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to provide an additive for drilling mud , used in drilling for petroleum , natural gas , civil engineering , mines , etc ., which has high heat resistance and high mechanical shear resistance , of which the viscous property does not degrade even under high - temperature and high - shear conditions ; has high pseudoplastic flowability and therefore secures high flowability during discharging ; and is a naturally - derived one and is therefore highly biodegradable and has least adverse impact on environment . an additive for drilling mud , which contains cellulose fibers having a number - average fiber diameter of from 2 to 500 nm and a fiber aspect ratio of 50 or more and having a cellulose i - type crystal structure . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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method and apparatus are provided for use in a frame - based semantic network wherein at least one specialization slot - control frame defining a specialized behavior is linked to a base slot - control frame defining a global behavior in a hierarchical data structure . slot behavior is attached to an occurrence of the slot in any other frame such that the slot and its behaviors are inherited to related frames as a unit . all specialized behaviors are compiled into a compact internal format and stored in a reserved space in the slot - control frame . the method and apparatus have particular utility in knowledge - based or expert systems . | 6Physics
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a fish tape reel has an ergonomic pistol grip and ergonomic hand grips at an inner periphery of a hollow housing . fish tape is wound into the housing cavity by rotating the housing with respect to the pistol grip . this can be done manually by grasping the interior handle or using a ratcheted winder that fits into the housing opening and has a lever handle for ratcheting the housing . the reel is held with the housing beneath the pistol grip which has a retainer shoe slidably sandwiched between halves of the housing . the pistol grip is positioned behind a vertical center line of the reel so that the weight of the reel is balanced in a neutral position in which the pistol grip can be grasped with the user &# 39 ; s wrist being essentially straight and horizontal . a method of assembling the reel is also disclosed in which the fish tape is attached and wound after the housing is assembled . | 7Electricity
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a method and apparatus for supporting routing area update procedures in a single tunnel general packet radio services - based wireless communication system are disclosed . a wireless transmit / receive unit sends a routing area update request message to a serving general packet radio service support node via a radio network controller . the sgsn sends an update packet data protocol context request message to a gateway gprs support node . the ggsn sends an update pdp context response message to the sgsn . the sgsn sends a tunnel establishment request message to the rnc and a single tunnel is established between the rnc and the ggsn . for handover operations , a previous single tunnel established between the ggsn and another rnc is released and the routing area update is accepted and completed . | 7Electricity
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a lateral bipolar transistor affording a good controllability for a base length is disclosed . in fabricating a lateral bipolar transistor by forming a single crystal column and disposing heavily doped polycrystalline regions on both sides of the column , contact surfaces between the single crystal column and the heavily doped polycrystalline regions are controlled by etching of an oxide film . the etching of the oxide film can provide a device of a precision higher than attained by controlling any other element . | 7Electricity
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an asynchronous form of pipeline processor has a storage capability for partially processed data . when the processor is empty , it functions as a combinatorial circuit producing resultant data processed as desired . as necessary , the processor registers data , however , it continues to advance other data as rapidly as possible . a control unit individually provides binary control signals to a plurality of processing apparatus to maintain order with respect to processing and storing data . switching structures controlled by the control unit along with amplifiers are provided at the input and output of individual processors to set the processing apparatus to process or store data . processing several sets of data simultaneously while preserving proper order enables the system to do logic and arithmetic processing at a relatively high speed . | 6Physics
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a sensor circuit device for detecting an open circuit to an electronic component is disclosed . the sensor circuit includes a detector circuit operatively coupled to the electronic component , with the electronic component drawing a known current and with the detector circuit including an energy storage component . a charging circuit is arranged to charge the energy storage component , and a processing system is operatively coupled to the detector circuit . the processing system is arranged to monitor the voltage across the energy storage component , and the processing system determines the fault status indicative of an actual current drawn by the electronic component . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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this application discloses a process to synthesize 8 - phenyl )- ethoxy )- methyl ]- 8 - pheny - 1 , 7 - diazaspirodecan - 2 - one comprising reacting a compound of the formula 27a - sulfonate with zinc in the presence of acetic acid . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a voltage regulator includes a voltage source for providing an input voltage and circuitry for regulating the input voltage to provide an output voltage . the circuitry for regulating the input voltage includes at least a high side switch and a low side switch . a skip mode controller controls the high side switch and the low side switch in order to minimize conduction losses and switching losses within the voltage regulator . | 7Electricity
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the hydraulic control system disclosed herein employs a pair of combination poppet / spool valves to control the operation of a hydraulic cylinder driven from a bidirectional pump . flow introduced through the source port of one valve lifts the poppet of the other valve on its way to one side of the cylinder which in turn opens a throttling port to modulate return flow from the other side of the cylinder . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a pharmaceutical composition and a method of treating inflammation in a mammal . the method administers the therapeutic composition to the mammal . the therapeutic composition includes : a standard therapeutic dose of a cox2 inhibitor consisting of celecoxib or rofecoxib ; and low dose aspirin in an amount of 70 - 85 mg . | 0Human Necessities
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provided herein are compounds , compositions containing the compounds , and methods for the treatment of cancer in a cancer patient . in particular , the compounds are made by a process comprising treating a first compound represented by either formula g ′ or formula m ′: with a second compound of generalized formula r 8 r 9 c 2 and an acid selected from the group consisting of camphor sulfonic acid , p - toluene sulfonic acid , hydrochloric acid and acetic acid , wherein r 1 and r 2 are each selected from h , an alkyl group , an olefinic group , an aromatic group , an o - alkyl group , an o - olefinic group , or an o - aromatic group ; r 7 is an alkyl group , an olefinic group , or an aromatic group ; p 1 is a hydroxyl protecting group ; p 5 is h or an acid labile protecting group at the 7 - o position ; r 8 is h , alkyl group , olefinic or aromatic group ; and r 9 is : h , alkyl group , olefinic or aromatic or is as defined in the specification . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a grapple skidder for dragging a bundle of logs or trees from one location to a selected site . the grapple skidder comprises a boom and grapple assembly including a grapple suspended from an arched boom arm pivotally mounted to a linear main boom pivotable between forward and rearward inclined positions . a heel is directly mounted on the underside of the main boom to provide an arresting surface against which the butt ends of the trees abut when the boom and grapple assembly is operated to lift a bundle of trees over another bundle of trees lying on the ground . the arresting surface retains the grasped trees against pivotal movement due to gravitational forces , whereby pivotal movement of the main boom in a direction opposite to that which tend to be induced by the gravitational forces results in the trees being completely lifted off the ground . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a user - programmable integrated circuit that includes over the same silicon die a ) a set of programmable logic cells such as the ones used in already reported fpgas ; b ) a set of programmable mixed signal and analog cells , in particular the necessary circuitry for signal conditioning acquisition and generation , such as operational amplifiers , filters , comparators , analog - to - digital converters and digital - to - analog converters ; c ) a microprocessor used both for controlling and configuring the whole system and for running general purpose user programs ; and d ) optimized interfaces between these three blocks that would allow the user to read the digital signals implemented in the programmable logic array as memory locations in real time , directly interface the digital part of the analog and digital signals from the microprocessor and from the programmable logic , and configure and dynamically reconfigure all the programmable features of the system with the microprocessor , between countless other possibilities . | 6Physics
