conversations
listlengths 2
2
| text
stringlengths 359
4.03k
|
|---|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle?\nA. Lake Effect, B. centrifugal effect, C. coriolis effect, D. axial tilt\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Mid-latitude cyclones form at the polar front. Two very different air masses blow past each other in opposite directions. The Coriolis effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle. Warm and cold fronts form next to each other.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle?
A. Lake Effect, B. centrifugal effect, C. coriolis effect, D. axial tilt
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Mid-latitude cyclones form at the polar front. Two very different air masses blow past each other in opposite directions. The Coriolis effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle. Warm and cold fronts form next to each other.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Birds evolved from what type of ancestor?\nA. fish, B. reptile, C. apes, D. insect\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor, but modern birds and reptiles are very different. Birds are now the most numerous four-limbed reptiles on Earth.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Birds evolved from what type of ancestor?
A. fish, B. reptile, C. apes, D. insect
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor, but modern birds and reptiles are very different. Birds are now the most numerous four-limbed reptiles on Earth.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which blood cells serve to defend the body in various ways?\nA. helper blood cells, B. red blood cells, C. white blood cells, D. blue blood cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are far fewer of them. Their role is to defend the body in various ways. For example, white blood cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms and debris in the blood.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which blood cells serve to defend the body in various ways?
A. helper blood cells, B. red blood cells, C. white blood cells, D. blue blood cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are far fewer of them. Their role is to defend the body in various ways. For example, white blood cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms and debris in the blood.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Eutherian mammals possess a specialized structure called the corpus callosum that links what hemispheres?\nA. cerebral, B. cortical, C. spatial, D. appendages\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: possess a single, undivided lobe. Eutherian mammals also possess a specialized structure that links the two cerebral hemispheres, called the corpus callosum.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Eutherian mammals possess a specialized structure called the corpus callosum that links what hemispheres?
A. cerebral, B. cortical, C. spatial, D. appendages
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: possess a single, undivided lobe. Eutherian mammals also possess a specialized structure that links the two cerebral hemispheres, called the corpus callosum.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which part of the brain secretes hormones that tell the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones?\nA. cerebrum, B. hypothalamus, C. hippocampus, D. thalamus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones . Some of its hormones “tell” the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. These hormones travel to the pituitary gland, which stores them until they are needed. The hormones include antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which part of the brain secretes hormones that tell the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones?
A. cerebrum, B. hypothalamus, C. hippocampus, D. thalamus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones . Some of its hormones “tell” the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. These hormones travel to the pituitary gland, which stores them until they are needed. The hormones include antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Most reptile eggs can be laid on land, not in water and they are called what?\nA. amniotic, B. aqueous, C. umbilical, D. Transitional\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Their eggs are amniotic, so they can be laid on land instead of in water. Reptiles do not have a larval stage, and their hatchlings are relatively mature. Reptile parents provide little if any care to their young.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Most reptile eggs can be laid on land, not in water and they are called what?
A. amniotic, B. aqueous, C. umbilical, D. Transitional
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Their eggs are amniotic, so they can be laid on land instead of in water. Reptiles do not have a larval stage, and their hatchlings are relatively mature. Reptile parents provide little if any care to their young.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do you call a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it?\nA. correlation, B. divisible, C. coefficient, D. function\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A coefficient is a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it. The 2 in front of the H 2 means that there are a total of atoms of hydrogen as reactants. Visually, the reaction looks like the Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do you call a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it?
A. correlation, B. divisible, C. coefficient, D. function
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A coefficient is a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it. The 2 in front of the H 2 means that there are a total of atoms of hydrogen as reactants. Visually, the reaction looks like the Figure below .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all what?\nA. impurities, B. vegetables, C. carbohydrates, D. rocks\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Cellulose Cellulose, a fibrous carbohydrate found in all plants, is the structural component of plant cell walls. Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all carbohydrates, accounting for over 50% of all the carbon found in the vegetable kingdom. Cotton fibrils and filter paper are almost entirely cellulose (about 95%), wood is about 50% cellulose, and the dry weight of leaves is about 10%–20% cellulose. The largest use of cellulose is in the manufacture of paper and paper products. Although the use of noncellulose synthetic fibers is increasing, rayon (made from cellulose) and cotton still account for over 70% of textile production. Like amylose, cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose. It differs, however, in that the glucose units are joined by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, producing a more extended structure than amylose (part (a) of Figure 16.11 \"Cellulose\"). This extreme linearity allows a great deal of hydrogen bonding between OH groups on adjacent chains, causing them to pack closely into fibers (part (b) of Figure 16.11 \"Cellulose\"). As a result, cellulose exhibits little interaction with water or any other solvent. Cotton and wood, for example, are completely insoluble in water and have considerable mechanical strength.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all what?
A. impurities, B. vegetables, C. carbohydrates, D. rocks
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Cellulose Cellulose, a fibrous carbohydrate found in all plants, is the structural component of plant cell walls. Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all carbohydrates, accounting for over 50% of all the carbon found in the vegetable kingdom. Cotton fibrils and filter paper are almost entirely cellulose (about 95%), wood is about 50% cellulose, and the dry weight of leaves is about 10%–20% cellulose. The largest use of cellulose is in the manufacture of paper and paper products. Although the use of noncellulose synthetic fibers is increasing, rayon (made from cellulose) and cotton still account for over 70% of textile production. Like amylose, cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose. It differs, however, in that the glucose units are joined by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, producing a more extended structure than amylose (part (a) of Figure 16.11 "Cellulose"). This extreme linearity allows a great deal of hydrogen bonding between OH groups on adjacent chains, causing them to pack closely into fibers (part (b) of Figure 16.11 "Cellulose"). As a result, cellulose exhibits little interaction with water or any other solvent. Cotton and wood, for example, are completely insoluble in water and have considerable mechanical strength.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic what?\nA. absorption, B. evaporation, C. radiation, D. convection\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic what?
A. absorption, B. evaporation, C. radiation, D. convection
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term means the amount of space matter takes up?\nA. weight, B. mass, C. density, D. volume\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term means the amount of space matter takes up?
A. weight, B. mass, C. density, D. volume
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: All of the stages that a cell goes through make up what?\nA. glycolysis, B. cytokineses, C. the cell cycle, D. photosynthesis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: All of the stages that a cell goes through make up what?
A. glycolysis, B. cytokineses, C. the cell cycle, D. photosynthesis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term is used to describe birds that mate for an entire season or even stay paired for their entire life?\nA. asexual, B. homogeneous, C. monogamous, D. polygamous\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: These birds are pairing up so that they can produce offspring. Many birds are monogamous , keeping the same mate for an entire season. In some species, they even stay paired for their entire life.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term is used to describe birds that mate for an entire season or even stay paired for their entire life?
A. asexual, B. homogeneous, C. monogamous, D. polygamous
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: These birds are pairing up so that they can produce offspring. Many birds are monogamous , keeping the same mate for an entire season. In some species, they even stay paired for their entire life.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What branch of science offers an overview of the physiology of humans?\nA. human biology, B. marine biology, C. geology, D. engineer\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Human Biology provides an overview of the physiology of humans, from the skin inward. In addition to the skin, the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, immune, and reproductive systems are described.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What branch of science offers an overview of the physiology of humans?
A. human biology, B. marine biology, C. geology, D. engineer
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Human Biology provides an overview of the physiology of humans, from the skin inward. In addition to the skin, the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, immune, and reproductive systems are described.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In atherosclerosis, thickening of an arterial wall due to this can restrict blood flow through the artery?\nA. low blood pressure, B. plaque formation, C. high blood pressure, D. digestion\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In atherosclerosis, thickening of an arterial wall due to this can restrict blood flow through the artery?
A. low blood pressure, B. plaque formation, C. high blood pressure, D. digestion
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Moist skin distinguishes frogs from what animal with dry, bumpy skin?\nA. snakes, B. turtles, C. newts, D. toads\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Although there is actually little difference between toads and frogs, this animal would most often be called a toad. Frogs have moist skin, while toads have dry, bumpy skin.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Moist skin distinguishes frogs from what animal with dry, bumpy skin?
A. snakes, B. turtles, C. newts, D. toads
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Although there is actually little difference between toads and frogs, this animal would most often be called a toad. Frogs have moist skin, while toads have dry, bumpy skin.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is what?\nA. this obvious, B. not obvious, C. very obvious, D. become obvious\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is not obvious.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is what?
A. this obvious, B. not obvious, C. very obvious, D. become obvious
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is not obvious.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for movement toward light?\nA. phototaxis, B. autolysis, C. phototropism, D. gravitational pull\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Motility The majority of protists are motile, but different types of protists have evolved varied modes of movement (Figure 23.8). Some protists have one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip. Others are covered in rows or tufts of tiny cilia that they coordinately beat to swim. Still others form cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia anywhere on the cell, anchor the pseudopodia to a substrate, and pull themselves forward. Some protists can move toward or away from a stimulus, a movement referred to as taxis. Movement toward light, termed phototaxis, is accomplished by coupling their locomotion strategy with a light-sensing organ.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for movement toward light?
A. phototaxis, B. autolysis, C. phototropism, D. gravitational pull
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Motility The majority of protists are motile, but different types of protists have evolved varied modes of movement (Figure 23.8). Some protists have one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip. Others are covered in rows or tufts of tiny cilia that they coordinately beat to swim. Still others form cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia anywhere on the cell, anchor the pseudopodia to a substrate, and pull themselves forward. Some protists can move toward or away from a stimulus, a movement referred to as taxis. Movement toward light, termed phototaxis, is accomplished by coupling their locomotion strategy with a light-sensing organ.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest?\nA. kinetic, B. nuclear, C. infrared, D. thermal\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; infrared the lowest.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest?
