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a paintball gun anti - blocking device includes a first , infra - red receiver and emitter disposed near the bottom of the inner wall of the gun tube to detect when the paintball enters the normal shooting position . a second infra - red receiver and emitter are positioned relative to the trigger as to detect if the trigger is pressed to the shooting position . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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a method and apparatus for facilitating a business transaction wherein a merchant / operator is presented with transaction - related information in the operator &# 39 ; s preferred language and currency , wherein the customer is presented with transaction - related information in the customer &# 39 ; s preferred language and currency , and wherein the customer &# 39 ; s language and currency are different from the operator &# 39 ; s language and currency . this allows persons who speak different languages and who are used to conducting transactions in different currencies to readily engage in business transactions . the method and apparatus can be employed , for example , in a credit card or debit card terminal , thereby allowing a merchant to easily accommodate tourists from foreign countries . the customer &# 39 ; s language and / or currency preferences may be obtained from a credit card / debit card , cellular telephone , smart card , or other portable memory medium prior to or during the transaction , thereby obviating the need to manually select a preferred a language and currency for each transaction . | 6Physics
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a medicament for nasal use or for use in the eye which contains as active ingredient azelastine or a physiologically acceptable salt . | 0Human Necessities
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a modular electrical wiring component comprises a wiring module having a wiring portion for coupling to a source of electrical power and a user - accessible portion configured to accept and provide electrical power to a functional module that provides a selected electrical distribution function , wherein the wiring module is configured to accept the functional module without access to the wiring portion . the modular electrical wiring component also comprises an adjustable plaster ring configured to couple to the wiring module and to an electrical junction box , wherein the adjustable plaster ring provides a variable distance between the electrical junction box and the wiring module . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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the present invention relates to a packed battery unifying a plurality of battery cells housed in a case . the case comprises a tubular body housing the battery cells and a couple of lids closing both the end openings of the tubular body respectively , thus being arranged in a three - unit construction . this arrangement allows the case to be completely sealed off by ultrasonic wave welding . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a 2 - phenylpiperazine derivative represented by the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt , hydrate , or complex thereof : wherein each of x 1 and x 3 is oxygen or two hydrogen atoms , x 2 o , nh , nch 3 , or ch 2 , n is an integer of 0 or 1 , r 1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and r 2 is hydrogen , cyano , tetrazolyl , aminotriazolyl , mesyl , t - butoxycarbonyl , or a lower alkyl which may be optionally substituted , r 3 is hydrogen , halogen , lower alkyl or lower alkoxy , each of r 4 and r 5 is hydrogen , lower alkoxy or trifluoromethyl , and a broken line indicates a single or double bond . the derivative may be used as a tachykinin antagonist in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system , nervous system and respiratory system , inflammation , allergy , carcinoid syndrome , chronic pain , headache , crohn disease , depression and vomiting . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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in a dynamic circuit , when only between a precharge node and an intermediate node through a plurality of logical - operating mos transistors is conducted , the potential of the precharge node approximately drops to high *} from high , where c 1 represents the capacitance of the precharge node and c 2 represents the capacitance of the intermediate node . thereafter , with the charge from a power supply , the precharge node returns to high . at this charge sharing time , the amount of charge supply from the power supply is adjusted to suppress voltage drop of the precharge node , thereby reducing noise . | 7Electricity
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a method and apparatus for writing spiral servo information is provided . in one embodiment , a servo track writer having a digital signal processor is provided . the servo track writer also includes a clock head , which reads a clock track from a disk surface to generate a clock signal that is used to provide interrupt signals to the digital signal processor . a transducer , which writes spiral servo information onto the disk surface , is positioned under control of the digital signal processor based upon the interrupt signals . in one embodiment , a method of writing spiral servo information onto a disk surface using a servo track writer having a digital signal processor is provided . the method includes the steps of reading a clock track written onto the disk surface to generate interrupt signals ; providing the interrupt signals to the digital signal processor ; and , positioning a transducer over the disk surface under control of the digital signal processor based upon the interrupt signals provided thereto . | 6Physics
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a digital pillbox , a personal alert device , and a computer - implemented system and method for aiding a patient in maintaining a desirable dosage schedule of medicines . sensors and logic determine a time and quantity of a dosage taken , if any , and the system keeps records and monitors against a schedule and against a dynamic , learning , behavioral model of the patient . the schedule is remotely updateable by e . g . the patient &# 39 ; s pharmacist . the system is equipped to alert e . g . a friend of the patient , or emergency services , if the patient fails to take the desired medications or if the patient &# 39 ; s dosage behavior exhibits a significant change . | 6Physics
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a method of synthesizing lifepo 4 compounds and analogs thereof for use in secondary electrodes involves mixing the starting materials and polymerizing the mixture into a gel . the gel form allows thorough milling and mixing of the reagents and results in a smaller and more uniform particle size in the resultant electrode formed and a well crystallized structure based on the x - ray diffraction pattern . | 7Electricity
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an explosive primer designed for use with a fuse cord and an initiating device . the primer consists of a container , which holds the explosive , and a cap received on the open end of the container . the container has two lateral opposing cord tunnels which run the length of the container . the cord tunnels protect the fuse cord on the inside of the primer . the cap has two apertures which align with cord tunnels in the container . the cap has capwell for receiving the detonator . the capwell is pierceable so that a detonator can be inserted through the capwell and embedded directly in the explosive composition inside the container . in addition , the primer contains grooves in the bottom of the container and in the cap . the grooves communicate with the apertures and the recess in the cap and the cord tunnels to create a continuous conduit so that a fuse cord can be threaded therethrough to secure the cord to the primer and selectively position the primer in a borehole at the blast site . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a common contact identification system . the common contact identification system can include at least two contact lists , a comparator for comparing contacts in each of the contact lists , and a common contact list including contacts matched by said comparator . each contact list can include a plurality of contacts . each contact list further can have a publicly accessible interface through which the contacts can be accessed remotely . as such , the comparator can identify matching contacts in each of the contact lists . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a system and method are disclosed for automated testing of electronic devices . an original test is performed on a model product while the model product is coupled to a test recorder . during the test , the model product is manipulated to invoke a desired response . as the test is performed , the manipulations and the desired responses are recorded by the test recorder in an executable format . subsequently , a test analyzer is coupled to a to - be - tested product , and the executable recording of the test is played such that the to - be - tested product is manipulated as the model product had been manipulated during the original test . the to - be - tested product &# 39 ; s responses to the manipulations are compared against the model product &# 39 ; s responses . any difference between the to - be - tested product &# 39 ; s responses and the model product &# 39 ; s responses are identified . | 6Physics
