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18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is a Modified Barium Swallow procedure useful for? | Its useful in determining the presence or absence of aspiration of material into the airway and assessing the movement of material into and through the upper portion of the esophagus. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | How is a modified barium swallow procedure performed? | Small amounts of different textured, flavored barium are swallowed. The barium may be mixed with different textures and food to assess swallowing function. Only a limited number of teaspoon size swallows and sips are presented. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What information is provided with a MBS procedure? | The MBS provides information about how material is managed orally just prior to the swallow and evaluates the mechanical aspects of the swallowing mechanism including airway protection and how well the material moves through the different phrases of swallowing. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | Is the patient sedated during a MBS procedure? | The patient fully alert. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | Is the MBS procedure painful? | No,its painless. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | How long does it take to complete a MBS? | Usually about 10 minutes. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What are the three stages of swallowing where a disorder may occur? | Esophageal phase (as food moves down the esophagus to the stomach) Oral phase (as food is chewed and prepared to swallow) Pharyngeal phase (as food moves from the mouth into the upper part of the throat) | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is choking? | A complete blockage of the upper airway by food or other objects, preventing a person from breathing effectively | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is aspiration? | Entry of material (usually liquids) into the airway below the true vocal cords | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS)? | VFSS is used to document occurrence of aspiration, reasons for aspiration, and possible therapies for aspiration. In this study the infant is given breastmilk or formula mixed with liquid barium. The infant is placed in a feeding seat and the fluoroscope table is tilted so that the response of the pharyngeal area during feeding can be captured as a permanent video image. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | How can family or caregivers help? | ask questions to understand problems in feeding and swallowing make sure they understand the treatment plan attend treatment sessions and follow recommended techniques at home and school communicate with everyone who works with the child about the feeding and swallowing issues and treatment plan. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is pediatric dysphagia? | Swallowing problems in infants and children is often diagnosed as this. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | Who may be diagnosed with Pediatric dysphagia? | Premature babies may be diagnosed with pediatric dysphagia if they develop irregular suck patterns during nursing. Toddlers and infants with cerebral palsy or a correctable cleft plate may also be diagnosed with pediatric dysphagia. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What occurs in the oral preparation stage? | Food is chewed and moistened by saliva. The tongue pushes food and liquids to the back of the mouth towards the throat. (This phase is voluntary: we have control over chewing and beginning to swallow.) | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What occurs in the pharyngeal phase? | Food enters the pharynx (throat). A flap called the epiglottis closes off the passage to the windpipe so food cannot get into the lungs. The muscles in the throat relax. Food and liquid are quickly passed down the pharynx (throat) into the esophagus. The epiglottis opens again so we can breathe. (This phase starts under voluntary control, but then becomes an involuntary phase that we cannot consciously control.) | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What occurs in the esophageal phase? | Liquids fall through the esophagus into the stomach by gravity. Muscles in the esophagus push food toward the stomach in wave-like movements known as peristalsis. A muscular band between the end of the esophagus and the upper portion of the esophagus (known as the lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes in response to swallowing, allowing food and liquids to enter the stomach. (The events in this phase are involuntary.) | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | When do swallowing disorders take place? | Swallowing disorders occur when one or more of these stages fails to take place properly. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | How is dysphagia diagnosed? | oral-pharyngeal video swallow Your child is given small amounts of a liquid containing barium to drink with a bottle, spoon, or cup, or spoon fed a solid food containing barium. Barium shows up well on x-ray. A series of x-rays are taken to evaluate what happens as your child swallows the liquid. barium swallow/upper GI series Your child is given a liquid containing barium (a metallic, chemical, chalky, liquid used to coat the inside of organs so that they will show up on an x-ray) to drink, and a series of x-rays are taken. The physician can watch what happens as your child swallows the fluid, and note any problems that may occur in the throat, the esophagus, or the stomach. endoscopy A test that uses a small, flexible tube with a light and a camera lens at the end (endoscope) to examine the inside of part of the digestive tract. Under anesthesia, an endoscopy is performed. Pictures are taken of the inside of the throat, the esophagus, and the stomach to look for abnormalities. Small tissue samples, called biopsies, can also be taken to look for problems | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What are some other tests that may be performed to evaluate dysphagia? | esophageal manometry Under sedation, a small tube containing a pressure gauge is guided through your child's mouth and into the esophagus. The pressure inside the esophagus is then measured to evaluate the esophageal motility. Under anesthesia, a physician places a tube into your child's throat and looks through it for narrowed areas and other problems. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | Intervention for infants with swallowing disorders. | Adding a small amount of rice cereal to infant formula or pumped breast milk may help dysphagia. Blending the formula/cereal mixture before adding it to a baby bottle can remove the lumps and make the mixture easier to suck through a nipple, as well as easier to swallow. Do not cut holes in nipples, since this can increase the risk for choking and aspiration, as well as interfere with the baby's oral development. Future feeding and speech skills may be affected. Baby foods should not be offered to infants from a spoon until they are at least 4 months old, since they do not have the proper coordination to swallow foods from a spoon until this age. Your child's speech or occupational therapist may be able to recommend other commercial products that help thicken liquids and make them easier to swallow. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
