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part i item 1 entergy corporation , utility operating companies , and system energy entergy new orleans provides electric and gas service in the city of new orleans pursuant to indeterminate permits set forth in city ordinances ( except electric service in algiers , which is provided by entergy louisiana ) . these ordinances contain a continuing option for the city of new orleans to purchase entergy new orleans 2019s electric and gas utility properties . entergy texas holds a certificate of convenience and necessity from the puct to provide electric service to areas within approximately 27 counties in eastern texas , and holds non-exclusive franchises to provide electric service in approximately 68 incorporated municipalities . entergy texas was typically granted 50-year franchises , but recently has been receiving 25-year franchises . entergy texas 2019s electric franchises expire during 2013-2058 . the business of system energy is limited to wholesale power sales . it has no distribution franchises . property and other generation resources generating stations the total capability of the generating stations owned and leased by the utility operating companies and system energy as of december 31 , 2011 , is indicated below: . company | owned and leased capability mw ( 1 ) total | owned and leased capability mw ( 1 ) gas/oil | owned and leased capability mw ( 1 ) nuclear | owned and leased capability mw ( 1 ) coal | owned and leased capability mw ( 1 ) hydro ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ entergy arkansas | 4774 | 1668 | 1823 | 1209 | 74 entergy gulf states louisiana | 3317 | 1980 | 974 | 363 | - entergy louisiana | 5424 | 4265 | 1159 | - | - entergy mississippi | 3229 | 2809 | - | 420 | - entergy new orleans | 764 | 764 | - | - | - entergy texas | 2538 | 2269 | - | 269 | - system energy | 1071 | - | 1071 | - | - total | 21117 | 13755 | 5027 | 2261 | 74 ( 1 ) 201cowned and leased capability 201d is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel ( assuming no curtailments ) that each station was designed to utilize . the entergy system's load and capacity projections are reviewed periodically to assess the need and timing for additional generating capacity and interconnections . these reviews consider existing and projected demand , the availability and price of power , the location of new load , and the economy . summer peak load in the entergy system service territory has averaged 21246 mw from 2002-2011 . in the 2002 time period , the entergy system's long-term capacity resources , allowing for an adequate reserve margin , were approximately 3000 mw less than the total capacity required for peak period demands . in this time period the entergy system met its capacity shortages almost entirely through short-term power purchases in the wholesale spot market . in the fall of 2002 , the entergy system began a program to add new resources to its existing generation portfolio and began a process of issuing requests for proposals ( rfp ) to procure supply-side resources from sources other than the spot market to meet the unique regional needs of the utility operating companies . the entergy system has adopted a long-term resource strategy that calls for the bulk of capacity needs to be met through long-term resources , whether owned or contracted . entergy refers to this strategy as the "portfolio transformation strategy" . over the past nine years , portfolio transformation has resulted in the addition of about 4500 mw of new long-term resources . these figures do not include transactions currently pending as a result of the summer 2009 rfp . when the summer 2009 rfp transactions are included in the entergy system portfolio of long-term resources and adjusting for unit deactivations of older generation , the entergy system is approximately 500 mw short of its projected 2012 peak load plus reserve margin . this remaining need is expected to be met through a nuclear uprate at grand gulf and limited-term resources . the entergy system will continue to access the spot power market to economically
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notes to consolidated financial statements uncertain tax provisions as described in note 1 , the company adopted fin 48 on january 1 , 2007 . the effect of adopting fin 48 was not material to the company 2019s financial statements . the following is a reconciliation of the company 2019s beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits ( in millions ) . . balance at january 1 2007 | $ 53 ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------- additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 4 additions for tax positions of prior years | 24 reductions for tax positions of prior years | -6 ( 6 ) settlements | -5 ( 5 ) balance at december 31 2007 | $ 70 of the amount included in the previous table , $ 57 million of unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate if recognized . aon does not expect the unrecognized tax positions to change significantly over the next twelve months . the company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in its provision for income taxes . aon accrued potential penalties and interest of less than $ 1 million related to unrecognized tax positions during 2007 . in total , as of december 31 , 2007 , aon has recorded a liability for penalties and interest of $ 1 million and $ 7 million , respectively . aon and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the u.s . federal jurisdiction as well as various state and international jurisdictions . aon has substantially concluded all u.s . federal income tax matters for years through 2004 . the internal revenue service commenced an examination of aon 2019s federal u.s . income tax returns for 2005 and 2006 in the fourth quarter of 2007 . material u.s . state and local income tax jurisdiction examinations have been concluded for years through 2002 . aon has concluded income tax examinations in its primary international jurisdictions through 2000 . aon corporation
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incentive compensation cost the following table shows components of compensation expense , relating to certain of the incentive compensation programs described above : in a0millions a0of a0dollars 2018 2017 2016 charges for estimated awards to retirement-eligible employees $ 669 $ 659 $ 555 amortization of deferred cash awards , deferred cash stock units and performance stock units 202 354 336 immediately vested stock award expense ( 1 ) 75 70 73 amortization of restricted and deferred stock awards ( 2 ) 435 474 509 . in millions of dollars | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------ | ------ charges for estimated awards to retirement-eligible employees | $ 669 | $ 659 | $ 555 amortization of deferred cash awards deferred cash stock units and performance stock units | 202 | 354 | 336 immediately vested stock award expense ( 1 ) | 75 | 70 | 73 amortization of restricted and deferred stock awards ( 2 ) | 435 | 474 | 509 other variable incentive compensation | 640 | 694 | 710 total | $ 2021 | $ 2251 | $ 2183 ( 1 ) represents expense for immediately vested stock awards that generally were stock payments in lieu of cash compensation . the expense is generally accrued as cash incentive compensation in the year prior to grant . ( 2 ) all periods include amortization expense for all unvested awards to non-retirement-eligible employees.
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begin production in early 2012 . the output from the first line has been contracted for sale under a long-term agreement . additionally , in march 2011 we entered into a joint venture agreement with thai beverage can limited to construct a beverage container manufacturing facility in vietnam that will begin production in the first quarter of 2012 . we have also made recent strategic acquisitions . in october 2011 , we acquired our partners 2019 interests in qmcp and recorded a gain of $ 9.2 million related to our previously held interest in the joint venture . additionally , we are constructing a new expanded beverage container facility for qmcp that will begin production in the first quarter of 2012 . in july 2010 , we entered the aluminum slug market by acquiring the leading north american manufacturer of aluminum slugs used to make extruded aerosol containers , beverage bottles , collapsible tubes and technical impact extrusions . to further expand this new product line and broaden our market development efforts into a new customer base , in january 2011 , we acquired a leading european supplier of aluminum aerosol containers and bottles and the slugs used to make them . further details of recent acquisitions are included in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements within item 8 of this report . we recognize sales under long-term contracts in the aerospace and technologies segment using percentage of completion under the cost-to-cost method of accounting . the 2011 contract mix consisted of approximately 60 percent cost-type contracts , which are billed at our costs plus an agreed upon and/or earned profit component , and 33 percent fixed-price contracts . the remainder represents time and material contracts , which typically provide for the sale of engineering labor at fixed hourly rates . the contracted backlog at december 31 , 2011 , of approximately $ 897 million consisted of approximately 50 percent fixed price contracts indicating a continuing trend towards more fixed price business . throughout the period of contract performance , we regularly reevaluate and , if necessary , revise our estimates of aerospace and technologies total contract revenue , total contract cost and progress toward completion . because of contract payment schedules , limitations on funding and other contract terms , our sales and accounts receivable for this segment include amounts that have been earned but not yet billed . management performance measures management uses various measures to evaluate company performance such as return on average invested capital ( net operating earnings after tax over the relevant performance period divided by average invested capital over the same period ) ; economic value added ( net operating earnings after tax less a capital charge on average invested capital employed ) ; earnings before interest and taxes ( ebit ) ; earnings before interest , taxes , depreciation and amortization ( ebitda ) ; diluted earnings per share ; cash flow from operating activities and free cash flow ( generally defined by the company as cash flow from operating activities less additions to property , plant and equipment ) . these financial measures may be adjusted at times for items that affect comparability between periods such as business consolidation costs and gains or losses on acquisitions and dispositions . nonfinancial measures in the packaging businesses include production efficiency and spoilage rates ; quality control figures ; environmental , health and safety statistics ; production and sales volumes ; asset utilization rates ; and measures of sustainability . additional measures used to evaluate financial performance in the aerospace and technologies segment include contract revenue realization , award and incentive fees realized , proposal win rates and backlog ( including awarded , contracted and funded backlog ) . results of operations consolidated sales and earnings . ( $ in millions ) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 --------------------------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- net sales | $ 8630.9 | $ 7630.0 | $ 6710.4 net earnings attributable to ball corporation | 444.0 | 468.0 | 387.9 the increase in net sales in 2011 compared to 2010 was driven largely by the increase in demand for metal packaging in the prc , improved beverage container volumes in the americas , the consolidation of latapack-ball , the acquisition of two prc joint ventures and the extruded aluminum businesses , and improved aerospace program performance . in addition to the business segment performance analyzed below , net earnings attributable to ball corporation included discontinued operations related to the sale of the plastics business in august 2010 , business consolidation costs , debt refinancing costs , and the equity earnings and gains on the acquisitions . these items are detailed in the 201cmanagement performance measures 201d section below . higher sales in 2010 compared to 2009 were due largely to sales associated with 2010 business acquisitions described above . the higher net earnings from continuing operations in 2010 compared to 2009 included $ 105.9 million of equity gains on acquisitions associated with the acquisitions.
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american airlines , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) temporary , targeted funding relief ( subject to certain terms and conditions ) for single employer and multiemployer pension plans that suffered significant losses in asset value due to the steep market slide in 2008 . under the relief act , the company 2019s 2010 minimum required contribution to its defined benefit pension plans was reduced from $ 525 million to approximately $ 460 million . the following benefit payments , which reflect expected future service as appropriate , are expected to be paid : retiree medical pension and other . | pension | retiree medical and other -------------- | ------- | ------------------------- 2011 | 574 | 173 2012 | 602 | 170 2013 | 665 | 169 2014 | 729 | 170 2015 | 785 | 173 2016 2014 2020 | 4959 | 989 during 2008 , amr recorded a settlement charge totaling $ 103 million related to lump sum distributions from the company 2019s defined benefit pension plans to pilots who retired . pursuant to u.s . gaap , the use of settlement accounting is required if , for a given year , the cost of all settlements exceeds , or is expected to exceed , the sum of the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic pension expense for a plan . under settlement accounting , unrecognized plan gains or losses must be recognized immediately in proportion to the percentage reduction of the plan 2019s projected benefit obligation . 11 . intangible assets the company has recorded international slot and route authorities of $ 708 million and $ 736 million as of december 31 , 2010 and 2009 , respectively . the company considers these assets indefinite life assets and as a result , they are not amortized but instead are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired . such triggering events may include significant changes to the company 2019s network or capacity , or the implementation of open skies agreements in countries where the company operates flights . in the fourth quarter of 2010 , the company performed its annual impairment testing on international slots and routes , at which time the net carrying value was reassessed for recoverability . it was determined through this annual impairment testing that the fair value of certain international routes in latin america was less than the carrying value . thus , the company incurred an impairment charge of $ 28 million to write down the values of these and certain other slots and routes . as there is minimal market activity for the valuation of routes and international slots and landing rights , the company measures fair value with inputs using the income approach . the income approach uses valuation techniques , such as future cash flows , to convert future amounts to a single present discounted amount . the inputs utilized for these valuations are unobservable and reflect the company 2019s assumptions about market participants and what they would use to value the routes and accordingly are considered level 3 in the fair value hierarchy . the company 2019s unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available as of december 31
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management 2019s discussion and analysis 114 jpmorgan chase & co./2017 annual report derivative contracts in the normal course of business , the firm uses derivative instruments predominantly for market-making activities . derivatives enable counterparties to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates , currencies and other markets . the firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit and other market risk exposure . the nature of the counterparty and the settlement mechanism of the derivative affect the credit risk to which the firm is exposed . for otc derivatives the firm is exposed to the credit risk of the derivative counterparty . for exchange- traded derivatives ( 201cetd 201d ) , such as futures and options , and 201ccleared 201d over-the-counter ( 201cotc-cleared 201d ) derivatives , the firm is generally exposed to the credit risk of the relevant ccp . where possible , the firm seeks to mitigate its credit risk exposures arising from derivative transactions through the use of legally enforceable master netting arrangements and collateral agreements . for further discussion of derivative contracts , counterparties and settlement types , see note 5 . the following table summarizes the net derivative receivables for the periods presented . derivative receivables . december 31 ( in millions ) | 2017 | 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- interest rate | $ 24673 | $ 28302 credit derivatives | 869 | 1294 foreign exchange | 16151 | 23271 equity | 7882 | 4939 commodity | 6948 | 6272 total net of cash collateral | 56523 | 64078 liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables ( a ) | -16108 ( 16108 ) | -22705 ( 22705 ) total net of all collateral | $ 40415 | $ 41373 ( a ) includes collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained . derivative receivables reported on the consolidated balance sheets were $ 56.5 billion and $ 64.1 billion at december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . derivative receivables decreased predominantly as a result of client- driven market-making activities in cib markets , which reduced foreign exchange and interest rate derivative receivables , and increased equity derivative receivables , driven by market movements . derivative receivables amounts represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held by the firm . however , in management 2019s view , the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration additional liquid securities ( primarily u.s . government and agency securities and other group of seven nations ( 201cg7 201d ) government bonds ) and other cash collateral held by the firm aggregating $ 16.1 billion and $ 22.7 billion at december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , that may be used as security when the fair value of the client 2019s exposure is in the firm 2019s favor . in addition to the collateral described in the preceding paragraph , the firm also holds additional collateral ( primarily cash , g7 government securities , other liquid government-agency and guaranteed securities , and corporate debt and equity securities ) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions , as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date . although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the table above , it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client 2019s derivative transactions move in the firm 2019s favor . the derivative receivables fair value , net of all collateral , also does not include other credit enhancements , such as letters of credit . for additional information on the firm 2019s use of collateral agreements , see note 5 . while useful as a current view of credit exposure , the net fair value of the derivative receivables does not capture the potential future variability of that credit exposure . to capture the potential future variability of credit exposure , the firm calculates , on a client-by-client basis , three measures of potential derivatives-related credit loss : peak , derivative risk equivalent ( 201cdre 201d ) , and average exposure ( 201cavg 201d ) . these measures all incorporate netting and collateral benefits , where applicable . peak represents a conservative measure of potential exposure to a counterparty calculated in a manner that is broadly equivalent to a 97.5% ( 97.5 % ) confidence level over the life of the transaction . peak is the primary measure used by the firm for setting of credit limits for derivative transactions , senior management reporting and derivatives exposure management . dre exposure is a measure that expresses the risk of derivative exposure on a basis intended to be equivalent to the risk of loan exposures . dre is a less extreme measure of potential credit loss than peak and is used for aggregating derivative credit risk exposures with loans and other credit risk . finally , avg is a measure of the expected fair value of the firm 2019s derivative receivables at future time periods , including the benefit of collateral . avg exposure over the total life of the derivative contract is used as the primary metric for pricing purposes and is used to calculate credit risk capital and the cva , as further described below . the three year avg exposure was $ 29.0 billion and $ 31.1 billion at december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , compared with derivative receivables , net of all collateral , of $ 40.4 billion and $ 41.4 billion at december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . the fair value of the firm 2019s derivative receivables incorporates cva to reflect the credit quality of counterparties . cva is based on the firm 2019s avg to a counterparty and the counterparty 2019s credit spread in the credit derivatives market . the firm believes that active risk management is essential to controlling the dynamic credit risk in the derivatives portfolio . in addition , the firm 2019s risk management process takes into consideration the potential
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management 2019s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations ( continued ) funding deposits : we provide products and services including custody , accounting , administration , daily pricing , foreign exchange services , cash management , financial asset management , securities finance and investment advisory services . as a provider of these products and services , we generate client deposits , which have generally provided a stable , low-cost source of funds . as a global custodian , clients place deposits with state street entities in various currencies . we invest these client deposits in a combination of investment securities and short- duration financial instruments whose mix is determined by the characteristics of the deposits . for the past several years , we have experienced higher client deposit inflows toward the end of the quarter or the end of the year . as a result , we believe average client deposit balances are more reflective of ongoing funding than period-end balances . table 33 : client deposits average balance december 31 , year ended december 31 . ( in millions ) | december 31 , 2014 | december 31 , 2013 | december 31 , 2014 | 2013 --------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | -------- client deposits ( 1 ) | $ 195276 | $ 182268 | $ 167470 | $ 143043 client deposits ( 1 ) $ 195276 $ 182268 $ 167470 $ 143043 ( 1 ) balance as of december 31 , 2014 excluded term wholesale certificates of deposit , or cds , of $ 13.76 billion ; average balances for the year ended december 31 , 2014 and 2013 excluded average cds of $ 6.87 billion and $ 2.50 billion , respectively . short-term funding : our corporate commercial paper program , under which we can issue up to $ 3.0 billion of commercial paper with original maturities of up to 270 days from the date of issuance , had $ 2.48 billion and $ 1.82 billion of commercial paper outstanding as of december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively . our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy . these assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets , but more importantly , they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales . in addition , our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors . as discussed earlier under 201casset liquidity , 201d state street bank's membership in the fhlb allows for advances of liquidity with varying terms against high-quality collateral . short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase . these transactions are short-term in nature , generally overnight , and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities . these balances were $ 8.93 billion and $ 7.95 billion as of december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively . state street bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of cad $ 800 million , or approximately $ 690 million as of december 31 , 2014 , to support its canadian securities processing operations . the line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice . as of december 31 , 2014 , there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit . long-term funding : as of december 31 , 2014 , state street bank had board authority to issue unsecured senior debt securities from time to time , provided that the aggregate principal amount of such unsecured senior debt outstanding at any one time does not exceed $ 5 billion . as of december 31 , 2014 , $ 4.1 billion was available for issuance pursuant to this authority . as of december 31 , 2014 , state street bank also had board authority to issue an additional $ 500 million of subordinated debt . we maintain an effective universal shelf registration that allows for the public offering and sale of debt securities , capital securities , common stock , depositary shares and preferred stock , and warrants to purchase such securities , including any shares into which the preferred stock and depositary shares may be convertible , or any combination thereof . we have issued in the past , and we may issue in the future , securities pursuant to our shelf registration . the issuance of debt or equity securities will depend on future market conditions , funding needs and other factors . agency credit ratings our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies . factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include diverse and stable core earnings ; relative market position ; strong risk management ; strong capital ratios ; diverse liquidity sources , including the global capital markets and client deposits ; strong liquidity monitoring procedures ; and preparedness for current or future regulatory developments . high ratings limit borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors , increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products , serve markets , and engage in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings . a downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital
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financing activities for 2014 also included an acquisition-related contingent consideration payment of $ 86 million made to champion 2019s former shareholders . liquidity and capital resources we currently expect to fund all of our cash requirements which are reasonably foreseeable for 2017 , including scheduled debt repayments , new investments in the business , share repurchases , dividend payments , possible business acquisitions and pension contributions , with cash from operating activities , and as needed , additional short-term and/or long-term borrowings . we continue to expect our operating cash flow to remain strong . as of december 31 , 2016 , we had $ 327 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand , of which $ 184 million was held outside of the u.s . as of december 31 , 2015 , we had $ 26 million of deferred tax liabilities for pre-acquisition foreign earnings associated with the legacy nalco entities and legacy champion entities that we intended to repatriate . these liabilities were recorded as part of the respective purchase price accounting of each transaction . the remaining foreign earnings were repatriated in 2016 , reducing the deferred tax liabilities to zero at december 31 , 2016 . we consider the remaining portion of our foreign earnings to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign jurisdictions and we have no intention to repatriate such funds . we continue to be focused on building our global business and these funds are available for use by our international operations . to the extent the remaining portion of the foreign earnings would be repatriated , such amounts would be subject to income tax or foreign withholding tax liabilities that may be fully or partially offset by foreign tax credits , both in the u.s . and in various applicable foreign jurisdictions . as of december 31 , 2016 we had a $ 2.0 billion multi-year credit facility , which expires in december 2019 . the credit facility has been established with a diverse syndicate of banks . there were no borrowings under our credit facility as of december 31 , 2016 or 2015 . the credit facility supports our $ 2.0 billion u.s . commercial paper program and $ 2.0 billion european commercial paper program . we increased the european commercial paper program from $ 200 million during the third quarter of 2016 . combined borrowing under these two commercial paper programs may not exceed $ 2.0 billion . as of december 31 , 2016 , we had no amount outstanding under either our u.s . or european commercial paper programs . additionally , we have other committed and uncommitted credit lines of $ 746 million with major international banks and financial institutions to support our general global funding needs , including with respect to bank supported letters of credit , performance bonds and guarantees . approximately $ 554 million of these credit lines were available for use as of year-end 2016 . as of december 31 , 2016 , our short-term borrowing program was rated a-2 by standard & poor 2019s and p-2 by moody 2019s . as of december 31 , 2016 , standard & poor 2019s and moody 2019s rated our long-term credit at a- ( stable outlook ) and baa1 ( stable outlook ) , respectively . a reduction in our credit ratings could limit or preclude our ability to issue commercial paper under our current programs , or could also adversely affect our ability to renew existing , or negotiate new , credit facilities in the future and could increase the cost of these facilities . should this occur , we could seek additional sources of funding , including issuing additional term notes or bonds . in addition , we have the ability , at our option , to draw upon our $ 2.0 billion of committed credit facility prior to termination . we are in compliance with our debt covenants and other requirements of our credit agreements and indentures . a schedule of our obligations as of december 31 , 2016 under various notes payable , long-term debt agreements , operating leases with noncancelable terms in excess of one year and interest obligations are summarized in the following table: . ( millions ) | total | payments due by period less than 1 year | payments due by period 2-3 years | payments due by period 4-5 years | payments due by period more than 5 years ------------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- notes payable | $ 30 | $ 30 | $ - | $ - | $ - commercial paper | - | - | - | - | - long-term debt | 6652 | 510 | 967 | 1567 | 3608 capital lease obligations | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 operating leases | 431 | 102 | 153 | 105 | 71 interest* | 2261 | 218 | 396 | 360 | 1287 total | $ 9379 | $ 861 | $ 1517 | $ 2033 | $ 4968 * interest on variable rate debt was calculated using the interest rate at year-end 2016 . as of december 31 , 2016 , our gross liability for uncertain tax positions was $ 76 million . we are not able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over an extended period of time or whether a cash settlement of the liability will be required . therefore , these amounts have been excluded from the schedule of contractual obligations.
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adobe systems incorporated notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) we review our goodwill for impairment annually , or more frequently , if facts and circumstances warrant a review . we completed our annual impairment test in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 . we elected to use the step 1 quantitative assessment for our reporting units and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill . there is no significant risk of material goodwill impairment in any of our reporting units , based upon the results of our annual goodwill impairment test . we amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives and review them for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists . we continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of our long-lived assets , including our intangible assets may not be recoverable . when such events or changes in circumstances occur , we assess recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows . if the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets , we recognize an impairment loss based on any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets . we did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal 2014 , 2013 or 2012 . our intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 1 to 14 years . amortization is based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset will be consumed or on a straight-line basis when the consumption pattern is not apparent . the weighted average useful lives of our intangible assets were as follows : weighted average useful life ( years ) . | weighted averageuseful life ( years ) ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- purchased technology | 6 customer contracts and relationships | 10 trademarks | 8 acquired rights to use technology | 8 localization | 1 other intangibles | 3 software development costs capitalization of software development costs for software to be sold , leased , or otherwise marketed begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility , which is generally the completion of a working prototype that has been certified as having no critical bugs and is a release candidate . amortization begins once the software is ready for its intended use , generally based on the pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed . to date , software development costs incurred between completion of a working prototype and general availability of the related product have not been material . internal use software we capitalize costs associated with customized internal-use software systems that have reached the application development stage . such capitalized costs include external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the applications and payroll and payroll-related expenses for employees , who are directly associated with the development of the applications . capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases at the point in which the project is substantially complete and is ready for its intended purpose . income taxes we use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes . under this method , income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year . in addition , deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities , and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards . we record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount for which realization is more likely than not . taxes collected from customers we net taxes collected from customers against those remitted to government authorities in our financial statements . accordingly , taxes collected from customers are not reported as revenue.
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notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows ( in thousands ) : . balance at september 29 2007 | $ 7315 ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------ increases based on positions related to prior years | 351 increases based on positions related to current year | 813 decreases relating to lapses of applicable statutes of limitations | -605 ( 605 ) balance at october 3 2008 | $ 7874 the company 2019s major tax jurisdictions as of october 3 , 2008 for fin 48 are the u.s. , california , and iowa . for the u.s. , the company has open tax years dating back to fiscal year 1998 due to the carryforward of tax attributes . for california , the company has open tax years dating back to fiscal year 2002 due to the carryforward of tax attributes . for iowa , the company has open tax years dating back to fiscal year 2002 due to the carryforward of tax attributes . during the year ended october 3 , 2008 , the statute of limitations period expired relating to an unrecognized tax benefit . the expiration of the statute of limitations period resulted in the recognition of $ 0.6 million of previously unrecognized tax benefit , which impacted the effective tax rate , and $ 0.5 million of accrued interest related to this tax position was reversed during the year . including this reversal , total year-to-date accrued interest related to the company 2019s unrecognized tax benefits was a benefit of $ 0.4 million . 10 . stockholders 2019 equity common stock the company is authorized to issue ( 1 ) 525000000 shares of common stock , par value $ 0.25 per share , and ( 2 ) 25000000 shares of preferred stock , without par value . holders of the company 2019s common stock are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by the company 2019s board of directors out of funds legally available for such purpose . dividends may not be paid on common stock unless all accrued dividends on preferred stock , if any , have been paid or declared and set aside . in the event of the company 2019s liquidation , dissolution or winding up , the holders of common stock will be entitled to share pro rata in the assets remaining after payment to creditors and after payment of the liquidation preference plus any unpaid dividends to holders of any outstanding preferred stock . each holder of the company 2019s common stock is entitled to one vote for each such share outstanding in the holder 2019s name . no holder of common stock is entitled to cumulate votes in voting for directors . the company 2019s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that , unless otherwise determined by the company 2019s board of directors , no holder of common stock has any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any stock of any class which the company may issue or sell . in march 2007 , the company repurchased approximately 4.3 million of its common shares for $ 30.1 million as authorized by the company 2019s board of directors . the company has no publicly disclosed stock repurchase plans . at october 3 , 2008 , the company had 170322804 shares of common stock issued and 165591830 shares outstanding . preferred stock the company 2019s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits the company to issue up to 25000000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and with rights and preferences that may be fixed or designated by the company 2019s board of directors without any further action by the company 2019s stockholders . the designation , powers , preferences , rights and qualifications , limitations and restrictions of the preferred stock of each skyworks solutions , inc . 2008 annual report %%transmsg*** transmitting job : a51732 pcn : 099000000 ***%%pcmsg|103 |00005|yes|no|03/26/2009 13:34|0|0|page is valid , no graphics -- color : d|
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appropriate statistical bases . total expense for repairs and maintenance incurred was $ 2.5 billion for 2015 , $ 2.4 billion for 2014 , and $ 2.3 billion for 2013 . assets held under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease . amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the period of the related lease . 13 . accounts payable and other current liabilities dec . 31 , dec . 31 , millions 2015 2014 . millions | dec . 31 2015 | dec . 31 2014 ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------- accounts payable | $ 743 | $ 877 income and other taxes payable | 434 | 412 accrued wages and vacation | 391 | 409 interest payable | 208 | 178 accrued casualty costs | 181 | 249 equipment rents payable | 105 | 100 dividends payable [a] | - | 438 other | 550 | 640 total accounts payable and other current liabilities | $ 2612 | $ 3303 [a] beginning in 2015 , the timing of the dividend declaration and payable dates was aligned to occur within the same quarter . the 2015 dividends paid amount includes the fourth quarter 2014 dividend of $ 438 million , which was paid on january 2 , 2015 , the first quarter 2015 dividend of $ 484 million , which was paid on march 30 , 2015 , the second quarter 2015 dividend of $ 479 million , which was paid on june 30 , 2015 , the third quarter 2015 dividend of $ 476 million , which was paid on september 30 , 2015 , as well as the fourth quarter 2015 dividend of $ 467 million , which was paid on december 30 , 2015 . 14 . financial instruments strategy and risk 2013 we may use derivative financial instruments in limited instances for other than trading purposes to assist in managing our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and fuel prices . we are not a party to leveraged derivatives and , by policy , do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes . derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting must maintain a specified level of effectiveness between the hedging instrument and the item being hedged , both at inception and throughout the hedged period . we formally document the nature and relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items at inception , as well as our risk- management objectives , strategies for undertaking the various hedge transactions , and method of assessing hedge effectiveness . changes in the fair market value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are charged to earnings . we may use swaps , collars , futures , and/or forward contracts to mitigate the risk of adverse movements in interest rates and fuel prices ; however , the use of these derivative financial instruments may limit future benefits from favorable interest rate and fuel price movements . market and credit risk 2013 we address market risk related to derivative financial instruments by selecting instruments with value fluctuations that highly correlate with the underlying hedged item . we manage credit risk related to derivative financial instruments , which is minimal , by requiring high credit standards for counterparties and periodic settlements . at december 31 , 2015 , and 2014 , we were not required to provide collateral , nor had we received collateral , relating to our hedging activities . interest rate fair value hedges 2013 we manage our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by adjusting the proportion of fixed and floating rate debt instruments within our debt portfolio over a given period . we generally manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt through the issuance of targeted amounts of each as debt matures or as we require incremental borrowings . we employ derivatives , primarily swaps , as one of the tools to obtain the targeted mix . in addition , we also obtain flexibility in managing interest costs and the interest rate mix within our debt portfolio by evaluating the issuance of and managing outstanding callable fixed-rate debt securities . swaps allow us to convert debt from fixed rates to variable rates and thereby hedge the risk of changes in the debt 2019s fair value attributable to the changes in interest rates . we account for swaps as fair value hedges using the short-cut method ; therefore , we do not record any ineffectiveness within our
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compared with $ 6.2 billion in 2013 . operating profits in 2015 were significantly higher than in both 2014 and 2013 . excluding facility closure costs , impairment costs and other special items , operating profits in 2015 were 3% ( 3 % ) lower than in 2014 and 4% ( 4 % ) higher than in 2013 . benefits from lower input costs ( $ 18 million ) , lower costs associated with the closure of our courtland , alabama mill ( $ 44 million ) and favorable foreign exchange ( $ 33 million ) were offset by lower average sales price realizations and mix ( $ 52 million ) , lower sales volumes ( $ 16 million ) , higher operating costs ( $ 18 million ) and higher planned maintenance downtime costs ( $ 26 million ) . in addition , operating profits in 2014 include special items costs of $ 554 million associated with the closure of our courtland , alabama mill . during 2013 , the company accelerated depreciation for certain courtland assets , and evaluated certain other assets for possible alternative uses by one of our other businesses . the net book value of these assets at december 31 , 2013 was approximately $ 470 million . in the first quarter of 2014 , we completed our evaluation and concluded that there were no alternative uses for these assets . we recognized approximately $ 464 million of accelerated depreciation related to these assets in 2014 . operating profits in 2014 also include a charge of $ 32 million associated with a foreign tax amnesty program , and a gain of $ 20 million for the resolution of a legal contingency in india , while operating profits in 2013 included costs of $ 118 million associated with the announced closure of our courtland , alabama mill and a $ 123 million impairment charge associated with goodwill and a trade name intangible asset in our india papers business . printing papers . in millions | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 ------------------------- | ------ | ---------- | ------ sales | $ 5031 | $ 5720 | $ 6205 operating profit ( loss ) | 533 | -16 ( 16 ) | 271 north american printing papers net sales were $ 1.9 billion in 2015 , $ 2.1 billion in 2014 and $ 2.6 billion in 2013 . operating profits in 2015 were $ 179 million compared with a loss of $ 398 million ( a gain of $ 156 million excluding costs associated with the shutdown of our courtland , alabama mill ) in 2014 and a gain of $ 36 million ( $ 154 million excluding costs associated with the courtland mill shutdown ) in 2013 . sales volumes in 2015 decreased compared with 2014 primarily due to the closure of our courtland mill in 2014 . shipments to the domestic market increased , but export shipments declined . average sales price realizations decreased , primarily in the domestic market . input costs were lower , mainly for energy . planned maintenance downtime costs were $ 12 million higher in 2015 . operating profits in 2014 were negatively impacted by costs associated with the shutdown of our courtland , alabama mill . entering the first quarter of 2016 , sales volumes are expected to be up slightly compared with the fourth quarter of 2015 . average sales margins should be about flat reflecting lower average sales price realizations offset by a more favorable product mix . input costs are expected to be stable . planned maintenance downtime costs are expected to be about $ 14 million lower with an outage scheduled in the 2016 first quarter at our georgetown mill compared with outages at our eastover and riverdale mills in the 2015 fourth quarter . in january 2015 , the united steelworkers , domtar corporation , packaging corporation of america , finch paper llc and p . h . glatfelter company ( the petitioners ) filed an anti-dumping petition before the united states international trade commission ( itc ) and the united states department of commerce ( doc ) alleging that paper producers in china , indonesia , australia , brazil , and portugal are selling uncoated free sheet paper in sheet form ( the products ) in violation of international trade rules . the petitioners also filed a countervailing-duties petition with these agencies regarding imports of the products from china and indonesia . in january 2016 , the doc announced its final countervailing duty rates on imports of the products to the united states from certain producers from china and indonesia . also , in january 2016 , the doc announced its final anti-dumping duty rates on imports of the products to the united states from certain producers from australia , brazil , china , indonesia and portugal . in february 2016 , the itc concluded its anti- dumping and countervailing duties investigations and made a final determination that the u.s . market had been injured by imports of the products . accordingly , the doc 2019s previously announced countervailing duty rates and anti-dumping duty rates will be in effect for a minimum of five years . we do not believe the impact of these rates will have a material , adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements . brazilian papers net sales for 2015 were $ 878 million compared with $ 1.1 billion in 2014 and $ 1.1 billion in 2013 . operating profits for 2015 were $ 186 million compared with $ 177 million ( $ 209 million excluding costs associated with a tax amnesty program ) in 2014 and $ 210 million in 2013 . sales volumes in 2015 were lower compared with 2014 reflecting weak economic conditions and the absence of 2014 one-time events . average sales price realizations improved for domestic uncoated freesheet paper due to the realization of price increases implemented in the second half of 2015 . margins were unfavorably affected by an increased proportion of sales to the lower-margin export markets . raw material costs increased for energy and wood . operating costs were higher than in 2014 , while planned maintenance downtime costs were $ 4 million lower.
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customary conditions . we will retain a 20% ( 20 % ) equity interest in the joint venture . as of december 31 , 2008 , the joint venture has acquired seven properties from us and we received year-to-date net sale proceeds and financing distributions of approximately $ 251.6 million . in january 2008 , we sold a tract of land to an unconsolidated joint venture in which we hold a 50% ( 50 % ) equity interest and received a distribution , commensurate to our partner 2019s 50% ( 50 % ) ownership interest , of approximately $ 38.3 million . in november 2008 , that unconsolidated joint venture entered a loan agreement with a consortium of banks and distributed a portion of the loan proceeds to us and our partner , with our share of the distribution totaling $ 20.4 million . uses of liquidity our principal uses of liquidity include the following : 2022 property investment ; 2022 recurring leasing/capital costs ; 2022 dividends and distributions to shareholders and unitholders ; 2022 long-term debt maturities ; 2022 opportunistic repurchases of outstanding debt ; and 2022 other contractual obligations . property investment we evaluate development and acquisition opportunities based upon market outlook , supply and long-term growth potential . our ability to make future property investments is dependent upon our continued access to our longer-term sources of liquidity including the issuances of debt or equity securities as well as disposing of selected properties . in light of current economic conditions , management continues to evaluate our investment priorities and we are limiting new development expenditures . recurring expenditures one of our principal uses of our liquidity is to fund the recurring leasing/capital expenditures of our real estate investments . the following is a summary of our recurring capital expenditures for the years ended december 31 , 2008 , 2007 and 2006 , respectively ( in thousands ) : . | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 ----------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- recurring tenant improvements | $ 36885 | $ 45296 | $ 41895 recurring leasing costs | 28205 | 32238 | 32983 building improvements | 9724 | 8402 | 8122 totals | $ 74814 | $ 85936 | $ 83000 dividends and distributions in order to qualify as a reit for federal income tax purposes , we must currently distribute at least 90% ( 90 % ) of our taxable income to shareholders . because depreciation is a non-cash expense , cash flow will typically be greater than operating income . we paid dividends per share of $ 1.93 , $ 1.91 and $ 1.89 for the years ended december 31 , 2008 , 2007 and 2006 , respectively . we expect to continue to distribute taxable earnings to meet the requirements to maintain our reit status . however , distributions are declared at the discretion of our board of directors and are subject to actual cash available for distribution , our financial condition , capital requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant . in january 2009 , our board of directors resolved to decrease our annual dividend from $ 1.94 per share to $ 1.00 per share in order to retain additional cash to help meet our capital needs . we anticipate retaining additional cash of approximately $ 145.2 million per year , when compared to an annual dividend of $ 1.94 per share , as the result of this action . at december 31 , 2008 we had six series of preferred shares outstanding . the annual dividend rates on our preferred shares range between 6.5% ( 6.5 % ) and 8.375% ( 8.375 % ) and are paid in arrears quarterly.
