conversations
listlengths 2
2
| text
stringlengths 359
4.03k
|
|---|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Graded potentials are temporary changes in what, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimuli?\nA. organic voltage, B. components voltage, C. organism voltage, D. membrane voltage\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 12.25 Graded Potentials Graded potentials are temporary changes in the membrane voltage, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimulus. Some types of stimuli cause depolarization of the membrane, whereas others cause hyperpolarization. It depends on the specific ion channels that are activated in the cell membrane.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Graded potentials are temporary changes in what, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimuli?
A. organic voltage, B. components voltage, C. organism voltage, D. membrane voltage
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 12.25 Graded Potentials Graded potentials are temporary changes in the membrane voltage, the characteristics of which depend on the size of the stimulus. Some types of stimuli cause depolarization of the membrane, whereas others cause hyperpolarization. It depends on the specific ion channels that are activated in the cell membrane.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How many different types of taste neurons does the tongue contain?\nA. four, B. three, C. five, D. ten\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Your sense of taste is controlled by sensory neurons , or nerve cells, on your tongue that sense the chemicals in food. The neurons are grouped in bundles within taste buds . Each taste bud actually has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the receptor cells inside. There are five different types of taste neurons on the tongue. Each type detects a different taste. The tastes are:.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How many different types of taste neurons does the tongue contain?
A. four, B. three, C. five, D. ten
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Your sense of taste is controlled by sensory neurons , or nerve cells, on your tongue that sense the chemicals in food. The neurons are grouped in bundles within taste buds . Each taste bud actually has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the receptor cells inside. There are five different types of taste neurons on the tongue. Each type detects a different taste. The tastes are:.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause what disease?\nA. lyme, B. mad cow, C. Dengue fever, D. malaria\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The ticks are actually very small and may go unnoticed.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause what disease?
A. lyme, B. mad cow, C. Dengue fever, D. malaria
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Deer ticks are vectors for the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The ticks are actually very small and may go unnoticed.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is established by the ph differences between the two sides of the blastoderm cells?\nA. posterior axis, B. proximal axis, C. cylindrical - ventral axis, D. dorsal-ventral axis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is established by the ph differences between the two sides of the blastoderm cells?
A. posterior axis, B. proximal axis, C. cylindrical - ventral axis, D. dorsal-ventral axis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: During metamorphosis, most salamander species go through what aquatic stage on the way to becoming adults?\nA. anaphase, B. larval stage, C. prophase, D. metaphase\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: During metamorphosis, most salamander species go through what aquatic stage on the way to becoming adults?
A. anaphase, B. larval stage, C. prophase, D. metaphase
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated?\nA. conduction, B. dispersion, C. sterilization, D. distillation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In simple distillation, a mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowest temperature. The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a condenser), where it condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is called distillate.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated?
A. conduction, B. dispersion, C. sterilization, D. distillation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In simple distillation, a mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowest temperature. The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a condenser), where it condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is called distillate.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What gas comprises about three-fourths of earth's atmosphere?\nA. nitrogen, B. oxygen, C. carbon dioxide, D. hydrogen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Nitrogen is another common element found in living things. It is needed to form both proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA. Nitrogen gas makes up 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen flows back and forth between the atmosphere and living things. You can see how it happens in Figure below . Several different types of bacteria play major roles in the cycle.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What gas comprises about three-fourths of earth's atmosphere?
A. nitrogen, B. oxygen, C. carbon dioxide, D. hydrogen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Nitrogen is another common element found in living things. It is needed to form both proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA. Nitrogen gas makes up 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen flows back and forth between the atmosphere and living things. You can see how it happens in Figure below . Several different types of bacteria play major roles in the cycle.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to what system?\nA. cardiovascular, B. pulmonary, C. nervous, D. peripheral\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to the cardiovascular system.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to what system?
A. cardiovascular, B. pulmonary, C. nervous, D. peripheral
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The lymphatic system helps return fluid that leaks from the blood vessels back to the cardiovascular system.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Light is energy that travels in the form of what type of wave?\nA. particle, B. seismic, C. electromagnetic, D. molecular\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Light is one type of electromagnetic radiation . Light is energy that travels in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Figure below shows a diagram of an electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic (EM) wave has two parts: an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric and magnetic fields vibrate up and down, which makes the wave.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Light is energy that travels in the form of what type of wave?
A. particle, B. seismic, C. electromagnetic, D. molecular
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Light is one type of electromagnetic radiation . Light is energy that travels in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Figure below shows a diagram of an electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic (EM) wave has two parts: an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric and magnetic fields vibrate up and down, which makes the wave.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Naphthalens is a chemical which is commonly used in what?\nA. mothballs, B. fertilizers, C. inhalers, D. shampoo\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Delocalization of the electrons makes for a more stable molecule than a similar molecule that does not have delocalized electrons. Benzene is a more stable and less reactive compound than straight-chain hexenes. The sp 2 hybridization of the carbon atoms results in a planar molecule as opposed to the puckered structure of cyclohexane. Benzene rings are common in a great number of natural substances and biomolecules. The figure below shows the structural formulas for vanilla and naphthalene. Naphthalens is a chemical which is commonly used in mothballs.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Naphthalens is a chemical which is commonly used in what?
A. mothballs, B. fertilizers, C. inhalers, D. shampoo
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Delocalization of the electrons makes for a more stable molecule than a similar molecule that does not have delocalized electrons. Benzene is a more stable and less reactive compound than straight-chain hexenes. The sp 2 hybridization of the carbon atoms results in a planar molecule as opposed to the puckered structure of cyclohexane. Benzene rings are common in a great number of natural substances and biomolecules. The figure below shows the structural formulas for vanilla and naphthalene. Naphthalens is a chemical which is commonly used in mothballs.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What substances are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands?\nA. acid, B. protein, C. lipids, D. hormones\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What substances are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands?
A. acid, B. protein, C. lipids, D. hormones
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Chlorine and bromine gases released into the atmosphere have helped damage what layer of the atmosphere?\nA. carbon layer, B. polluted layer, C. stratospheric layer, D. ozone layer\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Earth. In humans, this increases skin cancers and eye cataracts. It also disturbs the nitrogen cycle, kills plankton, and disrupts ocean food webs. The total loss of the ozone layer would be devastating to most life. Its rate of loss has slowed with restrictions on pollutants, but it is still at risk.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Chlorine and bromine gases released into the atmosphere have helped damage what layer of the atmosphere?
A. carbon layer, B. polluted layer, C. stratospheric layer, D. ozone layer
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion results in higher levels of UV radiation reaching Earth. In humans, this increases skin cancers and eye cataracts. It also disturbs the nitrogen cycle, kills plankton, and disrupts ocean food webs. The total loss of the ozone layer would be devastating to most life. Its rate of loss has slowed with restrictions on pollutants, but it is still at risk.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which kind of vertebrates are amphibians?\nA. arachnids vertebrates, B. enterococci vertebrates, C. endothermic vertebrates, D. ectothermic vertebrates\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Like fish, amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates. They belong to the class Amphibia. There are three orders:.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which kind of vertebrates are amphibians?
A. arachnids vertebrates, B. enterococci vertebrates, C. endothermic vertebrates, D. ectothermic vertebrates
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Like fish, amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates. They belong to the class Amphibia. There are three orders:.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of forces are involved when deposited rock forms deltas or barrier islands?\nA. matter forces, B. gravity forces, C. accumulation forces, D. constructive forces\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Rivers and streams flow across continents. They cut away at rock, forming river valleys ( Figure below ). These are destructive forces. The bits and pieces of rock carried by rivers are deposited where rivers meet the oceans. These can form deltas, like the Mississippi River delta. They can also form barrier islands, like Padre Island in Texas. Rivers bring sand to the shore, which forms our beaches. These are constructive forces.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of forces are involved when deposited rock forms deltas or barrier islands?