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transistor gate linewidths can be made to be effectively smaller by etching a notch at the bottom of the gate to reduce the effective linewidth . this can be done by etching at a layer interface , such as a silicon - germanium interface in an over - etch step . | 7Electricity
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a ballast circuit includes an equalizer transformer for equalizing current between two or more lamps operated in parallel , combined on one core with a choke . in a 2 - lamp embodiment , four windings are provided on one main core . the first and second are closely coupled and have n turns each , each connected separately to one of the lamps . a third and fourth winding are loosely coupled with respect to each other , and are arranged symmetrically about the first and second windings on the main core . these latter windings may be connected in series or in parallel to be an inductive impedance in the ballast circuit . | 7Electricity
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an apparatus for providing heat sinks or heat spreaders for stacked semiconductor devices . alignment apparatus may be included for the alignment of the stacked semiconductor devices . an enclosure may be used as the heat sink or heat spreader . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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the present disclosure relates to providing a user interface for the effective generation of differential gloss images . the user is instructed to indicate the base primary image data , and the desired gloss image data . this data may be displayed for verification and position adjustment by superimposition of the gloss image data upon the base image data . in an alternative , the placement information may be inferred from the position of originals upon the scanner or copier platen and the result may or may not be displayed . by selectively applying halftones with different anisotropic structure orientation characteristics to the base primary image data as directed by the desired gloss image data , a differential gloss image file or hardcopy may be provided . | 7Electricity
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a personal boat carrying apparatus is provided for supporting a kayak or similar boat on a user during a portage to make portaging a kayak easier and less uncomfortable . the apparatus is lightweight but durable and has a body with a curved and arched center portion for resting on the shoulders of a user carrying the kayak , and two opposite body ends . each body end has a support arm which pivots from a closed position to one or more open positions . the pivoting support arm provides multiple open positions to allow the apparatus to support kayaks and similar boats of different widths and configurations . each support may have a swiveling bracket for engaging the gunwale of the cockpit of the kayak or similar boat . when the support arms are in the closed position , the apparatus may be compactly stored in the boat or elsewhere . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a pulse photometry probe having the following structure is disclosed . a tape - shaped compressive bandage section has a first surface , a second surface opposing to the first surface , a first through hole and a second through hole each connecting the first surface and the second surface . the bandage section is adapted to be wound around a living tissue such that the first surface is brought into contact with the living tissue . a light emitter emits light toward a living tissue . the light emitter detachably attached on a first position of the second surface such that the light passes through the first through hole . a light receiver receives the light which has been emitted from the light emitter and transmitted through the living tissue . the light receiver detachably attached on a second position of the second surface such that the light passes through the second through hole . | 0Human Necessities
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a method and apparatus for assigning an ip address , in a modular network system , to at least one client premise equipment device coupled by a communications link to a router , wherein the last octet of said ip address may be one of at least three different values . | 7Electricity
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a system may include a holder including a wearable component , a dock coupled to the wearable component ; a memory coupled to the dock ; and a computing device removeably coupled to the dock . the computing device receives from and stores data to the memory . the data is capable of causing the coupled computing device to automatically adopt a mode of another computing device coupled to the dock at a different time . | 6Physics
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this invention relates to an improvement in an apparatus for dispensing a ribbon between layers of web material and more particularly , to an automated and remote positioning system of ribbon dispensers which are precisely positioned with respect to the web material by a controlling and monitoring system and are physically easily accessible for maintenance by an operator . the automated and remote positioning system of ribbon dispensers includes locking means interacting with either the apparatus or with a traversing mechanism such as a lead screw to move the ribbon dispensers . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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disclosed is a lid commonly used for attachment atop dumpsters , trash bins , or waste containers of the type having a circular cross - sectioned lid rod . the lid comprises a three - dimensional rectangular structure reinforced by contoured ribs running lengthwise and further having the capability of being hingedly operated at either the front end or the rear end of the lid . co - axial , horizontally - oriented circular apertures are provided proximate the front end and rear end of each of the ribs . the apertures permit the hinged attachment of the lid to the waste containers . in this manner , an advantage accrues to a commercial user in that , after a certain amount of wear and tear , the lid may be removed from the waste container and the opposite aperture end may then be attached to the lid rod and used for another extended period of time . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a system for determining the type of graphical data within a scanned image . the system scans an image to obtain grayscale image data , and then performs a density slice operation on the grayscale image data , using a predetermined grayscale range , to produce binary image data . the system erodes the binary image data , and counts the number of black pixels remaining within the image data . if the count of the black pixels within the image exceeds a maximum acceptable pixel count , the area is considered to be continuous tone , such as a photograph , otherwise , the region is considered to be bi - tonal , such as line art or text . the system can also perform multiple density slices and erosions , using different grayscale ranges , or the results , and then analyze the result of the or operation to determine the type of image . | 6Physics
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a project analysis system and method is described to allow for automated generation of scalable bootable applications and downloadable applications , preferably in connection with an integrated development environment . the project analysis system and method includes facilities for automatically identifying and including software components in application development projects based on symbol dependencies and component dependencies . the project analysis system and method also includes facilities for automatically identifying and removing software components in application development projects where no symbol dependencies or component dependencies exist , thereby removing unused code . a graphical user interface is provided for user display and selection of includable and excludable components . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a magneto - optical recording medium includes a magneto - optical layer , a reflection layer and an inorganic dielectric layer interposed therebetween . the dielectric layer is extremely thin so that it will exhibit almost no optical effect , thereby allowing a high cn ratio to be obtained . thermal conductivity of the dielectric layer is so low that the magneto - optical and reflection layers are thermally isolated from each other . that is , if refractive index of the dielectric layer is n , thickness of the dielectric layer is t , and the thermal conductivity of the dielectric layer is c - 1 ), then the thickness t is set within a range that satisfies the following equation : 5n - 4 ≦ t ≦. sup .- 0 . 4 where c ≦ 4j - 1 . | 6Physics