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market street commitments by credit rating ( a ) december 31 , december 31 . | december 31 2009 | december 312008 ------- | ---------------- | --------------- aaa/aaa | 14% ( 14 % ) | 19% ( 19 % ) aa/aa | 50 | 6 a/a | 34 | 72 bbb/baa | 2 | 3 total | 100% ( 100 % ) | 100% ( 100 % ) ( a ) the majority of our facilities are not explicitly rated by the rating agencies . all facilities are structured to meet rating agency standards for applicable rating levels . we evaluated the design of market street , its capital structure , the note , and relationships among the variable interest holders . based on this analysis and under accounting guidance effective during 2009 and 2008 , we are not the primary beneficiary and therefore the assets and liabilities of market street are not included on our consolidated balance sheet . we considered changes to the variable interest holders ( such as new expected loss note investors and changes to program- level credit enhancement providers ) , terms of expected loss notes , and new types of risks related to market street as reconsideration events . we reviewed the activities of market street on at least a quarterly basis to determine if a reconsideration event has occurred . tax credit investments we make certain equity investments in various limited partnerships or limited liability companies ( llcs ) that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the low income housing tax credit ( lihtc ) pursuant to sections 42 and 47 of the internal revenue code . the purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital , to facilitate the sale of additional affordable housing product offerings and to assist us in achieving goals associated with the community reinvestment act . the primary activities of the investments include the identification , development and operation of multi-family housing that is leased to qualifying residential tenants . generally , these types of investments are funded through a combination of debt and equity . we typically invest in these partnerships as a limited partner or non-managing member . also , we are a national syndicator of affordable housing equity ( together with the investments described above , the 201clihtc investments 201d ) . in these syndication transactions , we create funds in which our subsidiaries are the general partner or managing member and sell limited partnership or non-managing member interests to third parties , and in some cases may also purchase a limited partnership or non-managing member interest in the fund . the purpose of this business is to generate income from the syndication of these funds , generate servicing fees by managing the funds , and earn tax credits to reduce our tax liability . general partner or managing member activities include selecting , evaluating , structuring , negotiating , and closing the fund investments in operating limited partnerships , as well as oversight of the ongoing operations of the fund portfolio . we evaluate our interests and third party interests in the limited partnerships/llcs in determining whether we are the primary beneficiary . the primary beneficiary determination is based on which party absorbs a majority of the variability . the primary sources of variability in lihtc investments are the tax credits , tax benefits due to passive losses on the investments and development and operating cash flows . we have consolidated lihtc investments in which we absorb a majority of the variability and thus are considered the primary beneficiary . the assets are primarily included in equity investments and other assets on our consolidated balance sheet with the liabilities classified in other liabilities and third party investors 2019 interests included in the equity section as noncontrolling interests . neither creditors nor equity investors in the lihtc investments have any recourse to our general credit . the consolidated aggregate assets and liabilities of these lihtc investments are provided in the consolidated vies 2013 pnc is primary beneficiary table and reflected in the 201cother 201d business segment . we also have lihtc investments in which we are not the primary beneficiary , but are considered to have a significant variable interest based on our interests in the partnership/llc . these investments are disclosed in the non-consolidated vies 2013 significant variable interests table . the table also reflects our maximum exposure to loss . our maximum exposure to loss is equal to our legally binding equity commitments adjusted for recorded impairment and partnership results . we use the equity and cost methods to account for our investment in these entities with the investments reflected in equity investments on our consolidated balance sheet . in addition , we increase our recognized investments and recognize a liability for all legally binding unfunded equity commitments . these liabilities are reflected in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet . credit risk transfer transaction national city bank , ( a former pnc subsidiary which merged into pnc bank , n.a . in november 2009 ) sponsored a special purpose entity ( spe ) and concurrently entered into a credit risk transfer agreement with an independent third party to mitigate credit losses on a pool of nonconforming mortgage loans originated by its former first franklin business unit . the spe was formed with a small equity contribution and was structured as a bankruptcy-remote entity so that its creditors have no recourse to us . in exchange for a perfected security interest in the cash flows of the nonconforming mortgage loans , the spe issued to us asset-backed securities in the form of senior , mezzanine , and subordinated equity notes . the spe was deemed to be a vie as its equity was not sufficient to finance its activities . we were determined to be the primary beneficiary of the spe as we would absorb the majority of the expected losses of the spe through our holding of the asset-backed securities . accordingly , this spe was consolidated and all of the entity 2019s assets , liabilities , and
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five-year performance comparison 2013 the following graph provides an indicator of cumulative total shareholder returns for the corporation as compared to the peer group index ( described above ) , the dow jones , and the s&p 500 . the graph assumes that the value of the investment in the common stock of union pacific corporation and each index was $ 100 on december 31 , 2002 , and that all dividends were reinvested . comparison of five-year cumulative return 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 upc s&p 500 peer group dj trans purchases of equity securities 2013 during 2007 , we repurchased 13266070 shares of our common stock at an average price of $ 115.66 . during the first nine months of 2007 , we repurchased 10639916 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $ 112.68 . the following table presents common stock repurchases during each month for the fourth quarter of 2007 : period number of shares purchased average paid per total number of shares purchased as part of a publicly announced plan or program maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan or program . period | totalnumber ofsharespurchased[a] | averagepricepaid pershare | total number of sharespurchased as part of apublicly announcedplan orprogram | maximum number ofshares that may yetbe purchased underthe plan orprogram[b] ------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- oct . 1 through oct . 31 | 99782 | $ 128.78 | - | 9774279 nov . 1 through nov . 30 | 540294 | 124.70 | 528000 | 9246279 dec . 1 through dec . 31 | 1986078 | 128.53 | 1869800 | 7376479 total | 2626154 | $ 127.75 | 2397800 | n/a [a] total number of shares purchased during the quarter includes 228354 shares delivered or attested to upc by employees to pay stock option exercise prices , satisfy excess tax withholding obligations for stock option exercises or vesting of retention units , and pay withholding obligations for vesting of retention shares . [b] on january 30 , 2007 , our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to 20 million shares of our common stock through december 31 , 2009 . we may make these repurchases on the open market or through other transactions . our management has sole discretion with respect to determining the timing and amount of these transactions.
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cash flows from operations . in millions | fiscal year 2018 | fiscal year 2017 | fiscal year 2016 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- net earnings including earnings attributable to redeemable and noncontrollinginterests | $ 2163.0 | $ 1701.1 | $ 1736.8 depreciation and amortization | 618.8 | 603.6 | 608.1 after-taxearnings from joint ventures | -84.7 ( 84.7 ) | -85.0 ( 85.0 ) | -88.4 ( 88.4 ) distributions of earnings from joint ventures | 113.2 | 75.6 | 75.1 stock-based compensation | 77.0 | 95.7 | 89.8 deferred income taxes | -504.3 ( 504.3 ) | 183.9 | 120.6 pension and other postretirement benefit plan contributions | -31.8 ( 31.8 ) | -45.4 ( 45.4 ) | -47.8 ( 47.8 ) pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs | 4.6 | 35.7 | 118.1 divestitures loss ( gain ) | - | 13.5 | -148.2 ( 148.2 ) restructuring impairment and other exit costs | 126.0 | 117.0 | 107.2 changes in current assets and liabilities excluding the effects of acquisitions anddivestitures | 542.1 | -194.2 ( 194.2 ) | 298.5 other net | -182.9 ( 182.9 ) | -86.3 ( 86.3 ) | -105.6 ( 105.6 ) net cash provided by operating activities | $ 2841.0 | $ 2415.2 | $ 2764.2 in fiscal 2018 , cash provided by operations was $ 2.8 billion compared to $ 2.4 billion in fiscal 2017 . the $ 426 million increase was primarily driven by the $ 462 million increase in net earnings and the $ 736 million change in current assets and liabilities , partially offset by a $ 688 million change in deferred income taxes . the change in deferred income taxes was primarily related to the $ 638 million provisional benefit from revaluing our net u.s . deferred tax liabilities to reflect the new u.s . corporate tax rate as a result of the tcja . the $ 736 million change in current assets and liabilities was primarily due to changes in accounts payable of $ 476 million related to the extension of payment terms and timing of payments , and $ 264 million of changes in other current liabilities primarily driven by changes in income taxes payable , trade and advertising accruals , and incentive accruals . we strive to grow core working capital at or below the rate of growth in our net sales . for fiscal 2018 , core working capital decreased 27 percent , compared to a net sales increase of 1 percent . in fiscal 2017 , core working capital increased 9 percent , compared to a net sales decline of 6 percent , and in fiscal 2016 , core working capital decreased 41 percent , compared to net sales decline of 6 percent . in fiscal 2017 , our operations generated $ 2.4 billion of cash , compared to $ 2.8 billion in fiscal 2016 . the $ 349 million decrease was primarily driven by a $ 493 million change in current assets and liabilities . the $ 493 million change in current assets and liabilities was primarily due to changes in other current liabilities driven by changes in income taxes payable , a decrease in incentive accruals , and changes in trade and advertising accruals due to reduced spending . the change in current assets and liabilities was also impacted by the timing of accounts payable . additionally , we recorded a $ 14 million loss on a divestiture during fiscal 2017 , compared to a $ 148 million net gain on divestitures during fiscal 2016 , and classified the related cash flows as investing activities.
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the fair value of the psu award at the date of grant is amortized to expense over the performance period , which is typically three years after the date of the award , or upon death , disability or reaching the age of 58 . as of december 31 , 2017 , pmi had $ 34 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested psu awards . this cost is recognized over a weighted-average performance cycle period of two years , or upon death , disability or reaching the age of 58 . during the years ended december 31 , 2017 , and 2016 , there were no psu awards that vested . pmi did not grant any psu awards during note 10 . earnings per share : unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and therefore are included in pmi 2019s earnings per share calculation pursuant to the two-class method . basic and diluted earnings per share ( 201ceps 201d ) were calculated using the following: . ( in millions ) | for the years ended december 31 , 2017 | for the years ended december 31 , 2016 | for the years ended december 31 , 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- net earnings attributable to pmi | $ 6035 | $ 6967 | $ 6873 less distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to share-based payment awards | 14 | 19 | 24 net earnings for basic and diluted eps | $ 6021 | $ 6948 | $ 6849 weighted-average shares for basic eps | 1552 | 1551 | 1549 plus contingently issuable performance stock units ( psus ) | 1 | 2014 | 2014 weighted-average shares for diluted eps | 1553 | 1551 | 1549 for the 2017 , 2016 and 2015 computations , there were no antidilutive stock options.
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entergy corporation notes to consolidated financial statements ( d ) the bonds are subject to mandatory tender for purchase from the holders at 100% ( 100 % ) of the principal amount outstanding on october 1 , 2003 and will then be remarketed . ( e ) on june 1 , 2002 , entergy louisiana remarketed $ 55 million st . charles parish pollution control revenue refunding bonds due 2030 , resetting the interest rate to 4.9% ( 4.9 % ) through may 2005 . ( f ) the bonds are subject to mandatory tender for purchase from the holders at 100% ( 100 % ) of the principal amount outstanding on june 1 , 2005 and will then be remarketed . ( g ) the fair value excludes lease obligations , long-term doe obligations , and other long-term debt and includes debt due within one year . it is determined using bid prices reported by dealer markets and by nationally recognized investment banking firms . the annual long-term debt maturities ( excluding lease obligations ) and annual cash sinking fund requirements for debt outstanding as of december 31 , 2002 , for the next five years are as follows ( in thousands ) : . 2003 | $ 1150786 ---- | --------- 2004 | $ 925005 2005 | $ 540372 2006 | $ 139952 2007 | $ 475288 not included are other sinking fund requirements of approximately $ 30.2 million annually , which may be satisfied by cash or by certification of property additions at the rate of 167% ( 167 % ) of such requirements . in december 2002 , when the damhead creek project was sold , the buyer of the project assumed all obligations under the damhead creek credit facilities and the damhead creek interest rate swap agreements . in november 2000 , entergy's non-utility nuclear business purchased the fitzpatrick and indian point 3 power plants in a seller-financed transaction . entergy issued notes to nypa with seven annual installments of approximately $ 108 million commencing one year from the date of the closing , and eight annual installments of $ 20 million commencing eight years from the date of the closing . these notes do not have a stated interest rate , but have an implicit interest rate of 4.8% ( 4.8 % ) . in accordance with the purchase agreement with nypa , the purchase of indian point 2 resulted in entergy's non-utility nuclear business becoming liable to nypa for an additional $ 10 million per year for 10 years , beginning in september 2003 . this liability was recorded upon the purchase of indian point 2 in september 2001 . covenants in the entergy corporation 7.75% ( 7.75 % ) notes require it to maintain a consolidated debt ratio of 65% ( 65 % ) or less of its total capitalization . if entergy's debt ratio exceeds this limit , or if entergy or certain of the domestic utility companies default on other credit facilities or are in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings , an acceleration of the facility's maturity may occur . in january 2003 , entergy paid in full , at maturity , the outstanding debt relating to the top of iowa wind project . capital funds agreement pursuant to an agreement with certain creditors , entergy corporation has agreed to supply system energy with sufficient capital to : fffd maintain system energy's equity capital at a minimum of 35% ( 35 % ) of its total capitalization ( excluding short-term debt ) ; fffd permit the continued commercial operation of grand gulf 1 ; fffd pay in full all system energy indebtedness for borrowed money when due ; and fffd enable system energy to make payments on specific system energy debt , under supplements to the agreement assigning system energy's rights in the agreement as security for the specific debt.
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item 5 . market for the registrant 2019s common equity , related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities the following graph compares annual total return of our common stock , the standard & poor 2019s 500 composite stock index ( 201cs&p 500 index 201d ) and our peer group ( 201cloews peer group 201d ) for the five years ended december 31 , 2016 . the graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock , the s&p 500 index and the loews peer group was $ 100 on december 31 , 2011 and that all dividends were reinvested. . | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 ---------------------- | ----- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ loews common stock | 100.0 | 108.91 | 129.64 | 113.59 | 104.47 | 128.19 s&p 500 index | 100.0 | 116.00 | 153.57 | 174.60 | 177.01 | 198.18 loews peer group ( a ) | 100.0 | 113.39 | 142.85 | 150.44 | 142.44 | 165.34 ( a ) the loews peer group consists of the following companies that are industry competitors of our principal operating subsidiaries : chubb limited ( name change from ace limited after it acquired the chubb corporation on january 15 , 2016 ) , w.r . berkley corporation , the chubb corporation ( included through january 15 , 2016 when it was acquired by ace limited ) , energy transfer partners l.p. , ensco plc , the hartford financial services group , inc. , kinder morgan energy partners , l.p . ( included through november 26 , 2014 when it was acquired by kinder morgan inc. ) , noble corporation , spectra energy corp , transocean ltd . and the travelers companies , inc . dividend information we have paid quarterly cash dividends in each year since 1967 . regular dividends of $ 0.0625 per share of loews common stock were paid in each calendar quarter of 2016 and 2015.
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the aes corporation notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) december 31 , 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits anticipated to result in a net decrease to unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of december 31 , 2017 is estimated to be between $ 5 million and $ 15 million , primarily relating to statute of limitation lapses and tax exam settlements . the following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the periods indicated ( in millions ) : . december 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 ------------------------------------------- | -------- | ---------- | ---------- balance at january 1 | $ 352 | $ 364 | $ 384 additions for current year tax positions | 2014 | 2 | 2 additions for tax positions of prior years | 2 | 1 | 12 reductions for tax positions of prior years | -5 ( 5 ) | -1 ( 1 ) | -7 ( 7 ) effects of foreign currency translation | 2014 | 2014 | -3 ( 3 ) settlements | 2014 | -13 ( 13 ) | -17 ( 17 ) lapse of statute of limitations | -1 ( 1 ) | -1 ( 1 ) | -7 ( 7 ) balance at december 31 | $ 348 | $ 352 | $ 364 the company and certain of its subsidiaries are currently under examination by the relevant taxing authorities for various tax years . the company regularly assesses the potential outcome of these examinations in each of the taxing jurisdictions when determining the adequacy of the amount of unrecognized tax benefit recorded . while it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position , we believe we have appropriately accrued for our uncertain tax benefits . however , audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements and future events that would impact our previously recorded unrecognized tax benefits and the range of anticipated increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits are subject to significant uncertainty . it is possible that the ultimate outcome of current or future examinations may exceed our provision for current unrecognized tax benefits in amounts that could be material , but cannot be estimated as of december 31 , 2017 . our effective tax rate and net income in any given future period could therefore be materially impacted . 21 . discontinued operations due to a portfolio evaluation in the first half of 2016 , management decided to pursue a strategic shift of its distribution companies in brazil , sul and eletropaulo , to reduce the company's exposure to the brazilian distribution market . eletropaulo 2014 in november 2017 , eletropaulo converted its preferred shares into ordinary shares and transitioned the listing of those shares into the novo mercado , which is a listing segment of the brazilian stock exchange with the highest standards of corporate governance . upon conversion of the preferred shares into ordinary shares , aes no longer controlled eletropaulo , but maintained significant influence over the business . as a result , the company deconsolidated eletropaulo . after deconsolidation , the company's 17% ( 17 % ) ownership interest is reflected as an equity method investment . the company recorded an after-tax loss on deconsolidation of $ 611 million , which primarily consisted of $ 455 million related to cumulative translation losses and $ 243 million related to pension losses reclassified from aocl . in december 2017 , all the remaining criteria were met for eletropaulo to qualify as a discontinued operation . therefore , its results of operations and financial position were reported as such in the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented . eletropaulo's pre-tax loss attributable to aes , including the loss on deconsolidation , for the years ended december 31 , 2017 and 2016 was $ 633 million and $ 192 million , respectively . eletropaulo's pre-tax income attributable to aes for the year ended december 31 , 2015 was $ 73 million . prior to its classification as discontinued operations , eletropaulo was reported in the brazil sbu reportable segment . sul 2014 the company executed an agreement for the sale of sul , a wholly-owned subsidiary , in june 2016 . the results of operations and financial position of sul are reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented . upon meeting the held-for-sale criteria , the company recognized an after-tax loss of $ 382 million comprised of a pre-tax impairment charge of $ 783 million , offset by a tax benefit of $ 266 million related to the impairment of the sul long lived assets and a tax benefit of $ 135 million for deferred taxes related to the investment in sul . prior to the impairment charge , the carrying value of the sul asset group of $ 1.6 billion was greater than its approximate fair value less costs to sell . however , the impairment charge was limited to the carrying value of the long lived assets of the sul disposal group . on october 31 , 2016 , the company completed the sale of sul and received final proceeds less costs to sell of $ 484 million , excluding contingent consideration . upon disposal of sul , the company incurred an additional after-tax
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risks related to our common stock our stock price is extremely volatile . the trading price of our common stock has been extremely volatile and may continue to be volatile in the future . many factors could have an impact on our stock price , including fluctuations in our or our competitors 2019 operating results , clinical trial results or adverse events associated with our products , product development by us or our competitors , changes in laws , including healthcare , tax or intellectual property laws , intellectual property developments , changes in reimbursement or drug pricing , the existence or outcome of litigation or government proceedings , including the sec/doj investigation , failure to resolve , delays in resolving or other developments with respect to the issues raised in the warning letter , acquisitions or other strategic transactions , and the perceptions of our investors that we are not performing or meeting expectations . the trading price of the common stock of many biopharmaceutical companies , including ours , has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations , which have at times been unrelated to the operating performance of the companies whose stocks were affected . anti-takeover provisions in our charter and bylaws and under delaware law could make a third-party acquisition of us difficult and may frustrate any attempt to remove or replace our current management . our corporate charter and by-law provisions may discourage certain types of transactions involving an actual or potential change of control that might be beneficial to us or our stockholders . our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board , the president , the secretary , or a majority of the board of directors , or upon the written request of stockholders who together own of record 25% ( 25 % ) of the outstanding stock of all classes entitled to vote at such meeting . our bylaws also specify that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the board of directors . our charter does not include a provision for cumulative voting for directors , which may have enabled a minority stockholder holding a sufficient percentage of a class of shares to elect one or more directors . under our charter , our board of directors has the authority , without further action by stockholders , to designate up to 5 shares of preferred stock in one or more series . the rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to , and may be adversely affected by , the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock that may be issued in the future . because we are a delaware corporation , the anti-takeover provisions of delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us , even if the change in control would be beneficial to stockholders . we are subject to the provisions of section 203 of the delaware general laws , which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% ( 15 % ) of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% ( 15 % ) of our outstanding voting stock , unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner . item 1b . unresolved staff comments . item 2 . properties . we conduct our primary operations at the owned and leased facilities described below . location operations conducted approximate square feet expiration new haven , connecticut corporate headquarters and executive , sales , research and development offices 514000 2030 dublin , ireland global supply chain , distribution , and administration offices 160000 owned . location | operations conducted | approximatesquare feet | leaseexpirationdates ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- new haven connecticut | corporate headquarters and executive sales research and development offices | 514000 | 2030 dublin ireland | global supply chain distribution and administration offices | 160000 | owned athlone ireland | commercial research and development manufacturing | 80000 | owned lexington massachusetts | research and development offices | 81000 | 2019 bogart georgia | commercial research and development manufacturing | 70000 | owned smithfield rhode island | commercial research and development manufacturing | 67000 | owned zurich switzerland | regional executive and sales offices | 69000 | 2025 we believe that our administrative office space is adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future . we also believe that our research and development facilities and our manufacturing facilities , together with third party manufacturing facilities , will be adequate for our on-going activities . in addition to the locations above , we also lease space in other u.s . locations and in foreign countries to support our operations as a global organization.
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as of december 31 , 2015 , the future minimum payments due under the lease financing obligation were as follows ( in thousands ) : years ending december 31 . 2016 | $ 5754 --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- 2017 | 5933 2018 | 6113 2019 | 6293 2020 | 6477 thereafter | 18810 total payments | 49380 less : interest and land lease expense | -30463 ( 30463 ) total payments under facility financing obligations | 18917 property reverting to landlord | 23629 present value of obligation | 42546 less current portion | -1336 ( 1336 ) long-term portion of obligation | $ 41210 upon completion of construction in 2013 , we evaluated the de-recognition of the asset and liability under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance . we concluded that we had forms of continued economic involvement in the facility , and therefore did not meet with the provisions for sale-leaseback accounting . therefore , the lease is accounted for as a financing obligation and lease payments will be attributed to ( 1 ) a reduction of the principal financing obligation ; ( 2 ) imputed interest expense ; and ( 3 ) land lease expense ( which is considered an operating lease and a component of cost of goods sold and operating expenses ) representing an imputed cost to lease the underlying land of the building . in addition , the underlying building asset is depreciated over the building 2019s estimated useful life of 30 years . at the conclusion of the initial lease term , we will de-recognize both the net book values of the asset and the remaining financing obligation . purchase commitments we outsource most of our manufacturing and supply chain management operations to third-party contract manufacturers , who procure components and assemble products on our behalf based on our forecasts in order to reduce manufacturing lead times and ensure adequate component supply . we issue purchase orders to our contract manufacturers for finished product and a significant portion of these orders consist of firm non- cancelable commitments . in addition , we purchase strategic component inventory from certain suppliers under purchase commitments that in some cases are non-cancelable , including integrated circuits , which are consigned to our contract manufacturers . as of december 31 , 2015 , we had non-cancelable purchase commitments of $ 43.9 million to our contract manufacturers and suppliers . we have provided restricted deposits to our third-party contract manufacturers and vendors to secure our obligations to purchase inventory . we had $ 2.3 million in restricted deposits as of december 31 , 2015 and december 31 , 2014 . restricted deposits are classified in other assets in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets . guarantees we have entered into agreements with some of our direct customers and channel partners that contain indemnification provisions relating to potential situations where claims could be alleged that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of a third party . we have at our option and expense the ability to repair any infringement , replace product with a non-infringing equivalent-in-function product or refund our customers
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our international networks segment owns and operates the following television networks , which reached the following number of subscribers via pay television services as of december 31 , 2013 : global networks international subscribers ( millions ) regional networks international subscribers ( millions ) . global networks discovery channel | internationalsubscribers ( millions ) 271 | regional networks discovery kids | internationalsubscribers ( millions ) 76 --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- animal planet | 200 | sbs nordic ( a ) | 28 tlc real time and travel & living | 162 | dmax ( b ) | 16 discovery science | 81 | discovery history | 14 investigation discovery | 74 | shed | 12 discovery home & health | 64 | discovery en espanol ( u.s. ) | 5 turbo | 52 | discovery familia ( u.s. ) | 4 discovery world | 23 | gxt | 4 ( a ) number of subscribers corresponds to the collective sum of the total number of subscribers to each of the sbs nordic broadcast networks in sweden , norway , and denmark subject to retransmission agreements with pay television providers . ( b ) number of subscribers corresponds to dmax pay television networks in the u.k. , austria , switzerland and ireland . our international networks segment also owns and operates free-to-air television networks which reached 285 million cumulative viewers in europe and the middle east as of december 31 , 2013 . our free-to-air networks include dmax , fatafeat , quest , real time , giallo , frisbee , focus and k2 . similar to u.s . networks , the primary sources of revenue for international networks are fees charged to operators who distribute our networks , which primarily include cable and dth satellite service providers , and advertising sold on our television networks . international television markets vary in their stages of development . some markets , such as the u.k. , are more advanced digital television markets , while others remain in the analog environment with varying degrees of investment from operators to expand channel capacity or convert to digital technologies . common practice in some markets results in long-term contractual distribution relationships , while customers in other markets renew contracts annually . distribution revenue for our international networks segment is largely dependent on the number of subscribers that receive our networks or content , the rates negotiated in the agreements , and the market demand for the content that we provide . advertising revenue is dependent upon a number of factors including the development of pay and free-to-air television markets , the number of subscribers to and viewers of our channels , viewership demographics , the popularity of our programming , and our ability to sell commercial time over a group of channels . in certain markets , our advertising sales business operates with in-house sales teams , while we rely on external sales representation services in other markets . in developing television markets , we expect that advertising revenue growth will result from continued subscriber and viewership growth , our localization strategy , and the shift of advertising spending from traditional analog networks to channels in the multi-channel environment . in relatively mature markets , such as western europe , growth in advertising revenue will come from increasing viewership and pricing of advertising on our existing television networks and the launching of new services , both organic and through acquisitions . during 2013 , distribution , advertising and other revenues were 50% ( 50 % ) , 47% ( 47 % ) and 3% ( 3 % ) , respectively , of total net revenues for this segment . on january 21 , 2014 , we entered into an agreement with tf1 to acquire a controlling interest in eurosport international ( "eurosport" ) , a leading pan-european sports media platform , by increasing our ownership stake from 20% ( 20 % ) to 51% ( 51 % ) for cash of approximately 20ac253 million ( $ 343 million ) subject to working capital adjustments . due to regulatory constraints the acquisition initially excludes eurosport france , a subsidiary of eurosport . we will retain a 20% ( 20 % ) equity interest in eurosport france and a commitment to acquire another 31% ( 31 % ) ownership interest beginning 2015 , contingent upon resolution of all regulatory matters . the flagship eurosport network focuses on regionally popular sports such as tennis , skiing , cycling and motor sports and reaches 133 million homes across 54 countries in 20 languages . eurosport 2019s brands and platforms also include eurosport hd ( high definition simulcast ) , eurosport 2 , eurosport 2 hd ( high definition simulcast ) , eurosport asia-pacific , and eurosportnews . the acquisition is intended to increase the growth of eurosport and enhance our pay television offerings in europe . tf1 will have the right to put the entirety of its remaining 49% ( 49 % ) non-controlling interest to us for approximately two and a half years after completion of this acquisition . the put has a floor value equal to the fair value at the acquisition date if exercised in the 90 day period beginning on july 1 , 2015 and is subsequently priced at fair value if exercised in the 90 day period beginning on july 1 , 2016 . we expect the acquisition to close in the second quarter of 2014 subject to obtaining necessary regulatory approvals.
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gain on previously held equity interest on 30 december 2014 , we acquired our partner 2019s equity ownership interest in a liquefied atmospheric industrial gases production joint venture in north america for $ 22.6 , which increased our ownership from 50% ( 50 % ) to 100% ( 100 % ) . the transaction was accounted for as a business combination , and subsequent to the acquisition , the results were consolidated within our industrial gases 2013 americas segment . we recorded a gain of $ 17.9 ( $ 11.2 after-tax , or $ .05 per share ) as a result of revaluing our previously held equity interest to fair value as of the acquisition date . refer to note 6 , business combination , to the consolidated financial statements for additional details . other income ( expense ) , net items recorded to other income ( expense ) , net arise from transactions and events not directly related to our principal income earning activities . the detail of other income ( expense ) , net is presented in note 23 , supplemental information , to the consolidated financial statements . 2017 vs . 2016 other income ( expense ) , net of $ 121.0 increased $ 71.6 , primarily due to income from transition services agreements with versum and evonik , income from the sale of assets and investments , including a gain of $ 12.2 ( $ 7.6 after-tax , or $ .03 per share ) resulting from the sale of a parcel of land , and a favorable foreign exchange impact . 2016 vs . 2015 other income ( expense ) , net of $ 49.4 increased $ 3.9 , primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses , favorable contract settlements , and receipt of a government subsidy . fiscal year 2015 included a gain of $ 33.6 ( $ 28.3 after tax , or $ .13 per share ) resulting from the sale of two parcels of land . no other individual items were significant in comparison to fiscal year 2015 . interest expense . | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 --------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- interest incurred | $ 139.6 | $ 147.9 | $ 151.9 less : capitalized interest | 19.0 | 32.7 | 49.1 interest expense | $ 120.6 | $ 115.2 | $ 102.8 2017 vs . 2016 interest incurred decreased $ 8.3 as the impact from a lower average debt balance of $ 26 was partially offset by the impact from a higher average interest rate on the debt portfolio of $ 19 . the change in capitalized interest was driven by a decrease in the carrying value of projects under construction , primarily as a result of our decision to exit from the energy-from-waste business . 2016 vs . 2015 interest incurred decreased $ 4.0 . the decrease primarily resulted from a stronger u.s . dollar on the translation of foreign currency interest of $ 6 , partially offset by a higher average debt balance of $ 2 . the change in capitalized interest was driven by a decrease in the carrying value of projects under construction , primarily as a result of our exit from the energy-from-waste business . other non-operating income ( expense ) , net other non-operating income ( expense ) , net of $ 29.0 in fiscal year 2017 primarily resulted from interest income on cash and time deposits , which are comprised primarily of proceeds from the sale of pmd . interest income was included in "other income ( expense ) , net" in 2016 and 2015 . interest income in previous periods was not material . loss on extinguishment of debt on 30 september 2016 , in anticipation of the spin-off of emd , versum issued $ 425.0 of notes to air products , who then exchanged these notes with certain financial institutions for $ 418.3 of air products 2019 outstanding commercial paper . this noncash exchange , which was excluded from the consolidated statements of cash flows , resulted in a loss of $ 6.9 ( $ 4.3 after-tax , or $ .02 per share ) . in september 2015 , we made a payment of $ 146.6 to redeem 3000000 unidades de fomento ( 201cuf 201d ) series e 6.30% ( 6.30 % ) bonds due 22 january 2030 that had a carrying value of $ 130.0 and resulted in a net loss of $ 16.6 ( $ 14.2 after-tax , or $ .07 per share ) .
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entergy new orleans , inc . management's financial discussion and analysis net revenue 2008 compared to 2007 net revenue consists of operating revenues net of : 1 ) fuel , fuel-related expenses , and gas purchased for resale , 2 ) purchased power expenses , and 3 ) other regulatory charges . following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2008 to 2007 . amount ( in millions ) . | amount ( in millions ) ---------------- | ---------------------- 2007 net revenue | $ 231.0 volume/weather | 15.5 net gas revenue | 6.6 rider revenue | 3.9 base revenue | -11.3 ( 11.3 ) other | 7.0 2008 net revenue | $ 252.7 the volume/weather variance is due to an increase in electricity usage in the service territory in 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 . entergy new orleans estimates that approximately 141000 electric customers and 93000 gas customers have returned since hurricane katrina and are taking service as of december 31 , 2008 , compared to approximately 132000 electric customers and 86000 gas customers as of december 31 , 2007 . billed retail electricity usage increased a total of 184 gwh compared to the same period in 2007 , an increase of 4% ( 4 % ) . the net gas revenue variance is primarily due to an increase in base rates in march and november 2007 . refer to note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the base rate increase . the rider revenue variance is due primarily to higher total revenue and a storm reserve rider effective march 2007 as a result of the city council's approval of a settlement agreement in october 2006 . the approved storm reserve has been set to collect $ 75 million over a ten-year period through the rider and the funds will be held in a restricted escrow account . the settlement agreement is discussed in note 2 to the financial statements . the base revenue variance is primarily due to a base rate recovery credit , effective january 2008 . the base rate credit is discussed in note 2 to the financial statements . gross operating revenues and fuel and purchased power expenses gross operating revenues increased primarily due to : an increase of $ 58.9 million in gross wholesale revenue due to increased sales to affiliated customers and an increase in the average price of energy available for resale sales ; an increase of $ 47.7 million in electric fuel cost recovery revenues due to higher fuel rates and increased electricity usage ; and an increase of $ 22 million in gross gas revenues due to higher fuel recovery revenues and increases in gas base rates in march 2007 and november 2007 . fuel and purchased power increased primarily due to increases in the average market prices of natural gas and purchased power in addition to an increase in demand.
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at december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , we had a modest working capital surplus . this reflects a strong cash position that provides enhanced liquidity in an uncertain economic environment . in addition , we believe we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements , and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities . cash flows . millions | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 --------------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- cash provided by operating activities | $ 7344 | $ 7385 | $ 6823 cash used in investing activities | -4476 ( 4476 ) | -4249 ( 4249 ) | -3405 ( 3405 ) cash used in financing activities | -3063 ( 3063 ) | -2982 ( 2982 ) | -3049 ( 3049 ) net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ -195 ( 195 ) | $ 154 | $ 369 operating activities cash provided by operating activities decreased in 2015 compared to 2014 due to lower net income and changes in working capital , partially offset by the timing of tax payments . federal tax law provided for 100% ( 100 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011 and 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012-2013 . as a result , the company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011-2013 income tax expense , contributing to the positive operating cash flow in those years . congress extended 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for 2014 , but this extension occurred in december , and the related benefit was realized in 2015 , rather than 2014 . similarly , in december of 2015 , congress extended bonus depreciation through 2019 , which delayed the benefit of 2015 bonus depreciation into 2016 . bonus depreciation will be at a rate of 50% ( 50 % ) for 2015 , 2016 and 2017 , 40% ( 40 % ) for 2018 and 30% ( 30 % ) for 2019 . higher net income in 2014 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2013 , despite higher income tax payments . 2014 income tax payments were higher than 2013 primarily due to higher income , but also because we paid taxes previously deferred by bonus depreciation . investing activities higher capital investments in locomotives and freight cars , including $ 327 million in early lease buyouts , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions , drove the increase in cash used in investing activities in 2015 compared to 2014 . higher capital investments , including the early buyout of the long-term operating lease of our headquarters building for approximately $ 261 million , drove the increase in cash used in investing activities in 2014 compared to 2013 . significant investments also were made for new locomotives , freight cars and containers , and capacity and commercial facility projects . capital investments in 2014 also included $ 99 million for the early buyout of locomotives and freight cars under long-term operating leases , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions.