A. kinetic, B. nuclear, C. infrared, D. thermal
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; infrared the lowest.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of proteins either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes?\nA. perfect regulatory proteins, B. master regulatory proteins, C. carbon proteins, D. master complex proteins\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: What makes the heart form during development? What makes the skin form? What makes a structure become an arm instead of a leg? These processes occur during development because of a highly specific pattern of gene expression. This intensely regulated pattern of gene expression turns genes on in the right cell at the right time, such that the resulting proteins can perform their necessary functions to ensure proper development. Transcription factors play an extremely important role during development. Many of these proteins can be considered master regulatory proteins , in the sense that they either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes and, in turn, these secondary gene products can regulate the expression of still other genes in a regulatory cascade. Homeobox genes and gap genes are important classes of transcription factors utilized during development.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of proteins either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes?
A. perfect regulatory proteins, B. master regulatory proteins, C. carbon proteins, D. master complex proteins
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: What makes the heart form during development? What makes the skin form? What makes a structure become an arm instead of a leg? These processes occur during development because of a highly specific pattern of gene expression. This intensely regulated pattern of gene expression turns genes on in the right cell at the right time, such that the resulting proteins can perform their necessary functions to ensure proper development. Transcription factors play an extremely important role during development. Many of these proteins can be considered master regulatory proteins , in the sense that they either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes and, in turn, these secondary gene products can regulate the expression of still other genes in a regulatory cascade. Homeobox genes and gap genes are important classes of transcription factors utilized during development.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin?\nA. colitis, B. anemia, C. hepatitis, D. diabetes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Diabetes is another type of noninfectious disease. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin?
A. colitis, B. anemia, C. hepatitis, D. diabetes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Diabetes is another type of noninfectious disease. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: According to the octet rule, magnesium is unstable because its valence shell has just two of what?\nA. quarks, B. protons, C. neutrons, D. electrons\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Chapter 2 1 The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 3 The water hydrolyses, or breaks, the glycosidic bond, forming two monosaccharides. 4 D 6 A 8 B 10 C 12 B 14 A 16 C 18 A 20 B 22 D 24 B 26 A 28 B 30 D 32 B 33 These four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of the human body, and the body cannot make elements, so it is helpful to have them in consumables. 35 Magnesium’s 12 electrons are distributed as follows: two in the first shell, eight in the second shell, and two in its valence shell. According to the octet rule, magnesium is unstable (reactive) because its valence shell has just two electrons. It is therefore likely to participate in chemical reactions in which it donates two electrons. 37 Water is a polar molecule. It has a region of weakly positive charge and a region of weakly negative charge. These regions are attracted to ions as well as to other polar molecules. Oils are nonpolar, and are repelled by water. 39 It is not. An exchange reaction might be AB + CD → AC + BD or AB + CD → AD + BC . In all chemical reactions, including exchange reactions, the components of the reactants are identical to the components of the products. A component present among the reactants cannot disappear, nor can a component not present in the reactants suddenly appear in the products. 41 Lemon juice is one hundred times more acidic than orange juice. This means that lemon juice has a one hundred-fold greater concentration of hydrogen ions. 43 Maltose contains 12 atoms of carbon, but only 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen, because a molecule of water is removed during its formation via dehydration synthesis.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: According to the octet rule, magnesium is unstable because its valence shell has just two of what?
A. quarks, B. protons, C. neutrons, D. electrons
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Chapter 2 1 The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 3 The water hydrolyses, or breaks, the glycosidic bond, forming two monosaccharides. 4 D 6 A 8 B 10 C 12 B 14 A 16 C 18 A 20 B 22 D 24 B 26 A 28 B 30 D 32 B 33 These four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of the human body, and the body cannot make elements, so it is helpful to have them in consumables. 35 Magnesium’s 12 electrons are distributed as follows: two in the first shell, eight in the second shell, and two in its valence shell. According to the octet rule, magnesium is unstable (reactive) because its valence shell has just two electrons. It is therefore likely to participate in chemical reactions in which it donates two electrons. 37 Water is a polar molecule. It has a region of weakly positive charge and a region of weakly negative charge. These regions are attracted to ions as well as to other polar molecules. Oils are nonpolar, and are repelled by water. 39 It is not. An exchange reaction might be AB + CD → AC + BD or AB + CD → AD + BC . In all chemical reactions, including exchange reactions, the components of the reactants are identical to the components of the products. A component present among the reactants cannot disappear, nor can a component not present in the reactants suddenly appear in the products. 41 Lemon juice is one hundred times more acidic than orange juice. This means that lemon juice has a one hundred-fold greater concentration of hydrogen ions. 43 Maltose contains 12 atoms of carbon, but only 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen, because a molecule of water is removed during its formation via dehydration synthesis.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What make distant objects appear both nearer and larger?\nA. lasers, B. mirrors, C. telescopes, D. astrolabes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Telescopes make distant objects appear both nearer and larger. You can see many more stars through a telescope than with the unaided eye.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What make distant objects appear both nearer and larger?
A. lasers, B. mirrors, C. telescopes, D. astrolabes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Telescopes make distant objects appear both nearer and larger. You can see many more stars through a telescope than with the unaided eye.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, which exerts a certain pressure referred to as what?\nA. gravity pressure, B. tidal pressure, C. nitrogen pressure, D. atmospheric pressure\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Gas Laws and Air Composition Gas molecules exert force on the surfaces with which they are in contact; this force is called pressure. In natural systems, gases are normally present as a mixture of different types of molecules. For example, the atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous molecules, and this gaseous mixture exerts a certain pressure referred to as atmospheric pressure (Table 22.2). Partial pressure (Px) is the pressure of a single type of gas in a mixture of gases. For example, in the atmosphere, oxygen exerts a partial pressure, and nitrogen exerts another partial pressure, independent of the partial pressure of oxygen (Figure 22.21). Total pressure is the sum of all the partial pressures of a gaseous mixture. Dalton’s law describes the behavior of nonreactive gases in a gaseous mixture and states that a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure; thus, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, which exerts a certain pressure referred to as what?
A. gravity pressure, B. tidal pressure, C. nitrogen pressure, D. atmospheric pressure
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Gas Laws and Air Composition Gas molecules exert force on the surfaces with which they are in contact; this force is called pressure. In natural systems, gases are normally present as a mixture of different types of molecules. For example, the atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous molecules, and this gaseous mixture exerts a certain pressure referred to as atmospheric pressure (Table 22.2). Partial pressure (Px) is the pressure of a single type of gas in a mixture of gases. For example, in the atmosphere, oxygen exerts a partial pressure, and nitrogen exerts another partial pressure, independent of the partial pressure of oxygen (Figure 22.21). Total pressure is the sum of all the partial pressures of a gaseous mixture. Dalton’s law describes the behavior of nonreactive gases in a gaseous mixture and states that a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure; thus, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the oxygen-storing protein found in diving mammals' muscles called?\nA. hemoglobin, B. pheromone, C. pigment, D. myoglobin\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the oxygen-storing protein found in diving mammals' muscles called?
A. hemoglobin, B. pheromone, C. pigment, D. myoglobin
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what?\nA. ions, B. molecules, C. atoms, D. quarks\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what?
A. ions, B. molecules, C. atoms, D. quarks
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Pressure has a significant effect on the solubility of what state of matter?\nA. water, B. solids, C. gases, D. mixtures\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solids or liquids, but has a significant effect on the solubility of gases. Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of a gas above the liquid increases. Suppose a certain volume of water is in a closed container with the space above it occupied by carbon dioxide gas at standard pressure. Some of the CO 2 molecules come into contact with the surface of the water and dissolve into the liquid. Now suppose that more CO 2 is added to the space above the container, causing a pressure increase. More CO 2 molecules are now in contact with the water and so more of them dissolve. Thus the solubility increases as the pressure increases. As with a solid, the CO 2 that is undissolved reaches an equilibrium with the dissolved CO 2 , represented by the following equation.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Pressure has a significant effect on the solubility of what state of matter?
A. water, B. solids, C. gases, D. mixtures
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solids or liquids, but has a significant effect on the solubility of gases. Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of a gas above the liquid increases. Suppose a certain volume of water is in a closed container with the space above it occupied by carbon dioxide gas at standard pressure. Some of the CO 2 molecules come into contact with the surface of the water and dissolve into the liquid. Now suppose that more CO 2 is added to the space above the container, causing a pressure increase. More CO 2 molecules are now in contact with the water and so more of them dissolve. Thus the solubility increases as the pressure increases. As with a solid, the CO 2 that is undissolved reaches an equilibrium with the dissolved CO 2 , represented by the following equation.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The site of some nutrient absorption, the ileum is the third part of what digestive organ?\nA. large intestine, B. stomach, C. rectum, D. small intestine\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The ileum is the third part of the small intestine. A few remaining nutrients are absorbed here. Like the jejunum, the inner surface of the ileum is covered with villi that increase the surface area for absorption.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The site of some nutrient absorption, the ileum is the third part of what digestive organ?
A. large intestine, B. stomach, C. rectum, D. small intestine
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The ileum is the third part of the small intestine. A few remaining nutrients are absorbed here. Like the jejunum, the inner surface of the ileum is covered with villi that increase the surface area for absorption.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: If both atoms are the same, they have the same electronegativity and share what type of bond?\nA. metabolic, B. nonpolar covalent, C. isotopic covalent, D. ionic\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: If both atoms are the same, they have the same electronegativity and share what type of bond?
A. metabolic, B. nonpolar covalent, C. isotopic covalent, D. ionic
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What forms when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries?\nA. glaciers, B. coral, C. volcanic mountain ranges, D. tsunamis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Volcanic mountain ranges form when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries. The Andes Mountains are a chain of coastal volcanic mountains. They are forming as the Nazca plate subducts beneath the South American plate ( Figure below ).\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What forms when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries?
A. glaciers, B. coral, C. volcanic mountain ranges, D. tsunamis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Volcanic mountain ranges form when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries. The Andes Mountains are a chain of coastal volcanic mountains. They are forming as the Nazca plate subducts beneath the South American plate ( Figure below ).
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The skin plays an important role in preventing the escape of what commonly found liquid from the body?\nA. stomach acid, B. hormones, C. urine, D. water\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The skin has multiple roles in the body. Many of these roles are related to homeostasis. The skin’s main functions are preventing water loss from the body and serving as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. In addition, melanin in the skin blocks UV light and protects deeper layers from its damaging effects.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The skin plays an important role in preventing the escape of what commonly found liquid from the body?
