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working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00031.flac

throw away complexity that isn't really there it was just on the surface kind of like barnacles incrusted on a rock and you can scrub it away and you know lost yourself or to the information in the problem or you can throw away information and so

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00032.flac

example of throwing away a spurious complexity not really there is using symmetry so you look at the problem from the right way and the right orientation the right point of view and all of a sudden things are

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00033.flac

said method is a trick i used twice so once you use something like that twice you realize oh there's a method there and you give it a name you make an abstraction and collect all those uses together like you do for a folder of all your papers on one topic

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00034.flac

now the hard way of doing that if you want to exact answers you have to look at what the price of every single thing is and add it all up now computers are great at that which is why the cash register was invented and it does that for us but if you want to

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00035.flac

get a feel for the numbers you have to throw away the complexity so now one of my one daughter who's four she always says it's eight dollars no matter how much and i say ok i'll be great but unfortunately that's not right but that's the number she understands for my older daughter and i we

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00036.flac

throw away complexity but then you get some sense of what things should be in the world and you can apply this principle to all kinds of calculation in the world and ways of understanding the world to reduce the complexity such that we can fit it in our minds

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00037.flac

three for throwing in the complexity with no loss of information and for for throwing away complexity with loss of information and so these ways of thinking nine together cut across science and engineering and what i

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00038.flac

did is i realized finally this came to me i'm very late in life after working on this book and we teaching for maybe fifteen years then i finally i saw oh really the

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00039.flac

ways of reasoning are more important than the individual pieces of content which you may not use again because the ways of reasoning are more general and more transferable to students first students later in life whatever they may do

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00040.flac

now as i was saying before you need the content or the ways of reasoning are just air so they're taught in some context of some actual problem but the ways of reasoning these nine ways of reason are what i want students and all readers to take away so they can

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00041.flac

so they're the same except for one thing which is that this is two centimeters thick in this is one centimeter thick but they're both thirty centimeters long about one foot and five centimeters or about two inches wide and they're

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00042.flac

blog can you hear that so that was the thin block now i'm going to tap the thick block in exactly the same way which was just holding it here and tapping it right in the middle you think that will have a higher

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00043.flac

professors and students to think about that i usually give people a few minutes to argue back and forth about what they think will happen and then we try it and then before we try it though people make their arguments so here are some of the arguments that come up the one hand thi

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00044.flac

note made here in the thick block should be lower the other hand some people say well but the thick block is stiffer than the thin block because of that maybe this should be higher frequency than other

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00045.flac

can you hear how it's quite a bit higher

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00046.flac

and when you bend this block which is what happens when you hit it it gets bent you're bending all the spring you're stretching all the springs and you're putting a whole bunch of energy into those springs and because this block is thicker the spring

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00047.flac

here at the top he compared to the top of this block get stretched far more twice as much so they have much more energy in them and they're twice as many springs so this block takes so much more energy to bend so it's much much much stiffer

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00048.flac

that was the clean walk the spring model is an approximation it's a model it's a way of throwing away information about the world because it's not exactly a spring it doesn't behave just like a spring but it's close enough and it's that willingness to use

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00049.flac

approximate ways of reasoning to throw information that overwhelms us that allows us to make simple models that help us understand the world so that's one example of ways of thinking and how they fit into a problem and a way of

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00050.flac

looking at the world here's another which is these two combs so these two cones they're also cut out from the same sheet of paper but this one has twice the radius as this one so it is four times the area of the paper that it was

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00051.flac

which i'll do when i'm standing on the chair and second when i drop them how fast will they fall relative to each other so here are the two cones which i'll drop in just a second and you'll see which

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00052.flac

fast well because it's heavier so it pushes through the air faster why might the small cone go faster oh because it's smaller so it doesn't have so much air to fight through or maybe they're the same because there's two effects balance

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00053.flac

not clear which one is right so let's try it one two three so they hit almost exactly at the same time so those two effects almost exactly cancel

