows XP is the first Windows operating system to support DVD-RAM. Windows Vista is the first Windows operating system to support full UDF functionality (UDF up to version 2.50, full support meaning read and write operations) and Mount Rainier.
Versions
DLA is available only for Microsoft Windows operati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear%20MPP
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The Goodyear Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) was a
massively parallel processing supercomputer built by Goodyear Aerospace
for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It was designed to deliver enormous computational power at lower cost than other existing supercomputer architectures, by using thousands of simple processing elements, rather than one or a few highly complex CPUs. Development of the MPP began circa 1979; it was delivered in May 1983, and was in general use from 1985 until 1991.
It was based on Goodyear's earlier STARAN array processor, a 4x256 1-bit processing element (PE) computer. The MPP was a 128x128 2-dimensional array of 1-bit wide PEs. In actuality 132x128 PEs were configured with a 4x128 configuration added for fault tolerance to substitute for up to 4 rows (or columns) of processors in the presence of problems. The PEs operated in a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) fashioneach PE performed the same operation simultaneously, on different data elements, under the control of a microprogrammed control unit.
After the MPP was retired in 1991, it was donated to the Smithsonian Institution, and is now in the collection of the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. It was succeeded at Goddard by the MasPar MP-1 and Cray T3D massively parallel computers.
Applications
The MPP was initially developed for high-speed analysis of satellite images. In early tests, it was able to extract and separate different land-use areas on Landsat imagery in 18 seconds, as compared with 7 hours on a DEC VAX-11/780.
Once the system was put into production use, NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications solicited proposals from scientists across the country to test and implement a wide range of computational algorithms on the MPP. 40 projects were accepted, to form the "MPP Working Group"; results of most of them were presented at the First Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation, in 1986.
Some examples of applications that were made of the MPP are:
Signal processing of synthetic aperture radar data
Generating topographic maps via stereo analysis of satellite images
Mathematical modeling of ocean circulation
Ray traced computer graphics
Neural networks
Solving large systems of linear equations
Simulation of cosmic ray charged particle transport
High resolution Mandelbrot sets
System architecture
The overall MPP hardware consisted of the Array Unit, Array Control Unit, Staging Memory, and Host Processor.
The Array Unit was the heart of the MPP, being the 128x128 array of 16,384 processing elements. Each PE was connected to its four nearest neighbors - north, south, east, and west. The array could be configured as a plane, a cylinder, a daisy-chain or as a torus. The PEs were implemented on a custom silicon-on-sapphire LSI chip which contained eight of the PEs as a 2x4 subarray. Each of the PEs had arithmetic and logic units, 35 shift registers, and 1024 bits of random-access memor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20C%20class%20%281873%29
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The NZR C class tank locomotives operated on New Zealand's national rail network during its infancy. They are sometimes referred to as the little C class or the original C class to distinguish them from the C class of 1930.
Introduction
With the construction of a national network under Julius Vogel's "Great Public Works" scheme came the requirement of motive power. Train sizes at the time were small and the terrain was difficult, so the C class was ordered, ten from Neilson and Company and six from Dübs and Company. The initial duties were to aid in the construction of lines, where the wheel arrangement of 0-4-0 and the light-weight were a particular asset.
Once main lines were open, the class was utilized to haul general freight and passenger trains, but it was quickly superseded by new locomotives that were larger and more powerful, with greater coal and water capacity. The class was found to be unstable at speeds higher than , and by 1880 all had been converted to 0-4-2 wheel arrangement.
Numbering
The class was numbered between C 1 and C 577. Numbering was often illogical, and locomotives changed numbers multiple times, partly because the railway network consisted of many isolated sections using different numbering schemes. As the class was used all around the country, from the Kumeu-Riverhead Section north of Auckland to the under-construction Seddonville Branch in Westland, they acquired a range of numbers. Sometimes a locomotive on one section would have the same number as a locomotive on another, or when a locomotive was transferred to a new section it received a new number in line with that section's numbering scheme. When standard nationwide numbering was introduced, numbers were modified again.
Withdrawal and preservation
By the start of the 20th century, some of the class, too small for the national network, had been sold to operators of private industrial lines. By the early 1920s, all had been sold, and many were used on industrial lines and bush tramways for many decades. Their small size was a considerable asset, and C 132 survived long enough to be saved for preservation. It operated on the Silver Stream Railway until December 2008 when it was taken out of service for a major overhaul. Another C was recovered in 1993, from where it had been dumped in the Buller Gorge, Westland and is with the Westport Railway Preservation Society, whose goal is to return it to operating condition.
See also
NZR A class (1873)
NZR D class (1874)
NZR P class (1876)
Locomotives of New Zealand
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
C class locomotives of Westport
New Zealand Railways Steam Locomotives - C class
C class (1873)
0-4-0ST locomotives
0-4-2T locomotives
Dübs locomotives
Neilson locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1873
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt%20descriptor%20table
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The interrupt descriptor table (IDT) is a data structure used by the x86 architecture to implement an interrupt vector table. The IDT is used by the processor to determine the correct response to interrupts and exceptions.
The details in the description below apply specifically to the x86 architecture. Other architectures have similar data structures, but may behave differently.
Use of the IDT is triggered by three types of events: hardware interrupts, software interrupts, and processor exceptions, which together are referred to as interrupts. The IDT consists of 256 interrupt vectors–the first 32 (0–31 or 0x00–0x1F) of which are used for processor exceptions.
Real mode
In real mode, the interrupt table is called IVT (interrupt vector table). Up to the 80286, the IVT always resided at the same location in memory, ranging from 0x0000 to 0x03ff, and consisted of 256 far pointers. Hardware interrupts may be mapped to any of the vectors by way of a programmable interrupt controller. On the 80286 and later, the size and locations of the IVT can be changed in the same way as it is done with the IDT (Interrupt descriptor table) in protected mode (i.e., via the LIDT (Load Interrupt Descriptor Table Register) instruction) though it does not change the format of it.
BIOS interrupts
The BIOS provides simple real-mode access to a subset of hardware facilities by registering interrupt handlers. They are invoked as software interrupts with the INT assembly instruction and the parameters are passed via registers. These interrupts are used for various tasks like detecting
the system memory layout, configuring VGA output and modes, and accessing the disk early in the boot process.
Protected and long mode
The IDT is an array of descriptors stored consecutively in memory and indexed by the vector number. It is not necessary to use all of the possible entries: it is sufficient to populate the table up to the highest interrupt vector used, and set the IDT length portion of the accordingly.
The IDTR register is used to store both the linear base address and the limit (length in bytes minus 1) of the IDT. When an interrupt occurs, the processor multiplies the interrupt vector by the entry size (8 for protected mode, 16 for long mode) and adds the result to the IDT base address. If the address is inside the table, the DPL is checked and the interrupt is handled based on the gate type.
The descriptors may be either interrupt gates, trap gates or, for 32-bit protected mode only, task gates. Interrupt and trap gates point to a memory location containing code to execute by specifying both a segment (present in either the GDT or LDT) and an offset within that segment. The only difference between trap and interrupt gates is that interrupt gates will disable further processor handling of maskable hardware interrupts, making them suitable to handle hardware-generated interrupts (conversely, trap gates are useful for handling software interrupts and exceptions). A t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOFN
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WOFN is a non-commercial FM radio station in Canton, Ohio, United States, broadcasting at 88.7 MHz devoted to religious programming. The station is owned by the Oasis Network, and it rebroadcasts the programming of KNYD 90.5 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. WOFN was licensed on November 24, 1997.
External links
OFN
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX8301
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The ZX8301 is an Uncommitted Logic Array (ULA) integrated circuit designed for the Sinclair QL microcomputer. Also known as the "Master Chip", it provides a Video Display Generator, the division of a 15 MHz crystal to provide the 7.5 MHz system clock, ZX8302 register address decoder, DRAM refresh and bus controller. The ZX8301 is IC22 on the QL motherboard.
The Sinclair Research business model had always been to work toward a maximum performance to price ratio (as was evidenced by the keyboard mechanisms in the QL and earlier Sinclair models). Unfortunately, this focus on price and performance often resulted in cost cutting in the design and build of Sinclair's machines. One such cost driven decision (failing to use a hardware buffer integrated circuit (IC) between the IC pins and the external RGB monitor connection) caused the ZX8301 to quickly develop a reputation for being fragile and easy to damage, particularly if the monitor plug was inserted or removed while the QL was powered up. Such action resulted in damage to the video circuitry and almost always required replacement of the ZX8301.
The ZX8301, when subsequently used in the International Computers Limited (ICL) One Per Desk featured hardware buffering, and the chip proved to be much more reliable in this configuration.
See also
Sinclair QL
One Per Desk
List of Sinclair QL clones
References
External links
http://www.worldofspectrum.org/qlfaq/Hardware
Gate arrays
Sinclair Research
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKVX
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WKVX is an AM radio station in Wooster, Ohio, United States, broadcasting at 960 kHz with a classic hits format. it is co-owned with FM station WQKT. Programming comes from Westwood One's Classic Hits/Pop network (formerly Kool Gold).
The station began broadcasting on September 17, 1947 as WWST, originally broadcasting daytime only. It changed to WKVX on September 1, 1988.
Previous logo
(WKVX's logo under previous "Oldies 960" branding)
External links
WQKT - WKVX Facebook
KVX
Classic hits radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1947
1947 establishments in Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%202000%20Today
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ABC 2000 Today was ABC News' special programming covering the new millennium celebrations around the world from December 31, 1999, into January 1, 2000, as part of the 2000 Today programming in the United States. Peter Jennings anchored the 23 hours and 10 minutes of broadcast from Times Square Studios in Manhattan, New York. ABC temporarily converted the Good Morning America marquee broadcast studio into a type of "millennium command center" that included a desk, where a standing Jennings spent most of his time, two lounge chairs, where Jennings would interview guests, a large screen with a time-zone included map of the world, a wall of clocks, and a makeshift newsroom where ABC News staffers would follow the latest developments.