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the railroad collected approximately $ 18.8 billion and $ 16.3 billion of receivables during the years ended december 31 , 2011 and 2010 , respectively . upri used certain of these proceeds to purchase new receivables under the facility . the costs of the receivables securitization facility include interest , which will vary based on prevailing commercial paper rates , program fees paid to banks , commercial paper issuing costs , and fees for unused commitment availability . the costs of the receivables securitization facility are included in interest expense and were $ 4 million and $ 6 million for 2011 and 2010 , respectively . prior to adoption of the new accounting standard , the costs of the receivables securitization facility were included in other income and were $ 9 million for 2009 . the investors have no recourse to the railroad 2019s other assets , except for customary warranty and indemnity claims . creditors of the railroad do not have recourse to the assets of upri . in august 2011 , the receivables securitization facility was renewed for an additional 364-day period at comparable terms and conditions . contractual obligations and commercial commitments as described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and as referenced in the tables below , we have contractual obligations and commercial commitments that may affect our financial condition . based on our assessment of the underlying provisions and circumstances of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments , including material sources of off-balance sheet and structured finance arrangements , other than the risks that we and other similarly situated companies face with respect to the condition of the capital markets ( as described in item 1a of part ii of this report ) , there is no known trend , demand , commitment , event , or uncertainty that is reasonably likely to occur that would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations , financial condition , or liquidity . in addition , our commercial obligations , financings , and commitments are customary transactions that are similar to those of other comparable corporations , particularly within the transportation industry . the following tables identify material obligations and commitments as of december 31 , 2011 : payments due by december 31 , contractual obligations after millions total 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2016 other . contractual obligationsmillions | total | payments due by december 31 2012 | payments due by december 31 2013 | payments due by december 31 2014 | payments due by december 31 2015 | payments due by december 31 2016 | payments due by december 31 after 2016 | payments due by december 31 other ---------------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- debt [a] | $ 12516 | $ 538 | $ 852 | $ 887 | $ 615 | $ 652 | $ 8972 | $ - operating leases [b] | 4528 | 525 | 489 | 415 | 372 | 347 | 2380 | - capital lease obligations [c] | 2559 | 297 | 269 | 276 | 276 | 262 | 1179 | - purchase obligations [d] | 5137 | 2598 | 568 | 560 | 276 | 245 | 858 | 32 other post retirement benefits [e] | 249 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 119 | - income tax contingencies [f] | 107 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | 76 total contractualobligations | $ 25096 | $ 4015 | $ 2204 | $ 2164 | $ 1565 | $ 1532 | $ 13508 | $ 108 [a] excludes capital lease obligations of $ 1874 million and unamortized discount of $ 364 million . includes an interest component of $ 5120 million . [b] includes leases for locomotives , freight cars , other equipment , and real estate . [c] represents total obligations , including interest component of $ 685 million . [d] purchase obligations include locomotive maintenance contracts ; purchase commitments for fuel purchases , locomotives , ties , ballast , and rail ; and agreements to purchase other goods and services . for amounts where we cannot reasonably estimate the year of settlement , they are reflected in the other column . [e] includes estimated other post retirement , medical , and life insurance payments and payments made under the unfunded pension plan for the next ten years . no amounts are included for funded pension obligations as no contributions are currently required . [f] future cash flows for income tax contingencies reflect the recorded liability for unrecognized tax benefits , including interest and penalties , as of december 31 , 2011 . where we can reasonably estimate the years in which these liabilities may be settled , this is shown in the table . for amounts where we cannot reasonably estimate the year of settlement , they are reflected in the other column.
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( 1 ) the cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends . ( 2 ) the total return is weighted according to market capitalization of each company at the beginning of each year . ( f ) purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers we have not repurchased any of our common stock since the company filed its initial registration statement on march 16 , ( g ) securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans a description of securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans will be incorporated herein by reference to the proxy statement for the 2012 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed within 120 days after the end of the company 2019s fiscal year . item 6 . selected financial data . ( $ in millions except per share amounts ) | year ended december 31 2011 | year ended december 31 2010 | year ended december 31 2009 | year ended december 31 2008 | year ended december 31 2007 ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- sales and service revenues | $ 6575 | $ 6723 | $ 6292 | $ 6189 | $ 5692 goodwill impairment | 290 | 0 | 0 | 2490 | 0 operating income ( loss ) | 110 | 248 | 211 | -2354 ( 2354 ) | 447 net earnings ( loss ) | -94 ( 94 ) | 135 | 124 | -2420 ( 2420 ) | 276 total assets | 6001 | 5203 | 5036 | 4760 | 7658 long-term debt ( 1 ) | 1830 | 105 | 283 | 283 | 283 total long-term obligations | 3757 | 1559 | 1645 | 1761 | 1790 free cash flow ( 2 ) | 331 | 168 | -269 ( 269 ) | 121 | 364 basic earnings ( loss ) per share | $ -1.93 ( 1.93 ) | $ 2.77 | $ 2.54 | $ -49.61 ( 49.61 ) | $ 5.65 diluted earnings ( loss ) per share | $ -1.93 ( 1.93 ) | $ 2.77 | $ 2.54 | $ -49.61 ( 49.61 ) | $ 5.65 ( 1 ) long-term debt does not include amounts payable to our former parent as of and before december 31 , 2010 , as these amounts were due upon demand and included in current liabilities . ( 2 ) free cash flow is a non-gaap financial measure and represents cash from operating activities less capital expenditures . see liquidity and capital resources in item 7 for more information on this measure.
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visa indemnification our payment services business issues and acquires credit and debit card transactions through visa u.s.a . inc . card association or its affiliates ( visa ) . in october 2007 , visa completed a restructuring and issued shares of visa inc . common stock to its financial institution members ( visa reorganization ) in contemplation of its initial public offering ( ipo ) . as part of the visa reorganization , we received our proportionate share of class b visa inc . common stock allocated to the u.s . members . prior to the ipo , the u.s . members , which included pnc , were obligated to indemnify visa for judgments and settlements related to certain specified litigation . as a result of the acquisition of national city , we became party to judgment and loss sharing agreements with visa and certain other banks . the judgment and loss sharing agreements were designed to apportion financial responsibilities arising from any potential adverse judgment or negotiated settlements related to the specified litigation . in september 2014 , visa funded $ 450 million into its litigation escrow account and reduced the conversion rate of visa b to a shares . we continue to have an obligation to indemnify visa for judgments and settlements for the remaining specified litigation . recourse and repurchase obligations as discussed in note 2 loan sale and servicing activities and variable interest entities , pnc has sold commercial mortgage , residential mortgage and home equity loans/ lines of credit directly or indirectly through securitization and loan sale transactions in which we have continuing involvement . one form of continuing involvement includes certain recourse and loan repurchase obligations associated with the transferred assets . commercial mortgage loan recourse obligations we originate and service certain multi-family commercial mortgage loans which are sold to fnma under fnma 2019s delegated underwriting and servicing ( dus ) program . we participated in a similar program with the fhlmc . under these programs , we generally assume up to a one-third pari passu risk of loss on unpaid principal balances through a loss share arrangement . at december 31 , 2014 and december 31 , 2013 , the unpaid principal balance outstanding of loans sold as a participant in these programs was $ 12.3 billion and $ 11.7 billion , respectively . the potential maximum exposure under the loss share arrangements was $ 3.7 billion at december 31 , 2014 and $ 3.6 billion at december 31 , 2013 . we maintain a reserve for estimated losses based upon our exposure . the reserve for losses under these programs totaled $ 35 million and $ 33 million as of december 31 , 2014 and december 31 , 2013 , respectively , and is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet . if payment is required under these programs , we would not have a contractual interest in the collateral underlying the mortgage loans on which losses occurred , although the value of the collateral is taken into account in determining our share of such losses . our exposure and activity associated with these recourse obligations are reported in the corporate & institutional banking segment . table 150 : analysis of commercial mortgage recourse obligations . in millions | 2014 | 2013 -------------------------------------------- | ---- | -------- january 1 | $ 33 | $ 43 reserve adjustments net | 2 | -9 ( 9 ) losses 2013 loan repurchases and settlements | | -1 ( 1 ) december 31 | $ 35 | $ 33 residential mortgage loan and home equity loan/ line of credit repurchase obligations while residential mortgage loans are sold on a non-recourse basis , we assume certain loan repurchase obligations associated with mortgage loans we have sold to investors . these loan repurchase obligations primarily relate to situations where pnc is alleged to have breached certain origination covenants and representations and warranties made to purchasers of the loans in the respective purchase and sale agreements . repurchase obligation activity associated with residential mortgages is reported in the residential mortgage banking segment . in the fourth quarter of 2013 , pnc reached agreements with both fnma and fhlmc to resolve their repurchase claims with respect to loans sold between 2000 and 2008 . pnc paid a total of $ 191 million related to these settlements . pnc 2019s repurchase obligations also include certain brokered home equity loans/lines of credit that were sold to a limited number of private investors in the financial services industry by national city prior to our acquisition of national city . pnc is no longer engaged in the brokered home equity lending business , and our exposure under these loan repurchase obligations is limited to repurchases of loans sold in these transactions . repurchase activity associated with brokered home equity loans/lines of credit is reported in the non-strategic assets portfolio segment . 214 the pnc financial services group , inc . 2013 form 10-k
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amount of commitment expiration per period other commercial commitments after millions of dollars total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2014 . other commercial commitmentsmillions of dollars | total | amount of commitment expiration per period 2010 | amount of commitment expiration per period 2011 | amount of commitment expiration per period 2012 | amount of commitment expiration per period 2013 | amount of commitment expiration per period 2014 | amount of commitment expiration per period after 2014 ----------------------------------------------- | ------ | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- credit facilities [a] | $ 1900 | $ - | $ - | $ 1900 | $ - | $ - | $ - sale of receivables [b] | 600 | 600 | - | - | - | - | - guarantees [c] | 416 | 29 | 76 | 24 | 8 | 214 | 65 standby letters of credit [d] | 22 | 22 | - | - | - | - | - total commercial commitments | $ 2938 | $ 651 | $ 76 | $ 1924 | $ 8 | $ 214 | $ 65 [a] none of the credit facility was used as of december 31 , 2009 . [b] $ 400 million of the sale of receivables program was utilized at december 31 , 2009 . [c] includes guaranteed obligations related to our headquarters building , equipment financings , and affiliated operations . [d] none of the letters of credit were drawn upon as of december 31 , 2009 . off-balance sheet arrangements sale of receivables 2013 the railroad transfers most of its accounts receivable to union pacific receivables , inc . ( upri ) , a bankruptcy-remote subsidiary , as part of a sale of receivables facility . upri sells , without recourse on a 364-day revolving basis , an undivided interest in such accounts receivable to investors . the total capacity to sell undivided interests to investors under the facility was $ 600 million and $ 700 million at december 31 , 2009 and 2008 , respectively . the value of the outstanding undivided interest held by investors under the facility was $ 400 million and $ 584 million at december 31 , 2009 and 2008 , respectively . during 2009 , upri reduced the outstanding undivided interest held by investors due to a decrease in available receivables . the value of the undivided interest held by investors is not included in our consolidated financial statements . the value of the undivided interest held by investors was supported by $ 817 million and $ 1015 million of accounts receivable held by upri at december 31 , 2009 and 2008 , respectively . at december 31 , 2009 and 2008 , the value of the interest retained by upri was $ 417 million and $ 431 million , respectively . this retained interest is included in accounts receivable in our consolidated financial statements . the interest sold to investors is sold at carrying value , which approximates fair value , and there is no gain or loss recognized from the transaction . the value of the outstanding undivided interest held by investors could fluctuate based upon the availability of eligible receivables and is directly affected by changing business volumes and credit risks , including default and dilution . if default or dilution ratios increase one percent , the value of the outstanding undivided interest held by investors would not change as of december 31 , 2009 . should our credit rating fall below investment grade , the value of the outstanding undivided interest held by investors would be reduced , and , in certain cases , the investors would have the right to discontinue the facility . the railroad services the sold receivables ; however , the railroad does not recognize any servicing asset or liability , as the servicing fees adequately compensate us for these responsibilities . the railroad collected approximately $ 13.8 billion and $ 17.8 billion during the years ended december 31 , 2009 and 2008 , respectively . upri used certain of these proceeds to purchase new receivables under the facility . the costs of the sale of receivables program are included in other income and were $ 9 million , $ 23 million , and $ 35 million for 2009 , 2008 , and 2007 , respectively . the costs include interest , which will vary based on prevailing commercial paper rates , program fees paid to banks , commercial paper issuing costs , and fees for unused commitment availability . the decrease in the 2009 costs was primarily attributable to lower commercial paper rates and a decrease in the outstanding interest held by investors.
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the environmental liability includes costs for remediation and restoration of sites , as well as for ongoing monitoring costs , but excludes any anticipated recoveries from third parties . cost estimates are based on information available for each site , financial viability of other potentially responsible parties , and existing technology , laws , and regulations . we believe that we have adequately accrued for our ultimate share of costs at sites subject to joint and several liability . however , the ultimate liability for remediation is difficult to determine because of the number of potentially responsible parties involved , site-specific cost sharing arrangements with other potentially responsible parties , the degree of contamination by various wastes , the scarcity and quality of volumetric data related to many of the sites , and the speculative nature of remediation costs . estimates may also vary due to changes in federal , state , and local laws governing environmental remediation . we do not expect current obligations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition . guarantees 2013 at december 31 , 2006 , we were contingently liable for $ 464 million in guarantees . we have recorded a liability of $ 6 million for the fair value of these obligations as of december 31 , 2006 . we entered into these contingent guarantees in the normal course of business , and they include guaranteed obligations related to our headquarters building , equipment financings , and affiliated operations . the final guarantee expires in 2022 . we are not aware of any existing event of default that would require us to satisfy these guarantees . we do not expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition , results of operations , or liquidity . indemnities 2013 our maximum potential exposure under indemnification arrangements , including certain tax indemnifications , can range from a specified dollar amount to an unlimited amount , depending on the nature of the transactions and the agreements . due to uncertainty as to whether claims will be made or how they will be resolved , we cannot reasonably determine the probability of an adverse claim or reasonably estimate any adverse liability or the total maximum exposure under these indemnification arrangements . we do not have any reason to believe that we will be required to make any material payments under these indemnity provisions . income taxes 2013 as previously reported in our form 10-q for the quarter ended september 30 , 2005 , the irs has completed its examinations and issued notices of deficiency for tax years 1995 through 2002 . among their proposed adjustments is the disallowance of tax deductions claimed in connection with certain donations of property . in the fourth quarter of 2005 , the irs national office issued a technical advice memorandum which left unresolved whether the deductions were proper , pending further factual development . we continue to dispute the donation issue , as well as many of the other proposed adjustments , and will contest the associated tax deficiencies through the irs appeals process , and , if necessary , litigation . in addition , the irs is examining the corporation 2019s federal income tax returns for tax years 2003 and 2004 and should complete their exam in 2007 . we do not expect that the ultimate resolution of these examinations will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements . 11 . other income other income included the following for the years ended december 31 : millions of dollars 2006 2005 2004 . millions of dollars | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 -------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- rental income | $ 83 | $ 59 | $ 55 net gain on non-operating asset dispositions | 72 | 135 | 69 interest income | 29 | 17 | 10 sale of receivables fees | -33 ( 33 ) | -23 ( 23 ) | -11 ( 11 ) non-operating environmental costs and other | -33 ( 33 ) | -43 ( 43 ) | -35 ( 35 ) total | $ 118 | $ 145 | $ 88
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goodwill is reviewed annually during the fourth quarter for impairment . in addition , the company performs an impairment analysis of other intangible assets based on the occurrence of other factors . such factors include , but are not limited to , significant changes in membership , state funding , medical contracts and provider networks and contracts . an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying value of intangible assets exceeds the implied fair value . medical claims liabilities medical services costs include claims paid , claims reported but not yet paid , or inventory , estimates for claims incurred but not yet received , or ibnr , and estimates for the costs necessary to process unpaid claims . the estimates of medical claims liabilities are developed using standard actuarial methods based upon historical data for payment patterns , cost trends , product mix , sea- sonality , utilization of healthcare services and other rele- vant factors including product changes . these estimates are continually reviewed and adjustments , if necessary , are reflected in the period known . management did not change actuarial methods during the years presented . management believes the amount of medical claims payable is reasonable and adequate to cover the company 2019s liability for unpaid claims as of december 31 , 2006 ; however , actual claim payments may differ from established estimates . revenue recognition the company 2019s medicaid managed care segment gener- ates revenues primarily from premiums received from the states in which it operates health plans . the company receives a fixed premium per member per month pursuant to our state contracts . the company generally receives premium payments during the month it provides services and recognizes premium revenue during the period in which it is obligated to provide services to its members . some states enact premium taxes or similar assessments , collectively premium taxes , and these taxes are recorded as general and administrative expenses . some contracts allow for additional premium related to certain supplemen- tal services provided such as maternity deliveries . revenues are recorded based on membership and eligibility data provided by the states , which may be adjusted by the states for updates to this data . these adjustments have been immaterial in relation to total revenue recorded and are reflected in the period known . the company 2019s specialty services segment generates revenues under contracts with state programs , healthcare organizations and other commercial organizations , as well as from our own subsidiaries on market-based terms . revenues are recognized when the related services are provided or as ratably earned over the covered period of service . premium and services revenues collected in advance are recorded as unearned revenue . for performance-based contracts the company does not recognize revenue subject to refund until data is sufficient to measure performance . premiums and service revenues due to the company are recorded as premium and related receivables and are recorded net of an allowance based on historical trends and management 2019s judgment on the collectibility of these accounts . as the company generally receives payments during the month in which services are provided , the allowance is typically not significant in comparison to total revenues and does not have a material impact on the pres- entation of the financial condition or results of operations . activity in the allowance for uncollectible accounts for the years ended december 31 is summarized below: . | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 --------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------------ allowances beginning of year | $ 343 | $ 462 | $ 607 amounts charged to expense | 512 | 80 | 407 write-offs of uncollectible receivables | -700 ( 700 ) | -199 ( 199 ) | -552 ( 552 ) allowances end of year | $ 155 | $ 343 | $ 462 significant customers centene receives the majority of its revenues under con- tracts or subcontracts with state medicaid managed care programs . the contracts , which expire on various dates between june 30 , 2007 and december 31 , 2011 , are expected to be renewed . contracts with the states of georgia , indiana , kansas , texas and wisconsin each accounted for 15% ( 15 % ) , 15% ( 15 % ) , 10% ( 10 % ) , 17% ( 17 % ) and 16% ( 16 % ) , respectively , of the company 2019s revenues for the year ended december 31 , 2006 . reinsurance centene has purchased reinsurance from third parties to cover eligible healthcare services . the current reinsurance program covers 90% ( 90 % ) of inpatient healthcare expenses in excess of annual deductibles of $ 300 to $ 500 per member , up to an annual maximum of $ 2000 . centene 2019s medicaid managed care subsidiaries are responsible for inpatient charges in excess of an average daily per diem . in addition , bridgeway participates in a risk-sharing program as part of its contract with the state of arizona for the reimbursement of certain contract service costs beyond a monetary threshold . reinsurance recoveries were $ 3674 , $ 4014 , and $ 3730 , in 2006 , 2005 , and 2004 , respectively . reinsurance expenses were approximately $ 4842 , $ 4105 , and $ 6724 in 2006 , 2005 , and 2004 , respectively . reinsurance recoveries , net of expenses , are included in medical costs . other income ( expense ) other income ( expense ) consists principally of investment income and interest expense . investment income is derived from the company 2019s cash , cash equivalents , restricted deposits and investments.
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abiomed , inc . and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) note 14 . income taxes ( continued ) on april 1 , 2007 , the company adopted financial interpretation fin no . 48 , accounting for uncertainty in income taxes 2014an interpretation of fasb statement no . 109 ( 201cfin no . 48 201d ) , which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise 2019s financial statements in accordance with fasb statement no . 109 , accounting for income taxes . fin no . 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return . fin no . 48 also provides guidance on derecognition , classification , interest and penalties , accounting in interim periods , disclosure , and transition and defines the criteria that must be met for the benefits of a tax position to be recognized . as a result of its adoption of fin no . 48 , the company recorded the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle of $ 0.3 million as a decrease to opening retained earnings and an increase to other long-term liabilities as of april 1 , 2007 . this adjustment related to state nexus for failure to file tax returns in various states for the years ended march 31 , 2003 , 2004 , and 2005 . the company initiated a voluntary disclosure plan , which it completed in fiscal year 2009 . the company elected to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense in its consolidated statements of operations . as of march 31 , 2009 , the company had remitted all outstanding amounts owed to each of the states in connection with the outstanding taxes owed at march 31 , 2008 . as such , the company had no fin no . 48 liability at march 31 , 2009 . on a quarterly basis , the company accrues for the effects of uncertain tax positions and the related potential penalties and interest . it is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit with respect to certain of the unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease during the next 12 months ; however , it is not expected that the change will have a significant effect on the company 2019s results of operations or financial position . a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits , excluding accrued interest recorded at march 31 , 2009 ( in thousands ) is as follows: . balance at march 31 2008 | $ 168 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ reductions for tax positions for closing of the applicable statute of limitations | -168 ( 168 ) balance at march 31 2009 | $ 2014 the company and its subsidiaries are subject to u.s . federal income tax , as well as income tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions . the company has accumulated significant losses since its inception in 1981 . all tax years remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions , including the federal government and the commonwealth of massachusetts . however , since the company has net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards which may be utilized in future years to offset taxable income , those years may also be subject to review by relevant taxing authorities if the carry forwards are utilized . note 15 . commitments and contingencies the company 2019s acquisition of impella provided that abiomed was required to make contingent payments to impella 2019s former shareholders as follows : 2022 upon fda approval of the impella 2.5 device , a payment of $ 5583333 2022 upon fda approval of the impella 5.0 device , a payment of $ 5583333 , and 2022 upon the sale of 1000 units of impella 2019s products worldwide , a payment of $ 5583334 . the two milestones related to sales and fda approval of the impella 2.5 device were achieved and paid prior to march 31 , 2009 . in april 2009 , the company received fda 510 ( k ) clearance of its impella 5.0 product , triggering an obligation to pay the milestone related to the impella 5.0 device . in may 2009 , the company paid $ 1.8 million of this final milestone in cash and elected to pay the remaining amount through the issuance of approximately 664612 shares of common stock.
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us in a position to handle demand changes . we will also continue utilizing industrial engineering techniques to improve productivity . 2022 fuel prices 2013 uncertainty about the economy makes fuel price projections difficult , and we could see volatile fuel prices during the year , as they are sensitive to global and u.s . domestic demand , refining capacity , geopolitical events , weather conditions and other factors . to reduce the impact of fuel price on earnings , we will continue to seek recovery from our customers through our fuel surcharge programs and to expand our fuel conservation efforts . 2022 capital plan 2013 in 2011 , we plan to make total capital investments of approximately $ 3.2 billion , including expenditures for positive train control ( ptc ) , which may be revised if business conditions warrant or if new laws or regulations affect our ability to generate sufficient returns on these investments . ( see further discussion in this item 7 under liquidity and capital resources 2013 capital plan. ) 2022 positive train control 2013 in response to a legislative mandate to implement ptc by the end of 2015 , we expect to spend approximately $ 250 million during 2011 on developing ptc . we currently estimate that ptc will cost us approximately $ 1.4 billion to implement by the end of 2015 , in accordance with rules issued by the federal railroad administration ( fra ) . this includes costs for installing the new system along our tracks , upgrading locomotives to work with the new system , and adding digital data communication equipment so all the parts of the system can communicate with each other . during 2011 , we plan to begin testing the technology to evaluate its effectiveness . 2022 financial expectations 2013 we remain cautious about economic conditions , but anticipate volume to increase from 2010 levels . in addition , we expect volume , price , and productivity gains to offset expected higher costs for fuel , labor inflation , depreciation , casualty costs , and property taxes to drive operating ratio improvement . results of operations operating revenues millions 2010 2009 2008 % ( % ) change 2010 v 2009 % ( % ) change 2009 v 2008 . millions | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | % ( % ) change 2010 v 2009 | % ( % ) change 2009 v 2008 ---------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- freight revenues | $ 16069 | $ 13373 | $ 17118 | 20% ( 20 % ) | ( 22 ) % ( % ) other revenues | 896 | 770 | 852 | 16 | -10 ( 10 ) total | $ 16965 | $ 14143 | $ 17970 | 20% ( 20 % ) | ( 21 ) % ( % ) freight revenues are revenues generated by transporting freight or other materials from our six commodity groups . freight revenues vary with volume ( carloads ) and average revenue per car ( arc ) . changes in price , traffic mix and fuel surcharges drive arc . we provide some of our customers with contractual incentives for meeting or exceeding specified cumulative volumes or shipping to and from specific locations , which we record as a reduction to freight revenues based on the actual or projected future shipments . we recognize freight revenues as freight moves from origin to destination . we allocate freight revenues between reporting periods based on the relative transit time in each reporting period and recognize expenses as we incur them . other revenues include revenues earned by our subsidiaries , revenues from our commuter rail operations , and accessorial revenues , which we earn when customers retain equipment owned or controlled by us or when we perform additional services such as switching or storage . we recognize other revenues as we perform services or meet contractual obligations . freight revenues and volume levels for all six commodity groups increased during 2010 as a result of economic improvement in many market sectors . we experienced particularly strong volume growth in automotive , intermodal , and industrial products shipments . core pricing gains and higher fuel surcharges also increased freight revenues and drove a 6% ( 6 % ) improvement in arc . freight revenues and volume levels for all six commodity groups decreased during 2009 , reflecting continued economic weakness . we experienced the largest volume declines in automotive and industrial
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equity compensation plan information the plan documents for the plans described in the footnotes below are included as exhibits to this form 10-k , and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety . the following table provides information as of dec . 31 , 2006 regarding the number of shares of ppg common stock that may be issued under ppg 2019s equity compensation plans . plan category securities exercise of outstanding options , warrants and rights weighted- average exercise price of outstanding warrants and rights number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation ( excluding securities reflected in column ( a ) ) equity compensation plans approved by security holders ( 1 ) 9413216 $ 58.35 10265556 equity compensation plans not approved by security holders ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) 2089300 $ 70.00 2014 . plan category | numberof securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options warrants and rights ( a ) | weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options warrants and rights ( b ) | number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans ( excluding securities reflected in column ( a ) ) ( c ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- equity compensation plans approved by security holders ( 1 ) | 9413216 | $ 58.35 | 10265556 equity compensation plans not approved by security holders ( 2 ) ( 3 ) | 2089300 | $ 70.00 | 2014 total | 11502516 | $ 60.57 | 10265556 ( 1 ) equity compensation plans approved by security holders include the ppg industries , inc . stock plan , the ppg omnibus plan , the ppg industries , inc . executive officers 2019 long term incentive plan , and the ppg industries inc . long term incentive plan . ( 2 ) equity compensation plans not approved by security holders include the ppg industries , inc . challenge 2000 stock plan . this plan is a broad- based stock option plan under which the company granted to substantially all active employees of the company and its majority owned subsidiaries on july 1 , 1998 , the option to purchase 100 shares of the company 2019s common stock at its then fair market value of $ 70.00 per share . options became exercisable on july 1 , 2003 , and expire on june 30 , 2008 . there were 2089300 shares issuable upon exercise of options outstanding under this plan as of dec . 31 , 2006 . ( 3 ) excluded from the information presented here are common stock equivalents held under the ppg industries , inc . deferred compensation plan , the ppg industries , inc . deferred compensation plan for directors and the ppg industries , inc . directors 2019 common stock plan , none of which are equity compensation plans . as supplemental information , there were 491168 common stock equivalents held under such plans as of dec . 31 , 2006 . item 6 . selected financial data the information required by item 6 regarding the selected financial data for the five years ended dec . 31 , 2006 is included in exhibit 99.2 filed with this form 10-k and is incorporated herein by reference . this information is also reported in the eleven-year digest on page 72 of the annual report under the captions net sales , income ( loss ) before accounting changes , cumulative effect of accounting changes , net income ( loss ) , earnings ( loss ) per common share before accounting changes , cumulative effect of accounting changes on earnings ( loss ) per common share , earnings ( loss ) per common share , earnings ( loss ) per common share 2013 assuming dilution , dividends per share , total assets and long-term debt for the years 2002 through 2006 . item 7 . management 2019s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations performance in 2006 compared with 2005 performance overview our sales increased 8% ( 8 % ) to $ 11.0 billion in 2006 compared to $ 10.2 billion in 2005 . sales increased 4% ( 4 % ) due to the impact of acquisitions , 2% ( 2 % ) due to increased volumes , and 2% ( 2 % ) due to increased selling prices . cost of sales as a percentage of sales increased slightly to 63.7% ( 63.7 % ) compared to 63.5% ( 63.5 % ) in 2005 . selling , general and administrative expense increased slightly as a percentage of sales to 17.9% ( 17.9 % ) compared to 17.4% ( 17.4 % ) in 2005 . these costs increased primarily due to higher expenses related to store expansions in our architectural coatings operating segment and increased advertising to promote growth in our optical products operating segment . other charges decreased $ 81 million in 2006 . other charges in 2006 included pretax charges of $ 185 million for estimated environmental remediation costs at sites in new jersey and $ 42 million for legal settlements offset in part by pretax earnings of $ 44 million for insurance recoveries related to the marvin legal settlement and to hurricane rita . other charges in 2005 included pretax charges of $ 132 million related to the marvin legal settlement net of related insurance recoveries of $ 18 million , $ 61 million for the federal glass class action antitrust legal settlement , $ 34 million of direct costs related to the impact of hurricanes rita and katrina , $ 27 million for an asset impairment charge in our fine chemicals operating segment and $ 19 million for debt refinancing costs . other earnings increased $ 30 million in 2006 due to higher equity earnings , primarily from our asian fiber glass joint ventures , and higher royalty income . net income and earnings per share 2013 assuming dilution for 2006 were $ 711 million and $ 4.27 , respectively , compared to $ 596 million and $ 3.49 , respectively , for 2005 . net income in 2006 included aftertax charges of $ 106 million , or 64 cents a share , for estimated environmental remediation costs at sites in new jersey and louisiana in the third quarter ; $ 26 million , or 15 cents a share , for legal settlements ; $ 23 million , or 14 cents a share for business restructuring ; $ 17 million , or 10 cents a share , to reflect the net increase in the current value of the company 2019s obligation relating to asbestos claims under the ppg settlement arrangement ; and aftertax earnings of $ 24 million , or 14 cents a share for insurance recoveries . net income in 2005 included aftertax charges of $ 117 million , or 68 cents a share for legal settlements net of insurance ; $ 21 million , or 12 cents a share for direct costs related to the impact of hurricanes katrina and rita ; $ 17 million , or 10 cents a share , related to an asset impairment charge related to our fine chemicals operating segment ; $ 12 million , or 7 cents a share , for debt refinancing cost ; and $ 13 million , or 8 cents a share , to reflect the net increase in the current 2006 ppg annual report and form 10-k 19 4282_txt to be issued options , number of
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equity in net earnings of affiliated companies equity income from the m-i swaco joint venture in 2010 represents eight months of equity income through the closing of the smith transaction . interest expense interest expense of $ 298 million in 2011 increased by $ 91 million compared to 2010 primarily due to the $ 4.6 billion of long-term debt that schlumberger issued during 2011 . interest expense of $ 207 million in 2010 decreased by $ 14 million compared to 2009 primarily due to a decline in the weighted average borrowing rates , from 3.9% ( 3.9 % ) to 3.2% ( 3.2 % ) . research & engineering and general & administrative expenses , as a percentage of revenue , were as follows: . | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 ------------------------ | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- research & engineering | 2.7% ( 2.7 % ) | 3.3% ( 3.3 % ) | 3.5% ( 3.5 % ) general & administrative | 1.1% ( 1.1 % ) | 1.1% ( 1.1 % ) | 1.1% ( 1.1 % ) although research & engineering decreased as a percentage of revenue in 2011 as compared to 2010 and in 2010 compared to 2009 , it has increased in absolute dollars by $ 154 million and $ 117 million , respectively . these increases in absolute dollars were driven in large part by the impact of the smith acquisition . income taxes the schlumberger effective tax rate was 24.4% ( 24.4 % ) in 2011 , 17.3% ( 17.3 % ) in 2010 , and 19.6% ( 19.6 % ) in 2009 . the schlumberger effective tax rate is sensitive to the geographic mix of earnings . when the percentage of pretax earnings generated outside of north america increases , the schlumberger effective tax rate will generally decrease . conversely , when the percentage of pretax earnings generated outside of north america decreases , the schlumberger effective tax rate will generally increase . the effective tax rate for both 2011 and 2010 was impacted by the charges and credits described in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements . excluding the impact of these charges and credits , the effective tax rate in 2011 was 24.0% ( 24.0 % ) compared to 20.6% ( 20.6 % ) in 2010 . this increase in the effective tax rate , excluding the impact of the charges and credits , was primarily attributable to the fact that schlumberger generated a larger proportion of its pretax earnings in north america in 2011 as compared to 2010 as a result of improved market conditions and the effect of a full year 2019s activity from the acquired smith businesses . the effective tax rate for 2009 was also impacted by the charges and credits described in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements , but to a much lesser extent . excluding charges and credits , the effective tax rate in 2010 was 20.6% ( 20.6 % ) compared to 19.2% ( 19.2 % ) in 2009 . this increase is largely attributable to the geographic mix of earnings as well as the inclusion of four months 2019 results from the acquisition of smith , which served to increase the schlumberger effective tax charges and credits schlumberger recorded significant charges and credits in continuing operations during 2011 , 2010 and 2009 . these charges and credits , which are summarized below , are more fully described in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
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notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) these acquisitions have been recorded using the purchase method of accounting , and accordingly , the purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition . the operating results of each acquisition are included in our consolidated statements of income from the dates of each acquisition . fiscal 2008 during fiscal 2008 , we acquired a portfolio of merchants that process discover transactions and the rights to process discover transactions for our existing and new merchants . as a result of this acquisition , we will now process discover transactions similarly to how we currently process visa and mastercard transactions . the purpose of this acquisition was to offer merchants a single point of contact for discover , visa and mastercard card processing . during fiscal 2008 , we acquired a majority of the assets of euroenvios money transfer , s.a . and euroenvios conecta , s.l. , which we collectively refer to as lfs spain . lfs spain consisted of two privately- held corporations engaged in money transmittal and ancillary services from spain to settlement locations primarily in latin america . the purpose of the acquisition was to further our strategy of expanding our customer base and market share by opening additional branch locations . during fiscal 2008 , we acquired a series of money transfer branch locations in the united states . the purpose of these acquisitions was to increase the market presence of our dolex-branded money transfer offering . the following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocations of these business acquisitions ( in thousands ) : . | total ----------------------------------------- | -------------- goodwill | $ 13536 customer-related intangible assets | 4091 contract-based intangible assets | 1031 property and equipment | 267 other current assets | 502 total assets acquired | 19427 current liabilities | -2347 ( 2347 ) minority interest in equity of subsidiary | -486 ( 486 ) net assets acquired | $ 16594 the customer-related intangible assets have amortization periods of up to 14 years . the contract-based intangible assets have amortization periods of 3 to 10 years . these business acquisitions were not significant to our consolidated financial statements and accordingly , we have not provided pro forma information relating to these acquisitions . in addition , during fiscal 2008 , we acquired a customer list and long-term merchant referral agreement in our canadian merchant services channel for $ 1.7 million . the value assigned to the customer list of $ 0.1 million was expensed immediately . the remaining value was assigned to the merchant referral agreement and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life of 10 years.