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a qos based selection of access network allows a ue to transmit different data traffic flows using different access technologies . the selection is done in accordance with information provided in the andsf . this allows a network operator to determine how different data traffic is routed , which can allow for better network utilization planning | 7Electricity
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a sample introduction system includes a drop chamber which can be sealed and outgassed and which includes a movable jaw selectively holding the sample in position above a conduit communicating with an open crucible for receiving a sample once the jaw has been moved to an open position releasing the sample . the jaw is actuated by a magnetic field which moves the jaw in an entirely enclosed system , thereby preventing the introduction of atmospheric contaminants during the operation of the sample dropping jaw from a closed , sample holding position to an open sample releasing position . by providing a magnetic actuator , such as a solenoid , for operation of the jaw , the sample chamber remains sealed during the sample dropping operation preventing contaminants from interfering with the analytical results . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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a mortar composition based on aluminous cement which provides an attractive ceramic tile - like surface gloss and other desirable properties including superb hardness , reduced water absorption , high strength , high acid resistance , and good heat and weather resistance , is disclosed . also disclosed is a molded article of manufacture which comprises the mortar composition , as well as fiber - reinforced mortar compositions and molded articles of manufacture made therefrom . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an automated system based on an integral fluid bag for administering a variety of intravenous drug regimens and reducing the vagaries of existing manual systems . the fluid has multiple chambers configured to implement a prescribed intravenous medical therapy . each chamber &# 39 ; s geometry , sequence and position , alone and in combination with the other chambers , matches the prescribed intravenous therapy or drug regimen . the bag &# 39 ; s configuration assures that the intravenous therapy is administered in accordance with the prescribed drug regimen , thus automating the previous manual method . a choice of fluid bag configurations may be stocked so that a prescription for well known and widely accepted drug regimens may be filled by merely selecting a bag with the appropriate chamber configuration and filling it with the prescribed medications . | 0Human Necessities
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hair cutters having a hair cutting blade laterally adjustable to selectable hair cutting positions within a cage of wire tines including substantial improvements in cage and frame construction . in one embodiment , the cage is longitudinally slidable relative to the blade carrier to provide access to the blade for replacement purposes while in a second embodiment , the blade and its retaining means are longitudinally slidable from within the cage . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a storage container includes a base and a plurality of walls extending upwardly from the base . at least one of the walls includes a plurality of projections on its exterior at different heights . the interior of the wall includes a plurality of channels into which the projections of a like container would be slidably received when the empty containers are nested . a plurality of supports are pivotably connected to the container and can be selectably pivoted to block selected ones of the plurality of channels such that the projections are supported on the supports and do not enter the channels , thereby supporting the upper container at a selected height . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a method to more accurately monitor remaining battery life under varying load conditions . the measured battery voltage is adjusted for the current load and then used to determine the remaining battery life according to the battery voltage discharge curve for the battery type and chemistry . advantageously , in an embodiment the present invention the remaining battery life can be determined despite fluctuations in the current due to a changing load and without monitoring current flow so that the determination of battery life is independent of the battery charging process . | 6Physics
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an alignment tool for adjusting the position of a first body relative to aecond body in a severely limited working space . the tool rigidly attaches to the first body and operates through a fork against a pin which is rigidly fixed to the second body . the fork is driven laterally by a lead screw which is driven by a perpendicular input shaft through a pair of 45 ° bevel gears . a conventional socket wrench type tool supplies input torque . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a throat section of a venturi for passing a flow of fluid therethrough comprises a plurality of spaced parallel physical barriers . the physical barriers are oriented parallel to the direction of fluid flow through the throat section . the throat section is installed in a throat zone of a venturi scrubber defined by an upstream zone having an unobstructed upstream section , a throat zone having the throat section , and a downstream section . the spaces between adjacent barriers are from about 3 / 16 inches to about 8 inches so as to create free stream zones between adjacent barriers . each barrier may have a selected length which decreases with distance from the axis of the throat section . a method for treating a stream of effluent fluid containing entrained particulates by introducing the effluent fluid and target droplets into the throat section so as to promote impaction therebetween is also described . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a printer for forming an inkjet image has an advance mechanism for a print substrate . the printer includes an advance mechanism for moving a print substrate in a transport direction . the advance mechanism includes a feed roller engaging the print substrate on a first surface of the print substrate for applying a driving force thereto and a pressure roller , being arranged opposite to the feed roller . the pressure roller has a textured outer surface which texture is in operation in rolling contact with a second surface of the print substrate . the texture of the outer surface is provided with a plurality of protrusions . the pressure roller diminishes print artifacts , which are related to an irregular crystallization of the hot melt ink . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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the present invention relates to a method of consuming a universal potent healing tonic . when consumed according to the method , of a host of medical ailments can be abated including cancer , arthritis , and insomnia . | 0Human Necessities
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method and apparatus for detecting the presence of or removing chlorine in a gaseous product stream from a chlorine dioxide generator by mixing gaseous ammonia or ammonia vapors with the product stream and either observing smoke generated by the reaction of ammonia with any chlorine present in the chlorine dioxide product stream or separating reaction products from the chlorine dioxide . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a tunable capacitor includes a first electrode and a second electrode , each being formed of a conductive material . the tunable capacitor further includes a third electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode , and a dielectric material interposed between the first electrode and the third electrode , and between the second electrode and the third electrode . the third electrode is movable relative to the first electrode and the second electrode by a stepper motor , to adjust and tune a capacitance of the tunable capacitor . | 7Electricity