Correspondents and guests
Jack Ford was stationed in Times Square throughout the broadcast, and was also joined by entertainer Dick Clark (the creator and host of his namesake New Year's Rockin' Eve, which did not air due to ABC 2000 Today) as a correspondent to conduct his traditional countdown. Other correspondents were Charles Gibson in London, Diane Sawyer in New York, Barbara Walters in Paris, Sam Donaldson at the Y2K Command Center in Washington, Connie Chung in Las Vegas, Deborah Roberts at Walt Disney World, Morton Dean in Moscow, and literally hundreds of others at ABC News, technicians and newsmen, who worked throughout the day to bring the broadcast. Those hundreds of others included ABC News personalities stationed around the world to cover the new year in every time zone, including Elizabeth Vargas in Sydney, Australia, Cokie Roberts at the Vatican, with her mother Lindy Boggs, the then U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican, Carole Simpson in Chicago, John Quiñones in Miami, and Bob Brown, who narrated many segments consolidating the day's events. Local stations also featured their own coverage during time local breaks, which varied from traditional breaks for local news and weather to full-scale coverage of local countdowns and possible Y2K bug effects (which in ABC and local coverage, eventually became minimal as little to any issues came out of that).
ABC had a total of more than 1,000 members of their news division part of the broadcast. They were all under the direction of ABC's Roger Goodman.
Guests included famed Australian comedian Barry Humphries in character as Dame Edna, David Blane, comedian Al Franken, and longtime ABC anchor Howard K. Smith. Musical performances included the Bee Gees, Neil Diamond, Faith Hill, Enrique Iglesias, Kenny G, Charlotte Church, Billy Joel, Barry Manilow, Bonnie Raitt, *NSYNC, James Taylor, Christina Aguilera (who performed at the MTV studios across the street), Aerosmith, and Phish. Phish's appearance was live via satellite from their Big Cypress festival. The performances by the Bee Gees, Phish, Charlotte Church, and Kenny G were selected to appear in the international 2000 Today program.
Broadcast highlights
Originally, the name of the broadcast was ABC 2000, but i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaming%20computer
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A gaming computer, also known as a gaming PC, is a specialized personal computer designed for playing video games at high standards. Gaming PCs typically differ from mainstream personal computers by using high-performance graphics cards, a high core-count CPU with raw performance and higher-performance RAM. Gaming PCs are also used for other demanding tasks such as video editing.
Gamers and computer enthusiasts may choose to overclock their CPUs and GPUs in order to gain extra performance. The added power draw needed to overclock either processing unit often requires additional cooling, usually by air cooling or water cooling.
65.1 million gaming products have been sold overall as of 2021, of which 27.9 million are gaming notebooks, 19.7 million are gaming monitors, and 17.5 million are gaming desktops.
History
The Nimrod, designed by John Makepeace Bennett, built by Raymond Stuart-Williams and exhibited in the 1951 Festival of Britain, is considered to be the first gaming computer to ever be conceived. Bennett did not intend for it to be a real gaming computer, however, as it was supposed to be an exercise in mathematics as well as to prove computers could "carry out very complex practical problems", not purely for enjoyment.
Few years later, game consoles like the Magnavox Odyssey (released in 1972) and the Atari 2600 (released 1977) were the basis of the future of not just gaming consoles, but gaming computers as well with their increasing popularity with families everywhere. The first "modern" computer was made in 1942, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC for short). Unlike modern desktops and laptops, the ABC was a gargantuan machine that occupied "1,800 square feet… weighing almost 50 tons", . When the Apple II and the Commodore 64 released in 1977 and 1982 respectively, personal computers became more appealing for general consumer use.
The Apple II cost around US$1,298 in 1977 ($5,633 adjusted for inflation in 2021) and the Commodore 64 cost around , making it expensive for most consumers. However, their overall computing power, efficiency, and compact size was more advanced from even the most advanced computers at the time.
Today, many companies and manufacturers offer gaming computers in a variety of configurations. For instance, Dell has their gaming computer division, Alienware, which formed in 1997, HP with their OMEN division, whose lineage dates back to 1991 under the defunct brand VoodooPC, Lenovo with their Legion PCs, Asus with their own TUF and ROG PCs, Acer with their special product lines, and Predator, that coexist with the rest of their line-up, and more other brands. These brands aim for affordability, features, build-quality, performance, or a mixture of these for marketing.
Hardware
The Commodore 64 was the most powerful computer for its time in 1982, featuring an MOS Technology 6510 CPU with 64 kb of RAM. It could display up to "40 columns and 25 lines of text" along with 16 colors on its 320x200 resolution screen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20transformation
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In mathematics, a polynomial transformation consists of computing the polynomial whose roots are a given function of the roots of a polynomial. Polynomial transformations such as Tschirnhaus transformations are often used to simplify the solution of algebraic equations.
Simple examples
Translating the roots
Let
be a polynomial, and
be its complex roots (not necessarily distinct).
For any constant , the polynomial whose roots are
is
If the coefficients of are integers and the constant is a rational number, the coefficients of may be not integers, but the polynomial has integer coefficients and has the same roots as .
A special case is when The resulting polynomial does not have any term in .
Reciprocals of the roots
Let
be a polynomial. The polynomial whose roots are the reciprocals of the roots of as roots is its reciprocal polynomial
Scaling the roots
Let
be a polynomial, and be a non-zero constant. A polynomial whose roots are the product by of the roots of is
The factor appears here because, if and the coefficients of are integers or belong to some integral domain, the same is true for the coefficients of .
In the special case where , all coefficients of are multiple of , and is a monic polynomial, whose coefficients belong to any integral domain containing and the coefficients of . This polynomial transformation is often used to reduce questions on algebraic numbers to questions on algebraic integers.
Combining this with a translation of the roots by , allows to reduce any question on the roots of a polynomial, such as root-finding, to a similar question on a simpler polynomial, which is monic and does not have a term of degree . For examples of this, see Cubic function § Reduction to a depressed cubic or Quartic function § Converting to a depressed quartic.
Transformation by a rational function
All preceding examples are polynomial transformations by a rational function, also called Tschirnhaus transformations. Let
be a rational function, where and are coprime polynomials. The polynomial transformation of a polynomial by is the polynomial (defined up to the product by a non-zero constant) whose roots are the images by of the roots of .
Such a polynomial transformation may be computed as a resultant. In fact, the roots of the desired polynomial are exactly the complex numbers such that there is a complex number such that one has simultaneously (if the coefficients of and are not real or complex numbers, "complex number" has to be replaced by "element of an algebraically closed field containing the coefficients of the input polynomials")
This is exactly the defining property of the resultant
This is generally difficult to compute by hand. However, as most computer algebra systems have a built-in function to compute resultants, it is straightforward to compute it with a computer.
Properties
If the polynomial is irreducible, then either the resulting polynomial is irreducible, or it is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20C%20class%20%281930%29
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The NZR C class consisted of twenty-four steam locomotives built to perform shunting duties on New Zealand's national rail network. It is sometimes known as the big C class to differentiate it from the C class of 1873.
History and construction
In the late 1920s, trainloads were getting heavier as mainline locomotives became more powerful and increasingly capable of pulling larger loads, but the locomotives assembling and shunting these trains in railway yards were struggling to cope with the weight. Some of the older mainline locomotives that had been displaced by the newer locomotives were modified to perform shunting duties, but this was not an adequate solution. The decision was therefore taken by Chief Mechanical Engineer G. S. Lynde to design a new shunting locomotive and a committee was formed to plan the design features of the new locomotives.
The chief designing engineer, R. J. Gard, initially wanted a 0-8-0 tender locomotive. While it was agreed the new locomotive would be a tender engine rather than a tank locomotive as possibly considered, it would also be designed to pull passenger trains as well as work as a heavy shunter. The existing WF class 2-6-4T tank locomotive was to be used as the basis of the new locomotive, which was to be built by NZR at their Hutt Workshops in Wellington and Hillside Workshops in Dunedin.
The C class as built were fitted with superheated boilers with wide fireboxes and developed 30% greater tractive effort than the Canterbury J class 2-6-0s and with a light axle loading to give the same amount of running rights as the U class 4-6-0s. The cab was the same as that fitted to the AB class while there were notable elements of American design in the slope-backed tender and a multiple-valve front-end throttle, and also design elements from W. G. Bagnall, whom Gard had worked for prior to joining the NZR in 1926. Twenty-four locomotives were built at Hutt and Hillside, a total of 12 each, starting in October 1930 with C 845 and ending in November 1931 with C 868.
Service
The C class were placed into service initially in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch although some locomotives did spend short periods of time in Dunedin following overhaul at Hillside Workshops or as a short-term allocation following their completion. It was found that while the C class were extremely capable, the locomotives were insufficiently heavy enough to move some of the larger trains being shunted. This led to the conversion of the BB class 4-8-0s to shunting and branch line service in order to replace the C class on these heavier duties.
During their service life, the C class occasionally handled suburban trains with the Wellington-based examples doing so at times over the Hutt Valley line. The Auckland-based locomotives tended to do so only on the Onehunga Branch, while the Christchurch-based locomotives did so infrequently. It was not unknown for the Christchurch-based examples of the C class to work further afield and member
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MILO%20%28bootloader%29
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In computing, a MILO, or the Alpha Linux Mini Loader, is a firmware replacement for early Alpha AXP hardware that allows the system to boot the Alpha version of the Linux operating system. It is capable of running Linux device drivers and reads available filesystems rather than looking for boot blocks. Newer Alpha hardware uses aboot.
