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https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05802

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05802_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows thin deposits of bright dust forming tails in the lee of craters in Acidalia Planitia on Mars.

23 April 2004Thin deposits of bright dust often form tails in the lee of craters in Acidalia Planitia. This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) picture shows an example from southern Acidalia near 23.0°N, 39.6°W. The dominant winds blow from the upper right (northeast) toward the lower left (southwest). The picture covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the lower left.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows thin deposits of bright dust forming tails in the lee of craters in Acidalia Planitia on Mars. Long Caption : 23 April 2004Thin deposits of bright dust often form tails in the lee of craters in Acidalia Planitia. This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) picture shows an example from southern Acidalia near 23.0°N, 39.6°W. The dominant winds blow from the upper right (northeast) toward the lower left (southwest). The picture covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the lower left.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05664

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05664_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey released on March 30, 2004 shows an area in Elysium Planitia near Isidis Planitia on Mars. The channel formation is surface controlled, while the lava-tube creation is mainly structurally controlled.

Released 30 March 2004The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps; 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation; 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow; and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars.The image shows an area in Elysium Planitia near Isidis Planitia. It was acquired May 17, 2002 during northern spring. The local time is 3:30pm. The image shows channels and collapsed lava-tubes. The channel formation is surface controlled, while the lava-tube creation is mainly structurally controlled.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 21.6, Longitude 125.5 East (234.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey released on March 30, 2004 shows an area in Elysium Planitia near Isidis Planitia on Mars. The channel formation is surface controlled, while the lava-tube creation is mainly structurally controlled. Long Caption : Released 30 March 2004The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps; 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation; 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow; and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars.The image shows an area in Elysium Planitia near Isidis Planitia. It was acquired May 17, 2002 during northern spring. The local time is 3:30pm. The image shows channels and collapsed lava-tubes. The channel formation is surface controlled, while the lava-tube creation is mainly structurally controlled.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 21.6, Longitude 125.5 East (234.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25909

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA25909_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea.

Context imageToday's VIS image shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. The central peak of the crater has been surrounded by a deposit of material that is easily eroded, as shown by the wind eroded features on the south side of the deposit. Several craters in this region have large deposits of materials on the crater floor. These deposits postdate the formation of the craters, and have themselves by eroded over time. It is very likely that wind played a roll in the deposition of materials as well as the subsequent erosion.Orbit Number: 93875 Latitude: 7.99639 Longitude: 20.9896 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2023-02-11 23:23Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. Long Caption : Context imageToday's VIS image shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. The central peak of the crater has been surrounded by a deposit of material that is easily eroded, as shown by the wind eroded features on the south side of the deposit. Several craters in this region have large deposits of materials on the crater floor. These deposits postdate the formation of the craters, and have themselves by eroded over time. It is very likely that wind played a roll in the deposition of materials as well as the subsequent erosion.Orbit Number: 93875 Latitude: 7.99639 Longitude: 20.9896 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2023-02-11 23:23Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24673

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA24673_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the rim of Hargraves Crater. Located between Nili Fossae and Isidis Planitia, Hargraves Crater is 60km (37 miles) in diameter.

Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows part of the rim of Hargraves Crater. Located between Nili Fossae and Isidis Planitia, Hargraves Crater is 60km (37 miles) in diameter.Orbit Number: 79847 Latitude: 20.2639 Longitude: 75.608 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2019-12-14 22:12Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the rim of Hargraves Crater. Located between Nili Fossae and Isidis Planitia, Hargraves Crater is 60km (37 miles) in diameter. Long Caption : Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows part of the rim of Hargraves Crater. Located between Nili Fossae and Isidis Planitia, Hargraves Crater is 60km (37 miles) in diameter.Orbit Number: 79847 Latitude: 20.2639 Longitude: 75.608 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2019-12-14 22:12Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA15438

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA15438_modest.jpg

The unnamed channel in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft is located on the northeastern margin of Tempe Terra.

Context imageThe unnamed channel in today's VIS image is located on the northeastern margin of Tempe Terra.Orbit Number: 44892 Latitude: 45.4734 Longitude: 303.648 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2012-01-27 16:09Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : The unnamed channel in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft is located on the northeastern margin of Tempe Terra. Long Caption : Context imageThe unnamed channel in today's VIS image is located on the northeastern margin of Tempe Terra.Orbit Number: 44892 Latitude: 45.4734 Longitude: 303.648 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2012-01-27 16:09Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09291

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA09291_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows an area just outside Mars' south polar cap region. The dark leaf-shaped features are material moving down slope and then down valley.

Context image for PIA09291Moving Down ValleyThis image is located just outside the south polar cap region. The dark leaf-shaped features are material moving down slope and then down valley. Note that the broad end of the features are located over dark outcrops.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -66.2N, Longitude 217.5E. 17 meter/pixel resolution.Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows an area just outside Mars' south polar cap region. The dark leaf-shaped features are material moving down slope and then down valley. Long Caption : Context image for PIA09291Moving Down ValleyThis image is located just outside the south polar cap region. The dark leaf-shaped features are material moving down slope and then down valley. Note that the broad end of the features are located over dark outcrops.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -66.2N, Longitude 217.5E. 17 meter/pixel resolution.Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA07122

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA07122_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows layered outcrops of sediment deposited in southern Chryse Planitia by flow through the Hypanis Valles system in Xanthe Terra on Mars. The distinct inverted boat hull-shaped ridges are yardangs formed by wind erosion.

7 December 2004This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows layered outcrops of sediment deposited in southern Chryse Planitia by flow through the Hypanis Valles system in Xanthe Terra. The distinct inverted boat hull-shaped ridges are yardangs formed by wind erosion. These materials are located near 11.9°N, 45.5°W. The image covers an area approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) wide and is illuminated by sunlight from the left/lower left.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows layered outcrops of sediment deposited in southern Chryse Planitia by flow through the Hypanis Valles system in Xanthe Terra on Mars. The distinct inverted boat hull-shaped ridges are yardangs formed by wind erosion. Long Caption : 7 December 2004This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows layered outcrops of sediment deposited in southern Chryse Planitia by flow through the Hypanis Valles system in Xanthe Terra. The distinct inverted boat hull-shaped ridges are yardangs formed by wind erosion. These materials are located near 11.9°N, 45.5°W. The image covers an area approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) wide and is illuminated by sunlight from the left/lower left.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12994

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA12994_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows a portion of the floor in Palos Crater on equatorial Mars. The floor appears bumpy with high-standing layered knobs; most of its terrain is weathering into meter-size (yard-size) polygonal blocks.

This image shows a portion of the floor in Palos Crater on equatorial Mars. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter recorded this image on March 8, 2010. The target for this HiRISE observation was a suggestion submitted through the camera team's HiWish public-suggestion program. For more information about how to submit target suggestions, see http://uahirise.org/hiwish/.The floor appears bumpy with high-standing layered knobs. Most of the terrain on the floor is weathering into meter-size (yard-size) polygonal blocks. The circular structures in the image, many of which are filled with darker wind-blown material, are eroded impact craters.Palos Crater is breached in the south by the 180-kilometer-long (112-mile-long) Tinto Vallis. Water transported along Tinto Vallis could have could have collected into Palos Crater to form a lake that later drained to the north. Sediments carried by Tinto Vallis would have also been deposited within Palos Crater, so the layered unit we see along the floor today could represent these fluvial sediments.This image covers a swath of ground about 1 kilometer (about two-thirds of a mile) wide. It is a portion of HiRISE observation ESP_016943_1775, which is centered at 2.67 degrees south latitude, 111.13 degrees east longitude. The season on Mars is southern-hemisphere autumn. Other image products from this observation are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_016943_1775.Color images from HiRISE combine information from detectors with three different color filters: red, infrared, and blue-green. Thus they include information from part of the spectrum human eyes cannot see and are not true color as the eye would see. The resulting false color helps to show differences among surface materials. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows a portion of the floor in Palos Crater on equatorial Mars. The floor appears bumpy with high-standing layered knobs; most of its terrain is weathering into meter-size (yard-size) polygonal blocks. Long Caption : This image shows a portion of the floor in Palos Crater on equatorial Mars. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter recorded this image on March 8, 2010. The target for this HiRISE observation was a suggestion submitted through the camera team's HiWish public-suggestion program. For more information about how to submit target suggestions, see http://uahirise.org/hiwish/.The floor appears bumpy with high-standing layered knobs. Most of the terrain on the floor is weathering into meter-size (yard-size) polygonal blocks. The circular structures in the image, many of which are filled with darker wind-blown material, are eroded impact craters.Palos Crater is breached in the south by the 180-kilometer-long (112-mile-long) Tinto Vallis. Water transported along Tinto Vallis could have could have collected into Palos Crater to form a lake that later drained to the north. Sediments carried by Tinto Vallis would have also been deposited within Palos Crater, so the layered unit we see along the floor today could represent these fluvial sediments.This image covers a swath of ground about 1 kilometer (about two-thirds of a mile) wide. It is a portion of HiRISE observation ESP_016943_1775, which is centered at 2.67 degrees south latitude, 111.13 degrees east longitude. The season on Mars is southern-hemisphere autumn. Other image products from this observation are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_016943_1775.Color images from HiRISE combine information from detectors with three different color filters: red, infrared, and blue-green. Thus they include information from part of the spectrum human eyes cannot see and are not true color as the eye would see. The resulting false color helps to show differences among surface materials. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21149

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA21149_modest.jpg

This graphic shows proportions of minerals identified in mudstone exposures at the 'Yellowknife Bay' location where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover first analyzed bedrock, in 2013, and at the 'Murray Buttes' area investigated in 2016.

This graphic shows proportions of minerals identified in mudstone exposures at the "Yellowknife Bay" location where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover first analyzed bedrock, in 2013, and at the "Murray Buttes" area investigated in 2016.Minerals were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis of sample powder from the rocks. The samples were acquired by drilling and delivered to the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument inside the rover.Two key differences in the Murray Buttes mudstone include hematite rather than magnetite, and far less abundance of crystalline mafic minerals, compared to the Yellowknife Bay mudstone composition. Hematite and magnetite are both iron oxide minerals, with hematite as a more oxidized one. That difference could result from the Murray Buttes mudstone layer experiencing more weathering than the Yellowknife Bay mudstone. More weathering could also account for the lower abundance of crystalline mafics, which are volcanic-origin minerals such as pyroxene and olivine.The Yellowknife Bay site is on the floor of Gale Crater. The Murray Buttes site is on lower Mount Sharp, the layered mound in the center of the crater. A map at PIA21144 shows these locations.Presented at the 2016 AGU Fall Meeting on Dec. 13. in San Francisco, CA.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.For more information about Curiosity, visit http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl.

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Short Caption : This graphic shows proportions of minerals identified in mudstone exposures at the 'Yellowknife Bay' location where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover first analyzed bedrock, in 2013, and at the 'Murray Buttes' area investigated in 2016. Long Caption : This graphic shows proportions of minerals identified in mudstone exposures at the "Yellowknife Bay" location where NASA's Curiosity Mars rover first analyzed bedrock, in 2013, and at the "Murray Buttes" area investigated in 2016.Minerals were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis of sample powder from the rocks. The samples were acquired by drilling and delivered to the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instrument inside the rover.Two key differences in the Murray Buttes mudstone include hematite rather than magnetite, and far less abundance of crystalline mafic minerals, compared to the Yellowknife Bay mudstone composition. Hematite and magnetite are both iron oxide minerals, with hematite as a more oxidized one. That difference could result from the Murray Buttes mudstone layer experiencing more weathering than the Yellowknife Bay mudstone. More weathering could also account for the lower abundance of crystalline mafics, which are volcanic-origin minerals such as pyroxene and olivine.The Yellowknife Bay site is on the floor of Gale Crater. The Murray Buttes site is on lower Mount Sharp, the layered mound in the center of the crater. A map at PIA21144 shows these locations.Presented at the 2016 AGU Fall Meeting on Dec. 13. in San Francisco, CA.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.For more information about Curiosity, visit http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03693

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA03693_modest.jpg

This channel is located south of Iani Chaos on Mars as seen by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.

Context image for PIA03693ChannelThis channel is located south of Iani Chaos.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -10.9N, Longitude 345.5E. 17 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This channel is located south of Iani Chaos on Mars as seen by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Long Caption : Context image for PIA03693ChannelThis channel is located south of Iani Chaos.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -10.9N, Longitude 345.5E. 17 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA07993

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA07993_modest.jpg

This mosaic from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a region of martian troughs named Nili Fossae. The olivine-rich exposures appear magenta to purple-blue in this color-coding.

Colors indicate infrared emission signatures in this mosaic of images from NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter of a region of martian troughs named Nili Fossae. Analysis of this information from Odyssey's Thermal Emission Imaging System suggests that a deposit rich in the mineral olivine is about four times larger than indicated in earlier data from a lower-resolution infrared instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. The olivine-rich exposures appear magenta to purple-blue in this color-coding. Olivine can turn into other minerals rapidly in the presence of water. This deposit, in a relatively old region of Mars' surface adjacent to one of the planet's largest volcanoes, Syrtis Major, suggests the region may never have seen much water.The mosaic covers most of an area about 380 kilometers (about 240 miles) wide, from 75 degrees to 81 degrees in east longitude and from 18 degrees to 25 degrees in north latitude. North is up. Emission intensities at infrared wavelengths of 12.57 microns, 11.04 microns and 9.35 microns are displayed in red, green and blue, respectively. This mosaic was presented in a report in the June 2005 issue of the journal Geology. For additional information about that report, see a University of Hawaii press release http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/SOEST_News/News/PressReleases/Hamilton/.

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Short Caption : This mosaic from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a region of martian troughs named Nili Fossae. The olivine-rich exposures appear magenta to purple-blue in this color-coding. Long Caption : Colors indicate infrared emission signatures in this mosaic of images from NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter of a region of martian troughs named Nili Fossae. Analysis of this information from Odyssey's Thermal Emission Imaging System suggests that a deposit rich in the mineral olivine is about four times larger than indicated in earlier data from a lower-resolution infrared instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. The olivine-rich exposures appear magenta to purple-blue in this color-coding. Olivine can turn into other minerals rapidly in the presence of water. This deposit, in a relatively old region of Mars' surface adjacent to one of the planet's largest volcanoes, Syrtis Major, suggests the region may never have seen much water.The mosaic covers most of an area about 380 kilometers (about 240 miles) wide, from 75 degrees to 81 degrees in east longitude and from 18 degrees to 25 degrees in north latitude. North is up. Emission intensities at infrared wavelengths of 12.57 microns, 11.04 microns and 9.35 microns are displayed in red, green and blue, respectively. This mosaic was presented in a report in the June 2005 issue of the journal Geology. For additional information about that report, see a University of Hawaii press release http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/SOEST_News/News/PressReleases/Hamilton/.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00817

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA00817_modest.jpg

The 'Mini Matterhorn' is a 3/4 meter rock immediately east-southeast of NASA's Mars Pathfinder lander. This image was produced by combining the 'Super pan' frames from the IMP camera. Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997.

The "Mini Matterhorn" is a 3/4 meter rock immediately east-southeast of the Mars Pathfinder lander. This image, along with PIA00816 and PIA00818, shows how super resolution techniques can be applied to nearfield targets to help to address questions about the texture of the rocks at the landing site and what it might tell us about their modes of origin. PIA00816 shows a "raw," standard-resolution color frame of the rock. This image and PIA00818 were produced by combining the "Super pan" frames from the IMP camera. The composite color frame consists of 7 frames from the right eye, taken with different color filters that were enlarged by 500% and then co-added using Adobe Photoshop to produce, in effect, a super-resolution panchromatic frame that is sharper than an individual frame would be. This panchromatic frame was then colorized with the red, green, and blue filtered images from the same sequence. The color balance was adjusted to approximate the true color of Mars.Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

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Short Caption : The 'Mini Matterhorn' is a 3/4 meter rock immediately east-southeast of NASA's Mars Pathfinder lander. This image was produced by combining the 'Super pan' frames from the IMP camera. Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997. Long Caption : The "Mini Matterhorn" is a 3/4 meter rock immediately east-southeast of the Mars Pathfinder lander. This image, along with PIA00816 and PIA00818, shows how super resolution techniques can be applied to nearfield targets to help to address questions about the texture of the rocks at the landing site and what it might tell us about their modes of origin. PIA00816 shows a "raw," standard-resolution color frame of the rock. This image and PIA00818 were produced by combining the "Super pan" frames from the IMP camera. The composite color frame consists of 7 frames from the right eye, taken with different color filters that were enlarged by 500% and then co-added using Adobe Photoshop to produce, in effect, a super-resolution panchromatic frame that is sharper than an individual frame would be. This panchromatic frame was then colorized with the red, green, and blue filtered images from the same sequence. The color balance was adjusted to approximate the true color of Mars.Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25823

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Morgan Montalvo, another JPL engineer, sets guardrails on the floor below the prototype in a test of a scenario where the lander would stub a toe against a rock while touching down on Mars.

Morgan Montalvo, an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, sets guardrails on the floor below a prototype of the lander being designed for the agency's Mars Sample Return campaign. These guardrails were used to test a scenario where the lander would "stub a toe" against a rock while touching down on Mars.The Sample Retrieval Lander, estimated to weigh as much as 5,016 pounds (2,275 kilograms), would be the heaviest spacecraft ever to land on the Red Planet. To study the physics involved in landing such a massive spacecraft, engineers have been testing a lander prototype that's about one-third the size it would be on Mars.Mars Sample Return will revolutionize our understanding of Mars by bringing scientifically selected samples to Earth for study using the most sophisticated instrumentation around the world. NASA's planned Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign would fulfill one of the highest priority solar system exploration goals identified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in the past three decadal surveys. This strategic partnership with the ESA (European Space Agency) features the first mission to return samples from another planet, including the first launch from the surface of another planet. The samples being collected by NASA's Perseverance rover during its exploration of an ancient river delta are thought to be the best opportunity to reveal the early evolution of Mars, including the potential for ancient life.For more about Mars Sample Return: https://mars.nasa.gov/msr/

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Short Caption : Morgan Montalvo, another JPL engineer, sets guardrails on the floor below the prototype in a test of a scenario where the lander would stub a toe against a rock while touching down on Mars. Long Caption : Morgan Montalvo, an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, sets guardrails on the floor below a prototype of the lander being designed for the agency's Mars Sample Return campaign. These guardrails were used to test a scenario where the lander would "stub a toe" against a rock while touching down on Mars.The Sample Retrieval Lander, estimated to weigh as much as 5,016 pounds (2,275 kilograms), would be the heaviest spacecraft ever to land on the Red Planet. To study the physics involved in landing such a massive spacecraft, engineers have been testing a lander prototype that's about one-third the size it would be on Mars.Mars Sample Return will revolutionize our understanding of Mars by bringing scientifically selected samples to Earth for study using the most sophisticated instrumentation around the world. NASA's planned Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign would fulfill one of the highest priority solar system exploration goals identified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in the past three decadal surveys. This strategic partnership with the ESA (European Space Agency) features the first mission to return samples from another planet, including the first launch from the surface of another planet. The samples being collected by NASA's Perseverance rover during its exploration of an ancient river delta are thought to be the best opportunity to reveal the early evolution of Mars, including the potential for ancient life.For more about Mars Sample Return: https://mars.nasa.gov/msr/

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20442

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA20442_modest.jpg

This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a portion of Hrad Valles. Hrad Valles is one of the many valley systems located west of the Elysium volcanic complex.

Context imageThis VIS image shows a portion of Hrad Valles. Hrad Valles is one of the many valley systems located west of the Elysium volcanic complex. The channel system may have been formed by the flow of both lava and water.Orbit Number: 62506 Latitude: 37.5228 Longitude: 139.901 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-01-16 12:40Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows a portion of Hrad Valles. Hrad Valles is one of the many valley systems located west of the Elysium volcanic complex. Long Caption : Context imageThis VIS image shows a portion of Hrad Valles. Hrad Valles is one of the many valley systems located west of the Elysium volcanic complex. The channel system may have been formed by the flow of both lava and water.Orbit Number: 62506 Latitude: 37.5228 Longitude: 139.901 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-01-16 12:40Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23386

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA23386_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows a delta deposit that was created by the flow from the rim channel into the crater.

Context imageAt the top of today's VIS image is a delta deposit that was created by the flow from the rim channel into the crater. Deltas form when sediments settle out due to a decrease in speed of a river system. Deltas often form where large rivers flow into the ocean, like the Mississippi and Nile deltas. This can also occur where rivers flow into large lakes, such as the Great Salt Lake and Lake St. Clair river deltas. It is believed that the Jezero Crater delta formed this way. The delta in Jezero Crater has been chosen as the location for the Mars 2020 mission.Orbit Number: 77838 Latitude: 18.1853 Longitude: 77.4252 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2019-07-02 11:53Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows a delta deposit that was created by the flow from the rim channel into the crater. Long Caption : Context imageAt the top of today's VIS image is a delta deposit that was created by the flow from the rim channel into the crater. Deltas form when sediments settle out due to a decrease in speed of a river system. Deltas often form where large rivers flow into the ocean, like the Mississippi and Nile deltas. This can also occur where rivers flow into large lakes, such as the Great Salt Lake and Lake St. Clair river deltas. It is believed that the Jezero Crater delta formed this way. The delta in Jezero Crater has been chosen as the location for the Mars 2020 mission.Orbit Number: 77838 Latitude: 18.1853 Longitude: 77.4252 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2019-07-02 11:53Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10922

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA10922_modest.jpg

This image was acquired by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on June 26, 2008. Seen are trenches informally called 'Snow White 1' (left), 'Snow White 2' (right), and within the Snow White 2 trench, the smaller scraping area called 'Snow White 3.'