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field isolation between arrayed picture cells of an image sensor is fabricated thinner than the insulation layer for the peripheral portion of ccd operatively connected to picture cells . the field isolation is fabricated by a selective thermal oxidization , by which the isolation film inflates not only vertically but also laterally , therefore the thinner isolation layer can be narrower . and , the lower applied voltage to the picture cell than applied voltage to the ccd portion allows the narrower isolation . the narrower field isolation between the picture cells allows greater density of integration of the picture cells . procedures to embody the invention are disclosed , one of which is to fabricate the thinner isolation first , and another one is the thicker insulation layer first . | 7Electricity
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a channel map in an electronic television program guide system that includes channel numbers and alphanumeric channel labels is updated . the tuner in the system is tuned to a channel number of a television channel that is included in the channel map . data is extracted from the television signal that includes an alphanumeric label for the tuned television channel . the channel mapis revised according to the alphanumeric label for the tuned television channel if the alphanumeric label in the extracted data for the tuned television channel does not correspond with the alphanumeric channel label stored in the channel map for the tuned television channel . | 7Electricity
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this invention provides an optical image capturing lens system comprising : a negative first lens element having a convex object - side surface and a concave image - side surface at the paraxial region ; a positive second lens element ; a negative third lens element ; a positive fourth lens element having a convex image - side surface at the paraxial region ; and a negative plastic fifth lens element having a convex object - side surface at the paraxial region as well as a concave at the paraxial region and convex at the peripheral region image - side surface , at least one of the object - side and image - side surfaces being aspheric . the optical image capturing lens system of the present invention effectively increases the angle of view to a proper range and suppresses the distortion . in addition , the present invention has a tighter arrangement of the lens elements and a smaller back focal length , and therefore is more appropriate for the compact device . | 6Physics
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a disposable carton accommodates food and drinks of a type commonly associated with fast food restaurants and spectator events . the carton includes a bottom and sidewalls which cooperate to form an upwardly opening box configuration . overlapping top panels are selectively interconnected to partially enclose the carton . at least one skewed intermediate panel is disposed between a sidewall and a top panel . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a combination programmer and line switch for an appliance having a rotary program cam and a timing motor connected for advancing the cam . an upper line power contact blade is moved between high and low positions by a manual actuator . a lower contact blade is maintained stationary and is adapted for connection to certain appliance load functions . an intermediate program contact blade series connected to the timing motor has a follower biased against the program cam and is adapted for connection to all appliance functions . with the upper contact in the high position , the motor circuit is open for all positions of the program and in the low position the timing motor is energized . alternatively , the program cam may include a line contact switch override to maintain the intermedaite blade in contact with the upper blade for both positions of the manual actuator . | 7Electricity
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an emulator schedules emulation threads for dma emulation and other emulation functions in a time - multiplexed manner . emulation threads are selected for execution according to a load balancing scheme . non - dma emulation threads are executed until their execution time period expires or they stall . dma emulation thread execution is allowed to execute indefinitely until the dma emulation thread stalls . the dma emulation thread prefetches additional adjacent data in response to target computer system dma requests . upon receiving a target computer system dma request , the dma emulation thread first checks to the prefetched data to see if this data matches the request . if so , the request is fulfilled using the prefetched data . if the prefetched data does not match the target computer system dma request , the dma emulation thread fetches and stores the requested data and additional adjacent data for potential future use . | 6Physics
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a lifting hook for lifting open - frame steel joists comprises a casing having a shaft passing through it . the shaft has a lifting eye at one end and a hook member at the other end . the hook member comprises a u - shaped body having a transverse width selected to be less than the gap between the angles that form the upper flange of the open - frame joist . the hook member has a throat that is larger than the width of the flange . the shaft is spring - loaded so that the hook member is pulled toward the lower bearing surface of the casing so that once the hook member has been inserted into the joist , it is keyed to the flange and will not come loose . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a uniform , portion pre - sliced roast beef product is made without objectionable loss of original muscle and fiber by : trimming a primal cut of beef ; vacuum tumbling with water to soften and extract protein binder ; forming and placing into a shape - determining cylindrical cook encasement ; cooking ; crust cooling and removing the encasement ; slicing in one pass cross grain through a multi - blade slicer in a manner to exclude air contacting the slices ; and vacuum packaging . the product stores well with essentially no blooming and without change in taste . | 0Human Necessities
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the disclosed technology is directed to a floating system capable of facilitating transmitting underwater signals to an abovewater device . the system includes a first housing , a second housing , an antenna , a signal emitter , a signal converter , and a signal interface . the first and second housings collectively form an enclosed space . the antenna is vertically positioned on the top surface of the first main body . the signal emitter and the signal converter are positioned in the enclosed space and coupled to the antenna . the signal interface is positioned on the bottom surface of the second housing and coupled to the converter . a user can connect an underwater camera to the signal interface and transmit images captured underwater to another abovewater device through the floating system . | 7Electricity
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the adjustable firearm support of present invention works in combination with a firearm stock having a butt pad bolt or a stock built of sufficient materials to fasten to utilizing a common threaded fastener . this adjustable firearm support includes a support rod , base member , a positioning block , positioning pin and a support leg . the positioning block is pivotably received by the base member for rotating movement between a first retracted position and a second extended position for use . a locking mechanism allows an operator to selectively lock the adjustable firearm support in either the retracted or extended position . in one embodiment of the adjustable support , a base member is adapted to fit the generally upright inside surface of a fire arm stock so configured and employ a unique internally threaded socket bolt to capture and tighten up against a bolt which is carried by the firearm stock . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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the federal communications commission order 05 - 116 , e911 requirements for ip - enabled service providers , requires interconnected voice over internet protocol service providers to deliver all emergency service calls to a voip service user &# 39 ; s local emergency service operator as a standard feature of the service . under the fcc order , voip service providers must supply emergency service if the voip service user accesses the voip service over broadband and if the voip service provider interconnects to and from the public switched telephone network . embodiments of the present invention guarantee compliance with the fcc order by routing a call as either a voip call over the internet or as a conventional call over the pstn , verifying that at least one of the voip or pstn telephony connections supports emergency service and routing calls over that connection or , if there is no connection supplying emergency service , restricting calling over the voip connection . | 7Electricity