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a monitoring system is disclosed for use with a mobile platform being operated by an operator . the system may make use of a database for containing operational information and procedures relating to the operation of the mobile platform by the operator . a processor may also be used that communicates with the database and with at least one subsystem of the mobile platform for monitoring operational information concerning operation of the mobile platform against stored information contained in the database . the processor may determine if the operation of the mobile platform is proceeding in accordance with predetermined standards . | 6Physics
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the invention described here provides a novel method of preventing the loss of focus and range of colors when digital image files are expanded to a larger size . unlike interpolation algorithms and algorithms using fourier analysis to create new pixels , the present system uses a combination of pseudo - randomizing functions and user controlled edge detection to enhance edges initially softened by expansion using interpolation algorithms . the resulting images can be optimized to provide a superior approximation to what would be an accurate photographic representation at the larger image size . furthermore , the flexibility in edge detection sensitivity allows the operator to strongly mitigate the structural artifacts produced by lossy compression algorithms such as the jpeg system and sampling errors widespread in very small images . as a result files as small as 200 kilobytes can be effectively expanded to 250 or even 500 megabytes in many cases . | 6Physics
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a foam carrier for a dust control agent and a pesticidal material is provided to control fugitive dust dissemination and biological activity in bulk / granular solids . | 0Human Necessities
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an organic electroluminescent display device has a structure which suppresses a leakage current generated in an organic electroluminescent layer and achieves a low power consumption and excellent light - emitting characteristics . the organic electroluminescent display device includes a first electrode , an organic electroluminescent layer , and a second electrode , stacked in this order on a substrate , wherein the organic electroluminescent layer includes a conductive layer and a light - emitting layer , the conductive layer has a trapezoidal cross section which widens downwardly , and the light - emitting layer covers upper and side surfaces of the conductive layer . | 7Electricity
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a system and method to secure a free - standing automatic teller machine . an attachment plate having a plurality of sleeves that align with attachment point on an atm is embedded in a concrete platform before the concrete is cured . the atm is positioned on the surface of the attachment plate so that its attachment points aligned with a subset of sleeves . the atm is then bolted into the sleeves . when so installed it is nearly impossible to dislodge the atm from the platform with typical mechanical equipment such as trucks , tractors etc . | 6Physics
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an apparatus and method for forming a fusible coating or structure comprising a combustor that is operative to combust a fuel and contain the resulting flame to produce combustion products ; means for cooling the combustion products to produce a hot carrier gas stream ; and means for introducing fusible material into the hot carrier gas stream . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a mirror device includes a mirror , an anchor , and a spring coupling the mirror to the anchor . the anchor and / or mirror can define one or more rows of holes adjacent to the coupling location of the spring . the natural frequency of the device can be adjusted by removing material between the perimeter of the mirror / anchor and the outermost holes , and between adjacent holes in the same row . another mirror device includes a mirror , anchors , and springs coupling the mirror to the anchors . the natural frequency of the device can be adjusted by decoupling one or more springs coupling the mirror to the anchors . the mirror of both devices can includes one or more sacrificial portions . the natural frequencies of the both devices can also be adjusted by trimming the sacrificial portions . | 6Physics
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analgesic and anti - inflamatory compounds of the formula ## str1 ## wherein n = 0 - 1 , x = halo , lower alkoxy , ho --, lower alkyl , and r = ## str2 ## | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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the present invention relates to compounds having the following structure : wherein r is h or oh and x + is protonated metformin , protonated arginine , protonated lysine and protonated meglumine . the invention also relates to intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds , processes for the preparation of such compounds and intermediates , pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and the methods of treatment using such compounds as antidiabetic , antiobesity , and antisarcopenia agents . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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the invention relates to chiral nonracemic liquid crystal compounds having achiral tails comprising a perfluoroalkyl terminal portion which are useful as components in liquid crystal to impart high polarization to the mixture . the materials of this invention can be combined with known liquid crystal host materials to impart improved properties . chiral nonracemic compounds of this invention can function as additives or dopants in host materials to impart chirality into an lc material . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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featured for use with a hybrid air bag inflator containing inert stored gas under high pressure is a liquid fueled construction which combines the functions of an initiator , gas generator , and differential low pressure switch into a single device . instead of being filled with a mixture of combustible gases , the device is filled with a combination of gases and liquids . alternatively , it makes use of a hybrid squib in conjunction with different combinations of gases and liquids . a pyrotechnic material is used to ignite the mixture regardless of the combination of fuel and oxidant used in the device . a ceramic body is used to house the device . upon combustion of the mixture , the ceramic body ruptures violently , permitting efficient transfer of the explosive energy to the inert stored gas in the hybrid inflator . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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an electronic detection circuit recognizes a test signal and causes the battery saving feature in a paging receiver to be suspended for a testing period . during testing and receiving periods , battery power is continuously supplied to a receiving circuit . at other times , power is intermittently supplied to the receiving circuit in a prescribed cycle . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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two or more digital watermarks are embedded in an identification document . in one implementation the digital watermarks include characteristics that are chosen so that the watermarks will be affected in different manners if the identification document is subsequently copied or reproduced . the detection process or mechanism reads two or more of the watermarks and compares their characteristics . in another implementation , the digital watermarks include characteristics that cooperate for authentication . | 7Electricity
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a packaging for an implantable medical device such as a heart valve wherein the implantable medical device is immersed in a liquid medium . the packaging comprises ajar and a lid assembly having a seal and a ridge therebetween , the ridge being adapted to contact the seal . at least one circumferential leg is interposed between the lid assembly and the jar . the leg maintains a predetermined spacing between the lid and the jar and may be loaded in compression . the lid assembly may comprise a lid and an overcap . the overcap may turn independently of the lid and may apply compressive pressure to the lid over the ridge and seal . the lid and overcap may be coupled together by , for example , mating snap hooks . at least one of the lid or overcap may have a plurality of snap hooks . at least one of the plurality of snap hooks may be of different length than other of the snap hooks , whereby an asymmetric force may be applied to the lid when the overcap is loosened from the jar . | 0Human Necessities