This image was acquired by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander's Surface Stereo Imager on the 31st Martian day of the mission, or Sol 31 (June 26, 2008), after the May 25, 2008 landing. This image shows the trenches informally called "Snow White 1" (left), "Snow White 2" (right), and within the Snow White 2 trench, the smaller scraping area called "Snow White 3." The Snow White 3 scraped area is about 5 centimeters (2 inches) deep. The dug and scraped areas are within the diggiing site called "Wonderland."The Snow White trenches and scraping prove that scientists can take surface soil samples, subsurface soil samples, and icy samples all from one unit. Scientists want to test samples to determine if some ice in the soil may have been liquid in the past during warmer climate cycles.The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is led by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.Photojournal Note: As planned, the Phoenix lander, which landed May 25, 2008 23:53 UTC, ended communications in November 2008, about six months after landing, when its solar panels ceased operating in the dark Martian winter.

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Short Caption : This image was acquired by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on June 26, 2008. Seen are trenches informally called 'Snow White 1' (left), 'Snow White 2' (right), and within the Snow White 2 trench, the smaller scraping area called 'Snow White 3.' Long Caption : This image was acquired by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander's Surface Stereo Imager on the 31st Martian day of the mission, or Sol 31 (June 26, 2008), after the May 25, 2008 landing. This image shows the trenches informally called "Snow White 1" (left), "Snow White 2" (right), and within the Snow White 2 trench, the smaller scraping area called "Snow White 3." The Snow White 3 scraped area is about 5 centimeters (2 inches) deep. The dug and scraped areas are within the diggiing site called "Wonderland."The Snow White trenches and scraping prove that scientists can take surface soil samples, subsurface soil samples, and icy samples all from one unit. Scientists want to test samples to determine if some ice in the soil may have been liquid in the past during warmer climate cycles.The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is led by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.Photojournal Note: As planned, the Phoenix lander, which landed May 25, 2008 23:53 UTC, ended communications in November 2008, about six months after landing, when its solar panels ceased operating in the dark Martian winter.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22784

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA22784_modest.jpg

This image acquired on May 9, 2018 by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, shows a large, 50-kilometer diameter crater with a mountain-like central peak formed from uplifted material below.

Map Projected Browse ImageClick on image for larger versionLarge craters, like this 50-kilometer diameter one, can uplift material from below and form a mountain-like central peak. Craters of this size on Mars become unstable as they form and collapse due to gravity. Craters with central peaks and terraced rims are referred to as "complex" craters.Geologists study these central peaks because the uplifted bedrock was once deep within the Martian crust. A 3D perspective shows heavily-fractured bedrock exposed within the peak, and also dark-toned and fragmental rocks that formed during the impact process. Sometimes, we observe similar rocks in the crater wall terraces. Some areas of the terrace show dark-toned materials coating and surrounding the white- and green-colored bedrock. This dark-toned rock was the once-molten material that was produced by the tremendous energy generated during the formation of the crater. Similarly, the impact melt material coats and surrounds the higher-standing bedrock of the peak. There are additional exposures of bedrock in the northern wall-terraces of the crater.Previous HiRISE images have focused largely on central structures, but clearly the wall-terraces of these craters may also be informative in our exploration of the Martian subsurface.The map is projected here at a scale of 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) per pixel. [The original image scale is 25.8 centimeters (10.2 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning); objects on the order of 77 centimeters (30.3 inches) across are resolved.] North is up.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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Short Caption : This image acquired on May 9, 2018 by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, shows a large, 50-kilometer diameter crater with a mountain-like central peak formed from uplifted material below. Long Caption : Map Projected Browse ImageClick on image for larger versionLarge craters, like this 50-kilometer diameter one, can uplift material from below and form a mountain-like central peak. Craters of this size on Mars become unstable as they form and collapse due to gravity. Craters with central peaks and terraced rims are referred to as "complex" craters.Geologists study these central peaks because the uplifted bedrock was once deep within the Martian crust. A 3D perspective shows heavily-fractured bedrock exposed within the peak, and also dark-toned and fragmental rocks that formed during the impact process. Sometimes, we observe similar rocks in the crater wall terraces. Some areas of the terrace show dark-toned materials coating and surrounding the white- and green-colored bedrock. This dark-toned rock was the once-molten material that was produced by the tremendous energy generated during the formation of the crater. Similarly, the impact melt material coats and surrounds the higher-standing bedrock of the peak. There are additional exposures of bedrock in the northern wall-terraces of the crater.Previous HiRISE images have focused largely on central structures, but clearly the wall-terraces of these craters may also be informative in our exploration of the Martian subsurface.The map is projected here at a scale of 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) per pixel. [The original image scale is 25.8 centimeters (10.2 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning); objects on the order of 77 centimeters (30.3 inches) across are resolved.] North is up.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26059

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA26059_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the floor of Kaiser Crater.

Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows part of the floor of Kaiser Crater. Kaiser Crater is 207 km (129 miles) in diameter and is located in Noachis Terra west of Hellas Planitia. This sand dune field is one of several regions of sand dunes located on the southern part of the crater floor. The image also shows the complex crater floor beneath the dunes. These dunes are composed of basaltic sand that has collected in the bottom of the crater. The topographic depression of the crater forms a sand trap that prevents the sand from escaping. Dune fields are common in the bottoms of craters on Mars and appear as dark splotches that often lean up against the downwind walls of the craters. Dunes are useful for studying both the geology and meteorology of Mars. The sand forms by erosion of larger rocks, but it is unclear when and where this erosion took place on Mars or how such large volumes of sand could be formed. The dunes also indicate the local wind directions by their morphology.The THEMIS VIS camera is capable of capturing color images of the Martian surface using five different color filters. In this mode of operation, the spatial resolution and coverage of the image must be reduced to accommodate the additional data volume produced from using multiple filters. To make a color image, three of the five filter images (each in grayscale) are selected. Each is contrast enhanced and then converted to a red, green, or blue intensity image. These three images are then combined to produce a full color, single image. Because the THEMIS color filters don't span the full range of colors seen by the human eye, a color THEMIS image does not represent true color. Also, because each single-filter image is contrast enhanced before inclusion in the three-color image, the apparent color variation of the scene is exaggerated. Nevertheless, the color variation that does appear is representative of some change in color, however subtle, in the actual scene. Note that the long edges of THEMIS color images typically contain color artifacts that do not represent surface variation.Orbit Number: 91155 Latitude: -46.9827 Longitude: 19.3481 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2022-07-02 23:58Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the floor of Kaiser Crater. Long Caption : Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows part of the floor of Kaiser Crater. Kaiser Crater is 207 km (129 miles) in diameter and is located in Noachis Terra west of Hellas Planitia. This sand dune field is one of several regions of sand dunes located on the southern part of the crater floor. The image also shows the complex crater floor beneath the dunes. These dunes are composed of basaltic sand that has collected in the bottom of the crater. The topographic depression of the crater forms a sand trap that prevents the sand from escaping. Dune fields are common in the bottoms of craters on Mars and appear as dark splotches that often lean up against the downwind walls of the craters. Dunes are useful for studying both the geology and meteorology of Mars. The sand forms by erosion of larger rocks, but it is unclear when and where this erosion took place on Mars or how such large volumes of sand could be formed. The dunes also indicate the local wind directions by their morphology.The THEMIS VIS camera is capable of capturing color images of the Martian surface using five different color filters. In this mode of operation, the spatial resolution and coverage of the image must be reduced to accommodate the additional data volume produced from using multiple filters. To make a color image, three of the five filter images (each in grayscale) are selected. Each is contrast enhanced and then converted to a red, green, or blue intensity image. These three images are then combined to produce a full color, single image. Because the THEMIS color filters don't span the full range of colors seen by the human eye, a color THEMIS image does not represent true color. Also, because each single-filter image is contrast enhanced before inclusion in the three-color image, the apparent color variation of the scene is exaggerated. Nevertheless, the color variation that does appear is representative of some change in color, however subtle, in the actual scene. Note that the long edges of THEMIS color images typically contain color artifacts that do not represent surface variation.Orbit Number: 91155 Latitude: -46.9827 Longitude: 19.3481 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2022-07-02 23:58Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02987

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA02987_modest.jpg

NASA's Viking 1 Orbiter color mosaic of the eastern Tharsis region on Mars. At left, from top to bottom, are the three 25 km high volcanic shields, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons.

Viking 1 Orbiter color mosaic of the eastern Tharsis region on Mars. At left, from top to bottom, are the three 25 km high volcanic shields, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. The shield at upper right is Tharsis Tholus. The canyon system at lower right is Noctis Labyrinthus, the westernmost extension of Valles Marineris. The smooth area at bottom center is Syria Planum. The distance between the calderas of Ascraeus and Pavonis Mons is 800 km. North is up. The images used to produce this mosaic were taken during orbit 1334 on 22 February 1980. (Viking 1 Orbiter MG01N104-334S0)

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Short Caption : NASA's Viking 1 Orbiter color mosaic of the eastern Tharsis region on Mars. At left, from top to bottom, are the three 25 km high volcanic shields, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. Long Caption : Viking 1 Orbiter color mosaic of the eastern Tharsis region on Mars. At left, from top to bottom, are the three 25 km high volcanic shields, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. The shield at upper right is Tharsis Tholus. The canyon system at lower right is Noctis Labyrinthus, the westernmost extension of Valles Marineris. The smooth area at bottom center is Syria Planum. The distance between the calderas of Ascraeus and Pavonis Mons is 800 km. North is up. The images used to produce this mosaic were taken during orbit 1334 on 22 February 1980. (Viking 1 Orbiter MG01N104-334S0)

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16250

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA16250_modest.jpg

This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows part of the dune field on the floor of Brashear Crater.

Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of the dune field on the floor of Brashear Crater.Orbit Number: 49052 Latitude: -53.4147 Longitude: 240.117 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-01-04 (All day)Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows part of the dune field on the floor of Brashear Crater. Long Caption : Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of the dune field on the floor of Brashear Crater.Orbit Number: 49052 Latitude: -53.4147 Longitude: 240.117 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-01-04 (All day)Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00985

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA00985_modest.jpg

Pebbles are seen in lander images, along with cobbles. For example, this image taken by NASA's Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) shows the same pebbles that were visible in the Sojourner rover image of the 'Cabbage Patch.' Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997.