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9 . lease commitments the company leases certain land , facilities , equipment and software under various operating leases that expire at various dates through 2057 . the lease agreements frequently include renewal and escalation clauses and require the company to pay taxes , insurance and maintenance costs . total rental expense under operating leases was approximatelya $ 92.3 million in fiscal 2019 , $ 84.9 million in fiscal 2018 and $ 58.8 million in fiscal 2017 . the following is a schedule of futureff minimum rental payments required under long-term operating leases at november 2 , 2019 : operating fiscal years leases . fiscal years | operating leases ------------ | ---------------- 2020 | $ 79789 2021 | 67993 2022 | 40338 2023 | 37673 2024 | 32757 later years | 190171 total | $ 448721 10 . commitments and contingencies from time to time , in the ordinary course of the company 2019s business , various claims , charges and litigation are asserted or commenced against the company arising from , or related to , among other things , contractual matters , patents , trademarks , personal injury , environmental matters , product liability , insurance coverage , employment or employment benefits . as to such claims and litigation , the company can give no assurance that it will prevail . the company does not believe that any current legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the company 2019s financial position , results of operations or cash flows . 11 . retirement plans the company and its subsidiaries have various savings and retirement plans covering substantially all employees . defined contribution plans the company maintains a defined contribution plan for the benefit of its eligible u.s . employees . this plan provides for company contributions of up to 5% ( 5 % ) of each participant 2019s total eligible compensation . in addition , the company contributes an amount equal to each participant 2019s pre-tax contribution , if any , up to a maximum of 3% ( 3 % ) of each participant 2019s total eligible compensation . the total expense related to the defined contribution plans for u.s . employees was $ 47.7 million in fiscal 2019 , $ 41.4 million in fiscal 2018 and $ 35.8 million in fiscal 2017 . non-qualified deferred compensation plan the deferred compensation plan ( dcp ) allows certain members of management and other highly-compensated employees and non-employee directors to defer receipt of all or any portion of their compensation . the dcp was established to provide participants with the opportunity to defer receiving all or a portion of their compensation , which includes salary , bonus , commissions and director fees . under the dcp , the company provides all participants ( other than non-employee directors ) with company contributions equal to 8% ( 8 % ) of eligible deferred contributions . the dcp is a non-qualified plan that is maintained in a rabbi trust . the fair value of the investments held in the rabbi trust are presented separately as deferred compensation plan investments , with the current portion of the investment included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets . see note 2j , fair value , for further information on these investments . the deferred compensation obligation represents dcp participant accumulated deferrals and earnings thereon since the inception of the dcp net of withdrawals . the deferred compensation obligation is presented separately as deferred compensation plan liability , with the current portion of the obligation in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets . the company 2019s liability under the dcp is an unsecured general obligation of the company . analog devices , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued )
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management 2019s discussion and analysis we believe our credit ratings are primarily based on the credit rating agencies 2019 assessment of : 2030 our liquidity , market , credit and operational risk management practices ; 2030 the level and variability of our earnings ; 2030 our capital base ; 2030 our franchise , reputation and management ; 2030 our corporate governance ; and 2030 the external operating environment , including the assumed level of government support . certain of the firm 2019s derivatives have been transacted under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings . we assess the impact of these bilateral agreements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would occur assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies . a downgrade by any one rating agency , depending on the agency 2019s relative ratings of the firm at the time of the downgrade , may have an impact which is comparable to the impact of a downgrade by all rating agencies . we allocate a portion of our gce to ensure we would be able to make the additional collateral or termination payments that may be required in the event of a two-notch reduction in our long-term credit ratings , as well as collateral that has not been called by counterparties , but is available to them . the table below presents the additional collateral or termination payments that could have been called at the reporting date by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings. . in millions | as of december 2012 | as of december 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------- additional collateral or termination payments for a one-notch downgrade | $ 1534 | $ 1303 additional collateral or termination payments for a two-notch downgrade | 2500 | 2183 in millions 2012 2011 additional collateral or termination payments for a one-notch downgrade $ 1534 $ 1303 additional collateral or termination payments for a two-notch downgrade 2500 2183 cash flows as a global financial institution , our cash flows are complex and bear little relation to our net earnings and net assets . consequently , we believe that traditional cash flow analysis is less meaningful in evaluating our liquidity position than the excess liquidity and asset-liability management policies described above . cash flow analysis may , however , be helpful in highlighting certain macro trends and strategic initiatives in our businesses . year ended december 2012 . our cash and cash equivalents increased by $ 16.66 billion to $ 72.67 billion at the end of 2012 . we generated $ 9.14 billion in net cash from operating and investing activities . we generated $ 7.52 billion in net cash from financing activities from an increase in bank deposits , partially offset by net repayments of unsecured and secured long-term borrowings . year ended december 2011 . our cash and cash equivalents increased by $ 16.22 billion to $ 56.01 billion at the end of 2011 . we generated $ 23.13 billion in net cash from operating and investing activities . we used net cash of $ 6.91 billion for financing activities , primarily for repurchases of our series g preferred stock and common stock , partially offset by an increase in bank deposits . year ended december 2010 . our cash and cash equivalents increased by $ 1.50 billion to $ 39.79 billion at the end of 2010 . we generated $ 7.84 billion in net cash from financing activities primarily from net proceeds from issuances of short-term secured financings . we used net cash of $ 6.34 billion for operating and investing activities , primarily to fund an increase in securities purchased under agreements to resell and an increase in cash and securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes , partially offset by cash generated from a decrease in securities borrowed . goldman sachs 2012 annual report 87
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intermodal 2013 decreased volumes and fuel surcharges reduced freight revenue from intermodal shipments in 2009 versus 2008 . volume from international traffic decreased 24% ( 24 % ) in 2009 compared to 2008 , reflecting economic conditions , continued weak imports from asia , and diversions to non-uprr served ports . additionally , continued weakness in the domestic housing and automotive sectors translated into weak demand in large sectors of the international intermodal market , which also contributed to the volume decline . conversely , domestic traffic increased 8% ( 8 % ) in 2009 compared to 2008 . a new contract with hub group , inc. , which included additional shipments , was executed in the second quarter of 2009 and more than offset the impact of weak market conditions in the second half of 2009 . price increases and fuel surcharges generated higher revenue in 2008 , partially offset by lower volume levels . international traffic declined 11% ( 11 % ) in 2008 , reflecting continued softening of imports from china and the loss of a customer contract . notably , the peak intermodal shipping season , which usually starts in the third quarter , was particularly weak in 2008 . additionally , continued weakness in domestic housing and automotive sectors translated into weak demand in large sectors of the international intermodal market , which also contributed to lower volumes . domestic traffic declined 3% ( 3 % ) in 2008 due to the loss of a customer contract and lower volumes from less-than-truckload shippers . additionally , the flood-related embargo on traffic in the midwest during the second quarter hindered intermodal volume levels in 2008 . mexico business 2013 each of our commodity groups include revenue from shipments to and from mexico . revenue from mexico business decreased 26% ( 26 % ) in 2009 versus 2008 to $ 1.2 billion . volume declined in five of our six commodity groups , down 19% ( 19 % ) in 2009 , driven by 32% ( 32 % ) and 24% ( 24 % ) reductions in industrial products and automotive shipments , respectively . conversely , energy shipments increased 9% ( 9 % ) in 2009 versus 2008 , partially offsetting these declines . revenue from mexico business increased 13% ( 13 % ) to $ 1.6 billion in 2008 compared to 2007 . price improvements and fuel surcharges contributed to these increases , partially offset by a 4% ( 4 % ) decline in volume in 2008 compared to 2007 . operating expenses millions of dollars 2009 2008 2007 % ( % ) change 2009 v 2008 % ( % ) change 2008 v 2007 . millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | % ( % ) change 2009 v 2008 | % ( % ) change 2008 v 2007 -------------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- compensation and benefits | $ 4063 | $ 4457 | $ 4526 | ( 9 ) % ( % ) | ( 2 ) % ( % ) fuel | 1763 | 3983 | 3104 | -56 ( 56 ) | 28 purchased services and materials | 1614 | 1902 | 1856 | -15 ( 15 ) | 2 depreciation | 1444 | 1387 | 1321 | 4 | 5 equipment and other rents | 1180 | 1326 | 1368 | -11 ( 11 ) | -3 ( 3 ) other | 687 | 840 | 733 | -18 ( 18 ) | 15 total | $ 10751 | $ 13895 | $ 12908 | ( 23 ) % ( % ) | 8% ( 8 % ) 2009 intermodal revenue international domestic
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entergy new orleans , inc . management 2019s financial discussion and analysis the volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in electricity usage in the residential and commercial sectors due in part to a 4% ( 4 % ) increase in the average number of residential customers and a 3% ( 3 % ) increase in the average number of commercial customers , partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales . gross operating revenues gross operating revenues decreased primarily due to : a decrease of $ 16.2 million in electric fuel cost recovery revenues due to lower fuel rates ; a decrease of $ 15.4 million in gross gas revenues primarily due to lower fuel cost recovery revenues as a result of lower fuel rates and the effect of milder weather ; and formula rate plan decreases effective october 2010 and october 2011 , as discussed above . the decrease was partially offset by an increase in gross wholesale revenue due to increased sales to affiliated customers and more favorable volume/weather , as discussed above . 2010 compared to 2009 net revenue consists of operating revenues net of : 1 ) fuel , fuel-related expenses , and gas purchased for resale , 2 ) purchased power expenses , and 3 ) other regulatory charges ( credits ) . following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2010 to 2009 . amount ( in millions ) . | amount ( in millions ) ----------------------------------- | ---------------------- 2009 net revenue | $ 243.0 volume/weather | 17.0 net gas revenue | 14.2 effect of 2009 rate case settlement | -6.6 ( 6.6 ) other | 5.3 2010 net revenue | $ 272.9 the volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase of 348 gwh , or 7% ( 7 % ) , in billed retail electricity usage primarily due to more favorable weather compared to last year . the net gas revenue variance is primarily due to more favorable weather compared to last year , along with the recognition of a gas regulatory asset associated with the settlement of entergy new orleans 2019s electric and gas formula rate plans . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the formula rate plan settlement . the effect of 2009 rate case settlement variance results from the april 2009 settlement of entergy new orleans 2019s rate case , and includes the effects of realigning non-fuel costs associated with the operation of grand gulf from the fuel adjustment clause to electric base rates effective june 2009 . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the rate case settlement . other income statement variances 2011 compared to 2010 other operation and maintenance expenses decreased primarily due to the deferral in 2011 of $ 13.4 million of 2010 michoud plant maintenance costs pursuant to the settlement of entergy new orleans 2019s 2010 test year formula rate plan filing approved by the city council in september 2011 and a decrease of $ 8.0 million in fossil- fueled generation expenses due to higher plant outage costs in 2010 due to a greater scope of work at the michoud plant . see note 2 to the financial statements for more discussion of the 2010 test year formula rate plan filing.
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financial assurance we must provide financial assurance to governmental agencies and a variety of other entities under applicable environmental regulations relating to our landfill operations for capping , closure and post-closure costs , and related to our performance under certain collection , landfill and transfer station contracts . we satisfy these financial assurance requirements by providing surety bonds , letters of credit , or insurance policies ( financial assurance instruments ) , or trust deposits , which are included in restricted cash and marketable securities and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets . the amount of the financial assurance requirements for capping , closure and post-closure costs is determined by applicable state environmental regulations . the financial assurance requirements for capping , closure and post-closure costs may be associated with a portion of the landfill or the entire landfill . generally , states require a third-party engineering specialist to determine the estimated capping , closure and post-closure costs that are used to determine the required amount of financial assurance for a landfill . the amount of financial assurance required can , and generally will , differ from the obligation determined and recorded under u.s . gaap . the amount of the financial assurance requirements related to contract performance varies by contract . additionally , we must provide financial assurance for our insurance program and collateral for certain performance obligations . we do not expect a material increase in financial assurance requirements during 2016 , although the mix of financial assurance instruments may change . these financial assurance instruments are issued in the normal course of business and are not considered indebtedness . because we currently have no liability for the financial assurance instruments , they are not reflected in our consolidated balance sheets ; however , we record capping , closure and post-closure liabilities and insurance liabilities as they are incurred . off-balance sheet arrangements we have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations , other than operating leases and financial assurances , which are not classified as debt . we have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed , consolidated into or reflected in our reported financial position or results of operations . we have not guaranteed any third-party debt . free cash flow we define free cash flow , which is not a measure determined in accordance with u.s . gaap , as cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment , plus proceeds from sales of property and equipment , as presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows . the following table calculates our free cash flow for the years ended december 31 , 2015 , 2014 and 2013 ( in millions of dollars ) : . | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 --------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- cash provided by operating activities | $ 1679.7 | $ 1529.8 | $ 1548.2 purchases of property and equipment | -945.6 ( 945.6 ) | -862.5 ( 862.5 ) | -880.8 ( 880.8 ) proceeds from sales of property and equipment | 21.2 | 35.7 | 23.9 free cash flow | $ 755.3 | $ 703.0 | $ 691.3 for a discussion of the changes in the components of free cash flow , see our discussion regarding cash flows provided by operating activities and cash flows used in investing activities contained elsewhere in this management 2019s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations.
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performance graph the following graph shows a five-year comparison of the cumulative total return on our common stock , the nasdaq composite index , the s&p 500 index and the s&p 500 information technology index from april 24 , 2009 through april 25 , 2014 . the past performance of our common stock is not indicative of the future performance of our common stock . comparison of 5 year cumulative total return* among netapp , inc. , the nasdaq composite index , the s&p 500 index and the s&p 500 information technology index . | 4/09 | 4/10 | 4/11 | 4/12 | 4/13 | 4/14 ------------------------------ | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- netapp inc . | $ 100.00 | $ 189.45 | $ 284.75 | $ 212.19 | $ 190.66 | $ 197.58 nasdaq composite | 100.00 | 144.63 | 170.44 | 182.57 | 202.25 | 253.22 s&p 500 | 100.00 | 138.84 | 162.75 | 170.49 | 199.29 | 240.02 s&p 500 information technology | 100.00 | 143.49 | 162.37 | 186.06 | 189.18 | 236.12 we believe that a number of factors may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly . see 201citem 1a . risk factors . 201d sale of unregistered securities
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stock performance graph the following graph sets forth the cumulative total shareholder return on our series a common stock , series b common stock and series c common stock as compared with the cumulative total return of the companies listed in the standard and poor 2019s 500 stock index ( 201cs&p 500 index 201d ) and a peer group of companies comprised of cbs corporation class b common stock , news corporation class a common stock , scripps network interactive , inc. , time warner , inc. , viacom , inc . class b common stock and the walt disney company . the graph assumes $ 100 originally invested on september 18 , 2008 , the date upon which our common stock began trading , in each of our series a common stock , series b common stock and series c common stock , the s&p 500 index , and the stock of our peer group companies , including reinvestment of dividends , for the period september 18 , 2008 through december 31 , 2008 and the years ended december 31 , 2009 , 2010 and 2011 . of cash on hand , cash generated by operations , borrowings under our revolving credit facility and future financing transactions . under the program , management is authorized to purchase shares from time to time through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at prevailing prices as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements , and subject to stock price , business conditions , market conditions and other factors . the repurchase program does not have an expiration date . the above repurchases were funded using cash on hand . there were no repurchases of our series a common stock or series b common stock during the three months ended december 31 , 2011 . december 31 , december 31 , december 31 , december 31 . | december 31 2008 | december 31 2009 | december 31 2010 | december 31 2011 ---------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- disca | $ 102.53 | $ 222.09 | $ 301.96 | $ 296.67 discb | $ 78.53 | $ 162.82 | $ 225.95 | $ 217.56 disck | $ 83.69 | $ 165.75 | $ 229.31 | $ 235.63 s&p 500 | $ 74.86 | $ 92.42 | $ 104.24 | $ 104.23 peer group | $ 68.79 | $ 100.70 | $ 121.35 | $ 138.19
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gain or loss on ownership change in map results from contributions to map of certain environmental capital expenditures and leased property acquisitions funded by marathon and ashland . in accordance with map 2019s limited liability company agreement , in certain instances , environmental capital expenditures and acquisitions of leased properties are funded by the original contributor of the assets , but no change in ownership interest may result from these contributions . an excess of ashland funded improvements over marathon funded improvements results in a net gain and an excess of marathon funded improvements over ashland funded improvements results in a net loss . cost of revenues increased by $ 5.822 billion in 2004 from 2003 and by $ 6.040 billion in 2003 from 2002 . the increases are primarily in the rm&t segment and result from higher acquisition costs for crude oil , refined products , refinery charge and blend feedstocks and increased manufacturing expenses . selling , general and administrative expenses increased by $ 105 million in 2004 from 2003 and by $ 97 million in 2003 from 2002 . the increase in 2004 was primarily due to increased stock-based compensation and higher costs associated with business transformation and outsourcing . our 2004 results were also impacted by start-up costs associated with the lng project in equatorial guinea and the increased cost of complying with governmental regulations . the increase in 2003 was primarily due to increased employee benefit expenses ( caused by increased pension expense resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions and a decrease in realized returns on plan assets ) and other employee related costs . additionally , during 2003 , we recorded a charge of $ 24 million related to organizational and business process changes . inventory market valuation reserve ( 2018 2018imv 2019 2019 ) is established to reduce the cost basis of inventories to current market value . generally , we will establish an imv reserve when crude oil prices fall below $ 22 per barrel . the 2002 results of operations include credits to income from operations of $ 71 million , reversing the imv reserve at december 31 , 2001 . net interest and other financial costs decreased by $ 25 million in 2004 from 2003 and by $ 82 million in 2003 from 2002 . the decrease in 2004 is primarily due to an increase in interest income . the decrease in 2003 is primarily due to an increase in capitalized interest related to increased long-term construction projects , the favorable effect of interest rate swaps , the favorable effect of a reduction in interest on tax deficiencies and increased interest income on investments . additionally , included in net interest and other financing costs are foreign currency gains of $ 9 million , $ 13 million and $ 8 million for 2004 , 2003 and 2002 . loss from early extinguishment of debt in 2002 was attributable to the retirement of $ 337 million aggregate principal amount of debt , resulting in a loss of $ 53 million . minority interest in income of map , which represents ashland 2019s 38 percent ownership interest , increased by $ 230 million in 2004 from 2003 and by $ 129 million in 2003 from 2002 . map income was higher in 2004 compared to 2003 and in 2003 compared to 2002 as discussed below in the rm&t segment . minority interest in loss of equatorial guinea lng holdings limited , which represents gepetrol 2019s 25 percent ownership interest , was $ 7 million in 2004 , primarily resulting from gepetrol 2019s share of start-up costs associated with the lng project in equatorial guinea . provision for income taxes increased by $ 143 million in 2004 from 2003 and by $ 215 million in 2003 from 2002 , primarily due to $ 388 million and $ 720 million increases in income before income taxes . the effective tax rate for 2004 was 36.6 percent compared to 36.6 percent and 42.1 percent for 2003 and 2002 . the higher rate in 2002 was due to the united kingdom enactment of a supplementary 10 percent tax on profits from the north sea oil and gas production , retroactively effective to april 17 , 2002 . in 2002 , we recognized a one-time noncash deferred tax adjustment of $ 61 million as a result of the rate increase . the following is an analysis of the effective tax rate for the periods presented: . | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 ------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- statutory tax rate | 35.0% ( 35.0 % ) | 35.0% ( 35.0 % ) | 35.0% ( 35.0 % ) effects of foreign operations ( a ) | 1.3 | -0.4 ( 0.4 ) | 5.6 state and local income taxes after federal income tax effects | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.9 other federal tax effects | -1.3 ( 1.3 ) | -0.2 ( 0.2 ) | -2.4 ( 2.4 ) effective tax rate | 36.6% ( 36.6 % ) | 36.6% ( 36.6 % ) | 42.1% ( 42.1 % ) ( a ) the deferred tax effect related to the enactment of a supplemental tax in the u.k . increased the effective tax rate 7.0 percent in
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notes to the consolidated financial statements union pacific corporation and subsidiary companies for purposes of this report , unless the context otherwise requires , all references herein to the 201ccorporation 201d , 201ccompany 201d , 201cupc 201d , 201cwe 201d , 201cus 201d , and 201cour 201d mean union pacific corporation and its subsidiaries , including union pacific railroad company , which will be separately referred to herein as 201cuprr 201d or the 201crailroad 201d . 1 . nature of operations operations and segmentation 2013 we are a class i railroad operating in the u.s . our network includes 31974 route miles , linking pacific coast and gulf coast ports with the midwest and eastern u.s . gateways and providing several corridors to key mexican gateways . we own 26012 miles and operate on the remainder pursuant to trackage rights or leases . we serve the western two-thirds of the country and maintain coordinated schedules with other rail carriers for the handling of freight to and from the atlantic coast , the pacific coast , the southeast , the southwest , canada , and mexico . export and import traffic is moved through gulf coast and pacific coast ports and across the mexican and canadian borders . the railroad , along with its subsidiaries and rail affiliates , is our one reportable operating segment . although we provide and review revenue by commodity group , we analyze the net financial results of the railroad as one segment due to the integrated nature of our rail network . the following table provides freight revenue by commodity group : millions 2014 2013 2012 . millions | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 ----------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- agricultural products | $ 3777 | $ 3276 | $ 3280 automotive | 2103 | 2077 | 1807 chemicals | 3664 | 3501 | 3238 coal | 4127 | 3978 | 3912 industrial products | 4400 | 3822 | 3494 intermodal | 4489 | 4030 | 3955 total freight revenues | $ 22560 | $ 20684 | $ 19686 other revenues | 1428 | 1279 | 1240 total operatingrevenues | $ 23988 | $ 21963 | $ 20926 although our revenues are principally derived from customers domiciled in the u.s. , the ultimate points of origination or destination for some products transported by us are outside the u.s . each of our commodity groups includes revenue from shipments to and from mexico . included in the above table are revenues from our mexico business which amounted to $ 2.3 billion in 2014 , $ 2.1 billion in 2013 , and $ 1.9 billion in 2012 . basis of presentation 2013 the consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the u.s . ( gaap ) as codified in the financial accounting standards board ( fasb ) accounting standards codification ( asc ) . 2 . significant accounting policies principles of consolidation 2013 the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of union pacific corporation and all of its subsidiaries . investments in affiliated companies ( 20% ( 20 % ) to 50% ( 50 % ) owned ) are accounted for using the equity method of accounting . all intercompany transactions are eliminated . we currently have no less than majority-owned investments that require consolidation under variable interest entity requirements . cash and cash equivalents 2013 cash equivalents consist of investments with original maturities of three months or less . accounts receivable 2013 accounts receivable includes receivables reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts . the allowance is based upon historical losses , credit worthiness of customers , and current economic conditions . receivables not expected to be collected in one year and the associated allowances are classified as other assets in our consolidated statements of financial position.
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management 2019s discussion and analysis 126 jpmorgan chase & co./2014 annual report while useful as a current view of credit exposure , the net fair value of the derivative receivables does not capture the potential future variability of that credit exposure . to capture the potential future variability of credit exposure , the firm calculates , on a client-by-client basis , three measures of potential derivatives-related credit loss : peak , derivative risk equivalent ( 201cdre 201d ) , and average exposure ( 201cavg 201d ) . these measures all incorporate netting and collateral benefits , where applicable . peak exposure to a counterparty is an extreme measure of exposure calculated at a 97.5% ( 97.5 % ) confidence level . dre exposure is a measure that expresses the risk of derivative exposure on a basis intended to be equivalent to the risk of loan exposures . the measurement is done by equating the unexpected loss in a derivative counterparty exposure ( which takes into consideration both the loss volatility and the credit rating of the counterparty ) with the unexpected loss in a loan exposure ( which takes into consideration only the credit rating of the counterparty ) . dre is a less extreme measure of potential credit loss than peak and is the primary measure used by the firm for credit approval of derivative transactions . finally , avg is a measure of the expected fair value of the firm 2019s derivative receivables at future time periods , including the benefit of collateral . avg exposure over the total life of the derivative contract is used as the primary metric for pricing purposes and is used to calculate credit capital and the cva , as further described below . the three year avg exposure was $ 37.5 billion and $ 35.4 billion at december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively , compared with derivative receivables , net of all collateral , of $ 59.4 billion and $ 51.3 billion at december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively . the fair value of the firm 2019s derivative receivables incorporates an adjustment , the cva , to reflect the credit quality of counterparties . the cva is based on the firm 2019s avg to a counterparty and the counterparty 2019s credit spread in the credit derivatives market . the primary components of changes in cva are credit spreads , new deal activity or unwinds , and changes in the underlying market environment . the firm believes that active risk management is essential to controlling the dynamic credit risk in the derivatives portfolio . in addition , the firm 2019s risk management process takes into consideration the potential impact of wrong-way risk , which is broadly defined as the potential for increased correlation between the firm 2019s exposure to a counterparty ( avg ) and the counterparty 2019s credit quality . many factors may influence the nature and magnitude of these correlations over time . to the extent that these correlations are identified , the firm may adjust the cva associated with that counterparty 2019s avg . the firm risk manages exposure to changes in cva by entering into credit derivative transactions , as well as interest rate , foreign exchange , equity and commodity derivative transactions . the accompanying graph shows exposure profiles to the firm 2019s current derivatives portfolio over the next 10 years as calculated by the dre and avg metrics . the two measures generally show that exposure will decline after the first year , if no new trades are added to the portfolio . the following table summarizes the ratings profile by derivative counterparty of the firm 2019s derivative receivables , including credit derivatives , net of other liquid securities collateral , for the dates indicated . the ratings scale is based on the firm 2019s internal ratings , which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by s&p and moody 2019s . ratings profile of derivative receivables rating equivalent 2014 2013 ( a ) december 31 , ( in millions , except ratios ) exposure net of all collateral % ( % ) of exposure net of all collateral exposure net of all collateral % ( % ) of exposure net of all collateral . rating equivalent december 31 ( in millions except ratios ) | rating equivalent exposure net of all collateral | rating equivalent % ( % ) of exposure net of all collateral | exposure net of all collateral | % ( % ) of exposure net of all collateral ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ aaa/aaa to aa-/aa3 | $ 19202 | 32% ( 32 % ) | $ 12953 | 25% ( 25 % ) a+/a1 to a-/a3 | 13940 | 24 | 12930 | 25 bbb+/baa1 to bbb-/baa3 | 19008 | 32 | 15220 | 30 bb+/ba1 to b-/b3 | 6384 | 11 | 6806 | 13 ccc+/caa1 and below | 837 | 1 | 3415 | 7 total | $ 59371 | 100% ( 100 % ) | $ 51324 | 100% ( 100 % ) ( a ) the prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
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royal caribbean cruises ltd . 79 notes to the consolidated financial statements in 2012 , we determined the implied fair value of good- will for the pullmantur reporting unit was $ 145.5 mil- lion and recognized an impairment charge of $ 319.2 million based on a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model further discussed below . this impair- ment charge was recognized in earnings during the fourth quarter of 2012 and is reported within impair- ment of pullmantur related assets within our consoli- dated statements of comprehensive income ( loss ) . during the fourth quarter of 2014 , we performed a qualitative assessment of whether it was more-likely- than-not that our royal caribbean international reporting unit 2019s fair value was less than its carrying amount before applying the two-step goodwill impair- ment test . the qualitative analysis included assessing the impact of certain factors such as general economic conditions , limitations on accessing capital , changes in forecasted operating results , changes in fuel prices and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates . based on our qualitative assessment , we concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that the estimated fair value of the royal caribbean international reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and thus , we did not pro- ceed to the two-step goodwill impairment test . no indicators of impairment exist primarily because the reporting unit 2019s fair value has consistently exceeded its carrying value by a significant margin , its financial performance has been solid in the face of mixed economic environments and forecasts of operating results generated by the reporting unit appear suffi- cient to support its carrying value . we also performed our annual impairment review of goodwill for pullmantur 2019s reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2014 . we did not perform a quali- tative assessment but instead proceeded directly to the two-step goodwill impairment test . we estimated the fair value of the pullmantur reporting unit using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model . the principal assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model are projected operating results , weighted- average cost of capital , and terminal value . signifi- cantly impacting these assumptions are the transfer of vessels from our other cruise brands to pullmantur . the discounted cash flow model used our 2015 pro- jected operating results as a base . to that base , we added future years 2019 cash flows assuming multiple rev- enue and expense scenarios that reflect the impact of different global economic environments beyond 2015 on pullmantur 2019s reporting unit . we assigned a probability to each revenue and expense scenario . we discounted the projected cash flows using rates specific to pullmantur 2019s reporting unit based on its weighted-average cost of capital . based on the probability-weighted discounted cash flows , we deter- mined the fair value of the pullmantur reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 52% ( 52 % ) resulting in no impairment to pullmantur 2019s goodwill . pullmantur is a brand targeted primarily at the spanish , portuguese and latin american markets , with an increasing focus on latin america . the persistent economic instability in these markets has created sig- nificant uncertainties in forecasting operating results and future cash flows used in our impairment analyses . we continue to monitor economic events in these markets for their potential impact on pullmantur 2019s business and valuation . further , the estimation of fair value utilizing discounted expected future cash flows includes numerous uncertainties which require our significant judgment when making assumptions of expected revenues , operating costs , marketing , sell- ing and administrative expenses , interest rates , ship additions and retirements as well as assumptions regarding the cruise vacation industry 2019s competitive environment and general economic and business conditions , among other factors . if there are changes to the projected future cash flows used in the impairment analyses , especially in net yields or if certain transfers of vessels from our other cruise brands to the pullmantur fleet do not take place , it is possible that an impairment charge of pullmantur 2019s reporting unit 2019s goodwill may be required . of these factors , the planned transfers of vessels to the pullmantur fleet is most significant to the projected future cash flows . if the transfers do not occur , we will likely fail step one of the impairment test . note 4 . intangible assets intangible assets are reported in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets and consist of the follow- ing ( in thousands ) : . | 2014 | 2013 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | -------- indefinite-life intangible asset 2014pullmantur trademarks and trade names | $ 214112 | $ 204866 foreign currency translation adjustment | -26074 ( 26074 ) | 9246 total | $ 188038 | $ 214112 during the fourth quarter of 2014 , 2013 and 2012 , we performed the annual impairment review of pullmantur 2019s trademarks and trade names using a discounted cash flow model and the relief-from-royalty method to compare the fair value of these indefinite-lived intan- gible assets to its carrying value . the royalty rate used is based on comparable royalty agreements in the tourism and hospitality industry . we used a dis- count rate comparable to the rate used in valuing the pullmantur reporting unit in our goodwill impairment test . based on the results of our testing , we did not
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shareowner return performance graph the following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed 201csoliciting material 201d or to be 201cfiled 201d with the sec , nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the securities act of 1933 or securities exchange act of 1934 , each as amended , except to the extent that the company specifically incorporates such information by reference into such filing . the following graph shows a five year comparison of cumulative total shareowners 2019 returns for our class b common stock , the standard & poor 2019s 500 index , and the dow jones transportation average . the comparison of the total cumulative return on investment , which is the change in the quarterly stock price plus reinvested dividends for each of the quarterly periods , assumes that $ 100 was invested on december 31 , 2008 in the standard & poor 2019s 500 index , the dow jones transportation average , and our class b common stock. . | 12/31/2008 | 12/31/2009 | 12/31/2010 | 12/31/2011 | 12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013 -------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- united parcel service inc . | $ 100.00 | $ 107.75 | $ 140.39 | $ 145.84 | $ 151.44 | $ 221.91 standard & poor 2019s 500 index | $ 100.00 | $ 126.45 | $ 145.49 | $ 148.55 | $ 172.30 | $ 228.09 dow jones transportation average | $ 100.00 | $ 118.59 | $ 150.30 | $ 150.31 | $ 161.56 | $ 228.42
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the activity related to the restructuring liability for 2004 is as follows ( in thousands ) : non-operating items interest income increased $ 1.7 million to $ 12.0 million in 2005 from $ 10.3 million in 2004 . the increase was mainly the result of higher returns on invested funds . interest expense decreased $ 1.0 million , or 5% ( 5 % ) , to $ 17.3 million in 2005 from $ 18.3 million in 2004 as a result of the exchange of newly issued stock for a portion of our outstanding convertible debt in the second half of 2005 . in addition , as a result of the issuance during 2005 of common stock in exchange for convertible subordinated notes , we recorded a non- cash charge of $ 48.2 million . this charge related to the incremental shares issued in the transactions over the number of shares that would have been issued upon the conversion of the notes under their original terms . liquidity and capital resources we have incurred operating losses since our inception and historically have financed our operations principally through public and private offerings of our equity and debt securities , strategic collaborative agreements that include research and/or development funding , development milestones and royalties on the sales of products , investment income and proceeds from the issuance of stock under our employee benefit programs . at december 31 , 2006 , we had cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities of $ 761.8 million , which was an increase of $ 354.2 million from $ 407.5 million at december 31 , 2005 . the increase was primarily a result of : 2022 $ 313.7 million in net proceeds from our september 2006 public offering of common stock ; 2022 $ 165.0 million from an up-front payment we received in connection with signing the janssen agreement ; 2022 $ 52.4 million from the issuance of common stock under our employee benefit plans ; and 2022 $ 30.0 million from the sale of shares of altus pharmaceuticals inc . common stock and warrants to purchase altus common stock . these cash inflows were partially offset by the significant cash expenditures we made in 2006 related to research and development expenses and sales , general and administrative expenses . capital expenditures for property and equipment during 2006 were $ 32.4 million . at december 31 , 2006 , we had $ 42.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2007 notes and $ 59.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2011 notes outstanding . the 2007 notes are due in september 2007 and are convertible into common stock at the option of the holder at a price equal to $ 92.26 per share , subject to adjustment under certain circumstances . in february 2007 , we announced that we will redeem our 2011 notes on march 5 , 2007 . the 2011 notes are convertible into shares of our common stock at the option of the holder at a price equal to $ 14.94 per share . we expect the holders of the 2011 notes will elect to convert their notes into stock , in which case we will issue approximately 4.0 million . we will be required to repay any 2011 notes that are not converted at the rate of $ 1003.19 per $ 1000 principal amount , which includes principal and interest that will accrue to the redemption date . liability as of december 31 , payments in 2004 cash received from sublease , net of operating costs in 2004 additional charge in liability as of december 31 , lease restructuring liability and other operating lease liability $ 69526 $ ( 31550 ) $ 293 $ 17574 $ 55843 . | liability as of december 31 2003 | cash payments in 2004 | cash received from sublease net of operating costs in 2004 | additional charge in 2004 | liability as of december 31 2004 ----------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------- lease restructuring liability and other operating lease liability | $ 69526 | $ -31550 ( 31550 ) | $ 293 | $ 17574 | $ 55843 the activity related to the restructuring liability for 2004 is as follows ( in thousands ) : non-operating items interest income increased $ 1.7 million to $ 12.0 million in 2005 from $ 10.3 million in 2004 . the increase was mainly the result of higher returns on invested funds . interest expense decreased $ 1.0 million , or 5% ( 5 % ) , to $ 17.3 million in 2005 from $ 18.3 million in 2004 as a result of the exchange of newly issued stock for a portion of our outstanding convertible debt in the second half of 2005 . in addition , as a result of the issuance during 2005 of common stock in exchange for convertible subordinated notes , we recorded a non- cash charge of $ 48.2 million . this charge related to the incremental shares issued in the transactions over the number of shares that would have been issued upon the conversion of the notes under their original terms . liquidity and capital resources we have incurred operating losses since our inception and historically have financed our operations principally through public and private offerings of our equity and debt securities , strategic collaborative agreements that include research and/or development funding , development milestones and royalties on the sales of products , investment income and proceeds from the issuance of stock under our employee benefit programs . at december 31 , 2006 , we had cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities of $ 761.8 million , which was an increase of $ 354.2 million from $ 407.5 million at december 31 , 2005 . the increase was primarily a result of : 2022 $ 313.7 million in net proceeds from our september 2006 public offering of common stock ; 2022 $ 165.0 million from an up-front payment we received in connection with signing the janssen agreement ; 2022 $ 52.4 million from the issuance of common stock under our employee benefit plans ; and 2022 $ 30.0 million from the sale of shares of altus pharmaceuticals inc . common stock and warrants to purchase altus common stock . these cash inflows were partially offset by the significant cash expenditures we made in 2006 related to research and development expenses and sales , general and administrative expenses . capital expenditures for property and equipment during 2006 were $ 32.4 million . at december 31 , 2006 , we had $ 42.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2007 notes and $ 59.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2011 notes outstanding . the 2007 notes are due in september 2007 and are convertible into common stock at the option of the holder at a price equal to $ 92.26 per share , subject to adjustment under certain circumstances . in february 2007 , we announced that we will redeem our 2011 notes on march 5 , 2007 . the 2011 notes are convertible into shares of our common stock at the option of the holder at a price equal to $ 14.94 per share . we expect the holders of the 2011 notes will elect to convert their notes into stock , in which case we will issue approximately 4.0 million . we will be required to repay any 2011 notes that are not converted at the rate of $ 1003.19 per $ 1000 principal amount , which includes principal and interest that will accrue to the redemption date . liability as of december 31 , payments in 2004 cash received from sublease , net of operating costs in 2004 additional charge in liability as of december 31 , lease restructuring liability and other operating lease liability $ 69526 $ ( 31550 ) $ 293 $ 17574 $ 55843
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management 2019s discussion and analysis supplemental financial information and disclosures income tax matters effective tax rate from continuing operations . | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- u.s . gaap | 40.1% ( 40.1 % ) | 30.8% ( 30.8 % ) | 25.9% ( 25.9 % ) adjusted effective income taxrate 2014non-gaap1 | 30.8% ( 30.8 % ) | 31.6% ( 31.6 % ) | 32.3% ( 32.3 % ) adjusted effective income tax rate 2014 non-gaap1 30.8% ( 30.8 % ) 31.6% ( 31.6 % ) 32.3% ( 32.3 % ) 1 . beginning in 2017 , income tax consequences associated with employee share-based awards are recognized in provision for income taxes in the income statements but are excluded from the intermittent net discrete tax provisions ( benefits ) adjustment as we anticipate conversion activity each year . see note 2 to the financial statements on the adoption of the accounting update improvements to employee share-based payment accounting . for 2015 , adjusted effective income tax rate also excludes dva . for further information on non-gaap measures , see 201cselected non-gaap financial information 201d herein . the effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2017 included an intermittent net discrete tax provision of $ 968 million , primarily related to the impact of the tax act , partially offset by net discrete tax benefits primarily associ- ated with the remeasurement of reserves and related interest due to new information regarding the status of multi-year irs tax examinations . the tax act , enacted on december 22 , 2017 , significantly revised u.s . corporate income tax law by , among other things , reducing the corporate income tax rate to 21% ( 21 % ) , and implementing a modified territorial tax system that includes a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings of non-u.s . subsidiaries ; imposes a minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income ( 201cgilti 201d ) and an alternative base erosion and anti-abuse tax ( 201cbeat 201d ) on u.s . corpora- tions that make deductible payments to non-u.s . related persons in excess of specified amounts ; and broadens the tax base by partially or wholly eliminating tax deductions for certain historically deductible expenses ( e.g. , fdic premiums and executive compensation ) . we recorded an approximate $ 1.2 billion net discrete tax provision as a result of the enactment of the tax act , primarily from the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets using the lower enacted corporate tax rate . this provi- sion incorporates the best available information as of the enactment date as well as assumptions made based upon our current interpretation of the tax act . our estimates may change as we receive additional clarification and implementa- tion guidance from the u.s . treasury department and as the interpretation of the tax act evolves over time . the ultimate impact of the income tax effects of the tax act will be deter- mined in connection with the preparation of our u.s . consoli- dated federal income tax return . taking into account our current assumptions , estimates and interpretations related to the tax act and other factors , we expect our effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2018 to be approximately 22% ( 22 % ) to 25% ( 25 % ) , depending on factors such as the geographic mix of earnings and employee share- based awards ( see 201cforward-looking statements 201d ) . subsequent to the release of the firm 2019s 2017 earnings on january 18 , 2018 , certain estimates related to the net discrete tax provision associated with the enactment of the tax act were revised , resulting in a $ 43 million increase in the provi- sion for income taxes and a reallocation of impacts among segments . this decreased diluted eps and diluted eps from continuing operations by $ 0.03 and $ 0.02 in the fourth quarter and year ended december 31 , 2017 , respectively . on a business segment basis , the change resulted in an $ 89 million increase in provision for income taxes for wealth management , a $ 45 million decrease for institutional securi- ties , and a $ 1 million decrease for investment management . the effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2016 included intermittent net discrete tax benefits of $ 68 million , primarily related to the remeasurement of reserves and related interest due to new information regarding the status of multi- year irs tax examinations , partially offset by adjustments for other tax matters . the effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2015 included intermittent net discrete tax benefits of $ 564 million , primarily associated with the repatriation of non-u.s . earn- ings at a cost lower than originally estimated due to an internal restructuring to simplify the legal entity organization in the u.k . u.s . bank subsidiaries we provide loans to a variety of customers , from large corpo- rate and institutional clients to high net worth individuals , primarily through our u.s . bank subsidiaries , morgan stanley bank n.a . ( 201cmsbna 201d ) and morgan stanley private bank , national association ( 201cmspbna 201d ) ( collectively , 201cu.s . bank subsidiaries 201d ) . the lending activities in the institutional securities business segment primarily include loans and lending commitments to corporate clients . the lending activ- ities in the wealth management business segment primarily include securities-based lending that allows clients to borrow december 2017 form 10-k 52
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on may 20 , 2015 , aon plc issued $ 600 million of 4.750% ( 4.750 % ) senior notes due may 2045 . the 4.750% ( 4.750 % ) notes due may 2045 are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by aon corporation . we used the proceeds of the issuance for general corporate purposes . on september 30 , 2015 , $ 600 million of 3.50% ( 3.50 % ) senior notes issued by aon corporation matured and were repaid . on november 13 , 2015 , aon plc issued $ 400 million of 2.80% ( 2.80 % ) senior notes due march 2021 . the 2.80% ( 2.80 % ) notes due march 2021 are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by aon corporation . we used the proceeds of the issuance for general corporate purposes . credit facilities as of december 31 , 2015 , we had two committed credit facilities outstanding : our $ 400 million u.s . credit facility expiring in march 2017 ( the "2017 facility" ) and $ 900 million multi-currency u.s . credit facility expiring in february 2020 ( the "2020 facility" ) . the 2020 facility was entered into on february 2 , 2015 and replaced the previous 20ac650 million european credit facility . each of these facilities is intended to support our commercial paper obligations and our general working capital needs . in addition , each of these facilities includes customary representations , warranties and covenants , including financial covenants that require us to maintain specified ratios of adjusted consolidated ebitda to consolidated interest expense and consolidated debt to adjusted consolidated ebitda , tested quarterly . at december 31 , 2015 , we did not have borrowings under either the 2017 facility or the 2020 facility , and we were in compliance with the financial covenants and all other covenants contained therein during the twelve months ended december 31 , 2015 . effective february 2 , 2016 , the 2020 facility terms were extended for 1 year and will expire in february 2021 our total debt-to-ebitda ratio at december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , is calculated as follows: . years ended december 31, | 2015 | 2014 --------------------------------- | ---- | ---- net income | 1422 | 1431 interest expense | 273 | 255 income taxes | 267 | 334 depreciation of fixed assets | 229 | 242 amortization of intangible assets | 314 | 352 total ebitda | 2505 | 2614 total debt | 5737 | 5582 total debt-to-ebitda ratio | 2.3 | 2.1 we use ebitda , as defined by our financial covenants , as a non-gaap measure . this supplemental information related to ebitda represents a measure not in accordance with u.s . gaap and should be viewed in addition to , not instead of , our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto . shelf registration statement on september 3 , 2015 , we filed a shelf registration statement with the sec , registering the offer and sale from time to time of an indeterminate amount of , among other securities , debt securities , preference shares , class a ordinary shares and convertible securities . our ability to access the market as a source of liquidity is dependent on investor demand , market conditions and other factors.