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a hot wire air flow meter arrangement comprises a primary and an auxiliary air flow path defined in the air induction passage . a hot wire is provided in the primary air flow path for monitoring air flow rate therethrough . a flow restricting means is provided in the auxiliary air flow path for restricting air flow therethrough . the flow restricting means is selectively operative so that it is effective for restricting air flow in a low engine load condition to force the major part of induction air to flow through the primary air flow path and is not effective at high engine load range so as to minimize flow resistance for induction of sufficient amount of air to an internal combustion engine . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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an amido alkanolamine composition obtained by reacting , at a temperature of 10 ° c .- 200 ° c . : a 4 - alkyl - 2 - morpholinone represented by the formula : ## str1 ## in which r represents a monovalent aliphatic radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms , and an alkylphenoxypolyoxyalkylene amine represented by the formula : ## str2 ## in which r &# 39 ; represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 4 to 30 carbon atoms , x has a value from 5 to 50 , and r &# 34 ; represents a methyl radical or a mixture of hydrogen and methyl radicals is provided . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a method is provided for controlling the molecular weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing at least one of a unit : — m r 1 ) ch 2 c ]— , and a unit : — k c 6 h 1 ) r 2 ) ch 2 c ]— , wherein a microorganism is cultivated in the presence of a hydroxyl group - containing compound , which is capable of producing the polyhydroxyalkanoate from r 3 q ch 2 ch 2 cooh or r 4 c 6 h 10 r ch 2 ch 2 cooh . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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an in - line formed web or other material having major surfaces in the x - y plane and a depth in the z direction is suitable for use as an integral fluid distribution and fluid retention material in a disposable absorbent article . the web or material contains multiple zones of material which may have both thermoplastic fibers / materials and absorbent material components . the multiple zones can have different compositions of thermoplastic fibers / materials and absorbent material as applied in - line by various arrangements of thermoplastic melt dies and absorbent fiber / material dispensers . by arranging at least two of the multiple zones in an opposing relation overlaid in the z - axis direction of the web / material , a gradient can be formed in the z - direction of the web / material . in the case of airforming , by coordinating the timing and deposition of the material onto a forming wire , at least one of the multiple zones is arranged to have intermittent material deposition in at least one of a machine direction or a cross direction of the web . thus the in - line formed integrated web has a z - direction gradient of air laid material zones and zones of different materials intermittently placed in one of the machine direction or the cross direction and may be customized according to the specific need for a single overall structure having fluid intake , distribution and retention properties in an absorbent article . | 0Human Necessities
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a system for releasing a contained volume of gas . the system has a base with a pressure - release vent positioned within a flex region and a seal to disengagably seal the pressure - release vent . the seal has a gas vent path that extends from the pressure - release vent . the contained volume of gas passes through the gas vent path to apply force against the flex region and disengage the seal from the pressure - release vent , allowing the gas to exit through the pressure - release vent . | 0Human Necessities
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medical devices such as catheters can include structure or provision that permit a physician or other health care professional to adjust the stiffness of at least a portion of the medical device . in some instances , the medical device may be adjusted prior to inserting the medical device into a patient . in some cases , the medical device may be adjusted while in use within the patient . | 0Human Necessities
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nickel base superalloys , including in some embodiments 5 % to 7 % fe , which were previously developed and used for their corrosion resistance , also possess favorable characteristics for use as a braze filler in repair or joining of superalloy substrates , such as those used to form turbine engine blades and vanes , heat exchangers , vessels , and piping . in particular , such corrosion - resistant nickel base superalloys have favorable characteristics for wide - gap brazing of gaps greater than one millimeter in superalloy substrates that preserves favorable material properties throughout the braze region in the substrate . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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the invention provides a cementing composition for use in oilfield application , wherein a significant amount of cement is left intentionally un - hydrated when the cement is set ; such that said amount of un - hydrated cement becomes hydrated when the set cement is damaged . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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the present invention relates to a source for emitting broad spectrum light of controllable frequency comprising boron nitride nanotubes with defects caused by the vacancy of a boron atom in the tubular structure and wherein the source is further provided with means for producing an electric field perpendicular to the tube . the invention can be used as a field - effect transistor or as a source for converting energy of an incoming beam . | 7Electricity
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the present invention relates to compounds of formula i or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein variables r , ar , x , and ar 1 and n are as defined herein . the compounds are capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to regulate , modulate and / or inhibit abnormal cell proliferation . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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the present invention relates to a method for oxidizing co , comprising : passing a first feed comprising co and a second feed comprising oxygen , in an oxidation zone , over a catalyst comprising highly dispersed gold on sulfated zirconia , at oxidation conditions , to produce an effluent comprising a lower level of co than in the first feed . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a drive device for producing an at least approximately sinusoidal speed pattern for a transport belt provided in a printing machine for transporting printing material selected from the group thereof consisting of sheets and signatures , includes non - round drive wheels rotatable about respective axes thereof , and a tensioning member by which the drive wheels are drivingly connected . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a method of improving field - effect transistors , and the product thereof , wherein the resistivity of the upper layer of the source - gate channel region of a gaas field - effect transistor may be selectively raised is disclosed . impurity ions are implanted in the source - gate channel region followed by a much shallower implantation of boron in the same region . the boron ion concentration should exceed the n + impurity ion concentration by a factor of 2 or more . | 7Electricity
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disclosed herewith is a network that can connect as many vpns as possible to itself . in order to realize such a network , in the frame transfer method of the present invention , which enables a transfer path to be formed between nodes in the network so as to transfer frames , a terminal for transmitting frames or node located outside the transfer path , upon transmitting a frame through the transfer path , writes the transfer path selection information related to the transfer path and the output line information related to the output line from the terminating node of the transfer path in the frame according to the destination information set in the frame and transmits the frame to the destination . the starting node of the transfer path decides the transfer path used for transferring the frame according to the transfer path selection information set in the frame to transmit the frame while the terminating node of the transfer path decides the output line used to output the frame therefrom according to the output line set in the frame , thereby transmitting the frame to the output line . | 7Electricity