Pebbles are seen in lander images, along with cobbles. For example, in this picture, we see the same pebbles that were visible in the Sojourner rover image of the "Cabbage Patch" (PIA00984). In addition, a cobble within the rock "Lamb" (upper left) is apparent. This indicates that Lamb may be a conglomerate (Lamb is 0.32 m x 0.15 m).Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) was developed by the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory under contract to JPL. Peter Smith is the Principal Investigator. Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

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Short Caption : Pebbles are seen in lander images, along with cobbles. For example, this image taken by NASA's Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) shows the same pebbles that were visible in the Sojourner rover image of the 'Cabbage Patch.' Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997. Long Caption : Pebbles are seen in lander images, along with cobbles. For example, in this picture, we see the same pebbles that were visible in the Sojourner rover image of the "Cabbage Patch" (PIA00984). In addition, a cobble within the rock "Lamb" (upper left) is apparent. This indicates that Lamb may be a conglomerate (Lamb is 0.32 m x 0.15 m).Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) was developed by the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory under contract to JPL. Peter Smith is the Principal Investigator. Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25514

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This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the northern cliff face of Ophir Chasma.

Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of the northern cliff face of Ophir Chasma. The bottom of the image is covered in deposits from large landslides. The dark band in the center of the image is a layer of material that is more resistant than the other parts of the cliff face. This layer is likely a thick volcanic flow or intruded dike. Ophir Chasma is approximately 317km long (197 miles).Orbit Number: 90846 Latitude: -3.13307 Longitude: 287.349 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2022-06-07 13:34Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows part of the northern cliff face of Ophir Chasma. Long Caption : Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of the northern cliff face of Ophir Chasma. The bottom of the image is covered in deposits from large landslides. The dark band in the center of the image is a layer of material that is more resistant than the other parts of the cliff face. This layer is likely a thick volcanic flow or intruded dike. Ophir Chasma is approximately 317km long (197 miles).Orbit Number: 90846 Latitude: -3.13307 Longitude: 287.349 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2022-06-07 13:34Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05330

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05330_modest.jpg

This image shows the patch of soil at the bottom of the shallow depression dubbed 'Laguna Hollow' where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit began trenching in 2004. Seen here are a clustering of small pebbles and crack-like fine lines.

This image shows the patch of soil at the bottom of the shallow depression dubbed "Laguna Hollow" where the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit will soon begin trenching. Scientists are intrigued by the clustering of small pebbles and the crack-like fine lines, which indicate a coherent surface that expands and contracts. A number of processes can cause materials to expand and contract, including cycles of heating and cooling; freezing and thawing; and rising and falling of salty liquids within a substance. This false-color image was created using the blue, green and infrared filters of the rover's panoramic camera. Scientists chose this particular combination of filters to enhance the heterogeneity of the martian soil.

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Short Caption : This image shows the patch of soil at the bottom of the shallow depression dubbed 'Laguna Hollow' where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit began trenching in 2004. Seen here are a clustering of small pebbles and crack-like fine lines. Long Caption : This image shows the patch of soil at the bottom of the shallow depression dubbed "Laguna Hollow" where the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit will soon begin trenching. Scientists are intrigued by the clustering of small pebbles and the crack-like fine lines, which indicate a coherent surface that expands and contracts. A number of processes can cause materials to expand and contract, including cycles of heating and cooling; freezing and thawing; and rising and falling of salty liquids within a substance. This false-color image was created using the blue, green and infrared filters of the rover's panoramic camera. Scientists chose this particular combination of filters to enhance the heterogeneity of the martian soil.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA13645

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA13645_modest.jpg

A branch of Nanedi Valles entered a crater and deposited a delta that fills the majority of the crater floor. This image was captured by NASA's Mars Odyssey.

Context imageA branch of Nanedi Valles entered a crater and deposited a delta that fills the majority of the crater floor.Orbit Number: 39113 Latitude: 8.4095 Longitude: 312.02 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2010-10-08 21:56Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : A branch of Nanedi Valles entered a crater and deposited a delta that fills the majority of the crater floor. This image was captured by NASA's Mars Odyssey. Long Caption : Context imageA branch of Nanedi Valles entered a crater and deposited a delta that fills the majority of the crater floor.Orbit Number: 39113 Latitude: 8.4095 Longitude: 312.02 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2010-10-08 21:56Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08064

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This image shows coarse-grained layers from around the edge of a low plateau called 'Home Plate' inside Mars' Gusev Crater

This image shows coarse-grained layers from around the edge of a low plateau called "Home Plate" inside Mars' Gusev Crater. One possible origin is material falling to the ground after being thrown aloft by an explosion such as a volcanic eruption or meteorite impact.The panoramic camera (Pancam) on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit acquired the exposures for this image on Spirit's 749th Martian day (Feb. 10, 2006). This view is an approximately true-color rendering mathematically generated from separate images taken through all of the left Pancam's 432-nanometer to 753-nanometer filters.

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Short Caption : This image shows coarse-grained layers from around the edge of a low plateau called 'Home Plate' inside Mars' Gusev Crater Long Caption : This image shows coarse-grained layers from around the edge of a low plateau called "Home Plate" inside Mars' Gusev Crater. One possible origin is material falling to the ground after being thrown aloft by an explosion such as a volcanic eruption or meteorite impact.The panoramic camera (Pancam) on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit acquired the exposures for this image on Spirit's 749th Martian day (Feb. 10, 2006). This view is an approximately true-color rendering mathematically generated from separate images taken through all of the left Pancam's 432-nanometer to 753-nanometer filters.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24335

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA24335_modest.jpg

The HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter was able to capture this image of the descent stage that helped fly NASA's Perseverance rover down to the surface of Mars.

The High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) was able to capture this image of the final location of the descent stage that helped fly NASA's Perseverance rover down to the surface of Mars. The image was taken on Feb. 19, 2021.It is a close-up version of a larger image showing several parts of the Mars 2020 mission landing system that got the rover safely on the ground, PIA24333.These close-ups of Mars 2020 hardware were processed to make them easier to see. The insets showing the descent stage and parachute have had color added and include data from the infrared band of light.MRO's mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver, built the spacecraft. The University of Arizona provided and operates HiRISE.A key objective for Perseverance's mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet's geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.For more about Perseverance: mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

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Short Caption : The HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter was able to capture this image of the descent stage that helped fly NASA's Perseverance rover down to the surface of Mars. Long Caption : The High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) was able to capture this image of the final location of the descent stage that helped fly NASA's Perseverance rover down to the surface of Mars. The image was taken on Feb. 19, 2021.It is a close-up version of a larger image showing several parts of the Mars 2020 mission landing system that got the rover safely on the ground, PIA24333.These close-ups of Mars 2020 hardware were processed to make them easier to see. The insets showing the descent stage and parachute have had color added and include data from the infrared band of light.MRO's mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver, built the spacecraft. The University of Arizona provided and operates HiRISE.A key objective for Perseverance's mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet's geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.For more about Perseverance: mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05813

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05813_modest.jpg

This vertical-projection mosaic was assembled from images taken by the navigation camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on sol 107 (April 21, 2004) at a region dubbed 'site 32.' Spirit is sitting east of 'Missoula Crater' on the outer plains.

This vertical projection was assembled from images taken by the navigation camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on sol 107 (April 21, 2004) at a region dubbed "site 32." Spirit is sitting east of "Missoula Crater," no longer in the crater's ejecta field, but on outer plains. Since landing, Spirit has traveled almost exclusively over ejecta fields. This new landscape looks different with fewer angular rocks and more rounded, vesicle-filled rocks. Spirit will continue another 1,900 meters (1.18 miles) along this terrain before reaching the western base of the "Columbia Hills."

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Short Caption : This vertical-projection mosaic was assembled from images taken by the navigation camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on sol 107 (April 21, 2004) at a region dubbed 'site 32.' Spirit is sitting east of 'Missoula Crater' on the outer plains. Long Caption : This vertical projection was assembled from images taken by the navigation camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on sol 107 (April 21, 2004) at a region dubbed "site 32." Spirit is sitting east of "Missoula Crater," no longer in the crater's ejecta field, but on outer plains. Since landing, Spirit has traveled almost exclusively over ejecta fields. This new landscape looks different with fewer angular rocks and more rounded, vesicle-filled rocks. Spirit will continue another 1,900 meters (1.18 miles) along this terrain before reaching the western base of the "Columbia Hills."

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10726

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA10726_modest.jpg

This 360-degree view from NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander shows the spacecraft's solar arrays, lander deck and the Martian polar landscape beyond. The hummocky terrain has a network of troughs and very few rocks.

This 360-degree view from NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander shows the spacecraft's solar arrays, lander deck and the Martian polar landscape beyond. The hummocky terrain has a network of troughs and very few rocks, typical of polar surfaces here on Earth.Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager captured the images making up this mosaic on the first and third martian days, or sols, of the mission (May 26 and 28, 2008). The spacecraft is capable of taking color, high-resolution photos, but its first priority is to scan its surroundings with black-and-white, lower-resolution images like these.The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.Photojournal Note: As planned, the Phoenix lander, which landed May 25, 2008 23:53 UTC, ended communications in November 2008, about six months after landing, when its solar panels ceased operating in the dark Martian winter.

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Short Caption : This 360-degree view from NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander shows the spacecraft's solar arrays, lander deck and the Martian polar landscape beyond. The hummocky terrain has a network of troughs and very few rocks. Long Caption : This 360-degree view from NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander shows the spacecraft's solar arrays, lander deck and the Martian polar landscape beyond. The hummocky terrain has a network of troughs and very few rocks, typical of polar surfaces here on Earth.Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager captured the images making up this mosaic on the first and third martian days, or sols, of the mission (May 26 and 28, 2008). The spacecraft is capable of taking color, high-resolution photos, but its first priority is to scan its surroundings with black-and-white, lower-resolution images like these.The Phoenix Mission is led by the University of Arizona, Tucson, on behalf of NASA. Project management of the mission is by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Spacecraft development is by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver.Photojournal Note: As planned, the Phoenix lander, which landed May 25, 2008 23:53 UTC, ended communications in November 2008, about six months after landing, when its solar panels ceased operating in the dark Martian winter.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22624

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This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows shows part of Aram Chaos. Aram Chaos was initially formed by a large impact. Over time the crater interior was modified by several different processes, including liquid water.

Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of Aram Chaos. Aram Chaos was initially formed by a large impact. Over time the crater interior was modified by several different processes, including liquid water. Located near Ares Vallis, a narrow channel links the Aram Chaos crater with Ares Vallis indicating a substantial amount of water was located in the crater. Chaos forms from erosion of the surface into mesa features. With time the valleys expand creating the jumble of hills seen in the image.Orbit Number: 72502 Latitude: 3.92429 Longitude: 340.169 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-04-19 00:14Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows shows part of Aram Chaos. Aram Chaos was initially formed by a large impact. Over time the crater interior was modified by several different processes, including liquid water. Long Caption : Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of Aram Chaos. Aram Chaos was initially formed by a large impact. Over time the crater interior was modified by several different processes, including liquid water. Located near Ares Vallis, a narrow channel links the Aram Chaos crater with Ares Vallis indicating a substantial amount of water was located in the crater. Chaos forms from erosion of the surface into mesa features. With time the valleys expand creating the jumble of hills seen in the image.Orbit Number: 72502 Latitude: 3.92429 Longitude: 340.169 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-04-19 00:14Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22462

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA22462_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter continually finds new impact sites on Mars. This one occurred within the dense secondary crater field of Corinto Crater. The new crater and its ejecta have distinctive color patterns.