A. stomach acid, B. hormones, C. urine, D. water
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The skin has multiple roles in the body. Many of these roles are related to homeostasis. The skin’s main functions are preventing water loss from the body and serving as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. In addition, melanin in the skin blocks UV light and protects deeper layers from its damaging effects.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which area of the human heart pumps the blood to the right ventricle?\nA. right atrium, B. left ventricle, C. left atrium, D. true atrium\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which area of the human heart pumps the blood to the right ventricle?
A. right atrium, B. left ventricle, C. left atrium, D. true atrium
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What moves sediments after they have formed?\nA. erosion, B. perspiration, C. migration, D. photosynthesis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Erosion moves sediments after they have formed. The sediments are transported away from the place where they form. There are several agents of erosion. Flowing water moves and deposits sediments. Water erodes far more material than any other erosional agent. Wind is important as an agent of erosion. This is especially true in arid climates. Ice, in glaciers, can erode enormous quantities of sediments. Gravity as a force of erosion pulls material downhill.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What moves sediments after they have formed?
A. erosion, B. perspiration, C. migration, D. photosynthesis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Erosion moves sediments after they have formed. The sediments are transported away from the place where they form. There are several agents of erosion. Flowing water moves and deposits sediments. Water erodes far more material than any other erosional agent. Wind is important as an agent of erosion. This is especially true in arid climates. Ice, in glaciers, can erode enormous quantities of sediments. Gravity as a force of erosion pulls material downhill.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another?\nA. spontaneous mutation, B. radioactive decay, C. enthalpy, D. atomic transformation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Radioactive decay involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another. In most instances, the atom changes its identity to become a new element. There are four different types of emissions that occur.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another?
A. spontaneous mutation, B. radioactive decay, C. enthalpy, D. atomic transformation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Radioactive decay involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another. In most instances, the atom changes its identity to become a new element. There are four different types of emissions that occur.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of this?\nA. nutrients, B. cellulose, C. fiber, D. carbonate\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Protists do not create food sources only for sea-dwelling organisms. For instance, certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of cellulose ingested by these insects as they bore through wood.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of this?
A. nutrients, B. cellulose, C. fiber, D. carbonate
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Protists do not create food sources only for sea-dwelling organisms. For instance, certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of cellulose ingested by these insects as they bore through wood.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do you call a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function?\nA. molecule, B. organ system, C. tissue, D. nucleus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Specialized cells may be organized into tissues. A tissue is a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function. For example, muscle cells are organized into muscle tissue. The function of muscle tissue is to contract in order to move the body or its parts.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do you call a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function?
A. molecule, B. organ system, C. tissue, D. nucleus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Specialized cells may be organized into tissues. A tissue is a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function. For example, muscle cells are organized into muscle tissue. The function of muscle tissue is to contract in order to move the body or its parts.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the name of a reactant in an enzymatic reaction?\nA. membrane, B. Scar, C. substrate, D. tissues\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Proteins Function as Enzymes If you were trying to type a paper, and every time you hit a key on your laptop there was a delay of six or seven minutes before you got a response, you would probably get a new laptop. In a similar way, without enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional. It functions only because enzymes function. Enzymatic reactions—chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes—begin when substrates bind to the enzyme. A substrate is a reactant in an enzymatic reaction. This occurs on regions of the enzyme known as active sites (Figure 2.27). Any given enzyme catalyzes just one type of chemical reaction. This characteristic, called specificity, is due to the fact that a substrate with a particular shape and electrical charge can bind only to an active site corresponding to that substrate.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the name of a reactant in an enzymatic reaction?
A. membrane, B. Scar, C. substrate, D. tissues
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Proteins Function as Enzymes If you were trying to type a paper, and every time you hit a key on your laptop there was a delay of six or seven minutes before you got a response, you would probably get a new laptop. In a similar way, without enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional. It functions only because enzymes function. Enzymatic reactions—chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes—begin when substrates bind to the enzyme. A substrate is a reactant in an enzymatic reaction. This occurs on regions of the enzyme known as active sites (Figure 2.27). Any given enzyme catalyzes just one type of chemical reaction. This characteristic, called specificity, is due to the fact that a substrate with a particular shape and electrical charge can bind only to an active site corresponding to that substrate.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in kelvin. however, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. the ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you can calculate this?\nA. unrelated, B. fourth, C. second, D. third\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in Kelvin. However, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. The ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you can calculate the fourth property.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in kelvin. however, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. the ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you can calculate this?
A. unrelated, B. fourth, C. second, D. third
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in Kelvin. However, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. The ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you can calculate the fourth property.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product?\nA. an addition reaction, B. complete reaction, C. single reaction, D. homeostasis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An addition reaction is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product . An addition reaction can be thought of as adding a molecule across the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne. Addition reactions are useful ways to introduce a new functional group into an organic molecule.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product?
A. an addition reaction, B. complete reaction, C. single reaction, D. homeostasis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An addition reaction is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product . An addition reaction can be thought of as adding a molecule across the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne. Addition reactions are useful ways to introduce a new functional group into an organic molecule.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the main problem in both types of diabetes?\nA. insulin production, B. blood concentration, C. blood pressure, D. metabolism\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Diabetes is a disease in which insulin fails to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond normally to insulin.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the main problem in both types of diabetes?
A. insulin production, B. blood concentration, C. blood pressure, D. metabolism
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Diabetes is a disease in which insulin fails to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond normally to insulin.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what?\nA. aerobic respiration, B. cell division, C. sexual reproduction, D. magnetism\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The structure of a mitochondrion is defined by an inner and outer membrane. This structure plays an important role in aerobic respiration.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what?
A. aerobic respiration, B. cell division, C. sexual reproduction, D. magnetism
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The structure of a mitochondrion is defined by an inner and outer membrane. This structure plays an important role in aerobic respiration.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate what distances?\nA. vertical, B. horizontal, C. perpendicular, D. diagonal\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate horizontal distances.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate what distances?
A. vertical, B. horizontal, C. perpendicular, D. diagonal
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate horizontal distances.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What can occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in liquid?\nA. diffusion action, B. capillary action, C. transfusion action, D. thermal action\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Towels soak up liquids like water because the fibers of a towel are made of molecules that are attracted to water molecules. Most cloth towels are made of cotton, and paper towels are generally made from paper pulp. Both consist of long molecules of cellulose that contain many −OH groups. Water molecules are attracted to these −OH groups and form hydrogen bonds with them, which draws the H2O molecules up the cellulose molecules. The water molecules are also attracted to each other, so large amounts of water are drawn up the cellulose fibers. Capillary action can also occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in a liquid, as illustrated in Figure 10.20. If the liquid molecules are strongly attracted to the tube molecules, the liquid creeps up the inside of the tube until the weight of the liquid and the adhesive forces are in balance. The smaller the diameter of the tube is, the higher the liquid climbs. It is partly by capillary action occurring in plant cells called xylem that water and dissolved nutrients are brought from the soil up through the roots and into a plant. Capillary action is the basis for thin layer chromatography, a laboratory technique commonly used to separate small quantities of mixtures. You depend on a constant supply of tears to keep your eyes lubricated and on capillary action to pump tear fluid away.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What can occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in liquid?
A. diffusion action, B. capillary action, C. transfusion action, D. thermal action
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Towels soak up liquids like water because the fibers of a towel are made of molecules that are attracted to water molecules. Most cloth towels are made of cotton, and paper towels are generally made from paper pulp. Both consist of long molecules of cellulose that contain many −OH groups. Water molecules are attracted to these −OH groups and form hydrogen bonds with them, which draws the H2O molecules up the cellulose molecules. The water molecules are also attracted to each other, so large amounts of water are drawn up the cellulose fibers. Capillary action can also occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in a liquid, as illustrated in Figure 10.20. If the liquid molecules are strongly attracted to the tube molecules, the liquid creeps up the inside of the tube until the weight of the liquid and the adhesive forces are in balance. The smaller the diameter of the tube is, the higher the liquid climbs. It is partly by capillary action occurring in plant cells called xylem that water and dissolved nutrients are brought from the soil up through the roots and into a plant. Capillary action is the basis for thin layer chromatography, a laboratory technique commonly used to separate small quantities of mixtures. You depend on a constant supply of tears to keep your eyes lubricated and on capillary action to pump tear fluid away.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of system do echinoderms possess?\nA. water-based circulatory, B. primitive respiratory, C. autonomic nerous system, D. photosynthetic\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates Echinoderms are deuterostome marine organisms. This phylum of animals bear a calcareous endoskeleton composed of ossicles covered by a spiny skin. Echinoderms possess a water-based circulatory system. The madreporite is the point of entry and exit for water for the water vascular system. The characteristic features of Chordata are a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. Chordata contains two clades of invertebrates: Urochordata (tunicates) and Cephalochordata (lancelets), together with the.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of system do echinoderms possess?
A. water-based circulatory, B. primitive respiratory, C. autonomic nerous system, D. photosynthetic
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates Echinoderms are deuterostome marine organisms. This phylum of animals bear a calcareous endoskeleton composed of ossicles covered by a spiny skin. Echinoderms possess a water-based circulatory system. The madreporite is the point of entry and exit for water for the water vascular system. The characteristic features of Chordata are a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. Chordata contains two clades of invertebrates: Urochordata (tunicates) and Cephalochordata (lancelets), together with the.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Fossils provide a window into the past. they are evidence for what?\nA. evolution, B. emergence, C. generation, D. intelligent design\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Fossils provide a window into the past. They are evidence for evolution.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Fossils provide a window into the past. they are evidence for what?