A. matter forces, B. gravity forces, C. accumulation forces, D. constructive forces
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Rivers and streams flow across continents. They cut away at rock, forming river valleys ( Figure below ). These are destructive forces. The bits and pieces of rock carried by rivers are deposited where rivers meet the oceans. These can form deltas, like the Mississippi River delta. They can also form barrier islands, like Padre Island in Texas. Rivers bring sand to the shore, which forms our beaches. These are constructive forces.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this?\nA. backbone or a spinal column, B. neck, C. legs, D. head\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this?
A. backbone or a spinal column, B. neck, C. legs, D. head
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The fluid surrounding cells is hemolymph in insects and other animals with an open type of what system?\nA. lymphatic, B. circulatory, C. pulmonary, D. vascular\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The fluid surrounding cells is hemolymph in insects and other animals with an open type of what system?
A. lymphatic, B. circulatory, C. pulmonary, D. vascular
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Whan an alkene is aquired by an alkyl halide in an organic reaction, what kind of reaction is this?\nA. subtraction, B. extinction, C. migration, D. elimination\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: When an alkene is acquired by an alkyl halide during an organic reaction. An example of elimination reaction.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Whan an alkene is aquired by an alkyl halide in an organic reaction, what kind of reaction is this?
A. subtraction, B. extinction, C. migration, D. elimination
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: When an alkene is acquired by an alkyl halide during an organic reaction. An example of elimination reaction.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the process by which undigested food leaves the body?\nA. peristalsis, B. egestion, C. digestion, D. glycolysis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the process by which undigested food leaves the body?
A. peristalsis, B. egestion, C. digestion, D. glycolysis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Because of its composition, oil does not do what in water?\nA. form, B. explode, C. dissolve, D. separate\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Because of its composition, oil does not do what in water?
A. form, B. explode, C. dissolve, D. separate
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Linked genes are located on the same what?\nA. nucleolus, B. bacterium, C. genome, D. chromosome\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called linked genes . Alleles for these genes tend to segregate together during meiosis, unless they are separated by crossing-over. Crossing-over occurs when two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis I. The closer together two genes are on a chromosome, the less likely their alleles will be separated by crossing-over. At the following link, you can watch an animation showing how genes on the same chromosome may be separated by crossing-over: http://www. biostudio. com/d_%20Meiotic%20Recombination%20Between%20Linked%20Genes. htm .\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Linked genes are located on the same what?
A. nucleolus, B. bacterium, C. genome, D. chromosome
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called linked genes . Alleles for these genes tend to segregate together during meiosis, unless they are separated by crossing-over. Crossing-over occurs when two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis I. The closer together two genes are on a chromosome, the less likely their alleles will be separated by crossing-over. At the following link, you can watch an animation showing how genes on the same chromosome may be separated by crossing-over: http://www. biostudio. com/d_%20Meiotic%20Recombination%20Between%20Linked%20Genes. htm .
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What move the body by contracting against the skeleton?\nA. tissues, B. nerves, C. hormones, D. muscles\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Muscles move the body by contracting against the skeleton.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What move the body by contracting against the skeleton?
A. tissues, B. nerves, C. hormones, D. muscles
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Muscles move the body by contracting against the skeleton.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In what energy industry process are fluids pumped through a borehole, creating fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas?\nA. oil wells, B. grinding, C. strip mining, D. fracking\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: With fracking, fluids are pumped through a borehole. The fluids create fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas. Chemicals in the fluid prevent the fractures from closing. The natural gas can then be pumped to the surface.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In what energy industry process are fluids pumped through a borehole, creating fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas?
A. oil wells, B. grinding, C. strip mining, D. fracking
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: With fracking, fluids are pumped through a borehole. The fluids create fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas. Chemicals in the fluid prevent the fractures from closing. The natural gas can then be pumped to the surface.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity?\nA. calorie, B. gravity, C. bouncy, D. geiger\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A Geiger counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity. A tube is filled with an inert gas, which will conduct electricity when radiation enters it. When a charged particle comes into the tube, it changes the electrical potential between the anode and the cathode. This change in potential in the tube produces a change in voltage in the electrical circuit and registers as a count. Geiger counters are fairly inexpensive and reliable, so they are useful in a wide range of applications. More complicated types of counters are also available, but are generally used in sophisticated experiments.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity?
A. calorie, B. gravity, C. bouncy, D. geiger
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A Geiger counter provides a sensitive means of detecting radioactivity. A tube is filled with an inert gas, which will conduct electricity when radiation enters it. When a charged particle comes into the tube, it changes the electrical potential between the anode and the cathode. This change in potential in the tube produces a change in voltage in the electrical circuit and registers as a count. Geiger counters are fairly inexpensive and reliable, so they are useful in a wide range of applications. More complicated types of counters are also available, but are generally used in sophisticated experiments.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do stored fats provide our body with for later use?\nA. metals, B. energy, C. hydrogen, D. water\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Fats are one type of lipid. Stored fat gives your body energy to use for later. It’s like having money in a savings account: it’s there in case you need it. Stored fat also cushions and protects internal organs. In addition, it insulates the body. It helps keep you warm in cold weather.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do stored fats provide our body with for later use?
A. metals, B. energy, C. hydrogen, D. water
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Fats are one type of lipid. Stored fat gives your body energy to use for later. It’s like having money in a savings account: it’s there in case you need it. Stored fat also cushions and protects internal organs. In addition, it insulates the body. It helps keep you warm in cold weather.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What long molecules are composed of chains of units called monomers?\nA. microbes, B. drummers, C. complexes, D. polymers\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Polymers are long molecules composed of chains of units called monomers.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What long molecules are composed of chains of units called monomers?
A. microbes, B. drummers, C. complexes, D. polymers
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Polymers are long molecules composed of chains of units called monomers.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where does an object gain or lose it's energy to during travel through a potential difference?\nA. wave field, B. particle field, C. electric field, D. magnetic field\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The energy that the object gains or loses when traveling through a potential difference is supplied (or absorbed) by the electric field --- there is nothing else there. Therefore, it follows that electric fields contain energy .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where does an object gain or lose it's energy to during travel through a potential difference?
A. wave field, B. particle field, C. electric field, D. magnetic field
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The energy that the object gains or loses when traveling through a potential difference is supplied (or absorbed) by the electric field --- there is nothing else there. Therefore, it follows that electric fields contain energy .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where do biochemical reactions take place?\nA. outside of cells, B. inside the organisms' cells, C. in atoms, D. between cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where do biochemical reactions take place?
A. outside of cells, B. inside the organisms' cells, C. in atoms, D. between cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released in what form?\nA. precipitation, B. humidity, C. heat, D. carbon dioxide\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released as heat. Some of this heat can be used to do work. Heat cooks food or warms your house. Sometimes the heat is just waste heat. It still heats the environment, though.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released in what form?
A. precipitation, B. humidity, C. heat, D. carbon dioxide
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released as heat. Some of this heat can be used to do work. Heat cooks food or warms your house. Sometimes the heat is just waste heat. It still heats the environment, though.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How are voltmeters placed in the circuit?\nA. in parallel, B. not parallel, C. since parallel, D. after parallel\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How are voltmeters placed in the circuit?
A. in parallel, B. not parallel, C. since parallel, D. after parallel
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence?\nA. speculation, B. skepticism, C. conspiracy, D. independent variable\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Skepticism is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence. Scientific skepticism , also referred to as skeptical inquiry, questions claims based on their scientific verifiability rather than simply accepting claims based on faith or anecdotes. Scientific skepticism uses critical thinking to analyze such claims and opposes claims which lack scientific evidence.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence?
A. speculation, B. skepticism, C. conspiracy, D. independent variable
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Skepticism is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence. Scientific skepticism , also referred to as skeptical inquiry, questions claims based on their scientific verifiability rather than simply accepting claims based on faith or anecdotes. Scientific skepticism uses critical thinking to analyze such claims and opposes claims which lack scientific evidence.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are considered what kind of preventable diseases?\nA. atmosphere diseases, B. lifestyle diseases, C. environmental diseases, D. age diseases\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Regular physical exercise is important in preventing lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also improves the health of the muscular system. Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are considered what kind of preventable diseases?