Map Projected Browse ImageClick on image for larger versionThe map is projected here at a scale of 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) per pixel.[The original image scale is 27.8 centimeters (10.9 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) to 55.5 cm/pixel (21.9 inches) per pixel (with 2 x 2 binning).] North is up.NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) keeps finding new impact sites on Mars. This one occurred within the dense secondary crater field of Corinto Crater, to the north-northeast.The new crater and its ejecta have distinctive color patterns. Once the colors have faded in a few decades, this new crater will still be distinctive compared to the secondaries by having a deeper cavity compared to its diameter. This is a stereo pair with ESP_054035_1915.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter continually finds new impact sites on Mars. This one occurred within the dense secondary crater field of Corinto Crater. The new crater and its ejecta have distinctive color patterns. Long Caption : Map Projected Browse ImageClick on image for larger versionThe map is projected here at a scale of 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) per pixel.[The original image scale is 27.8 centimeters (10.9 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) to 55.5 cm/pixel (21.9 inches) per pixel (with 2 x 2 binning).] North is up.NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) keeps finding new impact sites on Mars. This one occurred within the dense secondary crater field of Corinto Crater, to the north-northeast.The new crater and its ejecta have distinctive color patterns. Once the colors have faded in a few decades, this new crater will still be distinctive compared to the secondaries by having a deeper cavity compared to its diameter. This is a stereo pair with ESP_054035_1915.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20047

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA20047_modest.jpg

In this image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft, an ancient sinuous meandering river system is surrounded by features called 'yardangs.' The yardangs are the ridge-like landforms that align approximately north-south.

Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionIn this image, an ancient sinuous meandering river system is surrounded by features called "yardangs." The yardangs are the ridge-like landforms that align approximately north-south. These features were created as the wind scoured and eroded the bedrock.The raised relief of the meandering river suggests inverted topography, likely due to lithification and cementation of the riverbed sediment. The cemented channel deposits were resistant, and thus less susceptible to erosion over time. However, the area surrounding the riverbed suggests that this area was a floodplain of weaker lithology that was subsequently eroded and shaped to the yardangs.The main meandering inverted riverbed within the image has a length of about 13 kilometers. The elevation of the channel at the top of the image is on the order of 113 meters higher than the bottom, based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. This elevation difference and the increase in sinuosity of the channel shape in the southerly direction implies that the flow of the ancient river may have been heading south-southwest.This is a stereo pair with ESP_025407_1745.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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Short Caption : In this image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft, an ancient sinuous meandering river system is surrounded by features called 'yardangs.' The yardangs are the ridge-like landforms that align approximately north-south. Long Caption : Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionIn this image, an ancient sinuous meandering river system is surrounded by features called "yardangs." The yardangs are the ridge-like landforms that align approximately north-south. These features were created as the wind scoured and eroded the bedrock.The raised relief of the meandering river suggests inverted topography, likely due to lithification and cementation of the riverbed sediment. The cemented channel deposits were resistant, and thus less susceptible to erosion over time. However, the area surrounding the riverbed suggests that this area was a floodplain of weaker lithology that was subsequently eroded and shaped to the yardangs.The main meandering inverted riverbed within the image has a length of about 13 kilometers. The elevation of the channel at the top of the image is on the order of 113 meters higher than the bottom, based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. This elevation difference and the increase in sinuosity of the channel shape in the southerly direction implies that the flow of the ancient river may have been heading south-southwest.This is a stereo pair with ESP_025407_1745.The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01505

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA01505_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows a portion of Corasis Fossae valleys. These subdued valleys and pits show structural control. The pattern of pitting suggests removal of subsurface support may have played an important role in valley formation.

Portion of Corasis Fossae valleys (MOC 8205). These subdued valleys (35.6°S, 75.4°W) show structural control, as do pits in the center of the upper half of image. The pattern of pitting suggests removal of subsurface support may have played an important role in valley formation. The adjacent upland surface is not dissected. This slightly oblique view (emission angle = 20.7°) was taken at low incidence angle (25.4°); the downtrack scale is 11.5 m/pixel and the crosstrack scale is 6.6 m/pixel.Malin Space Science Systems and the California Institute of Technology built the MOC using spare hardware from the Mars Observer mission. MSSS operates the camera from its facilities in San Diego, CA. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows a portion of Corasis Fossae valleys. These subdued valleys and pits show structural control. The pattern of pitting suggests removal of subsurface support may have played an important role in valley formation. Long Caption : Portion of Corasis Fossae valleys (MOC 8205). These subdued valleys (35.6°S, 75.4°W) show structural control, as do pits in the center of the upper half of image. The pattern of pitting suggests removal of subsurface support may have played an important role in valley formation. The adjacent upland surface is not dissected. This slightly oblique view (emission angle = 20.7°) was taken at low incidence angle (25.4°); the downtrack scale is 11.5 m/pixel and the crosstrack scale is 6.6 m/pixel.Malin Space Science Systems and the California Institute of Technology built the MOC using spare hardware from the Mars Observer mission. MSSS operates the camera from its facilities in San Diego, CA. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06690

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA06690_modest.jpg

A Peak of Interest

This approximate true-color rendering of an image taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows a view of the peak-like outcrop atop "West Spur." Spirit will attempt to drive up the north slope of the "Columbia Hills" to reach similar rock outcrops and investigate the composition of the hills. The image was taken on sol 178 (July 4, 2004) using the camera's 750-, 530- and 430-nanometer filters.

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Short Caption : A Peak of Interest Long Caption : This approximate true-color rendering of an image taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows a view of the peak-like outcrop atop "West Spur." Spirit will attempt to drive up the north slope of the "Columbia Hills" to reach similar rock outcrops and investigate the composition of the hills. The image was taken on sol 178 (July 4, 2004) using the camera's 750-, 530- and 430-nanometer filters.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05197

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05197_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the rover's Moessbauer spectrometer (circular device in center), located on its instrument deployment device, or 'arm.'

This image taken at Meridiani Planum, Mars, by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the rover's Moessbauer spectrometer (circular device in center), located on its instrument deployment device, or "arm." The image was acquired on the ninth martian day or sol of the rover's mission.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the rover's Moessbauer spectrometer (circular device in center), located on its instrument deployment device, or 'arm.' Long Caption : This image taken at Meridiani Planum, Mars, by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the rover's Moessbauer spectrometer (circular device in center), located on its instrument deployment device, or "arm." The image was acquired on the ninth martian day or sol of the rover's mission.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA07353

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA07353_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows the remains of two impact craters that were filled, buried, and then exhumed from within layered sedimentary rock in the martian crater, Gale. Wind erosion has sculpted tapered yardang ridges in the uppermost rock layers.

12 February 2005 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows the remains of two impact craters that were filled, buried, and then exhumed from within layered sedimentary rock in the martian crater, Gale. Wind erosion has sculpted tapered yardang ridges in the uppermost rock layers exposed at this location.This is the 1000th captioned image release from the MGS MOC team. The first release occurred in July 1997, when the spacecraft was still speeding toward the red planet. Many people have asked "why are the releases numbered starting with 'MOC2'?" The MGS MOC is the second MOC, so it is designated "MOC2." The first MOC was flown on the Mars Observer spacecraft, which was lost just before arrival at Mars in August 1993. The MOC science investigation was originally selected by NASA in 1986. The MGS MOC effort is currently in its third extended mission, and is funded through at least October 2006.Location near: 5.0°S, 222.8°W Image width: ~3.0 km (~1.9 mi) Illumination from: upper left Season: Southern Winter

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows the remains of two impact craters that were filled, buried, and then exhumed from within layered sedimentary rock in the martian crater, Gale. Wind erosion has sculpted tapered yardang ridges in the uppermost rock layers. Long Caption : 12 February 2005 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows the remains of two impact craters that were filled, buried, and then exhumed from within layered sedimentary rock in the martian crater, Gale. Wind erosion has sculpted tapered yardang ridges in the uppermost rock layers exposed at this location.This is the 1000th captioned image release from the MGS MOC team. The first release occurred in July 1997, when the spacecraft was still speeding toward the red planet. Many people have asked "why are the releases numbered starting with 'MOC2'?" The MGS MOC is the second MOC, so it is designated "MOC2." The first MOC was flown on the Mars Observer spacecraft, which was lost just before arrival at Mars in August 1993. The MOC science investigation was originally selected by NASA in 1986. The MGS MOC effort is currently in its third extended mission, and is funded through at least October 2006.Location near: 5.0°S, 222.8°W Image width: ~3.0 km (~1.9 mi) Illumination from: upper left Season: Southern Winter

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17100

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These windstreaks are located on Syrtis Major Planum, as shown in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.

Context imageThese windstreaks are located on Syrtis Major Planum.Orbit Number: 50106 Latitude: 6.33147 Longitude: 72.3107 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-03-31 19:34Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : These windstreaks are located on Syrtis Major Planum, as shown in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Long Caption : Context imageThese windstreaks are located on Syrtis Major Planum.Orbit Number: 50106 Latitude: 6.33147 Longitude: 72.3107 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2013-03-31 19:34Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00751

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA00751_modest.jpg

This portion of the 360-degree gallery panorama shows NASA's Pathfinder's rear ramp, the rock 'Barnacle Bill' at left, and leading up to the large rock 'Yogi' are the rover's tracks.

This portion of the 360-degree gallery panorama shows Pathfinder's rear ramp, the rock "Barnacle Bill" at left, and rover tracks leading up to the large rock "Yogi." Rover Sojourner is seen using its Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) instrument to study Yogi's composition. Rover tracks and circular patterns in the soil are from Sojourner's soil mechanics experiments, in which varying amounts of pressure were applied to the rover's wheels in order to determine physical properties of the soil. The image was taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) over sols 8, 9, and 10, using the red, green and blue filters.Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is an operating division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) was developed by the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory under contract to JPL. Peter Smith is the Principal Investigator. Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

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Short Caption : This portion of the 360-degree gallery panorama shows NASA's Pathfinder's rear ramp, the rock 'Barnacle Bill' at left, and leading up to the large rock 'Yogi' are the rover's tracks. Long Caption : This portion of the 360-degree gallery panorama shows Pathfinder's rear ramp, the rock "Barnacle Bill" at left, and rover tracks leading up to the large rock "Yogi." Rover Sojourner is seen using its Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) instrument to study Yogi's composition. Rover tracks and circular patterns in the soil are from Sojourner's soil mechanics experiments, in which varying amounts of pressure were applied to the rover's wheels in order to determine physical properties of the soil. The image was taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) over sols 8, 9, and 10, using the red, green and blue filters.Mars Pathfinder is the second in NASA's Discovery program of low-cost spacecraft with highly focused science goals. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is an operating division of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) was developed by the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory under contract to JPL. Peter Smith is the Principal Investigator. Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24559

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This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows the floor of an unnamed crater in Terra Sirenum.

Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows the floor of an unnamed crater in Terra Sirenum.Orbit Number: 74920 Latitude: -38.149 Longitude: 224.32 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-11-04 03:41Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows the floor of an unnamed crater in Terra Sirenum. Long Caption : Context imageThe THEMIS VIS camera contains 5 filters. The data from different filters can be combined in multiple ways to create a false color image. These false color images may reveal subtle variations of the surface not easily identified in a single band image. Today's false color image shows the floor of an unnamed crater in Terra Sirenum.Orbit Number: 74920 Latitude: -38.149 Longitude: 224.32 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-11-04 03:41Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00683

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The two hills in the distance in this stereo image from NASA's Mars Pathfinder have been dubbed the 'Twin Peaks.' 3D glasses are necessary to identify surface detail.

The two hills in the distance, approximately one to two kilometers away, have been dubbed the "Twin Peaks" and are of great interest to Pathfinder scientists as objects of future study. 3D glasses are necessary to identify surface detail. The white areas on the left hill, called the "Ski Run" by scientists, may have been formed by hydrologic processes.The IMP is a stereo imaging system with color capability provided by 24 selectable filters -- twelve filters per "eye.Click below to see the left and right views individually.LeftRight Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

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Short Caption : The two hills in the distance in this stereo image from NASA's Mars Pathfinder have been dubbed the 'Twin Peaks.' 3D glasses are necessary to identify surface detail. Long Caption : The two hills in the distance, approximately one to two kilometers away, have been dubbed the "Twin Peaks" and are of great interest to Pathfinder scientists as objects of future study. 3D glasses are necessary to identify surface detail. The white areas on the left hill, called the "Ski Run" by scientists, may have been formed by hydrologic processes.The IMP is a stereo imaging system with color capability provided by 24 selectable filters -- twelve filters per "eye.Click below to see the left and right views individually.LeftRight Photojournal note: Sojourner spent 83 days of a planned seven-day mission exploring the Martian terrain, acquiring images, and taking chemical, atmospheric and other measurements. The final data transmission received from Pathfinder was at 10:23 UTC on September 27, 1997. Although mission managers tried to restore full communications during the following five months, the successful mission was terminated on March 10, 1998.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20613

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This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea.

Context imageToday's image shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. There are numerous dark streaks visible on the inner rim of the crater. These streaks are thought to form due to down slope movement of a rock or other material which removes or disturbs the surface dust revealing the darker rock surface.Orbit Number: 63071 Latitude: 9.01729 Longitude: 40.0068 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-03-03 01:20Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. Long Caption : Context imageToday's image shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea. There are numerous dark streaks visible on the inner rim of the crater. These streaks are thought to form due to down slope movement of a rock or other material which removes or disturbs the surface dust revealing the darker rock surface.Orbit Number: 63071 Latitude: 9.01729 Longitude: 40.0068 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-03-03 01:20Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24485

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From its landing site, Octavia E. Butler Landing, NASA's Perseverance rover can see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta (the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground) with its Mastcam-Z instrument.

Figure 1From its landing site, "Octavia E. Butler Landing," NASA's Perseverance rover can see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta with its Mastcam-Z instrument. Scientists believe this delta is what remains of the confluence between an ancient river and a lake at Mars' Jezero Crater. The delta remnant is the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground this image acquired on Feb. 22, 2021.An annotated version of the image shows a scale bar for 30 feet (10 meters). The delta remnant is about 1.4 miles (2.3 kilometers) to the west of the Perseverance landing site. The visible portion of the remnant is about 660 feet (200 meters) across. In the foreground is a boulder about 6 feet (2 meters) across that is about 425 feet (130 meters) from the rover. The image colors portray an estimate of the natural color of each scene, or approximately what the scene would look like if we viewed it with human eyes.A key objective for Perseverance's mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet's geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.For more about Perseverance: mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

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Short Caption : From its landing site, Octavia E. Butler Landing, NASA's Perseverance rover can see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta (the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground) with its Mastcam-Z instrument. Long Caption : Figure 1From its landing site, "Octavia E. Butler Landing," NASA's Perseverance rover can see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta with its Mastcam-Z instrument. Scientists believe this delta is what remains of the confluence between an ancient river and a lake at Mars' Jezero Crater. The delta remnant is the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground this image acquired on Feb. 22, 2021.An annotated version of the image shows a scale bar for 30 feet (10 meters). The delta remnant is about 1.4 miles (2.3 kilometers) to the west of the Perseverance landing site. The visible portion of the remnant is about 660 feet (200 meters) across. In the foreground is a boulder about 6 feet (2 meters) across that is about 425 feet (130 meters) from the rover. The image colors portray an estimate of the natural color of each scene, or approximately what the scene would look like if we viewed it with human eyes.A key objective for Perseverance's mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet's geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust).Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.For more about Perseverance: mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04693

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NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows streaks in the lee of obstacles such as meteor impact craters and lava flow margins in southwestern Daedalia Planum on Mars.

MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-459, 21 August 2003This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) wide angle (red camera) image shows streaks in the lee of obstacles such as meteor impact craters and lava flow margins in southwestern Daedalia Planum. The image covers an area about 252 km (157 mi) across near 13°S, 142°W. The streaks indicate that the dominant winds blow toward the northwest (left/upper left). Sunlight illuminates the scene from the left/upper left.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows streaks in the lee of obstacles such as meteor impact craters and lava flow margins in southwestern Daedalia Planum on Mars. Long Caption : MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-459, 21 August 2003This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) wide angle (red camera) image shows streaks in the lee of obstacles such as meteor impact craters and lava flow margins in southwestern Daedalia Planum. The image covers an area about 252 km (157 mi) across near 13°S, 142°W. The streaks indicate that the dominant winds blow toward the northwest (left/upper left). Sunlight illuminates the scene from the left/upper left.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11442

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA11442_modest.jpg

Periodic Layering in Martian Sedimentary Rocks, Oblique View

This oblique view of periodic layering in Martian sedimentary layers was derived from three-dimensional modeling based on a stereo pair of images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The vertical dimension is exaggerated by a factor of two. It shows the regularity in repetition of layers with approximately the same thickness. Individual layers in the area average about 10 meters (33 feet) in thickness. The location of the imaged area is at 8 degrees north latitude, 353 degrees east longitude, inside an unnamed crater within the Arabia Terra region.Some of the same layers visible in the right-side half of this view are the layers that can be seen in the center of a sample view from the original HiRISE image of this area (see PIA11441).NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project and built the spacecraft. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is operated by the University of Arizona, Tucson, and the instrument was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo.

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Short Caption : Periodic Layering in Martian Sedimentary Rocks, Oblique View Long Caption : This oblique view of periodic layering in Martian sedimentary layers was derived from three-dimensional modeling based on a stereo pair of images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The vertical dimension is exaggerated by a factor of two. It shows the regularity in repetition of layers with approximately the same thickness. Individual layers in the area average about 10 meters (33 feet) in thickness. The location of the imaged area is at 8 degrees north latitude, 353 degrees east longitude, inside an unnamed crater within the Arabia Terra region.Some of the same layers visible in the right-side half of this view are the layers that can be seen in the center of a sample view from the original HiRISE image of this area (see PIA11441).NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project and built the spacecraft. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is operated by the University of Arizona, Tucson, and the instrument was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22602

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA22602_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows a portion of Ophir Chasma, a part of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon system on Mars. At the top of the image is a portion of a large landslide deposit which originate at the northern wall of the canyon.

Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of Ophir Chasma. Ophir Chasma is part of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon system on Mars. At the top of the image is a portion of a large landslide deposit which originate at the northern wall of the canyon. The bright toned part at the bottom of the image is the northern extent of Beatis Mensa, a large layered deposit within the canyon.Orbit Number: 72429 Latitude: -3.9913 Longitude: 288.136 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-04-12 23:52Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey shows a portion of Ophir Chasma, a part of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon system on Mars. At the top of the image is a portion of a large landslide deposit which originate at the northern wall of the canyon. Long Caption : Context imageToday's VIS image shows part of Ophir Chasma. Ophir Chasma is part of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon system on Mars. At the top of the image is a portion of a large landslide deposit which originate at the northern wall of the canyon. The bright toned part at the bottom of the image is the northern extent of Beatis Mensa, a large layered deposit within the canyon.Orbit Number: 72429 Latitude: -3.9913 Longitude: 288.136 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2018-04-12 23:52Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17110

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA17110_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft looks like a thumbs up or a mitten pattern in the dark dunes on the floor of a crater.

Context imageDo you see what I see? Looks like a thumb's up or a mitten pattern in the dark dunes on the floor of this crater.Orbit Number: 17618 Latitude: -68.0936 Longitude: 175.554 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2005-12-03 23:10Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft looks like a thumbs up or a mitten pattern in the dark dunes on the floor of a crater. Long Caption : Context imageDo you see what I see? Looks like a thumb's up or a mitten pattern in the dark dunes on the floor of this crater.Orbit Number: 17618 Latitude: -68.0936 Longitude: 175.554 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2005-12-03 23:10Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06028

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Spirit's View on Sol 142 (Right Eye)

This is the right-eye view of a stereo pair showing a 360-degree view of the terrain surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on the 142nd martian day of the rover's mission inside Gusev Crater, on May 27, 2004. It was assembled from images taken by Spirit's navigation camera. The rover's position is Site A55. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection with geometrical seam correction.See PIA06026 for 3-D view and PIA06027 for left eye view of this right eye cylindrical-perspective projection.

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Short Caption : Spirit's View on Sol 142 (Right Eye) Long Caption : This is the right-eye view of a stereo pair showing a 360-degree view of the terrain surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on the 142nd martian day of the rover's mission inside Gusev Crater, on May 27, 2004. It was assembled from images taken by Spirit's navigation camera. The rover's position is Site A55. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection with geometrical seam correction.See PIA06026 for 3-D view and PIA06027 for left eye view of this right eye cylindrical-perspective projection.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11951

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA11951_modest.jpg

This 2001 Mars Odyssey image shows windstreaks located on the Syrtis Major Volcanic complex on Mars.