A. evolution, B. emergence, C. generation, D. intelligent design
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Fossils provide a window into the past. They are evidence for evolution.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Dominant alleles rarely cause what type of disorders, since the mutant allele is likely to die out of the population?\nA. sex-linked disorders, B. cancers, C. mutations, D. genetic disorders\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Few genetic disorders are controlled by dominant alleles. A mutant dominant allele is expressed in every individual who inherits even one copy of it. If it causes a serious disorder, affected people may die young and fail to reproduce. Therefore, the mutant dominant allele is likely to die out of the population.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Dominant alleles rarely cause what type of disorders, since the mutant allele is likely to die out of the population?
A. sex-linked disorders, B. cancers, C. mutations, D. genetic disorders
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Few genetic disorders are controlled by dominant alleles. A mutant dominant allele is expressed in every individual who inherits even one copy of it. If it causes a serious disorder, affected people may die young and fail to reproduce. Therefore, the mutant dominant allele is likely to die out of the population.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Near-earth asteroids cross paths with earth, meaning they could collide; what are the paths called?\nA. trajectory, B. curves, C. orbits, D. galaxies\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Near-Earth asteroids have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit. This means that they can collide with Earth. There are over 4,500 known near-Earth asteroids. Small asteroids do sometimes collide with Earth. An asteroid about 5–10 m in diameter hits about once per year. Five hundred to a thousand of the known near-Earth asteroids are much bigger. They are over 1 kilometer in diameter. When large asteroids hit Earth in the past, many organisms died. At times, many species became extinct in a mass extinction. Astronomers keep looking for near-Earth asteroids. They hope to predict a possible collision early so they can to try to stop it.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Near-earth asteroids cross paths with earth, meaning they could collide; what are the paths called?
A. trajectory, B. curves, C. orbits, D. galaxies
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Near-Earth asteroids have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit. This means that they can collide with Earth. There are over 4,500 known near-Earth asteroids. Small asteroids do sometimes collide with Earth. An asteroid about 5–10 m in diameter hits about once per year. Five hundred to a thousand of the known near-Earth asteroids are much bigger. They are over 1 kilometer in diameter. When large asteroids hit Earth in the past, many organisms died. At times, many species became extinct in a mass extinction. Astronomers keep looking for near-Earth asteroids. They hope to predict a possible collision early so they can to try to stop it.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?\nA. lungs, B. brains, C. hearts, D. kidneys\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Primates tend to have bigger brains for their body size than other mammals. This is reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?
A. lungs, B. brains, C. hearts, D. kidneys
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Primates tend to have bigger brains for their body size than other mammals. This is reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a what?\nA. potassium model, B. nutrient model, C. a slide, D. molecular model\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a molecular model. Recall that higher temperatures are associated with faster particles. Gas particles are held in solution by attractive interactions with the solvent molecules. If the particles are moving slowly, these attractive forces will pull back any particles that try to escape the surface of the solution and re-enter the gas phase. However, if the gas particles are moving fast enough, these interactions will not be sufficiently strong to prevent this process from occurring. As a result, more particles are able to escape, and the amount of dissolved solute is less than it would be at a lower temperature.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a what?
A. potassium model, B. nutrient model, C. a slide, D. molecular model
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a molecular model. Recall that higher temperatures are associated with faster particles. Gas particles are held in solution by attractive interactions with the solvent molecules. If the particles are moving slowly, these attractive forces will pull back any particles that try to escape the surface of the solution and re-enter the gas phase. However, if the gas particles are moving fast enough, these interactions will not be sufficiently strong to prevent this process from occurring. As a result, more particles are able to escape, and the amount of dissolved solute is less than it would be at a lower temperature.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Energy from sunlight enters many ecosystems through what process?\nA. isolation, B. multiplication, C. photosynthesis, D. reproduction\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Ecosystems need energy. Many ecosystems get their energy in the form of sunlight, which enters the ecosystem through photosynthesis . This energy then flows through the ecosystem, passed from producers to consumers . Plants are producers in many ecosystems. Energy flows from plants to the herbivores that eat the plants, and then to carnivores that eat the herbivores. The flow of energy depicts interactions of organisms within an ecosystem.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Energy from sunlight enters many ecosystems through what process?
A. isolation, B. multiplication, C. photosynthesis, D. reproduction
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Ecosystems need energy. Many ecosystems get their energy in the form of sunlight, which enters the ecosystem through photosynthesis . This energy then flows through the ecosystem, passed from producers to consumers . Plants are producers in many ecosystems. Energy flows from plants to the herbivores that eat the plants, and then to carnivores that eat the herbivores. The flow of energy depicts interactions of organisms within an ecosystem.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the world’s most serious resource problem?\nA. water scarcity, B. deforestation, C. gas shortage, D. citrus blight\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Most Americans have plenty of fresh, clean water. But many people around the world do not. In fact, water scarcity is the world’s most serious resource problem. How can that be? Water is almost everywhere. But much of it is unusable. What is usable is not always where it is needed.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the world’s most serious resource problem?
A. water scarcity, B. deforestation, C. gas shortage, D. citrus blight
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Most Americans have plenty of fresh, clean water. But many people around the world do not. In fact, water scarcity is the world’s most serious resource problem. How can that be? Water is almost everywhere. But much of it is unusable. What is usable is not always where it is needed.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Quarks also have a different type of charge, called what?\nA. pure charge, B. contrast charge, C. spontaneous charge, D. color charge\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: There are six types of quarks . In ordinary matter, virtually all quarks are of the types called up and down quarks. All quarks have mass, and they have an electric charge of either +2/3 or -1/3. For example, up quarks have a charge of +2/3, and down quarks have a charge of -1/3. Quarks also have a different type of charge, called color charge, although it has nothing to do with the colors that we see. Quarks are never found alone but instead always occur in groups of two or three quarks.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Quarks also have a different type of charge, called what?
A. pure charge, B. contrast charge, C. spontaneous charge, D. color charge
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: There are six types of quarks . In ordinary matter, virtually all quarks are of the types called up and down quarks. All quarks have mass, and they have an electric charge of either +2/3 or -1/3. For example, up quarks have a charge of +2/3, and down quarks have a charge of -1/3. Quarks also have a different type of charge, called color charge, although it has nothing to do with the colors that we see. Quarks are never found alone but instead always occur in groups of two or three quarks.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Thylakoids in a chloroplast contain what plant pigment?\nA. melanin, B. chlorophyll, C. ultramarine, D. dye\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The structure of a chloroplast is shown in Figure below . The chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of flattened sacs of membrane, called thylakoids . The thylakoids contain chlorophyll. Surrounding the thylakoids is a space called the stroma . The stroma is filled with watery (\"aqueous\") fluid.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Thylakoids in a chloroplast contain what plant pigment?
A. melanin, B. chlorophyll, C. ultramarine, D. dye
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The structure of a chloroplast is shown in Figure below . The chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of flattened sacs of membrane, called thylakoids . The thylakoids contain chlorophyll. Surrounding the thylakoids is a space called the stroma . The stroma is filled with watery ("aqueous") fluid.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters what?\nA. birth canal, B. uterus, C. you can see the umbilical cord, D. head is outside vagina\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Expulsion Stage The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters the birth canal and ends with birth of the newborn. It typically takes up to 2 hours, but it can last longer or be completed in minutes, depending in part on the orientation of the fetus. The vertex presentation known as the occiput anterior vertex is the most common presentation and is associated with the greatest ease of vaginal birth. The fetus faces the maternal spinal cord and the smallest part of the head (the posterior aspect called the occiput) exits the birth canal first. In fewer than 5 percent of births, the infant is oriented in the breech presentation, or buttocks down. In a complete breech, both legs are crossed and oriented downward. In a frank breech presentation, the legs are oriented upward. Before the 1960s, it was common for breech presentations to be delivered vaginally. Today, most breech births are accomplished by Caesarian section. Vaginal birth is associated with significant stretching of the vaginal canal, the cervix, and the perineum. Until recent decades, it was routine procedure for an obstetrician to numb the perineum and perform an episiotomy, an incision in the posterior vaginal wall and perineum. The perineum is now more commonly allowed to tear on its own during birth. Both an episiotomy and a perineal tear need to be sutured shortly after birth to ensure optimal healing. Although suturing the jagged edges of a perineal tear may be more difficult than suturing an episiotomy, tears heal more quickly, are less painful, and are associated with less damage to the muscles around the vagina and rectum. Upon birth of the newborn’s head, an obstetrician will aspirate mucus from the mouth and nose before the newborn’s first breath. Once the head is birthed, the rest of the body usually follows quickly. The umbilical cord is then double-clamped, and a cut is made between the clamps. This completes the second stage of childbirth.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters what?
A. birth canal, B. uterus, C. you can see the umbilical cord, D. head is outside vagina
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Expulsion Stage The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters the birth canal and ends with birth of the newborn. It typically takes up to 2 hours, but it can last longer or be completed in minutes, depending in part on the orientation of the fetus. The vertex presentation known as the occiput anterior vertex is the most common presentation and is associated with the greatest ease of vaginal birth. The fetus faces the maternal spinal cord and the smallest part of the head (the posterior aspect called the occiput) exits the birth canal first. In fewer than 5 percent of births, the infant is oriented in the breech presentation, or buttocks down. In a complete breech, both legs are crossed and oriented downward. In a frank breech presentation, the legs are oriented upward. Before the 1960s, it was common for breech presentations to be delivered vaginally. Today, most breech births are accomplished by Caesarian section. Vaginal birth is associated with significant stretching of the vaginal canal, the cervix, and the perineum. Until recent decades, it was routine procedure for an obstetrician to numb the perineum and perform an episiotomy, an incision in the posterior vaginal wall and perineum. The perineum is now more commonly allowed to tear on its own during birth. Both an episiotomy and a perineal tear need to be sutured shortly after birth to ensure optimal healing. Although suturing the jagged edges of a perineal tear may be more difficult than suturing an episiotomy, tears heal more quickly, are less painful, and are associated with less damage to the muscles around the vagina and rectum. Upon birth of the newborn’s head, an obstetrician will aspirate mucus from the mouth and nose before the newborn’s first breath. Once the head is birthed, the rest of the body usually follows quickly. The umbilical cord is then double-clamped, and a cut is made between the clamps. This completes the second stage of childbirth.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of waste is likely to explode?\nA. liquid waste, B. solid waste, C. explosive waste, D. mesh waste\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Explosive waste is likely to explode. The risk of explosion may be greater if the waste is mixed with other substances.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of waste is likely to explode?