A. atmosphere diseases, B. lifestyle diseases, C. environmental diseases, D. age diseases
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Regular physical exercise is important in preventing lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also improves the health of the muscular system. Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What process is the primary function of the branching internal tubules called protonephridia?\nA. osmoregulation, B. calcification, C. enculturation, D. thermoregulation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What process is the primary function of the branching internal tubules called protonephridia?
A. osmoregulation, B. calcification, C. enculturation, D. thermoregulation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which law means that the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct?\nA. Law of Conservation, B. law of parsimony, C. Murphy's Law, D. Newton's law\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. According to this law, the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which law means that the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct?
A. Law of Conservation, B. law of parsimony, C. Murphy's Law, D. Newton's law
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. According to this law, the simplest of competing theories is most likely to be correct.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Iron will do what when it is exposed to oxygen and water?\nA. rust, B. contract, C. expand, D. become hot\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Perhaps the most familiar example of corrosion is the formation of rust on iron. Iron will rust when it is exposed to oxygen and water. The main steps in the rusting of iron appear to involve the following (Figure 17.17). Once exposed to the atmosphere, iron rapidly oxidizes. anode: Fe(s) ⟶ Fe 2+(aq) + 2e −.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Iron will do what when it is exposed to oxygen and water?
A. rust, B. contract, C. expand, D. become hot
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Perhaps the most familiar example of corrosion is the formation of rust on iron. Iron will rust when it is exposed to oxygen and water. The main steps in the rusting of iron appear to involve the following (Figure 17.17). Once exposed to the atmosphere, iron rapidly oxidizes. anode: Fe(s) ⟶ Fe 2+(aq) + 2e −.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: About how many days does it take the moon to make one orbit around the earth?\nA. 28, B. 30, C. 22, D. 21\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The Moon does not produce any light of its own. It only reflects light from the Sun. The Moon has phases because it orbits around Earth. One orbit takes about 28 days. As the moon moves around Earth, different parts of it appear to be lit up by the Sun. The Moon sometimes appears fully lit and sometimes completely dark. Sometimes it is partially lit. The different appearances of the Moon are referred to as phases of the Moon ( Figure below ).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: About how many days does it take the moon to make one orbit around the earth?
A. 28, B. 30, C. 22, D. 21
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The Moon does not produce any light of its own. It only reflects light from the Sun. The Moon has phases because it orbits around Earth. One orbit takes about 28 days. As the moon moves around Earth, different parts of it appear to be lit up by the Sun. The Moon sometimes appears fully lit and sometimes completely dark. Sometimes it is partially lit. The different appearances of the Moon are referred to as phases of the Moon ( Figure below ).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses lenses of what shape?\nA. angular, B. convex, C. concave, D. cylindrical\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses two convex lenses and is shown in Figure 26.23(b). The object is so far away from the telescope that it is essentially at infinity compared with the focal lengths of the lenses ( d o ≈ ∞ ). The first image is thus produced at.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses lenses of what shape?
A. angular, B. convex, C. concave, D. cylindrical
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses two convex lenses and is shown in Figure 26.23(b). The object is so far away from the telescope that it is essentially at infinity compared with the focal lengths of the lenses ( d o ≈ ∞ ). The first image is thus produced at.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what?\nA. fluxes, B. hexoses, C. structoxes, D. alucoxes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 3.5 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses. They are structural isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but a different arrangement of atoms.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what?
A. fluxes, B. hexoses, C. structoxes, D. alucoxes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 3.5 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses. They are structural isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but a different arrangement of atoms.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which property can you study by comparing the mass of an object relative to its size?\nA. density, B. motion, C. weight, D. volume\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A golf ball and a table tennis ball are about the same size. However, the golf ball is much heavier than the table tennis ball. Now imagine a similar size ball made out of lead. That would be very heavy indeed! What are we comparing? By comparing the mass of an object relative to its size, we are studying a property called density. Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which property can you study by comparing the mass of an object relative to its size?
A. density, B. motion, C. weight, D. volume
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A golf ball and a table tennis ball are about the same size. However, the golf ball is much heavier than the table tennis ball. Now imagine a similar size ball made out of lead. That would be very heavy indeed! What are we comparing? By comparing the mass of an object relative to its size, we are studying a property called density. Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term means the percent by mass of each element in a compound?\nA. percent composition, B. mass composition, C. calculated composition, D. molecular composition\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Chemists often need to know what elements are present in a compound and in what percentage. The percent composition is the percent by mass of each element in a compound. It is calculated in a similar way that we just indicated for the peanut butter.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term means the percent by mass of each element in a compound?
A. percent composition, B. mass composition, C. calculated composition, D. molecular composition
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Chemists often need to know what elements are present in a compound and in what percentage. The percent composition is the percent by mass of each element in a compound. It is calculated in a similar way that we just indicated for the peanut butter.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The combined gas law involves three properties of a gas - volume, absolute temperature, and what?\nA. power, B. direction, C. time, D. pressure\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: To this point, we have examined the relationships between any two of the variables of , , and , while the third variable is held constant. However, situations arise where all three variables change. The combined gas law expresses the relationship between the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a fixed amount of gas. For a combined gas law problem, only the amount of gas is held constant.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The combined gas law involves three properties of a gas - volume, absolute temperature, and what?
A. power, B. direction, C. time, D. pressure
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: To this point, we have examined the relationships between any two of the variables of , , and , while the third variable is held constant. However, situations arise where all three variables change. The combined gas law expresses the relationship between the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a fixed amount of gas. For a combined gas law problem, only the amount of gas is held constant.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions?\nA. integral bond, B. magnetic bond, C. electron bond, D. ionic bond\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. The Figure below shows how this happens.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions?
A. integral bond, B. magnetic bond, C. electron bond, D. ionic bond
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. The Figure below shows how this happens.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for what?\nA. oxygen, B. glucose, C. chloride, D. phosphate\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 39.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits that surround an iron-containing heme group. Oxygen readily binds this heme group. The ability of oxygen to bind increases as more oxygen molecules are bound to heme. Disease states and altered conditions in the body can affect the binding ability of oxygen, and increase or decrease its ability to dissociate from hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into + + carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO− 3 ) and H . The H ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift. Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for what?
A. oxygen, B. glucose, C. chloride, D. phosphate
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 39.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits that surround an iron-containing heme group. Oxygen readily binds this heme group. The ability of oxygen to bind increases as more oxygen molecules are bound to heme. Disease states and altered conditions in the body can affect the binding ability of oxygen, and increase or decrease its ability to dissociate from hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into + + carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO− 3 ) and H . The H ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift. Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is defined as an organism in the earliest stages of development?\nA. a zygote, B. a gamete, C. an nucleus, D. an embryo\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An embryo is an organism in the earliest stages of development. Embryos of different species may look quite similar, even when the adult forms look very different. Look at the drawings of embryos in Figure below . They represent very early life stages of a chicken, turtle, pig, and human being. The embryos look so similar that it’s hard to tell them apart. Such similarities provide evidence that all four types of animals are related. They help document that evolution has occurred.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is defined as an organism in the earliest stages of development?
A. a zygote, B. a gamete, C. an nucleus, D. an embryo
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An embryo is an organism in the earliest stages of development. Embryos of different species may look quite similar, even when the adult forms look very different. Look at the drawings of embryos in Figure below . They represent very early life stages of a chicken, turtle, pig, and human being. The embryos look so similar that it’s hard to tell them apart. Such similarities provide evidence that all four types of animals are related. They help document that evolution has occurred.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Microevolution occuring and taking place over many generations results in?\nA. microinjection, B. macroevolution, C. fission, D. recalibration\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. The fossil record reflects this level of evolution. It results from microevolution taking place over many generations.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Microevolution occuring and taking place over many generations results in?