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a method is for producing a circular cylindrical body comprising a workable mass , having at least one helical internal cavity extending in the interior of the body . the body is initially produced with a straight internal recess , for example by means of extrusion . afterwards the body is cut to a defined length . the body that has been cut to length is then subjected to a rolling process by means of a friction surface arrangement while being supported over the entire length thereof on a support means . the rolling process takes place in multiple steps , wherein a rolling movement using a first axis of rotation is performed in a first step , and a rolling movement using a second axis of rotation that is different from the first axis of rotation is used in a second step . there is also an apparatus for performing the method . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a wiring unit of high reliability is obtained without the need for any chemical treatment . it is obtained by assembling a wiring means having a predetermined wiring pattern and made from a conductive plate into an insulating frame having a predetermined pattern and electrically connecting circuit elements to the wiring means . | 7Electricity
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a superposition principle of waveform based on conceptions of waveform continuity and flexible regulation of voltage proposes three concepts , respectively being flexible ac transformation , flexible power transmission and transformation and flexible voltage regulation ; proposes three new technologies , respectively being a transient impedance technology , a flexible stepless voltage regulation technology and a flexible stepped voltage regulation technology ; proposes three new products , being an ac voltage regulating electronic switch , a transient impedance transformer and a high - speed voltage regulating transformer ; proposes six high - voltage power grid connection methods , being a power grid connection method type of a transient impedance transformer , a power grid connection method of a transient impedance step up auto transformer and the like ; and proposes a new reactive compensation connection method for a reactive compensation device . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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end members are provided which are identical to each other and are interchangeable for use in constructing an inline oil filter assembly of a first type including a replaceable filter element or for use in constructing an oil filter assembly of a second type including a replaceable cartridge embodying a filter element . the end members of a given assembly are interconnected by a center bolt which extends centrally through a hollow cylindrical housing of the assembly and each end member is provided with a fluid passage which forms either an inlet or an outlet passage of the assembly and which includes a portion that is located such that the bolt extends axially and centrally therethrough . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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an ignition system for oil burner capable of positively accomplishing ignition without operating a combustion cylinder construction and keeping ignition performance for a long period of time . the ignition system is constructed in a manner such that an ignition heater is operated at a level below the combustion cylinder construction and a closing door is actuated in synchronism with the ignition heater so that an ignition window may be opened only when the ignition heater is approached to a wick for ignition . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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an aircraft landing gear self - orients so to align itself within a plane parallel to the plane defined by the aircraft &# 39 ; s roll and yaw axis . a nose gear of a tricycle landing gear configuration includes the ability to not only caster 360 degrees but also self - orient itself to be aligned parallel with the plane defined by the aircraft &# 39 ; s roll and yaw axis once removed from any interaction with the ground . a simple and efficient mechanical design provides the landing gear with a substantially constant centering torque that neither impedes nor impairs ground movement yet returns the nose gear to a proper alignment for retraction and stowage . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a microelectromechanical system includes a first wafer , a second wafer including a moveable portion , and a third wafer . the movable portion is movable between the first wafer and the third wafer . the first wafer , the second wafer , and the third wafer are bonded together . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a biomedical testing sheet comprises : a substrate with calligraphy paper material , wherein the substrate comprises a wax pattern layer , which is a part of a surface of the substrate coated by a waxy material , and penetrated and diffused by the waxy material , and the wax pattern layer comprises one or more carrying units for carrying one or more droplets of liquids to be measured . the lotus effect substantially prevents diffusion of the liquids and reagents on the carrying units , and reduces the required amount of liquids to be measured and the amount of agent . | 6Physics
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techniques for correcting for internal resistance losses in the secondary windings of a transformer to reduce errors in output voltage from a high voltage power supply . | 7Electricity
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on - line transactions may be managed between an on - line transaction service and a product vendor inventory management system by providing allocations of dedicated inventory from the system to the service . the service then may complete on - line transactions against the allocation without needing to contact the service to authorize each transaction . this may speed up the rate at which on - line transactions are completed and increase the number of transactions that can be completed by the on - line transaction service . | 6Physics
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a high resolution field emission display includes a faceplate and a baseplate . the faceplate includes a transparent viewing layer , a transparent conductive layer formed on the transparent viewing layer and intersecting stripes of light - absorbing , opaque insulating material formed on the transparent conductive layer . the insulating material defines openings less than one hundred microns wide between the intersecting stripes . the faceplate also includes a plurality of localized regions of cathodoluminescent material , each formed in one of the openings . the cathodoluminescent material includes a metal oxide providing reduced resistivity in the cathodoluminescent material . significantly , the reduced resistivity of the cathodoluminescent material together with the focusing effect of the insulating material provide increased acuity in luminous images formed on the faceplate . the baseplate includes a substrate , an emitter formed on the substrate and a dielectric layer formed on the substrate and having an opening formed about the emitter . the baseplate also includes a conductive extraction grid formed on the dielectric layer and having an opening formed about the emitter . | 7Electricity
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one or more electronic components can be mounted on the back side of a semiconductor die . the components can be passive components , active components , or combinations thereof . the components can be soldered to signal routes on the back side of the die , the signal routes being attached to the die using a metallization layer or using one or more dielectric layer sections . placing components on the back side of the die can allow for incorporation of the components without necessarily increasing the form factor of the die &# 39 ; s package . | 7Electricity
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a method for preventing process errors in a semiconductor fabricating process allows only a few authorized engineers to release interlocks of semiconductor fabricating equipment when a count of interlock occurrences exceeds a predetermined number within a predetermined period of time . by allowing a semiconductor fabricating equipment operator only limited ability to reset equipment interlocks , repeated interlock conditions caused by test specification failures may be over - ridden only a predetermined number of times before the semiconductor fabricating equipment is disabled completely . the disabled semiconductor fabricating equipment may only be re - enabled using an authorization code , which is only made available to selected personnel , thereby ensuring that necessary repairs and corrections have been implemented on the semiconductor fabricating equipment . | 6Physics