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morgan stanley notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) lending commitments . primary lending commitments are those that are originated by the company whereas secondary lending commitments are purchased from third parties in the market . the commitments include lending commitments that are made to investment grade and non-investment grade companies in connection with corporate lending and other business activities . commitments for secured lending transactions . secured lending commitments are extended by the company to companies and are secured by real estate or other physical assets of the borrower . loans made under these arrangements typically are at variable rates and generally provide for over-collateralization based upon the creditworthiness of the borrower . forward starting reverse repurchase agreements . the company has entered into forward starting securities purchased under agreements to resell ( agreements that have a trade date at or prior to december 31 , 2013 and settle subsequent to period-end ) that are primarily secured by collateral from u.s . government agency securities and other sovereign government obligations . commercial and residential mortgage-related commitments . the company enters into forward purchase contracts involving residential mortgage loans , residential mortgage lending commitments to individuals and residential home equity lines of credit . in addition , the company enters into commitments to originate commercial and residential mortgage loans . underwriting commitments . the company provides underwriting commitments in connection with its capital raising sources to a diverse group of corporate and other institutional clients . other lending commitments . other commitments generally include commercial lending commitments to small businesses and commitments related to securities-based lending activities in connection with the company 2019s wealth management business segment . the company sponsors several non-consolidated investment funds for third-party investors where the company typically acts as general partner of , and investment advisor to , these funds and typically commits to invest a minority of the capital of such funds , with subscribing third-party investors contributing the majority . the company 2019s employees , including its senior officers , as well as the company 2019s directors , may participate on the same terms and conditions as other investors in certain of these funds that the company forms primarily for client investment , except that the company may waive or lower applicable fees and charges for its employees . the company has contractual capital commitments , guarantees , lending facilities and counterparty arrangements with respect to these investment funds . premises and equipment . the company has non-cancelable operating leases covering premises and equipment ( excluding commodities operating leases , shown separately ) . at december 31 , 2013 , future minimum rental commitments under such leases ( net of subleases , principally on office rentals ) were as follows ( dollars in millions ) : year ended operating premises leases . year ended | operating premises leases ---------- | ------------------------- 2014 | $ 672 2015 | 656 2016 | 621 2017 | 554 2018 | 481 thereafter | 2712
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other off-balance sheet commitments lease commitments the company leases various equipment and facilities , including retail space , under noncancelable operating lease arrangements . the company does not currently utilize any other off-balance sheet financing arrangements . the major facility leases are typically for terms not exceeding 10 years and generally provide renewal options for terms not exceeding five additional years . leases for retail space are for terms ranging from five to 20 years , the majority of which are for 10 years , and often contain multi-year renewal options . as of september 29 , 2012 , the company 2019s total future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were $ 4.4 billion , of which $ 3.1 billion related to leases for retail space . rent expense under all operating leases , including both cancelable and noncancelable leases , was $ 488 million , $ 338 million and $ 271 million in 2012 , 2011 and 2010 , respectively . future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases having remaining terms in excess of one year as of september 29 , 2012 , are as follows ( in millions ) : . 2013 | $ 516 ---------------------------- | ------ 2014 | 556 2015 | 542 2016 | 513 2017 | 486 thereafter | 1801 total minimum lease payments | $ 4414 other commitments as of september 29 , 2012 , the company had outstanding off-balance sheet third-party manufacturing commitments and component purchase commitments of $ 21.1 billion . in addition to the off-balance sheet commitments mentioned above , the company had outstanding obligations of $ 988 million as of september 29 , 2012 , which were comprised mainly of commitments to acquire capital assets , including product tooling and manufacturing process equipment , and commitments related to advertising , research and development , internet and telecommunications services and other obligations . contingencies the company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been fully adjudicated , certain of which are discussed in part i , item 3 of this form 10-k under the heading 201clegal proceedings 201d and in part i , item 1a of this form 10-k under the heading 201crisk factors . 201d in the opinion of management , there was not at least a reasonable possibility the company may have incurred a material loss , or a material loss in excess of a recorded accrual , with respect to loss contingencies . however , the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain . therefore , although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote , if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against the company in a reporting period for amounts in excess of management 2019s expectations , the company 2019s consolidated financial statements for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected . apple inc . vs samsung electronics co. , ltd , et al . on august 24 , 2012 , a jury returned a verdict awarding the company $ 1.05 billion in its lawsuit against samsung electronics and affiliated parties in the united states district court , northern district of california , san jose division . because the award is subject to entry of final judgment and may be subject to appeal , the company has not recognized the award in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended september 29 , 2012.
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the following table summarizes the short-term borrowing activity for awcc for the years ended december 31: . | 2017 | 2016 ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- average borrowings | $ 779 | $ 850 maximum borrowings outstanding | 1135 | 1016 weighted average interest rates computed on daily basis | 1.24% ( 1.24 % ) | 0.78% ( 0.78 % ) weighted average interest rates as of december 31 | 1.61% ( 1.61 % ) | 0.98% ( 0.98 % ) the credit facility requires the company to maintain a ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated capitalization of not more than 0.70 to 1.00 . the ratio as of december 31 , 2017 was 0.59 to 1.00 . none of the company 2019s borrowings are subject to default or prepayment as a result of a downgrading of securities , although such a downgrading could increase fees and interest charges under the company 2019s credit facility . as part of the normal course of business , the company routinely enters contracts for the purchase and sale of water , energy , fuels and other services . these contracts either contain express provisions or otherwise permit the company and its counterparties to demand adequate assurance of future performance when there are reasonable grounds for doing so . in accordance with the contracts and applicable contract law , if the company is downgraded by a credit rating agency , especially if such downgrade is to a level below investment grade , it is possible that a counterparty would attempt to rely on such a downgrade as a basis for making a demand for adequate assurance of future performance . depending on the company 2019s net position with the counterparty , the demand could be for the posting of collateral . in the absence of expressly agreed provisions that specify the collateral that must be provided , the obligation to supply the collateral requested will be a function of the facts and circumstances of the company 2019s situation at the time of the demand . if the company can reasonably claim that it is willing and financially able to perform its obligations , it may be possible that no collateral would need to be posted or that only an amount equal to two or three months of future payments should be sufficient . the company does not expect to post any collateral which will have a material adverse impact on the company 2019s results of operations , financial position or cash flows . note 12 : general taxes the following table summarizes the components of general tax expense for the years ended december 31 : 2017 2016 2015 gross receipts and franchise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 110 $ 106 $ 99 property and capital stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 106 98 payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 32 31 other general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14 15 total general taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 259 $ 258 $ 243
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18 . financial instruments : derivatives and hedging financial accounting standards board 2019s statement no . 133 , 201caccounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities , 201d ( 201csfas 133 201d ) which became effective january 1 , 2001 requires the company to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value . derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income . if a derivative is a hedge , depending on the nature of the hedge , changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedged asset , liability , or firm commitment through earnings , or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings . the ineffective portion of a derivative 2019s change in fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings . the company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment upon the adoption of sfas 133 . this cumulative effect adjustment , of which the intrinsic value of the hedge was recorded in other comprehensive income ( $ 811 ) and the time value component was recorded in the state- ment of income ( $ 532 ) , was an unrealized loss of $ 1343 . the transition amounts were determined based on the interpretive guidance issued by the fasb at that date . the fasb continues to issue interpretive guidance that could require changes in the company 2019s application of the standard and adjustments to the transition amounts . sfas 133 may increase or decrease reported net income and stockholders 2019 equity prospectively , depending on future levels of interest rates and other variables affecting the fair values of derivative instruments and hedged items , but will have no effect on cash flows . the following table summarizes the notional and fair value of the company 2019s derivative financial instruments at december 31 , 2001 . the notional is an indication of the extent of the company 2019s involvement in these instruments at that time , but does not represent exposure to credit , interest rate or market risks . notional strike fair value rate maturity value . | notional value | strike rate | maturity | fair value -------------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | -------- | ---------------- interest rate collar | $ 70000 | 6.580% ( 6.580 % ) | 11/2004 | $ -4096 ( 4096 ) interest rate swap | $ 65000 | 4.010 | 8/2005 | $ 891 on december 31 , 2001 , the derivative instruments were reported as an obligation at their fair value of $ 3205 . offsetting adjustments are represented as deferred gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $ 2911 . currently , all derivative instruments are designated as hedging instruments . over time , the unrealized gains and losses held in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings as interest expense in the same periods in which the hedged interest payments affect earnings . the company estimates that approximately $ 1093 of the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months . the company is not currently hedging exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions other than anticipated future interest payments on existing debt . 19 . environmental matters management of the company believes that the properties are in compliance in all material respects with applicable federal , state and local ordinances and regulations regarding environmental issues . management is not aware of any environmental liability that it believes would have a materially adverse impact on the company 2019s financial position , results of operations or cash flows . management is unaware of any instances in which it would incur significant environmental cost if any of the properties were sold . 20 . segment information the company is a reit engaged in owning , managing , leasing and repositioning office properties in manhattan and has two reportable segments , office real estate and structured finance investments . the company evaluates real estate performance and allocates resources based on net operating income . the company 2019s real estate portfolio is located in one geo- graphical market of manhattan . the primary sources of revenue are generated from tenant rents and escalations and reimburse- ment revenue . real estate property operating expenses consist primarily of security , maintenance , utility costs , real estate taxes and ground rent expense ( at certain applicable properties ) . at december 31 , 2001 and 2000 , of the total assets of $ 1371577 and $ 1161154 , $ 1182939 and $ 1109861 repre- sented real estate assets and $ 188638 and $ 51293 represented structured finance investments , respectively . for the years ended december 31 , 2001 , 2000 and 1999 , of the total revenues of $ 257685 , $ 230323 and $ 206017 , $ 240316 , $ 217052 and $ 200751 represented total revenues from real estate assets and $ 17369 , $ 13271 and $ 5266 represented total revenues from structured finance investments . for the years ended december 31 , 2001 , 2000 and 1999 , of the total net operating income of $ 63607 , $ 53152 and $ 48966 , $ 46238 , $ 39881 and $ 43700 represented net operat- ing income from real estate assets and $ 17369 , $ 13271 and $ 5266 represents net operating income from structured finance investments , respectively . the company does not allocate mar- keting , general and administrative expenses or interest expense to the structured finance segment , since it bases performance on the individual segments prior to allocating marketing , general and administrative expenses and interest expense . all other expenses relate solely to the real estate assets . there were no transactions between the above two segments . sl green realty corp . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) december 31 , 2001 ( dollars in thousands , except per share data )
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management 2019s discussion and analysis of increased volumes in our performance and applied coatings , optical and specialty materials and glass reportable business segments was offset by volume declines in the commodity chemicals reportable business segment . the volume decline in the commodity chemicals reportable business segment was due in part to lost sales resulting from the impact of hurricane rita , as discussed below . cost of sales as a percentage of sales increased to 63.5% ( 63.5 % ) as compared to 63.1% ( 63.1 % ) in 2004 . inflation , including higher coatings raw material costs and higher energy costs in our commodity chemicals and glass reportable business segments increased our cost of sales . selling , general and administrative expense declined slightly as a percentage of sales to 17.4% ( 17.4 % ) despite increasing by $ 56 million in 2005 . these costs increased primarily due to increased advertising in our optical products operating segment and higher expenses due to store expansions in our architectural coatings operating segment . interest expense declined $ 9 million in 2005 , reflecting the year over year reduction in the outstanding debt balance of $ 80 million . other charges increased $ 284 million in 2005 primarily due to pretax charges of $ 132 million related to the marvin legal settlement , net of $ 18 million in insurance recoveries , $ 61 million for the federal glass class action antitrust legal settlement , $ 34 million of direct costs related to the impact of hurricanes rita and katrina , $ 27 million for an asset impairment charge in our fine chemicals operating segment , $ 19 million for debt refinancing costs and an increase of $ 12 million for environmental remediation costs . net income and earnings per share 2013 assuming dilution for 2005 were $ 596 million and $ 3.49 respectively , compared to $ 683 million and $ 3.95 , respectively , for 2004 . net income in 2005 included aftertax charges of $ 117 million , or 68 cents a share , for legal settlements net of insurance ; $ 21 million , or 12 cents a share for direct costs related to the impact of hurricanes katrina and rita ; $ 17 million , or 10 cents a share related to an asset impairment charge related to our fine chemicals business ; and $ 12 million , or 7 cents a share , for debt refinancing costs . the legal settlements net of insurance include aftertax charges of $ 80 million for the marvin legal settlement , net of insurance recoveries , and $ 37 million for the impact of the federal glass class action antitrust legal settlement . net income for 2005 and 2004 included an aftertax charge of $ 13 million , or 8 cents a share , and $ 19 million , or 11 cents a share , respectively , to reflect the net increase in the current value of the company 2019s obligation relating to asbestos claims under the ppg settlement arrangement . results of reportable business segments net sales segment income ( millions ) 2005 2004 2005 2004 industrial coatings $ 2921 $ 2818 $ 284 $ 338 performance and applied coatings 2668 2478 464 451 optical and specialty materials 867 805 158 186 . ( millions ) | net sales 2005 | net sales 2004 | net sales 2005 | 2004 -------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | ----- industrial coatings | $ 2921 | $ 2818 | $ 284 | $ 338 performance and applied coatings | 2668 | 2478 | 464 | 451 optical and specialty materials | 867 | 805 | 158 | 186 commodity chemicals | 1531 | 1229 | 313 | 113 glass | 2214 | 2183 | 123 | 166 sales of industrial coatings increased $ 103 million or 4% ( 4 % ) in 2005 . sales increased 2% ( 2 % ) due to higher selling prices in our industrial and packaging coatings businesses and 2% ( 2 % ) due to the positive effects of foreign currency translation . volume was flat year over year as increased volume in automotive coatings was offset by lower volume in industrial and packaging coatings . segment income decreased $ 54 million in 2005 . the decrease in segment income was due to the adverse impact of inflation , including raw materials costs increases of about $ 170 million , which more than offset the benefits of higher selling prices , improved sales margin mix , formula cost reductions , lower manufacturing costs and higher other income . performance and applied coatings sales increased $ 190 million or 8% ( 8 % ) in 2005 . sales increased 4% ( 4 % ) due to higher selling prices in all three operating segments , 3% ( 3 % ) due to increased volumes as increases in our aerospace and architectural coatings businesses exceeded volume declines in automotive refinish , and 1% ( 1 % ) due to the positive effects of foreign currency translation . performance and applied coatings segment income increased $ 13 million in 2005 . segment income increased due to the impact of increased sales volumes described above and higher other income , which combined to offset the negative impacts of higher overhead costs to support the growth in these businesses , particularly in the architectural coatings business , and higher manufacturing costs . the impact of higher selling prices fully offset the adverse impact of inflation , including raw materials cost increases of about $ 75 million . optical and specialty materials sales increased $ 62 million or 8% ( 8 % ) . sales increased 8% ( 8 % ) due to higher sales volumes in our optical products and silica businesses , which offset lower sales volumes in our fine chemicals business . sales increased 1% ( 1 % ) due to an acquisition in our optical products business and decreased 1% ( 1 % ) due to lower pricing . segment income decreased $ 28 million . the primary factor decreasing segment income was the $ 27 million impairment charge related to our fine chemicals business . the impact of higher sales volumes described above was offset by higher inflation , including increased energy costs ; lower selling prices ; increased overhead costs in our optical products business to support growth 24 2006 ppg annual report and form 10-k 4282_txt
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revenues by segment the table below summarizes our revenues by reporting segment ( in millions ) : . | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 --------------------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ ifs | $ 4566 | $ 3846 | $ 3679 gfs | 4250 | 2360 | 2198 corporate & other | 425 | 390 | 536 total consolidated revenues | $ 9241 | $ 6596 | $ 6413 integrated financial solutions ( "ifs" ) the ifs segment is focused primarily on serving the north american regional and community bank and savings institutions market for transaction and account processing , payment solutions , channel solutions , lending and wealth management solutions , digital channels , risk and compliance solutions , and services , capitalizing on the continuing trend to outsource these solutions . ifs also includes corporate liquidity and wealth management solutions acquired in the sungard acquisition . clients in this segment include regional and community banks , credit unions and commercial lenders , as well as government institutions , merchants and other commercial organizations . this market is primarily served through integrated solutions and characterized by multi-year processing contracts that generate highly recurring revenues . the predictable nature of cash flows generated from this segment provides opportunities for further r investments in innovation , product integration , information and security , and compliance in a cost effective manner . our solutions in this segment include : 2022 core processing and ancillary applications . our core processing software applications are designed to run banking processes for our financial institution clients , including deposit and lending systems , customer management , and other central management systems , serving as the system of record for processed activity . our diverse selection of market-focused core systems enables fis to compete effectively in a wide range of markets . we also offer a number of services that are ancillary tof the primary applications listed above , including branch automation , back office support systems and compliance support . 2022 digital solutions , including internet , mobile and ebanking . our comprehensive suite of retail delivery applications enables financial institutions to integrate and streamline customer-facing operations and back-office processes , thereby improving customer interaction across all channels ( e.g. , branch offices , internet , atm , mobile , call centers ) . fis' focus on consumer access has driven significant market innovation in this area , with multi-channel and multi-host solutions and a strategy that provides tight integration of services and a seamless customer experience . fis is a leader in mobile banking solutions and electronic banking enabling clients to manage banking and payments through the internet , mobile devices , accounting software and telephone . our corporate electronic banking solutions provide commercial treasury capabilities including cash management services and multi-bank collection and disbursement services that address the specialized needs of corporate clients . fis systems provide full accounting and reconciliation for such transactions , serving also as the system of record . 2022 fraud , risk management and compliance solutions.ff our decision solutions offer a spectrum of options that cover the account lifecycle from helping to identify qualified account applicants to managing existing customer accounts and fraud . our applications include know-your-customer , new account decisioning and opening , account and transaction management , fraud management and collections . our risk management services use our proprietary risk management models and data sources to assist in detecting fraud and assessing the risk of opening a new account . our systems use a combination of advanced authentication procedures , predictive analytics , artificial intelligence modeling and proprietary and shared databases to assess and detect fraud risk for deposit transactions for financial institutions . we also provide outsourced risk management and compliance solutions that are configt urable to a client's regulatory and risk management requirements.
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contingent consideration of up to $ 13.8 million . the contingent consideration arrangement requires additional cash payments to the former equity holders of lyric upon the achievement of certain technological and product development milestones payable during the period from june 2011 through june 2016 . the company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement utilizing the income approach . changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date primarily driven by assumptions pertaining to the achievement of the defined milestones will be recognized in operating income in the period of the estimated fair value change . as of october 29 , 2011 , no contingent payments have been made and the fair value of the contingent consideration was approximately $ 14.0 million . the company allocated the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition , resulting in the recognition of $ 12.2 million of ipr&d , $ 18.9 million of goodwill and $ 3.3 million of net deferred tax liabilities . the goodwill recognized is attributable to future technologies that have yet to be determined as well as the assembled workforce of lyric . future technologies do not meet the criteria for recognition separately from goodwill because they are a part of future development and growth of the business . none of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes . in addition , the company will be obligated to pay royalties to the former equity holders of lyric on revenue recognized from the sale of lyric products and licenses through the earlier of 20 years or the accrual of a maximum of $ 25 million . royalty payments to lyric employees require post-acquisition services to be rendered and , as such , the company will record these amounts as compensation expense in the related periods . as of october 29 , 2011 , no royalty payments have been made . the company recognized $ 0.2 million of acquisition-related costs that were expensed in the third quarter of fiscal 2011 . these costs are included in operating expenses in the consolidated statement of income . the company has not provided pro forma results of operations for integrant , audioasics and lyric herein as they were not material to the company on either an individual or an aggregate basis . the company included the results of operations of each acquisition in its consolidated statement of income from the date of such acquisition . 7 . deferred compensation plan investments investments in the analog devices , inc . deferred compensation plan ( the deferred compensation plan ) are classified as trading . the components of the investments as of october 29 , 2011 and october 30 , 2010 were as follows: . | 2011 | 2010 -------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------ money market funds | $ 17187 | $ 1840 mutual funds | 9223 | 6850 total deferred compensation plan investments | $ 26410 | $ 8690 the fair values of these investments are based on published market quotes on october 29 , 2011 and october 30 , 2010 , respectively . adjustments to the fair value of , and income pertaining to , deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in operating expenses . gross realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading securities were not material in fiscal 2011 , 2010 or 2009 . the company has recorded a corresponding liability for amounts owed to the deferred compensation plan participants ( see note 10 ) . these investments are specifically designated as available to the company solely for the purpose of paying benefits under the deferred compensation plan . however , in the event the company became insolvent , the investments would be available to all unsecured general creditors . 8 . other investments other investments consist of equity securities and other long-term investments . investments are stated at fair value , which is based on market quotes or on a cost-basis , dependent on the nature of the investment , as appropriate . adjustments to the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale are recorded as an increase or decrease analog devices , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued )
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note 8 2013 debt our long-term debt consisted of the following ( in millions ) : . | 2012 | 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ notes with rates from 2.13% ( 2.13 % ) to 6.15% ( 6.15 % ) due 2016 to 2042 | $ 5642 | $ 5308 notes with rates from 7.00% ( 7.00 % ) to 7.75% ( 7.75 % ) due 2013 to 2036 | 1080 | 1239 other debt | 478 | 19 total long-term debt | 7200 | 6966 less : unamortized discounts | -892 ( 892 ) | -506 ( 506 ) total long-term debt net of unamortized discounts | 6308 | 6460 less : current maturities of long-term debt | -150 ( 150 ) | 2014 total long-term debt net | $ 6158 | $ 6460 in december 2012 , we issued notes totaling $ 1.3 billion with a fixed interest rate of 4.07% ( 4.07 % ) maturing in december 2042 ( the new notes ) in exchange for outstanding notes totaling $ 1.2 billion with interest rates ranging from 5.50% ( 5.50 % ) to 8.50% ( 8.50 % ) maturing in 2023 to 2040 ( the old notes ) . in connection with the exchange , we paid a premium of $ 393 million , of which $ 225 million was paid in cash and $ 168 million was in the form of new notes . this premium , in addition to $ 194 million in remaining unamortized discounts related to the old notes , will be amortized as additional interest expense over the term of the new notes using the effective interest method . we may , at our option , redeem some or all of the new notes at any time by paying the principal amount of notes being redeemed plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest . interest on the new notes is payable on june 15 and december 15 of each year , beginning on june 15 , 2013 . the new notes are unsecured senior obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness . on september 9 , 2011 , we issued $ 2.0 billion of long-term notes in a registered public offering consisting of $ 500 million maturing in 2016 with a fixed interest rate of 2.13% ( 2.13 % ) , $ 900 million maturing in 2021 with a fixed interest rate of 3.35% ( 3.35 % ) , and $ 600 million maturing in 2041 with a fixed interest rate of 4.85% ( 4.85 % ) . we may , at our option , redeem some or all of the notes at any time by paying the principal amount of notes being redeemed plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest . interest on the notes is payable on march 15 and september 15 of each year , beginning on march 15 , 2012 . in october 2011 , we used a portion of the proceeds to redeem all of our $ 500 million long-term notes maturing in 2013 . in 2011 , we repurchased $ 84 million of our long-term notes through open-market purchases . we paid premiums of $ 48 million in connection with the early extinguishments of debt , which were recognized in other non-operating income ( expense ) , net . in august 2011 , we entered into a $ 1.5 billion revolving credit facility with a group of banks and terminated our existing $ 1.5 billion revolving credit facility that was to expire in june 2012 . the credit facility expires august 2016 , and we may request and the banks may grant , at their discretion , an increase to the credit facility by an additional amount up to $ 500 million . there were no borrowings outstanding under either facility through december 31 , 2012 . borrowings under the credit facility would be unsecured and bear interest at rates based , at our option , on a eurodollar rate or a base rate , as defined in the credit facility . each bank 2019s obligation to make loans under the credit facility is subject to , among other things , our compliance with various representations , warranties and covenants , including covenants limiting our ability and certain of our subsidiaries 2019 ability to encumber assets and a covenant not to exceed a maximum leverage ratio , as defined in the credit facility . the leverage ratio covenant excludes the adjustments recognized in stockholders 2019 equity related to postretirement benefit plans . as of december 31 , 2012 , we were in compliance with all covenants contained in the credit facility , as well as in our debt agreements . we have agreements in place with banking institutions to provide for the issuance of commercial paper . there were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding during 2012 or 2011 . if we were to issue commercial paper , the borrowings would be supported by the credit facility . during the next five years , we have scheduled long-term debt maturities of $ 150 million due in 2013 and $ 952 million due in 2016 . interest payments were $ 378 million in 2012 , $ 326 million in 2011 , and $ 337 million in 2010.
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repurchase of equity securities the following table provides information regarding our purchases of our equity securities during the period from october 1 , 2012 to december 31 , 2012 . total number of shares ( or units ) purchased 1 average price paid per share ( or unit ) 2 total number of shares ( or units ) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs 3 maximum number ( or approximate dollar value ) of shares ( or units ) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs 3 . | total number ofshares ( or units ) purchased1 | average price paidper share ( or unit ) 2 | total number ofshares ( or units ) purchased as part ofpublicly announcedplans or programs3 | maximum number ( or approximate dollar value ) of shares ( or units ) that mayyet be purchased under theplans or programs3 --------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- october 1 - 31 | 13566 | $ 10.26 | 0 | $ 148858924 november 1 - 30 | 5345171 | $ 9.98 | 5343752 | $ 195551133 december 1 - 31 | 8797959 | $ 10.87 | 8790000 | $ 99989339 total | 14156696 | $ 10.53 | 14133752 | 1 includes shares of our common stock , par value $ 0.10 per share , withheld under the terms of grants under employee stock-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that occurred upon vesting and release of restricted shares ( the 201cwithheld shares 201d ) . we repurchased 13566 withheld shares in october 2012 , 1419 withheld shares in november 2012 and 7959 withheld shares in december 2012 , for a total of 22944 withheld shares during the three-month period . 2 the average price per share for each of the months in the fiscal quarter and for the three-month period was calculated by dividing the sum of the applicable period of the aggregate value of the tax withholding obligations and the aggregate amount we paid for shares acquired under our stock repurchase program , described in note 5 to the consolidated financial statements , by the sum of the number of withheld shares and the number of shares acquired in our stock repurchase program . 3 on february 24 , 2012 , we announced in a press release that our board had approved a share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $ 300.0 million of our common stock ( the 201c2012 share repurchase program 201d ) , in addition to amounts available on existing authorizations . on november 20 , 2012 , we announced in a press release that our board had authorized an increase in our 2012 share repurchase program to $ 400.0 million of our common stock . on february 22 , 2013 , we announced that our board had approved a new share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $ 300.0 million of our common stock . the new authorization is in addition to any amounts remaining available for repurchase under the 2012 share repurchase program . there is no expiration date associated with the share repurchase programs.
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2022 net revenues in our connected fitness operating segment increased $ 34.2 million to $ 53.4 million in 2015 from $ 19.2 million in 2014 primarily due to revenues generated from our two connected fitness acquisitions in 2015 and growth in our existing connected fitness business . operating income ( loss ) by segment is summarized below: . ( in thousands ) | year ended december 31 , 2015 | year ended december 31 , 2014 | year ended december 31 , $ change | year ended december 31 , % ( % ) change ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- north america | $ 460961 | $ 372347 | $ 88614 | 23.8% ( 23.8 % ) emea | 3122 | -11763 ( 11763 ) | 14885 | 126.5 asia-pacific | 36358 | 21858 | 14500 | 66.3 latin america | -30593 ( 30593 ) | -15423 ( 15423 ) | -15170 ( 15170 ) | -98.4 ( 98.4 ) connected fitness | -61301 ( 61301 ) | -13064 ( 13064 ) | -48237 ( 48237 ) | -369.2 ( 369.2 ) total operating income | $ 408547 | $ 353955 | $ 54592 | 15.4% ( 15.4 % ) the increase in total operating income was driven by the following : 2022 operating income in our north america operating segment increased $ 88.6 million to $ 461.0 million in 2015 from $ 372.4 million in 2014 primarily due to the items discussed above in the consolidated results of operations . 2022 operating income in our emea operating segment increased $ 14.9 million to $ 3.1 million in 2015 from a loss of $ 11.8 million in 2014 primarily due to sales growth discussed above in the consolidated results of operations . 2022 operating income in our asia-pacific operating segment increased $ 14.5 million to $ 36.4 million in 2015 from $ 21.9 million in 2014 primarily due to sales growth discussed above in the consolidated results of operations . 2022 operating loss in our latin america operating segment increased $ 15.2 million to $ 30.6 million in 2015 from $ 15.4 million in 2014 primarily due to increased investments to support growth in the region and the economic challenges in brazil during the period . this increase in operating loss was offset by sales growth discussed above . 2022 operating loss in our connected fitness segment increased $ 48.2 million to $ 61.3 million in 2015 from $ 13.1 million in 2014 primarily due to investments to support growth in our connected fitness business , including the impact of our two connected fitness acquisitions in 2015 . these acquisitions contributed $ 23.6 million to the operating loss for the connected fitness segment in 2015 . seasonality historically , we have recognized a majority of our net revenues and a significant portion of our income from operations in the last two quarters of the year , driven primarily by increased sales volume of our products during the fall selling season , including our higher priced cold weather products , along with a larger proportion of higher margin direct to consumer sales . seasonality could have an impact on the timing of accruals if the sales in the last two quarters of the year do not materialize . the level of our working capital generally reflects the seasonality and growth in our business . we generally expect inventory , accounts payable and certain accrued expenses to be higher in the second and third quarters in preparation for the fall selling season.