A. microinjection, B. macroevolution, C. fission, D. recalibration
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. The fossil record reflects this level of evolution. It results from microevolution taking place over many generations.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do craters and rifts become when they fill with water?\nA. rivers, B. seas, C. streams, D. lakes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Left: Indrik myneur; Right: Courtesy of UNEP/GRID. Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water . Left: CC BY 2.0; Right: Non-copyrighted and available for free use.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do craters and rifts become when they fill with water?
A. rivers, B. seas, C. streams, D. lakes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Left: Indrik myneur; Right: Courtesy of UNEP/GRID. Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water . Left: CC BY 2.0; Right: Non-copyrighted and available for free use.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system?\nA. sensitive nervous system, B. auxiliary nervous system, C. respiratory system, D. peripheral nervous system\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. For example, it carries messages about images from the eyes to the brain. Once the messages reach the brain, the brain interprets the information.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system?
A. sensitive nervous system, B. auxiliary nervous system, C. respiratory system, D. peripheral nervous system
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. For example, it carries messages about images from the eyes to the brain. Once the messages reach the brain, the brain interprets the information.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What disease is described as a respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and a feeling of constriction in the chest?\nA. dementia, B. inflammation, C. indigestion, D. asthma\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Respiratory system disorders are directly related to air pollution. These disorders have severe effects on human health, some leading to death directly related to air pollution. Air pollution related respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Bronchitis is inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes of the lungs. Emphysema is a deadly lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs and destruction of the lung tissue. Additional lung and heart diseases are also related to air pollution, as are respiratory allergies.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What disease is described as a respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and a feeling of constriction in the chest?
A. dementia, B. inflammation, C. indigestion, D. asthma
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Respiratory system disorders are directly related to air pollution. These disorders have severe effects on human health, some leading to death directly related to air pollution. Air pollution related respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Bronchitis is inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes of the lungs. Emphysema is a deadly lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs and destruction of the lung tissue. Additional lung and heart diseases are also related to air pollution, as are respiratory allergies.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is used to darken images of the sky?\nA. neutral density filter, B. close-up filter, C. polarizing filters, D. uv filter\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Photographs of the sky can be darkened by polarizing filters, a trick used by many photographers to make clouds brighter by contrast. Scattering from other particles, such as smoke or dust, can also polarize light. Detecting polarization in scattered EM waves can be a useful analytical tool in determining the scattering source. There is a range of optical effects used in sunglasses. Besides being Polaroid, other sunglasses have colored pigments embedded in them, while others use non-reflective or even reflective coatings. A recent development is photochromic lenses, which darken in the sunlight and become clear indoors. Photochromic lenses are embedded with organic microcrystalline molecules that change their properties when exposed to UV in sunlight, but become clear in artificial lighting with no UV. Take-Home Experiment: Polarization Find Polaroid sunglasses and rotate one while holding the other still and look at different surfaces and objects. Explain your observations. What is the difference in angle from when you see a maximum intensity to when you see a minimum intensity? Find a reflective glass surface and do the same. At what angle does the glass need to be oriented to give minimum glare?.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is used to darken images of the sky?
A. neutral density filter, B. close-up filter, C. polarizing filters, D. uv filter
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Photographs of the sky can be darkened by polarizing filters, a trick used by many photographers to make clouds brighter by contrast. Scattering from other particles, such as smoke or dust, can also polarize light. Detecting polarization in scattered EM waves can be a useful analytical tool in determining the scattering source. There is a range of optical effects used in sunglasses. Besides being Polaroid, other sunglasses have colored pigments embedded in them, while others use non-reflective or even reflective coatings. A recent development is photochromic lenses, which darken in the sunlight and become clear indoors. Photochromic lenses are embedded with organic microcrystalline molecules that change their properties when exposed to UV in sunlight, but become clear in artificial lighting with no UV. Take-Home Experiment: Polarization Find Polaroid sunglasses and rotate one while holding the other still and look at different surfaces and objects. Explain your observations. What is the difference in angle from when you see a maximum intensity to when you see a minimum intensity? Find a reflective glass surface and do the same. At what angle does the glass need to be oriented to give minimum glare?.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A tumor of what gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone?\nA. pituitary gland, B. Pancreas, C. tissues gland, D. Parathyroid\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hypersecretion by an endocrine gland is often caused by a tumor. For example, a tumor of the pituitary gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone. If this occurs in childhood, it results in very long arms and legs and abnormally tall stature by adulthood. The condition is commonly known as gigantism (see Figure below ).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A tumor of what gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone?
A. pituitary gland, B. Pancreas, C. tissues gland, D. Parathyroid
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hypersecretion by an endocrine gland is often caused by a tumor. For example, a tumor of the pituitary gland can cause hypersecretion of growth hormone. If this occurs in childhood, it results in very long arms and legs and abnormally tall stature by adulthood. The condition is commonly known as gigantism (see Figure below ).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels where?\nA. to the heart, B. to the lungs, C. to the brain, D. to the kidneys\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels to the heart. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood into arteries, which carry it throughout the body. Eventually, the blood travels into capillaries that supply body tissues. These capillaries are called peripheral capillaries .\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels where?
A. to the heart, B. to the lungs, C. to the brain, D. to the kidneys
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: After the blood in the pulmonary capillaries becomes saturated with oxygen, it leaves the lungs and travels to the heart. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood into arteries, which carry it throughout the body. Eventually, the blood travels into capillaries that supply body tissues. These capillaries are called peripheral capillaries .
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or this?\nA. fluid, B. crystal, C. gas, D. ice\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or gas. A phase change is a physical process in which a substance goes from one phase to another. Usually the change occurs when adding or removing heat at a particular temperature, known as the melting point or the boiling point of the substance. The melting point is the temperature at which the substance goes from a solid to a liquid (or from a liquid to a solid). The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance goes from a liquid to a gas (or from a gas to a liquid). The nature of the phase change depends on the direction of the heat transfer. Heat going into a substance changes it from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas. Removing heat from a substance changes a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid. Two key points are worth emphasizing. First, at a substance’s melting point or boiling point, two phases can exist simultaneously. Take water (H2O) as an example. On the Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or this?
A. fluid, B. crystal, C. gas, D. ice
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or gas. A phase change is a physical process in which a substance goes from one phase to another. Usually the change occurs when adding or removing heat at a particular temperature, known as the melting point or the boiling point of the substance. The melting point is the temperature at which the substance goes from a solid to a liquid (or from a liquid to a solid). The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance goes from a liquid to a gas (or from a gas to a liquid). The nature of the phase change depends on the direction of the heat transfer. Heat going into a substance changes it from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas. Removing heat from a substance changes a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid. Two key points are worth emphasizing. First, at a substance’s melting point or boiling point, two phases can exist simultaneously. Take water (H2O) as an example. On the Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What celestial bodies are classified by color and temperature, ranging from blue to red and hottest to coolest?\nA. astroids, B. planets, C. galaxies, D. stars\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Stars are classified by color and temperature. The most common system uses the letters O (blue), B (blue-white), A (white), F (yellow-white), G (yellow), K (orange), and M (red), from hottest to coolest.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What celestial bodies are classified by color and temperature, ranging from blue to red and hottest to coolest?
A. astroids, B. planets, C. galaxies, D. stars
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Stars are classified by color and temperature. The most common system uses the letters O (blue), B (blue-white), A (white), F (yellow-white), G (yellow), K (orange), and M (red), from hottest to coolest.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What carries small pollen grains farther than they otherwise would go?\nA. wind, B. birds, C. humidity, D. steam\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What carries small pollen grains farther than they otherwise would go?
A. wind, B. birds, C. humidity, D. steam
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do rocket-based systems use to propel itself into space?\nA. nuclear reactions, B. water reactions, C. chemical reactions, D. hydrogen reactions\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The space shuttle—and any other rocket-based system—uses chemical reactions to propel itself into space and maneuver itself when it gets into orbit. The rockets that lift the orbiter are of two different types. The three main engines are powered by reacting liquid hydrogen with liquid oxygen to generate water. Then there are the two solid rocket boosters, which use a solid fuel mixture that contains mainly ammonium perchlorate and powdered aluminum. The chemical reaction between these substances produces aluminum oxide, water, nitrogen gas, and hydrogen chloride. Although the solid rocket boosters each have a significantly lower mass than the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen tanks, they provide over 80% of the lift needed to put the shuttle into orbit—all because of chemical reactions.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do rocket-based systems use to propel itself into space?