A. liquid waste, B. solid waste, C. explosive waste, D. mesh waste
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Explosive waste is likely to explode. The risk of explosion may be greater if the waste is mixed with other substances.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Named after the dutch physicist, the van de graaff is a type of what device used for nuclear research?\nA. accelerator, B. electromagnetic, C. barometer, D. radiation detector\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Early Accelerators An early accelerator is a relatively simple, large-scale version of the electron gun. The Van de Graaff (named after the Dutch physicist), which you have likely seen in physics demonstrations, is a small version of the ones used for nuclear research since their invention for that purpose in 1932. For more, see Figure 33.7. These machines are electrostatic, creating potentials as great as 50 MV, and are used to accelerate a variety of nuclei for a range of experiments. Energies produced by Van de Graaffs are insufficient to produce new particles, but they have been instrumental in exploring several aspects of the nucleus. Another, equally famous, early accelerator is the cyclotron, invented in 1930 by the American physicist, E. Lawrence (1901–1958). For a visual representation with more detail, see Figure 33.8. Cyclotrons use fixed-frequency alternating electric fields to accelerate particles. The particles spiral outward in a magnetic field, making increasingly larger radius orbits during acceleration. This clever arrangement allows the successive addition of electric potential energy and so greater particle energies are possible than in a Van de Graaff. Lawrence was involved in many early discoveries and in the promotion of physics programs in American.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Named after the dutch physicist, the van de graaff is a type of what device used for nuclear research?
A. accelerator, B. electromagnetic, C. barometer, D. radiation detector
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Early Accelerators An early accelerator is a relatively simple, large-scale version of the electron gun. The Van de Graaff (named after the Dutch physicist), which you have likely seen in physics demonstrations, is a small version of the ones used for nuclear research since their invention for that purpose in 1932. For more, see Figure 33.7. These machines are electrostatic, creating potentials as great as 50 MV, and are used to accelerate a variety of nuclei for a range of experiments. Energies produced by Van de Graaffs are insufficient to produce new particles, but they have been instrumental in exploring several aspects of the nucleus. Another, equally famous, early accelerator is the cyclotron, invented in 1930 by the American physicist, E. Lawrence (1901–1958). For a visual representation with more detail, see Figure 33.8. Cyclotrons use fixed-frequency alternating electric fields to accelerate particles. The particles spiral outward in a magnetic field, making increasingly larger radius orbits during acceleration. This clever arrangement allows the successive addition of electric potential energy and so greater particle energies are possible than in a Van de Graaff. Lawrence was involved in many early discoveries and in the promotion of physics programs in American.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base is called what?\nA. pH scale, B. an acid-base indicator, C. reactor, D. litmus test\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An acid-base indicator is a substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base. How does that work? An indicator is a weak acid that ionizes within a known pH range, usually about 2 pH units. We can represent the protonated form of the indicator molecule as HIn and the deprotonated form as In − . The following equilibrium exists for the indicator.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base is called what?
A. pH scale, B. an acid-base indicator, C. reactor, D. litmus test
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An acid-base indicator is a substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base. How does that work? An indicator is a weak acid that ionizes within a known pH range, usually about 2 pH units. We can represent the protonated form of the indicator molecule as HIn and the deprotonated form as In − . The following equilibrium exists for the indicator.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the name for the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies ?\nA. nematology, B. hydrology, C. oceanography, D. limnology\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Limnology is the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies. A lake has zones just like the ocean. The ecosystem of a lake is divided into three distinct zones ( Figure below ):.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the name for the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies ?
A. nematology, B. hydrology, C. oceanography, D. limnology
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Limnology is the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies. A lake has zones just like the ocean. The ecosystem of a lake is divided into three distinct zones ( Figure below ):.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What does urine leave the body through?\nA. vagina, B. urethra, C. colon, D. uterus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Urine leaves the body through the urethra .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What does urine leave the body through?
A. vagina, B. urethra, C. colon, D. uterus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Urine leaves the body through the urethra .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of plant is the dominant group of land plants?\nA. oxygen plants, B. vascular plants, C. thermal plants, D. grass plants\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Vascular Plants The vascular plants are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. There are about 275,000 species of vascular plants, which represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their spread to so many habitats. Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue are dated to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago. The simplest arrangement of conductive cells shows a pattern of xylem at the center surrounded by phloem. Xylem is the tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and minerals, the transfer of water-soluble growth factors from the organs of synthesis to the target organs, and storage of water and nutrients. A second type of vascular tissue is phloem, which transports sugars, proteins, and other solutes through the plant. Phloem cells are divided into sieve elements, or conducting cells, and supportive tissue. Together, xylem and phloem tissues form the vascular system of plants.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of plant is the dominant group of land plants?
A. oxygen plants, B. vascular plants, C. thermal plants, D. grass plants
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Vascular Plants The vascular plants are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. There are about 275,000 species of vascular plants, which represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their spread to so many habitats. Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue are dated to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago. The simplest arrangement of conductive cells shows a pattern of xylem at the center surrounded by phloem. Xylem is the tissue responsible for long-distance transport of water and minerals, the transfer of water-soluble growth factors from the organs of synthesis to the target organs, and storage of water and nutrients. A second type of vascular tissue is phloem, which transports sugars, proteins, and other solutes through the plant. Phloem cells are divided into sieve elements, or conducting cells, and supportive tissue. Together, xylem and phloem tissues form the vascular system of plants.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term is used to describe a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached?\nA. fission, B. diffusion, C. active transport, D. Osmosis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The folded surfaces of the gills provide a large surface area to ensure that the fish gets sufficient oxygen. Diffusion is a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. In this case, blood with a low concentration of oxygen molecules circulates through the gills. The concentration of oxygen molecules in water is higher than the concentration of oxygen molecules in gills. As a result, oxygen molecules diffuse from water (high concentration) to blood (low concentration), as shown in Figure 39.5. Similarly, carbon dioxide molecules in the blood diffuse from the blood (high concentration) to water (low concentration).\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term is used to describe a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached?
A. fission, B. diffusion, C. active transport, D. Osmosis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The folded surfaces of the gills provide a large surface area to ensure that the fish gets sufficient oxygen. Diffusion is a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. In this case, blood with a low concentration of oxygen molecules circulates through the gills. The concentration of oxygen molecules in water is higher than the concentration of oxygen molecules in gills. As a result, oxygen molecules diffuse from water (high concentration) to blood (low concentration), as shown in Figure 39.5. Similarly, carbon dioxide molecules in the blood diffuse from the blood (high concentration) to water (low concentration).
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Poetically speaking, nature reserves are islands of what, in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity?\nA. habitats, B. biodiversity, C. ecosystem, D. refuge\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Poetically speaking, nature reserves are islands of what, in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity?
A. habitats, B. biodiversity, C. ecosystem, D. refuge
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Reactive elements are able to combine more what with other elements?\nA. quickly, B. symmetrically, C. easily, D. slowly\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Reactive elements combine easily with other elements. This explains why they usually exist in nature in compounds rather than in pure form.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Reactive elements are able to combine more what with other elements?
A. quickly, B. symmetrically, C. easily, D. slowly
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Reactive elements combine easily with other elements. This explains why they usually exist in nature in compounds rather than in pure form.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What do scientists attach to aquatic animals to collect information?\nA. ultraviolet tags, B. fluorescent tags, C. radio tags, D. satellite tags\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and other marine animals. The tags collect information, such as how deep each animal dives, the levels of ambient light (to help determine an animal’s location), and interior and exterior body temperature. Some tags also collect information about the temperature, salinity, and depth of the water surrounding an animal to help scientists identify ocean currents. The tags send the data to a satellite, which in turn sends the data the scientists. They use this information to create maps of migration patterns and discover new information about different marine ecosystems. The information collected by TOPP offers rare insights into the lives of marine animals. Without TOPP, that information would otherwise remain unknown. With TOPP, scientists are developing a working knowledge of the particular migration routes animals take, as well as the locations of popular breeding grounds and the environmental dangers faced by different species. TOPP has shed light on how we can better protect the leatherback turtle and other endangered species.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What do scientists attach to aquatic animals to collect information?
A. ultraviolet tags, B. fluorescent tags, C. radio tags, D. satellite tags
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and other marine animals. The tags collect information, such as how deep each animal dives, the levels of ambient light (to help determine an animal’s location), and interior and exterior body temperature. Some tags also collect information about the temperature, salinity, and depth of the water surrounding an animal to help scientists identify ocean currents. The tags send the data to a satellite, which in turn sends the data the scientists. They use this information to create maps of migration patterns and discover new information about different marine ecosystems. The information collected by TOPP offers rare insights into the lives of marine animals. Without TOPP, that information would otherwise remain unknown. With TOPP, scientists are developing a working knowledge of the particular migration routes animals take, as well as the locations of popular breeding grounds and the environmental dangers faced by different species. TOPP has shed light on how we can better protect the leatherback turtle and other endangered species.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into where?\nA. vas deferens, B. umbilical cord, C. uterine tube, D. placental barrier\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into—and along—the uterine tube. Fertilization must occur in the distal uterine tube because an unfertilized oocyte cannot survive the 72-hour journey to the uterus. As you will recall from your study of the oogenesis, this oocyte (specifically a secondary oocyte) is surrounded by two protective layers. The corona radiata is an outer layer of follicular (granulosa) cells that form around a developing oocyte in the ovary and remain with it upon ovulation. The underlying zona pellucida (pellucid = “transparent”) is a transparent, but thick, glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the cell’s plasma membrane. As it is swept along the distal uterine tube, the oocyte encounters the surviving capacitated sperm, which stream toward it in response to chemical attractants released by the cells of the corona radiata. To reach the oocyte itself, the sperm must penetrate the two protective layers. The sperm first burrow through the cells of the corona radiata. Then, upon contact with the zona pellucida, the sperm bind to receptors in the zona pellucida. This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled “cap” of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases its stored digestive enzymes. These enzymes clear a path through the zona pellucida that allows sperm to reach the oocyte. Finally, a single sperm makes contact with sperm-binding receptors on the oocyte’s plasma membrane (Figure 28.2). The plasma membrane of that sperm then fuses with the oocyte’s plasma membrane, and the head and mid-piece of the “winning” sperm enter the oocyte interior. How do sperm penetrate the corona radiata? Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. The digestive enzymes released by this reaction digest the extracellular matrix of the corona radiata. As you can see, the first sperm to reach the oocyte is never the one to fertilize it. Rather, hundreds of sperm cells must undergo the acrosomal reaction, each helping to degrade the corona radiata and.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into where?