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shareholder value award program svas are granted to officers and management and are payable in shares of our common stock . the number of shares actually issued , if any , varies depending on our stock price at the end of the three-year vesting period compared to pre-established target stock prices . we measure the fair value of the sva unit on the grant date using a monte carlo simulation model . the model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award . expected volatilities utilized in the model are based on implied volatilities from traded options on our stock , historical volatility of our stock price , and other factors . similarly , the dividend yield is based on historical experience and our estimate of future dividend yields . the risk-free interest rate is derived from the u.s . treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant . the weighted-average fair values of the sva units granted during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 were $ 48.51 , $ 66.25 , and $ 48.68 , respectively , determined using the following assumptions: . ( percents ) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 ----------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- expected dividend yield | 2.50% ( 2.50 % ) | 2.50% ( 2.50 % ) | 2.00% ( 2.00 % ) risk-free interest rate | 2.31 | 1.38 | 0.92 volatility | 22.26 | 22.91 | 21.68 pursuant to this program , approximately 0.7 million shares , 1.1 million shares , and 1.0 million shares were issued during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively . approximately 1.0 million shares are expected to be issued in 2019 . as of december 31 , 2018 , the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested svas was $ 55.7 million , which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 20 months . restricted stock units rsus are granted to certain employees and are payable in shares of our common stock . rsu shares are accounted for at fair value based upon the closing stock price on the date of grant . the corresponding expense is amortized over the vesting period , typically three years . the fair values of rsu awards granted during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 were $ 70.95 , $ 72.47 , and $ 71.46 , respectively . the number of shares ultimately issued for the rsu program remains constant with the exception of forfeitures . pursuant to this program , 1.3 million , 1.4 million , and 1.3 million shares were granted and approximately 1.0 million , 0.9 million , and 0.6 million shares were issued during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively . approximately 0.8 million shares are expected to be issued in 2019 . as of december 31 , 2018 , the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested rsus was $ 112.2 million , which will be amortized over the weighted- average remaining requisite service period of 21 months . note 12 : shareholders' equity during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , we repurchased $ 4.15 billion , $ 359.8 million and $ 540.1 million , respectively , of shares associated with our share repurchase programs . a payment of $ 60.0 million was made in 2016 for shares repurchased in 2017 . during 2018 , we repurchased $ 2.05 billion of shares , which completed the $ 5.00 billion share repurchase program announced in october 2013 and our board authorized an $ 8.00 billion share repurchase program . there were $ 2.10 billion repurchased under the $ 8.00 billion program in 2018 . as of december 31 , 2018 , there were $ 5.90 billion of shares remaining under the 2018 program . we have 5.0 million authorized shares of preferred stock . as of december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , no preferred stock was issued . we have an employee benefit trust that held 50.0 million shares of our common stock at both december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , to provide a source of funds to assist us in meeting our obligations under various employee benefit plans . the cost basis of the shares held in the trust was $ 3.01 billion at both december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , and is shown as a reduction of shareholders 2019 equity . any dividend transactions between us and the trust are eliminated . stock held by the trust is not considered outstanding in the computation of eps . the assets of the trust were not used to fund any of our obligations under these employee benefit plans during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and
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jpmorgan chase & co./2014 annual report 63 five-year stock performance the following table and graph compare the five-year cumulative total return for jpmorgan chase & co . ( 201cjpmorgan chase 201d or the 201cfirm 201d ) common stock with the cumulative return of the s&p 500 index , the kbw bank index and the s&p financial index . the s&p 500 index is a commonly referenced u.s . equity benchmark consisting of leading companies from different economic sectors . the kbw bank index seeks to reflect the performance of banks and thrifts that are publicly traded in the u.s . and is composed of 24 leading national money center and regional banks and thrifts . the s&p financial index is an index of 85 financial companies , all of which are components of the s&p 500 . the firm is a component of all three industry indices . the following table and graph assume simultaneous investments of $ 100 on december 31 , 2009 , in jpmorgan chase common stock and in each of the above indices . the comparison assumes that all dividends are reinvested . december 31 , ( in dollars ) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 . december 31 ( in dollars ) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 -------------------------- | -------- | -------- | ------- | -------- | -------- | -------- jpmorgan chase | $ 100.00 | $ 102.30 | $ 81.87 | $ 111.49 | $ 152.42 | $ 167.48 kbw bank index | 100.00 | 123.36 | 94.75 | 125.91 | 173.45 | 189.69 s&p financial index | 100.00 | 112.13 | 93.00 | 119.73 | 162.34 | 186.98 s&p 500 index | 100.00 | 115.06 | 117.48 | 136.27 | 180.39 | 205.07
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business subsequent to the acquisition . the liabilities for these payments are classified as level 3 liabilities because the related fair value measurement , which is determined using an income approach , includes significant inputs not observable in the market . financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value our debt is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at cost . based on market conditions as of december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , the fair value of our credit agreement borrowings reasonably approximated the carrying values of $ 1.7 billion and $ 2.0 billion , respectively . in addition , based on market conditions , the fair values of the outstanding borrowings under the receivables facility reasonably approximated the carrying values of $ 110 million and $ 100 million at december 31 , 2018 and december 31 , 2017 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2018 and december 31 , 2017 , the fair values of the u.s . notes ( 2023 ) were approximately $ 574 million and $ 615 million , respectively , compared to a carrying value of $ 600 million at each date . as of december 31 , 2018 and december 31 , 2017 , the fair values of the euro notes ( 2024 ) were approximately $ 586 million and $ 658 million compared to carrying values of $ 573 million and $ 600 million , respectively . as of december 31 , 2018 , the fair value of the euro notes ( 2026/28 ) approximated the carrying value of $ 1.1 billion . the fair value measurements of the borrowings under our credit agreement and receivables facility are classified as level 2 within the fair value hierarchy since they are determined based upon significant inputs observable in the market , including interest rates on recent financing transactions with similar terms and maturities . we estimated the fair value by calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require at december 31 , 2018 to assume these obligations . the fair value of our u.s . notes ( 2023 ) is classified as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy since it is determined based upon observable market inputs including quoted market prices in an active market . the fair values of our euro notes ( 2024 ) and euro notes ( 2026/28 ) are determined based upon observable market inputs including quoted market prices in markets that are not active , and therefore are classified as level 2 within the fair value hierarchy . note 13 . commitments and contingencies operating leases we are obligated under noncancelable operating leases for corporate office space , warehouse and distribution facilities , trucks and certain equipment . the future minimum lease commitments under these leases at december 31 , 2018 are as follows ( in thousands ) : years ending december 31: . 2019 | $ 294269 ----------------------------- | --------- 2020 | 256172 2021 | 210632 2022 | 158763 2023 | 131518 thereafter | 777165 future minimum lease payments | $ 1828519 rental expense for operating leases was approximately $ 300 million , $ 247 million , and $ 212 million during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . we guarantee the residual values of the majority of our truck and equipment operating leases . the residual values decline over the lease terms to a defined percentage of original cost . in the event the lessor does not realize the residual value when a piece of equipment is sold , we would be responsible for a portion of the shortfall . similarly , if the lessor realizes more than the residual value when a piece of equipment is sold , we would be paid the amount realized over the residual value . had we terminated all of our operating leases subject to these guarantees at december 31 , 2018 , our portion of the guaranteed residual value would have totaled approximately $ 76 million . we have not recorded a liability for the guaranteed residual value of equipment under operating leases as the recovery on disposition of the equipment under the leases is expected to approximate the guaranteed residual value . litigation and related contingencies we have certain contingencies resulting from litigation , claims and other commitments and are subject to a variety of environmental and pollution control laws and regulations incident to the ordinary course of business . we currently expect that the resolution of such contingencies will not materially affect our financial position , results of operations or cash flows.
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consolidated income statement review our consolidated income statement is presented in item 8 of this report . net income for 2008 was $ 882 million and for 2007 was $ 1.467 billion . total revenue for 2008 increased 7% ( 7 % ) compared with 2007 . we created positive operating leverage in the year-to-date comparison as total noninterest expense increased 3% ( 3 % ) in the comparison . net interest income and net interest margin year ended december 31 dollars in millions 2008 2007 . year ended december 31 dollars in millions | 2008 | 2007 ------------------------------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------- net interest income | $ 3823 | $ 2915 net interest margin | 3.37% ( 3.37 % ) | 3.00% ( 3.00 % ) changes in net interest income and margin result from the interaction of the volume and composition of interest-earning assets and related yields , interest-bearing liabilities and related rates paid , and noninterest-bearing sources of funding . see statistical information 2013 analysis of year-to-year changes in net interest ( unaudited ) income and average consolidated balance sheet and net interest analysis in item 8 of this report for additional information . the 31% ( 31 % ) increase in net interest income for 2008 compared with 2007 was favorably impacted by the $ 16.5 billion , or 17% ( 17 % ) , increase in average interest-earning assets and a decrease in funding costs . the 2008 net interest margin was positively affected by declining rates paid on deposits and borrowings compared with the prior year . the reasons driving the higher interest-earning assets in these comparisons are further discussed in the balance sheet highlights portion of the executive summary section of this item 7 . the net interest margin was 3.37% ( 3.37 % ) for 2008 and 3.00% ( 3.00 % ) for 2007 . the following factors impacted the comparison : 2022 a decrease in the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities of 140 basis points . the rate paid on interest-bearing deposits , the single largest component , decreased 123 basis points . 2022 these factors were partially offset by a 77 basis point decrease in the yield on interest-earning assets . the yield on loans , the single largest component , decreased 109 basis points . 2022 in addition , the impact of noninterest-bearing sources of funding decreased 26 basis points due to lower interest rates and a lower proportion of noninterest- bearing sources of funding to interest-earning assets . for comparing to the broader market , during 2008 the average federal funds rate was 1.94% ( 1.94 % ) compared with 5.03% ( 5.03 % ) for 2007 . we expect our full-year 2009 net interest income to benefit from the impact of interest accretion of discounts resulting from purchase accounting marks and deposit pricing alignment related to our national city acquisition . we also currently expect our 2009 net interest margin to improve on a year-over-year basis . noninterest income summary noninterest income was $ 3.367 billion for 2008 and $ 3.790 billion for 2007 . noninterest income for 2008 included the following : 2022 gains of $ 246 million related to the mark-to-market adjustment on our blackrock ltip shares obligation , 2022 losses related to our commercial mortgage loans held for sale of $ 197 million , net of hedges , 2022 impairment and other losses related to alternative investments of $ 179 million , 2022 income from hilliard lyons totaling $ 164 million , including the first quarter gain of $ 114 million from the sale of this business , 2022 net securities losses of $ 206 million , 2022 a first quarter gain of $ 95 million related to the redemption of a portion of our visa class b common shares related to visa 2019s march 2008 initial public offering , 2022 a third quarter $ 61 million reversal of a legal contingency reserve established in connection with an acquisition due to a settlement , 2022 trading losses of $ 55 million , 2022 a $ 35 million impairment charge on commercial mortgage servicing rights , and 2022 equity management losses of $ 24 million . noninterest income for 2007 included the following : 2022 the impact of $ 82 million gain recognized in connection with our transfer of blackrock shares to satisfy a portion of pnc 2019s ltip obligation and a $ 209 million net loss on our ltip shares obligation , 2022 income from hilliard lyons totaling $ 227 million , 2022 trading income of $ 104 million , 2022 equity management gains of $ 102 million , and 2022 gains related to our commercial mortgage loans held for sale of $ 3 million , net of hedges . apart from the impact of these items , noninterest income increased $ 16 million in 2008 compared with 2007 . additional analysis fund servicing fees increased $ 69 million in 2008 , to $ 904 million , compared with $ 835 million in 2007 . the impact of the december 2007 acquisition of albridge solutions inc . ( 201calbridge solutions 201d ) and growth in global investment servicing 2019s offshore operations were the primary drivers of this increase . global investment servicing provided fund accounting/ administration services for $ 839 billion of net fund investment assets and provided custody services for $ 379 billion of fund
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note 4 : property , plant and equipment the following table summarizes the major classes of property , plant and equipment by category as of december 31 : 2015 2014 range of remaining useful weighted average useful life utility plant : land and other non-depreciable assets . . . . . . . . . . $ 141 $ 137 sources of supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 681 12 to 127 years 51 years treatment and pumping facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3070 2969 3 to 101 years 39 years transmission and distribution facilities . . . . . . . . . 8516 7963 9 to 156 years 83 years services , meters and fire hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3250 3062 8 to 93 years 35 years general structures and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227 1096 1 to 154 years 39 years waste treatment , pumping and disposal . . . . . . . . . 313 281 2 to 115 years 46 years waste collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 399 5 to 109 years 56 years construction work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 303 total utility plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18099 16891 nonutility property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 378 3 to 50 years 6 years total property , plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18504 $ 17269 property , plant and equipment depreciation expense amounted to $ 405 , $ 392 , and $ 374 for the years ended december 31 , 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively and was included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations . the provision for depreciation expressed as a percentage of the aggregate average depreciable asset balances was 3.13% ( 3.13 % ) for the year ended december 31 , 2015 and 3.20% ( 3.20 % ) for years december 31 , 2014 and 2013 . note 5 : allowance for uncollectible accounts the following table summarizes the changes in the company 2019s allowances for uncollectible accounts for the years ended december 31: . | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 --------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------------ balance as of january 1 | $ -35 ( 35 ) | $ -34 ( 34 ) | $ -27 ( 27 ) amounts charged to expense | -32 ( 32 ) | -37 ( 37 ) | -27 ( 27 ) amounts written off | 38 | 43 | 24 recoveries of amounts written off | -10 ( 10 ) | -7 ( 7 ) | -4 ( 4 ) balance as of december 31 | $ -39 ( 39 ) | $ -35 ( 35 ) | $ -34 ( 34 )
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nonoperating income ( expense ) . blackrock also uses operating margin , as adjusted , to monitor corporate performance and efficiency and as a benchmark to compare its performance with other companies . management uses both gaap and non-gaap financial measures in evaluating blackrock 2019s financial performance . the non-gaap measure by itself may pose limitations because it does not include all of blackrock 2019s revenues and expenses . operating income used for measuring operating margin , as adjusted , is equal to operating income , as adjusted , excluding the impact of closed-end fund launch costs and related commissions . management believes the exclusion of such costs and related commissions is useful because these costs can fluctuate considerably and revenues associated with the expenditure of these costs will not fully impact blackrock 2019s results until future periods . revenue used for operating margin , as adjusted , excludes distribution and servicing costs paid to related parties and other third parties . management believes the exclusion of such costs is useful because it creates consistency in the treatment for certain contracts for similar services , which due to the terms of the contracts , are accounted for under gaap on a net basis within investment advisory , administration fees and securities lending revenue . amortization of deferred sales commissions is excluded from revenue used for operating margin measurement , as adjusted , because such costs , over time , substantially offset distribution fee revenue the company earns . for each of these items , blackrock excludes from revenue used for operating margin , as adjusted , the costs related to each of these items as a proxy for such offsetting revenues . ( b ) nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to noncontrolling interests , as adjusted , is presented below . the compensation expense offset is recorded in operating income . this compensation expense has been included in nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci , as adjusted , to offset returns on investments set aside for these plans , which are reported in nonoperating income ( expense ) , gaap basis . management believes nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci , as adjusted , provides comparability of information among reporting periods and is an effective measure for reviewing blackrock 2019s nonoperating contribution to results . as compensation expense associated with ( appreciation ) depreciation on investments related to certain deferred compensation plans , which is included in operating income , substantially offsets the gain ( loss ) on the investments set aside for these plans , management believes nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci , as adjusted , provides a useful measure , for both management and investors , of blackrock 2019s nonoperating results that impact book value . during 2013 , the noncash , nonoperating pre-tax gain of $ 80 million related to the contributed pennymac investment has been excluded from nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci , as adjusted due to its nonrecurring nature and because the more than offsetting associated charitable contribution expense of $ 124 million is reported in operating income . ( in millions ) 2013 2012 2011 nonoperating income ( expense ) , gaap basis $ 116 $ ( 54 ) $ ( 114 ) less : net income ( loss ) attributable to nci 19 ( 18 ) 2 . ( in millions ) | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------------ | -------------- nonoperating income ( expense ) gaap basis | $ 116 | $ -54 ( 54 ) | $ -114 ( 114 ) less : net income ( loss ) attributable to nci | 19 | -18 ( 18 ) | 2 nonoperating income ( expense ) | 97 | -36 ( 36 ) | -116 ( 116 ) gain related to charitable contribution | -80 ( 80 ) | 2014 | 2014 compensation expense related to ( appreciation ) depreciation on deferred compensation plans | -10 ( 10 ) | -6 ( 6 ) | 3 nonoperating income ( expense ) less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci as adjusted | $ 7 | $ -42 ( 42 ) | $ -113 ( 113 ) gain related to charitable contribution ( 80 ) 2014 2014 compensation expense related to ( appreciation ) depreciation on deferred compensation plans ( 10 ) ( 6 ) 3 nonoperating income ( expense ) , less net income ( loss ) attributable to nci , as adjusted $ 7 $ ( 42 ) $ ( 113 ) ( c ) net income attributable to blackrock , as adjusted : management believes net income attributable to blackrock , inc. , as adjusted , and diluted earnings per common share , as adjusted , are useful measures of blackrock 2019s profitability and financial performance . net income attributable to blackrock , inc. , as adjusted , equals net income attributable to blackrock , inc. , gaap basis , adjusted for significant nonrecurring items , charges that ultimately will not impact blackrock 2019s book value or certain tax items that do not impact cash flow . see note ( a ) operating income , as adjusted , and operating margin , as adjusted , for information on the pnc ltip funding obligation , merrill lynch compensation contribution , charitable contribution , u.k . lease exit costs , contribution to stifs and restructuring charges . the 2013 results included a tax benefit of approximately $ 48 million recognized in connection with the charitable contribution . the tax benefit has been excluded from net income attributable to blackrock , inc. , as adjusted due to the nonrecurring nature of the charitable contribution . during 2013 , income tax changes included adjustments related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities , including the effect of legislation enacted in the united kingdom and domestic state and local income tax changes . during 2012 , income tax changes included adjustments related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities , including the effect of legislation enacted in the united kingdom and the state and local income tax effect resulting from changes in the company 2019s organizational structure . during 2011 , income tax changes included adjustments related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities due to a state tax election and enacted u.k. , japan , u.s . state and local tax legislation . the resulting decrease in income taxes has been excluded from net income attributable to blackrock , inc. , as adjusted , as these items will not have a cash flow impact and to ensure comparability among periods presented.
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table of contents celanese purchases of its equity securities information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended december 31 , 2017 is as follows : period number of shares purchased ( 1 ) average price paid per share total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program approximate dollar value of shares remaining that may be purchased under the program ( 2 ) . period | totalnumberof sharespurchased ( 1 ) | averageprice paidper share | total numberof sharespurchased aspart of publiclyannounced program | approximatedollarvalue of sharesremaining thatmay bepurchased underthe program ( 2 ) -------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ october 1 - 31 2017 | 10676 | $ 104.10 | 2014 | $ 1531000000 november 1 - 30 2017 | 924 | $ 104.02 | 2014 | $ 1531000000 december 1 - 31 2017 | 38605 | $ 106.36 | 2014 | $ 1531000000 total | 50205 | | 2014 | ___________________________ ( 1 ) represents shares withheld from employees to cover their statutory minimum withholding requirements for personal income taxes related to the vesting of restricted stock units . ( 2 ) our board of directors has authorized the aggregate repurchase of $ 3.9 billion of our common stock since february 2008 , including an increase of $ 1.5 billion on july 17 , 2017 . see note 17 - stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
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in asset positions , which totaled $ 41.2 million at june 30 , 2009 . to manage this risk , we have established strict counterparty credit guidelines that are continually monitored and reported to management . accordingly , management believes risk of loss under these hedging contracts is remote . certain of our derivative fi nancial instruments contain credit-risk-related contingent features . as of june 30 , 2009 , we were in compliance with such features and there were no derivative financial instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position . the est{e lauder companies inc . 111 market risk we use a value-at-risk model to assess the market risk of our derivative fi nancial instruments . value-at-risk rep resents the potential losses for an instrument or portfolio from adverse changes in market factors for a specifi ed time period and confi dence level . we estimate value- at-risk across all of our derivative fi nancial instruments using a model with historical volatilities and correlations calculated over the past 250-day period . the high , low and average measured value-at-risk for the twelve months ended june 30 , 2009 and 2008 related to our foreign exchange and interest rate contracts are as follows: . ( in millions ) | june 30 2009 high | june 30 2009 low | june 30 2009 average | june 30 2009 high | june 30 2009 low | average -------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------- | ------- foreign exchange contracts | $ 28.4 | $ 14.2 | $ 21.6 | $ 18.8 | $ 5.3 | $ 11.3 interest rate contracts | 34.3 | 23.0 | 29.5 | 28.8 | 12.6 | 20.0 the change in the value-at-risk measures from the prior year related to our foreign exchange contracts refl ected an increase in foreign exchange volatilities and a different portfolio mix . the change in the value-at-risk measures from the prior year related to our interest rate contracts refl ected higher interest rate volatilities . the model esti- mates were made assuming normal market conditions and a 95 percent confi dence level . we used a statistical simulation model that valued our derivative fi nancial instruments against one thousand randomly generated market price paths . our calculated value-at-risk exposure represents an esti mate of reasonably possible net losses that would be recognized on our portfolio of derivative fi nancial instru- ments assuming hypothetical movements in future market rates and is not necessarily indicative of actual results , which may or may not occur . it does not represent the maximum possible loss or any expected loss that may occur , since actual future gains and losses will differ from those estimated , based upon actual fl uctuations in market rates , operating exposures , and the timing thereof , and changes in our portfolio of derivative fi nancial instruments during the year . we believe , however , that any such loss incurred would be offset by the effects of market rate movements on the respective underlying transactions for which the deriva- tive fi nancial instrument was intended . off-balance sheet arrangements we do not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements , transactions , obligations or other relationships with unconsolidated entities that would be expected to have a material current or future effect upon our fi nancial condi- tion or results of operations . recently adopted accounting standards in may 2009 , the financial accounting standards board ( 201cfasb 201d ) issued statement of financial accounting standards ( 201csfas 201d ) no . 165 , 201csubsequent events 201d ( 201csfas no . 165 201d ) . sfas no . 165 requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure in the fi nan- cial statements and whether that date represents the date the fi nancial statements were issued or were available to be issued . this standard also provides clarifi cation about circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its fi nancial statements and the disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date . this standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning with our fi scal year ended june 30 , 2009 . the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consoli- dated fi nancial statements . in march 2008 , the fasb issued sfas no . 161 , 201cdisclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities 2014 an amendment of fasb statement no . 133 201d ( 201csfas no . 161 201d ) . sfas no . 161 requires companies to provide qualitative disclosures about their objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments , quantitative disclosures of the fair values of , and gains and losses on , these derivative instruments in a tabular format , as well as more information about liquidity by requiring disclosure of a derivative contract 2019s credit-risk-related contingent
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simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes and reduce complexity without decreasing the usefulness of information provided to users of financial statements . the adoption of this pronouncement did not have a significant impact on the company 2019s financial position , results of operations and cash flows . 3 . acquisitions endomondo on january 5 , 2015 , the company acquired 100% ( 100 % ) of the outstanding equity of endomondo , a denmark- based digital connected fitness company , to expand the under armour connected fitness community . the purchase price was $ 85.0 million , adjusted for working capital . the company recognized $ 0.6 million and $ 0.8 million in acquisition related costs that were expensed during the three months ended march 31 , 2015 and december 31 , 2014 , respectively . these costs are included in the consolidated statements of income in the line item entitled 201cselling , general and administrative expenses . 201d pro forma results are not presented , as the acquisition was not considered material to the consolidated company . myfitnesspal on march 17 , 2015 , the company acquired 100% ( 100 % ) of the outstanding equity of mfp , a digital nutrition and connected fitness company , to expand the under armour connected fitness community . the final adjusted transaction value totaled $ 474.0 million . the total consideration of $ 463.9 million was adjusted to reflect the accelerated vesting of certain share awards of mfp , which are not conditioned upon continued employment , and transaction costs borne by the selling shareholders . the acquisition was funded with $ 400.0 million of increased term loan borrowings and a draw on the revolving credit facility , with the remaining amount funded by cash on the company recognized $ 5.7 million of acquisition related costs that were expensed during the three months ended march 31 , 2015 . these costs are included in the consolidated statement of income in the line item entitled 201cselling , general and administrative expenses . 201d the following represents the pro forma consolidated income statement as if mfp had been included in the consolidated results of the company for the year ended december 31 , 2015 and december 31 , 2014: . ( in thousands ) | year ended december 31 , 2015 | year ended december 31 , 2014 ---------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------------------- net revenues | $ 3967008 | $ 3098341 net income | 231277 | 189659 these amounts have been calculated after applying the company 2019s accounting policies and adjusting the results of mfp to reflect the acquisition as if it closed on january 1 , 2014 . pro forma net income for the year ended december 31 , 2014 includes $ 5.7 million in transaction expenses which were included in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended december 31 , 2015 , but excluded from the calculation of pro forma net income for december 31 , 2015.
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borrowings reflect net proceeds received from the issuance of senior notes in june 2015 . see liquidity and capital resources below for additional information . in november 2015 , we repaid our $ 1 billion 0.90% ( 0.90 % ) senior notes upon maturity . in october 2015 , we announced an adjustment to our quarterly dividend . see capital requirements below for additional information . additions to property , plant and equipment are our most significant use of cash and cash equivalents . the following table shows capital expenditures related to continuing operations by segment and reconciles to additions to property , plant and equipment as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows for 2015 , 2014 and 2013: . ( in millions ) | year ended december 31 , 2015 | year ended december 31 , 2014 | year ended december 31 , 2013 ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------------------- north america e&p | $ 2553 | $ 4698 | $ 3649 international e&p | 368 | 534 | 456 oil sands mining ( a ) | -10 ( 10 ) | 212 | 286 corporate | 25 | 51 | 58 total capital expenditures | 2936 | 5495 | 4449 change in capital expenditure accrual | 540 | -335 ( 335 ) | -6 ( 6 ) additions to property plant and equipment | $ 3476 | $ 5160 | $ 4443 ( a ) reflects reimbursements earned from the governments of canada and alberta related to funds previously expended for quest ccs capital equipment . quest ccs was successfully completed and commissioned in the fourth quarter of 2015 . during 2014 , we acquired 29 million shares at a cost of $ 1 billion and in 2013 acquired 14 million shares at a cost of $ 500 million . there were no share repurchases in 2015 . see item 8 . financial statements and supplementary data 2013 note 23 to the consolidated financial statements for discussion of purchases of common stock . liquidity and capital resources on june 10 , 2015 , we issued $ 2 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes which consist of the following series : 2022 $ 600 million of 2.70% ( 2.70 % ) senior notes due june 1 , 2020 2022 $ 900 million of 3.85% ( 3.85 % ) senior notes due june 1 , 2025 2022 $ 500 million of 5.20% ( 5.20 % ) senior notes due june 1 , 2045 interest on each series of senior notes is payable semi-annually beginning december 1 , 2015 . we used the aggregate net proceeds to repay our $ 1 billion 0.90% ( 0.90 % ) senior notes on november 2 , 2015 , and the remainder for general corporate purposes . in may 2015 , we amended our $ 2.5 billion credit facility to increase the facility size by $ 500 million to a total of $ 3.0 billion and extend the maturity date by an additional year such that the credit facility now matures in may 2020 . the amendment additionally provides us the ability to request two one-year extensions to the maturity date and an option to increase the commitment amount by up to an additional $ 500 million , subject to the consent of any increasing lenders . the sub-facilities for swing-line loans and letters of credit remain unchanged allowing up to an aggregate amount of $ 100 million and $ 500 million , respectively . fees on the unused commitment of each lender , as well as the borrowing options under the credit facility , remain unchanged . our main sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents , internally generated cash flow from operations , capital market transactions , our committed revolving credit facility and sales of non-core assets . our working capital requirements are supported by these sources and we may issue either commercial paper backed by our $ 3.0 billion revolving credit facility or draw on our $ 3.0 billion revolving credit facility to meet short-term cash requirements or issue debt or equity securities through the shelf registration statement discussed below as part of our longer-term liquidity and capital management . because of the alternatives available to us as discussed above , we believe that our short-term and long-term liquidity is adequate to fund not only our current operations , but also our near-term and long-term funding requirements including our capital spending programs , dividend payments , defined benefit plan contributions , repayment of debt maturities and other amounts that may ultimately be paid in connection with contingencies . general economic conditions , commodity prices , and financial , business and other factors could affect our operations and our ability to access the capital markets . a downgrade in our credit ratings could negatively impact our cost of capital and our ability to access the capital markets , increase the interest rate and fees we pay on our unsecured revolving credit facility , restrict our access to the commercial paper market , or require us to post letters of credit or other forms of collateral for certain
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in our primary disbursement accounts which were reclassified as accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet . concentration of credit risk financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents , trade accounts receivable and derivative instruments . we place our cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions . such balances may be in excess of fdic insured limits . in order to manage the related credit exposure , we continually monitor the credit worthiness of the financial institutions where we have deposits . concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the wide variety of customers and markets in which we provide services , as well as the dispersion of our operations across many geographic areas . we provide services to commercial , industrial , municipal and residential customers in the united states and puerto rico . we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers , but do not require collateral to support customer receivables . we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors including the credit risk of specific customers , age of receivables outstanding , historical trends , economic conditions and other information . no customer exceeded 5% ( 5 % ) of our outstanding accounts receivable balance at december 31 , 2009 or 2008 . accounts receivable , net of allowance for doubtful accounts accounts receivable represent receivables from customers for collection , transfer , recycling , disposal and other services . our receivables are recorded when billed or when the related revenue is earned , if earlier , and represent claims against third parties that will be settled in cash . the carrying value of our receivables , net of the allowance for doubtful accounts , represents their estimated net realizable value . provisions for doubtful accounts are evaluated on a monthly basis and are recorded based on our historical collection experience , the age of the receivables , specific customer information and economic conditions . we also review outstanding balances on an account-specific basis . in general , reserves are provided for accounts receivable in excess of ninety days old . past due receivable balances are written-off when our collection efforts have been unsuccess- ful in collecting amounts due . the following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended december 31 , 2009 , 2008 and 2007: . | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 ---------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | ------------ balance at beginning of year | $ 65.7 | $ 14.7 | $ 18.8 additions charged to expense | 27.3 | 36.5 | 3.9 accounts written-off | -37.8 ( 37.8 ) | -12.7 ( 12.7 ) | -7.8 ( 7.8 ) acquisitions | - | 27.2 | -0.2 ( 0.2 ) balance at end of year | $ 55.2 | $ 65.7 | $ 14.7 subsequent to our acquisition of allied , we recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $ 14.2 million to adjust the allowance acquired from allied to conform to republic 2019s accounting policies . we also recorded $ 5.4 million to provide for specific bankruptcy exposures in 2008 . in 2007 , we recorded a $ 4.3 million reduction in our allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of refining our estimate of the allowance based on our historical collection experience . restricted cash as of december 31 , 2009 , we had $ 236.6 million of restricted cash , of which $ 93.1 million was proceeds from the issuance of tax-exempt bonds and other tax-exempt financings and will be used to fund capital republic services , inc . and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements , continued
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for the year ended december 31 , 2005 , we realized net losses of $ 1 million on sales of available-for- sale securities . unrealized gains of $ 1 million were included in other comprehensive income at december 31 , 2004 , net of deferred taxes of less than $ 1 million , related to these sales . for the year ended december 31 , 2004 , we realized net gains of $ 26 million on sales of available-for- sale securities . unrealized gains of $ 11 million were included in other comprehensive income at december 31 , 2003 , net of deferred taxes of $ 7 million , related to these sales . note 13 . equity-based compensation the 2006 equity incentive plan was approved by shareholders in april 2006 , and 20000000 shares of common stock were approved for issuance for stock and stock-based awards , including stock options , stock appreciation rights , restricted stock , deferred stock and performance awards . in addition , up to 8000000 shares from our 1997 equity incentive plan , that were available to issue or become available due to cancellations and forfeitures , may be awarded under the 2006 plan . the 1997 plan expired on december 18 , 2006 . as of december 31 , 2006 , 1305420 shares from the 1997 plan have been added to and may be awarded from the 2006 plan . as of december 31 , 2006 , 106045 awards have been made under the 2006 plan . we have stock options outstanding from previous plans , including the 1997 plan , under which no further grants can be made . the exercise price of non-qualified and incentive stock options and stock appreciation rights may not be less than the fair value of such shares at the date of grant . stock options and stock appreciation rights issued under the 2006 plan and the prior 1997 plan generally vest over four years and expire no later than ten years from the date of grant . for restricted stock awards issued under the 2006 plan and the prior 1997 plan , stock certificates are issued at the time of grant and recipients have dividend and voting rights . in general , these grants vest over three years . for deferred stock awards issued under the 2006 plan and the prior 1997 plan , no stock is issued at the time of grant . generally , these grants vest over two- , three- or four-year periods . performance awards granted under the 2006 equity incentive plan and the prior 1997 plan are earned over a performance period based on achievement of goals , generally over two- to three- year periods . payment for performance awards is made in shares of our common stock or in cash equal to the fair market value of our common stock , based on certain financial ratios after the conclusion of each performance period . we record compensation expense , equal to the estimated fair value of the options on the grant date , on a straight-line basis over the options 2019 vesting period . we use a black-scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options granted . the weighted-average assumptions used in connection with the option-pricing model were as follows for the years indicated. . | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 ---------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- dividend yield | 1.41% ( 1.41 % ) | 1.85% ( 1.85 % ) | 1.35% ( 1.35 % ) expected volatility | 26.50 | 28.70 | 27.10 risk-free interest rate | 4.60 | 4.19 | 3.02 expected option lives ( in years ) | 7.8 | 7.8 | 5.0 compensation expense related to stock options , stock appreciation rights , restricted stock awards , deferred stock awards and performance awards , which we record as a component of salaries and employee benefits expense in our consolidated statement of income , was $ 208 million , $ 110 million and $ 74 million for the years ended december 31 , 2006 , 2005 and 2004 , respectively . the related total income tax benefit recorded in our consolidated statement of income was $ 83 million , $ 44 million and $ 30 million for 2006 , 2005 and 2004 , respectively . seq 87 copyarea : 38 . x 54 . trimsize : 8.25 x 10.75 typeset state street corporation serverprocess c:\\fc\\delivery_1024177\\2771-1-do_p.pdf chksum : 0 cycle 1merrill corporation 07-2771-1 thu mar 01 17:11:13 2007 ( v 2.247w--stp1pae18 )
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additionally , the latin american soft alloy extrusions business previously included in corporate was moved into the new transportation and construction solutions segment . the remaining engineered products and solutions segment consists of the alcoa fastening systems and rings ( renamed to include portions of the firth rixson business acquired in november 2014 ) , alcoa power and propulsion ( includes the tital business acquired in march 2015 ) , alcoa forgings and extrusions ( includes the other portions of firth rixson ) , and alcoa titanium and engineered products ( a new business unit that consists solely of the rti international metals business acquired in july 2015 ) business units . segment information for all prior periods presented was updated to reflect the new segment structure . atoi for all reportable segments totaled $ 1906 in 2015 , $ 1968 in 2014 , and $ 1267 in 2013 . the following information provides shipments , sales , and atoi data for each reportable segment , as well as certain production , realized price , and average cost data , for each of the three years in the period ended december 31 , 2015 . see note q to the consolidated financial statements in part ii item 8 of this form 10-k for additional information . alumina . | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------ | ------ | ------ alumina production ( kmt ) | 15720 | 16606 | 16618 third-party alumina shipments ( kmt ) | 10755 | 10652 | 9966 alcoa 2019s average realized price per metric ton of alumina | $ 317 | $ 324 | $ 328 alcoa 2019s average cost per metric ton of alumina* | $ 237 | $ 282 | $ 295 third-party sales | $ 3455 | $ 3509 | $ 3326 intersegment sales | 1687 | 1941 | 2235 total sales | $ 5142 | $ 5450 | $ 5561 atoi | $ 746 | $ 370 | $ 259 * includes all production-related costs , including raw materials consumed ; conversion costs , such as labor , materials , and utilities ; depreciation , depletion , and amortization ; and plant administrative expenses . this segment represents a portion of alcoa 2019s upstream operations and consists of the company 2019s worldwide refining system . alumina mines bauxite , from which alumina is produced and then sold directly to external smelter customers , as well as to the primary metals segment ( see primary metals below ) , or to customers who process it into industrial chemical products . more than half of alumina 2019s production is sold under supply contracts to third parties worldwide , while the remainder is used internally by the primary metals segment . alumina produced by this segment and used internally is transferred to the primary metals segment at prevailing market prices . a portion of this segment 2019s third- party sales are completed through the use of agents , alumina traders , and distributors . generally , the sales of this segment are transacted in u.s . dollars while costs and expenses of this segment are transacted in the local currency of the respective operations , which are the australian dollar , the brazilian real , the u.s . dollar , and the euro . awac is an unincorporated global joint venture between alcoa and alumina limited and consists of a number of affiliated operating entities , which own , or have an interest in , or operate the bauxite mines and alumina refineries within the alumina segment ( except for the poc 0327os de caldas refinery in brazil and a portion of the sa 0303o lul 0301s refinery in brazil ) . alcoa owns 60% ( 60 % ) and alumina limited owns 40% ( 40 % ) of these individual entities , which are consolidated by the company for financial reporting purposes . as such , the results and analysis presented for the alumina segment are inclusive of alumina limited 2019s 40% ( 40 % ) interest . in december 2014 , awac completed the sale of its ownership stake in jamalco , a bauxite mine and alumina refinery joint venture in jamaica , to noble group ltd . jamalco was 55% ( 55 % ) owned by a subsidiary of awac , and , while owned by awac , 55% ( 55 % ) of both the operating results and assets and liabilities of this joint venture were included in the alumina segment . as it relates to awac 2019s previous 55% ( 55 % ) ownership stake , the refinery ( awac 2019s share of the capacity was 779 kmt-per-year ) generated sales ( third-party and intersegment ) of approximately $ 200 in 2013 , and the refinery and mine combined , at the time of divestiture , had approximately 500 employees . see restructuring and other charges in results of operations above.