A. nuclear reactions, B. water reactions, C. chemical reactions, D. hydrogen reactions
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The space shuttle—and any other rocket-based system—uses chemical reactions to propel itself into space and maneuver itself when it gets into orbit. The rockets that lift the orbiter are of two different types. The three main engines are powered by reacting liquid hydrogen with liquid oxygen to generate water. Then there are the two solid rocket boosters, which use a solid fuel mixture that contains mainly ammonium perchlorate and powdered aluminum. The chemical reaction between these substances produces aluminum oxide, water, nitrogen gas, and hydrogen chloride. Although the solid rocket boosters each have a significantly lower mass than the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen tanks, they provide over 80% of the lift needed to put the shuttle into orbit—all because of chemical reactions.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation?\nA. isosensitivity, B. monosensitivity, C. hypersensitivity, D. hyposensitivity\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hypersensitivities The word “hypersensitivity” simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation. Allergies and inflammatory responses to nonpathogenic environmental substances have been observed since the dawn of history. Hypersensitivity is a medical term describing symptoms that are now known to be caused by unrelated mechanisms of immunity. Still, it is useful for this discussion to use the four types of hypersensitivities as a guide to understand these mechanisms (Figure 21.28).\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation?
A. isosensitivity, B. monosensitivity, C. hypersensitivity, D. hyposensitivity
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hypersensitivities The word “hypersensitivity” simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation. Allergies and inflammatory responses to nonpathogenic environmental substances have been observed since the dawn of history. Hypersensitivity is a medical term describing symptoms that are now known to be caused by unrelated mechanisms of immunity. Still, it is useful for this discussion to use the four types of hypersensitivities as a guide to understand these mechanisms (Figure 21.28).
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are secreted near capillaries at the base of the what?\nA. hypothalamus, B. pancreas, C. lungs, D. hippocampus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are secreted near capillaries at the base of the what?
A. hypothalamus, B. pancreas, C. lungs, D. hippocampus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A microscope can be made from two of what kind of lenses?\nA. inner, B. outer, C. convex, D. angular\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 26.4 Microscopes Although the eye is marvelous in its ability to see objects large and small, it obviously has limitations to the smallest details it can detect. Human desire to see beyond what is possible with the naked eye led to the use of optical instruments. In this section we will examine microscopes, instruments for enlarging the detail that we cannot see with the unaided eye. The microscope is a multiple-element system having more than a single lens or mirror. (See Figure 26.15) A microscope can be made from two convex lenses. The image formed by the first element becomes the object for the second element. The second element forms its own image, which is the object for the third element, and so on. Ray tracing helps to visualize the image formed. If the device is composed of thin lenses and mirrors that obey the thin lens equations, then it is not difficult to describe their behavior numerically.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A microscope can be made from two of what kind of lenses?
A. inner, B. outer, C. convex, D. angular
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 26.4 Microscopes Although the eye is marvelous in its ability to see objects large and small, it obviously has limitations to the smallest details it can detect. Human desire to see beyond what is possible with the naked eye led to the use of optical instruments. In this section we will examine microscopes, instruments for enlarging the detail that we cannot see with the unaided eye. The microscope is a multiple-element system having more than a single lens or mirror. (See Figure 26.15) A microscope can be made from two convex lenses. The image formed by the first element becomes the object for the second element. The second element forms its own image, which is the object for the third element, and so on. Ray tracing helps to visualize the image formed. If the device is composed of thin lenses and mirrors that obey the thin lens equations, then it is not difficult to describe their behavior numerically.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What produces almost one-half of the earth's oxygen through photosynthesis?\nA. prokaryotes, B. arthropods, C. protists, D. algae\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Humans could not live on Earth if it were not for protists. Why? Plant-like protists produce almost one-half of the oxygen on the planet through photosynthesis. Other protists decompose and recycle nutrients that humans need to live. All protists make up a huge part of the food chain.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What produces almost one-half of the earth's oxygen through photosynthesis?
A. prokaryotes, B. arthropods, C. protists, D. algae
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Humans could not live on Earth if it were not for protists. Why? Plant-like protists produce almost one-half of the oxygen on the planet through photosynthesis. Other protists decompose and recycle nutrients that humans need to live. All protists make up a huge part of the food chain.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is said to occur when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring?\nA. xenophobia, B. pollenation, C. codominance, D. identical twins\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: What happens when there are two alleles in a heterozygote and neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive? Can both traits appear in the phenotype? Essentially, yes they can. Can there be two dominant alleles for the same gene? Codominance occurs when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring. For example, roan shorthorn cattle have codominant genes for hair color. The coat has both red and white hairs; not pink hairs, but red AND white hairs. The letter R indicates red hair color, and R’ white hair color. In cases of codominance, the genotype of the organism can be determined from its phenotype. The heifer in Figure below shows both coat colors and therefore is RR’ heterozygous for coat color. The flower in Figure below also has two codominant alleles; it has red and white petals, not pink petals. Both colors appear in the phenotype.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is said to occur when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring?
A. xenophobia, B. pollenation, C. codominance, D. identical twins
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: What happens when there are two alleles in a heterozygote and neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive? Can both traits appear in the phenotype? Essentially, yes they can. Can there be two dominant alleles for the same gene? Codominance occurs when both traits appear in a heterozygous offspring. For example, roan shorthorn cattle have codominant genes for hair color. The coat has both red and white hairs; not pink hairs, but red AND white hairs. The letter R indicates red hair color, and R’ white hair color. In cases of codominance, the genotype of the organism can be determined from its phenotype. The heifer in Figure below shows both coat colors and therefore is RR’ heterozygous for coat color. The flower in Figure below also has two codominant alleles; it has red and white petals, not pink petals. Both colors appear in the phenotype.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of response do signal transductions within target cells bring about?\nA. physiological, B. bacterial, C. psychological, D. resporatory\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of response do signal transductions within target cells bring about?
A. physiological, B. bacterial, C. psychological, D. resporatory
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What happens to meteors as they fall through the mesosphere?\nA. they grow, B. they stop suddenly, C. they burn, D. they bounce\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Did you ever see a meteor shower, like the one in Figure below ? Meteors burn as they fall through the mesosphere. The space rocks experience friction with the gas molecules. The friction makes the meteors get very hot. Many meteors burn up completely in the mesosphere.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What happens to meteors as they fall through the mesosphere?
A. they grow, B. they stop suddenly, C. they burn, D. they bounce
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Did you ever see a meteor shower, like the one in Figure below ? Meteors burn as they fall through the mesosphere. The space rocks experience friction with the gas molecules. The friction makes the meteors get very hot. Many meteors burn up completely in the mesosphere.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the three main types of rocks?\nA. crystalline , igneous and metamorphic, B. sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic, C. plutonic, igneous and metmorphic, D. limestone , igneous and metamorphic\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A geologic map shows the different rocks that are exposed at the surface of a region. Rock units are shown in a color identified in a key. On the geologic map of the Grand Canyon, for example, different rock types are shown in different colors. Some people call the Grand Canyon “layer cake geology“ because most of the rock units are in layers. Rock units show up on both sides of a stream valley.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the three main types of rocks?
A. crystalline , igneous and metamorphic, B. sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic, C. plutonic, igneous and metmorphic, D. limestone , igneous and metamorphic
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A geologic map shows the different rocks that are exposed at the surface of a region. Rock units are shown in a color identified in a key. On the geologic map of the Grand Canyon, for example, different rock types are shown in different colors. Some people call the Grand Canyon “layer cake geology“ because most of the rock units are in layers. Rock units show up on both sides of a stream valley.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the only continent without amphibians?\nA. Australia, B. Europe, C. antarctica, D. Africa\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Amphibians can be found in freshwater and moist terrestrial habitats throughout the world. The only continent without amphibians is Antarctica. Amphibians are especially numerous in temperate lakes and ponds and in tropical rainforests.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the only continent without amphibians?