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a plurality of cameras observe a space and provide real - time video signals . a local server receives the signals and generates virtual video signals for transmission over the internet to remote users &# 39 ; devices . each remote user is provided with an interface for virtual navigation within the space . upon receiving a remote user &# 39 ; s navigation command , the local server adjusts the virtual video signal to show what the user would see if the user were actually moving within the space . the virtual video signal is produced for each user , so that the users can virtually navigate independently . | 7Electricity
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a method for treating a coating on a substrate includes depositing a multilayer coating on the substrate and adiabatically heating a portion of the multilayer coating with an energy source . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a virtual orthodontic treatment method and a system thereof , the method comprising the following : providing a virtual diagnostic setup model of teeth of at least one jaw of an individual , associating each teeth in said model with its corresponding virtual orthodontic appliance to obtain a first composite model and repositioning teeth into an initial treatment state according to pre - defined appliances - dependent rules . in the initial treatment state , selecting one or more teeth and reassociating the teeth with their corresponding virtual orthodontic appliance by changing the position of the appliance corresponding to the selected tooth thereby causing repositioning of the teeth according to the appliance - dependence rules . an altered treatment state is obtained , yielding a better grade , according to one or more systems for grading an orthodontic model , as compared to the grade of the initial treatment state . | 0Human Necessities
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an athletic training device having at least a base , a pad assembly and biasing members is adapted to permit primary rotation and translation , as well as secondary rotation of the pad assembly . primary movement may be triggered by an operator to assist in developing faster player reaction times , while the secondary movement is permitted to assist players in developing techniques involved in engaging an opposing player . | 0Human Necessities
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a capacitive sensor detects an object , in particular detects a collision in the case of a movable vehicle part . the sensor has an electrode arrangement which contains at least one sensor electrode . the sensor also has an evaluation circuit which is connected downstream of the sensor electrode and is intended to process a reception signal generated in the sensor electrode . in this case , the evaluation circuit contains a transimpedance amplifier which has a device for compensating for the frequency response . | 6Physics
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an optical disk and method of preparing it in which a macromolecular substrate has information bits mechanically formed on its surface and a reflective metallic reflective film is deposited thereover . the grain size of the metallic reflective film is kept to less than 50 nanometers by depositing at a rate of no more than 1 . 5 nanometers per second . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a seed metering system , for use on a row crop planter , selects individual seeds from a seed reservoir and dispenses the seeds singularly at a controlled rate . a direct drive seed metering system includes a seed disc having a plurality of suction apertures with a recessed pocket adjacent to an aperture . the recessed pockets act to agitate seeds in the seed reservoir and to direct seed flow towards the apertures . a seed path relief system provides for allowing the placement of the seeds such that they are released from an outer edge of the seed disc . an adjustable seed singulator is mounted adjacent to the face of the seed disc where inner and outer blades are adjusted radially to compensate for the singulation of various seed sizes and shapes . the seed disc is driven via engagement of an internal gear with the external gear of an independent drive motor . | 0Human Necessities
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a thermionic electric converter is disclosed wherein an externally located heat source causes electrons to be boiled off an electron emissive surface interiorly positioned on one end wall of an evacuated cylindrical chamber . the electrons are electrically focused and accelerated through the interior of an air core induction coil located within a transverse magnetic field , and subsequently are collected on the other end wall of the chamber functioning as a collecting plate . the emf generated in the induction coil by action of the transiting electron stream interacting with the transverse magnetic field is applied to an external circuit to perform work , thereby implementing a direct heat energy to electrical energy conversion . | 7Electricity
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a granular , agglomerated , powdered or liquid detergent composition comprising a surface - active quaternary ammonium compound , a slightly water - soluble nonionic polypropylene oxide - polyethylene oxide condensation product , and either a surface - active betaine or a sultaine . the detergent composition is designed particularly for washing glassware , china , and glazed or vitreous articles . it provides not only good cleaning , especially fat removal and suspension , but also imparts to the washed articles persistent rinse water drainage characteristics which substantially minimize the filming , streaking , spotting of the washed , rinsed and air - dried articles . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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n - benzylpiperidineisoindolinones , which have activity as class iii antiarrhythmic agents , acting by prolonging cardiac action potential repolarization . the invention further provides for compositions incorporating the compounds and methods of their use , as well as providing for pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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an improved photovoltaic panel and method of forming a photovoltaic panel are disclosed for producing a high efficiency cds / cdte photovoltaic cell . the photovoltaic panel of the present invention is initially formed with a substantially thick cds layer , and the effective thickness of the cds layer is substantially reduced during regrowth to both form larger diameter cdte crystals and substantially reduce the effective thickness of the c this invention was made with government support under subcontract no . zl - 7 - 06031 - 3 awarded by the department of energy . the government has certain rights in this invention . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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the present invention relates to attenuated guab deletion mutants of a bacterium infecting veterinary species , more in particular salmonella enterica , to their use and production . the present invention further relates to live attenuated vaccines based on such mutants for preventing bacterial infections , and more in particular salmonellosis , in a veterinary species , more in particular poultry . | 0Human Necessities
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a system for providing notification , to the associated operating system , of removal and replacement of i / o devices during operation of a multiprocessor computer system running multiple operating systems . the system includes a plurality of cells , each containing multiple risc processors , low - level i / o firmware , a local service processor , scratch ram , external registers , a memory and i / o manager , and interfacing hardware . each partition comprises one or more cells and runs its own operating system . each cell is connected to a peripheral backplane containing a plurality of peripheral i / o card slots via a switch on the system backplane , which also connects the cell to a supervisory processor , which sends card slot status information to the appropriate cell . each i / o card slot has an associated latch which provides an indication , to the supervisory processor , that a platform event has occurred . platform events include inserting or removing an i / o card to / from a card slot , and opening an access panel that provides access to the i / o cards . | 6Physics
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the invention relates to a shock absorption device comprising at least one elongated element for transmitting flexional forces , oriented longitudinally with respect to the ski and having a free end adapted to be displaced longitudinally during bias in flexion . the device comprises likewise : a housing rigidly connected to the ski , provided with an opening for the passage of the free end of the elongated element and an internal seat allowing for the free back and forth movement of the said free end in translation ; at least one shock absorption plate guided in translation in the said seat , comprising at least one layer made out of flexible and / or viscoelastic material in direct contact with the free end ; and an indexing means making it possible to select the number of small plates in the translationally latched position in this said seat , and whose layer of flexible and / or viscoelastic material is biased in shear during displacement of the free end in the seat . | 0Human Necessities