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a multichannel hearing aid comprises at least one frequency channel having a compressor with a compression threshold at an output level below the hearing threshold and an attack time above 0 . 5 seconds whereby hearing of a sudden sound in a stationary sound environment is facilitated . with this compressor , the amplification of low signal levels may be increased compared to the prior art , as the compressor kicks in to generally suppress steady noises . the gain may generally be increased as high as feasible in view of the microphone baseline noise , which should preferably be kept below the hearing threshold . thus the user of the hearing aid will generally have the option of a higher gain of low level sounds than generally feasible with prior art hearing aids . | 7Electricity
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a packaging bag line - folding and sealing machine includes a first sealing unit and a second sealing unit for sealing a packaging bag therebetween , a first rocker arm and a second rocker arm mounted at the first sealing unit , a locating block , a first link coupled between the first rocker arm and the locating block , two line - folding units , and two second links coupled between the second rocker arm and the line - folding units for moving the line - folding units to make folding lines on the packaging bag between the first and second sealing units upon movement of the first sealing unit relative to the locating block . the application of the packaging bag line - folding and sealing machine greatly improves the packaging quality of packaging bags , and allows adjustment of the line - folding units to fit different sizes of packaging bags , enhancing user convenience . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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the embodiments of the invention generally relate to a novel magnet arrangement to further enhance the performance of the array . the new arrangement of magnets can result in significantly much higher percentage gain in magnetic flux with respect to the largest magnetic flux of a component magnet , as compared to halbach array configurations . | 7Electricity
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components of a kit for creating an artistic work on a lawn include : a container of aerosol paint ; a plurality of stakes for anchoring a lawn stencil to a lawn ; and a sheet of flexible material in which is defined one or more openings used to apply one or more design elements of the artistic work to the lawn by spraying the aerosol paint through the one or more openings in the lawn stencil when the lawn stencil is anchored to the lawn with the stakes . the components are held in a container having a relatively small form factor that readily accommodates point - of - sale display and purchase at retail stores by consumers . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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the present invention aims to provide a vaccine pharmaceutical composition universally usable for induction of cellular immunity against various antigens and exerting a high cellular immunity inducing effect . the present invention relates to a vaccine pharmaceutical composition for inducing cellular immunity , containing : an antigen ; and a first cellular immunity induction promoter that is a bisphosphonate . | 0Human Necessities
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a filter media including a gathered sheet of porous filter material , is provided , together with an apparatus and method for fabricating such a gathered sheet of porous filter material . an improved filter apparatus incorporating such gathered porous filter material is also provided . by gathering the porous filter material , rather than forming convolutions through corrugating or pleating , as was done in the past , a desirable convoluted shape is achieved with little or no compression of the filter media . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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in the multiplier , a partial product circuit generates a partial product based on a multiplicand operand and outputs of a booth recoder circuit , which operates on a multiplier operand . the partial product circuit ands the multiplicand with a zero booth recoded output , which indicates whether to zero out the multiplicand . an enable circuit selectively enables the multiplier circuit , and more particularly , disables the multiplier circuit by making the zero booth recoded output indicate to zero out the multiplicand . | 6Physics
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a protective device for employing in an accumulator wherein , in a pressure vessel , a separating member dividing the interior of the pressure vessel and a supporting cylinder having open pores as said protective device are coaxially arranged in order of approaching the axis . the protective device is for protecting the separating member from damage when the separating member is pressed against the supporting cylinder . by virtue of employing the novel protective device in an accumulator , the fluid flow through the supporting cylinder is not hindered and no fragments detached from the material of supporting cylinder enter the fluid to damage the fluid system . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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a hand operated tactile device including a tactile body positionable in a hand of a user . the tactile body includes at least one articulated member movable relative to the remainder of the body in a manual operation phase with the user manipulating the articulated member relative to the remainder of the body and in an automatic operation phase with the articulated member being manipulated relative to the remainder of the body and the hand of the user . a control system is carried by the body . the control system receives a first signal from the articulated member when the articulated member is manually manipulated by the user and control system generates a second signal controlling movement of the articulated member to automatically move the articulated member relative to the remainder of the body and the hand of the user . | 0Human Necessities
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an optical text scanning device compatible with a small handheld computer such as a personal digital assistant . the scanning device allows for a clear view of the text that is scanned simultaneous to the scanning process so that the operator can continuously align the device to the text . the scanned images of the text are converted in real - time to standard byte or word characters for subsequent display on the computer &# 39 ; s viewing screen . the operator can quickly verify the accuracy of the conversion by comparing the displayed character with the actual character of text on the surface that is being scanned . scanned text characters are stored in standard digital text files for ease of manipulation . | 7Electricity
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apparatus for improving the driving behavior of a vehicle is provided . the vehicle has front and rear axles , each having a plurality of wheels . each wheel has a brake . sensor are provided for measuring the rotational speed of each wheel , the vehicle yaw rate and the vehicle lateral acceleration . an anti - lock braking system provides first preset pressure values for controlling each brake , to prevent the wheels from locking during braking . a traction slip control system provides second preset pressure values for controlling each brake , to prevent the wheels from slipping during acceleration . a brake effort proportioning system provides third preset pressure values for distributing braking pressure between the wheels of the front axle and the wheels of the rear axle . a yawing moment controller provides fourth preset pressure values used to control each brake during cornering , to avoid application to the vehicle of an unbalanced moment which would cause the vehicle to understeer or oversteer . the antilock braking system , traction slip control system , brake effort proportioning means and yawing moment control system all operate independently of one another . a prioritizing mechanism applies criteria to determine a desired brake pressure that is applied to each wheel , based on the outputs of the antilock braking , traction slip control , brake effort proportioning , and yawing moment control systems . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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disclosed is an animation method of deformable objects using an oriented material point and generalized spring model . the animation method comprises the following steps of : modeling a structure of a deformable object into oriented material points and generalized springs ; initializing forces and torques acting on the material points , calculating the forces acting on the material points owing to collision of the material points and gravity , calculating the spring forces and torques acting on the material points , obtaining new positions and postures of the material points ; updating positions , velocities , postures and angular velocities of the material points based upon physics , and displaying and storing updated results . the oriented material point and generalized spring model of the invention contains the principle of the conventional mass - spring model , but can animate deformable objects or express their structures in more intuitive manner over the conventional mass - spring model . also , the material point and generalized spring model of the invention can express elongate deformable objects such as hair and wrinkled cloth , which cannot be expressed in the prior art , so as to animate features of various objects . | 6Physics