A. Australia, B. Europe, C. antarctica, D. Africa
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Amphibians can be found in freshwater and moist terrestrial habitats throughout the world. The only continent without amphibians is Antarctica. Amphibians are especially numerous in temperate lakes and ponds and in tropical rainforests.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A hair grows out of a follicle and passes through what before extending above the skin surface?\nA. cartilage, B. callus, C. epidermis, D. dermis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hair follicles are structures where hairs originate. Each hair grows out of a follicle, passes up through the epidermis, and extends above the skin surface.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A hair grows out of a follicle and passes through what before extending above the skin surface?
A. cartilage, B. callus, C. epidermis, D. dermis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hair follicles are structures where hairs originate. Each hair grows out of a follicle, passes up through the epidermis, and extends above the skin surface.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane and help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food?\nA. microvilli, B. tentacles, C. flagella, D. sporangia\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Flagella ( flagellum , singular) are long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can have flagella. Flagella help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food. The flagella of eukaryotic cells are normally used for movement too, such as in the movement of sperm cells, which have only a single flagellum. The flagella of either group are very different from each other. Prokaryotic flagella, shown in Figure below , are spiral-shaped and stiff. They spin around in a fixed base much like a screw does, which moves the cell in a tumbling fashion. Eukaryotic flagella are made of microtubules that bend and flex like a whip.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane and help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food?
A. microvilli, B. tentacles, C. flagella, D. sporangia
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Flagella ( flagellum , singular) are long, thin structures that protrude from the cell membrane. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can have flagella. Flagella help single-celled organisms move or swim towards food. The flagella of eukaryotic cells are normally used for movement too, such as in the movement of sperm cells, which have only a single flagellum. The flagella of either group are very different from each other. Prokaryotic flagella, shown in Figure below , are spiral-shaped and stiff. They spin around in a fixed base much like a screw does, which moves the cell in a tumbling fashion. Eukaryotic flagella are made of microtubules that bend and flex like a whip.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the unit of evolution?\nA. the cell, B. dna, C. the population, D. a phylum\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The population is the unit of evolution.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the unit of evolution?
A. the cell, B. dna, C. the population, D. a phylum
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The population is the unit of evolution.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What occurs where the water motion slows?\nA. deposition, B. vapor, C. erosion, D. diffusion\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Longshore drift continually moves sand along the shore. Deposition occurs where the water motion slows. The smallest particles, such as silt and clay, are deposited away from shore. This is where the water is calmer. Larger particles are deposited onshore. This is where waves and other motions are strongest.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What occurs where the water motion slows?
A. deposition, B. vapor, C. erosion, D. diffusion
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Longshore drift continually moves sand along the shore. Deposition occurs where the water motion slows. The smallest particles, such as silt and clay, are deposited away from shore. This is where the water is calmer. Larger particles are deposited onshore. This is where waves and other motions are strongest.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the?\nA. field vector, B. track vector, C. gravity vector, D. position vector\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Since the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the field vector (check this using the second right hand rule above), a constant magnetic field will provide a centripetal force --- that is, a constant force that is always directed perpendicular to the direction of motion. Two such force/velocity combinations are illustrated above. According to our study of rotational motion, this implies that as long as the particle does not leave the region of the magnetic field, it will travel in a circle. To find the radius of the circle, we set the magnitude of the centripetal force equal to the magnitude of the magnetic force and solve for :.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the?
A. field vector, B. track vector, C. gravity vector, D. position vector
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Since the force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to both its velocity vector and the field vector (check this using the second right hand rule above), a constant magnetic field will provide a centripetal force --- that is, a constant force that is always directed perpendicular to the direction of motion. Two such force/velocity combinations are illustrated above. According to our study of rotational motion, this implies that as long as the particle does not leave the region of the magnetic field, it will travel in a circle. To find the radius of the circle, we set the magnitude of the centripetal force equal to the magnitude of the magnetic force and solve for :.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body called?\nA. diffusion, B. excretion, C. ingestion, D. inspiration\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis. Although the kidneys are the main organs of excretion, several other organs also excrete wastes. They include the large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs. All of these organs of excretion, along with the kidneys, make up the excretory system . The roles of the excretory organs other than the kidney are summarized below:.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body called?
A. diffusion, B. excretion, C. ingestion, D. inspiration
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis. Although the kidneys are the main organs of excretion, several other organs also excrete wastes. They include the large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs. All of these organs of excretion, along with the kidneys, make up the excretory system . The roles of the excretory organs other than the kidney are summarized below:.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the skeleton of the cell?\nA. cell wall, B. cytoskeleton, C. cytoplasm, D. cell membrane\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The cytoplasm consists of watery cytosol and cell structures. It has several functions. The cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell. It helps the cell keep its shape.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the skeleton of the cell?
A. cell wall, B. cytoskeleton, C. cytoplasm, D. cell membrane
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The cytoplasm consists of watery cytosol and cell structures. It has several functions. The cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell. It helps the cell keep its shape.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A salt concentration of 32 percent is nearly ten times that of what abundant resource?\nA. oxygen, B. fresh water, C. seawater, D. algae\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A salt concentration of 32 percent is nearly ten times that of what abundant resource?
A. oxygen, B. fresh water, C. seawater, D. algae
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through which process?\nA. developed reactions, B. longer reactions, C. magnetic reactions, D. nuclear reactions\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Not all atoms of an element must have precisely the same mass. Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through nuclear reactions. The compositions of many solid compounds are somewhat variable. Under certain circumstances, some atoms can be divided (split into smaller particles). These modifications illustrate the effectiveness of the scientific method; later experiments and observations were used to refine Dalton’s original theory.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through which process?
A. developed reactions, B. longer reactions, C. magnetic reactions, D. nuclear reactions
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Not all atoms of an element must have precisely the same mass. Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through nuclear reactions. The compositions of many solid compounds are somewhat variable. Under certain circumstances, some atoms can be divided (split into smaller particles). These modifications illustrate the effectiveness of the scientific method; later experiments and observations were used to refine Dalton’s original theory.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Blood from the body enters what chamber of the heart before it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs?\nA. left bivalve, B. left atrium, C. left ventricle, D. right atrium\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs. This loop is represented by the blue arrows in Figure above .\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Blood from the body enters what chamber of the heart before it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs?
A. left bivalve, B. left atrium, C. left ventricle, D. right atrium
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs. This loop is represented by the blue arrows in Figure above .
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Dna replication, chromosome segregation, and the separation into two daughter cells are steps in what process?\nA. binary fission, B. nuclear fission, C. reproductive fission, D. multiple fission\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Binary fission can be described as a series of steps, although it is actually a continuous process. The steps are described below and also illustrated in Figure below . They include DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and finally the separation into two daughter cells.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Dna replication, chromosome segregation, and the separation into two daughter cells are steps in what process?
A. binary fission, B. nuclear fission, C. reproductive fission, D. multiple fission
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Binary fission can be described as a series of steps, although it is actually a continuous process. The steps are described below and also illustrated in Figure below . They include DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and finally the separation into two daughter cells.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In science, what is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter?\nA. vibration, B. energy, C. photons, D. sound\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In science, sound is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter. Most people commonly use the term sound to mean what they hear when sound waves enter their ears. The tree above generated sound waves when it fell to the ground, so it made sound according to the scientific definition. But the sound wasn’t detected by a person’s ears if there was nobody in the forest. So the answer to the riddle is both yes and no!.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In science, what is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter?