A. vas deferens, B. umbilical cord, C. uterine tube, D. placental barrier
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into—and along—the uterine tube. Fertilization must occur in the distal uterine tube because an unfertilized oocyte cannot survive the 72-hour journey to the uterus. As you will recall from your study of the oogenesis, this oocyte (specifically a secondary oocyte) is surrounded by two protective layers. The corona radiata is an outer layer of follicular (granulosa) cells that form around a developing oocyte in the ovary and remain with it upon ovulation. The underlying zona pellucida (pellucid = “transparent”) is a transparent, but thick, glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the cell’s plasma membrane. As it is swept along the distal uterine tube, the oocyte encounters the surviving capacitated sperm, which stream toward it in response to chemical attractants released by the cells of the corona radiata. To reach the oocyte itself, the sperm must penetrate the two protective layers. The sperm first burrow through the cells of the corona radiata. Then, upon contact with the zona pellucida, the sperm bind to receptors in the zona pellucida. This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled “cap” of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases its stored digestive enzymes. These enzymes clear a path through the zona pellucida that allows sperm to reach the oocyte. Finally, a single sperm makes contact with sperm-binding receptors on the oocyte’s plasma membrane (Figure 28.2). The plasma membrane of that sperm then fuses with the oocyte’s plasma membrane, and the head and mid-piece of the “winning” sperm enter the oocyte interior. How do sperm penetrate the corona radiata? Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. The digestive enzymes released by this reaction digest the extracellular matrix of the corona radiata. As you can see, the first sperm to reach the oocyte is never the one to fertilize it. Rather, hundreds of sperm cells must undergo the acrosomal reaction, each helping to degrade the corona radiata and.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Giardiasis and malaria are diseases caused by what organism?\nA. larvae, B. protozoa, C. bacteria, D. worms\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Many human diseases are caused by protists. Most of them are caused by protozoa. They are parasites that invade and live in the human body. The parasites get a place to live and nutrients from the human host. In return, they make the host sick. Examples of human diseases caused by protozoa include giardiasis and malaria.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Giardiasis and malaria are diseases caused by what organism?
A. larvae, B. protozoa, C. bacteria, D. worms
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Many human diseases are caused by protists. Most of them are caused by protozoa. They are parasites that invade and live in the human body. The parasites get a place to live and nutrients from the human host. In return, they make the host sick. Examples of human diseases caused by protozoa include giardiasis and malaria.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is referred to as what?\nA. wave harmonics, B. wave frequency, C. tendency frequency, D. wave speed\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is referred to as what?
A. wave harmonics, B. wave frequency, C. tendency frequency, D. wave speed
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms?\nA. chlorine, B. iodine, C. calcium, D. nitrogen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms, so the formula is CCl4. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms?
A. chlorine, B. iodine, C. calcium, D. nitrogen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms, so the formula is CCl4. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually where?\nA. underwater, B. air, C. hidden, D. underground\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Fungi can grow fast because they are such good eaters. Fungi have lots of surface area, and this large surface area “eats” or absorbs. Surface area is how much exposed area an organism has, compared to their overall volume. Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually underground. If you see a mushroom in your yard, that is just a small part of a larger fungus growing underground.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually where?
A. underwater, B. air, C. hidden, D. underground
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Fungi can grow fast because they are such good eaters. Fungi have lots of surface area, and this large surface area “eats” or absorbs. Surface area is how much exposed area an organism has, compared to their overall volume. Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually underground. If you see a mushroom in your yard, that is just a small part of a larger fungus growing underground.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Interneurons carry what back and forth between sensory and motor neurons?\nA. electricity, B. sciatica, C. nerve impulses, D. flux impulses\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Interneurons carry what back and forth between sensory and motor neurons?
A. electricity, B. sciatica, C. nerve impulses, D. flux impulses
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the mineral deposits that fill in underground cracks called?\nA. currents, B. motherlode, C. veins, D. cores\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Underground water can be heated by magma. The hot water moves through cracks below Earth’s surface. Hot water can hold more dissolved particles than cold water. The hot, salty solution has chemical reactions with the rocks around it. The water picks up more dissolved particles. As it flows through open spaces in rocks, the water deposits solid minerals. When a mineral fills cracks in rocks, the deposits are called “veins. ” Figure below shows a white quartz vein. When the minerals are deposited in open spaces, large crystals grow. These rocks are called geodes. Figure below shows a “geode” that was formed when amethyst crystals grew in an open space in a rock.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the mineral deposits that fill in underground cracks called?
A. currents, B. motherlode, C. veins, D. cores
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Underground water can be heated by magma. The hot water moves through cracks below Earth’s surface. Hot water can hold more dissolved particles than cold water. The hot, salty solution has chemical reactions with the rocks around it. The water picks up more dissolved particles. As it flows through open spaces in rocks, the water deposits solid minerals. When a mineral fills cracks in rocks, the deposits are called “veins. ” Figure below shows a white quartz vein. When the minerals are deposited in open spaces, large crystals grow. These rocks are called geodes. Figure below shows a “geode” that was formed when amethyst crystals grew in an open space in a rock.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Some of the small moons of saturn are found within what features distinctive to the planet?\nA. rings of saturn, B. interior of saturn, C. craters of saturn, D. crest of saturn\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: As of 2011, over 60 moons have been identified around Saturn. Only seven of Saturn’s moons are round. All but one is smaller than Earth’s Moon. Some of the very small moons are found within the rings. All the particles in the rings are like little moons, because they orbit around Saturn. Someone must decide which ones are large enough to call moons.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Some of the small moons of saturn are found within what features distinctive to the planet?
A. rings of saturn, B. interior of saturn, C. craters of saturn, D. crest of saturn
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: As of 2011, over 60 moons have been identified around Saturn. Only seven of Saturn’s moons are round. All but one is smaller than Earth’s Moon. Some of the very small moons are found within the rings. All the particles in the rings are like little moons, because they orbit around Saturn. Someone must decide which ones are large enough to call moons.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: An image that is double the size of the object would have what?\nA. stimulation, B. configuration, C. illumination, D. magnification\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The size of an object’s image is larger (or smaller) than the object itself by its magnification, . The level of magnification is proportional to the ratio of and . An image that is double the size of the object would have magnification .\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: An image that is double the size of the object would have what?
A. stimulation, B. configuration, C. illumination, D. magnification
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The size of an object’s image is larger (or smaller) than the object itself by its magnification, . The level of magnification is proportional to the ratio of and . An image that is double the size of the object would have magnification .
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is made up of bands of cells that contract for movement?\nA. cartilage, B. vascular tissue, C. collagen, D. muscle tissue\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Muscle tissue is made up of bands of cells that contract and allow movement.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is made up of bands of cells that contract for movement?
A. cartilage, B. vascular tissue, C. collagen, D. muscle tissue
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Muscle tissue is made up of bands of cells that contract and allow movement.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the name of the muscular tube that carries urine out of the body?\nA. uterus, B. bladder, C. urethra, D. rectum\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: From the collecting ducts of the kidneys, urine enters the ureters , two muscular tubes that move the urine by peristalsis to the bladder (see Figure above ). The bladder is a hollow, sac-like organ that stores urine. When the bladder is about half full, it sends a nerve impulse to a sphincter to relax and let urine flow out of the bladder and into the urethra. The urethra is a muscular tube that carries urine out of the body. Urine leaves the body through another sphincter in the process of urination . This sphincter and the process of urination are normally under conscious control.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the name of the muscular tube that carries urine out of the body?
A. uterus, B. bladder, C. urethra, D. rectum
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: From the collecting ducts of the kidneys, urine enters the ureters , two muscular tubes that move the urine by peristalsis to the bladder (see Figure above ). The bladder is a hollow, sac-like organ that stores urine. When the bladder is about half full, it sends a nerve impulse to a sphincter to relax and let urine flow out of the bladder and into the urethra. The urethra is a muscular tube that carries urine out of the body. Urine leaves the body through another sphincter in the process of urination . This sphincter and the process of urination are normally under conscious control.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Tissues are organized by what?\nA. structures, B. lipids, C. branches, D. cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Tissues are organized by what?
A. structures, B. lipids, C. branches, D. cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere?\nA. cloud effect, B. shielding effect, C. smog effect, D. greenhouse effect\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, releases carbon into the atmosphere. This carbon must be cycled - removed from the atmosphere - back into living organisms, or it stays in the atmosphere. Increased carbon in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect on Earth.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere?
A. cloud effect, B. shielding effect, C. smog effect, D. greenhouse effect
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, releases carbon into the atmosphere. This carbon must be cycled - removed from the atmosphere - back into living organisms, or it stays in the atmosphere. Increased carbon in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect on Earth.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy?\nA. calories, B. hydrocarbons, C. lipids, D. proteins\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Lipids are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy. Types of lipids include fats and oils.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy?
A. calories, B. hydrocarbons, C. lipids, D. proteins
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Lipids are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy. Types of lipids include fats and oils.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which element has an atomic number of 16?\nA. oxygen, B. sulfur, C. methane, D. acid\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Therefore, in a neutral atom of sulfur, there are 16 electrons. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which element has an atomic number of 16?