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2022 integration of new projects . during 2010 , the following projects were acquired or commenced commercial operations : project location fuel aes equity interest ( percent , rounded ) . project | location | fuel | gross mw | aes equity interest ( percent rounded ) ----------------- | -------------- | ----- | -------- | --------------------------------------- ballylumford | united kingdom | gas | 1246 | 100% ( 100 % ) jhrh ( 1 ) | china | hydro | 379 | 35% ( 35 % ) nueva ventanas | chile | coal | 272 | 71% ( 71 % ) st . nikola | bulgaria | wind | 156 | 89% ( 89 % ) guacolda 4 ( 2 ) | chile | coal | 152 | 35% ( 35 % ) dong qi ( 3 ) | china | wind | 49 | 49% ( 49 % ) huanghua ii ( 3 ) | china | wind | 49 | 49% ( 49 % ) st . patrick | france | wind | 35 | 100% ( 100 % ) north rhins | scotland | wind | 22 | 100% ( 100 % ) kepezkaya | turkey | hydro | 28 | 51% ( 51 % ) damlapinar ( 4 ) | turkey | hydro | 16 | 51% ( 51 % ) damlapinar ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . turkey hydro 16 51% ( 51 % ) ( 1 ) jianghe rural electrification development co . ltd . ( 201cjhrh 201d ) and aes china hydropower investment co . ltd . entered into an agreement to acquire a 49% ( 49 % ) interest in this joint venture in june 2010 . acquisition of 35% ( 35 % ) ownership was completed in june 2010 and the transfer of the remaining 14% ( 14 % ) ownership , which is subject to approval by the chinese government , is expected to be completed in may 2011 . ( 2 ) guacolda is an equity method investment indirectly held by aes through gener . the aes equity interest reflects the 29% ( 29 % ) noncontrolling interests in gener . ( 3 ) joint venture with guohua energy investment co . ltd . ( 4 ) joint venture with i.c . energy . key trends and uncertainties our operations continue to face many risks as discussed in item 1a . 2014risk factors of this form 10-k . some of these challenges are also described above in key drivers of results in 2010 . we continue to monitor our operations and address challenges as they arise . development . during the past year , the company has successfully acquired and completed construction of a number of projects , totaling approximately 2404 mw , including the acquisition of ballylumford in the united kingdom and completion of construction of a number of projects in europe , chile and china . however , as discussed in item 1a . 2014risk factors 2014our business is subject to substantial development uncertainties of this form 10-k , our development projects are subject to uncertainties . certain delays have occurred at the 670 mw maritza coal-fired project in bulgaria , and the project has not yet begun commercial operations . as noted in note 10 2014debt included in item 8 of this form 10-k , as a result of these delays the project debt is in default and the company is working with its lenders to resolve the default . in addition , as noted in item 3 . 2014legal proceedings , the company is in litigation with the contractor regarding the cause of delays . at this time , we believe that maritza will commence commercial operations for at least some of the project 2019s capacity by the second half of 2011 . however , commencement of commercial operations could be delayed beyond this time frame . there can be no assurance that maritza will achieve commercial operations , in whole or in part , by the second half of 2011 , resolve the default with the lenders or prevail in the litigation referenced above , which could result in the loss of some or all of our investment or require additional funding for the project . any of these events could have a material adverse effect on the company 2019s operating results or financial position . global economic conditions . during the past few years , economic conditions in some countries where our subsidiaries conduct business have deteriorated . although the economic conditions in several of these countries have improved in recent months , our businesses could be impacted in the event these recent trends do not continue.
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through the certegy merger , the company has an obligation to service $ 200 million ( aggregate principal amount ) of unsecured 4.75% ( 4.75 % ) fixed-rate notes due in 2008 . the notes were recorded in purchase accounting at a discount of $ 5.7 million , which is being amortized over the term of the notes . the notes accrue interest at a rate of 4.75% ( 4.75 % ) per year , payable semi-annually in arrears on each march 15 and september 15 . on april 11 , 2005 , fis entered into interest rate swap agreements which have effectively fixed the interest rate at approximately 5.4% ( 5.4 % ) through april 2008 on $ 350 million of the term loan facilities ( or its replacement debt ) and at approximately 5.2% ( 5.2 % ) through april 2007 on an additional $ 350 million of the term loan . the company has designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges in accordance with sfas no . 133 . the estimated fair value of the cash flow hedges results in an asset to the company of $ 4.9 million and $ 5.2 million , as of december 31 , 2006 and december 31 , 2005 , respectively , which is included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in other noncurrent assets and as a component of accumulated other comprehensive earnings , net of deferred taxes . a portion of the amount included in accumulated other comprehensive earnings is reclassified into interest expense as a yield adjustment as interest payments are made on the term loan facilities . the company 2019s existing cash flow hedges are highly effective and there is no current impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness . it is the policy of the company to execute such instruments with credit-worthy banks and not to enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes . principal maturities at december 31 , 2006 ( and at december 31 , 2006 after giving effect to the debt refinancing completed on january 18 , 2007 ) for the next five years and thereafter are as follows ( in thousands ) : december 31 , january 18 , 2007 refinancing . | december 31 2006 | january 18 2007 refinancing ---------- | ---------------- | --------------------------- 2007 | $ 61661 | $ 96161 2008 | 257541 | 282041 2009 | 68129 | 145129 2010 | 33586 | 215586 2011 | 941875 | 165455 thereafter | 1646709 | 2105129 total | $ 3009501 | $ 3009501 fidelity national information services , inc . and subsidiaries and affiliates consolidated and combined financial statements notes to consolidated and combined financial statements 2014 ( continued )
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the analysis of our depreciation studies . changes in the estimated service lives of our assets and their related depreciation rates are implemented prospectively . under group depreciation , the historical cost ( net of salvage ) of depreciable property that is retired or replaced in the ordinary course of business is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is recognized . the historical cost of certain track assets is estimated using ( i ) inflation indices published by the bureau of labor statistics and ( ii ) the estimated useful lives of the assets as determined by our depreciation studies . the indices were selected because they closely correlate with the major costs of the properties comprising the applicable track asset classes . because of the number of estimates inherent in the depreciation and retirement processes and because it is impossible to precisely estimate each of these variables until a group of property is completely retired , we continually monitor the estimated service lives of our assets and the accumulated depreciation associated with each asset class to ensure our depreciation rates are appropriate . in addition , we determine if the recorded amount of accumulated depreciation is deficient ( or in excess ) of the amount indicated by our depreciation studies . any deficiency ( or excess ) is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service lives of the applicable classes of assets . for retirements of depreciable railroad properties that do not occur in the normal course of business , a gain or loss may be recognized if the retirement meets each of the following three conditions : ( i ) is unusual , ( ii ) is material in amount , and ( iii ) varies significantly from the retirement profile identified through our depreciation studies . a gain or loss is recognized in other income when we sell land or dispose of assets that are not part of our railroad operations . when we purchase an asset , we capitalize all costs necessary to make the asset ready for its intended use . however , many of our assets are self-constructed . a large portion of our capital expenditures is for replacement of existing track assets and other road properties , which is typically performed by our employees , and for track line expansion and other capacity projects . costs that are directly attributable to capital projects ( including overhead costs ) are capitalized . direct costs that are capitalized as part of self- constructed assets include material , labor , and work equipment . indirect costs are capitalized if they clearly relate to the construction of the asset . general and administrative expenditures are expensed as incurred . normal repairs and maintenance , including rail grinding , are also expensed as incurred , while costs incurred that extend the useful life of an asset , improve the safety of our operations or improve operating efficiency are capitalized . these costs are allocated using appropriate statistical bases . total expense for repairs and maintenance incurred was $ 2.1 billion for 2012 , $ 2.2 billion for 2011 , and $ 2.0 billion for 2010 . assets held under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease . amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the period of the related lease . 12 . accounts payable and other current liabilities dec . 31 , dec . 31 , millions 2012 2011 . millions | dec . 31 2012 | dec . 312011 --------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------ accounts payable | $ 825 | $ 819 accrued wages and vacation | 376 | 363 income and other taxes | 368 | 482 dividends payable | 318 | 284 accrued casualty costs | 213 | 249 interest payable | 172 | 197 equipment rents payable | 95 | 90 other | 556 | 624 total accounts payable and othercurrent liabilities | $ 2923 | $ 3108
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fis gaming business on june 1 , 2015 , we acquired certain assets of certegy check services , inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary of fidelity national information services , inc . ( 201cfis 201d ) . under the purchase arrangement , we acquired substantially all of the assets of its gaming business related to licensed gaming operators ( the 201cfis gaming business 201d ) , including relationships with gaming clients in approximately 260 locations as of the acquisition date , for $ 237.5 million , funded from borrowings on our revolving credit facility and cash on hand . we acquired the fis gaming business to expand our direct distribution and service offerings in the gaming market . the estimated acquisition-date fair values of major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed , including a reconciliation to the total purchase consideration , were as follows ( in thousands ) : . customer-related intangible assets | $ 143400 ---------------------------------- | ------------ liabilities | -150 ( 150 ) total identifiable net assets | 143250 goodwill | 94250 total purchase consideration | $ 237500 goodwill arising from the acquisition , included in the north america segment , was attributable to an expected growth opportunities , including cross-selling opportunities at existing and acquired gaming client locations and operating synergies in the gaming business , and an assembled workforce . goodwill associated with this acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes . the customer-related intangible assets have an estimated amortization period of 15 years . valuation of identified intangible assets for the acquisitions discussed above , the estimated fair values of customer-related intangible assets were determined using the income approach , which was based on projected cash flows discounted to their present value using discount rates that consider the timing and risk of the forecasted cash flows . the discount rates used represented the average estimated value of a market participant 2019s cost of capital and debt , derived using customary market metrics . acquired technologies were valued using the replacement cost method , which required us to estimate the costs to construct an asset of equivalent utility at prices available at the time of the valuation analysis , with adjustments in value for physical deterioration and functional and economic obsolescence . trademarks and trade names were valued using the 201crelief-from-royalty 201d approach . this method assumes that trademarks and trade names have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them . this method required us to estimate the future revenues for the related brands , the appropriate royalty rate and the weighted-average cost of capital . the discount rates used represented the average estimated value of a market participant 2019s cost of capital and debt , derived using customary market metrics . note 3 2014 revenues we are a leading worldwide provider of payment technology and software solutions delivering innovative services to our customers globally . our technologies , services and employee expertise enable us to provide a broad range of solutions that allow our customers to accept various payment types and operate their businesses more efficiently . we distribute our services across a variety of channels to customers . the disclosures in this note are applicable for the year ended december 31 , 2018 . global payments inc . | 2018 form 10-k annual report 2013 79
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hologic , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) ( in thousands , except per share data ) failure of the company to develop new products and product enhancements on a timely basis or within budget could harm the company 2019s results of operations and financial condition . for additional risks that may affect the company 2019s business and prospects following completion of the merger , see 201crisk factors 201d in item 1a of the company 2019s form 10-k for the year ended september 29 , 2007 . goodwill the preliminary purchase price allocation has resulted in goodwill of approximately $ 3895100 . the factors contributing to the recognition of this amount of goodwill are based upon several strategic and synergistic benefits that are expected to be realized from the combination . these benefits include the expectation that the company 2019s complementary products and technologies will create a leading women 2019s healthcare company with an enhanced presence in hospitals , private practices and healthcare organizations . the company also expects to realize substantial synergies through the use of cytyc 2019s ob/gyn and breast surgeon sales channel to cross-sell the company 2019s existing and future products . the merger provides the company broader channel coverage within the united states and expanded geographic reach internationally , as well as increased scale and scope for further expanding operations through product development and complementary strategic transactions . supplemental unaudited pro-forma information the following unaudited pro forma information presents the consolidated results of operations of the company and cytyc as if the acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2007 , with pro forma adjustments to give effect to amortization of intangible assets , an increase in interest expense on acquisition financing and certain other adjustments together with related tax effects: . ( approximate amounts in thousands except per share data ) | 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------- net revenue | $ 1472400 net income | $ 62600 net income per share 2014basic | $ 0.52 net income per share 2014assuming dilution | $ 0.50 the $ 368200 charge for acquired in-process research and development that was a direct result of the transaction is excluded from the unaudited pro forma information above . the unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the results that the company would have attained had the acquisitions of cytyc occurred at the beginning of the periods presented . prior to the close of the merger the board of directors of both hologic and cytyc approved a modification to certain outstanding equity awards for cytyc employees . the modification provided for the acceleration of vesting upon the close of merger for those awards that did not provide for acceleration upon a change of control as part of the original terms of the award . this modification was made so that the company will not incur stock based compensation charges that it otherwise would have if the awards had continued to vest under their original terms . credit agreement on october 22 , 2007 , company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries , entered into a senior secured credit agreement with goldman sachs credit partners l.p . and certain other lenders , ( collectively , the 201clenders 201d ) . pursuant to the terms and conditions of the credit agreement , the lenders have committed to provide senior secured financing in an aggregate amount of up to $ 2550000 . as of the closing of the cytyc merger , the company borrowed $ 2350000 under the credit facilities.
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company has a contingent liability relating to proper disposition of these balances , which amounted to $ 1926.8 mil- lion at december 31 , 2007 . as a result of holding these customers 2019 assets in escrow , the company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits during the year through favorable borrowing and vendor arrangements with various banks . there were no loans outstanding as of december 31 , 2007 and these balances were invested in short term , high grade investments that minimize the risk to principal . leases the company leases certain of its property under leases which expire at various dates . several of these agreements include escalation clauses and provide for purchases and renewal options for periods ranging from one to five years . future minimum operating lease payments for leases with remaining terms greater than one year for each of the years in the five years ending december 31 , 2012 , and thereafter in the aggregate , are as follows ( in thousands ) : . 2008 | 83382 ---------- | -------- 2009 | 63060 2010 | 35269 2011 | 21598 2012 | 14860 thereafter | 30869 total | $ 249038 in addition , the company has operating lease commitments relating to office equipment and computer hardware with annual lease payments of approximately $ 16.0 million per year which renew on a short-term basis . rent expense incurred under all operating leases during the years ended december 31 , 2007 , 2006 and 2005 was $ 106.4 million , $ 81.5 million and $ 61.1 million , respectively . data processing and maintenance services agreements . the company has agreements with various vendors , which expire between 2008 and 2017 , for portions of its computer data processing operations and related functions . the company 2019s estimated aggregate contractual obligation remaining under these agreements was approximately $ 888.3 million as of december 31 , 2007 . however , this amount could be more or less depending on various factors such as the inflation rate , the introduction of significant new technologies , or changes in the company 2019s data processing needs . ( 17 ) employee benefit plans stock purchase plan prior to the certegy merger ( note 6 ) , fis employees participated in the fidelity national financial , inc . employee stock purchase plan ( espp ) . subsequent to the certegy merger , the company instituted its own plan with the same terms as the fidelity national financial , inc . plan . under the terms of both plans and subsequent amendments , eligible employees may voluntarily purchase , at current market prices , shares of fnf 2019s ( prior to the certegy merger ) or fis 2019s ( post certegy merger ) common stock through payroll deductions . pursuant to the espp , employees may contribute an amount between 3% ( 3 % ) and 15% ( 15 % ) of their base salary and certain commissions . shares purchased are allocated to employees based upon their contributions . the company contributes varying matching amounts as specified in the espp . the company recorded an expense of $ 15.2 million , $ 13.1 million and $ 11.1 million , respectively , for the years ended december 31 , 2007 , 2006 and 2005 relating to the participation of fis employees in the espp . fidelity national information services , inc . and subsidiaries and affiliates notes to consolidated and combined financial statements 2014 ( continued )
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other-than-temporary impairments on investment securities . in april 2009 , the fasb revised the authoritative guidance for the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments . this new guidance amends the recognition guidance for other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities and expands the financial statement disclosures for other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities . for available for sale debt securities that the company has no intent to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery , only the credit loss component of the impairment would be recognized in earnings , while the rest of the fair value loss would be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income ( loss ) . the company adopted this guidance effective april 1 , 2009 . upon adoption the company recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment increase in retained earnings ( deficit ) and decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income ( loss ) as follows : ( dollars in thousands ) . cumulative-effect adjustment gross | $ 65658 ---------------------------------- | -------------- tax | -8346 ( 8346 ) cumulative-effect adjustment net | $ 57312 measurement of fair value in inactive markets . in april 2009 , the fasb revised the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures , which reaffirms that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions . it also reaffirms the need to use judgment in determining if a formerly active market has become inactive and in determining fair values when the market has become inactive . there was no impact to the company 2019s financial statements upon adoption . fair value disclosures about pension plan assets . in december 2008 , the fasb revised the authoritative guidance for employers 2019 disclosures about pension plan assets . this new guidance requires additional disclosures about the components of plan assets , investment strategies for plan assets and significant concentrations of risk within plan assets . the company , in conjunction with fair value measurement of plan assets , separated plan assets into the three fair value hierarchy levels and provided a roll forward of the changes in fair value of plan assets classified as level 3 in the 2009 annual consolidated financial statements . these disclosures had no effect on the company 2019s accounting for plan benefits and obligations . revisions to earnings per share calculation . in june 2008 , the fasb revised the authoritative guidance for earnings per share for determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities . this new guidance requires unvested share-based payment awards that contain non- forfeitable rights to dividends be considered as a separate class of common stock and included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method . the company 2019s restricted share awards meet this definition and are therefore included in the basic earnings per share calculation . additional disclosures for derivative instruments . in march 2008 , the fasb issued authoritative guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities , which requires enhanced disclosures on derivative instruments and hedged items . on january 1 , 2009 , the company adopted the additional disclosure for the equity index put options . no comparative information for periods prior to the effective date was required . this guidance had no impact on how the company records its derivatives.
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table of contents statutory surplus the table below sets forth statutory surplus for the company 2019s insurance companies as of december 31 , 2012 and 2011: . | 2012 | 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------- u.s . life insurance subsidiaries includes domestic captive insurance subsidiaries | $ 6410 | $ 7388 property and casualty insurance subsidiaries | 7645 | 7412 total | $ 14055 | $ 14800 statutory capital and surplus for the u.s . life insurance subsidiaries , including domestic captive insurance subsidiaries , decreased by $ 978 , primarily due to variable annuity surplus impacts of approximately $ 425 , a $ 200 increase in reserves on a change in valuation basis , $ 200 transfer of the mutual funds business from the u.s . life insurance companies to the life holding company , and an increase in the asset valuation reserve of $ 115 . as a result of the january 2013 statutory gain from the sale of the retirement plans and individual life businesses , the company's pro forma january 2 , 2013 u.s . life statutory surplus was estimated to be $ 8.1 billion , before approximately $ 1.5 billion in extraordinary dividends and return of capital to hfsg holding company . statutory capital and surplus for the property and casualty insurance subsidiaries increased by $ 233 , primarily due to statutory net income , after tax , of $ 727 , unrealized gains of $ 249 , and an increase in statutory admitted deferred tax assets of $ 77 , capital contributions of $ 14 , and an increase of statutory admitted assets of $ 7 , partially offset by dividends to the hfsg holding company of $ 841 . both net income and dividends are net of interest payments and dividends , respectively , on an intercompany note between hartford holdings , inc . and hartford fire insurance company . the company also holds regulatory capital and surplus for its operations in japan . under the accounting practices and procedures governed by japanese regulatory authorities , the company 2019s statutory capital and surplus was $ 1.1 billion and $ 1.3 billion as of december 31 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively . statutory capital the company 2019s stockholders 2019 equity , as prepared using u.s . generally accepted accounting principles ( 201cu.s . gaap 201d ) was $ 22.4 billion as of december 31 , 2012 . the company 2019s estimated aggregate statutory capital and surplus , as prepared in accordance with the national association of insurance commissioners 2019 accounting practices and procedures manual ( 201cu.s . stat 201d ) was $ 14.1 billion as of december 31 , 2012 . significant differences between u.s . gaap stockholders 2019 equity and aggregate statutory capital and surplus prepared in accordance with u.s . stat include the following : 2022 u.s . stat excludes equity of non-insurance and foreign insurance subsidiaries not held by u.s . insurance subsidiaries . 2022 costs incurred by the company to acquire insurance policies are deferred under u.s . gaap while those costs are expensed immediately under u.s . 2022 temporary differences between the book and tax basis of an asset or liability which are recorded as deferred tax assets are evaluated for recoverability under u.s . gaap while those amounts deferred are subject to limitations under u.s . stat . 2022 the assumptions used in the determination of life benefit reserves is prescribed under u.s . stat , while the assumptions used under u.s . gaap are generally the company 2019s best estimates . the methodologies for determining life insurance reserve amounts may also be different . for example , reserving for living benefit reserves under u.s . stat is generally addressed by the commissioners 2019 annuity reserving valuation methodology and the related actuarial guidelines , while under u.s . gaap , those same living benefits may be considered embedded derivatives and recorded at fair value or they may be considered sop 03-1 reserves . the sensitivity of these life insurance reserves to changes in equity markets , as applicable , will be different between u.s . gaap and u.s . stat . 2022 the difference between the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity and other investments , net of tax , is recorded as an increase or decrease to the carrying value of the related asset and to equity under u.s . gaap , while u.s . stat only records certain securities at fair value , such as equity securities and certain lower rated bonds required by the naic to be recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value . 2022 u.s . stat for life insurance companies establishes a formula reserve for realized and unrealized losses due to default and equity risks associated with certain invested assets ( the asset valuation reserve ) , while u.s . gaap does not . also , for those realized gains and losses caused by changes in interest rates , u.s . stat for life insurance companies defers and amortizes the gains and losses , caused by changes in interest rates , into income over the original life to maturity of the asset sold ( the interest maintenance reserve ) while u.s . gaap does not . 2022 goodwill arising from the acquisition of a business is tested for recoverability on an annual basis ( or more frequently , as necessary ) for u.s . gaap , while under u.s . stat goodwill is amortized over a period not to exceed 10 years and the amount of goodwill is limited.
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delivered in 2015 compared to seven delivered in 2014 ) . the increases were partially offset by lower net sales of approximately $ 350 million for the c-130 program due to fewer aircraft deliveries ( 21 aircraft delivered in 2015 , compared to 24 delivered in 2014 ) , lower sustainment activities and aircraft contract mix ; approximately $ 200 million due to decreased volume and lower risk retirements on various programs ; approximately $ 195 million for the f-16 program due to fewer deliveries ( 11 aircraft delivered in 2015 , compared to 17 delivered in 2014 ) ; and approximately $ 190 million for the f-22 program as a result of decreased sustainment activities . aeronautics 2019 operating profit in 2015 increased $ 32 million , or 2% ( 2 % ) , compared to 2014 . operating profit increased by approximately $ 240 million for f-35 production contracts due to increased volume and risk retirements ; and approximately $ 40 million for the c-5 program due to increased risk retirements . these increases were offset by lower operating profit of approximately $ 90 million for the f-22 program due to lower risk retirements ; approximately $ 70 million for the c-130 program as a result of the reasons stated above for lower net sales ; and approximately $ 80 million due to decreased volume and risk retirements on various programs . adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters , were approximately $ 100 million higher in 2015 compared to 2014 . backlog backlog increased in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to higher orders on f-35 production and sustainment programs . backlog increased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to higher orders on f-35 and c-130 programs . trends we expect aeronautics 2019 2017 net sales to increase in the low-double digit percentage range as compared to 2016 due to increased volume on the f-35 program . operating profit is expected to increase at a slightly lower percentage range , driven by the increased volume on the f-35 program , partially offset by contract mix that results in a slight decrease in operating margins between years . missiles and fire control our mfc business segment provides air and missile defense systems ; tactical missiles and air-to-ground precision strike weapon systems ; logistics ; fire control systems ; mission operations support , readiness , engineering support and integration services ; manned and unmanned ground vehicles ; and energy management solutions . mfc 2019s major programs include pac-3 , thaad , multiple launch rocket system , hellfire , jassm , javelin , apache , sniper ae , low altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night ( lantirn ae ) and special operations forces contractor logistics support services ( sof clss ) . in 2016 we submitted a bid for the special operations forces global logistics support services ( sof glss ) contract , which is a competitive follow-on contract to sof clss . we anticipate an award decision on the follow-on contract in mid-2017 . mfc 2019s operating results included the following ( in millions ) : . | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- net sales | $ 6608 | $ 6770 | $ 7092 operating profit | 1018 | 1282 | 1344 operating margin | 15.4% ( 15.4 % ) | 18.9% ( 18.9 % ) | 19.0% ( 19.0 % ) backlog atyear-end | $ 14700 | $ 15500 | $ 13300 2016 compared to 2015 mfc 2019s net sales in 2016 decreased $ 162 million , or 2% ( 2 % ) , compared to 2015 . the decrease was attributable to lower net sales of approximately $ 205 million for air and missile defense programs due to decreased volume ( primarily thaad ) ; and lower net sales of approximately $ 95 million due to lower volume on various programs . these decreases were partially offset by a $ 75 million increase for tactical missiles programs due to increased deliveries ( primarily hellfire ) ; and approximately $ 70 million for fire control programs due to increased volume ( sof clss ) . mfc 2019s operating profit in 2016 decreased $ 264 million , or 21% ( 21 % ) , compared to 2015 . operating profit decreased approximately $ 145 million for air and missile defense programs due to lower risk retirements ( pac-3 and thaad ) and a reserve for a contractual matter ; approximately $ 45 million for tactical missiles programs due to lower risk retirements ( javelin ) ; and approximately $ 45 million for fire control programs due to lower risk retirements ( apache ) and program mix . adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments and reserves , were about $ 225 million lower in 2016 compared to 2015.
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we monitor the status of the capital markets and regularly evaluate the effect that changes in capital market conditions may have on our ability to execute our announced growth plans and fund our liquidity needs . we expect to continue meeting part of our financing and liquidity needs primarily through commercial paper borrowings , issuances of senior notes , and access to long-term committed credit facilities . if conditions in the lodging industry deteriorate , or if disruptions in the capital markets take place as they did in the immediate aftermath of both the 2008 worldwide financial crisis and the events of september 11 , 2001 , we may be unable to place some or all of our commercial paper on a temporary or extended basis and may have to rely more on borrowings under the credit facility , which we believe will be adequate to fund our liquidity needs , including repayment of debt obligations , but which may carry a higher cost than commercial paper . since we continue to have ample flexibility under the credit facility 2019s covenants , we expect that undrawn bank commitments under the credit facility will remain available to us even if business conditions were to deteriorate markedly . cash from operations cash from operations and non-cash items for the last three fiscal years are as follows: . ( $ in millions ) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 -------------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ cash from operations | $ 2357 | $ 2227 | $ 1619 non-cash items ( 1 ) | 287 | 1397 | 514 non-cash items ( 1 ) 287 1397 514 ( 1 ) includes depreciation , amortization , share-based compensation , deferred income taxes , and contract investment amortization . our ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 0.4 to 1.0 at year-end 2018 and 0.5 to 1.0 at year-end 2017 . we minimize working capital through cash management , strict credit-granting policies , and aggressive collection efforts . we also have significant borrowing capacity under our credit facility should we need additional working capital . investing activities cash flows acquisition of a business , net of cash acquired . cash outflows of $ 2392 million in 2016 were due to the starwood combination . see footnote 3 . dispositions and acquisitions for more information . capital expenditures and other investments . we made capital expenditures of $ 556 million in 2018 , $ 240 million in 2017 , and $ 199 million in 2016 . capital expenditures in 2018 increased by $ 316 million compared to 2017 , primarily reflecting the acquisition of the sheraton grand phoenix , improvements to our worldwide systems , and net higher spending on several owned properties . capital expenditures in 2017 increased by $ 41 million compared to 2016 , primarily due to improvements to our worldwide systems and improvements to hotels acquired in the starwood combination . we expect spending on capital expenditures and other investments will total approximately $ 500 million to $ 700 million for 2019 , including acquisitions , loan advances , equity and other investments , contract acquisition costs , and various capital expenditures ( including approximately $ 225 million for maintenance capital spending ) . over time , we have sold lodging properties , both completed and under development , subject to long-term management agreements . the ability of third-party purchasers to raise the debt and equity capital necessary to acquire such properties depends in part on the perceived risks in the lodging industry and other constraints inherent in the capital markets . we monitor the status of the capital markets and regularly evaluate the potential impact of changes in capital market conditions on our business operations . in the starwood combination , we acquired various hotels and joint venture interests in hotels , most of which we have sold or are seeking to sell , and in 2018 , we acquired the sheraton grand phoenix , which we expect to renovate and sell subject to a long-term management agreement . we also expect to continue making selective and opportunistic investments to add units to our lodging business , which may include property acquisitions , new construction , loans , guarantees , and noncontrolling equity investments . over time , we seek to minimize capital invested in our business through asset sales subject to long term operating or franchise agreements . fluctuations in the values of hotel real estate generally have little impact on our overall business results because : ( 1 ) we own less than one percent of hotels that we operate or franchise ; ( 2 ) management and franchise fees are generally based upon hotel revenues and profits rather than current hotel property values ; and ( 3 ) our management agreements generally do not terminate upon hotel sale or foreclosure . dispositions . property and asset sales generated $ 479 million cash proceeds in 2018 and $ 1418 million in 2017 . see footnote 3 . dispositions and acquisitions for more information on dispositions.
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repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2012 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 2.9 billion . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 0.8 billion . as of november 30 , 2012 , we have u.s . net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 33.7 million for federal and $ 77.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 1.9 million , $ 18.0 million and $ 17.6 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets , federal tax credits and foreign tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2017 through 2032 . the state tax credit carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , but are expected to be fully realized . in addition , we have been tracking certain deferred tax attributes of $ 45.0 million which have not been recorded in the financial statements pursuant to accounting standards related to stock-based compensation . these amounts are no longer included in our gross or net deferred tax assets . pursuant to these standards , the benefit of these deferred tax assets will be recorded to equity if and when they reduce taxes payable . as of november 30 , 2012 , a valuation allowance of $ 28.2 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to the impairment of investments and certain foreign assets . for fiscal 2012 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 23.0 million , of which $ 2.1 million was recorded as a tax benefit through the income statement . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2012 and 2011 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : . | 2012 | 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- beginning balance | $ 163607 | $ 156925 gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions | 1038 | 11901 gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions | 2014 | -4154 ( 4154 ) gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions | 23771 | 32420 settlements with taxing authorities | -1754 ( 1754 ) | -29101 ( 29101 ) lapse of statute of limitations | -25387 ( 25387 ) | -3825 ( 3825 ) foreign exchange gains and losses | -807 ( 807 ) | -559 ( 559 ) ending balance | $ 160468 | $ 163607 as of november 30 , 2012 , the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns and included in non-current income taxes payable was approximately $ 12.5 million . we file income tax returns in the u.s . on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are the u.s. , ireland and california . for california , ireland and the u.s. , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2005 , 2006 and 2008 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from the current examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . in august 2011 , a canadian income tax examination covering our fiscal years 2005 through 2008 was completed . our accrued tax and interest related to these years was approximately $ 35 million and was previously reported in long-term income taxes payable . we reclassified approximately $ 17 million to short-term income taxes payable and decreased deferred tax assets by approximately $ 18 million in conjunction with the aforementioned resolution . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance sheet classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities . the company believes that before the end of fiscal 2013 , it is reasonably possible table of contents adobe systems incorporated notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued )
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aeronautics business segment 2019s results of operations discussion . the increase in our consolidated net adjustments for 2011 as compared to 2010 primarily was due to an increase in profit booking rate adjustments at our is&gs and aeronautics business segments . aeronautics our aeronautics business segment is engaged in the research , design , development , manufacture , integration , sustainment , support , and upgrade of advanced military aircraft , including combat and air mobility aircraft , unmanned air vehicles , and related technologies . aeronautics 2019 major programs include the f-35 lightning ii joint strike fighter , f-22 raptor , f-16 fighting falcon , c-130 hercules , and the c-5m super galaxy . aeronautics 2019 operating results included the following ( in millions ) : . | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 ------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- net sales | $ 14953 | $ 14362 | $ 13109 operating profit | 1699 | 1630 | 1498 operating margins | 11.4% ( 11.4 % ) | 11.3% ( 11.3 % ) | 11.4% ( 11.4 % ) backlog at year-end | 30100 | 30500 | 27500 2012 compared to 2011 aeronautics 2019 net sales for 2012 increased $ 591 million , or 4% ( 4 % ) , compared to 2011 . the increase was attributable to higher net sales of approximately $ 745 million from f-35 lrip contracts principally due to increased production volume ; about $ 285 million from f-16 programs primarily due to higher aircraft deliveries ( 37 f-16 aircraft delivered in 2012 compared to 22 in 2011 ) partially offset by lower volume on sustainment activities due to the completion of modification programs for certain international customers ; and approximately $ 140 million from c-5 programs due to higher aircraft deliveries ( four c-5m aircraft delivered in 2012 compared to two in 2011 ) . partially offsetting the increases were lower net sales of approximately $ 365 million from decreased production volume and lower risk retirements on the f-22 program as final aircraft deliveries were completed in the second quarter of 2012 ; approximately $ 110 million from the f-35 development contract primarily due to the inception-to-date effect of reducing the profit booking rate in the second quarter of 2012 and to a lesser extent lower volume ; and about $ 95 million from a decrease in volume on other sustainment activities partially offset by various other aeronautics programs due to higher volume . net sales for c-130 programs were comparable to 2011 as a decline in sustainment activities largely was offset by increased aircraft deliveries . aeronautics 2019 operating profit for 2012 increased $ 69 million , or 4% ( 4 % ) , compared to 2011 . the increase was attributable to higher operating profit of approximately $ 105 million from c-130 programs due to an increase in risk retirements ; about $ 50 million from f-16 programs due to higher aircraft deliveries partially offset by a decline in risk retirements ; approximately $ 50 million from f-35 lrip contracts due to increased production volume and risk retirements ; and about $ 50 million from the completion of purchased intangible asset amortization on certain f-16 contracts . partially offsetting the increases was lower operating profit of about $ 90 million from the f-35 development contract primarily due to the inception- to-date effect of reducing the profit booking rate in the second quarter of 2012 ; approximately $ 50 million from decreased production volume and risk retirements on the f-22 program partially offset by a resolution of a contractual matter in the second quarter of 2012 ; and approximately $ 45 million primarily due to a decrease in risk retirements on other sustainment activities partially offset by various other aeronautics programs due to increased risk retirements and volume . operating profit for c-5 programs was comparable to 2011 . adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters described above , were approximately $ 30 million lower for 2012 compared to 2011 . 2011 compared to 2010 aeronautics 2019 net sales for 2011 increased $ 1.3 billion , or 10% ( 10 % ) , compared to 2010 . the growth in net sales primarily was due to higher volume of about $ 850 million for work performed on the f-35 lrip contracts as production increased ; higher volume of about $ 745 million for c-130 programs due to an increase in deliveries ( 33 c-130j aircraft delivered in 2011 compared to 25 during 2010 ) and support activities ; about $ 425 million for f-16 support activities and an increase in aircraft deliveries ( 22 f-16 aircraft delivered in 2011 compared to 20 during 2010 ) ; and approximately $ 90 million for higher volume on c-5 programs ( two c-5m aircraft delivered in 2011 compared to one during 2010 ) . these increases partially were offset by a decline in net sales of approximately $ 675 million due to lower volume on the f-22 program and lower net sales of about $ 155 million for the f-35 development contract as development work decreased.