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apparatus for removing burrs from flame cut steel slabs having a rotating shaft and burr knocking members loosely mounted on the shaft for impact removal of the burrs . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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the life of a lead acid storage battery is extended by changing an over - frequency equalized charge interval performed on a lead acid storage battery , in accordance with a transition situation of a state of charge of the lead acid storage battery . the lead acid storage battery is also made to be advantageous in terms of cost by reducing the equalized charge with a low degree of urgency to reduce the power and cost for equalized charge , and by reducing the number of stops of a natural energy storage system . a lead acid storage battery and a lead acid storage battery system whose operational management can be easily performed are achieved by a method in which the future timing when the equalized charge is performed can be grasped by people operating the lead acid storage battery . | 6Physics
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systems and methods for editing a multimedia program are disclosed . a segment in a program is defined and then processed . the segment is defined by marking a beginning of the segment and the end of the segment . imprecision in defining the segment is corrected . the defined segment may be deleted or programmed to repeat one or more times when the program is played in the future . a user defines the segment and processes it by supplying input signals to the system . the input signals may be generated by pressing buttons on a remote control . | 7Electricity
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the invention is a method and apparatus for determining a failure in a subsystem that is part of a system , the system being characterized in terms of a state vector comprising a plurality of state variables . the state vector is updated at times tδt using one or more kalman filter processes , j taking on integer values , k being a predetermined integer , k taking on integer values between 1 and k for each value of j , t being a predetermined integer , and δt being a predetermined time interval . the method comprises the steps : executing at present time a plurality of kalman filter processes where one of the kalman filter processes determines the state vector at present time minus tδt using data from subsystems without failures ; determining the values of one or more statistical measures of one or more residuals for each of one or more kalman filter processes for one or more time periods equal to or greater than tδt ; and determining a subsystem failure from the one or more values of the statistical measures . | 6Physics
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the invention regards an apparatus for adjusting the yaw of a wind turbine adapted for mounting on a wind turbine comprising , a system for measuring the wind direction adapted , via a control signal , to control the yaw angle of the wind turbine based on the wind direction , and a wind sensor system adapted to determine the yaw error of the wind turbine , and means for modifying the control signal based on the yaw error determined by the wind sensor system . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a valve and method of constructing same for a purge control device are provided . the valve includes an integral body . the valve further includes a resilient member inserted into the integral body . the resilient member is electromagnetically responsive so that the member can be selectively actuated between respective open and close conditions . an electromagnetic actuator is affixed to the integral body to generate an electromagnetic field for selectively actuating the resilient member between the open and closed conditions . the mass of the resilient member is sufficiently low so that the level of noise produced by the valve is correspondingly low . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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this invention provides methods of forming a field - effect transistor in an integrated circuit using self - aligning technology on the basis of a sidewall spacer masking procedure , both for defining the device isolation features and the source and drain regions . the active region is defined after patterning the gate electrode by means of deposition and etch processes instead of overlay alignment technique . thus , the present invention enables an increase of the integration density of semiconductor devices , a minimization of the parasitic capacitances in field - effect transistor devices , and a quicker manufacturing process . | 7Electricity
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apparatus for removing break - out portions and in particular waste pieces from a sheet of material which contains blanks or the like and which rests on a break - out surface in such a way that the break - out portion extends over an aperture in the break - out surface and is pressed downwardly through the aperture under the pressure of at least one break - out member , in particular a break - out pin . associated with the break - out member beneath the break - out portion is a support which is guided in the direction of movement of the break - out member . the support is a surface which is springy and / or movable within the aperture at least partially into a position at a spacing relative to the break - out surface and which in its rest position engages beneath the waste piece in the sheet of material and which is adapted to be transferred into an inclined position relative to the sheet of material upon movement of the waste piece by the break - out member , in particular upon downward movement of the waste piece . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a cmos - based bus - hold circuit having overvoltage tolerance . the bus - hold circuit of the present invention includes , in addition to conventional input and latching inverters , a sense circuit and an arbiter circuit designed in combination to block overvoltage events from powering the latching inverter . the sense circuit includes a comparator designed to compare the potential of a standard high - potential power supply rail to the potential associated with a signal applied to the bus - hold circuit &# 39 ; s input node . the higher of those two potentials is used to activate the arbiter circuit that in turn couples the higher of those two signals to a pseudo high - potential power rail . the pseudo high - potential power rail is used to supply power to the latching inverter such that the latching inverter will not be activated during overvoltage conditions , particularly when the circuit is in its high - impedance state . the bus - hold circuit may be similarly designed to establish an undervoltage tolerance as well . | 7Electricity
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a gas turbine group comprises a device , arranged in a suction - intake duct , for cooling a suction - intake airflow . the device is , for example , a device for injecting a liquid mass flow . the cooling device is activated automatically when a first limit temperature of the ambient air is overshot and is deactivated automatically when a second limit temperature is undershot . stability of the automatic algorithm can be improved in that the second limit temperature can lie by a specific amount below the first limit temperature . in one embodiment , the limit temperatures are predetermined as a function of the position of an adjustable initial guide blade cascade . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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in a magnetic head carriage assembly which includes a head carriage for mounting a magnetic head for slidably contacting with a rotating magnetic disc and a clamper for mounting a clamp shoe disposed to oppose the magnetic head and biased toward the head carriage , there is provided a pivot for confining the movement of the clamp shoe in a direction perpendicular to the direction of rotational plane of the magnetic disc and a cantilever spring for mounting the magnetic head on the carriage or clamper . | 6Physics