A. vibration, B. energy, C. photons, D. sound
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In science, sound is defined as the transfer of energy from a vibrating object in waves that travel through matter. Most people commonly use the term sound to mean what they hear when sound waves enter their ears. The tree above generated sound waves when it fell to the ground, so it made sound according to the scientific definition. But the sound wasn’t detected by a person’s ears if there was nobody in the forest. So the answer to the riddle is both yes and no!.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where in the cell does transcription occur?\nA. protoplasm, B. nucleus, C. cell wall, D. epidermis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Transcription is the DNA → RNA part of the central dogma of molecular biology. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where in the cell does transcription occur?
A. protoplasm, B. nucleus, C. cell wall, D. epidermis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Transcription is the DNA → RNA part of the central dogma of molecular biology. It occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a what?\nA. antiseptic, B. disinfectant, C. surfactant, D. detergent\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a disinfectant.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a what?
A. antiseptic, B. disinfectant, C. surfactant, D. detergent
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold as a 3% by volume solution for use as a disinfectant.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. the visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a what?\nA. rainbow of colors, B. invisible spectrum, C. vacuum, D. transparency\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Absorption of Light Light energy enters the process of photosynthesis when pigments absorb the light. In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. The visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a rainbow of colors. Certain objects, such as a prism or a drop of water, disperse white light to reveal these colors to the human eye. The visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is perceived by the human eye as a rainbow of colors, with violet and blue having shorter wavelengths and, therefore, higher energy. At the other end of the spectrum toward red, the wavelengths are longer and have lower energy.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. the visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a what?
A. rainbow of colors, B. invisible spectrum, C. vacuum, D. transparency
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Absorption of Light Light energy enters the process of photosynthesis when pigments absorb the light. In plants, pigment molecules absorb only visible light for photosynthesis. The visible light seen by humans as white light actually exists in a rainbow of colors. Certain objects, such as a prism or a drop of water, disperse white light to reveal these colors to the human eye. The visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is perceived by the human eye as a rainbow of colors, with violet and blue having shorter wavelengths and, therefore, higher energy. At the other end of the spectrum toward red, the wavelengths are longer and have lower energy.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When an acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound known as what?\nA. pollen, B. salt, C. sand, D. dirt\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: When acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound called a salt. The reaction is called a neutralization reaction.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When an acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound known as what?
A. pollen, B. salt, C. sand, D. dirt
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: When acid and base solutions react, they produce water and a neutral ionic compound called a salt. The reaction is called a neutralization reaction.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as what?\nA. fuel, B. waste product, C. oxygen, D. food\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Gas Exchange across the Alveoli In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product. The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption is the respiratory quotient (RQ). RQ varies between 0.7 and 1.0. If just glucose were used to fuel the body, the RQ would equal one. One mole of carbon dioxide would be produced for every mole of oxygen consumed. Glucose, however, is not the only fuel for the body. Protein and fat are also used as fuels for the body. Because of this, less carbon dioxide is produced than oxygen is consumed and the RQ is, on average, about 0.7 for fat and about 0.8 for protein. The RQ is used to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar spaces within the lung, the alveolar PO Above, 2 the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs was calculated to be 150 mm Hg. However, lungs never fully deflate with an exhalation; therefore, the inspired air mixes with this residual air and lowers the partial pressure of oxygen within the alveoli. This means that there is a lower concentration of oxygen in the lungs than is found in the air outside the body. Knowing the RQ, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli can be calculated:.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as what?
A. fuel, B. waste product, C. oxygen, D. food
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Gas Exchange across the Alveoli In the body, oxygen is used by cells of the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product. The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption is the respiratory quotient (RQ). RQ varies between 0.7 and 1.0. If just glucose were used to fuel the body, the RQ would equal one. One mole of carbon dioxide would be produced for every mole of oxygen consumed. Glucose, however, is not the only fuel for the body. Protein and fat are also used as fuels for the body. Because of this, less carbon dioxide is produced than oxygen is consumed and the RQ is, on average, about 0.7 for fat and about 0.8 for protein. The RQ is used to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar spaces within the lung, the alveolar PO Above, 2 the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs was calculated to be 150 mm Hg. However, lungs never fully deflate with an exhalation; therefore, the inspired air mixes with this residual air and lowers the partial pressure of oxygen within the alveoli. This means that there is a lower concentration of oxygen in the lungs than is found in the air outside the body. Knowing the RQ, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli can be calculated:.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the pancreas and what bile-producing organ?\nA. stomach, B. liver, C. heart, D. kidney\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the liver and pancreas. The liver produces bile and delivers it to the common hepatic duct. Bile contains bile salts and phospholipids, which emulsify large lipid globules into tiny lipid droplets, a necessary step in lipid digestion and absorption. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine. The pancreas produces the enzyme- and bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice and delivers it to the small intestine through ducts. Pancreatic juice buffers the acidic gastric juice in chyme, inactivates pepsin from the stomach, and enables the optimal functioning of digestive enzymes in the small intestine.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the pancreas and what bile-producing organ?
A. stomach, B. liver, C. heart, D. kidney
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder Chemical digestion in the small intestine cannot occur without the help of the liver and pancreas. The liver produces bile and delivers it to the common hepatic duct. Bile contains bile salts and phospholipids, which emulsify large lipid globules into tiny lipid droplets, a necessary step in lipid digestion and absorption. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine. The pancreas produces the enzyme- and bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice and delivers it to the small intestine through ducts. Pancreatic juice buffers the acidic gastric juice in chyme, inactivates pepsin from the stomach, and enables the optimal functioning of digestive enzymes in the small intestine.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What property are alkali metals at room temperature?\nA. solid, B. mixed, C. solid, D. liquid\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature. They are relatively soft and low in density.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What property are alkali metals at room temperature?
A. solid, B. mixed, C. solid, D. liquid
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature. They are relatively soft and low in density.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the name of the smallest planet in our solar system, which is also nearest to the sun?\nA. mars, B. jupitor, C. earth, D. mercury\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Mercury is the smallest planet. It has no moon. It is also the planet closest to the Sun. Pictured below is the surface of Mercury covered with craters ( Figure below ), like Earth’s Moon. Many of the impact craters are billions of years old. This means that Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically for billions of years. It has no plate tectonics. With only a trace of an atmosphere, it has no weather to wear down the ancient craters.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the name of the smallest planet in our solar system, which is also nearest to the sun?
A. mars, B. jupitor, C. earth, D. mercury
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Mercury is the smallest planet. It has no moon. It is also the planet closest to the Sun. Pictured below is the surface of Mercury covered with craters ( Figure below ), like Earth’s Moon. Many of the impact craters are billions of years old. This means that Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically for billions of years. It has no plate tectonics. With only a trace of an atmosphere, it has no weather to wear down the ancient craters.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: All gymnosperm species and many eudicot species undergo what?\nA. secondary growth, B. mutations, C. exploitation, D. third growth\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: All gymnosperm species and many eudicot species undergo what?
A. secondary growth, B. mutations, C. exploitation, D. third growth
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Slow-twitch or fast-twitch and oxidative or glycolytic describe what type of fibers?\nA. coronary muscle fibers, B. skeletal muscle fibers, C. digestion muscle fibers, D. capillaries\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Slow-twitch or fast-twitch and oxidative or glycolytic describe what type of fibers?
A. coronary muscle fibers, B. skeletal muscle fibers, C. digestion muscle fibers, D. capillaries
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Plants have a touch response known as what?\nA. photosynthesis, B. pollenation, C. trichina, D. thigmotropism\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Plants have a touch response known as what?
A. photosynthesis, B. pollenation, C. trichina, D. thigmotropism
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is at the center of our solar system?\nA. the sun, B. the Kuiper Belt, C. earth, D. the moon\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The Sun is at the center of the solar system.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is at the center of our solar system?
A. the sun, B. the Kuiper Belt, C. earth, D. the moon
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The Sun is at the center of the solar system.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The different types of what systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual?\nA. digestive systems, B. maturation systems, C. organ systems, D. heartbeat systems\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Organ systems are organized into the organism. The different organ systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual. For example, cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the individual with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The different types of what systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual?