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00054.flac

almost exactly the same time and what that tells us is that the two effects exactly balance and cancel each other out so on the one hand the big cone has more air

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00055.flac

proportional to the area of the cone and then you add one more way of thinking which is part of the whole collection of ways of thinking for throwing away information without losing any information to it throwing away

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00056.flac

complexity without losing any information that method of reasoning within this group is called dimensional analysis which says that you can't add apples to oranges so you can add feet to seconds

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00057.flac

on speeds areas and density of air you can work out the gas mileage of a seven forty seven over a car you can work out how much peanut butter a bicycle it's needs to bicycle one thousand miles so you

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00058.flac

can work out the fuel efficiency of a bicyclist and you can do that all from the simple paper experiment and you can check the conclusion with this one follow up experiment so the follow up experiment is to

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00059.flac

stack four little cones together so here is one two three four so now i've made a heavy small cone four times every in this one and now the conclusion of the other

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00060.flac

looks about half the height and then i drop them at the same time and hopefully they land together exactly at the same time with almost exactly half the height for this single code so that's

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00061.flac

confirmation that the other experiment can lead to nonsense and gives us more confidence to use it to understand the physics of fuel consumption in the world around us the purpose of these ways of thinking in these demonstrations is to

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00062.flac

show you a different way of thinking about math science and engineering that it's not just a series of formulas one after the other which need to be memorized and been reproduced on a test in the numbers plugged into these pieces to get some

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00063.flac

other numbers but it's a way of understanding and making sense of the world it's a way of also getting away from that too often happens from just teaching through formulas as we teach people riggers important

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00064.flac

sit there paralyzed and there's no joy in that there's no enjoyment in looking at the world and understanding it with that kind of paralysis so these ways of thinking in these are ways of unblocking unsticking

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00065.flac

and freeing your vision in your sight your ears in your soul senses to understand and see the connection in the world around you and the demonstrations or to show that

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00066.flac

these apply to real objects that the world is actually in some way built of these ways of thinking and it's a beautiful way of looking at the world and that science math and engineering have a lot to say to

working-science_mahajan-math_SLASH_working-science_mahajan-math_DOT_mp3_00067.flac

us in that everyone should keep studying those for many years and make our world better

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

turn a boy into a man and a girl into a woman these glands are the pituitary gland the thyroid

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

hormone which controls the rate of growth of the body therefore puberty is introduced by a rapid spurt of grow

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00002.flac

growth however varies for each individual person for some the young body may start its growth by shooting up several inches in a few months for others the growth and with may come first and there is even another kind of

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00003.flac

person the body may take its own good time before it starts growing in any direction however the proportions of the body usually become balanced when the process of puberty is completed some time after the period of rapid

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00004.flac

in the female ovaries the sex glands now increase their own production of hormones with the result that the physical differences between boys and girls become more pronounced

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00005.flac

their shoulders become broader the thighs grow longer and the muscles become stronger hair begins to grow on the face under the arms and in the pubic area perspiration also increases

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00006.flac

develop sooner others later therefore wonder you're among the earlier the late ones don't let it bother you also for some boys pubic hair may be the first sign of puberty in others the

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00007.flac

change of voice and for some girls the development of breasts may indicate the beginning of puberty while another is this may be the last development to occur in addition to these developments another change

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00008.flac

unlike the male the sex glands of the female the ovaries i located well within the body at puberty the ovaries begin to discharge eggs these eggs called over are the female sex cells