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a backpack assembly modified and constructed with a canopy type apparatus having upper and lower frame members . the canopy portion constructed and functioning primarily as canopies commonly used on baby strollers . the canopy consisting of a flange member and a tubular shaped canopy frame member , adjoined to the lower frame which is u - shaped in nature by a connection device that superimposes both frames and secured within by rivets . the flange member having apertures that allow pivotal movement between desired positions . the lower frame being telescopic in nature has notches allowing the canopy to be adjusted upward and downward . adjustable shoulder and waist straps secure the assembly on the users body . a second set of straps attached to the shoulder straps are pulled forward in a downward motion to quickly and easily raising the canopy to its deployed position . a poncho being connected integrated within a designated storage compartment also quickly releases by using the same release method with another set of straps to provide maximum protection during inclement weather conditions . a detachable pillow being structurally positioned for lumbar support if needed . the final portion consists of a carrying case fabricated to provide preservation , safe transporting and / or storage of the assembly when not in use . | 0Human Necessities
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the invention relates to the synthesis of 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 - tetrahydroperfluoroalkanols and their esters by oxidizing a 2 - ethyl iodide using hydrogen peroxide in a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester in the presence of sulphuric acid . in the process according to the invention , from 1 to 30 moles of sulphuric acid , from 1 to 50 moles of carboxylic acid or of an ester of such an acid , and from 3 to 20 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of 2 - perfluoralkyl ) ethyl iodide are used . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a method for coating a pump component , in particular , a part of an axial piston pump , having the steps of providing a blank of the component , providing at least one recess in the blank , filling a powdery coating material into the associated recess , melting the coating material under a protective gas atmosphere and material - removing processing of the blank to form at least one sliding and / or bearing surface from the coating . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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an image density control method for an image forming apparatus for forming a plurality of exclusive patterns on a photoconductive element , or image carrier , and controlling an image forming condition based on the exclusive patterns so as to control image density . the exclusive patterns include a high density black pattern and a low density white pattern . while a scanner included in the apparatus is brought to and held at a predetermined position , a latent image of the low densit white pattern is electrostatically formed on the photoconductive element . while the scanner is in a reciprocating motion , a latent image of the high density black pattern is formed on the photoconductive element . the plurality of patterns formed on the photoconductive element are sensed to correct toner density and background output based on sensed values , whereby accurate image density control is promoted . | 6Physics
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virus infections promoting chronic fatigue can be diagnosed by assessing the 2 &# 39 ;- 5 &# 39 ; a / rnase l pathway , including measurement of 2 &# 39 ;- 5 &# 39 ; a oligonucleotide levels in the patient &# 39 ; s circulating peripheral leucocytes , and comparing these resuls with those of healthy individuals . double - stranded rnas , notably mismatched dsrnas , when administered in appropriate amounts , increase the 2 &# 39 ;- 5 &# 39 ; a and normalize the antiviral pathway in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and improve the clinical symptoms . | 0Human Necessities
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a label cutter comprises a movable cutting blade , a pre - tensioning device , and a trigger . the pre - tensioning device pre - tensions the cutting blade into an arrested position . upon its release , the cutting blade moves from the arrested position to a cutting position for cutting a label strip . in the arrested position , the cutting blade is retracted behind a component of the cutter . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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an interactive dvd browser in accordance with the dvd specification for read - only discs is capable of accessing remotely located data over the internet through a technique which contemplates new navigation commands as well as the embedding of html page addresses in navigation commands in place of data stream identifiers currently unused by the dvd specification . a navigation command is supplied to the interactive dvd browser indicating the browser should change data sources . the navigation command includes a network protocol address , in the form of html page address , as well as a local address of the user &# 39 ; s default internet browser . a second command specifies a predetermined period of time in which the browser should wait until the internet browser establishes a hyperlink to the remote source of presentation data specified by the network page address . if the data resident at the specified address is suitable for presentation by the dvd browser , the data is presented , otherwise , the dvd browser will wait while the network browser presents non - dvd compliant data . the technique enables software updates , on - line registration and other dynamic data activities to occur with a legacy dvd browser while still complying with the dvd specification for read - only disc . | 7Electricity
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an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a main assembly ; a cartridge including process means actable on an electrophotographic photosensitive member , the process cartridge being detachably mountable relative to the main assembly ; an opening , provided in the main assembly of the apparatus , for permitting mounting and demounting of the cartridge ; an openable member , provided in the main assembly of the apparatus , for openably closing the opening ; an exposure device , provided on the openable member , for exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member ; the cartridge including a first unit , and a second unit pivotably connected with the first unit ; a first positioning portion provided in the main assembly of the apparatus , wherein the exposure device is provided with a second positioning portion for positioning between the exposure device and the second unit of the cartridge by engagement with the cartridge by closing the openable member . | 6Physics
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a method , apparatus and system for securely providing material to a licensee of the material are described . in each , at least one license key is provided , preferably along with a license including usage rights for requested content or material to the licensee . the material requested and licensed by the licensee is provided to the licensee encrypted with at least one content key . to achieve a second - level of security , the at least one content key is provided to the licensee encrypted with the at least one license key so that both the at least one content key and the at least one license key are necessary for the licensee to decrypt and use the encrypted material . | 6Physics
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a method for mounting a wick within a wick sustainer is disclosed . the sustainer has a base , a barrel and a passage that extends through the sustainer . the passage has an upper region occupied by the wick and a lower region occupied , at least partially , by the sealant . sealing the lower region of the passage is accomplished by injecting the sealant into the passage , thereby preventing the fuel from contacting the portion of the wick that is retained in the upper region of the passage . fuel reaches the flame of the burning wick only through the portion of wick not held in the sustainer , so the flame is extinguished once the fuel descends below the top of the sustainer . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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a system and method for controlling the work flow or processing of scanned images is disclosed . the system and method identify appropriate image processing techniques , particularly techniques well - suited to enable image compression yet maintain image quality so as to facilitate the storage and transmission of scanned image data . | 7Electricity