18b4b7bb__Infants_Flashcards___Cram_com__tion__and_respiratory_problems | What is the long-term outlook for a child with dysphagia? | Some children with dysphagia will have long-term problems. Children who have other health problems, especially those that affect the nerves and muscles (such as muscular dystrophy and brain injury), may not be able to experience much improvement with their swallowing difficulties. Other children may learn to eat and drink successfully. | [] | Pathophysiology of Swallowing in Infants Flashcards - Cram.com | malnutrition, dehydration, and respiratory problems | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/pathophysiology-of-swallowing-in-infants-367817 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00298-ip-10-236-191-2_376841396_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) restricts the location of properties that might become nuisances | Nuisance zoning... a) restricts the output level of companies if the production is a nuisance to the neighbors b) imposes taxes on properties that are nuisances c) restricts the location of properties that might become nuisances | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) restricts the location of developments that could increase the cost of providing government services | Fiscal zoning is a type of regulation that... a) impose taxes on properties that cause negative externalities b) restricts the location of developments that could increase the cost of providing government services c) impose higher taxes on properties in certain areas to fund the construction of infrastructure | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) a tax imposed on activities that cause negative externalities | Pigouvean tax is... a) a tax imposed on activities that cause negative externalities b) the price that the government charges for pollution permits c) a tax imposed on the sales of tradable development rights | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) a decrease in the supply of low skilled workers | Large lot zoning causes ______ in the city that adopts this type of zoning. a) a decrease in the supply of low skilled workers b) an increase in the supply of low skilled workers c) an increase in the demand for low skilled workers | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) policies that restrict population growth and/or urban sprawl | Urban growth controls are... a) policies to stimulate economic development through the attraction of business investments b) policies that stimulate greater population growth c) policies that restrict population growth and/or urban sprawl | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) a regulation that outlaws land development outside the boundary | An urban growth boundary is... a) a regulation that outlaws land development outside the boundary b) a policy that denies local government services outside the boundary c) the location of the expected border of the city in the foreseeable future | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) decrease because future land rents will likely be lower than it was expected before | When an urban growth boundary is imposed, the value of undeveloped land located just outside the boundary of a growing city tends to... a) increase because future land rents will likely be higher than it was expected before b) decrease because future land rents will likely be lower than it was expected before c) stay the same because it is given by farm land rents, which are not affected | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) growth controls improves the expected future quality of living of the city | A growing city with growth controls tend to have higher urban land values than a similar city without controls because... a) growth controls are implemented through an increase in property taxes b) growth controls make the city more friendly to businesses c) growth controls improves the expected future quality of living of the city | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) slow down; increase | In a growing city, urban growth controls ____________ housing filtering, making the cost of providing a given quality of housing structure to _______________. a) speed up; decrease b) slow down; decrease c) slow down; increase | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) opportunity cost of time spent driving | Which of the following is not an external cost of driving a car? a) health problems caused by pollution b) waste of time due to traffic congestion c) opportunity cost of time spent driving | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) The tax should equal the marginal external cost measured at the social optimum amount of driving | What is the optimal size of a congestion tax? a) The tax should equal the benefit of driving to each driver b) The tax should equal the marginal external cost measured at the social optimum amount of driving c) The tax should equal the marginal private cost of driving measured at the free market equilibrium amount of driving | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) land rents would increase in the central area | In a monocentric city, what would be the expected effect of congestion pricing (imposed in central areas) on land rents? a) land rents would decrease in the entire city b) land rents would increase in the central area c) land rents would decrease in the central area | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) the tax would be unpopular because it is regressive | Congestion pricing has not been implemented in many places yet. One of the reasons is that... a) the technology to enforce