References
External links
MILO HOWTO at the Linux Documentation Project
the AlphaLinux.org homepage
Linux/MIPS
Free boot loaders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPXE-TV
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WPXE-TV (channel 55) is a television station licensed to Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the Milwaukee area. It is owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company alongside NBC affiliate WTMJ-TV (channel 4), with engineering and some master control operations run out of WTMJ-TV's Radio City facility on East Capitol Drive in Milwaukee. WPXE's transmitter is located on the WITI TV Tower on East Capitol Drive in Shorewood, Wisconsin.
History
The station first signed on the air on June 1, 1988, as WHKE (for "World Harvest Kenosha Evangelism"), operating as a religious station; it was originally owned by LeSEA Broadcasting. The station's original transmitter was located in Kenosha, just north of the Illinois–Wisconsin state line (the tower is remains in use for the transmitter of radio station WWDV, 96.9 FM). Paxson Communications purchased the station in 1995 and turned it into an all-infomercial format as part of the Infomall TV Network (inTV), though it also aired the daily greyhound racing recap program from Kenosha's Dairyland Greyhound Park for many years after WVTV (channel 18) stopped carrying that show in 1996, which met the station's local programming requirements.
In the late 1990s after its purchase by Paxson, the station moved its transmitter to a tower in northern Racine County (near I-94) which was shared with WEZY (92.1 FM; now WVTY, which continues to use the tower). Despite the reason for the transmitter move being to serve more of the Milwaukee market, the southerly tower location from the traditional northeast side tower farm operated at a lower power, mainly to keep the channel 55 allocation open for an eventual new station in Wausau (which would eventually be given to Wittenberg-licensed WFXS-DT in 1999), limited the station's coverage area in southeastern Wisconsin; this caused the station to not be available in Fond du Lac and Sheboygan counties, except through cable. The station became a charter affiliate of Pax TV (now Ion) when it launched on August 31, 1998, at which time it changed its call letters to WPXE-TV.
At times during summer due to tropospheric propagation in the analog era, WHKE/WPXE would receive heavy interference a few times and even have its signal overwhelmed by that of another distant station on channel 55, WBNX-TV from Cleveland, which broadcast at a stronger power and had its signal brought over Lake Michigan into Wisconsin due to Lake Erie's heavy "trop effect" amplifying their signal across northern Indiana and lower Michigan.
Until 2021, the station's studios were located on North Flint Road, straddling the city line between Milwaukee and Glendale, and the same facility was also the studio for WTPX-TV, the Ion station in the Wausau market. In October of that year with the 2019 repeal of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s Main Studio Rule, Ion Media officially registered its studio facility (along with most Ion-owne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20language%20theory
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Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including mathematics, software engineering, and linguistics. There are a number of academic conferences and journals in the area.
History
In some ways, the history of programming language theory predates even the development of programming languages themselves. The lambda calculus, developed by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s, is considered by some to be the world's first programming language, even though it was intended to model computation rather than being a means for programmers to describe algorithms to a computer system. Many modern functional programming languages have been described as providing a "thin veneer" over the lambda calculus, and many are easily described in terms of it.
The first programming language to be invented was Plankalkül, which was designed by Konrad Zuse in the 1940s, but not publicly known until 1972 (and not implemented until 1998). The first widely known and successful high-level programming language was Fortran, developed from 1954 to 1957 by a team of IBM researchers led by John Backus. The success of FORTRAN led to the formation of a committee of scientists to develop a "universal" computer language; the result of their effort was ALGOL 58. Separately, John McCarthy of MIT developed Lisp, the first language with origins in academia to be successful. With the success of these initial efforts, programming languages became an active topic of research in the 1960s and beyond.
Timeline
Some other key events in the history of programming language theory since then:
1950s
Noam Chomsky developed the Chomsky hierarchy in the field of linguistics, a discovery which has directly impacted programming language theory and other branches of computer science.
1960s
The Simula language was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard; it is widely considered to be the first example of an object-oriented programming language; Simula also introduced the concept of coroutines.
In 1964, Peter Landin is the first to realize Church's lambda calculus can be used to model programming languages. He introduces the SECD machine which "interprets" lambda expressions.
In 1965, Landin introduces the J operator, essentially a form of continuation.
In 1966, Landin introduces ISWIM, an abstract computer programming language in his article The Next 700 Programming Languages. It is influential in the design of languages leading to the Haskell programming language.
In 1966, Corrado Böhm introduced the programming language CUCH (Curry-Church).
In 1967, Christopher Strachey publishes his influential set of lecture notes Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages, introducing the terminology R-values, L-values, parametric polymorphism, and a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20function%20interface
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A foreign function interface (FFI) is a mechanism by which a program written in one programming language can call routines or make use of services written or compiled in another one. An FFI is often used in contexts where calls are made into binary dynamic-link library.
Naming
The term comes from the specification for Common Lisp, which explicitly refers to the programming language feature enabling for inter-language calls as such; the term is also often used officially by the Haskell, Rust, PHP, Python, and LuaJIT (Lua) interpreter and compiler documentations. Other languages use other terminology: the Ada programming language talks about "language bindings", while Java refers to its FFI as the JNI (Java Native Interface) or JNA (Java Native Access). Foreign function interface has become generic terminology for mechanisms which provide such services.
Operation
The primary function of a foreign function interface is to mate the semantics and calling conventions of one programming language (the host language, or the language which defines the FFI), with the semantics and conventions of another (the guest language). This process must also take into consideration the runtime environments and/or application binary interfaces of both. This can be done in several ways:
Requiring that guest-language functions which are to be host-language callable be specified or implemented in a particular way, often using a compatibility library of some sort.
Use of a tool to automatically "wrap" guest-language functions with appropriate glue code, which performs any necessary translation.
Use of wrapper libraries
Restricting the set of host language capabilities which can be used cross-language. For example, C++ functions called from C may not (in general) include reference parameters or throw exceptions.
FFIs may be complicated by the following considerations:
If one language supports garbage collection (GC) and the other does not; care must be taken that the non-GC language code does nothing to cause GC in the other to fail. In JNI, for example, C code which "holds on to" object references that it receives from Java must "register" this fact with the Java runtime environment (JRE); otherwise, Java may delete objects before C has finished with them. (The C code must also explicitly release its link to any such object once C has no further need of that object.)
Complicated or non-trivial objects or datatypes may be difficult to map from one environment to another.
It may not be possible for both languages to maintain references to the same instance of a mutable object, due to the mapping issue above.
One or both languages may be running on a virtual machine (VM); moreover, if both are, these will probably be different VMs.
Cross-language inheritance and other differences, such as between type systems or between object-composition models, may be especially difficult.
Examples of FFIs include:
Ada language bindings, allowing not only to call fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RhymeZone
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RhymeZone is a website and app, owned and operated by Datamuse, created as an online dictionary in 1996 to allow users to search for rhymes, synonyms and definitions.
History
RhymeZone has two websites, one for the Spanish language and one for the English language. The Spanish website is named rimar.io (or Rhyme.io when translated to English), while the English website is named rhymezone.com. Rhymezone also has an app for iOS, Android, and Amazon Alexa. In Google Docs, Rhymezone has its own add-on called OneLook Thesaurus.
Notable users
During a 2011 Reddit AMA, American musical comedian Bo Burnham mentioned RhymeZone when asked if he uses any websites to help him write lyrics.
Comedian Stephen Colbert wrote the following lyrics: "If you’re going to run in Texas, you can’t be a liberal man / Maybe that kind of thing would fly up way up in Spokane / Sometimes I’ll eat a pecan, with my friend Tarzan / Do you see how easy it was, not to rhyme man with man? / Finding good rhymes can be tough, on that we are agreed / I recommend rhymezone.com, they’ve got the rhymes you need / And sometimes lines don’t have to rhyme, they can end in different sounds / Just don’t rhyme a word with the same word, also Ted Cruz sucks."
References
External links
Internet properties established in 1996
Online dictionaries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBN%20Asia
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CBN Asia or Christian Broadcasting Networks Asia, is a non-stock, nonprofit corporation established in the Philippines and Hong Kong on October 1, 1994. Its vision, mission, and ministries are inspired by those of the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), founded in the United States by televangelist Pat Robertson in 1961 and now one of the world's largest mass media Christian television organizations.
Strategy
CBN Asia undertakes several ministries in reaching Asian nations with the Gospel. Its major thrust is through The 700 Club Asia, a locally produced weeknight television program, as well as other TV specials that are viewed nationwide and in other countries around the world. Its ministries include the humanitarian aid foundation called Operation Blessing Foundation. The Asian Center for Missions enables reaching different people groups in Asia through the deployment of Asian cross-cultural missionaries.
ACM's missionary strategy is to train and deploy Asians as church-planting teams utilizing community development and other holistic ministries to reach the unevangelized.
Asian center for missions
The Asian Center for Missions was formed in response to Christ's call to "go and make disciples of all nations . . ." (Matthew 28:19). It is not exclusively a CBN Asia project but an Asia-wide network for spreading the Gospel, comprising the following ministries: Philippines for Jesus Movement (PJM), the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches (PCEC), the Asian Seminary of Christian Ministries (ASCM), the International Bible Society and other Asian church and fellowship groups.
Operation blessing foundation
Operation Blessing Foundation Philippines, Inc. (OB) is a non-profit humanitarian aid foundation that provides short-term medical, disaster relief, feeding, and community development assistance to economically disadvantaged people in the Philippines and Asia. OB is committed to responding with appropriate resources to people in dire need by mobilizing volunteer medical teams, logistics, and other trained emergency relief personnel to handle the procurement, transportation, and distribution of food, clothing, medical, and other supplies. OB continues to enhance its capacity to provide community assistance programs to serve as many people as possible.
Structure
OB works with the appropriate government agencies, such as the Department of Health and the Department of Social Welfare and Development , and with non-government organizations in the target localities. It is duly registered with the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Department of Social Welfare and Development as a donee institution.