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a novel press - fit electrically - conductive contact member , as , for example , an electrically - conductive metal pin , characterized by a conforming section which has an elastically - deformable region which acts as a spring and which is adapted to engage a substrate hole in a press - fitting relationship . the conforming section comprises opposed beam members configured to accommodate a considerably larger hole tolerance yet still provide sufficient retention force to stabilize the pin during a soldering process that such substrates may typically undergo . the beam cross - sections are configured to allow them to occupy a side - by - side position . contact members with the conforming section can be manufactured by a wire - forming process in which end - to - end connected pins are formed as a continuous strip needing no excess material for carrying the pins , nor are any air gaps formed between the pins , and thus the finished continuous strip of pins can be wound up on a reel . | 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
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a computerized method of administering a benefit plan providing systematic withdrawal payments during a liquidity period and annuity payments when the systematic withdrawal payments cease . the method includes steps of storing data relating to the plan , and performing a sequence of steps during the liquidity period to determine an account value , and initial and current benefit payments . the method further includes the steps of determining the account value to be annuitized at the end of the liquidity period , and determining and paying initial and current annuity payments during the annuity period . the method may be used when the benefit plan is a straight life annuity benefit plan , or a life annuity benefit plan having either a death benefit , a surrender benefit , or both . | 6Physics
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an automatic empty container return machine includes a detection unit operable for identifying whether or not an empty container is of a predetermined category , an input unit located upstream of the detection unit for receiving empty containers to supply the empty containers to the detection unit , an output unit located downstream of the detection unit for receiving empty containers that have been identified by the detection unit as being of the predetermined category , a transport stage having a conveyor for transporting empty containers from the input unit through the detection unit to the output unit , and a self - cleaning arrangement having components integrated with at least one of the input unit , detection unit , output unit and transport stage and being operable at selected times to clean surfaces thereof that are preselected to be cleaned . | 6Physics
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a stable waste receptacle has in the preferred embodiment , at least two foot pedals mounted on opposite sides of the receptacle , at the receptacle &# 39 ; s base . recessed housings are formed in the base and sides to permit the foot pedals to be withdrawn from the housings to stabilize the receptacle during trash bag removal or to be pressed back into the respective housings for telescopically stacking multiple receptacles . detents are provided to retain the foot pedals releasably in the extended and retracted positions . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a method for screening electrolytic capacitors places a capacitor in series with a resistor , applying a test voltage and following the charge curve for the capacitor . a high voltage drop across the capacitor indicates high reliability and a low voltage drop is used to reject the piece . the leakage current is not adversely affected during the test . | 6Physics
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heat is conducted , from a heat generating electronic device that is mounted in a gap between a circuit board and a heat dissipator , along a path that includes a path segment that passes along conductive runs on the circuit board and another segment that spans the gap at a location adjacent to the device , the other path segment being spanned predominantly by a non - metallic piece that has a thermal conductivity of at least 7 w / m -° k . | 7Electricity
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a unit for the transfer and distribution of a liquid using capillary action has an elongated shaft and a screen . the shaft includes a first capillary medium suitable for drawing the liquid from a reservoir into the shaft when a bottom portion of the shaft is disposed in the liquid . the screen is connected to the shaft and includes a second capillary medium suitable for receiving the liquid drawn by the first capillary medium and distributing it over at least a major part of the screen where it evaporates . | 0Human Necessities
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systems and programs for improving the efficiency of a sorting process in a computer system are disclosed . data is provided in an input file external to the central processing unit of the computer system . in one embodiment , the implemented process involves investigating the contents of the input file in order to identify presorted portions thereof ; incorporating the identified presorted portions of the input file into a second file external to the central processing unit , performing this step by rearranging directory information , without physically transferring the presorted portions from the input file . in sort processes involving both a string generation phase and a merge phase , the techniques described may be used in either or both phases , as well as in any output phase . rearrange directory information rather than physically transferring data provides for greater efficiency in disk i / o . | 6Physics
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an combustion state detecting apparatus for an internal - combustion engine is equipped with : an ignition coil for applying a high voltage for igniting to the spark plugs of the cylinders of an internal - combustion engine ; an ionic current detecting circuit for applying a bias voltage to at least one spark plug to detect ionic currents flowing via the spark plug which has just been subjected to ignition control ; comparator circuits which compare detected ionic current signals with threshold values and turn them into ionic current pulses ; and an ecu which drives the ignition coil according to a crank angle signal and determines the combustion state of the internal - combustion engine . the ecu changes the threshold values for each ignition control and judges the combustion state according to the respective threshold values and the state in which the ionic current pulses are generated . | 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
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an encryption device and method and decryption device and method which implement a bit - based encryption scheme and hardware design . the encryption device includes a random number generator , receiving a main key , determining a working key using at least one random number and outputting a working key , a model , receiving the main key , the working key and plain text to be encoded and generating at least two frequency counts . the encryption device further includes an encoder , which outputs encoded text based on the working key , the plain text and the at least two frequency counts . the encryption device and method and decryption device and method progress encrypted text that is based upon a stream structure with an unlimited key length and may be compressed by 50 %. the encoded text is changeable with different environments even for the same plain text and the same key . operations of the hardware design are based on arithmetic additions and shifts , and not multiplications and divisions . as a result , the hardware design is simple and applicable to cryptography and e - commerce . | 7Electricity
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various embodiments of the invention may modify the techniques used in conventional networks , to achieve techniques that are better suited for networks that use highly directional communications . a novel method is described for determining whether a channel in such a network is idle . in addition , various protocols and formats are disclosed that are intended for such a network . | 7Electricity
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a convertible bag with storage compartments , pockets , and bottle compartments for carrying diapers , bottles , childcare supplies , or other general items . the bag can convert into a sling for carrying a child . the storage compartments , pockets , and bottle compartments of the convertible bag can still be accessed by a user even when a child is being carried in the converted sling configuration . | 0Human Necessities