compliance is not effective (it would be too easy to evade). b) the tax would be unpopular because it is regressive c) past experience has shown that the tax does not reduce congestion significantly | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) monetary cost | In the U.S., mass transit typically imposes a lower _________ than car driving. a) monetary cost b) time cost c) discomfort cost | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) decreases with higher | Mass transit usage ______ income of households (holding other factors constant). a) increases with higher b) decreases with higher c) is not related to | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) mass transit market is a natural monopoly | Mass transit is heavily subsidized by the government. Which of the following is NOT an economic justification for the subsidization? a) mass transit usage generates positive externalities b) mass transit market is a natural monopoly c) mass transit is a public good | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) higher fixed costs | A rail system has ____ than an equivalent bus system. a) higher fixed costs b) higher marginal cost per passenger c) lower average cost per passenger | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) potential user density is high | A rail system can be more worthwhile than a bus system if... a) income level of potential users is low b) potential user density is high c) traffic congestion on roads is low | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | b) economies of scale in the provision | Which of the following is an advantage of central provision of government services (rather than local provision)? a) more political accountability b) economies of scale in the provision c) greater policy innovation | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) spillovers (externalities) from each city's policies | Transfer of resources between cities is needed to make local government policies more efficient due to... a) economies of scale in government service provision b) differences in natural resources available to each city (e.g., land and water availability, climate) c) spillovers (externalities) from each city's policies | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) has a more inelastic willingness to buy or sell | The burden of an excise tax falls more heavily on the side of the market (buyers or sellers) that... a) is responsible for the collection and payment of the tax to the government b) has a more elastic willingness to buy or sell c) has a more inelastic willingness to buy or sell | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | a) landowners | Consider the case where government services are not affected by property taxation. Also, the landowner, structure owner, and structure user are not the same person. In this case, the burden of a land tax falls on... a) landowners b) structure owners c) structure users | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
64f5c2d5_nal_Exam_Flashcards___Cram_com__etween_sellers_in_land_markets | c) a reduction in property values due to higher property taxes | Property tax capitalization refers to... a) the changes in the quality of government services due to a change in property tax b) an increase in property tax revenues due to increasing property values c) a reduction in property values due to higher property taxes | [] | ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com | The adoption of land use regulations is economically justified by... a) the existence of externalities from land use b) the fact that land is a public good c) the lack of competition between sellers in land markets | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/eco-435-final-exam-2173939 | 49/1438042985647.51_20150728002305-00033-ip-10-236-191-2_394645434_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The part of a brand that can be spoken, including letters, words, and numbers [1] | Brand Name | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The part of a brand that is not made up of words, such as a symbol or design [1] | Brand Mark | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A legal designation of exclusive use of a brand [1] | Trademark | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The full legal name of an organization [1] | Trade Name | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A customer’s favorable attitude toward a specific brand. [1] | Brand Loyalty | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The degree of brand loyalty in which a customer is aware that a brand exists and views the brand as an alternative purchase if their preferred brand is unavailable. [1] | Brand Recognition | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The degree of brand loyalty in which a customer prefers one brand over competitive offerings. [1] | Brand Preference | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The degree of brand loyalty in which a customer strongly prefers a specific brand and will accept no substitute. [1] | Brand Insistence | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The marketing and financial value associated with a brand’s strength in a market. [1] | Brand Equity | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A brand initiated by producers to ensure that producers are identified with their products at the point of purchase. [1] | Manufacturer Brand | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A brand initiated and owned by a reseller [1] | Private Distributor Brand | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A brand indicating only the product category [1] | Generic Brand | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A branding policy in which each product is given a different name [1] | Individual Branding | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Branding all of a firm’s products with the same name or part of the name. [1] | Family Branding | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] An organization uses one of its existing brands to brand a new product in a different product category. [1] | Brand Extension | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Using two or more brands on one product. [1] | Co-Branding | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] An agreement whereby a company permits another organization to use its brand on other products for a licensing fee. [1] | Brand Licensing | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Using similar packaging for all of a firm’s products