Background
OB is the Asian counterpart of the US-based Operation Blessing International. Since 1994, OB humanitarian missions have expanded their reach from areas all over the Philippines to other Asian countries like China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Taiwan. In 1996, OB officially became the humanitarian arm of CBN Asia, Inc., which was founded
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%20Communications%20Company
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Orbit Communications Company was a privately owned Pay TV network, operating in Bahrain. Owned by Saudi Arabiabased Mawarid Holding (via Digital Media Systems), it was the first fully digital, multi-channel, multi-lingual, pay television service in the Middle East and North Africa and was also the world's first fully end to end digital TV network. Launched in 1994, it was originally situated in Tor Sapienza, Rome, Italy as the location was considered entirely suitable to build a satellite farm. Orbit employed around 600 employees who were largely a combination of British and Italian staff with several Arabic speaking nations also represented. Orbit broadcast in several languages around the world including English, Arabic, French and Filipino.
Some of Orbit's Arabic channels including Bahrain TV, Al Safwa, Fann, Al Yawm, Cinema 1, Cinema 2, Mousalsalat and Mousalsalat +2 are available throughout North and South America through myTV (Arabic).
In 2009, the company merged with Showtime Arabia to form OSN, which is currently the biggest pay-TV provider in the MENA region.
Technology
Orbit had launched four multi-function interactive decoders:
XD 200-Humax
XD 200-Technosat
XD 300-Philips
XD 400-Humax (PVR - Personal Video Recorder)
This allowed the following features:
2-level parental control (Channel & Rating).
7-day bilingual electronic program guide.
22 radio channels of music & news & entertainment.
Arabic subtitles & multi-lingual audio on selected channels.
Channel lineup
Promotional:
Marhaba TV (it's closed)
TVMAX Promo (it's closed)
Orbit Promotional Channel (before Marhaba TV) (it's closed)
Orbit Express Shop (it's closed)
Osn Promotional Channel
Movies:
Arabic Movies:
ART Aflam 1 (it's closed)
ART Aflam 2 (it's closed)
ART Cinema (it's closed)
Cinema 1 (before Al Oula)
Cinema 2
English Movies:
Star Movies (it's closed)
Super Movies (it's closed)
Super Movies +1 (it's closed)
Super Movies +2 (it's closed)
Cinema City (it's closed)
Cinema City +1 (it's closed)
Cinema City +2 (it's closed)
MGM (it's closed)
Xtra Movies (it's closed)
Xtra Movies +2 (it's closed)
Cine TV (it's closed)
Film World (it's closed)
Turner Classic Movies (it's closed)
MBC 2
MBC Max
MBC Action
Rotana Cinema
Rotana Comedy
Rotana Classic
Sports:
Edge Sport
Bahrain Sports 1
Bahrain Sports 2
KSA Sports 1
KSA Sports 2
Al Riyadiyah 1 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 2 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 3 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 4 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 5 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 6 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 7 (it's closed)
Al Riyadiyah 8 (it's closed)
Abu Dhabi Sports 1
Abu Dhabi Sports 2
Abu Dhabi Sports 3
Abu Dhabi Sports 4
Orbit ESPN (it's closed)
Orbit Sports (it's closed)
Orbit Sports 1 (it's closed)
Orbit Sports 2 (it's closed)
Orbit Sports 3 (it's closed)
Orbit Sports 4 (it's closed)
Orbit Sports 5 (it's closed)
BeIN Sports
BeIN Sports News
BeIN Sports NBA
BeIN Sports Premium
Kids and Documen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads%20in%20India
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Roads in India are an important mode of transport in India. India has a network of over of roads (). This is the second-largest road network in the world, after the United States. At () of roads per square kilometre of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is equal to that of Hong Kong, and substantially higher than the United States (), China (), Brazil () and Russia (). Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately of roads per 1,000 people, which is much lower than United States but higher than that of China . India's road network carries over 71% of its freight and about 85% of passenger traffic.
Since the 1990s, major efforts have been underway to modernize the country's road infrastructure. As of 31 March 2020, 70.00% of Indian roads were paved. As of 31st December 2023, India had completed and placed into use over of four or more lane highways connecting many of its major manufacturing, commercial and cultural centres. According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, as of March 2021, India had about of national highways and expressways, plus another of state highways. Major projects are being implemented under the Bharatmala, a Government of India initiative. Private builders and highway operators are also implementing major projects.
Organization
The Indian road network is administered by various government authorities, given India's federal form of government. The following table shows the total length of India's road network by type of road and administering authority
History
The first evidence of road development in the Indian subcontinent can be traced back to approximately around 2800 BC in the ancient cities of Harrapa and Mohenjodaro of the Indus Valley civilization. Ruling emperors and monarchs of ancient and medieval India continued to construct roads to connect the cities. The existing Grand Trunk Road was re-built by the Mauryan Empire, and further rebuilt by subsequent entities such as the Sur Empire, the Mughal Empire and the British Empire.
In the 1830s, the British East India Company started a programme of metalled road construction ( gravel road), for both commercial and administrative purposes. The Grand Trunk Road – from Calcutta, through Delhi to Peshawar – was rebuilt at a cost of £1,000 per mile; roads from Bombay to Pune, Bombay to Agra and Bombay to Madras were constructed; and a Public Works Department and the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee were founded, to train and employ local surveyors, engineers and overseers, to perform the work, and to maintain the roads. This programme resulted in an estimated of metalled roads being constructed by the 1850s.
In December 1934, the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) was formed, on the recommendations of the Indian Road Development Committee (Jayakar Committee) of the Government of India. In 1943, they proposed a twenty-year plan to increase the road network from to by 1963, to achieve a road density of 16 km per 100 k
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20Computer%2040
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The Compact Computer 40 or CC-40 is a portable computer developed by Texas Instruments. It started development in 1981, and was released in March 1983 for US$249. The CC-40 has a single-line 31 character LCD display, weighs , and is powered by an AC adapter or can operate for 200 hours on four AA batteries. Memory is not erased by turning the unit off; it can retain data for several months. The CC-40 lacks a way to store data more permanently. Software was only available on cartridge or by typing programs into its built-in BASIC interpreter. The BASIC interpreter is similar but not identical to that of the TI-99/4A.
The CC-40 uses TI's TMS70C20 CPU, an 8-bit microprocessor that runs at 2.5 MHz. The system has 6 kilobytes of Random Access Memory (expandable to 18 KB),and 34 KB of Read Only Memory. Peripherals can be connected via a Hexbus port: an 80 column printer, printer/plotter, RS-232 interface, and modem. A licensed version of the Exatron Stringy Floppy as a digital "Wafertape" unit depicted on the computer's box was only released as a prototype, reportedly because it proved too unreliable.
Development
The Compact Computer 40 was developed under the internal codename "Lonestar".
Reception
BYTE heavily criticized the CC-40, noting that "there's no clock. No file system. Only one BASIC program at a time can reside in memory, and the user can only work with about 5200 bytes of that. And the keyboard is vile". It also noted the lack of any external storage because the TI Wafertape drive was not available, and the complete lack of software. The review suggested that the computer should be considered a "dandy scientific calculator" since good programmable calculators cost about the same as the CC-40's price, but that otherwise "virtually all of its competition vastly outstrips it in power and features", including the TI-99/4A.
In a review for Creative Computing, Joe Devlin wrote, "The permanent memory and powerful Basic exceed the capabilities found in most hand-held computers." He recommended it as a convenient tool for learning BASIC or for someone who frequently does calculations with formulas.
In 1983, MicroKids magazine included the CC-40 on a list of "Top 10 Great Gift Ideas."
Legacy
The Hex-Bus interface was also available for the TI-99/4A as an unreleased prototype expansion peripheral. It was built into the prototypes of the cancelled TI-99/2 and TI-99/8 computers.
An improved model, the CC-40 Plus, was in the final stages of development and included a cassette port. The project was canceled when Texas Instruments discontinued the 99/4A and exited the home computer market. Most of the architecture of the CC-40 Plus was reused in the Texas Instruments TI-74. The TI-74 changed the physical footprint of the Hexbus port and rename it Dockbus. Old Hexbus peripherals could even be used on the TI-74 with an adapter.
Also in development was the Compact Computer 70 (codenamed "Superstar"). The CC-70 was to have four cartridge ports, m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Little%203%3A%20Call%20of%20the%20Wild
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Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild is a 2005 American computer-animated adventure comedy film directed by Audu Paden, distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. It was released on DVD in other countries in 2005, until it was eventually released in North America on February 21, 2006. It is the third installment in the Stuart Little trilogy.
In the film, Stuart and his family spend their summer vacation in a cabin near Lake Garland. During the vacation, Stuart befriends a smooth-talking anthropomorphic skunk named Reeko, and the family cat Snowbell is taken by a mysterious beast. Michael J. Fox, Geena Davis and Hugh Laurie reprise their roles as Stuart Little, Eleanor Little and Frederick Little, while Snowbell, George and Monty are now voiced by Kevin Schon, Corey Padnos and Rino Romano (replacing Nathan Lane, Jonathan Lipnicki and Steve Zahn who previously portrayed and voiced them in the live-action films.)
Unlike its predecessors, Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild is fully computer animated. It is also the only film in the series to not have a theatrical release, instead being released direct to video. Unlike the first two films, Call of the Wild received generally negative reviews.
Plot
Four months after the events of the second film, Stuart, Snowbell, and the Littles leave New York City to go on a summer camping trip near Lake Garland in the countryside. Stuart expresses interest in joining a group called the Lake Scouts to his parents, but is rebuffed by his mother Eleanor, who soon changes her mind once being informed by Frederick that he will watch over him. Upon arriving, George becomes infatuated with a girl named Brooke, who introduces him and Stuart to the Lake Scouts, led by their leader Troopmaster Bickle, along with Frederick, who works out an assistant position with him. Brooke also gives them information about "The Beast", a supposed wild animal in the forest surrounding Lake Garland that is said to be extremely fearsome, savage and powerful while claiming that its favorite prey is cats. Upon hearing this, Snowbell becomes frightened and is determined to avoid the Beast at all costs.
