metadata

dataset_info:
  features:
    - name: PuzzleId
      dtype: string
    - name: FEN
      dtype: string
    - name: Moves
      dtype: string
    - name: Rating
      dtype: int64
    - name: RatingDeviation
      dtype: int64
    - name: Popularity
      dtype: int64
    - name: NbPlays
      dtype: int64
    - name: Themes
      dtype: string
    - name: GameUrl
      dtype: string
    - name: OpeningTags
      dtype: string
  splits:
    - name: train
      num_bytes: 888854149
      num_examples: 4062423
  download_size: 423300746
  dataset_size: 888854149
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/train-*
license: cc0-1.0
pretty_name: Lichess puzzles
tags:
  - chess

Dataset Card for Lichess Puzzles

4,062,423 chess puzzles, rated and tagged. See them in action on Lichess.

Generating these chess puzzles took more than 50 years of CPU time. We went through 300,000,000 analyzed games from the Lichess database, and re-analyzed interesting positions with Stockfish 12/13/14/15 NNUE at 40 meganodes. The resulting puzzles were then automatically tagged. To determine the rating, each attempt to solve is considered as a Glicko-2 rated game between the player and the puzzle. Finally, player votes refine the tags and define popularity.

Dataset Usage

Using the datasets library:

from datasets import load_dataset
dset = load_dataset("Lichess/puzzles", split="train")

Dataset Details

Dataset Sample

One row of the dataset looks like this:

{'PuzzleId': '0009B',
 'FEN': 'r2qr1k1/b1p2ppp/pp4n1/P1P1p3/4P1n1/B2P2Pb/3NBP1P/RN1QR1K1 b - - 1 16',
 'Moves': 'b6c5 e2g4 h3g4 d1g4',
 'Rating': 1112,
 'RatingDeviation': 74,
 'Popularity': 87,
 'NbPlays': 569,
 'Themes': 'advantage middlegame short',
 'GameUrl': 'https://lichess.org/4MWQCxQ6/black#31',
 'OpeningTags': 'Kings_Pawn_Game Kings_Pawn_Game_Leonardis_Variation'}

Dataset Fields

Every row of the dataset contains the following fields:

PuzzleId: string, the puzzle's unique identifier.
FEN: string, the FEN string of the position before the opponent makes their move.
Moves: string, the solution to the puzzle. All player moves of the solution are "only moves", i.e. playing any other move would considerably worsen the player position. An exception is made for mates in one: there can be several. Any move that checkmates should win the puzzle.
Rating: int, the Glicko-2 rating of the puzzle.
RatingDeviation: int, the Glicko-2 rating deviation of the puzzle.
Popularity: int, a number between 100 (best) and -100 (worst), calculated as 100 * (upvotes - downvotes)/(upvotes + downvotes). Votes are weighted by various factors such as whether the puzzle was solved successfully or the solver's puzzle rating in comparison to the puzzle's.
NbPlays: int, the number of times a puzzle was played.
Themes: string, a space separated list of puzzle themes.
GameUrl: string, the link to the puzzle on https://lichess.org
OpeningTags: string, a space separated list of openings. This is only set for puzzles starting before move 20.

For a list of all possible puzzle themes and their description: https://github.com/ornicar/lila/blob/master/translation/source/puzzleTheme.xml For a list of all possible openings: https://github.com/lichess-org/chess-openings

#TODO: link to https://lichess.org/@/lichess/blog/new-puzzles-are-here/X-S6gRUA and https://lichess.org/study/viiWlKjv