A. digestive systems, B. maturation systems, C. organ systems, D. heartbeat systems
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Organ systems are organized into the organism. The different organ systems work together to carry out all the life functions of the individual. For example, cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the individual with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Why is uranus so faint?\nA. too small, B. too cold, C. polluted atmosphere, D. far away\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Uranus is faint because it is very far away. Its distance from the Sun is 2.8 billion kilometers (1.8 billion miles). A photon from the Sun takes about 2 hours and 40 minutes to reach Uranus. Uranus orbits the Sun once about every 84 Earth years.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Why is uranus so faint?
A. too small, B. too cold, C. polluted atmosphere, D. far away
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Uranus is faint because it is very far away. Its distance from the Sun is 2.8 billion kilometers (1.8 billion miles). A photon from the Sun takes about 2 hours and 40 minutes to reach Uranus. Uranus orbits the Sun once about every 84 Earth years.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?\nA. respiratory and circulatory systems, B. muscular and lymph systems, C. respiratory and lymph systems, D. circulatory and digestive systems\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells also need glucose for cellular respiration. Glucose is a simple sugar that comes from the food we eat. To get glucose from food, digestion must occur. This process is carried out by the digestive system.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?
A. respiratory and circulatory systems, B. muscular and lymph systems, C. respiratory and lymph systems, D. circulatory and digestive systems
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells also need glucose for cellular respiration. Glucose is a simple sugar that comes from the food we eat. To get glucose from food, digestion must occur. This process is carried out by the digestive system.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What organs have tiny tubes leading to and from elastic air sacs that improve airflow and oxygen uptake?\nA. liver, B. ovaries, C. lungs, D. apendix\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What organs have tiny tubes leading to and from elastic air sacs that improve airflow and oxygen uptake?
A. liver, B. ovaries, C. lungs, D. apendix
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine?\nA. Basic Oxides, B. hydrogen oxide, C. sulfur oxide, D. Acidic oxides\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sulfur oxides are produced when sulfur and oxygen combine. This happens when coal that contains sulfur burns.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine?
A. Basic Oxides, B. hydrogen oxide, C. sulfur oxide, D. Acidic oxides
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sulfur oxides are produced when sulfur and oxygen combine. This happens when coal that contains sulfur burns.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms is called what?\nA. exoskeleton, B. endoskeleton, C. calcium deposits, D. hydrostatic skeleton\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Endoskeleton An endoskeleton is a skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms. An example of a primitive endoskeletal structure is the spicules of sponges. The bones of vertebrates are composed of tissues, whereas sponges have no true tissues (Figure 38.4). Endoskeletons provide support for the body, protect internal organs, and allow for movement through contraction of muscles attached to the skeleton.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms is called what?
A. exoskeleton, B. endoskeleton, C. calcium deposits, D. hydrostatic skeleton
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Endoskeleton An endoskeleton is a skeleton that consists of hard, mineralized structures located within the soft tissue of organisms. An example of a primitive endoskeletal structure is the spicules of sponges. The bones of vertebrates are composed of tissues, whereas sponges have no true tissues (Figure 38.4). Endoskeletons provide support for the body, protect internal organs, and allow for movement through contraction of muscles attached to the skeleton.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What evolutionary process does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist?\nA. flow selection, B. random selection, C. characteristic selection, D. natural selection\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What evolutionary process does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist?
A. flow selection, B. random selection, C. characteristic selection, D. natural selection
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In seed plants, after fertilization, what will the ovule eventually develop into?\nA. seed, B. cone, C. flower, D. root\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants that contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In seed plants, after fertilization, what will the ovule eventually develop into?
A. seed, B. cone, C. flower, D. root
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants that contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome?\nA. mitochondria, B. dna, C. rna, D. mrna\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The mRNA is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome, the organelle of protein synthesis. Like a foreign language, the genetic code of the mRNA message must then be translated so that the ribosomes make the correct protein. The process of reading the code of a mRNA to make a protein is called translation.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome?
A. mitochondria, B. dna, C. rna, D. mrna
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The mRNA is the message sent from the nucleus to the ribosome, the organelle of protein synthesis. Like a foreign language, the genetic code of the mRNA message must then be translated so that the ribosomes make the correct protein. The process of reading the code of a mRNA to make a protein is called translation.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any of what that they encounter?\nA. pathogens, B. vaccines, C. viruses, D. parasites\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any pathogens they encounter. They provide a general defense. Some white blood cells attack only certain pathogens. They provide a specific defense.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any of what that they encounter?
A. pathogens, B. vaccines, C. viruses, D. parasites
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The phagocytes that are part of the body’s second line of defense attack any pathogens they encounter. They provide a general defense. Some white blood cells attack only certain pathogens. They provide a specific defense.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Fungi are no longer classified as what, possessing cell walls made of chitin rather than cellulose?\nA. flowers, B. plants, C. eukaryotes, D. roots\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Today, fungi are no longer classified as plants. We now know that they have unique physical, chemical, and genetic traits that set them apart from plants and other eukaryotes. For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin , not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make their own food. These are just a few of the reasons fungi are now placed in their own kingdom.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Fungi are no longer classified as what, possessing cell walls made of chitin rather than cellulose?
A. flowers, B. plants, C. eukaryotes, D. roots
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Today, fungi are no longer classified as plants. We now know that they have unique physical, chemical, and genetic traits that set them apart from plants and other eukaryotes. For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin , not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make their own food. These are just a few of the reasons fungi are now placed in their own kingdom.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion?\nA. magnetic compounds, B. magnetic compounds, C. ionic compounds, D. horizontal compounds\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion?
A. magnetic compounds, B. magnetic compounds, C. ionic compounds, D. horizontal compounds
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Ionic compounds are named for their positive metal ion first, followed by their negative nonmetal ion.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or these?\nA. major incisions, B. minor incisions, C. dermal tears, D. ocular cavity\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Bundles of fibers can be used to transmit an image without a lens, as illustrated in Figure 25.15. The output of a device called an endoscope is shown in Figure 25.15(b). Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or minor incisions. Light is transmitted down one fiber bundle to illuminate internal parts, and the reflected light is transmitted back out through another to be observed. Surgery can be performed, such as arthroscopic surgery on the knee joint, employing cutting tools attached to and observed with the endoscope. Samples can also be obtained, such as by lassoing an intestinal polyp for external examination. Fiber optics has revolutionized surgical techniques and observations within the body. There are a host of medical diagnostic and therapeutic uses. The flexibility of the fiber optic bundle allows it to navigate around difficult and small regions in the body, such as the intestines, the heart, blood vessels, and joints. Transmission of an intense laser beam to burn away obstructing plaques in major arteries as well as delivering light to activate chemotherapy drugs are becoming commonplace. Optical fibers have in fact enabled microsurgery and remote surgery where the incisions are small and the surgeon’s fingers do not need to touch the diseased tissue.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or these?
A. major incisions, B. minor incisions, C. dermal tears, D. ocular cavity
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Bundles of fibers can be used to transmit an image without a lens, as illustrated in Figure 25.15. The output of a device called an endoscope is shown in Figure 25.15(b). Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or minor incisions. Light is transmitted down one fiber bundle to illuminate internal parts, and the reflected light is transmitted back out through another to be observed. Surgery can be performed, such as arthroscopic surgery on the knee joint, employing cutting tools attached to and observed with the endoscope. Samples can also be obtained, such as by lassoing an intestinal polyp for external examination. Fiber optics has revolutionized surgical techniques and observations within the body. There are a host of medical diagnostic and therapeutic uses. The flexibility of the fiber optic bundle allows it to navigate around difficult and small regions in the body, such as the intestines, the heart, blood vessels, and joints. Transmission of an intense laser beam to burn away obstructing plaques in major arteries as well as delivering light to activate chemotherapy drugs are becoming commonplace. Optical fibers have in fact enabled microsurgery and remote surgery where the incisions are small and the surgeon’s fingers do not need to touch the diseased tissue.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.