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00009.flac

food from the blood in the wall lining of the uterus feeds the growing baby until it is fully developed within the mother there is no direct connection between the blood of the mother and the blood of the baby the time during which this development occurs

your_body_during_adolescence_SLASH_your_body_during_adolescence_DOT_mp3_00010.flac

become men and women bigger wronger and capable of having children of their own

why_not_live_SLASH_why_not_live_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

comfort and tomorrow

wonderful_world_3_SLASH_wonderful_world_3_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

the basic rhythm echo elsewhere around the world

wonderful_world_3_SLASH_wonderful_world_3_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

you haven't seen anything

world_at_your_call_SLASH_world_at_your_call_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

thrills of pleasure we're having a family party on our wedding anniversary it would be so nice if you could be with us

world_at_your_call_SLASH_world_at_your_call_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

a mile to see all these far off places are at your fingertips or wherever you may be or wherever you go you can have the world on your call

your_movie_camera_SLASH_your_movie_camera_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

too small the film becomes underexposed

your_movie_camera_SLASH_your_movie_camera_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

the way joe likes to do

your_movie_camera_SLASH_your_movie_camera_DOT_mp3_00002.flac

stopped you wouldn't take a camera man when he's down with

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

money people can't seem to get along without me cash or credit everybody knows there are many forms of credit available to consumers everywhere in our country these young men and

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

webster's dictionary says credit is trust given or received almost everybody in the united states uses credit in one form or another millions of people use credit to buy the things that add up to a better living so there's sure a

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00002.flac

by remote control and say to earn credit first you have to develop your character you have to be trustworthy second you have to have capacity to pay your bills and

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00003.flac

kept a good credit rating now that you know something about credit let's bring back those signs that seem so confusing what do you mean seem confusing i still don't get it all these signs

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00004.flac

are only advertising consumer credit and there are two kinds the first is not an installment credit or single payment credit the other kind is installment credit which is repaid

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00005.flac

two or more payments not installment credit is usually extended for thirty sixty or ninety days and repaid in a single lump sum not installment credit is

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00006.flac

also available in stores where people buy many things on a thirty day charge account credit cards for travel gasoline stations hotels restaurants also provide non installment credit

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00007.flac

electricity water gas and telephone service are furnished by utility companies on monthly credit dentists and doctors extend credit by billing monthly non installment

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00008.flac

credit is used by people who borrow cash and repay the loans and one lump sum in addition to using non installment credit consumers use installment credit it is usually extended for a period of a

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00009.flac

few months to two or three years there are two kinds of installment credit installment sales credit and installment cash credit installment sales credit is generally used to

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00010.flac

purchase such things as furniture automobiles appliances and similar products since an automobile is one of the major purchases consumers make with installment sales credit let's

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00011.flac

see what's involved here is the consumer and here is the car dealer the first thing to understand is that a legal contract spells out the agreement between the consumer and the

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00012.flac

dealer including the number and amount of installment payments the wise buyer makes certain he's getting good value for his money and always reads the fine print to make sure he understands

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00013.flac

all the terms of the contract before he signs it installment sales credit is used extensively by consumers and so is installment cash credit

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00014.flac

they use installment cash loans to pay for vacations to pay for special education for their children

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00015.flac

and people use installment cash loans to meet unexpected emergency so you can see the use of installment credit is mighty important to the consumers of this country mr money my father

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00016.flac

been making payments on our home for years now is this installment credit to yes john that's called mortgage credit and sometimes the payments may run for as long as twenty five years boy i never realized people use credit in so many different

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00017.flac

ways of course some people prefer to wait to buy the things they want until they've saved enough money to pay cash for them however there are many people who are able to pay cash prefer to buy things on credit so as not to disturb their savings and investments

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00018.flac

one of the cost factors is maintaining up to date credit information then there are bookkeeping costs keeping up the records and collecting payments in addition there is the cost of borrowed and equity

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00019.flac

capital the price you pay for credit service depends upon such things as the type of merchandise you buy the amount of your down payment how long you take to complete your payments or if you borrow

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00020.flac

rating there's another thing you both should know in order to use credit wisely and that is how to figure out the maximum amount of credit or other obligations you can safely afford sounds like another good job for the learning machine right let's s

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00021.flac

when mr and mrs homemaker figure the maximum amount of credit or other obligations they can safely afford each month they first deduct from gross income their income taxes social security and any other