Context imageCredit: NASA/JPL/MOLAThe windstreaks in this VIS image are located on the Syrtis Major Volcanic complex. The direction of the tails (behind the impact crater) indicate the winds are blowing from ENE to WSW.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 8.5N, Longitude 69.9E. 42 meter/pixel resolution.Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This 2001 Mars Odyssey image shows windstreaks located on the Syrtis Major Volcanic complex on Mars. Long Caption : Context imageCredit: NASA/JPL/MOLAThe windstreaks in this VIS image are located on the Syrtis Major Volcanic complex. The direction of the tails (behind the impact crater) indicate the winds are blowing from ENE to WSW.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 8.5N, Longitude 69.9E. 42 meter/pixel resolution.Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03233

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA03233_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit taken on Nov 2, 2005 shows an impact feature called 'East Basin.' Dark features on the far side of the basin are basaltic sand deposits emplaced on the lee sides of hills by northwesterly winds.

Click on the image for 'East Basin' Panorama (QTVR)NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit used its panoramic camera to obtain this view of the impact feature called "East Basin" to the northeast of "Husband Hill." The images combined into this mosaic were taken during Spirit's 653rd Martian day, or sol (Nov. 3, 2005), just before Spirit descended eastward onto "Haskin Ridge." The view is about 150 degrees wide. It is an approximately true-color rendering generated using the camera's 750-nanometer, 530-nanometer, and 480-nanometer filters. Dark features on the far side of the basin, just left of center in this view, are basaltic sand deposits that were emplaced on the lee sides of hills by northwesterly winds. Haskin Ridge is visible along the right margin of the image, capped by a light-toned layer of rock. Spirit investigated the light-toned rock unit after taking this image. The basaltic plains located east of the "Columbia Hills" can be seen in the distance beyond "East Basin." The rim of Thira crater is just visible on the distant horizon some 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) away.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit taken on Nov 2, 2005 shows an impact feature called 'East Basin.' Dark features on the far side of the basin are basaltic sand deposits emplaced on the lee sides of hills by northwesterly winds. Long Caption : Click on the image for 'East Basin' Panorama (QTVR)NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit used its panoramic camera to obtain this view of the impact feature called "East Basin" to the northeast of "Husband Hill." The images combined into this mosaic were taken during Spirit's 653rd Martian day, or sol (Nov. 3, 2005), just before Spirit descended eastward onto "Haskin Ridge." The view is about 150 degrees wide. It is an approximately true-color rendering generated using the camera's 750-nanometer, 530-nanometer, and 480-nanometer filters. Dark features on the far side of the basin, just left of center in this view, are basaltic sand deposits that were emplaced on the lee sides of hills by northwesterly winds. Haskin Ridge is visible along the right margin of the image, capped by a light-toned layer of rock. Spirit investigated the light-toned rock unit after taking this image. The basaltic plains located east of the "Columbia Hills" can be seen in the distance beyond "East Basin." The rim of Thira crater is just visible on the distant horizon some 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) away.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19961

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA19961_modest.jpg

This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft shows a channel system flowing to the southwest toward the huge Hellas impact basin.

Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionThis scarp at the edge of the North Polar layered deposits of Mars is the site of the most frequent frost avalanches seen by HiRISE. At this season, northern spring, frost avalanches are common and HiRISE monitors the scarp to learn more about the timing and frequency of the avalanches, and their relationship to the evolution of frost on the flat ground above and below the scarp.This picture managed to capture a small avalanche in progress, right in the color strip. See if you can spot it in the browse image, and then click on the cutout to see it at full resolution. The small white cloud in front of the brick red cliff is likely carbon dioxide frost dislodged from the layers above, caught in the act of cascading down the cliff. It is larger than it looks, more than 20 meters across, and (based on previous examples) it will likely kick up clouds of dust when it hits the ground.The avalanches tend to take place at a season when the North Polar region is warming, suggesting that the avalanches may be triggered by thermal expansion. The avalanches remind us, along with active sand dunes, dust devils, slope streaks and recurring slope lineae, that Mars is an active and dynamic planet. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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Short Caption : This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft shows a channel system flowing to the southwest toward the huge Hellas impact basin. Long Caption : Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionThis scarp at the edge of the North Polar layered deposits of Mars is the site of the most frequent frost avalanches seen by HiRISE. At this season, northern spring, frost avalanches are common and HiRISE monitors the scarp to learn more about the timing and frequency of the avalanches, and their relationship to the evolution of frost on the flat ground above and below the scarp.This picture managed to capture a small avalanche in progress, right in the color strip. See if you can spot it in the browse image, and then click on the cutout to see it at full resolution. The small white cloud in front of the brick red cliff is likely carbon dioxide frost dislodged from the layers above, caught in the act of cascading down the cliff. It is larger than it looks, more than 20 meters across, and (based on previous examples) it will likely kick up clouds of dust when it hits the ground.The avalanches tend to take place at a season when the North Polar region is warming, suggesting that the avalanches may be triggered by thermal expansion. The avalanches remind us, along with active sand dunes, dust devils, slope streaks and recurring slope lineae, that Mars is an active and dynamic planet. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12859

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA12859_modest.jpg

Two pairs of side-by-side, before and after images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter illustrate changes in the shape of edges of dark sand dunes in the Nili Patera region of Mars.

Two pairs of side-by-side, before and after images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter illustrate changes in the shape of edges of dark sand dunes in the Nili Patera region of Mars. The two images on the left are excerpts from a June 30, 2007, observation (late autumn at the site). The two on the right are of the same ground observed 15 weeks later, on Oct. 13, 2007 (winter at the site). Dark dunes overlaid with smaller ripples fill the bottom of the upper pair and cross the middle of the lower pair. In each image, an inset box in the upper left holds a diagram of the ripple crests (yellow lines) and dune edges (green lines) within the inscribed box to the right of the diagram. Changes both in the dune edges and in the ripple crests occurred during the interval between the June observation and the October observation.White scale bars in each image are 10 meters (33 feet) long. North is toward the top.A locator map at PIA12857 shows the context for the areas shown in these images. The inset box there labeled 4a-a' indicates the location of the top pair here. The box 4b-b' indicates the location of the bottom pair here. The site is field of dark sand dunes at 9 degrees north latitude, 67 degrees east longitude.This comparison is part of a study of whether wind-shaped bedforms on Mars -- dunes and ripples -- are actively migrating in present-day atmospheric conditions. It is from a presentation by S. Silvestro, L.K. Fenton and D.A. Vaz at the 41st Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference, March 2010, reporting that the bedforms at this Nili Patera site are actively migrating. The changes suggest that these dunes are not heavily cemented or crusted.Other products from the June 30, 2007, HiRISE observation of this dune field are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_004339_1890. Other products from Oct. 13, 2007, observation are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_005684_1890. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the spacecraft development and integration contractor for the project and built the spacecraft.

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Short Caption : Two pairs of side-by-side, before and after images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter illustrate changes in the shape of edges of dark sand dunes in the Nili Patera region of Mars. Long Caption : Two pairs of side-by-side, before and after images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter illustrate changes in the shape of edges of dark sand dunes in the Nili Patera region of Mars. The two images on the left are excerpts from a June 30, 2007, observation (late autumn at the site). The two on the right are of the same ground observed 15 weeks later, on Oct. 13, 2007 (winter at the site). Dark dunes overlaid with smaller ripples fill the bottom of the upper pair and cross the middle of the lower pair. In each image, an inset box in the upper left holds a diagram of the ripple crests (yellow lines) and dune edges (green lines) within the inscribed box to the right of the diagram. Changes both in the dune edges and in the ripple crests occurred during the interval between the June observation and the October observation.White scale bars in each image are 10 meters (33 feet) long. North is toward the top.A locator map at PIA12857 shows the context for the areas shown in these images. The inset box there labeled 4a-a' indicates the location of the top pair here. The box 4b-b' indicates the location of the bottom pair here. The site is field of dark sand dunes at 9 degrees north latitude, 67 degrees east longitude.This comparison is part of a study of whether wind-shaped bedforms on Mars -- dunes and ripples -- are actively migrating in present-day atmospheric conditions. It is from a presentation by S. Silvestro, L.K. Fenton and D.A. Vaz at the 41st Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference, March 2010, reporting that the bedforms at this Nili Patera site are actively migrating. The changes suggest that these dunes are not heavily cemented or crusted.Other products from the June 30, 2007, HiRISE observation of this dune field are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_004339_1890. Other products from Oct. 13, 2007, observation are available at http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_005684_1890. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates the HiRISE camera, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the spacecraft development and integration contractor for the project and built the spacecraft.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20444

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA20444_modest.jpg

The channels in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft are part of Hebrus Valles.

Context imageThe channels in this VIS image are part of Hebrus Valles. Hebrus Valles is located in the southern part of Utopia Planitia.Orbit Number: 62519 Latitude: 18.132 Longitude: 127.656 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-01-17 14:16Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : The channels in this image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft are part of Hebrus Valles. Long Caption : Context imageThe channels in this VIS image are part of Hebrus Valles. Hebrus Valles is located in the southern part of Utopia Planitia.Orbit Number: 62519 Latitude: 18.132 Longitude: 127.656 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2016-01-17 14:16Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17939

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA17939_modest.jpg

NASA's Curiosity Mars rover used the Navigation Camera (Navcam) on its mast to catch this look-back eastward at wheel tracks from driving through and past 'Dingo Gap' inside Gale Crater.

NASA's Curiosity Mars rover used the Navigation Camera (Navcam) on its mast to catch this look-back eastward at wheel tracks from driving through and past "Dingo Gap" inside Gale Crater. The gap, spanned by a 3-foot-tall (1-meter-tall) dune, is at the right-hand side of the horizon in this scene. Curiosity crossed the dune on the 535th Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work on Mars (Feb. 6). On Sol 538 (Feb. 9), it drove 135 feet (41.1 meters) farther westward. This image was taken on Sol 539 (Feb. 10) from the location reached by the previous sol's drive. For scale, the distance between the parallel wheel tracks is about 9 feet (2.7 meters).The high-mounted cylinder on the rear part of the vehicle is the rover's UHF (ultrahigh frequency) antenna. The set of disks mounted below it is part of the calibration target for Curiosity's Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument. The ball-on-a-stick device in the foreground is the calibration target, including a sundial, for Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam). To the right of the UHF antenna in this image are the radiator fins for Curiosity's power supply, a radioisotope thermoelectric generator. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project and the mission's Curiosity rover for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The rover was designed and assembled at JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.More information about Curiosity is online at http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/.