Stuart and George join the Scouts. However, Stuart fails the skill assessment test, where the Scouts have to row canoes from the dock to shore, after his canoe is punctured by a fish, thus meaning no gold kerchief for him. Elsewhere, Reeko, a smooth-talking anthropomorphic skunk who is generally disliked by the local fauna of Lake Garland, is on a mission to give food to the Beast, who serves as his master and is revealed to be a ruthless female puma who strikes fear into the forest animals and forces them to give her food. Unfortunately one night, Reeko shows up without any tribute and brings his way out with a promise of bringing double his quota next time.
During a hike the next day, George is shown to be skilled at scouting, but Stuart has trouble keeping up due to his small stature and ends up lost. Along the way, he comes across Reek
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Bird%20%28software%20developer%29
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Ian Bird is a game programmer and game designer. Along with other game credits, Bird wrote the computer games Millennium 2.2 and Deuteros.
Games
Theatre Europe (1985)
Millennium 2.2 (1989)
Deuteros: The Next Millennium (1991)
Campaign II (1993)
Millennia: Altered Destinies (1995)
WarGames (1998)
Chicken Run (2000)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Pac-Man World 3 (2003)
References
External links
https://paleotronic.com/2019/04/30/surviving-on-the-moon-in-millennium-2-2/
https://www.dixiak.com/deuteros/
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Video game programmers
British computer programmers
British video game designers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yet%20Another%20Perl%20Conference
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Yet Another Perl Conference (YAPC), from 2016–2019 called The Perl Conference (TPC), from 2020 on The Perl and Raku Conference, is a series of conferences discussing the Perl programming language, usually organized under the auspices of The Perl Foundation and Yet Another Society, a "non-profit corporation for the advancement of collaborative efforts in computer and information sciences". The name is an homage to yacc, "Yet Another Compiler Compiler".
The first YAPC was held at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US on June 24 and June 25, 1999. Organizer Kevin Lenzo assembled 31 different speakers into the schedule on various Perl-related topics. The idea of a low-cost Perl conference quickly spread with a European version of YAPC established in 2000, Israel in 2003, Australia in 2004, Asia and Brazil in 2005, and Russia in 2008. The only continents never to have hosted a YAPC are Africa and Antarctica.
In 2016, YAPC rebranded itself as The Perl Conference, which is the former name of O'Reilly Open Source Convention (OSCON). As of 2020, it is now calling itself The Perl and Raku Conference to reflect the renaming of Perl 6 to Raku.
Locations
North America
1999: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (June 24 – June 25, 1999) YAPC::NA 1999
2000: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (June 21 – June 23, 2000) YAPC::NA 19100
2001: Montréal, Québec, Canada (June 13 – June 15, 2001) YAPC::NA 2001
2002: Saint Louis, Missouri, USA (June 26 – June 28, 2002) YAPC::NA 2002
2003: Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (May 15 – May 16, 2003) (held as YAPC::Canada) YAPC::Canada
2003: America: Boca Raton, Florida, USA (June 16 – June 18, 2003) YAPC::NA 2003
2004: Buffalo, New York, USA (June 16 – June 18, 2004) YAPC::NA 2004
2005: Toronto, Ontario, Canada (June 27 – June 29, 2005) YAPC::NA 2005
2006: Chicago, Illinois, USA (June 26 – June 30, 2006) 2006) YAPC::NA 2006
2007: Houston, Texas, USA (June 25 – June 27, 2007) YAPC::NA 2007
2008: Chicago, Illinois, USA (June 16 – June 18, 2008) YAPC::NA 2008
2009: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (June 22 – June 24, 2009) YAPC::NA 2009
2010: Columbus, Ohio, USA (June 21 – June 23, 2010) YAPC::NA 2010
2011: Asheville, North Carolina, USA (June 27 – June 30, 2011) YAPC::NA 2011
2012: Madison, Wisconsin, USA (June 13 – June 15, 2012) YAPC::NA 2012
2013: Austin, Texas, USA (June 3 – June 5, 2013) YAPC::NA 2013
2014: Orlando, Florida, USA (June 23 – June 25, 2014) YAPC::NA 2014
2015: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (June 8 – June 10, 2015) YAPC::NA 2015
2016: Orlando, Florida, USA (June 20 – June 22, 2016) YAPC::NA 2016
2017: Alexandria, Virginia, USA (June 18 – June 23, 2017) The Perl Conference in DC
2018: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (June 17 – June 22, 2018) The Perl Conference in Salt Lake City
2019: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (June 16 – June 21, 2019) The Perl Conference in Pittsburgh
2020: Online (due to COVID-19) (Wednesday 24th to Friday 26th 2020) Perl and Raku 'Conference in the Cloud'
Repla
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puggsy
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Puggsy is a 1993 puzzle-platform game developed by Traveller's Tales and released by Psygnosis on the Mega Drive and Mega-CD consoles, as well as the Amiga home computer. Puggsy is the name of the title character, an orange space hopper–like alien who landed his spaceship on The Planet, intending to return home until his spaceship was stolen by the raccoon natives of the planet.
Gameplay
The gameplay is mostly a cross between a normal platform game, with the usual style of platformer enemies and a variety of means to kill them, and a puzzle game of sorts where Puggsy is often required to find objects, and either carry them to a specific location or somehow use them in order to complete levels. There are also a variety of objects that have power-up effects, such as allowing Puggsy to be hit once or twice without dying, speeding him up or making him temporarily invincible, and objects that while not necessary, can be temporarily helpful, such as a variety of guns (most of which have limited ammunition which can often not be refilled).
Objects react on a clever physics based system, which was an innovative feature at the time. The system allows objects to be thrown, or to topple if stacked without care. Each object also has a different weight. Another effect of this is that Puggsy can carry stacks of objects along a flat surface, but a slope will often cause all items except the bottom one (held by Puggsy) to topple and scatter. Also, any objects carried out of the level exits give different score values, or in the case of the heart object, an extra life. Other objects are extremely varied, including shells, weights, matches, keys, balloons, cups, barrels, clue-giving chests, knives, and candles.
The game features 57 levels in a variety of settings (16 of those levels being secret) and 6 boss characters (9 boss characters in the Mega-CD version), although not all levels and bosses have to be finished to complete the game, and 5 training levels, accessed from the "Junior" option on the title screen. Also, while the player can just play through the game normally and reach the normal ending, a few secret "endings" (cinematic sequences that can only be terminated by resetting the console, or that reset the game themselves) are available by achieving certain goals, such as leaving one secret level with blocks that spelt out the word "HEROS", playing all 51 normal levels (6 of the secret levels are only accessible via a special password, and are not counted towards the normal level total), or playing through the 6 previously mentioned special secret levels. The password to obtain these levels had to be obtained by evaluating three math expressions that appeared during the credits, where they are called "a silly maths equation". In the "HEROS" ending, the player is congratulated for finding the ending, and then asked, "...but are you good at maths?".
Development
The Puggsy character originally appeared in an Amiga demo in 1990 named Puggs in Space,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock%20Holmes%3A%20Consulting%20Detective%20Vol.%20II
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Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. II is the title of a full motion video computer game released for the Mega-CD, TurboGrafx-CD, Mac OS, VIS and DOS. The game is based around the adventures of the titular character, detective Sherlock Holmes, and his assistant, Dr. John Watson
The game is a sequel to Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective, and was released in 1992.
Cases
The format of the game is the same as the first, except that there are three new and unrelated cases to solve.
The Two Lions
This investigation takes place on 17 August 1888. Holmes receives a mysterious note on his door leading him and Watson to investigate the death of two lions who were part of a traveling animal show. At the same time a mysterious death is discovered that might tie the two cases together.
The Pilfered Paintings
This case is set on 22 January 1891. A pair of paintings, from a recently famed artist known as DeKuyper, are stolen from the National Gallery just days before they were to be revealed to the public in an art show. The unusual circumstances in which the paintings were originally acquired by the gallery only deepen the mystery.
The Murdered Munitions Magnate
This case takes place on 20 March 1888. Courtney Allen, a wealthy industrialist of a gun factory, is murdered in an alley just outside his office. Scotland Yard believes it was a robbery as certain valuable contents that Allen had on him were also stolen. As Holmes and Watson investigate, they learn of a secret government project that Allen's company was involved in and its possible connection to the crime.
Reception
Computer Gaming World liked the interface and the improved quality of the video clips, but criticized the game's short length (recommending five cases, not three) and lack of background music. While warning gamers that it was not a Sierra- or LucasArts-like point and click adventure, the magazine concluded that Sherlock Holmes would "provide several captivating hours of armchair investigation".
Sequel
A sequel, Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. III, was released in 1993.
References
External links
1992 video games
Adventure games
DOS games
Detective video games
Classic Mac OS games
Full motion video based games
ICOM Simulations games
Sega CD games
Consulting Detective 2
TurboGrafx-CD games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in London
Single-player video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP%20game
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The ESP game (extrasensory perception game) is a human-based computation game developed to address the problem of creating difficult metadata. The idea behind the game is to use the computational power of humans to perform a task that computers cannot (originally, image recognition) by packaging the task as a game. It was originally conceived by Luis von Ahn of Carnegie Mellon University. Google bought a license to create its own version of the game (Google Image Labeler) in 2006 in order to return better search results for its online images. The license of the data acquired by Ahn's ESP game, or the Google version, is not clear. Google's version was shut down on September 16, 2011, as part of the Google Labs closure in September 2011.
Concept
Image recognition was historically a task that was difficult for computers to perform independently. Humans are perfectly capable of it, but are not necessarily willing. By making the recognition task a "game", people are more likely to participate. When questioned about how much they enjoyed playing the game, collected data from users was extremely positive.