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a lock having a low co - efficient of thermal conductivity for use with appliances having a large thermal differential between their interior and exterior . the lock includes a self - mounting body having an axial bore therethrough , a rotatable latch carrying a plug located in said bore and a constantly axially spring - urged key ejector means which carries locking means cooperating with complementary means in said body . | 4Fixed Constructions
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the present invention is directed to a method for the generation of periodic curved structures in a basic support material such as the basic layer for the magnetic bit cells of a magnetic storage device . the method includes the steps of generating a number of diffraction masks such that each mask comprises at least one transmission diffraction gratings having at least one of a different periodic concentric circular pattern , spiral - like periodic pattern and periodic radial spoke pattern ; positioning at least one of the diffraction masks simultaneously or successively in a certain distance of the basic support material to be patterned , the distance being mask dependent ; exposing the basic support material by directing light beams through each of the diffraction masks ; and interfering the different light beams diffracted by the gratings on each mask in order to generate coincident light intensity patterns on the surface of the basic support material . | 6Physics
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a game of chance includes a game board with a plurality of sections thereon , wherein the sections are labeled with various indicia , or combinations thereof , and odds pertaining thereto . a chance indicator device for simultaneously selecting one such indicia and a game command . the device includes two sections rotatably joined together , wherein one section is friction fit about a shaft so that it cannot rotate relative thereto , and the other section is rotatably mounted to the shaft . both sections are identically shaped so that they may be interchangeably mounted on the shaft either by themselves or in combination , one section containing indicia on its faces and the other section containing game commands on its faces . the device is spun on the game board so as to select the indicia and / or game commands . | 0Human Necessities
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a major portion , if not the whole , of passenger facilities are located underground to reserve a virtually building - free ground level for the most efficient movements of aircraft . a number of pairs of parked positions of aircraft for loading / unloading are arranged in each of a number of rows . adjacent aircraft face in opposite directions to facilitate loading / unloading from and to a pair of passenger gates located below each pair of such parked positions and to also facilitate forward movement of aircraft to and from such parked positions . the resulting arrangement is compact and allows efficient movement of aircraft to and from runways while also minimizing the distances passengers travel in moving from a terminal to gates and in moving from one gate to another . loading / unloading ramps are moveable between inactive positions out of the paths of aircraft and active positions for loading and unloading . two such ramps can be provided for fore and aft loading of one aircraft . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a method for generating an object attribute related to a user interface of a digital displaying device is disclosed . the method includes : utilizing a development tool to develop the user interface to generate an editing result ; checking the editing result according to a checking rule of the development tool to determine whether the user interface complies with hardware configuration of the digital displaying device , wherein the checking rule corresponds to the hardware configuration of the digital displaying device ; generating the object attribute of the user interface according to the editing result ; storing the object attribute of the user interface into a description file . | 6Physics
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the upper level of a pouring conveyor receives sand molds and conveys the empty molds to a pouring station wherein molten material is deposited therein to form castings . each mold is provided with a supportive weight and jacket before pouring . after the castings have been poured , the molds are transferred to the lower level of the pouring conveyor for cooling purposes , and then back to the upper level to remove the weight and jacket . the sand molds are then transferred to the upper level of a cooling conveyor and are deposited into trays provided on the cooling conveyor . each tray is adapted to receive a plurality of molds to enable the molds to move from serial to parallel movement . an indexable pusher arm is provided to accurately place each mold in a respective tray to insure proper spacing for uniform cooling . after each tray has traversed the upper and lower levels of the cooling conveyor , the molds are removed from the trays and the sand is broken away to reveal the castings for harvest . the volumetric capacity and cooling time can be adjusted simply by adjusting the number of trays disposed on the cooling conveyor . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a stable solution cream , salve , or spray composition containing activated stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates , such as disodium hydrogen phosphate , sodium dihydrogen phosphate , trisodium phosphate , and sodium monofluorophosphate , is disclosed for the prevention and treatment of abnormal conditions of the epithelium of bodily orifices . examples of such abnormal conditions of the epithelium of the rectal , vaginal , urethral , oral , nasal , ocular , and auditory canal orifices include bacterial infections , such as actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonoas gingivalis , and fungal infections , such as candida , and leukoplakia . the preferred concentration ranges are between about 0 . 005 %- 2 . 0 % chlorine dioxide , and between about 0 . 02 %- 3 . 0 % phosphate . the phosphate compound retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the ph range of 6 . 0 to 7 . 4 , at which ph stabilized chlorine dioxide becomes activated and releases sufficient chlorine dioxide to reduce motility and become lethal to the involved micro - organisms . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a liquid crystal display thin film transistor array includes gate bus lines , drain bus lines electrically isolated from the gate bus lines by a first insulating film , a thin film transistor arranged near the intersection of the gate bus line and the drain bus line , and a pixel electrode made of a transparent conductive film . the thin film transistor includes a gate electrode , a drain electrode , and a source electrode . the pixel electrode is electrically isolated from the drain electrode and the drain bus line by a second insulating film . a contact hole for electrically connecting to the drain bus line is formed in the second insulating film stacked on the drain bus line in a region including the intersection of the gate bus line and the drain bus line . an interconnection redundant film made of the same transparent conductive film as the pixel electrode is formed on the second insulating film so as to cover the contact hole . a method of fabricating this array is also disclosed . | 6Physics
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a multi - card chip . a method for configuring the multi - chip card according to an embodiment includes : selecting a sub - card comprising an integrated circuit chip from a plurality of sub - cards on the multi - chip card ; and displacing the selected sub - card from an inactive position on the multi - chip card to an active position on the multi - chip card . | 6Physics
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choline and n - methyl - d - glucamine salts of amoxicillin , processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the salts as the active antibacterial component are disclosed . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a laser projection system comprising a laser source system configured to emit coherent light , an optical integrating system configured to uniformize coherent light it receives , a randomizing optical element configured to spatially move over time in order to temporally randomize the phase , angle or spatial location of coherent light it receives , an image forming system configured to interact with laser light that has been both uniformized by the optical integrating system and randomized by the randomizing optical element , thereby forming a laser light image , and a projection system configured to project the laser light image onto a viewing screen . | 6Physics