or packaging that has one common design element. [1] | Family Packaging | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Providing identifying, promotional, or other information on package labels. [1] | Labeling | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A series of electronically readable lines identifying a product and containing inventory and pricing information. [1] | Universal Product Code (UPC) | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The characteristic that a service is not physical and cannot be perceived by the senses [1] | Intangibility | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The quality of being produced and consumed at the same time. [1] | Inseparability | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The inability of unused service capacity to be stored for future use. [1] | Perishability | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Variation in quality [1] | Heterogeneity | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Interactions that result in satisfied customers who use a service repeatedly over time. [1] | Client-based Relationships | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The level of interaction between provider and customer needed to deliver the service. [1] | Customer Contact | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Customers’ perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations. [1] | Service Quality | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Tangible attributes that can be judged before the purchase of a product [1] | Search Qualities | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Attributes that can be assessed only during purchase and consumption of service [1] | Experience Qualities | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Attributes that customers may be unable to evaluate even after purchasing and consumer a service. [1] | Credence Qualities | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Marketing activities conducted to achieve some goal other than ordinary business goals such as profit, market share, or return on investment. [1] | Nonprofit Marketing | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A collective of individuals who have an interest in or concern about an organization, product, or social cause. [1] | Target Public | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Direct consumers of a product of a non-business organization [1] | Client Publics | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Indirect consumers of a product of a nonbusiness organization [1] | General Publics | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The value of the benefit given up by choosing one alternative over another [1] | Opportunity Cost | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Paid non-personal communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media. [1] | Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising that promotes organizational images, ideas, and political issues [1] | Institutional Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising that promotes a company’s position on a public issue [1] | Advocacy Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising that promotes the uses, features, and benefits of products [1] | Product Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising that tries to stimulate demand for a product category rather than a specific brand by informing potential buyers about the product. [1] | Pioneer Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Tries to stimulate demand for a specific brand by promoting its features, uses, and advantages relative to competing brands. [1] | Competitive Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Compares the sponsored brand with one or more identified brands on the basis of one or more product characteristics. [1] | Comparative Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising used to remind consumers about an established brand’s uses, characteristics, and benefits. [1] | Reminder Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Advertising that assures users they chose the right brand and tells them how to get the most satisfaction from it. [1] | Reinforcement Advertising | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The creation and execution of a series of advertisements to communicate with a particular target audience. [1] | Advertising Campaign | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The group of people at whom advertisements are aimed [1] | Target Audience | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Basic issues or selling points to be included in an advertising campaign [1] | Advertising Platform | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The advertising budget for a specific time period [1] | Advertising Appropriation | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Budgeting for an advertising campaign by first determining its objectives and then calculating the cost of all the tasks needed to attain them. [1] | Objective-and-Task Approach | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Budgeting for an advertising campaign by multiplying the firms past and expected sales by a standard percent. [1] | Percent-of-Scale Approach | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Determining an advertising budget by trying to match competitors advertising outlays. [1] | Competition Matching Approach- | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Budgeting for an advertising campaign as specified by a high-level executive in the firm. [1] | Arbitrary Approach | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A plan that specifies the media vehicles to be used and the schedule for running advertisements. [1] | Media Plan | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] A means of comparing the costs of advertising vehicles in a specific medium in relation to the number of people reached. [1] | Cost Comparison Indicator | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] Versions of a magazine that differ across geographic regions [1] | Regional Issues | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
faf8e872_ing_Test_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] The verbal portion of advertisements. [1] | Copy | [] | Basic Marketing Test Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/basic-marketing-test-2010876 | 49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00221-ip-10-236-191-2_369045155_0.json |
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