The applications and uses of having so many labeled images are significant; for example, more accurate image searching and accessibility for visually impaired users, by reading out an image's labels. Partnering two people to label images makes it more likely that entered words will be accurate. Since the only thing the two partners have in common is that they both see the same image, they must enter reasonable labels to have any chance of agreeing on one.
The ESP Game as it is currently implemented encourages players to assign "obvious" labels, which are most likely to lead to an agreement with the partner. But these labels can often be deduced from the labels already present using an appropriate language model and such labels therefore add only little information to the system. A Microsoft research project assigns probabilities to the next label to be added. This model is then used in a program, which plays the ESP game without looking at the image.
ESP game authors presented evidence that the labels produced using the game were indeed useful descriptions of the images. The results of searching for randomly chosen keywords were presented and show that the proportion of appropriate images when searching using the labels generated by the game is extremely high. Further evaluation was achieved by comparing the labels generated using the game to labels generated by participants that were asked to describe the images.
Rules of the game
Once logged in, a user is automatically matched with a random partner. The partners do not know each other's identity and they cannot communicate. Once matched, they will both be shown the same image. Their task is to agree on a word that would be an appropriate label for the image. They both enter possible words, and once a word is entered by both partners (not necessarily at the same time), that word is agreed upon,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Vischer
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Phillip Roger Vischer (born June 16, 1966) is an American filmmaker, animator, author, puppeteer, and voice actor. He is the creator of the computer-animated video series VeggieTales alongside Mike Nawrocki. He provided the voice of Bob the Tomato and about half of the other characters in the series. Currently, he owns a small film business, Jellyfish Labs, based in Wheaton, Illinois.
Early life and education
Phil Vischer was born June 16, 1966, in Muscatine, Iowa, United States, and grew up in Chicago, Illinois. For three semesters, Vischer attended St. Paul Bible College (currently known as Crown College); around that time, he also worked at a small Christian video production company.
Career
According to Vischer's autobiography, Me Myself and Bob, Vischer and his longtime friend Mike Nawrocki founded Big Idea Productions in the late 1980s as GRAFx Studios. It started out as a small business that used computer animation to make its films. Eventually, Phil Vischer and Nawrocki created VeggieTales and renamed the company to Big Idea Productions. The "Big Idea" for Vischer, was to teach children about right-from-wrong using God's messages from the Bible. The characters they came up with were Bob the Tomato and Larry the Cucumber. They chose vegetables to serve as the characters because they were easier to animate than human characters. A normal segment of VeggieTales would begin with both talking vegetables on a countertop receiving a letter from someone asking about a particular Christian topic (selfishness, fear, lying, sharing, etcetera) followed by two short stories about the topic. In the middle of the segment would be a silly song. Not only would Vischer and Nawrocki serve as the producers and directors of the show, but they would also voice most of the characters in the franchise (the most by Vischer).
The studio's first big creation was 1993 direct-to-video VeggieTales episode "Where's God When I'm S-Scared?" which was released on home video in late 1993. Big Idea's next video was "God Wants Me To Forgive Them?!?" which was released in 1994 and included the help of their first professional voice actor Jeff Morrow. In 1995, the series' third video, "Are You My Neighbor?", was released and VeggieTales continued releasing at least one video per year and even released their own newsletter called "What's the Big Idea?". The series was an enormous hit and, by the late-1990s, had earned the company millions of dollars every year.
By 1999, Vischer slowly found himself running a company that was losing money due to a variety of circumstances. Their series continued being a hit in the market, but Vischer's decision to take out a loan and produce their first full-length film, Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie, caused the company to slowly fall apart financially. To make things worse, Big Idea's termination of their association with their long-time distributor Lyrick Studios (the company behind Barney & Friends and Wishbone), caused Lyrick's parent compan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20News%20Live
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[[Image:foxrealtime.png|thumb|260px|Fox Real Time logo on Fox News]]Fox News Live is an American news-talk television program, the hard-news daytime programming of the Fox News Channel. It also referred to the short headline segments of nearly every hour on Fox News.
About
The show featured news, guest analysis, and interviews. Like other American cable news stations, there is news mixed with feature-like stories, as well as commentary and short debates between people on opposite sides of issues, usually between associates of candidates and officials, think-tank members, and journalists.
The headline segments, shown during every non–hard news hour throughout the day, were usually two-to-three-minute recaps of the news of the day, unique to Fox News Channel with an added timestamp on the intro graphic.
Supplementing headline updates, FNC introduced a fast-paced version of these headline updates in 2006, called "Fox Real Time," which appeared during live news coverage, typically only being one-minute in length. After the first year of their introduction, their appearances greatly diminished, and eventually only appeared during hours of Weekend LiveSince the network originally started the continuous hours of Fox News Live in the morning, they have slowly shifted away from the setup, replacing the 3:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. hours of the programming with Studio B in 2002, and DaySide in 2003 respectively. In 2006, DaySide was then replaced with The Live Desk due to Mike Jerrick and Juliet Huddy (the then hosts of DaySide) leaving the network to host the syndicated morning talk program, The Morning Show. In 2007, the shift continued with the replacement of the first two hours with America's Newsroom. In November 2007, with the addition of Happening Now and America's Pulse to the weekday lineup all weekday airings of Fox News Live have been discontinued. However, the Fox News Live format continues with America's Election HQ and later after election, America's News HQ, which airs on all FNL slots at the weekend. On March 5, 2021, it was announced that America's News HQ was renamed "Fox News Live."
Anchors
Show Anchors
Eric Shawn, 2009—present
Arthel Neville, 2010—present
Molly Line, 2016—present
Alicia Acuna, 2017–present
Gillian Turner, 2017—present
Griff Jenkins, 2020—present
Jacqui Heinrich, 2021—present
Mike Emanuel, 2021—present
Aishah Hasnie, 2022—present
Bryan Llenas, 2023–present
Bill Melugin, 2023—present
Headline Segment Anchors
Anita Vogel, 2001—present
Ashley Strohmier, 2020–present
Jackie Ibañez, 2014—present
Jon Scott, 2018—present
Jonathan Hunt, 2002—present
Kevin Corke, 2014—present
Marianne Rafferty, 2006–present
Run Times
Saturday
12PM EST --- 2PM EST: Griff Jenkins, Rotating Anchors
2PM EST --- 3PM EST: Arthel Neville, Eric Shawn
4PM EST --- 5PM EST: Arthel Neville, Eric Shawn
Sunday
12PM EST --- 1PM EST: Arthel Neville, Eric Shawn
1PM EST --- 2PM EST: Mike Emanuel
4PM EST --- 5PM EST: Arthel Neville, Eric S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9I
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9I or 9-I may refer to:
Alliance Air (airline IATA designator code)
9i, software release of Oracle Database
See also
I9 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillbay
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{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "ROCEEH/Still Bay.map"
}
The Stillbay (also Still bay) industry was named by archaeologists A. J. H. Goodwin and C. van Riet Lowe in 1929, and is a Middle Stone Age stone tool manufacturing style after the site of Stilbaai (also called Still Bay) in South Africa where it was first described. It may have developed from the earlier Acheulian types. In addition to Acheulian stone tools, bone and antler picks were also used.
Its start and end are calculated at 71.9 ka and 71.0 ka. At present, too few data exist to limit the 95% confidence intervals of these date to more than 4 to 5 ky. However, available data are consistent with a duration of less than 1 ky.
Sampson in 1974 questioned its existence on the grounds that sites were not properly described and they lacked stratigraphic
integrity However, more recent work from sites such as Blombos Cave and Sibudu Cave attest to its existence.
It is broadly analogous to the Mousterian culture in Europe.
Olduvai Gorge has within its many ages of tools, some of the Stillbay variety.
Tools and fire
Researchers have concluded that Stillbay people prepared the silcrete stone out of which they made their stone tools with preheating in human made fire to increase its workability. Experiments involved slowly heating silcrete stones to ~350 °C. Thermoluminescence confirmed that all stones analysed (limited to 26 in number due this being a destructive process) had been heated to this temperature.
Heat treatment not only increases the length of flakes that can be removed from about a half-inch to 2 inches but makes them thinner, and sharper as they can remove flakes at angles nearly parallel to the stone's surface. Heat treatment allows greater precision of fracture due to increasing the uniformity of the stone's fracture response when hit.
This research identifies this not only with Stillbay sites dated to 72,000 BP but ones that could be as old as 164,000 BP.
Kyle Brown, one of the scientists responsible for this research has been quoted as making a link with the existence of language: "These people were extremely smart ... I don't think you could have passed down these skills from generation to generation without language."
Stone tool industry
A paper announcing the Still Bay Industry was published on January 5, 2007. This paper details the history of excavations at the site of Sibudu Cave, linking the levels of artifacts found beneath the higher level, the Howiesons Poort Industry, to sites in South Africa, such as Blombos Cave and Hollow Rock Shelter, establishing a wider geographic range to an industry that was once thought to be limited to the western areas of South Africa. Another site, Umhlatuzana Rock Shelter, located in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa has been linked to the Still Bay Industry, this based on comparison to the recent descriptions of Blombos Cave and Sibudu Cave. Serrated pieces are found at this site as well, potentially ol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20McKay%20%28mathematician%29
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Brendan Damien McKay (born 26 October 1951 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian computer scientist and mathematician. He is currently an Emeritus Professor in the Research School of Computer Science at the Australian National University (ANU). He has published extensively in combinatorics.
McKay received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Melbourne in 1980, and was appointed Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Vanderbilt University, Nashville in the same year (1980–1983). His thesis, Topics in Computational Graph Theory, was written under the direction of Derek Holton. He was awarded the Australian Mathematical Society Medal in 1990. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1997, and appointed Professor of Computer Science at the ANU in 2000.
Mathematics
McKay is the author of at least 127 refereed articles.
One of McKay's main contributions has been a practical algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem and its software implementation NAUTY (No AUTomorphisms, Yes?). Further achievements include proving with Stanisław Radziszowski that the Ramsey number R(4,5) = 25; proving with Radziszowski that no 4-(12, 6, 6) combinatorial designs exist, determining with Gunnar Brinkmann, the number of posets on 16 points, and determining with Ian Wanless the number of Latin squares of size 11. Together with Brinkmann, he also developed the Plantri programme for generating planar triangulations and planar cubic graphs.
The McKay–Miller–Širáň graphs, a class of highly-symmetric graphs with diameter two and many vertices relative to their degree, are named in part for McKay, who first wrote about them with Mirka Miller and Jozef Širáň in 1998.
Biblical cyphers
Outside of his specialty, McKay is best known for his collaborative work with a group of Israeli mathematicians such as Dror Bar-Natan and Gil Kalai, together with Maya Bar-Hillel, who rebutted a Bible code theory which maintained that the Hebrew text of the Bible enciphered predictive details of future historical events. The paper in question had been accepted for publication by a scientific peer-reviewed journal in 1994. Their rebuttal, together with a paper written by an anonymous mathematician, argued that the patterns in the Bible that supposedly indicate some hidden message from a divine source or have predictive power can be just as easily found in other works, such as War and Peace. The discredited theory was taken up by US journalist Michael Drosnin. Drosnin said he was convinced of this theory when one of its exponents stated that the Torah predicted the Iraqi wars. He expressed his certainty publicly that such coded messages could not be found in any other work than the Bible, and, in an interview with Newsweek, he challenged:
"When my critics find a message about the assassination of a prime minister encrypted in Moby Dick, I'll believe them."
Using the Bible decryption method espoused by the group led by Eliyahu Rips, McKay quickly found so
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUCV
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KUCV (91.1 FM) is a radio station in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. A member of NPR, it is owned by Nebraska Public Media and is the flagship station of the Nebraska Public Radio Network (NET Radio).
KUCV signed on for the first time in 1967, originally owned by Union College, an educational institution affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was the second NPR station in Nebraska, joining the network in 1983. The Nebraska Educational Telecommunications Commission (NETC) bought the station in 1988, making it the first station in its statewide public radio network.
History
Early years
The history of radio broadcasting at Union College dates to 1960, when a five-watt, carrier current station began broadcasting for several hours a day. It was programmed by students and overseen by the speech department. In March 1967, the college applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to replace KVUC with an FM station at 91.3 MHz. The FCC granted the permit for the 10-watt outlet in May, and KUCV began broadcasting on October 22, 1967, airing 35 hours of programming a week.
Originally primarily airing taped educational programming, much of it from other colleges, KUCV began airing evening classical music programming in 1975 and planned a power increase and the beginning of stereo broadcasting; in 1977, an Adventist radio station in Tennessee donated a tower to the college to increase the station's coverage area. As part of the upgrades, KUCV moved to the former College View Public Library near the campus at 49th and Prescott streets, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. That year, the first full-time station manager began work, and the station began full-time classical broadcasting. The new tower was installed in February 1978; KUCV also tweaked its format to provide more comprehensive fine arts programming.
Growing into a regional station
A power increase had been part of Union College's plan for KUCV since its approval; an application to increase effective radiated power to 20,000 watts while changing frequencies was filed in May 1978, while the college initiated a fundraising campaign to support station upgrades and the station expanded its broadcasting hours. After delays caused by an opposition from Omaha television station WOWT, which operated in the nearby channel 6 (82–88 MHz) and objected to possible interference, the FCC approved the power increase and frequency change in June 1979; KUCV moved to 90.9 MHz on February 5, 1980. After the change, the station had to provide band-pass filters for Lincoln television viewers who complained of interference to reception of WOWT.
KUCV's power expansion came at a time when the establishment of a state public radio network was under debate and opposed by commercial broadcasters. A representative of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) hailed the increase as the first step toward public radio in Nebraska, which had only one NPR station: K
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20Life%20Network
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The Family Life Network is a Christian radio network, broadcasting on FM stations across Western and Central New York, as well as northern Pennsylvania, from flagship station WCIK 103.1 Avoca. It is owned and operated by the Family Life Ministries of Bath, New York. FLM is an accredited member of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA). Family Life is a listener-supported outreach with about 95% of its operating revenue coming directly from listeners, participants, and supporting churches.
The Family Life Network should not be confused with the unrelated Family Life Communications (also known as Family Life Radio), a different chain of Christian radio stations in the South, Southwest and other regions of the U.S.
History
Family Life Ministries was founded in . For most of its first 30 years, FLN operated a single radio station at 88.3 FM in Bath. With the release of Docket 80-90 and the massive expansion of rural and suburban FM radio signals in the late 1980s, Family Life rapidly expanded into a network. It began by acquiring WCID in Friendship, New York (now WCOV).
Family Life actively buys and sells stations and translators in its coverage area, a practice that takes advantage of the ministry's status as a non-commercial religious broadcaster. That means it isn't subject to Federal Communications Commission restrictions on the number of stations it can own in one broadcast region. It has largely avoided the AM radio band. When presented with a right of first refusal to buy an AM station in Syracuse, it declined. It quickly spun off two other AM stations in Elmira and Salamanca two months after acquiring them in the wake of Waypoint Media's dissolution.
All of Family Life's stations begin with call signs WCI, WCO, WCG or WCD. According to the company's station list, these abbreviations stand for Where Christ Is, Where Christ Offers, Where Christ Grants and With Christ Discover. Flagship WCIK, for example, represents "Where Christ Is King."
Stations and Translators by Markets
New York
Binghamton
WCII - Spencer - 88.5 FM with 17,000 watts.
WCIJ - Unadilla - 88.9 FM with 5,000 watts.
Translators
Buffalo
WCOF - Arcade - 89.5 FM with 1,000 watts.
WCGP - Silver Creek - 89.3 FM with 8,000 watts.
WCOU - Attica - 88.3 FM with 11,000 watts.
WBUF-HD2 - Buffalo - 92.9 FM (owned by Townsquare Media, HD2 channel operated by FLN under a local marketing agreement) with 76,000 watts.
Translators
Elmira
WCDN-FM - Ridgebury, Pennsylvania - 90.3 FM with 4,000 watts.
WCIG - Big Flats - 97.7 FM with 610 watts.
WCIH - Elmira - 94.3 FM with 1,200 watts.
WCIK - Avoca - 103.1 FM with 1,400 watts. (flagship station)
WCIN - Bath - 88.3 FM with 250 watts.
Translators
Rochester
WCIY - Canandaigua - 88.9 FM with 680 watts.
WCIP - Clyde - 93.7 FM with 3,800 watts.
WBZA-HD2 - Rochester - 98.9 FM (owned by Audacy, Inc., HD2 channel operated by FLN under a local marketing agreement)
WCOM-FM - Batavia - 90.7 FM (move t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberWorld
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CyberWorld is a 2000 American 3D animated anthology film shown in IMAX and IMAX 3D, presented by Intel. Several segments originally filmed in 2-D were converted to 3-D format. The film was cited as the first 3D animated film presented in IMAX, as presented on its website.
There are no plans to release the film on home video as of 2023; likely due to the film being exclusive to IMAX theaters, along with copyright issues from Universal Pictures and Walt Disney Studios.
Plot
Phig commences the movie by showing the audience the "CyberWorld", a futuristic museum of infinite possibilities. Meanwhile, three computer bugs (Buzzed, Wired, and Frazzled) come and try to eat the CyberWorld through its number coding. When Phig knows about them and hunts for the destructive computer bugs, she presents various short stock clips of computer-animated productions, such as scenes from Antz and episodes of The Simpsons post-converted to 3D.
In the end, Buzzed, Wired and Frazzled create a black hole (akin to "Homer³"), which inexplicably leads to their deaths for all the trouble they have caused. Phig is nearly swallowed up as well, but not before her "knight in cyber armor" technician Hank reboots the entire system just as she is sucked into the vortex. Phig concludes the movie by explaining to the audience that none of the events caused by the bugs ever occurred. To prove her point, she attempts to summon her battle gear, only to receive a pink bunny outfit in return (a similar trick the bugs played on her in the film's midsection).
Selected segments
The dance sequence from the animated feature Antz
The CGI parts of the "Homer³" segment from The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror VI"
The music video of the Pet Shop Boys song "Liberation"
"Monkey Brain Sushi", a short film created by Sony Pictures Imageworks
KraKKen: Adventure of Future Ocean, a short film created by ExMachina
"Joe Fly", a short film created By Spans & Partner
"Flipbook And Waterfall city", a short film created by Satoshi Kitahara
"Tonight's Performance", a short film created by REZN8
Cast
Jenna Elfman as Phig
Matt Frewer as Frazzled
Robert Smith as Buzzed and Wired
Dave Foley as Hank the Technician
Cara Pifko as Computer
Woody Allen, Sharon Stone, and Sylvester Stallone (Antz)
Hank Azaria, Nancy Cartwright, Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Harry Shearer, and Yeardley Smith of The Simpsons
Chris Lowe and Neil Tennant of Pet Shop Boys
David Geldart as Pete
Richard Pearce as Joe Fly
Ned Irving as Sanchez
Mark Lyndon as The Praying Mantis
Georg Hahn as The Mites
Frank Welker as The Firefly
Release
CyberWorld premiered at the Universal Citywalk IMAX Theater on October 1, 2000. It is the first IMAX film to have a PG rating (some language from the Antz and Simpsons segments).
Reception
Box office
CyberWorld was a box office success, grossing $11,253,900 in the domestic box office and $5,400,000 overseas for a worldwide total of $16,653,900.
Critical response
On Rotten
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbus
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Z Matrix or bus impedance matrix in computing is an important tool in power system analysis. Though, it is not frequently used in power flow study, unlike Ybus matrix, it is, however, an important tool in other power system studies like short circuit analysis or fault study.
The Zbus matrix can be computed by matrix inversion of the Ybus matrix. Since the Ybus matrix is usually sparse, the explicit Zbus matrix would be dense and very memory intensive to handle directly.
Context
Electric power transmission needs optimization. Only Computer simulation allows the complex handling required. The Zbus matrix is a big tool in that box.
Formulation
Z Matrix can be formed by either inverting the Ybus matrix or by using Z bus building algorithm. The latter method is harder to implement but more practical and faster (in terms of computer run time and number of floating-point operations per second) for a relatively large system.
Formulation:
Because the Zbus is the inverse of the Ybus, it is symmetrical like the Ybus. The diagonal elements of the Zbus are referred to as driving-point impedances of the buses and the off-diagonal elements are called transfer impedances.
One reason the Ybus is so much more popular in calculation is the matrix becomes sparse for large systems; that is, many elements go to zero as the admittance between two far away buses is very small. In the Zbus, however, the impedance between two far away buses becomes very large, so there are no zero elements, making computation much harder.
The operations to modify an existing Zbus are straightforward, and outlined in Table 1.
To create a Zbus matrix from scratch, we
start by listing the equation for one branch:
Then we add additional branches according
to Table 1 until each bus is expressed in the matrix:
References
Electrical power control
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl%20TV
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Girl TV was a weekday afternoon television program, primarily aimed at teenage girls, that was broadcast by the Australian Seven Network between 2003 and 2004. The series was cancelled due to low ratings and lasted two seasons.
Content
Girl TV explored varied topics, ranging from technology to fashion to the specifics of different occupations. The show was based around a "Girls can do anything" theme. The show included a mini series called It's A Girl's Life. There were 16 episodes, each about 1 minute long; each presenter dressing up as a different character.
Presenters
There were four teenage female presenters, most of whom are also singers. They were:
Simone Nalder
Juliette Harkness
Casey Burgess
Chrissie Rose
Girl (the album)
In early 2005, the girls released a CD and DVD set titled Gal but due to low ratings changed it to Girl. The DVD had every episode of the It's A Girl's Life mini-series in its bonus features. The album had little success on the charts and received mixed reviews. The album can be found on the iTunes Store and rarely found in retail stores. The album was released on 21 January 2005 throughout Australia. As at 2008, the album title on iTunes is A Girl's Life with the artist title listed as "Girl".
Track listing
1. It's A Girl's Life (dance mix)
2. Stuck On Me
3. Back to You
4. Shake It Up
5. All Out of Love
6 Woman Stuck In A Mans Body (Wobbo acoustic solo)
7. Emergency
8. Rock da Party (Wobbo Come Down edit)
9. Down
10. Around the World
11. Crazy Things
12. Turn the Radio Up
13. Back to You (reprise)
14. If I Can't Have You
15. Wobbo's Candy Van
Post show
The girls are all looking to extend their career after Girl TV. There was a website available by following the links at yahoo7.com.au. In 2005, Juliette Harkness and Chrissie Rose made guest appearances on the ABC Network television series, Blue Water High. The Seven Network ran repeats of the show during the 2007 school holidays in Australia, and during the 2008 winter school holidays. In 2008 it has been broadcast on Saturdays around 11:00 am on the Seven Network. Casey has recently replaced Charli Robinson as the new fifth member of Hi-5.
References
External links
IMDB listing
2003 Australian television series debuts
2004 Australian television series endings
Australian children's television series
Seven Network original programming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%26%26
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&& is a double ampersand.
&& may also refer to:
Label value operator for Computed GOTO
Short-circuit AND in several programming languages
Rvalue reference in C++
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20battery
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A smart battery or a smart battery pack is a rechargeable battery pack with a built-in battery management system (BMS), usually designed for use in a portable computer such as a laptop. In addition to the usual positive and negative terminals, a smart battery has two or more terminals to connect to the BMS; typically the negative terminal is also used as BMS "ground". BMS interface examples are: SMBus, PMBus, EIA-232, EIA-485, and Local Interconnect Network.
Internally, a smart battery can measure voltage and current, and deduce charge level and SoH (State of Health) parameters, indicating the state of the cells. Externally, a smart battery can communicate with a smart battery charger and a "smart energy user" via the bus interface. A smart battery can demand that the charging stop, request charging, or demand that the smart energy user stop using power from this battery. There are standard specifications for smart batteries: Smart Battery System, MIPI BIF and many ad-hoc specifications.
Charging
A smart battery charger is mainly a switch mode power supply (also known as high frequency charger) that has the ability to communicate with a smart battery pack's battery management system (BMS) in order to control and monitor the charging process. This communication may be by a standard bus such as CAN bus in automobiles or System Management Bus (SMBus) in computers. The charge process is controlled by the BMS and not by the charger, thus increasing security in the system. Not all chargers have this type of communication, which is commonly used for lithium batteries.
Besides the usual plus (positive) and minus (negative) terminals, a smart battery charger also has multiple terminals to connect to the smart battery pack's BMS. The Smart Battery System standard is commonly used to define this connection, which includes the data bus and the communications protocol between the charger and battery. There are other ad-hoc specifications also used.
Hardware
Smart battery controller integrated circuits are available. Linear Technology manufactures, such as the LTC4100, or the LTC4101, are Smart Battery System-compatible products.
Microchip Technology provides an application note for a smart battery charger based on the PIC16C73. The PIC16C73 source code is available for this application.
See also
Battery charger
CMOS battery
Rechargeable battery
References
Smart devices
Rechargeable batteries
Battery charging
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazushige%20Goto
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is a software engineer specializing in high performance, hand-written, machine code.
Education
Goto was a research associate at the Texas Advanced Computing Center at the University of Texas at Austin when he wrote his famously hand-optimized assembly routines for supercomputing and PC platforms that outperform the best compiler generated code.
Several of the fastest supercomputers in the world still use his implementation of the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) known as GotoBLAS.
Career
In 2010, Goto joined Microsoft's Technical Computing Group with the title of Senior Researcher.
In July 2012, he joined Intel with the title of Software Engineer.
Goto continues to write hand-optimized machine code, utilizing detailed knowledge of the architecture to which he has access.
References
Further reading
(25 pages)
Japanese computer programmers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio%20Loopy
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The , subtitled My Seal Computer SV-100, is a 32-bit home video game console. Released exclusively in Japan in October 1995 with a price of 25,000¥, it was unusual in that the marketing for it was completely targeted to female gamers.
The console was powered by a Hitachi SH7021 SuperH 32-bit RISC CPU running at 16MHz, and had 1MB of RAM and 2MB of ROM. It was capable of displaying 512-color graphics and of playing 4 channels of 12-bit PCM audio.
The Loopy features one controller port for use with a standard game controller or with a mouse which was sold separately.
The Loopy included a built-in thermal color printer that could be used to create stickers from game screenshots. An optional accessory, called , was a video capture device to obtain images from VCRs and DVD players. Users may add text to these images and make stickers. Including Magical Shop's own built-in software, the Loopy library contained 11 titles.
Developer Kenji Terada worked on I Want a Room in Loopy Town! (ルーピータウンのおへやがほしい!, Rūpī Taun no O-heya ga Hoshii!).
Casio ceased production of the console in December 1998, with software development ending in November 1996.
Games
Eleven titles were released for the system.
The games PC Collection and Lupiton's Wonder Palette were both packaged either as stand-alone or bundled with the mouse.
References
External links
Casio Loopy on UltimateConsoleDatabase.com
Casio Loopy on old-computers.com
Casio Loopy on playright.dk
Casio Loopy on rfgeneration.com
FEMICOM Museum's Casio Loopy Collection
Video Game Kraken - Loopy
Home video game consoles
Fifth-generation video game consoles
Discontinued video game consoles
Japan-only video game hardware
Loopy
Gender and video games
Products introduced in 1995
Women and the arts
Women and video games
SuperH-based game consoles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20type
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In mathematical logic and computer science, some type theories and type systems include a top type that is commonly denoted with top or the symbol ⊤. The top type is sometimes called also universal type, or universal supertype as all other types in the type system of interest are subtypes of it, and in most cases, it contains every possible object of the type system. It is in contrast with the bottom type, or the universal subtype, which every other type is supertype of and it is often that the type contains no members at all.
Support in programming languages
Several typed programming languages provide explicit support for the top type.
In statically-typed languages, there are two different, often confused, concepts when discussing the top type.
A universal base class or other item at the top of a run time class hierarchy (often relevant in object-oriented programming) or type hierarchy; it is often possible to create objects with this (run time) type, or it could be found when one examines the type hierarchy programmatically, in languages that support it
A (compile time) static type in the code whose variables can be assigned any value (or a subset thereof, like any object pointer value), similar to dynamic typing
The first concept often implies the second, i.e., if a universal base class exists, then a variable that can point to an object of this class can also point to an object of any class. However, several languages have types in the second regard above (e.g., void * in C++, id in Objective-C, interface {} in Go), static types which variables can accept any object value, but which do not reflect real run time types that an object can have in the type system, so are not top types in the first regard.
In dynamically-typed languages, the second concept does not exist (any value can be assigned to any variable anyway), so only the first (class hierarchy) is discussed. This article tries to stay with the first concept when discussing top types, but also mention the second concept in languages where it is significant.
The following object-oriented languages have no universal base class:
C++. The pointer to void type can accept any non-function pointer, even though the void type itself is not the universal type but the unit type. Since C++17, the standard library provides the top type std::any.
Objective-C. It is possible to create a new base class by not specifying a parent class for a class, although this is highly unusual. Object is conventionally used as the base class in the original Objective-C run times. In the OpenStep and Cocoa Objective-C libraries, NSObject is conventionally the universal base class. The top type for pointers to objects is id.
Swift. It is possible to create a new base class by not specifying a parent class for a class. The protocol Any can accept any type.
Other languages
Languages that are not object-oriented usually have no universal supertype, or subtype polymorphism support.
While Haskell purposefully l
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