A. oxygen, B. sulfur, C. methane, D. acid
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Therefore, in a neutral atom of sulfur, there are 16 electrons. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestors of humans originated on which continent?\nA. south america, B. africa, C. north america, D. australia\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestors of humans originated on which continent?
A. south america, B. africa, C. north america, D. australia
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What will spores that eventually germinate develop into?\nA. gametes, B. yeast cells, C. hydra, D. new hyphae\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: This phylogenetic tree is based on comparisons of ribosomal RNA base sequences among living organisms. The tree divides all organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Humans and other animals belong to the Eukarya domain. From this tree, organisms that make up the domain Eukarya appear to have shared a more recent common ancestor with Archaea than Bacteria.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What will spores that eventually germinate develop into?
A. gametes, B. yeast cells, C. hydra, D. new hyphae
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: This phylogenetic tree is based on comparisons of ribosomal RNA base sequences among living organisms. The tree divides all organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Humans and other animals belong to the Eukarya domain. From this tree, organisms that make up the domain Eukarya appear to have shared a more recent common ancestor with Archaea than Bacteria.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A binary molecular compound is made up of two of what?\nA. wafers, B. elements, C. compounds, D. cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A binary molecular compound is a molecular compound that is composed of two elements. The elements that combine to form binary molecular compounds are both nonmetal atoms. This contrasts with ionic compounds, which were formed from a metal ion and a nonmetal ion. Therefore, binary molecular compounds are different because ionic charges cannot be used to name them or to write their formulas. Another difference is that two nonmetal atoms will frequently combine with one another in a variety of ratios. Consider the elements nitrogen and oxygen. They combine to make several compounds including NO, NO 2 , and N 2 O. They all can’t be called nitrogen oxide. How would someone know which one you were talking about? Each of the three compounds has very different properties and reactivity. A system to distinguish between compounds such as these is necessary.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A binary molecular compound is made up of two of what?
A. wafers, B. elements, C. compounds, D. cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A binary molecular compound is a molecular compound that is composed of two elements. The elements that combine to form binary molecular compounds are both nonmetal atoms. This contrasts with ionic compounds, which were formed from a metal ion and a nonmetal ion. Therefore, binary molecular compounds are different because ionic charges cannot be used to name them or to write their formulas. Another difference is that two nonmetal atoms will frequently combine with one another in a variety of ratios. Consider the elements nitrogen and oxygen. They combine to make several compounds including NO, NO 2 , and N 2 O. They all can’t be called nitrogen oxide. How would someone know which one you were talking about? Each of the three compounds has very different properties and reactivity. A system to distinguish between compounds such as these is necessary.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and this?\nA. gravity, B. energy, C. momentum, D. wavelength\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and wavelength. You can observe direct evidence of the speed of sound while watching a fireworks display. The flash of an explosion is seen well before its sound is heard, implying both that sound travels at a finite speed and that it is much slower than light. You can also directly sense the frequency of a sound. Perception of frequency is called pitch. The wavelength of sound is not directly sensed, but indirect evidence is found in the correlation of the size of musical instruments with their pitch. Small instruments, such as a piccolo, typically make high-pitch sounds, while large instruments, such as a tuba, typically make low-pitch sounds. High pitch means small wavelength, and the size of a musical instrument is directly related to the wavelengths of sound it produces. So a small instrument creates short-wavelength sounds. Similar arguments hold that a large instrument creates long-wavelength sounds. The relationship of the speed of sound, its frequency, and wavelength is the same as for all waves:.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and this?
A. gravity, B. energy, C. momentum, D. wavelength
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and wavelength. You can observe direct evidence of the speed of sound while watching a fireworks display. The flash of an explosion is seen well before its sound is heard, implying both that sound travels at a finite speed and that it is much slower than light. You can also directly sense the frequency of a sound. Perception of frequency is called pitch. The wavelength of sound is not directly sensed, but indirect evidence is found in the correlation of the size of musical instruments with their pitch. Small instruments, such as a piccolo, typically make high-pitch sounds, while large instruments, such as a tuba, typically make low-pitch sounds. High pitch means small wavelength, and the size of a musical instrument is directly related to the wavelengths of sound it produces. So a small instrument creates short-wavelength sounds. Similar arguments hold that a large instrument creates long-wavelength sounds. The relationship of the speed of sound, its frequency, and wavelength is the same as for all waves:.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Do bacteria sexually reproduce?\nA. sometimes, B. yes, C. no, D. they don't reproduce\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Are there male and female bacteria? Of course the answer is no. So, sexual reproduction does not occur in bacteria. But not all new bacteria are clones. This is because bacteria can acquire new DNA. This process occurs in three different ways:.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Do bacteria sexually reproduce?
A. sometimes, B. yes, C. no, D. they don't reproduce
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Are there male and female bacteria? Of course the answer is no. So, sexual reproduction does not occur in bacteria. But not all new bacteria are clones. This is because bacteria can acquire new DNA. This process occurs in three different ways:.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is type of sugar is produced through photosynthesis?\nA. glutamate, B. carbohydrates, C. insulin, D. glucose\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The energy of the sun is first captured by producers ( Figure below ), organisms that can make their own food. Many producers make their own food through the process of photosynthesis . The \"food\" the producers make is the sugar, glucose . Producers make food for the rest of the ecosystem. As energy is not recycled, energy must consistently be captured by producers. This energy is then passed on to the organisms that eat the producers, and then to the organisms that eat those organisms, and so on.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is type of sugar is produced through photosynthesis?
A. glutamate, B. carbohydrates, C. insulin, D. glucose
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The energy of the sun is first captured by producers ( Figure below ), organisms that can make their own food. Many producers make their own food through the process of photosynthesis . The "food" the producers make is the sugar, glucose . Producers make food for the rest of the ecosystem. As energy is not recycled, energy must consistently be captured by producers. This energy is then passed on to the organisms that eat the producers, and then to the organisms that eat those organisms, and so on.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The light-sensing cells in the retina are called rods and what else?\nA. cones, B. light cells, C. stents, D. sensor cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The back of the eye is covered by a thin layer called the retina. This is where the image of the object normally forms. The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called rods and cones. Rods sense dim light. Cones sense different colors of light.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The light-sensing cells in the retina are called rods and what else?
A. cones, B. light cells, C. stents, D. sensor cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The back of the eye is covered by a thin layer called the retina. This is where the image of the object normally forms. The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called rods and cones. Rods sense dim light. Cones sense different colors of light.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Lampreys possess a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth and is used to feed on what?\nA. blood, B. herbivores, C. marrow, D. parasites\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Like hagfish, lampreys also lack scales, but they have fins and a partial backbone. The most striking feature of lampreys is a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth (see Figure below ). Lampreys use their sucker to feed on the blood of other fish species.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Lampreys possess a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth and is used to feed on what?
A. blood, B. herbivores, C. marrow, D. parasites
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Like hagfish, lampreys also lack scales, but they have fins and a partial backbone. The most striking feature of lampreys is a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth (see Figure below ). Lampreys use their sucker to feed on the blood of other fish species.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the type of plant that has a single cotelydon in the seedling?\nA. dicot, B. monocot, C. moss, D. conifer\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Monocots Plants in the monocot group are primarily identified as such by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling. Other anatomical features shared by monocots include veins that run parallel to the length of the leaves, and flower parts that are arranged in a three- or six-fold symmetry. True woody tissue is rarely found in monocots. In palm trees, vascular and parenchyma tissues produced by the primary and secondary thickening meristems form the trunk. The pollen from the first angiosperms was monosulcate, containing a single furrow or pore through the outer layer. This feature is still seen in the modern monocots. Vascular tissue of the stem is not arranged in any particular pattern. The root system is mostly adventitious and unusually positioned, with no major tap root. The monocots include familiar plants such as the true lilies (which are at the origin of their alternate name of Liliopsida), orchids, grasses, and palms. Many important crops are monocots, such as rice and other cereals, corn, sugar cane, and tropical fruits like bananas and pineapples (Figure 26.17).\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the type of plant that has a single cotelydon in the seedling?
A. dicot, B. monocot, C. moss, D. conifer
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Monocots Plants in the monocot group are primarily identified as such by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling. Other anatomical features shared by monocots include veins that run parallel to the length of the leaves, and flower parts that are arranged in a three- or six-fold symmetry. True woody tissue is rarely found in monocots. In palm trees, vascular and parenchyma tissues produced by the primary and secondary thickening meristems form the trunk. The pollen from the first angiosperms was monosulcate, containing a single furrow or pore through the outer layer. This feature is still seen in the modern monocots. Vascular tissue of the stem is not arranged in any particular pattern. The root system is mostly adventitious and unusually positioned, with no major tap root. The monocots include familiar plants such as the true lilies (which are at the origin of their alternate name of Liliopsida), orchids, grasses, and palms. Many important crops are monocots, such as rice and other cereals, corn, sugar cane, and tropical fruits like bananas and pineapples (Figure 26.17).
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What element is essential for amino acid and nucleic acid production?\nA. oxygen, B. hydrogen, C. carbon, D. nitrogen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What element is essential for amino acid and nucleic acid production?
A. oxygen, B. hydrogen, C. carbon, D. nitrogen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In plants and algae where does photosynthesis takes place in?\nA. cytoplasm, B. chloroplasts, C. cell wall, D. nucleus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. (Photosynthetic bacteria have other structures for this purpose. ) A chloroplast is a type of plastid, or plant organelle. It contains the green pigment known as chlorophyll . The presence of chloroplasts in plant cells is one of the major ways they differ from animal cells. You can see chloroplasts in plant cells Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In plants and algae where does photosynthesis takes place in?
A. cytoplasm, B. chloroplasts, C. cell wall, D. nucleus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. (Photosynthetic bacteria have other structures for this purpose. ) A chloroplast is a type of plastid, or plant organelle. It contains the green pigment known as chlorophyll . The presence of chloroplasts in plant cells is one of the major ways they differ from animal cells. You can see chloroplasts in plant cells Figure below .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is crucial for the fermentation progress in making bread?\nA. yeast, B. larvae, C. cold, D. fruit\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Yeasts are crucial for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows the first step of cellular respiration, glycolysis, to continue.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is crucial for the fermentation progress in making bread?