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embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to body gear having designed performance characteristics , and in particular to methods and apparatuses that utilize an array of heat managing elements coupled to a base material to direct body heat while also maintaining the desired transfer properties of the base material . in some embodiments , the heat managing material elements include heat management elements that reflect heat or conduct heat , and may be directed towards the body of a user or away from the body of the user . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a low - drag seal arrangement for a thermal management valve including a housing having a chamber and at least one bore for flowing a fluid medium through the at least one bore between a location exterior of the housing and the chamber of the housing . a rotor is configured to rotate within the chamber of the housing relative to the bore . the rotor moves between a closed position where the flow of fluid medium through the at least one bore is blocked , an open position where the fluid medium flows through the at least one bore and an intermediate position where the flow of fluid medium through the at least one bore is partially restricted by the rotor &# 39 ; s position relative to the bore . the low - drag seal arrangement also includes a face seal piston positioned within the at least one bore and configured to move axially within the bore . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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an assembly is provided that includes a shaft , a bearing , a stator seal element , a rotor seal element and a shield . the shaft extends along an axis . the bearing supports the shaft and receives lubrication fluid . the stator seal element circumscribes the shaft . the rotor seal element is mounted on the shaft axially between the bearing and the stator seal element . the rotor seal element forms a seal with the stator seal element . the shield substantially prevents the lubrication fluid from traveling axially away from the bearing onto the rotor seal element . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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in order to obtain a sintered oxidic permanent magnetic material with improved properties , a mixture is prepared which forms a magnet having a composition defined by the formula mefe 2 2 + fe 16 3 + o 27 , where me is one or more of the metals barium or strontium , optionally partly replaced by clacium and / or lead . a prefired product having a ferrous iron content which corresponds to the stoichiometric ferrous content of the product composition is sintered at a temperature between 1160 ° and 1250 ° c . in an atmopshere having such an oxygen concentration that substantially no oxygen exchange takes place between the product and the atmosphere . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a transport housing for receiving an electronic flat assembly , the electronic assembly having at least one controllable electronic component in the form of a dip switch and a connecting line , has two housing halves receiving the flat assembly , wherein the one housing half is inserted at least partially into the other housing half , and wherein the two housing halves have a plurality of molded elements that are disposed in a staggered arrangement , for creating a molded lock having two detent positions successively disposed in the locking direction . | 7Electricity
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an interference photocathode includes a reflective substrate and interference layers disposed on said reflective substrate for selectively enhancing a first photoelectric yield of said photocathode when irradiated by radiation having a first wavelength relative to a second photoelectric yield of said photocathode when irradiated by radiation having a second wavelength . in one embodiment , the interference layers include a dielectric layer having a wavelength dependent effective thickness disposed on said reflective substrate such that said effective thickness for radiation having said first wavelength is an odd multiple of a quarter of said first wavelength and said effective thickness for radiation having said second wavelength is an even multiple of a quarter of said second wavelength . in another embodiment , the dielectric layer includes a layer of electrically conductive material and a dielectric material disposed between said layer of electrically conductive material and said reflective substrate . | 7Electricity
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a camera case has a camera body enclosing portion and a lens enclosing portion . the portions and are joined by means of ring assembly which permits the lens enclosing portion to rotate with respect to the camera enclosing portion while the two portions are joined together . a flexible fabric section joins the ring assembly to the remainder of the lens enclosing portion . | 0Human Necessities
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a pump includes a pump body defining first and second cavities . first and second rotors are disposed in the first and second cavities between an inlet passage and an outlet passage and are in sealing relationship with each other during rotation of the rotors . a drive transmission mechanism is coupled to the first and second rotors for rotating the rotors in opposite directions . during a revolution of the first rotor , a vane projecting from the first rotor emerges from a recess of the second rotor , passes the inlet passage and the outlet passage , and enters a recess of the second rotor , while the inlet passage remains sealed from the outlet passage . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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a method for generating operating software on a control device for a motor vehicle by executing control software in a production line end computer or in the control device , has the following steps : a ) executing a diagnosis function in the motor vehicle , with which the configuration of the motor vehicle can be established so that the functions to be performed by the control device are clearly defined , b ) selecting only from among the necessary software components from an external data source , so that the configuration of the motor vehicle can be mapped with the operating software on the control device , and c ) generating the component - individual operating software on the control device by inclusion of the selected software components . | 6Physics
|
a passive instantaneous microwave signal frequency identifying and angle of arrival identifying system employing a beam steering multiple element antenna coupled through a butler matrix to a plurality of simplified fourier transformation radio receivers wherein unit value or near unit value magnitudes of the kernel function - j2 π kn n in the receivers &# 39 ; fourier transformations are used to elude transformation computation complexity and resulting radio receiver size and cost penalties . limiting amplifiers , a video signal path and direction finding encoding logic are also employed . airborne military application of the system in electronic warfare direction finding , radar frequency determination and other activities is included . | 7Electricity
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described are methods and apparatus , including computerized methods and computer program products , for signal testing for a long - only portfolio . the methodology can be used for assessing the efficacy of a strategy for selecting securities in a long - only portfolio , and the strategy can be implemented to construct a revised long - only portfolio . the signal testing methodology can take into account the position and / or return of securities that do not have either a positive or negative attribute as well . | 6Physics
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the invention is directed to liquid crystal display and electro - optical devices having faster switching times , a wider viewing angle , continuous gray level , improved transmittance of the clear state , approximately no threshold voltage and low power consumption . the aspects of the invention are achieved by a liquid crystal device comprising an orthogonal nematic , smectic or columnar liquid crystal phase , which is uniaxial in absence of electric field , but becomes biaxial when electric field is applied normal to the director . this electric field induced biaxiality mode is provided using any dielectric orthogonal nematic , smectic or columnar bent - core liquid crystal phase . the nature of the switching is dielectric and does not involve variation of layer spacing variation , so as to be mechanically much more stable than prior systems . the high switching speed combined with a large change in the effective birefringence and constant optical axis of the liquid crystal materials provide useful features in various applications , such as liquid crystal television , beam steering , spatial light modulators , and a variety of other applications . | 6Physics
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