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regulatory balancing accounts accumulate differences between revenues recognized and authorized revenue requirements until they are collected from customers or are refunded . regulatory balancing accounts include low income programs and purchased power and water accounts . debt expense is amortized over the lives of the respective issues . call premiums on the redemption of long- term debt , as well as unamortized debt expense , are deferred and amortized to the extent they will be recovered through future service rates . as a result of american water capital corp . 2019s prepayment of the 5.62% ( 5.62 % ) series c senior notes due december 21 , 2018 ( 201cseries c senior notes 201d ) and 5.77% ( 5.77 % ) series d senior notes due december 21 , 2021 ( 201cseries d senior notes 201d ) and payment of a make-whole premium amount to the holders thereof of $ 34 million , the company recorded a $ 6 million charge resulting from the early extinguishment of debt at the parent company . substantially all of the early debt extinguishment costs allocable to the company 2019s utility subsidiaries were recorded as regulatory assets that the company believes are probable of recovery in future rates . approximately $ 1 million of the early debt extinguishment costs allocable to the company 2019s utility subsidiaries was amortized in 2017 . purchase premium recoverable through rates is primarily the recovery of the acquisition premiums related to an asset acquisition by the company 2019s california utility subsidiary during 2002 , and acquisitions in 2007 by the company 2019s new jersey utility subsidiary . as authorized for recovery by the california and new jersey pucs , these costs are being amortized to depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations through november 2048 . tank painting costs are generally deferred and amortized to operations and maintenance expense in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from two to fifteen years , as authorized by the regulatory authorities in their determination of rates charged for service . other regulatory assets include certain construction costs for treatment facilities , property tax stabilization , employee-related costs , deferred other postretirement benefit expense , business services project expenses , coastal water project costs , rate case expenditures and environmental remediation costs among others . these costs are deferred because the amounts are being recovered in rates or are probable of recovery through rates in future periods . regulatory liabilities regulatory liabilities generally represent amounts that are probable of being credited or refunded to customers through the rate-making process . also , if costs expected to be incurred in the future are currently being recovered through rates , the company records those expected future costs as regulatory liabilities . the following table summarizes the composition of regulatory liabilities as of december 31: . | 2017 | 2016 ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ income taxes recovered through rates | $ 1242 | $ 2014 removal costs recovered through rates | 315 | 316 pension and other postretirement benefit balancing accounts | 48 | 55 other | 59 | 32 total regulatory liabilities | $ 1664 | $ 403 income taxes recovered through rates relate to deferred taxes that will likely be refunded to the company 2019s customers . on december 22 , 2017 , the tcja was signed into law , which , among other things , enacted significant and complex changes to the internal revenue code of 1986 , including a reduction in the maximum u.s . federal corporate income tax rate from 35% ( 35 % ) to 21% ( 21 % ) as of january 1 , 2018 . the tcja created significant
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republic services , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) 12 . share repurchases and dividends share repurchases share repurchase activity during the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 follows ( in millions except per share amounts ) : . | 2018 | 2017 ------------------------------- | ------- | ------- number of shares repurchased | 10.7 | 9.6 amount paid | $ 736.9 | $ 610.7 weighted average cost per share | $ 69.06 | $ 63.84 as of december 31 , 2018 , there were no repurchased shares pending settlement . in october 2017 , our board of directors added $ 2.0 billion to the existing share repurchase authorization that now extends through december 31 , 2020 . share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws . while the board of directors has approved the program , the timing of any purchases , the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management , at its discretion , and will depend upon market conditions and other factors . the share repurchase program may be extended , suspended or discontinued at any time . as of december 31 , 2018 , the remaining authorized purchase capacity under our october 2017 repurchase program was $ 1.1 billion . dividends in october 2018 , our board of directors approved a quarterly dividend of $ 0.375 per share . cash dividends declared were $ 468.4 million , $ 446.3 million and $ 423.8 million for the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2018 , we recorded a quarterly dividend payable of $ 121.0 million to shareholders of record at the close of business on january 2 , 2019 . 13 . earnings per share basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to republic services , inc . by the weighted average number of common shares ( including vested but unissued rsus ) outstanding during the period . diluted earnings per share is based on the combined weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding , which include , where appropriate , the assumed exercise of employee stock options , unvested rsus and unvested psus at the expected attainment levels . we use the treasury stock method in computing diluted earnings per share.
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commodities purchased for use in our supply chain . we manage our exposures through a combination of purchase orders , long-term contracts with suppliers , exchange-traded futures and options , and over-the-counter options and swaps . we offset our exposures based on current and projected market conditions and generally seek to acquire the inputs at as close to our planned cost as possible . we use derivatives to manage our exposure to changes in commodity prices . we do not perform the assessments required to achieve hedge accounting for commodity derivative positions . accordingly , the changes in the values of these derivatives are recorded currently in cost of sales in our consolidated statements of earnings . although we do not meet the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting , we believe that these instruments are effective in achieving our objective of providing certainty in the future price of commodities purchased for use in our supply chain . accordingly , for purposes of measuring segment operating performance these gains and losses are reported in unallocated corporate items outside of segment operating results until such time that the exposure we are managing affects earnings . at that time we reclassify the gain or loss from unallocated corporate items to segment operating profit , allowing our operating segments to realize the economic effects of the derivative without experiencing any resulting mark-to-market volatility , which remains in unallocated corporate items . unallocated corporate items for fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 included: . in millions | fiscal year 2019 | fiscal year 2018 | fiscal year 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- net gain ( loss ) onmark-to-marketvaluation of commodity positions | $ -39.0 ( 39.0 ) | $ 14.3 | $ -22.0 ( 22.0 ) net loss on commodity positions reclassified from unallocated corporate items to segmentoperating profit | 10.0 | 11.3 | 32.0 netmark-to-marketrevaluation of certain grain inventories | -7.0 ( 7.0 ) | 6.5 | 3.9 netmark-to-marketvaluation of certain commodity positions recognized in unallocated corporate items | $ -36.0 ( 36.0 ) | $ 32.1 | $ 13.9 net mark-to-market valuation of certain commodity positions recognized in unallocated corporate items $ ( 36.0 ) $ 32.1 $ 13.9 as of may 26 , 2019 , the net notional value of commodity derivatives was $ 312.5 million , of which $ 242.9 million related to agricultural inputs and $ 69.6 million related to energy inputs . these contracts relate to inputs that generally will be utilized within the next 12 months . interest rate risk we are exposed to interest rate volatility with regard to future issuances of fixed-rate debt , and existing and future issuances of floating-rate debt . primary exposures include u.s . treasury rates , libor , euribor , and commercial paper rates in the united states and europe . we use interest rate swaps , forward-starting interest rate swaps , and treasury locks to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes , to reduce the volatility of our financing costs , and to achieve a desired proportion of fixed rate versus floating-rate debt , based on current and projected market conditions . generally under these swaps , we agree with a counterparty to exchange the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts based on an agreed upon notional principal amount . floating interest rate exposures 2014 floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges , as are all hedges of forecasted issuances of debt . effectiveness is assessed based on either the perfectly effective hypothetical derivative method or changes in the present value of interest payments on the underlying debt . effective gains and losses deferred to aoci are reclassified into earnings over the life of the associated debt . ineffective gains and losses are recorded as net interest . the amount of hedge ineffectiveness was less than $ 1 million in fiscal 2019 , a $ 2.6 million loss in fiscal 2018 , and less than $ 1 million in fiscal 2017 . fixed interest rate exposures 2014 fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges with effectiveness assessed based on changes in the fair value of the underlying debt and derivatives , using
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the net decrease in the 2016 effective tax rate was due , in part , to the 2016 asset impairments in the u.s . and to the current year benefit related to a restructuring of one of our brazilian businesses that increases tax basis in long-term assets . further , the 2015 rate was impacted by the items described below . see note 20 2014asset impairment expense for additional information regarding the 2016 u.s . asset impairments . income tax expense increased $ 101 million , or 27% ( 27 % ) , to $ 472 million in 2015 . the company's effective tax rates were 41% ( 41 % ) and 26% ( 26 % ) for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the net increase in the 2015 effective tax rate was due , in part , to the nondeductible 2015 impairment of goodwill at our u.s . utility , dp&l and chilean withholding taxes offset by the release of valuation allowance at certain of our businesses in brazil , vietnam and the u.s . further , the 2014 rate was impacted by the sale of approximately 45% ( 45 % ) of the company 2019s interest in masin aes pte ltd. , which owns the company 2019s business interests in the philippines and the 2014 sale of the company 2019s interests in four u.k . wind operating projects . neither of these transactions gave rise to income tax expense . see note 15 2014equity for additional information regarding the sale of approximately 45% ( 45 % ) of the company 2019s interest in masin-aes pte ltd . see note 23 2014dispositions for additional information regarding the sale of the company 2019s interests in four u.k . wind operating projects . our effective tax rate reflects the tax effect of significant operations outside the u.s. , which are generally taxed at rates lower than the u.s . statutory rate of 35% ( 35 % ) . a future proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions could impact our periodic effective tax rate . the company also benefits from reduced tax rates in certain countries as a result of satisfying specific commitments regarding employment and capital investment . see note 21 2014income taxes for additional information regarding these reduced rates . foreign currency transaction gains ( losses ) foreign currency transaction gains ( losses ) in millions were as follows: . years ended december 31, | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 ------------------------ | ------------ | ------------ | ------------ aes corporation | $ -50 ( 50 ) | $ -31 ( 31 ) | $ -34 ( 34 ) chile | -9 ( 9 ) | -18 ( 18 ) | -30 ( 30 ) colombia | -8 ( 8 ) | 29 | 17 mexico | -8 ( 8 ) | -6 ( 6 ) | -14 ( 14 ) philippines | 12 | 8 | 11 united kingdom | 13 | 11 | 12 argentina | 37 | 124 | 66 other | -2 ( 2 ) | -10 ( 10 ) | -17 ( 17 ) total ( 1 ) | $ -15 ( 15 ) | $ 107 | $ 11 total ( 1 ) $ ( 15 ) $ 107 $ 11 _____________________________ ( 1 ) includes gains of $ 17 million , $ 247 million and $ 172 million on foreign currency derivative contracts for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the company recognized a net foreign currency transaction loss of $ 15 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 primarily due to losses of $ 50 million at the aes corporation mainly due to remeasurement losses on intercompany notes , and losses on swaps and options . this loss was partially offset by gains of $ 37 million in argentina , mainly due to the favorable impact of foreign currency derivatives related to government receivables . the company recognized a net foreign currency transaction gain of $ 107 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 primarily due to gains of : 2022 $ 124 million in argentina , due to the favorable impact from foreign currency derivatives related to government receivables , partially offset by losses from the devaluation of the argentine peso associated with u.s . dollar denominated debt , and losses at termoandes ( a u.s . dollar functional currency subsidiary ) primarily associated with cash and accounts receivable balances in local currency , 2022 $ 29 million in colombia , mainly due to the depreciation of the colombian peso , positively impacting chivor ( a u.s . dollar functional currency subsidiary ) due to liabilities denominated in colombian pesos , 2022 $ 11 million in the united kingdom , mainly due to the depreciation of the pound sterling , resulting in gains at ballylumford holdings ( a u.s . dollar functional currency subsidiary ) associated with intercompany notes payable denominated in pound sterling , and
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management 2019s discussion and analysis 120 jpmorgan chase & co./2010 annual report wholesale credit portfolio as of december 31 , 2010 , wholesale exposure ( ib , cb , tss and am ) increased by $ 36.9 billion from december 31 , 2009 . the overall increase was primarily driven by increases of $ 23.5 billion in loans and $ 16.8 billion of receivables from customers , partially offset by decreases in interests in purchase receivables and lending-related commitments of $ 2.5 billion and $ 1.1 billion , respectively . the de- crease in lending-related commitments and the increase in loans were primarily related to the january 1 , 2010 , adoption of the accounting guidance related to vies , which resulted in the elimination of a net $ 17.7 billion of lending-related commitments between the firm and its administrated multi-seller conduits upon consolidation . assets of the consolidated conduits included $ 15.1 billion of wholesale loans at january 1 , 2010 . excluding the effect of the accounting guidance , lending-related commitments and loans would have increased by $ 16.6 billion and $ 8.4 billion , respectively , mainly related to in- creased client activity . the increase in loans also included the pur- chase of a $ 3.5 billion loan portfolio in cb during the third quarter of 2010 . the increase of $ 16.8 billion in receivables from customers was due to increased client activity , predominantly in prime services . wholesale . december 31 , ( in millions ) | december 31 , 2010 | december 31 , 2009 | 2010 | 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------ | -------------- loans retained | $ 222510 | $ 200077 | $ 5510 | $ 6559 loans held-for-sale | 3147 | 2734 | 341 | 234 loans at fair value | 1976 | 1364 | 155 | 111 loans 2013 reported | 227633 | 204175 | 6006 | 6904 derivative receivables | 80481 | 80210 | 34 | 529 receivables from customers ( a ) | 32541 | 15745 | 2014 | 2014 interests in purchased receivables ( b ) | 391 | 2927 | 2014 | 2014 total wholesale credit-related assets | 341046 | 303057 | 6040 | 7433 lending-related commitments ( c ) | 346079 | 347155 | 1005 | 1577 total wholesale credit exposure | $ 687125 | $ 650212 | $ 7045 | $ 9010 net credit derivative hedges notional ( d ) | $ -23108 ( 23108 ) | $ -48376 ( 48376 ) | $ -55 ( 55 ) | $ -139 ( 139 ) liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives ( e ) | -16486 ( 16486 ) | -15519 ( 15519 ) | na | na net credit derivative hedges notional ( d ) $ ( 23108 ) $ ( 48376 ) $ ( 55 ) $ ( 139 ) liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives ( e ) ( 16486 ) ( 15519 ) na na ( a ) represents primarily margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers , which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets . ( b ) represents an ownership interest in cash flows of a pool of receivables transferred by a third-party seller into a bankruptcy-remote entity , generally a trust . ( c ) the amounts in nonperforming represent unfunded commitments that are risk rated as nonaccrual . ( d ) represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperform- ing credit exposures ; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under u.s . gaap . for additional information , see credit derivatives on pages 126 2013128 , and note 6 on pages 191 2013199 of this annual report . ( e ) represents other liquid securities collateral and other cash collateral held by the firm . ( f ) excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions . the following table presents summaries of the maturity and ratings profiles of the wholesale portfolio as of december 31 , 2010 and 2009 . the ratings scale is based on the firm 2019s internal risk ratings , which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by s&p and moody 2019s . also included in this table is the notional value of net credit derivative hedges ; the counterparties to these hedges are predominantly investment grade banks and finance companies.
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74 2012 ppg annual report and form 10-k 25 . separation and merger transaction on january , 28 , 2013 , the company completed the previously announced separation of its commodity chemicals business and merger of its wholly-owned subsidiary , eagle spinco inc. , with a subsidiary of georgia gulf corporation in a tax efficient reverse morris trust transaction ( the 201ctransaction 201d ) . pursuant to the merger , eagle spinco , the entity holding ppg's former commodity chemicals business , is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of georgia gulf . the closing of the merger followed the expiration of the related exchange offer and the satisfaction of certain other conditions . the combined company formed by uniting georgia gulf with ppg's former commodity chemicals business is named axiall corporation ( 201caxiall 201d ) . ppg holds no ownership interest in axiall . ppg received the necessary ruling from the internal revenue service and as a result this transaction was generally tax free to ppg and its shareholders . under the terms of the exchange offer , 35249104 shares of eagle spinco common stock were available for distribution in exchange for shares of ppg common stock accepted in the offer . following the merger , each share of eagle spinco common stock automatically converted into the right to receive one share of axiall corporation common stock . accordingly , ppg shareholders who tendered their shares of ppg common stock as part of this offer received 3.2562 shares of axiall common stock for each share of ppg common stock accepted for exchange . ppg was able to accept the maximum of 10825227 shares of ppg common stock for exchange in the offer , and thereby , reduced its outstanding shares by approximately 7% ( 7 % ) . under the terms of the transaction , ppg received $ 900 million of cash and 35.2 million shares of axiall common stock ( market value of $ 1.8 billion on january 25 , 2013 ) which was distributed to ppg shareholders by the exchange offer as described above . the cash consideration is subject to customary post-closing adjustment , including a working capital adjustment . in the transaction , ppg transferred environmental remediation liabilities , defined benefit pension plan assets and liabilities and other post-employment benefit liabilities related to the commodity chemicals business to axiall . ppg will report a gain on the transaction reflecting the excess of the sum of the cash proceeds received and the cost ( closing stock price on january 25 , 2013 ) of the ppg shares tendered and accepted in the exchange for the 35.2 million shares of axiall common stock over the net book value of the net assets of ppg's former commodity chemicals business . the transaction will also result in a net partial settlement loss associated with the spin out and termination of defined benefit pension liabilities and the transfer of other post-retirement benefit liabilities under the terms of the transaction . during 2012 , the company incurred $ 21 million of pretax expense , primarily for professional services , related to the transaction . additional transaction-related expenses will be incurred in 2013 . ppg will report the results of its commodity chemicals business for january 2013 and a net gain on the transaction as results from discontinued operations when it reports its results for the quarter ending march 31 , 2013 . in the ppg results for prior periods , presented for comparative purposes beginning with the first quarter 2013 , the results of its former commodity chemicals business will be reclassified from continuing operations and presented as the results from discontinued operations . the net sales and income before income taxes of the commodity chemicals business that will be reclassified and reported as discontinued operations are presented in the table below for the years ended december 31 , 2012 , 2011 and 2010: . millions | year-ended 2012 | year-ended 2011 | year-ended 2010 -------------------------- | --------------- | --------------- | --------------- net sales | $ 1700 | $ 1741 | $ 1441 income before income taxes | $ 368 | $ 376 | $ 187 income before income taxes for the year ended december 31 , 2012 , 2011 and 2010 is $ 4 million lower , $ 6 million higher and $ 2 million lower , respectively , than segment earnings for the ppg commodity chemicals segment reported for these periods . these differences are due to the inclusion of certain gains , losses and expenses associated with the chlor-alkali and derivatives business that were not reported in the ppg commodity chemicals segment earnings in accordance with the accounting guidance on segment reporting . table of contents notes to the consolidated financial statements
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table of contents notes to consolidated financial statements of american airlines , inc . certificate of incorporation ( the certificate of incorporation ) contains transfer restrictions applicable to certain substantial stockholders . although the purpose of these transfer restrictions is to prevent an ownership change from occurring , there can be no assurance that an ownership change will not occur even with these transfer restrictions . a copy of the certificate of incorporation was attached as exhibit 3.1 to a current report on form 8-k filed by aag with the sec on december 9 , 2013 . reorganization items , net reorganization items refer to revenues , expenses ( including professional fees ) , realized gains and losses and provisions for losses that are realized or incurred in the chapter 11 cases . the following table summarizes the components included in reorganization items , net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended december 31 , 2013 ( in millions ) : december 31 . | december 31 2013 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- labor-related deemed claim ( 1 ) | $ 1733 aircraft and facility financing renegotiations and rejections ( 2 ) ( 3 ) | 320 fair value of conversion discount ( 4 ) | 218 professional fees | 199 other | 170 total reorganization items net | $ 2640 ( 1 ) in exchange for employees 2019 contributions to the successful reorganization , including agreeing to reductions in pay and benefits , american agreed in the plan to provide each employee group a deemed claim , which was used to provide a distribution of a portion of the equity of the reorganized entity to those employees . each employee group received a deemed claim amount based upon a portion of the value of cost savings provided by that group through reductions to pay and benefits as well as through certain work rule changes . the total value of this deemed claim was approximately $ 1.7 billion . ( 2 ) amounts include allowed claims ( claims approved by the bankruptcy court ) and estimated allowed claims relating to ( i ) the rejection or modification of financings related to aircraft and ( ii ) entry of orders treated as unsecured claims with respect to facility agreements supporting certain issuances of special facility revenue bonds . the debtors recorded an estimated claim associated with the rejection or modification of a financing or facility agreement when the applicable motion was filed with the bankruptcy court to reject or modify such financing or facility agreement and the debtors believed that it was probable the motion would be approved , and there was sufficient information to estimate the claim . ( 3 ) pursuant to the plan , the debtors agreed to allow certain post-petition unsecured claims on obligations . as a result , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 , american recorded reorganization charges to adjust estimated allowed claim amounts previously recorded on rejected special facility revenue bonds of $ 180 million , allowed general unsecured claims related to the 1990 and 1994 series of special facility revenue bonds that financed certain improvements at john f . kennedy international airport ( jfk ) , and rejected bonds that financed certain improvements at chicago o 2019hare international airport ( ord ) , which are included in the table above . ( 4 ) the plan allowed unsecured creditors receiving aag series a preferred stock a conversion discount of 3.5% ( 3.5 % ) . accordingly , american recorded the fair value of such discount upon the confirmation of the plan by the bankruptcy court.
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10/27/13 10/26/14 10/25/15 10/30/16 10/29/17 10/28/18 applied materials , inc . s&p 500 rdg semiconductor composite part ii item 5 : market for registrant 2019s common equity , related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities market information applied 2019s common stock is traded on the nasdaq global select market under the symbol amat . as of december 7 , 2018 , there were 2854 registered holders of applied common stock . performance graph the performance graph below shows the five-year cumulative total stockholder return on applied common stock during the period from october 27 , 2013 through october 28 , 2018 . this is compared with the cumulative total return of the standard & poor 2019s 500 stock index and the rdg semiconductor composite index over the same period . the comparison assumes $ 100 was invested on october 27 , 2013 in applied common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends , if any . dollar amounts in the graph are rounded to the nearest whole dollar . the performance shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future performance . comparison of 5 year cumulative total return* among applied materials , inc. , the s&p 500 index and the rdg semiconductor composite index *assumes $ 100 invested on 10/27/13 in stock or 10/31/13 in index , including reinvestment of dividends . indexes calculated on month-end basis . copyright a9 2018 standard & poor 2019s , a division of s&p global . all rights reserved. . | 10/27/2013 | 10/26/2014 | 10/25/2015 | 10/30/2016 | 10/29/2017 | 10/28/2018 --------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- applied materials | 100.00 | 121.04 | 96.67 | 171.69 | 343.16 | 198.27 s&p 500 index | 100.00 | 117.27 | 123.37 | 128.93 | 159.40 | 171.11 rdg semiconductor composite index | 100.00 | 128.42 | 126.26 | 154.41 | 232.29 | 221.61
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in february 2008 , we issued $ 300.0 million of 8.375% ( 8.375 % ) series o cumulative redeemable preferred shares . the indentures ( and related supplemental indentures ) governing our outstanding series of notes also require us to comply with financial ratios and other covenants regarding our operations . we were in compliance with all such covenants as of december 31 , 2007 . sale of real estate assets we utilize sales of real estate assets as an additional source of liquidity . we pursue opportunities to sell real estate assets at favorable prices to capture value created by us as well as to improve the overall quality of our portfolio by recycling sale proceeds into new properties with greater value creation opportunities . uses of liquidity our principal uses of liquidity include the following : 2022 property investments ; 2022 recurring leasing/capital costs ; 2022 dividends and distributions to shareholders and unitholders ; 2022 long-term debt maturities ; and 2022 other contractual obligations property investments we evaluate development and acquisition opportunities based upon market outlook , supply and long-term growth potential . recurring expenditures one of our principal uses of our liquidity is to fund the recurring leasing/capital expenditures of our real estate investments . the following is a summary of our recurring capital expenditures for the years ended december 31 , 2007 , 2006 and 2005 , respectively ( in thousands ) : . | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 ----------------------------- | ------- | ------- | -------- recurring tenant improvements | $ 45296 | $ 41895 | $ 60633 recurring leasing costs | 32238 | 32983 | 33175 building improvements | 8402 | 8122 | 15232 totals | $ 85936 | $ 83000 | $ 109040 dividends and distributions in order to qualify as a reit for federal income tax purposes , we must currently distribute at least 90% ( 90 % ) of our taxable income to shareholders . we paid dividends per share of $ 1.91 , $ 1.89 and $ 1.87 for the years ended december 31 , 2007 , 2006 and 2005 , respectively . we also paid a one-time special dividend of $ 1.05 per share in 2005 as a result of the significant gain realized from an industrial portfolio sale . we expect to continue to distribute taxable earnings to meet the requirements to maintain our reit status . however , distributions are declared at the discretion of our board of directors and are subject to actual cash available for distribution , our financial condition , capital requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant . debt maturities debt outstanding at december 31 , 2007 totaled $ 4.3 billion with a weighted average interest rate of 5.74% ( 5.74 % ) maturing at various dates through 2028 . we had $ 3.2 billion of unsecured notes , $ 546.1 million outstanding on our unsecured lines of credit and $ 524.4 million of secured debt outstanding at december 31 , 2007 . scheduled principal amortization and maturities of such debt totaled $ 249.8 million for the year ended december 31 , 2007 and $ 146.4 million of secured debt was transferred to unconsolidated subsidiaries in connection with the contribution of properties in 2007.
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expected durations of less than one year . the company generally offers a twelve-month warranty for its products . the company 2019s warranty policy provides for replacement of defective products . specific accruals are recorded forff known product warranty issues . transaction price : the transaction price reflects the company 2019s expectations about the consideration it will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts . fixed consideration primarily includes sales to direct customers and sales to distributors in which both the sale to the distributor and the sale to the end customer occur within the same reporting period . variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that the company will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period . such consideration primarily includes credits issued to the distributor due to price protection and sales made to distributors under agreements that allow certain rights of return , referred to as stock rotation . price protection represents price discounts granted to certain distributors to allow the distributor to earn an appropriate margin on sales negotiated with certain customers and in the event of a price decrease subsequent to the date the product was shipped and billed to the distributor . stock rotation allows distributors limited levels of returns in order to reduce the amounts of slow-moving , discontinued or obsolete product from their inventory . a liability for distributor credits covering variable consideration is made based on the company's estimate of historical experience rates as well as considering economic conditions and contractual terms . to date , actual distributor claims activity has been materially consistent with the provisions the company has made based on its historical estimates . for the years ended november 2 , 2019 and november 3 , 2018 , sales to distributors were $ 3.4 billion in both periods , net of variable consideration for which the liability balances as of november 2 , 2019 and november 3 , 2018 were $ 227.0 million and $ 144.9 million , respectively . contract balances : accounts receivable represents the company 2019s unconditional right to receive consideration from its customers . payments are typically due within 30 to 45 days of invoicing and do not include a significant financing component . to date , there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable . there were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets in any of the periods presented . the company generally warrants that products will meet their published specifications and that the company will repair or replace defective products for twelve-months from the date title passes to the customer . specific accruals are recorded for known product warranty issues . product warranty expenses during fiscal 2019 , fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 were not material . o . accumulated other compcc rehensive ( loss ) income accumulated other comprehensive ( loss ) income ( aoci ) includes certain transactions that have generally been reported in the consolidated statement of shareholders 2019 equity . the components of aoci at november 2 , 2019 and november 3 , 2018 consisted of the following , net of tax : foreign currency translation adjustment unrealized holding gains ( losses ) on available for sale securities unrealized holding ( losses ) on derivatives pension plans total . | foreign currency translation adjustment | unrealized holding gains ( losses ) on available for sale securities | unrealized holding gains ( losses ) on derivatives | pension plans | total ------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | -------------------- november 3 2018 | $ -28711 ( 28711 ) | $ -10 ( 10 ) | $ -14355 ( 14355 ) | $ -15364 ( 15364 ) | $ -58440 ( 58440 ) other comprehensive ( loss ) income before reclassifications | -1365 ( 1365 ) | 10 | -140728 ( 140728 ) | -31082 ( 31082 ) | -173165 ( 173165 ) amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive loss | 2014 | 2014 | 9185 | 1004 | 10189 tax effects | 2014 | 2014 | 27883 | 5734 | 33617 other comprehensive ( loss ) income | -1365 ( 1365 ) | 10 | -103660 ( 103660 ) | -24344 ( 24344 ) | -129359 ( 129359 ) november 2 2019 | $ -30076 ( 30076 ) | $ 2014 | $ -118015 ( 118015 ) | $ -39708 ( 39708 ) | $ -187799 ( 187799 ) november 2 , 2019 $ ( 30076 ) $ 2014 $ ( 118015 ) $ ( 39708 ) $ ( 187799 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) analog devices , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued )
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tax returns for 2001 and beyond are open for examination under statute . currently , unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to change significantly over the next 12 months . 19 . stock-based and other management compensation plans in april 2009 , the company approved a global incentive plan which replaces the company 2019s 2004 stock incentive plan . the 2009 global incentive plan ( 201cgip 201d ) enables the compensation committee of the board of directors to award incentive and nonqualified stock options , stock appreciation rights , shares of series a common stock , restricted stock , restricted stock units ( 201crsus 201d ) and incentive bonuses ( which may be paid in cash or stock or a combination thereof ) , any of which may be performance-based , with vesting and other award provisions that provide effective incentive to company employees ( including officers ) , non-management directors and other service providers . under the 2009 gip , the company no longer can grant rsus with the right to participate in dividends or dividend equivalents . the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2009 gip is equal to 5350000 shares plus ( a ) any shares of series a common stock that remain available for issuance under the 2004 stock incentive plan ( 201csip 201d ) ( not including any shares of series a common stock that are subject to outstanding awards under the 2004 sip or any shares of series a common stock that were issued pursuant to awards under the 2004 sip ) and ( b ) any awards under the 2004 stock incentive plan that remain outstanding that cease for any reason to be subject to such awards ( other than by reason of exercise or settlement of the award to the extent that such award is exercised for or settled in vested and non-forfeitable shares ) . as of december 31 , 2010 , total shares available for awards and total shares subject to outstanding awards are as follows : shares available for awards shares subject to outstanding awards . | shares available for awards | shares subject to outstanding awards -------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------ 2009 global incentive plan | 2322450 | 2530454 2004 stock incentive plan | - | 5923147 upon the termination of a participant 2019s employment with the company by reason of death or disability or by the company without cause ( as defined in the respective award agreements ) , an award in amount equal to ( i ) the value of the award granted multiplied by ( ii ) a fraction , ( x ) the numerator of which is the number of full months between grant date and the date of such termination , and ( y ) the denominator of which is the term of the award , such product to be rounded down to the nearest whole number , and reduced by ( iii ) the value of any award that previously vested , shall immediately vest and become payable to the participant . upon the termination of a participant 2019s employment with the company for any other reason , any unvested portion of the award shall be forfeited and cancelled without consideration . there was $ 19 million and $ 0 million of tax benefit realized from stock option exercises and vesting of rsus during the years ended december 31 , 2010 and 2009 , respectively . during the year ended december 31 , 2008 the company reversed $ 8 million of the $ 19 million tax benefit that was realized during the year ended december 31 , 2007 . deferred compensation in april 2007 , certain participants in the company 2019s 2004 deferred compensation plan elected to participate in a revised program , which includes both cash awards and restricted stock units ( see restricted stock units below ) . based on participation in the revised program , the company expensed $ 9 million , $ 10 million and $ 8 million during the years ended december 31 , 2010 , 2009 and 2008 , respectively , related to the revised program and made payments of $ 4 million during the year ended december 31 , 2010 to participants who left the company and $ 28 million to active employees during december 2010 . as of december 31 , 2010 , $ 1 million remains to be paid during 2011 under the revised program . as of december 31 , 2009 , there was no deferred compensation payable remaining associated with the 2004 deferred compensation plan . the company recorded expense related to participants continuing in the 2004 deferred %%transmsg*** transmitting job : d77691 pcn : 132000000 ***%%pcmsg|132 |00011|yes|no|02/09/2011 18:22|0|0|page is valid , no graphics -- color : n|
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the following table provides certain information as of may 31 , 2014 concerning the shares of the company 2019s common stock that may be issued under existing equity compensation plans . for more information on these plans , see note 11 to notes to consolidated financial statements . plan category number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options , warrants and rights weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options , warrants and rights number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans ( excluding securities reflected in column ( a ) ) equity compensation plans approved by security holders 766801 $ 40.85 8945694 equity compensation plans not approved by security holders 2014 2014 2014 . plan category | number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options warrants and rights ( a ) | weighted-average exerciseprice of outstanding options warrants and rights ( b ) | number of securitiesremaining available forfuture issuance under equity compensation plans ( excluding securities reflected in column ( a ) ) ( c ) ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 766801 | $ 40.85 | 8945694 equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 total | 766801 | $ 40.85 | 8945694 the information presented in the table above includes shares of common stock available for issuance other than upon the exercise of an option , warrant or right under the employee stock purchase plan and the 2011 incentive plan . in addition , it includes 977296 shares authorized under the amended and restated 2005 incentive plan and 584004 shares authorized under the 2000 long-term incentive plan . as previously disclosed , we do not intend to issue shares under either the amended and restated 2005 incentive plan or the 2000 long-term incentive plan . item 13 2014 certain relationships and related transactions , and director independence we incorporate by reference in this item 13 the information regarding certain relationships and related transactions between us and our affiliates and the independence of our directors contained under the headings 201ccertain relationships and related transactions 201d and 201cboard independence 201d from our proxy statement to be delivered in connection with our 2014 annual meeting of shareholders . item 14 2014principal accounting fees and services we incorporate by reference in this item 14 the information regarding principal accounting fees and services contained under the heading 201cratification of the reappointment of auditors 201d from our proxy statement to be delivered in connection with our 2014 annual meeting of shareholders.
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property investmentp yrr our overall strategy is to continue to increase our investment in quality industrial properties in both existing and select new markets and to continue to increase our investment in on-campus or hospital affiliated medical offf fice ff properties . pursuant to this strategy , we evaluate development and acquisition opportunities based upon our market yy outlook , including general economic conditions , supply and long-term growth potential . our ability to make future property investments is dependent upon identifying suitable acquisition and development opportunities , and our continued access to our longer-term sources of liquidity , including issuances of debt or equity securities as well asyy generating cash flow by disposing of selected properties . leasing/capital costsg p tenant improvements and lease-related costs pertaining to our initial leasing of newly completed space , or vacant tt space in acquired properties , are referred to as first generation expenditures . such first generation expenditures for tenant improvements are included within "development of real estate investments" in our consolidated statements of cash flows , while such expenditures for lease-related costs are included within "other deferred leasing costs." cash expenditures related to the construction of a building's shell , as well as the associated site improvements , are also included within "development of real estate investments" in our consolidated statements of cash flows . tenant improvements and leasing costs to re-let rental space that we previously leased to tenants are referred to as tt second generation expenditures . building improvements that are not specific to any tenant , but serve to improve integral components of our real estate properties , are also second generation expenditures . one of the principal uses of our liquidity is to fund the second generation leasing/capital expenditures of our real estate investments . the following table summarizes our second generation capital expenditures by type of expenditure , as well as capital expenditures for the development of real estate investments and for other deferred leasing costs ( in thousands ) : . | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 -------------------------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- second generation tenant improvements | $ 24622 | $ 28681 | $ 51699 second generation leasing costs | 27029 | 24471 | 37898 building improvements | 7698 | 8748 | 9224 total second generation capital expenditures | $ 59349 | $ 61900 | $ 98821 development of real estate investments | $ 401442 | $ 370466 | $ 446722 other deferred leasing costs | $ 38410 | $ 30790 | $ 31503 second generation capital expenditures were significantly lower during 2016 and 2015 , compared to 2014 , as the result of significant dispositions of office properties , which were more capital intensive to re-lease than industrial ff properties . we had wholly owned properties under development with an expected cost of ww $ 713.1 million at december 31 , 2016 , compared to projects with an expected cost of $ 599.8 million and $ 470.2 million at december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the capital expenditures in the table above include the capitalization of internal overhead costs . we capitalized ww $ 24.0 million , $ 21.7 million and $ 23.9 million of overhead costs related to leasing activities , including both first and second generation leases , during the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . we ww capitalized $ 25.9 million , $ 23.8 million and $ 28.8 million of overhead costs related to development activities , including both development and tenant improvement projects on first and second generation space , during the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . combined overhead costs capitalized to leasing and development totaled 33.5% ( 33.5 % ) , 29.0% ( 29.0 % ) and 31.4% ( 31.4 % ) of our overall pool of overhead costs at december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . further discussion of the capitalization of overhead costs can be found in the year-to-year comparisons of general and administrative expenses and critical accounting policies sections of this item 7.