A. yeast, B. larvae, C. cold, D. fruit
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Yeasts are crucial for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows the first step of cellular respiration, glycolysis, to continue.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What hormone does the endocrine system secrete to help cells absorb blood sugar?\nA. glucose, B. testosterone, C. insulin, D. Cortisol\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: After you eat and digest a sugary snack, the level of sugar in your blood quickly rises. In response, the endocrine system secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. This causes the level of sugar in the blood to fall back to its normal level.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What hormone does the endocrine system secrete to help cells absorb blood sugar?
A. glucose, B. testosterone, C. insulin, D. Cortisol
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: After you eat and digest a sugary snack, the level of sugar in your blood quickly rises. In response, the endocrine system secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. This causes the level of sugar in the blood to fall back to its normal level.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What part of the sporophyte produces microspores that form male gametophytes and megaspores that form female gametophytes?\nA. leaves, B. flower, C. chloroplasts, D. pollen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What part of the sporophyte produces microspores that form male gametophytes and megaspores that form female gametophytes?
A. leaves, B. flower, C. chloroplasts, D. pollen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: This calcification prevents diffusion of nutrients into the matrix, resulting in what dying and the opening up of cavities in the diaphysis cartilage?\nA. chondrocytes, B. keratinocytes, C. phytocytes, D. nanoparticles\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the surface of the spongy bone. Endochondral Ossification Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles, are formed through endochondral ossification. In long bones, chondrocytes form a template of the hyaline cartilage diaphysis. Responding to complex developmental signals, the matrix begins to calcify. This calcification prevents diffusion of nutrients into the matrix, resulting in chondrocytes dying and the opening up of cavities in the diaphysis cartilage. Blood vessels invade the cavities, and osteoblasts and osteoclasts modify the calcified cartilage matrix into spongy bone. Osteoclasts then break down some of the spongy bone to create a marrow, or medullary, cavity in the center of the diaphysis. Dense, irregular connective tissue forms a sheath (periosteum) around the bones. The periosteum assists in attaching the bone to surrounding tissues, tendons, and ligaments. The bone continues to grow and elongate as the cartilage cells at the epiphyses divide. In the last stage of prenatal bone development, the centers of the epiphyses begin to calcify. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter these areas and convert hyaline cartilage into spongy bone. Until adolescence, hyaline cartilage persists at the epiphyseal plate (growth plate), which is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis that is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones (Figure 38.21).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: This calcification prevents diffusion of nutrients into the matrix, resulting in what dying and the opening up of cavities in the diaphysis cartilage?
A. chondrocytes, B. keratinocytes, C. phytocytes, D. nanoparticles
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the surface of the spongy bone. Endochondral Ossification Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles, are formed through endochondral ossification. In long bones, chondrocytes form a template of the hyaline cartilage diaphysis. Responding to complex developmental signals, the matrix begins to calcify. This calcification prevents diffusion of nutrients into the matrix, resulting in chondrocytes dying and the opening up of cavities in the diaphysis cartilage. Blood vessels invade the cavities, and osteoblasts and osteoclasts modify the calcified cartilage matrix into spongy bone. Osteoclasts then break down some of the spongy bone to create a marrow, or medullary, cavity in the center of the diaphysis. Dense, irregular connective tissue forms a sheath (periosteum) around the bones. The periosteum assists in attaching the bone to surrounding tissues, tendons, and ligaments. The bone continues to grow and elongate as the cartilage cells at the epiphyses divide. In the last stage of prenatal bone development, the centers of the epiphyses begin to calcify. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter these areas and convert hyaline cartilage into spongy bone. Until adolescence, hyaline cartilage persists at the epiphyseal plate (growth plate), which is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis that is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones (Figure 38.21).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the greek word meaning \"to help make things easier\"?\nA. toy, B. battery, C. machine, D. mode\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 9.5 Simple Machines Simple machines are devices that can be used to multiply or augment a force that we apply – often at the expense of a distance through which we apply the force. The word for “machine” comes from the Greek word meaning “to help make things easier. ” Levers, gears, pulleys, wedges, and screws are some examples of machines. Energy is still conserved for these devices because a machine cannot do more work than the energy put into it. However, machines can reduce the input force that is needed to perform the job. The ratio of output to input force magnitudes for any simple machine is called its mechanical advantage (MA).\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the greek word meaning "to help make things easier"?
A. toy, B. battery, C. machine, D. mode
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 9.5 Simple Machines Simple machines are devices that can be used to multiply or augment a force that we apply – often at the expense of a distance through which we apply the force. The word for “machine” comes from the Greek word meaning “to help make things easier. ” Levers, gears, pulleys, wedges, and screws are some examples of machines. Energy is still conserved for these devices because a machine cannot do more work than the energy put into it. However, machines can reduce the input force that is needed to perform the job. The ratio of output to input force magnitudes for any simple machine is called its mechanical advantage (MA).
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: High levels of radiation can remove electrons from?\nA. acids, B. humans, C. water, D. metals\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Nonliving things can also be damaged by radiation. For example, high levels of radiation can remove electrons from metals. This may weaken metals in nuclear power plants and space vehicles, both of which are exposed to very high levels of radiation.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: High levels of radiation can remove electrons from?
A. acids, B. humans, C. water, D. metals
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Nonliving things can also be damaged by radiation. For example, high levels of radiation can remove electrons from metals. This may weaken metals in nuclear power plants and space vehicles, both of which are exposed to very high levels of radiation.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the only planet we know that has plate techtonics?\nA. Mars, B. earth, C. Jupiter, D. Saturn\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The Earth is divided into many plates. These plates move around on the surface. The plates collide or slide past each other. One may even plunge beneath another. Plate motions cause most geological activity. This activity includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and the buildup of mountains. The reason for plate movement is convection in the mantle. Earth is the only planet that we know has plate tectonics.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the only planet we know that has plate techtonics?
A. Mars, B. earth, C. Jupiter, D. Saturn
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The Earth is divided into many plates. These plates move around on the surface. The plates collide or slide past each other. One may even plunge beneath another. Plate motions cause most geological activity. This activity includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and the buildup of mountains. The reason for plate movement is convection in the mantle. Earth is the only planet that we know has plate tectonics.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of what type of respiration?\nA. aerobic, B. enzymatic, C. anaerobic, D. natural\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of anaerobic respiration. In vertebrate muscles, lactic acid fermentation allows muscles to produce ATP quickly during short bursts of strenuous activity. Muscle cells specialized for this type of activity show differences in structure as well as chemistry. Red muscle fibers are “dark” because they have a rich blood supply for a steady supply of oxygen, and a protein, myoglobin, which holds extra oxygen. They also contain more mitochondria, the organelle in which the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain conclude aerobic respiration. This is endurance muscle. White muscle cells are “light” because they lack the rich blood supply, have fewer mitochondria, and store the carbohydrate glycogen rather than oxygen. This is muscle built for sprinting.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of what type of respiration?
A. aerobic, B. enzymatic, C. anaerobic, D. natural
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of anaerobic respiration. In vertebrate muscles, lactic acid fermentation allows muscles to produce ATP quickly during short bursts of strenuous activity. Muscle cells specialized for this type of activity show differences in structure as well as chemistry. Red muscle fibers are “dark” because they have a rich blood supply for a steady supply of oxygen, and a protein, myoglobin, which holds extra oxygen. They also contain more mitochondria, the organelle in which the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain conclude aerobic respiration. This is endurance muscle. White muscle cells are “light” because they lack the rich blood supply, have fewer mitochondria, and store the carbohydrate glycogen rather than oxygen. This is muscle built for sprinting.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Violet and red are two types of what kind of light?\nA. radioactive, B. visible, C. ultraviolet, D. infrared\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 8.12 The colors of visible light do not carry the same amount of energy. Violet has the shortest wavelength and therefore carries the most energy, whereas red has the longest wavelength and carries the least amount of energy. (credit: modification of work by NASA).\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Violet and red are two types of what kind of light?
A. radioactive, B. visible, C. ultraviolet, D. infrared
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 8.12 The colors of visible light do not carry the same amount of energy. Violet has the shortest wavelength and therefore carries the most energy, whereas red has the longest wavelength and carries the least amount of energy. (credit: modification of work by NASA).
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The duodenum is a part of which part of the gi tract?\nA. ulna, B. large intense, C. pharynx, D. small intestine\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine. Most chemical digestion takes place here, and many digestive enzymes are active in the duodenum (see Table below ). Some are produced by the duodenum itself. Others are produced by the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The duodenum is a part of which part of the gi tract?
A. ulna, B. large intense, C. pharynx, D. small intestine
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine. Most chemical digestion takes place here, and many digestive enzymes are active in the duodenum (see Table below ). Some are produced by the duodenum itself. Others are produced by the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as what?\nA. joined ions, B. separated ions, C. charged ions, D. realized ions\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: When chemicals in solution react, the proper way of writing the chemical formulas of the dissolved ionic compounds is in terms of the dissociated ions, not the complete ionic formula. A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as separated ions. Solubility rules are very useful in determining which ionic compounds are dissolved and which are not. For example, when NaCl(aq) reacts with AgNO3(aq) in a double-replacement reaction to precipitate AgCl(s) and form NaNO3(aq), the complete ionic equation includes NaCl, AgNO3, and NaNO3 written as separated ions:.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as what?
A. joined ions, B. separated ions, C. charged ions, D. realized ions
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: When chemicals in solution react, the proper way of writing the chemical formulas of the dissolved ionic compounds is in terms of the dissociated ions, not the complete ionic formula. A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as separated ions. Solubility rules are very useful in determining which ionic compounds are dissolved and which are not. For example, when NaCl(aq) reacts with AgNO3(aq) in a double-replacement reaction to precipitate AgCl(s) and form NaNO3(aq), the complete ionic equation includes NaCl, AgNO3, and NaNO3 written as separated ions:.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.