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Short Caption : NASA's Curiosity Mars rover used the Navigation Camera (Navcam) on its mast to catch this look-back eastward at wheel tracks from driving through and past 'Dingo Gap' inside Gale Crater. Long Caption : NASA's Curiosity Mars rover used the Navigation Camera (Navcam) on its mast to catch this look-back eastward at wheel tracks from driving through and past "Dingo Gap" inside Gale Crater. The gap, spanned by a 3-foot-tall (1-meter-tall) dune, is at the right-hand side of the horizon in this scene. Curiosity crossed the dune on the 535th Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work on Mars (Feb. 6). On Sol 538 (Feb. 9), it drove 135 feet (41.1 meters) farther westward. This image was taken on Sol 539 (Feb. 10) from the location reached by the previous sol's drive. For scale, the distance between the parallel wheel tracks is about 9 feet (2.7 meters).The high-mounted cylinder on the rear part of the vehicle is the rover's UHF (ultrahigh frequency) antenna. The set of disks mounted below it is part of the calibration target for Curiosity's Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument. The ball-on-a-stick device in the foreground is the calibration target, including a sundial, for Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam). To the right of the UHF antenna in this image are the radiator fins for Curiosity's power supply, a radioisotope thermoelectric generator. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project and the mission's Curiosity rover for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The rover was designed and assembled at JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.More information about Curiosity is online at http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06862

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA06862_modest.jpg

This image released on Sept 7, 2004 from NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey shows Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system. If this canyon were on Earth, it would stretch from New York to Los Angeles. Seen here is a landslide in Ius Chasma.

The Odyssey spacecraft has taken some great pictures of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system. If this canyon were on Earth, it would stretch from New York to Los Angeles. For the next several weeks, the Image of the Day will tour some of the canyons that make up this vast system. We will start with Ius Chasma in the west, and end with Coprates Chasma to the east. For more information on Vallis Marineris, please see http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mep/science/vm.html.This image of Ius Chasma was collected during the southern spring season. Debris from a landslide seems to cover most of the scene.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -7.8, Longitude 280.8 East (79.2 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image released on Sept 7, 2004 from NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey shows Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system. If this canyon were on Earth, it would stretch from New York to Los Angeles. Seen here is a landslide in Ius Chasma. Long Caption : The Odyssey spacecraft has taken some great pictures of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system. If this canyon were on Earth, it would stretch from New York to Los Angeles. For the next several weeks, the Image of the Day will tour some of the canyons that make up this vast system. We will start with Ius Chasma in the west, and end with Coprates Chasma to the east. For more information on Vallis Marineris, please see http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mep/science/vm.html.This image of Ius Chasma was collected during the southern spring season. Debris from a landslide seems to cover most of the scene.Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -7.8, Longitude 280.8 East (79.2 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21802

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA21802_modest.jpg

This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows the western part of the dune field on the floor of Russell Crater.

Context image This image shows the western part of the dune field on the floor of Russell Crater. Russell Crater is located in Noachis Terra. A spectacular dune ridge and other dune forms on the crater floor have caused extensive imaging.The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images!Orbit Number: 33970 Latitude: -54.3831 Longitude: 12.3712 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2009-08-11 09:20Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : This image captured by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows the western part of the dune field on the floor of Russell Crater. Long Caption : Context image This image shows the western part of the dune field on the floor of Russell Crater. Russell Crater is located in Noachis Terra. A spectacular dune ridge and other dune forms on the crater floor have caused extensive imaging.The Odyssey spacecraft has spent over 15 years in orbit around Mars, circling the planet more than 69000 times. It holds the record for longest working spacecraft at Mars. THEMIS, the IR/VIS camera system, has collected data for the entire mission and provides images covering all seasons and lighting conditions. Over the years many features of interest have received repeated imaging, building up a suite of images covering the entire feature. From the deepest chasma to the tallest volcano, individual dunes inside craters and dune fields that encircle the north pole, channels carved by water and lava, and a variety of other feature, THEMIS has imaged them all. For the next several months the image of the day will focus on the Tharsis volcanoes, the various chasmata of Valles Marineris, and the major dunes fields. We hope you enjoy these images!Orbit Number: 33970 Latitude: -54.3831 Longitude: 12.3712 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2009-08-11 09:20Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA13499

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA13499_modest.jpg

Arsia Chasmata is a complex collapsed region at the northeastern flank of Arsia Mons. The collapsed region aligns with the Pavonis and Ascraeus Mons volcanoes on Mars as seen by NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft.

Context imageArsia Chasmata is the name given to the complex collapsed region at the northeastern flank of Arsia Mons. The collapsed region aligns with the Pavonis and Ascraeus Mons volcanoes, indicating that all three volcanoes are located on a major fracture in the Tharsis region.Orbit Number: 39341 Latitude: -7.58541 Longitude: 241.005 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2010-10-27 14:37Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : Arsia Chasmata is a complex collapsed region at the northeastern flank of Arsia Mons. The collapsed region aligns with the Pavonis and Ascraeus Mons volcanoes on Mars as seen by NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Long Caption : Context imageArsia Chasmata is the name given to the complex collapsed region at the northeastern flank of Arsia Mons. The collapsed region aligns with the Pavonis and Ascraeus Mons volcanoes, indicating that all three volcanoes are located on a major fracture in the Tharsis region.Orbit Number: 39341 Latitude: -7.58541 Longitude: 241.005 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2010-10-27 14:37Please see the THEMIS Data Citation Note for details on crediting THEMIS images.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18820

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA18820_modest.jpg

This observation from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows both dome and barchan dunes in a small sand dune field on the floor of Newton Crater, an approximately 300 kilometer (130 mile) wide crater in the Southern hemisphere of Mars.

Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionThis observation shows a small sand dune field on the floor of Newton Crater, an approximately 300 kilometer (130 mile) wide crater in the Southern hemisphere of Mars.The image shows both dome and barchan dunes. Both these types of dunes are also found on Earth. Barchan dunes in particular are common on Earth, and are generally crescent-shaped with a steep slip face bordered by horns oriented in the downwind direction. Barchan dunes form by unidirectional winds and are good indicators of the dominant wind direction.In this case, the horns of the barchan dunes are not very distinct but appear to indicate that the strongest winds blew approximately southeast to northwest. Note the pattern the dunes form around a bright streak in the downwind direction behind a crater in the center of the image.HiRISE is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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Short Caption : This observation from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows both dome and barchan dunes in a small sand dune field on the floor of Newton Crater, an approximately 300 kilometer (130 mile) wide crater in the Southern hemisphere of Mars. Long Caption : Map Projected Browse ImageClick on the image for larger versionThis observation shows a small sand dune field on the floor of Newton Crater, an approximately 300 kilometer (130 mile) wide crater in the Southern hemisphere of Mars.The image shows both dome and barchan dunes. Both these types of dunes are also found on Earth. Barchan dunes in particular are common on Earth, and are generally crescent-shaped with a steep slip face bordered by horns oriented in the downwind direction. Barchan dunes form by unidirectional winds and are good indicators of the dominant wind direction.In this case, the horns of the barchan dunes are not very distinct but appear to indicate that the strongest winds blew approximately southeast to northwest. Note the pattern the dunes form around a bright streak in the downwind direction behind a crater in the center of the image.HiRISE is one of six instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22572

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA22572_modest.jpg

This image of NASA's InSight spacecraft, taken at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, shows several of the critical landing systems including the thrusters, lander legs and science deck.

Once NASA's InSight Mars lander enters the Martian atmosphere and approaches the planet's surface, propulsive landing gear will slow the spacecraft down to about 5.5 mph (8.8 km/h) and safely set it down on the surface of the Red Planet. This image, taken at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, shows several of the critical landing systems including the thrusters, lander legs and science deck.JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages InSight for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. InSight is part of NASA's Discovery Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The InSight spacecraft was built and tested by Lockheed Martin Space in Denver, Colorado.For more information about the mission, go to https://mars.nasa.gov/insight.

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Short Caption : This image of NASA's InSight spacecraft, taken at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, shows several of the critical landing systems including the thrusters, lander legs and science deck. Long Caption : Once NASA's InSight Mars lander enters the Martian atmosphere and approaches the planet's surface, propulsive landing gear will slow the spacecraft down to about 5.5 mph (8.8 km/h) and safely set it down on the surface of the Red Planet. This image, taken at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, shows several of the critical landing systems including the thrusters, lander legs and science deck.JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages InSight for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. InSight is part of NASA's Discovery Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The InSight spacecraft was built and tested by Lockheed Martin Space in Denver, Colorado.For more information about the mission, go to https://mars.nasa.gov/insight.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04004

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA04004_modest.jpg

The small crater observed at the middle-right edge of this NASA Mars Odyssey image is very different from other similar looking impact craters located southeast of the Pavonis Mons volcano.

The small crater observed at the middle-right edge of this THEMIS image is very different from other similar looking impact craters located southeast of the Pavonis Mons volcano. This crater appears to be a volcanic crater at the summit of a small composite cone that shows evidence of repeated volcanic flows.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Short Caption : The small crater observed at the middle-right edge of this NASA Mars Odyssey image is very different from other similar looking impact craters located southeast of the Pavonis Mons volcano. Long Caption : The small crater observed at the middle-right edge of this THEMIS image is very different from other similar looking impact craters located southeast of the Pavonis Mons volcano. This crater appears to be a volcanic crater at the summit of a small composite cone that shows evidence of repeated volcanic flows.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05286

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA05286_modest.jpg

This 3-D anaglyph, from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, shows an extreme close-up of round, blueberry-shaped grains on the crater floor near the rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum called Stone Mountain. 3D glasses are necessary.

This 3-D image from the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity rover shows an extreme close-up of round, blueberry-shaped grains on the crater floor near the rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum called Stone Mountain. Scientists are studying these curious formations for clues about the soil's history. The observed area is 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) across.

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Short Caption : This 3-D anaglyph, from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, shows an extreme close-up of round, blueberry-shaped grains on the crater floor near the rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum called Stone Mountain. 3D glasses are necessary. Long Caption : This 3-D image from the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity rover shows an extreme close-up of round, blueberry-shaped grains on the crater floor near the rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum called Stone Mountain. Scientists are studying these curious formations for clues about the soil's history. The observed area is 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) across.

https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06913

/content/Nasa_Mars_Images/PIA06913_modest.jpg

NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows light-toned, layered rock outcrops in a pitted and eroded region just northeast of Hellas Planitia on Mars. The light-toned materials are most likely sedimentary rocks deposited early in martian history.

7 October 2004This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows light-toned, layered rock outcrops in a pitted and eroded region just northeast of Hellas Planitia. The light-toned materials are most likely sedimentary rocks deposited early in martian history (but long after the Hellas Basin formed by a giant asteroid or comet impact). The scene also includes a plethora of large dark-toned, windblown ripples. The image is located near 27.2°S, 280.7°W, and covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) wide. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left.

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Short Caption : NASA's Mars Global Surveyor shows light-toned, layered rock outcrops in a pitted and eroded region just northeast of Hellas Planitia on Mars. The light-toned materials are most likely sedimentary rocks deposited early in martian history. Long Caption : 7 October 2004This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows light-toned, layered rock outcrops in a pitted and eroded region just northeast of Hellas Planitia. The light-toned materials are most likely sedimentary rocks deposited early in martian history (but long after the Hellas Basin formed by a giant asteroid or comet impact). The scene also includes a plethora of large dark-toned, windblown ripples. The image is located near 27.2°S, 280.7°W, and covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) wide. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left.