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novel fluoro - containing polyetherimides are prepared from bis ether dianhydrides , fluoro - containing dianhydrides , and organic diamines . the compolymers exhibit both increased tg and increased solubility in halogenated solvents which enhances their value in a wide variety of uses including films , molding compounds , and coatings . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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a method for authorizing an access to a table of address correspondence between a multitask cpu and at least one memory containing several programs , consisting of calculating , on each task change of the cpu , a signature of at least part of the program instruction lines , and checking the conformity of this signature with a signature recorded upon previous execution of the involved program . | 6Physics
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automatic generation of post - layout optimization circuitry allows a computer system running an integrated circuit design tool to automatically compensate for timing errors by synthesizing circuit elements to bring the timing within specified timing constraints . a new circuit element is assigned a location without determining an allowable physical location on the integrated circuit , and all timing calculations are based on the assigned location . then , once the timing constraints have been met by one or more new circuit elements , an incremental layout is performed to find physical locations for the new circuit elements , using the assigned locations as initial targets . by using assigned locations during timing calculations and later determining valid physical locations , many different circuit configurations may be evaluated in a short period of time , with only the best ones going through the more time - consuming step of layout and routing . | 6Physics
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a sealed plastic container for holding an alcoholic beverage such as wine includes a receptacle for containing the alcoholic beverage therein which includes a peripheral flange about the mouth of the receptacle , a biocompatible inner surface and a wall having a low gas transmissibility and a sealing membrane detachably fixed to the flange and including a biocompatible inner surface . the sealing membrane is fitted to the peripheral flange such that it can undergo displacement in the event of expansion of the contents of the container . the container including a biocompatible gas other than oxygen and the membrane seals the alcoholic beverage from contact with air . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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a headphone assembly includes a pair of earpieces , each for engagement over one ear of a user . the earpieces are coupled to ends of an arcuate headband adapted for wear on the user &# 39 ; s head . a microphone boom for holding a microphone is retained to one of the earpieces by a housing having mating upper and lower gaskets . the gaskets have notches for retaining the microphone boom within the gaskets . | 7Electricity
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a speech signal is decoded by a vocoder and the reconstructed speech samples are provided to a decoded frame check unit . the decoded frame check unit examines the energy of the reconstructed speech and compares the energy of the reconstructed speech to a range of acceptable energy values . if the energy is not within the range of energy values , a frame erasure is declared and the decoded frame is prevented from being to the speaker in the telephone . in the exemplary implementation , the speech is reconstructed by a vocoder which includes a postfilter which in turn includes automatic gain control . the automatic gain control element of a post filter includes a means for measuring the energy of the decoded speech data . this measured energy is used by the decoded frame check unit to decide whether to provide the decoded data to the user or to declare a frame erasure . this implementation reduces the amount of additional hardware necessary to implement the present invention . | 6Physics
|
a body worn electronic device and method for training a player to improve upon the stroke of an article such as a racket in a sport wherein the device senses parameters of the player &# 39 ; s strokes to create a stoke profile , compares the sensed parameters of the stroke profile with electronically stored comparative stroke profiles and wherein feedback may be provided to the player based on the comparison of the players stroke profile and the comparative stroke profile . | 0Human Necessities
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the present invention relates to a portable directional antenna which is equipped with a camera which is integrated into the housing of the directional antenna . in addition to the conventional documentation of the position - finding information , this integrated , installed camera makes it possible , by means of the directional antenna function , to also optically document the surroundings of the interference source with a variable level of detail , for example by way long - range or short - range capture . by way of the optical additional information thus obtained , the present invention provides a simple , but nonetheless very effective , enhanced documentation option for interference sources and the surroundings thereof . thus , during the search for radio - frequency interferences , no separate camera for capturing image information has to be brought along , and this increases the comfort for a user . the present invention further relates to a portable measurement arrangement and to a method for measuring an electromagnetic signal emitted by a source . | 6Physics
|
a multiplex protective mcraly - based coating system for an m - based superalloy base material , where m is at least one of iron , cobalt and nickel , has a surface layer containing aluminides of platinum and the m constituent of the coating . there may be a single surface layer containing platinum modified aluminide , or alternatively a double surface layer in the form of a top layer containing platinum modified aluminide and a sub - surface layer containing aluminides substantially without platinum modification . the surface layer may also have extra chromium in solid solution in the m constituent of the coating , the chromium content in the surface layer of the coating being not more than about 40 wt . %, preferably 35 to 40 wt . %. the process for production of such a system involves deposition of an mcraly coating , optionally chrimizing it , and then aluminising and platinising it using appropriate amounts of platinum and appropriate heat treatments to obtain the desired variant of the coating system . alternatively , to boost aluminium levels near the surface , the coating can be platinised immediately before it is aluminised . | 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
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an apparatus for joining two optical discs into a disc assembly having multiple layers of data has a disc processing chamber for supporting the first and second discs , wherein each of the discs has a layer of data on a first side thereof . the processing chamber is fluidly connected to a tank containing a bonding fluid . a vacuum pump is selectively connectable to the processing chamber and the tank for selectively evacuating air out of each . an actuator is operatively mounted within the processing chamber and supports the first disc . the actuator moves the first side of the first disc into contact with the first side of second disc after the processing chamber has been evacuated and a bonding fluid is placed on one of the first and second discs , thereby forming a disc assembly having multiple layers of data . | 1Performing Operations; Transporting
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in one embodiment , a method of fabricating a stimulation lead for stimulation of tissue of a patient , the method comprises : providing a plurality of cables , wherein each of the cables comprises a plurality of wires twisted about a core support and disposed within an outer sheath , wherein each of the plurality of wires comprises a coating of insulative material to electrically isolate each wire from each other wire within the respective cable , each of the plurality of wires being disposed in a single layer circumferentially about a central axis of the respective cable ; wrapping the plurality of cables about a central core in a helical manner to form a cable assembly . | 0Human Necessities
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a microscope includes a base having thereon first optics that image a region that includes a location for a specimen . a method and apparatus involve : removably supporting on the base an illumination module that includes a source of radiation and second optics ; and delivering radiation from the source to the location utilizing optical structure embodied entirely within the second optics , including directing radiation traveling from the source to the location through a lens that is part of the second optics . | 6Physics
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