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00022.flac

deductions they make to arrive at their take home pay or disposable income under disposable income expenditures they deduct essential living costs their discretionary income is left out of

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00023.flac

discretionary income they provide for savings insurance recreation and contributions to their church after deducting any payments they are making on any installment purchases or cash loans let's assume

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00024.flac

they have thirty dollars of their monthly discretionary income left so thirty dollars a month that's the maximum total obligation we can safely afford to take on for new credit payments of any kind that's right

wise_use_of_credit_SLASH_wise_use_of_credit_DOT_mp3_00025.flac

out of it that's right the husband and wife should plan together how the family earning should be spent before they borrow cash or buy anything on installments they should carefully think it whether the benefits of credit service are worth the extra charge

yellowstone_national_park_SLASH_yellowstone_national_park_DOT_mp3_00000.flac

gradually what with the pressure from below forcing the water rapidly back up through the narrow passage she gets all hepped up and bursts into steam which counties the water on top up with it s

yellowstone_national_park_SLASH_yellowstone_national_park_DOT_mp3_00001.flac

yellowstone lake you simply can't avoid this lake it has one hundred miles of shoreline inside the park the largest high level lake in america seven thousand seven hundred thirty feet elevation home of the famous cut throat trouble if you catch them they're so

yellowstone_national_park_SLASH_yellowstone_national_park_DOT_mp3_00002.flac

humiliated that well anyway

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00015.flac

directory belmont watertown local first directory quite thick already yep folks that one has over one hundred businesses and i believe and you also get an opportunity to advertise for very very little in this book because we keep the prices really low for

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00016.flac

that as well but we really are geared toward the independent businesses and so that you can afford to do business and we can know that you're out there that the community knows we have ten thousand of those that are all over belmont watertown and all

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00017.flac

the businesses that are members have them the public places have them you know the libraries and town halls and and and all the new apartment buildings being built we drop them off there i think that's a great idea i think

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00018.flac

yep fifty dollars you can become a community supporter it's not quite a membership in that you have a listing of the directory right but you're supporting the community you're invited to our events you can put your input into our meetings we are completely member

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00019.flac

for going forward here oh we have so many ideas we would love to love to pursue there are many local firsts out there and we do communicate with each other it is a network really it's not you know

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00020.flac

any kind of organization per se but each one is independent we get ideas from each other of things that we could do we might want to do there are several ideas in the pipeline we want to have a networking event hopefully this coming month

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00021.flac

festival of health providers and self care people coming together at one of our businesses to promote health well being and taking good care of yourself and

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00022.flac

book so so in this fourth year is coming up right now no your big plan is to move forward with these things you just mentioned that some of them but we kind of take it

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00023.flac

as we go you know members come to the meetings or they e mail us and they say this is an idea i think we could do this and this would really help promote our sector and we'll put it together we decide about it at the meeting and then we move forward with it how often do you meet

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00024.flac

they're different meetings that's really just a committee meeting but all members are invited to any steering committee meeting it's totally an open book here we want input we can't function without the input of our members the other things that we have coming

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00025.flac

up are planning for our next book our next directory this directory goes from july to july the next one we will start in january we start preparing for it and

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00026.flac

getting ads and finding out what people want to do how we want to format it so we really are pushing in our fourth year is going to be to get the word out there that this logo

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00027.flac

main thing is to educate the public we want to promote locally owned independent businesses grow the local economy and for preserve the community i think it's a magnificent idea but to get a lead in view of the fact that

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00028.flac

makes the most sense to you to have the local sustainability and that's a big movement right now nationwide i think in the world right now the whole local movement is you know stay local because it produces pollution you know you don't travel so far to

whats-going-on_121914_SLASH_whats-going-on_121914_DOT_mp3_00029.flac

get to a mall there's not parking lots everywhere you know you go out on foot you meet people there's many many reasons why the whole local movement is really taking off now and local independent is what makes the difference the independent in there really makes a difference