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The technology that powers much of our performance marketing is
increasingly subject to strict regulation, and regulatory or legislative
changes could adversely impact the effectiveness of our performance
marketing efforts and, as a result, our business. For example, we rely
on the placement and use of "ookies"---text files stored on a Host or
guest' web browser or device ---and related and similar technologies to
support tailored marketing to consumers. Many countries have adopted, or
are in the process of adopting, regulations governing the use of cookies
and similar technologies, and individuals may be required to "pt-in"to
the placement of cookies used for purposes of marketing. For example, we
are subject to evolving EU and UK privacy laws on cookies, tracking
technologies, and e-marketing. In the European Union and United Kingdom
under national laws derived from the ePrivacy Directive, informed
consent is often required for the placement of a cookie or similar
technology on a user' device and for direct electronic marketing. The
GDPR also imposes conditions on obtaining valid consent, such as a
prohibition on pre-checked consents and a requirement to ensure separate
consents are sought for each type of cookie or similar technology. The
GDPR and similar laws also strictly regulate our use of personal data
for marketing purposes. Additional legislation in this space is
anticipated, which may increase the burden on our business and fines for
non-compliance. While the text of the ePrivacy Regulation is still under
development, recent European court and regulatory decisions as well as
guidance are driving increased attention to cookies and tracking
technologies, in particular in the online behavioral advertising
ecosystem. We are seeing increased proactive enforcement activity in
this area by European data regulators coupled with investigations
flowing from complaints made by privacy activist groups. In the United
States, several states have enacted laws that regulate the use of
consumers'personal information for marketing purposes. In California,
the California Consumer Privacy Act (as amended by the California
Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020) ("CPA") gives consumers the
right to opt out of the "ale"or "sharing"or their personal information,
where sharing is specifically tied to sharing of personal information
for cross-context behavioral advertising. With respect to the sale or
sharing of personal information, the California Attorney General
recently signaled an intent to aggressively enforce the CCPA'
requirements on consumer opt-outs of the sale of personal information.
Additionally, laws going into effect in 2023 in Virginia, Colorado,
Connecticut, and Utah give consumers the right to opt out of "argeted
advertising."
If the trend continues of increasing regulation and enforcement by
regulators of the technology we use for marketing, this could lead to
substantial costs, require significant systems changes, limit the
effectiveness of our marketing activities, divert the attention of our
technology personnel, adversely affect our margins, increase costs, and
subject us to additional liabilities. We could also face negative
publicity or reputation damage as a result of regulatory action or from
being named in complaints or enforcement actions about our practices.
Widespread adoption of regulations that significantly restrict our
ability to use performance marketing technology could adversely affect
our ability to market effectively to current and prospective Hosts and
guests, and thus materially adversely affect our business, results of
operations, and financial condition. Additionally, some providers of
consumer devices and web browsers have implemented means to make it
easier for consumers to prevent the placement of cookies, to block other
tracking technologies or to require new permissions from consumers for
certain activities, which could, if widely adopted, significantly reduce
the effectiveness of our marketing efforts.
We focus on unpaid channels such as SEO. SEO involves developing our
platform in a way that enables a search engine to rank our platform
prominently for search queries for which our platform' content may be
relevant. Changes to search engine algorithms or similar actions are not
within our control, and could adversely affect our search-engine
rankings and traffic to our platform. We believe that our SEO results
have been adversely affected by the launch of Google Travel and Google
Vacation Rental Ads, which reduce the prominence of our platform in
organic search results for travel-related terms and placement on Google.
To the extent that our brand and platform are listed less prominently or
fail to appear in search results for any reason, we would need to
increase our paid marketing spend which would increase our overall
customer acquisition costs and materially adversely affect our business,
results of operations, and financial condition. If Google or Apple uses
its own mobile operating systems or app distribution channels to favor
its own or other preferred travel service offerings, or impose policies
that effectively disallow us to continue our full product offerings in
those channels, there could be an adverse effect on our ability to
engage with Hosts and guests who access our platform via mobile apps or
search.
Moreover, as guests increase their booking activity across multiple
travel sites or compare offerings across sites, our marketing efficiency
and effectiveness is adversely impacted, which could cause us to
increase our sales and marketing expenditures in the future, which may
not be offset by additional revenue, and could materially adversely
affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In
addition, any negative publicity or public complaints, including those
that impede our ability to maintain positive brand awareness through our
marketing and consumer communications efforts, could harm our reputation
and lead to fewer Hosts and guests using our platform, and attempts to
replace this traffic through other channels will require us to increase
our sales and marketing expenditures.
*Our indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial
condition.* *Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow